bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do intermittency and simultaneous processes obfuscate the Arctic influence on midlatitude winter extreme weather events?
Authors: Overland J E , Ballinger T J , Cohen J , Francis J A , Hanna E , Jaiser R , Kim B -M , Kim S -J , Ukita J , Vihma T , Wang M , Zhang X 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pronounced changes in the Arctic environment add a new potential driver of anomalous weather patterns in midlatitudes that affect billions of people. Recent studies of these Arctic/midlatitude weather linkages, however, state inconsistent conclusions. A source of uncertainty arises from the chaotic nature of the atmosphere. Thermodynamic forcing by a rapidly warming Arctic contributes to weather events through changing surface heat fluxes and large-scale temperature and pressure gradients. But internal shifts in atmospheric dynamics—the variability of the location, strength, and character of the jet stream, blocking, and stratospheric polar vortex (SPV)—obscure the direct causes and effects. It is important to understand these associated processes to differentiate Arctic-forced variability from natural variability. For example in early winter, reduced Barents/Kara Seas sea-ice coverage may reinforce existing atmospheric teleconnections between the North Atlantic/Arctic and central Asia, and affect downstream weather in East Asia. Reduced sea ice in the Chukchi Sea can amplify atmospheric ridging of high pressure near Alaska, influencing downstream weather across North America. In late winter southward displacement of the SPV, coupled to the troposphere, leads to weather extremes in Eurasia and North America. Combined tropical and sea ice conditions can modulate the variability of the SPV. Observational evidence for Arctic/midlatitude weather linkages continues to accumulate, along with understanding of connections with pre-existing climate states. Relative to natural atmospheric variability, sea-ice loss alone has played a secondary role in Arctic/midlatitude weather linkages; the full influence of Arctic amplification remains uncertain.
Travelling wave solutions on a non-zero background for the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Anco Stephen C , Nayeri HamidReza , Recio Elena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For the generalized p-power Korteweg–de Vries equation, all non-periodic travelling wave solutions with non-zero boundary conditions are explicitly classified for all integer powers p ⩾ 1. These solutions are shown to consist of: bright solitary waves and static humps on a non-zero background for odd p; dark solitary waves on a non-zero background and kink (shock) waves for even p in the defocusing case; pairs of bright/dark solitary waves on a non-zero background, and also bright and dark heavy-tail waves (with power decay) on a non-zero background, for even p in the focussing case. An explicit physical parameterization is given for each type of solution in terms of the wave speed c, background size b, and wave height/depth h. The allowed kinematic region for existence of the solutions is derived, and other main kinematic features are discussed. Analytical formulas are presented in the higher power cases p = 3, 4, which are compared to the integrable cases p = 1, 2.
Using the US EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard to interpret targeted and non-targeted GC–MS analyses from human breath and other biological media
Authors: Pleil Joachim D , Lowe Charles N , Wallace M Ariel Geer , Williams Antony J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The U.S. EPA CompTox Chemicals Dashboard is a freely available web-based application providing access to chemistry, toxicity, and exposure data for ∼900 000 chemicals. Data, search functionality, and prediction models within the Dashboard can help identify chemicals found in environmental analyses and human biomonitoring. It was designed to deliver data generated to support computational toxicology to reduce chemical testing on animals and provide access to new approach methodologies including prediction models. The inclusion of mass and formula-based searches, together with relevant ranking approaches, allows for the identification and prioritization of exogenous (environmental) chemicals from high resolution mass spectrometry in need of further evaluation. The Dashboard includes chemicals that can be detected by liquid chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and direct-MS analyses, and chemical lists have been added that highlight breath-borne volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The Dashboard can be searched using various chemical identifiers (e.g. chemical synonyms, CASRN and InChIKeys), chemical formula, MS-ready formulae monoisotopic mass, consumer product categories and assays/genes associated with high-throughput screening data. An integrated search at a chemical level performs searches against PubMed to identify relevant published literature. This article describes specific procedures using the Dashboard as a first-stop tool for exploring both targeted and non-targeted results from GC–MS analyses of chemicals found in breath, exhaled breath condensate, and associated aerosols.
Paleomeanders of the Belaya River (the Upper Angara region)
Authors: Opekunova M Yu , Golubtsov V A , Kichigina N V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents data on the existence of fragments of the ancient river network in the Belaya River valley (the Angara River basin). We characterize the modern floodplain-terrace complex of the Belaya River, namely the structure of modern floodplains and low terraces, the heights of their basement and morphology, as well as describe the structure of the ancient part of the Belaya River channel. The estimated fragment of the ancient valley of the Belaya River, with a length of 13.6 km, is a macro-bend. The morphometric parameters of the incised meanders of the ancient valley almost two times exceed the modern meanders of free type but are close in their morphometric parameters to modern incised meanders. Based on the morphometric parameters of fragments of the ancient river channel, we calculated the velocities of the paleo-Belaya and compared them with the actual values for the Belaya River. The calculated water flow rates of the ancient channel are 3.7 to 4.5 times higher than the modern parameters. However, these parameters are close to the maximum values during the summer floods. At the next stage of research, we plan to reconstruct the ancient river network of the area by analyzing basal surface maps.
Patterns of development and distribution of soil cover in Southern Predbaikalia
Authors: Kozlova A A , Belozertseva I A , Lopatina D N , Guzeeva V S , Kusraev K D , Kucherenko I M , Korshunova S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The territory of Southern Predbaikalia includes the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo plain and the southern part of the Predbaikalsky basin, both of which are the marginal basins of the Siberian platform, and the Priolkhonsky plateau, a tectonic block squeezed between the Baikal Mountains and the Baikal basin. The main factors of soil formation, climate and relief, determine the unique mechanisms of the local circulation of air, heat and moisture, and affect the diversity of soil types and their distribution on the macro-and meso-levels of the soil cover organization. The combination of the basin effect and aridic-shadow form of vertical zonation in Southern Predbaikalia led to the development of dramatically contrasting landscapes and soils within a limited area: from subtaiga to dry steppes. Paleocryogenic phenomena in the form of polygons and cracks or hillocks and hollows contributed to the differentiation of the soil formation processes, mottling of the soil cover on the micro-level of its organization in the form of contrasting soil microcombinations. The research resulted in the creation of the Southern Predbaikalia soil cover map built using Quantum-GIS and landscape indication methods, morphometrical parameters and relief forms, space imaging and schemes showing key sites of determined soil profiles.
Differentiation of the Southern Transbaikalia territory in the thermo-freezing regime of soils
Authors: Trofimova I E , Balybina A S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Broad variations in the soil temperature are characteristic of the southern Transbaikalia. The soil temperature varies in the ranges of -2,5 ÷ -19, -0,5 ÷ -12,5 and 2,8 ÷ -3,2 °C at the depths of 0.2, 0.8 and 3.2 m respectively. The mass of data is classified into four groups that are characterized as moderately cold, cold, very cold and severe based on qualitative characteristics of their thermal conditions. The moderately cold conditions of soils (A) occur at the south-eastern shore of Baikal lake. Cold conditions of soils (B) are scattered over all the territory and usually occur at near-river descents and valleys of hollow type. The very cold conditions of soils (C) are most widely spread in the Southern Transbaikalia. They can be considered as the background conditions of the territory considered. The severe conditions (D) are met in the form of small dispersed patches only. Based on the method of conjugate analysis of mutually related landscape components, a cartographic model is developed that can be pertained to the ecological direction in cartography. Analysis of annual temperature variations at the soil profile depths and of its vertical distribution in all months of a year revealed some new regularities. Firstly, the periods of near-zero temperatures and their durations in different soil layers were determined and, secondly, annual temperature amplitudes were fixed in soil profiles of various cooling and freezing conditions.
The response of lichen growth forms to fire frequency: a case study in oak forests of the southern Russian Far East
Authors: Rodnikova I M , Skirina I F , Skirin F V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Epiphytic lichens are used as sensitive indicators of environmental changes. Lichen growth forms are related to biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, we investigate the response of lichen growth form diversity to fire frequency. In the oak forests of the southern Primorsky Krai, we established 43 sampling plots of 25 m x 25 m each. All plots were assigned to four fire history regimes defined by the combination of fire marks. A total of 168 epiphytic lichen species were recorded. They were classified into 12 groups of growth forms. The linear regression model demonstrated that the taxonomic diversity of epiphytic lichens and the growth form diversity were highly and positively correlated. Increasing fire frequency resulted in limited damage to growth form diversity of the epiphytic lichen communities, whereas species diversity drastically decreased with increasing fire frequency. The diversity of most growth form groups were connected with the gradient of fire frequency. Diversity of growth forms tolerant to a wide environmental variety, such as foliose species with narrow lobes, crustose granular verrucose, and compact crustose, drastically decreased under regular fire events. In contrast, growth forms adapted to sheltered and humid environments, such as foliose gelatinous, foliose inflated, and foliose with broad lobes, were absent on the plots with regular and frequent fire events. Thus, due to the close relationship between morphological traits and specific environmental conditions, certain groups of growth forms can be used as indicators of fire regimes of forests.
The Trans-Siberian transport corridor and development of urban agglomerations
Authors: Bezrukov L A , Vorobyev N V , Emelyanova N V , Vladimirov I N , Enkh-Amgalan S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When discussing the geographical features in the formation of the framework of the economy, population distribution and nature management of Russia (Siberia) and Mongolia in conditions of the landlocked location and an enhancement in Eurasian integration processes, it is necessary to capitalize primarily on the national priorities of Russia (and on the interests of its eastern regions), with due regard for the interests of neighboring countries. The territories adjacent to the Trans-Siberian Railway (Transsib) have favorable opportunities for implementation of major transport projects and for general economic growth. The competitive advantages and possibilities of the cities and agglomerations will look different if they are regarded not as separate entities but as forming part of a common Trans-Siberian economic space. An enhancement in the role of the transport hubs, such as Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, objectively leads to the growth of the respective agglomerations and is detrimental to the functioning of the other urban settlements along Transsib which are associated with the railroad. The Trans-Siberian transport corridor should become the belt of economic development of the adjacent landlocked territories and work for integration of the vast Eurasian space thereby unleashing the potential of the urban agglomerations of Siberia.
Features of the content of manganese in natural waters in the south of the Far East (on the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region)
Authors: Revutskaya I L , Khristoforova N K , Sukhoveeva A B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article provides data on the content of total manganese (Mn) during the 2019 summer in the surface waters of the Bira River and its tributaries, which are located in the North of the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR), a biogeochemical province in terms of excess iron (Fe) and Mn in the water. The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of Mn and to reveal its concentration in surface watercourses taking into account the geological features and natural conditions of the region. Water samples were taken at 11 stations from the left tributaries of the Bolshaya Bira river. A photometric method with formaldoxime was used to determine the gross Mn content in water in October 2018. The atomic absorption spectrometer “Kvant-2 AT” was used in 2019. Very high concentrations of total Mn were revealed in the waters of rivers in the north-western part of the region in the area of the Mn ore deposit. It has been shown that in the rivers located to the northeast of the deposit, the metal concentration sharply declines. In the eastern swampy part of the region, the Mn content in the river water of the Ikura River sharply increases up to 0.139 mg/dm3. The results of surface water samples from the Bira River basin confirmed the previously identified distribution of Mn levels in the waters of the River and its tributaries in accordance with natural conditions.
Channel morphodynamics of the Selenga River
Authors: Opekunova M Yu , Bezgodova O V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents the experimental data of the channel morphodynamics of the Selenga River and the Chikoy River mouth over a 100-year period within the 23.5 km long stretch from the Termyn-Tatur channel to Gustovskii Island. We analyzed changes in the planned pattern of the channel and systemized channel processes for three time sections – 1914, 1987 and 2019 on the stretch from the Termyn-Tatur channel to the Gustovskii Island. The main changes over more than a century have manifested themselves in the form of changes in the elements, types and shapes of bends, dynamics of the width and number of arms, as well as in degradation processes and appearance of new arms, redistribution of the main flow from one arm to another. The most stable areas turned out to be areas of relatively rectilinear channel of undivided and divided types located near the valley side, which was a limiting factor in the development of horizontal deformation. We determined the time of the most significant channel deformations-from 1914 to 1987. This is explained by the number of high-water periods in this period, the total duration of which was 43 years and possibly by the intensification of anthropogenic impact and the associated increase in suspended sediment discharge. The longest period of decrease in the manifestations of channel deformations occurred from 1987 to 2019, and it coincides with a prolonged dry period that began in 1995.
Geoinformation analysis of the period of a stable snow cover in the Baikal region
Authors: Rasputina E A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
From 2000 to 2010, we carried out mapping and spatiotemporal analysis of the period of the stable snow cover (SSC) in the Baikal region and assessed the influence of various environmental factors on it. The dates of the onset and destruction of SSC were determined using the eight-day MODIS “snow cover” composites with a spatial resolution of 500m (MODIS/Terra Snow Cover 8-Day L3 Global 500m Grid, Version 6), and the duration was calculated as the difference of dates. We also carried out a multiple regression analysis of the relationship of the SSC period and environmental factors: the altitude, slope, potential total incoming solar radiation (kWh/m2 per day) (according to digital elevation model from the WorldClim dataset) as well as land surface temperature (according to MODIS data). The results revealed a high positive linear relationship between the SSC period and the altitude of the entire area. In general, in the entire area, the calculated increment in the SSC period with the altitude is approximately 12 days every 100 m. There is no linear relationship between the SSC duration and the incoming solar radiation that is determined by the steepness and orientation of slopes. The SSC duration and temperature show the average negative linear relationship.
Implementation of the environmental legal mechanism of nature protection for regulating recreational activities in a particular territory
Authors: Lesnykh S I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recreational activities are associated with significant loads on all territorial components and are regulated by relevant environmental legislation that often causes conflicts of interest. The Lake Baikal area due to its uniqueness has own (additional to the generally accepted) system of environmental legislation that greatly exacerbates conflicts of interests: it helps to preserve nature but making the conduct of any economic activity almost impossible. For the legal regulation of public relations regarding nature preserving and recreational activities, the environmental legal mechanism is applied. The results of applying this mechanism on Lake Baikal area is considered through the combination of the residents’ interests in a healthy environment and ensuring their material needs. Using the tool of legal environmental zoning, the framework of Lake Baikal protection has been visualized, which helps to “see” intersections of all regulations on the area and determines the priority right of land-use. The comparison of legal environmental zoning categories with maps of current land-use lets to determine contradictions in real and permitted land-use, which allows finding the best option for using different parts of the Lake Baikal area. In the end, the calculation of recreational load standards for tourism activities in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory was carried out.
Justification of the need for forming a frame of mutually complimentary industrial innovation centers in the ultracontinental core of the Eurasian space
Authors: Krasnoyarova B A , Krotov A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Growing disagreements between major actors of world politics and economy have aggravated the conflict between leading competing states and caused expansion of geopolitical and geo-economic rivalry. Living conditions of the population of territories located in the most vulnerable places of the Earth, including ultra-continental cores in the countries of the former “socialist camp” (USSR, China, Mongolia) are sharply deteriorating. Creation of a frame-type network model based on the new industrial innovation centers could contribute to the development of these areas. Such centers should pool and reasonably direct available resources to the most competitive and called-for economy sectors capable to provide the best performance of end-use products output. Along with already recognized subnational leaders, agglomerations of Barnaul, Irkutsk, the Tashkent-Shimkent and Rubtsovsk-Semey transboundary industrial hubs, Jiuquan city district of Gansu province are proposed as nodes for the future development of the study space. The prospects for the Rubtsovsk-Semey hub are demonstrated in more detail. Each core of macro-regional development should have its own polymodal specialization bound as to the world economy as to the interests of Eurasian central countries that enables to mutually complement and strengthen these territories. It is emphasized that the joint strategy of development will ensure a full-fledged economic breakthrough in the ultra-continental Eurasian space.
Ecological status and postagrogenic transformation of landscapes (a case study of the Republic of Buryatia)
Authors: Belozertseva I A , Ekimovskaya O A , Sizykh A P , Atutova Zh V , Shekhovtsov A I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For the first time, the Buryatia Republic has been given a comprehensive environmental and economic assessment of post-agricultural landscapes and the desirability of returning them to agricultural circulation. Detailed geobotanical descriptions are carried out and the structural-dynamic organization features of plant communities are established, the stages of restoration succession are analyzed. Agrochemical and agrophysical studies of the soils of deposits were carried out. The characteristic is given to the features of overgrowing of post-agrarian landscapes with trees and shrubs and the state of protective forest belts. For the first time for the Buryatia Republic, the place of fallow lands in the landscape hierarchy has been identified. An original map «Use of the lands of South-Western Transbaikalia», reflecting the territorial differentiation of fallow lands, was compiled. For one of the key areas of the study, an original map was compiled «Anthropogenic and spontaneous (natural) transformations of the geosystems of the Tunkinsky depression». For the first time, an economic model has been created for the Buryatia Republic for the contribution of individual agricultural sectors to gross domestic product. The model reflects the significance of each type of product and the appropriateness of its production on post-agricultural landscapes if they return to agricultural circulation. Sociological studies of business entities on the subject of their readiness to enter into agricultural circulation and reclaim fallow lands were carried out.
Current state of vegetation of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea
Authors: Shomurodov Kh , Rakhimova T , Adilov B , Beshko N , Karimov F , Polvonov F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The rate of regression of the coastal line of Aral Sea has been revealed for the period from 1965 to 2019 with 5-year intervals. The primary communities and their succession determined by the landform, lithology, depth and salinity of groundwater have been studied. According to the TSAVI index, the dried bottom of the Aral Sea is classified as follows: the water surface, swamps, salt marshes, puffed solonchaks, areas suitable for vegetation, areas with very low, low, medium, high and very high aboveground biomass territories. The correlation between the shrinking of the sea and the formation of vegetation with very low, low, medium and high biomass territories are revealed. A map of the vegetation of the western part of dried bottom of the Aral Sea has been created with 27 plant communities belonging to 4 types of vegetation. Six salt-tolerant species perspective for the fixation of shifting sands of dried bottom of the Aral Sea were selected from the native flora. A high tolerance to sand deflation was revealed in Salsola richterii and Calligonum caput-medusae.