bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation of Phase-Locked and Chaotic Behavior of Coupled Van Der Pol Oscillators
Authors: Reinhall Per G. , Storti Duane W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the dynamics of a pair of linearly coupled van der Pol oscillators. A four-dimensional parameter space (including the displacement and velocity coupling strengths and the detuning in addition to the usual non-linearity parameter of the uncoupled van der Pol oscillator) is explored. In addition to corroboration of analytical results for the existence and stability of the in-phase and out-of-phase modes, regions in the parameter space are obtained where stable phase-locked motions exist with phase differences other than 0° or 180°. The dependence of stable phase lag on parameter values is presented for representative portions of the parameter space. A region is also located where trajectories are obtained which provide the first evidence of chaotic behavior and strange at tractors in this system of unforced non-conservative oscillators.
Identification of Structural Dynamics Models Using Wavelet-Generated Impulse Response Data
Authors: Robertson A. N. , Park K. C. , Alvin K. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the use of discrete wavelet tranforms for the identification of structural dynamics models. First, the discrete temporal impulse response functions are obtained from vibration records by the discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs), which are then utilized for system realizations. From the realized state space models, structural modes, mode shapes and damping parameters are extracted. Attention has been focused on a careful comparison of the present DWT system identification approach to the FFT-based approach and a rational criterion for truncating realized singular values. Numerical examples demonstrate that the present DWT-based structural system identification procedure outperforms the FFT-based procedure.
The Landweber Iteration for an Inverse Scattering Problem
Authors: Hanke Martin , Hettlich Frank , Scherzer Otmar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Landweber iteration scheme is presented for the numerical solution of an inverse obstacle problem. The method uses a recently obtained characterization of the Fréchet derivative of the far field operator and its adjoint. The performance of the method is illustrated by some numerical examples. Some theoretical aspects are pointed out to motivate the use of nonlinear Landweber iteration.
Plant–Pathogen Molecular Dialogue: Evolution, Mechanisms and Agricultural Implementation
Authors: Khavkin E. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plant diseases persistently challenge sustainable crop production worldwide. The most economical and eco-friendly way to effectively deal with this problem is to breed new cultivars with stable and durable resistance. Current progress towards this goal has been reinforced by considerable advancements in the molecular studies of pathogens and host plants. These advancements have greatly benefited from recently developed methods to research into gene structure and activity, especially the “omics” technologies. These steps forward are vividly represented by the case of late blight, which is economically the most important disease of potato and tomato (Solanum L.). Late blight became a popular model of multidimensional plant-microbe interactions, and newly obtained molecular evidence has considerably reshaped both our vision of plant–pathogen molecular dialogue and our approach to mitigating this disease. Drawing on recent publications, this review will focus on genome of the causal agent of disease, the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, and its already characterized genes of virulence, with particular emphasis on their evolution, which underlines the exceptional genetic and phenotypic plasticity of this pathogen. Specially highlighted is the diversity of the immediate tools of virulence—effectors, which interact with potato target molecules, alter host physiology and facilitate plant colonization. Turning to plant defense barriers, the reviewer elaborates on the polymorphism and evolution of Solanum genes providing for plant resistance to P. infestans. The repertoire of P. infestans virulence genes in agrocenoses and the diversity of resistance genes in potato wild relatives are explored as regards the agriculture-oriented implementation of new molecular knowledge. The multifaceted approach to late blight combines the search for new resistance genes in genetic collections, the characterization of their function and stacking these genes in potato cultivars in order to breed new donors of long-lasting and durable resistance together with express assessment of pathogen virulence genes.
Modest Impact of Liver Transplantation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality in the United States, Findings from The Transplant Cancer Match (TCM) Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Thrift Aaron P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Liver transplantation is considered the most curative treatment for patients with localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent organ allocation policies have reduced the priority of patients with HCC for liver transplantation, which might affect overall liver transplantation usage and HCC-specific mortality among patients with HCC. Therefore, studies on the impact of liver transplantation on population-level HCC-specific mortality rates are necessary and essential. Mahale and colleagues used comprehensive, linked population databases on both HCC cancer cases and liver transplantation recipients and applied incidence-based mortality (IBM) analysis to evaluate the overall impact of liver transplantation on HCC mortality in the United States. Although liver transplantation rates continue to rise in the United States, the authors showed that liver transplantation has had modest impact over time on HCC-specific mortality at the population level (liver transplantation was associated with a 0.5% reduction in the annual rate of increase in the IBM rate vs. nontransplant). Considering these findings, HCC screening and surveillance for early detection should be a priority, meanwhile, increased availability of liver transplantation for patients with HCC and other HCC curative-intent treatment modalities are also necessary to improve HCC survival. Moreover, HCC risk factors, viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention and treatment should also be incorporated in future HCC mortality research.
See related article by Mahale et al., p. 513
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Antihypertensive Medications Explain Variation in Pharmacy Refill and Self‐Reported Adherence Beyond Traditional Risk Factors: Potential Novel Mechanism Underlying Adherence
Authors: Craig Leslie S. , Peacock Erin , Mohundro Brice L. , Silver Julia H. , Marsh James , Johnson Taylor C. , Kelly P. Adam , Bazzano Lydia A. , Cunningham Michael , Petty Richard E. , Krousel‐Wood Marie 
Published: March 2021

Background
In pursuit of novel mechanisms underlying persistent low medication adherence rates, we assessed contributions of implicit and explicit attitudes, beyond traditional risk factors, in explaining variation in objective and subjective antihypertensive medication adherence.

Methods and Results

Implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed using the difference scores from the computer‐based Single Category Implicit Association Test and the
Necessity and Concerns
subscales of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, respectively. Antihypertensive medication adherence was measured using pharmacy refill proportion of days covered (PDC: mean PDC, low PDC <0.8) and the self‐report 4‐item Krousel‐Wood Medication Adherence Scale (K‐Wood‐MAS‐4: mean K‐Wood‐MAS‐4, low adherence via K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 ≥1). Hierarchical logistic and linear regression models controlled for traditional risk factors including social determinants of health, explicit, and implicit attitudes in a stepwise fashion. Community‐dwelling insured participants (n=85: 44.7% female; 20.0% Black; mean age, 62.3 years; 43.5% low PDC, and 31.8% low adherence via K‐Wood‐MAS‐4) had mean (SD) explicit and implicit attitude scores of 7.188 (5.683) and 0.035 (0.334), respectively. Low PDC was inversely associated with more positive explicit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.98;
P
=0.022) and implicit (aOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.80;
P
=0.029) attitudes, which accounted for an additional 8.6% (
P
=0.016) and 6.5% (
P
=0.029) of variation in low PDC, respectively. Lower mean K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 scores (better adherence) were associated only with more positive explicit attitudes (adjusted β, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.07 to −0.01;
P
=0.026); explicit attitudes explained an additional 5.6% (
P
=0.023) of K‐Wood‐MAS‐4 variance.

Conclusions
Implicit and explicit attitudes explained significantly more variation in medication adherence beyond traditional risk factors, including social determinants of health, and should be explored as potential mechanisms underlying adherence behavior.
Depth-Bounded Statistical PCFG Induction as a Model of Human Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Jin Lifeng , Schwartz Lane , Doshi-Velez Finale , Miller Timothy , Schuler William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article describes a simple PCFG induction model with a fixed category domain that predicts a large majority of attested constituent boundaries, and predicts labels consistent with nearly half of attested constituent labels on a standard evaluation data set of child-directed speech. The article then explores the idea that the difference between simple grammars exhibited by child learners and fully recursive grammars exhibited by adult learners may be an effect of increasing working memory capacity, where the shallow grammars are constrained images of the recursive grammars. An implementation of these memory bounds as limits on center embedding in a depth-specific transform of a recursive grammar yields a significant improvement over an equivalent but unbounded baseline, suggesting that this arrangement may indeed confer a learning advantage.
Arthroscopic Findings in Symptomatic Fourth and Fifth Tarsometatarsal Joints with and without Arthritis
Authors: Liu George T. , VanPelt Michael D. , Johnson Matthew J. , Raspovic Katherine M. , Wukich Dane K. , Lalli Trapper 
Published: March 2021

Category: Arthroscopy; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Refractory pain to the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint is a source of disability and functional impairment. The etiology of fourth and fifth TMT joint pain may be attributed to injury, post-traumatic arthritis, or arthrofibrosis, however, the principal pathologies associated with pain in the absence of arthritis are not well elucidated. The purpose of this study is to characterize arthroscopic pathology associated with chronic refractory pain to the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis. Methods: We retrospectively examined 25 patients that underwent arthroscopic surgery of the fourth and fifth TMT joints for refractory pain at our academic institution between 2015 - 2020. Patients were placed in supine position, thigh tourniquet placed, prepped and draped in standard sterile fashion. The fourth and fifth TMT joints were accessed medially through a portal between the third and fourth TMT joint and laterally through a portal lateral to the fifth TMT joint. A 30° 2.5mm arthroscope was used as well as 2.5mm aggressive soft tissue shaver. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was use to confirm location of the arthroscope and shaver. The intraoperative findings were recorded into the medical record. We used the Outerbridge classification for chondral lesions, the Kellgren Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification for osteoarthritis, and described intraarticular pathologies as acute hypertrophic synovitis, chronic synovial fibrosis, hyaline bands, meniscoid bodies, loose joint bodies, arthrofibrosis. Results: Twenty-three fourth TMT joints and 26 fifth TMT joints, in 25 patients, underwent arthroscopic surgery for refractory pain. Average age was 62.6+-8.3 years. Average body mass index was 31.0+-5.0 kg/m2. All patients had pain with piano-key test. Twelve patients with arthritis to first through third TMT joints and eight patients to second through third TMT joints required arthrodesis. Approximately, 71.4% of TMT joints presented with radiographic evidence of arthritis and 28.6% of TMT joints were absent of radiographic signs of arthritis. The soft tissue pathology observed in patients without radiographic evidence of arthritis was arthrofibrosis (87.5%), chronic synovial fibrosis (75.0%), and acute hypertrophic synovitis (62.5%). Frequency plot of soft tissue pathologies, Outerbridge classification and KL radiographic classification for arthritis are shown in Figure 1. Conclusion: This is the first study to report arthroscopic findings associated with refractory pain of the fourth and fifth TMT joints with and without arthritis. These findings provide information regarding pathologies associated with fourth and fifth TMT joints pain and subsequent treatment.
Characterization of chromosome constitution in three wheat - Thinopyrum intermedium amphiploids revealed frequent rearrangement of alien and wheat chromosomes
Authors: Cui Yu , Xing Piyi , Qi Xiaolei , Bao Yinguang , Wang Honggang , Wang Richard R.-C. , Li Xingfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42) is an important wild perennial Triticeae species exhibiting many potentially favorable traits for wheat improvement. Wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids serve as a bridge to transfer desirable genes from Th. intermedium into common wheat.

Results
Three octoploid Trititrigia accessions (TE261–1, TE266–1, and TE346–1) with good resistances to stripe rust, powdery mildew and aphids were selected from hybrid progenies between Th. intermedium and the common wheat variety ‘Yannong 15’ (YN15). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multicolor GISH (McGISH) analyses demonstrated that the three octoploid Trititrigia possess 42 wheat chromosomes and 14 Th. intermedium chromosomes. The 14 alien (Th. intermedium) chromosomes belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St-genome chromosomes rather than a single J, JS or St genome. Different types of chromosomal structural variation were also detected in the 1A, 6A, 6B, 2D and 7D chromosomes via FISH, McGISH and molecular marker analysis. The identity of the alien chromosomes and the variationes in the wheat chromosomes in the three Trititrigia octoploids were also different.

Conclusions
The wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphiploids possess 14 alien chromosomes which belong to a mixed genome consisting of J-, JS- and St- chromosomes, and 42 wheat chromosomes with different structural variations. These accessions could be used as genetic resources in wheat breeding for the transfer of disease and pest resistance genes from Th. intermedium to common wheat.
Utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in cases of difficult biliary cannulation
Authors: Shintani Shuhei , Inatomi Osamu , Takeda Yoshiya , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Fujimoto Takehide , Tsuji Yoshihisa , Kutsumi Hiromu , Andoh Akira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the utility and safety of a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome in biliary cannulation in comparison with the conventional pancreatic guidewire (PGW) method.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 119 patients who required PGW placement because of difficult biliary cannulation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed using a conventional ERCP catheter or a new uneven double-lumen sphincterotome. The success rate of bile duct cannulation, the operation time of bile duct cannulation, and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) were evaluated.

Results
Forty-four patients were treated with a new double-lumen sphincterotome (the new sphincterotome group) and 75 patients underwent conventional PGW placement (the conventional group). The success rate of bile duct cannulation was 39/44 (88.6%) in the new sphincterotome group and 63/75 (84.0%) in the conventional group (not significant). The total biliary cannulation time (from the reach to the papilla to the finish of biliary cannulation) was 16.0 (6.5–78) min in the new sphincterotome group and 26.0 (5–80) min in the conventional group (P < 0.01). The time from PGW placement to bile duct cannulation was 3.5 (0.3–57) min in the magictome group and 12.0 (1–65) min in the conventional group (P < 0.01). Hyperamylasemia was observed in 13/44 (29.5%) and 17/75 (22.7%), respectively (not significant). Five of 44 (11.3%) of the new sphincterotome group and 14/75 (18.7%) of the conventional group were diagnosed with PEP (not significant).

Conclusion
A new double-lumen sphincterotome allows selective bile duct cannulation to be performed in a shorter time than the conventional PGW method.
“Body & Brain”: effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on physical and cognitive function of adults with dementia - study protocol for a quasi-experimental controlled trial
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Borges-Machado Flávia , Barros Duarte , Sampaio Arnaldina , Marques-Aleixo Inês , Bohn Lucimere , Pizarro Andreia , Teixeira Laetitia , Magalhães José , Ribeiro Óscar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability that was declared as one of the greatest health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy in disease prevention and management. Multicomponent Training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, balance and postural exercises and might be an effective training to improve both functional capacity and cognitive function in individuals with dementia (IwD). Nevertheless, data on the effects of MT in IwD are still limited and the extent to which IwD can retain improvements after an exercise intervention still needs to be elucidated. The aim of “Body & Brain” study is to investigate the effects of a 6-month MT intervention and 3-month detraining on the physical and cognitive function of IwD. Additionally, we aim to explore the impact of this intervention on psychosocial factors and physiologic markers related to dementia.

Methods
This study is a quasi-experimental controlled trial using a parallel-group design. The study sample consists of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who are clinically diagnosed with dementia or major neurocognitive disorder. Participants will be either allocated into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in MT biweekly exercise sessions, whereas the control group will receive monthly sessions regarding physical activity and health-related topics for 6 months. The main outcomes will be physical function as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cognitive function evaluated using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, after 6-months and 3-months after the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes will be body composition, physical fitness, daily functionality, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver’s burden. Cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurotrophic blood-based biomarkers, and arterial stiffness will also be evaluated in subsamples.

Discussion
If our hypothesis is correct, this project will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of MT training in improving physical and cognitive function and give insights about its impact on novel molecular biomarkers related to dementia. This project may also contribute to provide guidelines on exercise prescription for IwD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov – identifier number NCT04095962; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.
Barriers and facilitators of facility-based kangaroo mother care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Kinshella Mai-Lei Woo , Hiwa Tamanda , Pickerill Kelly , Vidler Marianne , Dube Queen , Goldfarb David , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Kawaza Kondwani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hospital-based kangaroo mother care can help reduce preventable newborn deaths and has been recommended by the World Health Organization in the care of low birthweight babies weighing 2000 g or less. However, implementation has been limited. The objective of this review is to understand the barriers and facilitators of kangaroo mother care implementation in health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa, where there are the highest rates of neonatal mortality in the world.

Methods
A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, African Journals Online, African Index Medicus as well as the references of relevant articles. Inclusion criteria included primary research, facility-based kangaroo mother care in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies were assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist and the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools and underwent narrative synthesis.

Results
Thirty studies were included in the review. This review examined barriers and facilitators to kangaroo mother care practice at health systems level, health worker experiences and perspectives of mothers and their families. Strong local leadership was essential to overcome barriers of inadequate space, limited budget for supplies, inadequate staffing, lack of guidelines and policies and insufficient supportive supervision. Workload burdens, knowledge gaps and staff attitudes were highlighted as challenges at health workers’ level, which could be supported by sharing of best practices and success stories. Support for mothers and their families was also identified as a gap.

Conclusion
Building momentum for kangaroo mother care in health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa continues to be a challenge. Strengthening health systems and communication, prioritizing preterm infant care in public health strategies and supporting health workers and mothers and their families as partners in care are important to scale up. This will support sustainable kangaroo mother care implementation as well as strengthen quality of newborn care overall. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020166742.