bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraplate earthquake occurrence and distribution in Peninsular Malaysia over the past 100 years
Authors: Nazaruddin Dony Adriansyah , Duerrast Helmut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeninsular Malaysia is tectonically situated on a stable craton (intraplate) and so far experiences relatively little earthquake activities, thus considered as a region with low seismicity. This study uses earthquake data from 59 events obtained from various sources in the period 1922 to 2020. The overall seismicity in the study area is low as expected due to the general intraplate setting. Earthquakes occurred onshore and offshore of Peninsular Malaysia between latitudes 1° and 7° N and longitudes 99° and 105° E. The seismicity pattern shows that the epicenters are distributed spatially in some parts of the peninsula and in the Malacca Strait with several epicenter zones. Most of earthquakes are associated with several preexisting faults and fault zones indicating that they are the major contributor to the local seismicity. Meanwhile, some further earthquakes were caused by activities related to reservoirs. Magnitudes are ranging from Mw 0.7 to 5.4 with the majority is Mw 1.0 + and 2.0 +. Hypocenters are located in between 1 and 167 km deep (shallow to intermediate earthquakes) with the majority being shallow earthquakes (1–70 km). The deepest earthquake located in the Straits of Malacca can be associated with a slab detachment broken off from the Sumatran Subduction Zone. Finally, this study contributes to the understanding of the intraplate seismicity of Peninsular Malaysia as a basis for seismic hazard and risk assessment.Article HighlightsEarthquake assessment over the last 100 year reveals low but clear seismicity with an associated seismic hazard and risk for certain areas.Shallow, low-magnitude earthquakes associated with reservoir activities and preexisting faults reactivated by the nearby subduction zone.A deeper, low-magnitude earthquake can be related to slab detachment from the Sumatran subduction zone toward the east.
The impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Early-onset androgenic alopecia is regarded as the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome in men. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at high risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether early-onset androgenic alopecia determines the impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in men with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Methods
The study included 67 young men with autoimmune thyroiditis, 25 of whom had early-onset androgenic alopecia (group A). All 25 men with alopecia and 23 out of the 42 men with no evidence of hair loss, matched for age, antibody titers and thyrotropin levels (group B), were then treated with vitamin D (100 μg daily). Serum titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, total and calculated free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, estradiol, prolactin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis were assessed before vitamin D treatment and 6 months later.

Results
At baseline, thyroid antibody titers were higher in subjects with than without alopecia and correlated with calculated free testosterone levels. Vitamin D reduced antibody titers in both groups but this effect was stronger in group B than group A. Only in group B, vitamin D increased SPINA-GT. The impact of vitamin D on antibody titers correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calculated free testosterone, treatment-induced increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the improvement in insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion
This study suggests that euthyroid men with early-onset androgenic alopecia may benefit to a lesser degree from vitamin D treatment than other subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis.
Assessing the Preparedness of Healthcare Facilities for Disasters and Emergencies in Damghan, Iran
Authors: Pourmohammadi Behrad , Heydari Ahad , Fatemi Farin , Modarresi Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:Iran is exposed to a wide range of natural and man-made hazards. Health-care facilities can play a significant role in providing life-saving measures in the minutes and hours immediately following the impact or exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the preparedness of health-care facilities in disasters and emergencies.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Damghan, Semnan Province, in 2019. The samples consisted of all the 11 health-care facilities located in Damghan County. A developed checklist was used to collect the data, including 272 questions in 4 sections: understanding threatening hazards, functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability of health-care facilities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.Results:The results revealed that the health-care facilities were exposed to 22 different natural and man-made hazards throughout the county. The total level of preparedness of the health-care centers under assessment was 45.8%. The average functional, structural, and nonstructural vulnerability was assessed at 49.3%, 31.6%, and 56.4%, respectively.Conclusions:Conducting mitigation measures is necessary for promoting the functional and structural preparedness. Disaster educational programs and exercises are recommended among the health staff in health-care facilities.
Production of the utterance-final moraic nasal in Japanese: A real-time MRI study
Authors: Maekawa Kikuo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTJapanese moraic nasal /N/ is a nasal segment having the status of an independent mora. In utterance-medial position, it is realized as a nasal segment sharing the same place of articulation as the immediately following segment, but in utterance-final position, it is believed to be realized as a uvular nasal. This final-/N/-as-uvular view, which is wide-spread in the literature on Japanese phonetics and phonology, was examined objectively by use of a real-time MRI movie of the articulatory movement of eleven Tokyo Japanese speakers. It turned out that the utterance-final /N/ is realized in a wide range of locations on the palate from the hard palate to the uvula. GLMM modeling showed that the closure locations of the utterance-final /N/ can be predicted accurately from the identity of the preceding vowel. In addition, leave-one-out cross validation showed that the model can be generalized to new data. We conclude that the realization of utterance-final /N/ is not fixed to uvular; its place of articulation is determined largely by the property of the preceding vowel.
Chinese Classical Dancers Have Improved Spontaneous Activity in Visual Brain Areas
Authors: Wen Rou , Hou Lijuan , Shi Jilong , Zhang Mi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies demonstrate that long-term exercise or dance training may cause changes in brain structure and function. However, the changes of neurofunction in the long-term practitioners of Chinese classical dance are still unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the neurofunctional alterations associated with long-term Chinese classical dance training. Thirty female college students were selected, 15 students majoring in Chinese classical dance (average training years = 9.73 ± 1.75 years) and 15 education-matched non-dancer students with no previous experience of regular dance training. In this cross-sectional design, the resting-state fMRI data were acquired only once to observe the structural and functional changes of the brain. Compared with non-dancers, professional dancers had no significant difference in the total volume of whole brain, gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. While in professional dancers, we found increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the left superior occipital gyrus, right Cuneus, and left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (Calcarine); increased fractional ALFF and regional homogeneity in the right Calcarine, indicating the increase of spontaneous brain activity in these brain areas. Since these brain areas are related to visual cognitive function, the results suggest that long-term Chinese classical dance training is associated with increased spontaneous regional brain activity in the visual areas. This may be closely related to the specific characteristics of Chinese classical dance and long-term professional training.
Modeling GPS Signal Propagation Through Volcanic Plumes
Authors: Rainville Nicholas , Palo Scott , Larson Kristine M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVolcanic plumes have been detected by monitoring for a drop in the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals at receivers close to the erupting volcano. Understanding the physical processes causing this decrease in GPS SNR during eruptions can help to both refine the plume detection technique and to better understand the structure of the observed plume. However, there are multiple physical effects that may cause signal extinction within a plume, and understanding how GPS signals interact with tephra particles is critical to explaining the loss in signal strength. To uncover which conditions could significantly affect GPS signals, a forward model for electromagnetic scattering and absorption through a plume is developed. Plume geometry as well as particle composition, density, and charge is considered and evaluated for contribution to GPS signal extinction. The simulated results are compared against GPS data taken during two eruptions: the 23 November 2013 eruption at Etna Volcano and the 23 March 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano.
Plio‐Pleistocene Establishment of Irtysh River in Junggar, Northwest China: Implications for Siberian‐Arctic River System Evolution and Resulting Climate Impact
Authors: Ma Yan , Zheng Dewen , Zhang Huiping , Pang Jianzhang , Wang Weitao , Wang Yizhou , Wu Ying , He Huaiyu , Stuart Finlay M. , Xu Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe influence of Siberian freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean on Northern Hemisphere ice‐sheet expansions remains poorly known due to the incomplete geologic record of Siberian‐Arctic river systems during the late Pliocene. The Irtysh River is a major Siberian river, rising from the Altay Mountains, northwestern China, and flowing 4,282 km before joining the Ob River. Here, we present new field evidence and chronological data from a combination of cosmogenic 21Ne and 26Al/10Be measurements that constrain the establishment of the Irtysh River to ca. 2.77+0.39/‐0.33 Ma. These first quantitative chronological results, together with previous sedimentological, geomorphological, and geochemical evidence, support a young Siberian‐Arctic river system. Its coincidence with the late Pliocene ice‐sheet expansions in the Northern Hemisphere implies a profound impact of Siberian freshwater input to the Arctic on the major ice advances that significantly affected global oceanographic and climatic systems.
Lake Spray Aerosol Emissions Alter Nitrogen Partitioning in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Amiri‐Farahani Anahita , Olson Nicole E. , Neubauer David , Roozitalab Behrooz , Ault Andrew P. , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe develop an improved, wind‐driven lake spray aerosol (LSA) emissions parameterization that resolves particle size and size‐independent chemical composition, and investigate the impact of these emissions on regional chemistry in the Great Lakes region. We conduct Weather Research and Forecasting model with online Chemistry simulations for November 2015, a time period with high LSA emissions. LSA particles emitted from the surface of the Great Lakes increase particulate by 37% over the Great Lakes and by 13% over land, primarily due to heterogeneous reactions between CaCO3 and HNO3. Cations emitted from lake spray affect the thermodynamic equilibrium, reducing particulate by 16% over the Great Lakes and by 7% over the surrounding land. This also influences gas‐phase species in the region, decreasing nitric acid by up to 32% over lakes. Overall, these simulations suggest that understanding LSA and its impact on other air pollutants is important for determining health and climate effects in the Great Lakes region.
Persistent Model Biases in the CMIP6 Representation of Stratospheric Polar Vortex Variability
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Mitchell Daniel M. , Seviour William J. M. , Wright Corwin J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can have major impact on surface wintertime weather, especially at mid‐high latitudes. We do not yet have a complete understanding of why some of these events influence our weather more than others, but one factor may be the dynamical nature of the SSW; whether it involves a split or a displacement of the polar vortex, and one way to explore this is through comprehensive climate models. Here, we analyze the stratospheric dynamics of SSWs within models from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). All CMIP6 models simulate SSWs to some degree, although we find a persistent bias in the relative underrepresentation of split vortex events. When comparing with CMIP5 models, large biases persist despite significant model improvements in resolution and in representing atmospheric processes. We show that the simulated displacement frequency is strongly related to climatological lower stratospheric eddy heat flux. The split frequency, on the other hand, is not related to lower stratospheric eddy heat flux, but is strongly related to both the vortex geometry (aspect ratio) and lower stratospheric zonal winds. This suggests that those models with a large positive bias in zonal winds may inhibit the propagation of zonal wavenumber 2 planetary waves from the troposphere, which are associated with split events. Our results suggest how future model development may address these longstanding biases.
Hepcidin contributes to Swedish mutant APP-induced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss
Authors: Guo Hao-Han , Xiong Lei , Pan Jin-Xiu , Lee Daehoon , Liu Kevin , Ren Xiao , Wang Bo , Yang Xiao , Cui Shun , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often have lower bone mass than healthy individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying this change remain elusive. Previously, we found that Tg2576 mice, an AD animal model that ubiquitously expresses Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe), shows osteoporotic changes, reduced bone formation, and increased bone resorption. To understand how bone deficits develop in Tg2576 mice, we used a multiplex antibody array to screen for serum proteins that are altered in Tg2576 mice and identified hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis. We further investigated hepcidin’s function in bone homeostasis and found that hepcidin levels were increased not only in the serum but also in the liver, muscle, and osteoblast (OB) lineage cells in Tg2576 mice at both the mRNA and protein levels. We then generated mice selectively expressing hepcidin in hepatocytes or OB lineage cells, which showed trabecular bone loss and increased osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. Further cell studies suggested that hepcidin increased OC precursor proliferation and differentiation by downregulating ferroportin (FPN) expression and increasing intracellular iron levels. In OB lineage cells, APPswe enhanced hepcidin expression by inducing ER stress and increasing OC formation, in part through hepcidin. Together, these results suggest that increased hepcidin expression in hepatocytes and OB lineage cells in Tg2576 mice contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss, identifying the hepcidin-FPN-iron axis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AD-associated bone loss.
RNA m6A modification orchestrates a LINE-1–host interaction that facilitates retrotransposition and contributes to long gene vulnerability
Authors: Xiong Feng , Wang Ruoyu , Lee Joo-Hyung , Li Shenglan , Chen Shin-Fu , Liao Zian , Hasani Lana Al , Nguyen Phuoc T. , Zhu Xiaoyu , Krakowiak Joanna , Lee Dung-Fang , Han Leng , Tsai Kuang-Lei , Liu Ying , Li Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe molecular basis underlying the interaction between retrotransposable elements (RTEs) and the human genome remains poorly understood. Here, we profiled N6-methyladenosine (m6A) deposition on nascent RNAs in human cells by developing a new method MINT-Seq, which revealed that many classes of RTE RNAs, particularly intronic LINE-1s (L1s), are strongly methylated. These m6A-marked intronic L1s (MILs) are evolutionarily young, sense-oriented to hosting genes, and are bound by a dozen RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that are putative novel readers of m6A-modified RNAs, including a nuclear matrix protein SAFB. Notably, m6A positively controls the expression of both autonomous L1s and co-transcribed L1 relics, promoting L1 retrotransposition. We showed that MILs preferentially reside in long genes with critical roles in DNA damage repair and sometimes in L1 suppression per se, where they act as transcriptional “roadblocks” to impede the hosting gene expression, revealing a novel host-weakening strategy by the L1s. In counteraction, the host uses the SAFB reader complex to bind m6A-L1s to reduce their levels, and to safeguard hosting gene transcription. Remarkably, our analysis identified thousands of MILs in multiple human fetal tissues, enlisting them as a novel category of cell-type-specific regulatory elements that often compromise transcription of long genes and confer their vulnerability in neurodevelopmental disorders. We propose that this m6A-orchestrated L1–host interaction plays widespread roles in gene regulation, genome integrity, human development and diseases.
Updating salamander datasets with phenotypic and stomach content information for two mainland Speleomantes
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Cianferoni Fabio , Giachello Simone , Zhao Yahui , Manenti Raoul , Corti Claudia , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEuropean plethodontid salamanders (genus Speleomantes; formerly Hydromantes) are a group of eight strictly protected amphibian species which are sensitive to human-induced environmental changes. Long-term monitoring is highly recommended to evaluate their status and to assess potential threats. Here we used two low-impact methodologies to build up a large dataset on two mainland Speleomantes species (S. strinatii and S. ambrosii), which represents an update to two previously published datasets, but also includes several new populations. Specifically, we provide a set of 851 high quality images and a table gathering stomach contents recognized from 560 salamanders. This dataset offers the opportunity to analyse phenotypic traits and stomach contents of eight populations belonging to two Speleomantes species. Furthermore, the data collection performed over different periods allows to expand the potential analyses through a wide temporal scale, allowing long-term studies.
Prognostic significance of bone marrow and spleen 18F-FDG uptake in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Lee Jae-Hoon , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Soyoung , Park Eun Jung , Baik Seung Hyuk , Jeon Tae Joo , Lee Kang Young , Ryu Young Hoon , Kang Jeonghyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSerum inflammatory markers are used in the prognostication of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the corresponding role of positron emission tomography (PET)-derived inflammatory markers remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the bone marrow and spleen of patients with CRC and evaluate the relationship between FDG uptake estimates in these organs and serum inflammatory markers. In total, 411 patients who underwent preoperative FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) within 1 month of surgery were enrolled. The mean standardized uptake values of the bone marrow and spleen were normalized to the value of the liver, thereby generating bone marrow-to-liver uptake ratio (BLR) and spleen-to-liver uptake ratio (SLR) estimates. The value of BLR and SLR in predicting overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The correlation between BLR or SLR and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated. The predictive accuracy of BLR alone and in combination with SLR was compared using the integrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (iAUC). In the univariate analysis, BLR (> 1.06) and SLR (> 0.93) were significant predictors of OS. In the multivariate analysis, BLR was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio = 5.279; p < 0.001). Both BLR and SLR were correlated with NLR (p < 0.001). A combination of BLR and SLR was better than BLR alone at CRC prognostication (iAUC, 0.561 vs. 0.542). FDG uptake estimates in the bone marrow and spleen may be useful imaging-derived biomarkers of systemic inflammation, supporting CRC prognostication.
Numerical analysis for thermal–hydraulic characteristics and the laminar two-phase nanofluid flow inside a tube equipped with helically twisted tapes as swirl and turbulence promoters
Authors: Kalani Iman , Toghraie Davood 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the numerical simulation of heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a pipe equipped with helically twisted tapes is investigated. The volume fraction of nanoparticles in this study is equal to 0, 1, 2, and 3%, and a two-phase mixture method has been used to simulate the nanofluids. The flow regime is laminar in the present study, and Reynolds numbers are Re = 250, 500, 750, and 1000. The helical twisted tapes are in three different types, single, double, and triple. The same heat flux 5000Wm-2 is applied to the walls. The simulation results showed that increasing the Re increases the Nusselt number and decreasing the friction factor. Nusselt number in case 1 and volume fraction of nanoparticles 0% for Re = 250, 500, 750 and 1000 are equal to 95.8, 57.11, 56.13 and 22.15, respectively. The average friction factor is equal to 0.18, 0.09, 0.07, and 0.05. The presence of helical twisted tapes increases the $${\text{Nu}}_{ave}$$

Nu

ave

. The friction factor due to secondary flows and increases the contact of the fluid and the solid surface, so that the Nusselt number in volume fraction of nanoparticles 0%, Re = 250 for case 1, case 2, case 3, and case 4 are 95.8, 46.10, 58.11, and 51.12, respectively, and the friction factor are 18.0, 29.0, 0.38 and 0.48, respectively.