bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PdII Dispersed on Magnetic Partially Reduced GO/OMWCNT Non‐Covalently Modified with a Vic‐Dioxime: An Efficient and Magnetically Retrievable Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Shariatipour Monire , Heydari Akbar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a novel and magnetically separable Pd−catalyst system was designed using the immobilization of PdII on Phendioxime(PDO)‐functionalized magnetic partially reduced (GO‐OMWCNT) composite (MPR (GO‐OMWCNT)/PDO/PdII). In the as‐obtained nanocomposites, the incorporation of 1D OMWCNTs and 2D graphene oxide can form a versatile 3D network with high specific surface area and synergic properties. Moreover, non‐ covalent phendioxime functionalization provides highly effective functional groups on the surface of MPR (GO‐OMWCNT) for PdII. Non‐covalent interaction carries out through π‐π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions .The catalytic activity of this nanocomposite was examined in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. MPR (GO‐OMWCNT)/PDO/PdII composite exhibited good catalytic efficiency and obtained the products in good to excellent yield under mild aerobic conditions. Moreover, the suggested catalyst could be easily recovered magnetically and used for at least six runs without a noticeable decrease in its catalytic activity.
A Local Analgesic, Lidocaine, Did Not Affect Short‐Term Welfare during Electroanesthesia of a Teleost Fish
Authors: Reid Connor H. , Abrams Alice E. I. , Zolderdo Aaron J. , Midwood Jonathan D. , Don Stevens E. , Moon Thomas W. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, fisheries research has benefited from the use of various forms of electroimmobilization to facilitate fish handling through rapid induction and recovery times, capacity to allow immediate release, and other advantages not shared by pharmaceuticals. However, as electroimmobilization becomes increasingly prevalent, it is expected that animal care committees may require electroimmobilized fish to also receive chemical anesthetics or analgesics. We experimentally investigated whether the administration of lidocaine (a local analgesic at ~ 1 mg/kg body mass) to electroanesthetized fish resulted in any welfare‐relevant differences in the behavior and physiology of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides during and after standardized intracoelomic tag implantation surgeries relative to a group that received a saline sham. We also used multiple control treatments to examine potential behavioral and physiological effects of handling, electroanesthesia, surgery, and the drug administration process. We quantified voluntary movements on the surgery table, ventilation rates after surgery, reflexes, and emergence/exploration in a behavioral arena. Primary and secondary stress biomarkers also were used to evaluate physiological stress over a 2‐h period postsurgery. The administration of lidocaine at the tested dose did not facilitate fish handling during surgery and did not affect changes in the physiological stress response relative to the saline control. Swimming activity postsurgery was lower in fish treated with lidocaine; however, other differences in behavior were negligible. Electroanesthesia alone was able to sufficiently facilitate the surgical procedures by limiting voluntary escape attempts without significantly exacerbating physiological stress from handling. There does not appear to be any advantage to adding lidocaine to the protocol.
First‐trimester diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal primary infection in early pregnancy: feasibility study of viral genome amplification by PCR on chorionic villi obtained by CVS
Authors: Faure‐Bardon V. , Fourgeaud J. , Guilleminot T. , Magny J.‐F. , Salomon L. J. , Bernard J.‐P. , Leruez‐Ville M. , Ville Y. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of amplification of the viral genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of trophoblast samples obtained by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in cases of maternal primary infection (MPI) with cytomegalovirus (CMV) in early pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective study carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Hopital Necker‐E.M., between October 2019 and October 2020. Following CMV serology screening in early pregnancy, CVS was offered to women at 11–14 weeks' gestation after CMV‐MPI ≤ 10 weeks. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization and amplification of the viral genome by PCR were performed on the trophoblasts obtained by CVS. All cases also underwent amniocentesis from 17 weeks onwards and PCR was performed on the amniotic fluid. Secondary prevention with valacyclovir was initiated as soon as MPI was diagnosed, to decrease the risk of vertical transmission. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of CMV‐PCR of trophoblast obtained by CVS, using as the reference standard PCR of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis.ResultsCVS was performed in 37 pregnancies, at a median (range) gestational age of 12.7 (11.3–14.4) weeks. CMV‐PCR in chorionic villi was positive in three and negative in 34 cases. CMV‐PCR following amniocentesis, performed at a median (range) gestational age of 17.6 (16.7–29.9) weeks, was positive for the three cases which were positive following CVS and, of the 34 patients with a negative finding following CVS, amniocentesis was negative in 31 and positive in three. The sensitivity of CMV‐PCR analysis of trophoblast obtained by CVS for the diagnosis of CMV, using as the reference standard PCR analysis of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis, was 50% (95% CI, 19–81%), specificity was 100% (95% CI, 89–100%), positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 44–100%) and negative predictive value was 91% (95% CI, 77–97%).ConclusionsDiagnosis of placental infection following MPI in early pregnancy can be achieved by PCR amplification of the CMV genome in chorionic villi. We propose that negative CMV‐PCR in the trophoblast after 12 weeks could be used to exclude CMV‐related embryopathy leading to sequelae. However, this needs to be confirmed through long‐term follow‐up evaluation. These findings could help to establish CVS as the diagnostic test of choice following maternal serology screening in early pregnancy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Super-Hawking radiation
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Z. , Heissenberg Carlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe discuss modifications to the Hawking spectrum that arise when the asymptotic states are supertranslated or superrotated. For supertranslations we find nontrivial off-diagonal phases in the two-point correlator although the emission spectrum is eventually left unchanged, as previously pointed out in the literature. In contrast, superrotations give rise to modifications which manifest themselves in the emission spectrum and depend nontrivially on the associated conformal factor at future null infinity. We study Lorentz boosts and a class of superrotations whose conformal factors do not depend on the azimuthal angle on the celestial sphere and whose singularities at the north and south poles have been associated to the presence of a cosmic string. In spite of such singularities, superrotations still lead to finite spectral emission rates of particles and energy which display a distinctive power-law behavior at high frequencies for each angular momentum state. The integrated particle emission rate and emitted power, on the contrary, while finite for boosts, do exhibit ultraviolet divergences for superrotations, between logarithmic and quadratic. Such divergences can be ascribed to modes with support along the cosmic string. In the logarithimic case, corresponding to a superrotation which covers the sphere twice, the total power emitted still presents the Stefan-Boltzmann form but with an effective area which diverges logarithmically in the ultraviolet.
Gastrointestinal epithelial innate immunity—regionalization and organoids as new model
Authors: Kayisoglu Özge , Schlegel Nicolas , Bartfeld Sina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract is in constant contact with microbial stimuli. Its barriers have to ensure co-existence with the commensal bacteria, while enabling surveillance of intruding pathogens. At the centre of the interaction lies the epithelial layer, which marks the boundaries of the body. It is equipped with a multitude of different innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors, to mount inflammatory responses to microbes. Dysfunction of this intricate system results in inflammation-associated pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the complexity of the cellular interactions, their molecular basis and their development remains poorly understood. In recent years, stem cell–derived organoids have gained increasing attention as promising models for both development and a broad range of pathologies, including infectious diseases. In addition, organoids enable the study of epithelial innate immunity in vitro. In this review, we focus on the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and its regional organization to discuss innate immune sensing and development.
Singular orbits and Baker domains
Authors: Rempe Lasse 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that there is a transcendental meromorphic function with an invariant Baker domain U such that every singular value of f is a super-attracting periodic point. This answers a question of Bergweiler from 1993. We also show that U can be chosen to contain arbitrarily large round annuli, centred at zero, of definite modulus. This answers a question of Mihaljević and the author from 2013, and complements recent work of Barański et al concerning this question.
IL-36γ-armed oncolytic virus exerts superior efficacy through induction of potent adaptive antitumor immunity
Authors: Yang Min , Giehl Esther , Feng Chao , Feist Mathilde , Chen Hongqi , Dai Enyong , Liu Zuqiang , Ma Congrong , Ravindranathan Roshni , Bartlett David L. , Lu Binfeng , Guo Zong Sheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to apply the cytokine IL-36γto cancer immunotherapy by constructing new oncolytic vaccinia viruses (OV) expressing interleukin-36γ(IL-36γ-OVs), leveraging unique synergism between OV and IL-36γ’s ability to promote antitumor adaptive immunity and modulate tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-36γ-OV had dramatic therapeutic efficacies in multiple murine tumor models, frequently leading to complete cancer eradication in large fractions of mice. Mechanistically, IL-36-γ-armed OV induced infiltration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages, and T cell differentiation into effector cells. Further study showed that IL-36γ-OV increased the number of tumor antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells and the therapeutic efficacy depended on both CD8+and CD4+T cells. These results demonstrate that these IL36γ-armed OVs exert potent therapeutic efficacy mainly though antitumor immunity and they may hold great potential to advance treatment in human cancer patients.
Staging Paradox and Discrepancy in Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with T4N0, T1‐2N1, and T3N1 Colon Cancer
Authors: Shimizu Hiroki , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Arita Tomohiro , Kiuchi Jun , Yamamoto Yusuke , Konishi Hirotaka , Morimura Ryo , Shiozaki Atsushi , Ikoma Hisashi , Kubota Takeshi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundA survival paradox between T4N0 (stage IIB/C) and T3N1 (stage IIIB) colon cancer has been rarely reported. The indication and regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy are separately described in the guidelines. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic factors and investigate proper adjuvant treatment in colon cancer patients at these stages.MethodsPatients who underwent R0 resection for pathological T4N0 (n = 49), T1‐2N1 (n = 31), or T3N1 (n = 82) colon cancer between 2008 and 2016 at a single institute were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics, status of adjuvant chemotherapy, and oncologic outcomes of patients with T4N0 tumors were compared with those of patients with T1‐2N1 and T3N1 tumors.ResultsThe biological characteristics of T4N0 tumors were more aggressive compared with the characteristics of T1‐2N1 tumors and were similar to those of T3N1 tumors. The usage rate of oxaliplatin as an adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower in T4N0 patients than in T1‐2N1 and T3N1 patients. The rate of local recurrence was the highest in patients with T4N0 tumors, and the survival outcomes for patients with T4N0 tumors were significantly worse compared with those of T1‐2N1 patients and were similar to those of T3N1 patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that lack of adequate use of oxaliplatin for adjuvant chemotherapy was the only prognostic factor.ConclusionsT4N0 colon cancer had similar oncological characteristics and survival outcomes to T3N1 colon cancer. Systematic adjuvant chemotherapy, including oxaliplatin, should be incorporated into the therapy for T4N0 patients as well as T3N1 patients.
Models for the difference of continuous covariance functions
Authors: Posa Donato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA linear combination, with negative weights, of two continuous covariance functions has been analyzed by a few authors just for special cases and only in the real domain. However, a covariance is a complex valued function: for this reason, the general problem concerning the difference of two covariance functions in the complex domain needs to be analyzed, while it does not yet seem to have been addressed in the literature; hence, exploring the conditions such that the difference of two covariance functions is again a covariance function can be considered a further property. Therefore, this paper yields a contribution to the theory of correlation, hence the results cannot be restricted to the particular field of application. Starting from the difference of two complex covariance functions defined in one dimensional Euclidean space, wide families of models for the difference of two complex covariance functions can be built in any dimensional space, utilizing some well known properties. In particular, the difference of two real covariance functions has been considered; moreover, the difference between some special isotropic covariance functions has also been analyzed. A detailed analysis of the parameters of the models involved has been proposed; this kind of analysis opens a gate for modeling, in any dimensional space, the correlation structure of a peculiar class of complex valued random fields, as well as the subset of real valued random fields. Some relevant hints about how to construct the subset of real covariance functions characterized by negative values have also been given.
Analysing the Feasibility of a Full-face Cutting Machine for the Robominers Project
Authors: Narimani Dehnavi Roohollah , Berner Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral methods of excavation have previously been studied to choose the most suitable approach to be applied in the Robominers project. Compared to drilling and blasting and partial-face cutting, the full-face cutting option is regarded as one of the methods which can offer, among others, high advance rates and a safer working environment for the machinery. Current technologies of these methods, however, suffer from several limitations, such as the inability to bore very hard rocks, significant lack of geometrical flexibility in mine working areas, and low mobility due to large and heavy components. In this study, two of the most commonly applied small diameter full-face machines including the pipe jacking and the Boxhole Boring Machine (BBM) are studied with regards to their performance parameters. The pipe jacking machine option with a cutterhead consisting of disc cutters exhibits higher efficiency in excavation with only slightly lower production rates compared to a BBM with strawberry cutters. They are also much lighter machines. Yet, using the jacking concept means a limited driving length and does not apply to the Robominers. Therefore, the introduction of small gripper or shielded Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) can significantly improve the mobility. Their application, however, requires considering the risks of jamming in difficult ground conditions and the possible requirements of a support installation. These rock mechanics issues need to be carefully considered in the design of such machines. In addition, further studies are required to employ assisted cutting methods in very hard rocks and to increase the geometrical flexibility of these machines by lowering their turning radius.
Development of a visual tool to assess six dimensions of health and its validation in patients with endocrine disorders
Authors: Fazekas Christian , Linder Dennis , Matzer Franziska , Vajda Christian , Avian Alexander , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Trummer Christian , Došen Julia , Rokvic Jelena , Mohl Marco , Pilz Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Background
Psychosocial factors significantly influence patient care in many fields of medicine, among these in the field of endocrinology. Easily applicable validated assessment tools for such psychosocial factors are lacking. Visual instruments may facilitate doctor-patient communication. This study describes the development and validation of a multidimensional visual tool for the self-assessment of health.

Methods
An expert panel performed the multistep development of the psychosomatic assessment health disc (PAHD). Assessment of face validity was performed by means of a focus group of medical doctors (n = 6) and patient interviews (n = 24). For determining test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity, patients of an endocrine outpatient clinic in Graz, Austria, completed the PAHD and the following questionnaires: short-form 36 health survey, work ability index, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the social life scales of the life satisfaction questionnaire.

Results
A numeric six-item analogue scale was developed in the form of a disc. It addresses the following aspects of health: physical well-being, social life, sexuality, mental well-being, sleep, working ability/performance. For the validation process, 177 patients (57.1% females) participated in the study. Correlation coefficients of the six items with other questionnaires ranged between r = 0.51 (social life) and r = 0.72 (sleep). Test-retest reliability was assessed among 98 patients and was ≥ 0.74 for all 6 items, while Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78.

Conclusion
The psychometric properties of the PAHD support its use in clinical encounters with patients suffering from endocrine disorders. Further validation studies may be required to extend its application to other fields of medicine.
Stereotactic biopsies of brainstem lesions: which approach?
Authors: Jaradat Amer , Nowacki Andreas , Fichtner Jens , Schlaeppi Janine-Ai , Pollo Claudio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Stereotactic biopsies for brainstem lesions are frequently performed to yield an accurate diagnosis and help guide subsequent management. In this study, we summarize our experience with different stereotactic approaches to brainstem lesions of different locations and discuss possible implications for safety and diagnostic yield.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 23 adult patients who underwent a stereotactic biopsy for brainstem lesions between October 2011 and December 2019. Depending on the location supra- or infratentorial, trajectories were planned. We assessed the postoperative complications during the hospital stay as well as the diagnostic yield.

Results
A supratentorial transfrontal approach was used in 16 (70%) cases, predominantly for lesions in the midbrain, upper pons, and medulla oblongata. An infratentorial, transcerebellar-transpeduncular approach was used in 7 (30%) cases mainly for lesions within the lower pons. All biopsies were confirmed to represent pathological tissue and a definitive diagnosis was achieved in 21 cases (91%). Three patients (13%) had transient weakness in the contralateral part of the body in the immediate postoperative period, which improved spontaneously. There was no permanent morbidity or mortality in this series of patients.

Conclusion
Lesions of various locations within the brainstem can be successfully targeted via either a supratentorial transfrontal or an infratentorial transcerebellar transpeduncular approach. Our high diagnostic yield of over 90% and the low rate of complications underlines the diagnostic importance of this procedure in order to guide the medical management of these patients.
A GRL-compliant iStar extension for collaborative cyber-physical systems
Authors: Daun Marian , Brings Jennifer , Krajinski Lisa , Stenkova Viktoria , Bandyszak Torsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCollaborative cyber-physical systems are capable of forming networks at runtime to achieve goals that are unachievable for individual systems. They do so by connecting to each other and exchanging information that helps them coordinate their behaviors to achieve shared goals. Their highly complex dependencies, however, are difficult to document using traditional goal modeling approaches. To help developers of collaborative cyber-physical systems leverage the advantages of goal modeling approaches, we developed a GRL-compliant extension to the popular iStar goal modeling language that takes the particularities of collaborative cyber-physical systems and their developers’ needs into account. In particular, our extension provides support for explicitly distinguishing between the goals of the individual collaborative cyber-physical systems and the network and for documenting various dependencies not only among the individual collaborative cyber-physical systems but also between the individual systems and the network. We provide abstract syntax, concrete syntax, and well-formedness rules for the extension. To illustrate the benefits of our extension for goal modeling of collaborative cyber-physical systems, we report on two case studies conducted in different industry domains.
The impact of the size of bone substitute granules on macrophage and osteoblast behaviors in vitro
Authors: Fujioka-Kobayashi Masako , Katagiri Hiroki , Kono Michihide , Schaller Benoit , Iizuka Tateyuki , Safi Ali-Farid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
Bone substitute (BS) size might influence the clinical outcomes of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of BS size on macrophage (Mφ) and osteoblast behaviors in vitro.

Materials and methods
Two different granule sizes (S and M/L) were assessed for four different commercial BSs: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), biphasic calcium phosphate type 1 (BCP1), BCP type 2 (BCP2), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap). The BSs were compared for their impacts on the cell viability and differentiation potential of THP-1-derived Mφs and human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells.

Results
The smaller granules showed higher material volumes and surface areas than the larger granules. Significantly higher viability of Mφs and Saos-2 cells was observed with the DBBM_L-size granules than with the DBBM_S-size granules. Gene expression experiments in Mφs revealed few differences between the two sizes of each BS, although higher CD206 mRNA levels were observed in the BCP1_L group and the CO3Ap_M group than in the respective S-size groups on day 1. Only DBBM showed significantly higher mRNA levels of osteogenic markers, including Runx2 and osteocalcin, in Saos-2 cells in the S-size group than in the L-size group.

Conclusions
The S-size and L-size DBBM granules exhibited clear differences in cell outcomes: cells cultured on the S-size granules exhibited lower cell viability, higher osteopromotive ability, and no noticeable Mφ polarization changes.

Clinical relevance
A smaller granule size might be advantageous due to greater bone regeneration potential in the use of DBBM granules to treat defects.