bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Twins Case of Lissencephaly With GPR56 Compound Heterozygous Mutations and Literatures Review
Authors: Lin Wenxin , Chai Yingying , Zhang Xia , Huang Tingting , Zheng Guo , Zhang Gang , Peng Fang , Huang Yanjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lissencephaly (LIS) is a malformation of cortical development characterized by developmental delay and seizure in combination with wide gyrus, superficial sulcus, and thickened cortex. Up to date, 20 genes have been implicated in LIS. However, GRP56-related LIS has never been reported, which was considered one causative gene for bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria(BFPP). Methods: Genetic testing of the proband was performed by whole exome sequencing and mainly analyzed 662 genes related to brain hypoplasia, white matter abnormalities, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis abnormalities such us AAAS, AARS2, ABAT, ABCC8, etc.. And the candidate mutations were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Though we did genetic testing on the twin sisters and their parents, we could only obtain the clinical data of the older sister.Results: We reported a case of LIS twins, form a nonconsanguineous family, both carried the novel compound heterozygous GPR56 mutations, p.F76fs and p.H607fs.The older sister manifested lissencephaly, seizures, and flathead deformity and the younger sister had lissencephaly. We summarized their clinical characteristics and reviewed all the literatures of LIS and GPR56 to further clarify the correlation between genotype and phenotype.Conclusion: The LIS twins with GPR56 mutations were the first reported. By reviewing the clinical manifestations of LIS and GPR56 mutations, we validated the association between them, and broaden the clinical manifestations of GPR56 related phenotypes, indicating the importance of GPR56 screening in LIS patients.
Etoposide as an Effective Drug for Adult Macrophage Activation Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: He Lingbo , Jin Zhili , Liu Menghan , Cui Tingting , Wu Lin , Wang Zhao , Wang Yini 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAutoimmune disease related hemophagocytic syndrome, in other words, macrophage activation syndrome(MAS), is a rare, but lethal complication of autoimmune disease. At present, specific treatment guidelines for adult MAS have not been formulated, most experience are derived from children, researches about etoposide are scarce. As the importance of etoposide in the initial treatment had been proved in other subtypes of hemophagocytic syndrome, the objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of etoposide in the treatment of the adult macrophage activation syndrome.Result74 patients with autoimmune disease related hemophagocytic syndrome were involved in this study, they were divided into two groups based on initial treatment, group 1(n=53): initial therapy did not contain etoposide, group 2(n=21): initial therapy contained etoposide. The overall response rate and complete response rate of group 2 were significantly higher than group 1(ORR 90.5% vs 24.5%, CRR 33.3% vs 3.8%, P<0.05). Patients with different HLH remission states have significantly different prognosis(P<0.001).ConclusionAdopting VP-16 in initial treatment can significantly increase the OR rate and CR rate of adult MAS patients, and the HLH states influenced the prognosis significantly.
Characteristics and Clinical Course of Adult in-Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Galindo Javier Leonardo , Lutz Juan Ricardo , Izquierdo María Alejandra , Parra Katherine , Prieto Lina María , Carrillo Jorge Alberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide causing a crisis in healthcare systems. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and to explore risk factors of death, critical care admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were extracted from electronic records. Univariate and multivariable methods were performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and clinical outcomes at 28 days of follow-up.Results: Between March 20 and June 30, 2020, 377 adults (56.8% male) were included in the study, of whom 85 (22.6%) died. Non-survivors were older on average than survivors (mean age, 56.7 years [SD 15.8] vs. 70.1 years [SD 13.9]) and more likely male (28 [32.9%] vs. 57 [67.1%]). Most patients had at least one underlying disease (333 [88.3%]), including arterial hypertension (149 [39.5%]), overweight (145 [38.5%]), obesity (114 [30.2%]) and diabetes mellitus (82 [21.8%]). Frequency of critical care admission (158 [41.9%]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (123 [32.6%]) was high. Age over 65 years (OR 9.26, 95% CI 3.29-26.01; p=0.00), ICU admission (OR 12.37, 95% CI 6.08-25.18; p=0.00), and arterial pH higher than 7.47 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.74; p=0.01) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: In this study of in-hospital patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia frequency of death was similar to what has been reported. ICU admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation was high. Risk factors as older age, ICU admission, and arterial pH were associated with mortality.
Characteristics and Clinical Course of Adult in-Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Galindo Javier Leonardo , Lutz Juan Ricardo , Izquierdo María Alejandra , Parra Katherine , Prieto Lina María , Carrillo Jorge Alberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide causing a crisis in healthcare systems. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and to explore risk factors of death, critical care admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic records. Univariate and multivariable methods were performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and clinical outcomes at 28 days of follow-up.Results: Between March 20 and June 30, 2020, 377 adults (56.8% male) were included in the study, of whom 85 (22.6%) died. Non-survivors were older on average than survivors (mean age, 56.7 years [SD 15.8] vs. 70.1 years [SD 13.9]) and more likely male (28 [32.9%] vs. 57 [67.1%]). Most patients had at least one underlying disease (333 [88.3%]), including arterial hypertension (149 [39.5%]), overweight (145 [38.5%]) and obesity (114 [30.2%]). Critical care admission (158 [41.9%]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (123 [32.6%]) was high. Age over 65 years (OR 9.26, 95% CI 3.29-26.01; p=0.00), ICU admission (OR 12.37, 95% CI 6.08-25.18; p=0.00), and arterial pH higher than 7.47 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.74; p=0.01) were associated with in-hospital mortality.Conclusions: In this study of in-hospital patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia frequency of death was similar to what has been reported. ICU admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation was high. Risk factors as older age, ICU admission, and arterial pH were associated with mortality.
Risk factors for persistent abnormality on chest radiographs at 12-weeks post hospitalisation with PCR confirmed COVID-19
Authors: Wallis Tim JM , Heiden Emily , Horno Jose , Welham Ben , Burke Hannah , Freeman Anna , Dexter Lee , Fazleen Aishath , Kong Alex , McQuitty Christopher , Watson Mark , Poole Stephen , Brendish Nathan J , Clark Tristan W , Wilkinson Thomas MA , Jones Mark G , Marshall Ben G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain unclear. There is concern a proportion of patients will progress to develop pulmonary fibrosis. We aimed to assess the temporal change in CXR infiltrates in a cohort of patients following hospitalisation for COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted a single-centre prospective cohort study of patients admitted to University Hospital Southampton with confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection between 20th March – 3rd June 2020. Patients were approached for standard-of-care follow-up 12-weeks after hospitalisation. Inpatient and follow-up CXRs were scored by the assessing clinician for extent of pulmonary infiltrates; 0-4 per lung (Nil=0, <25%=1, 25-50%=2, 51-75%=3, >75%=4). Results 101 patients with paired CXRs were included. Demographics: 53% male with a median (IQR) age 53.0 (45-63) years and length of stay 9 (5-17.5) days. The median CXR follow-up interval was 82 (77-86) days with median baseline and follow-up CXR scores of 4.0 (3-5) and 0.0 (0-1) respectively. 32% of patients had persistent CXR abnormality at 12-weeks. In multivariate analysis length of stay (LOS), smoking-status and obesity were identified as independent risk factors for persistent CXR abnormality. Serum LDH was significantly higher at baseline and at follow-up in patients with CXR abnormalities compared to those with resolution. A 5-point composite risk score (1-point each; LOS≥15 days, Level 2/3 admission, LDH>750 U/L, obesity and smoking-status) strongly predicted risk of persistent radiograph abnormality (0.81).ConclusionPersistent CXR abnormality 12-weeks post COVID-19 was common in this cohort. LOS, obesity, increased serum LDH, and smoking-status were risk factors for radiograph abnormality. These findings require further prospective validation.
Development and Validation of Teacher and Student Questionnaires Measuring Inhibitors of Curriculum Viability
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed , Spruijt Annemarie , Mahboob Usman , Eraky Mohamed Al , Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCurriculum viability is determined by the degree to which quality standards have or have not been met, and by the inhibitors that affect attainment of those standards. The literature reports many ways to evaluate whether a curriculum reaches its quality standards, but less attention is paid to the identification of viability inhibitors in different areas of the curriculum that hamper the attainment of quality. The purpose of this study is to develop and establish the reliability and validity of questionnaires that measure the presence of inhibitors in an undergraduate medical curriculum. MethodsTeacher and student questionnaires developed by the authors were sent to medical educationalists for qualitative expert validation and to establish their content validity. To establish the response process validity, cognitive interviews were held with teachers and students to clarify any confusion about the meaning of items in the questionnaires. Reliability and construct validity of the questionnaires were established by responses from 575 teachers and 247 final-year medical students.Results Qualitative expert validation was provided by 21 experts. The initial teacher and student questionnaires containing respectively 62 items to measure 12 theoretical constructs, and 28 items to measure 7 constructs, were modified to improve their clarity and relevance. The overall scale validity index for the questionnaires was, in order, .95 and .94. Following the cognitive interviews, the resultant teacher and student questionnaires were reduced to respectively 52 and 23 items. Furthermore, after the confirmatory analysis, the final version of the teacher questionnaire was reduced to 25 items to measure 6 constructs and the student questionnaire was reduced to 14 items to measure 3 constructs. Good-for-fit indices were established for the final model and Cronbach alphas of, in order, .89 and .81 were found for the teacher and student questionnaire.ConclusionThe valid and reliable curriculum viability inhibitor questionnaires for teachers and students developed in this study can be used by medical schools to identify inhibitors to achieve standards in different areas of the curriculum.
Large Rhizosphere Bacterial Diversity Exits Among Wild Progenitor Species of Modern Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp. Inter-Specific Hybrids)
Authors: Malviya Mukesh Kumar , Li Chnag-Ning , Solanki Manoj Kumar , Lakshmanan Prakash , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Verma Krishan K , Singh Pratiksha , sharma Anjney , Song Qi-Qi , Nong Qian , Song Xiu-Peng , Li Yang-Rui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRhizosphere is rich in highly diverse and complex microbial communities. Plant growth promoting rhizpbacteria and diazotrops are played crucial role in plant growth and development. In this study, rhizosphere soils were collected from five wild Saccharum species- S. officinarum L. cv Badila (BRS), S. barberi Jesw. cv Pansahi (PRS), S. robustum (RRS), S. spontaneum (SRS), and S. sinense Roxb. cv Uba (URS) for studied of rhizosphere and diazotroph bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA and nifH gene amplification and sequencing.ResultsWe detected a total of 6202 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) specific to the bacterial communities from all species combined. Out of the 107 bacterial communities detected among all samples, we found a core microbiome of 31 rhizobacterial families spread across all the species analyzed. A total of 1099 OTUs were identified for diazotrophs with a core microbiome of 9 families distributed among all the sugarcane species. The core microbiomes were distributed across twenty genera-Bradyrhizobium, Dechloromonas, Desulfovibrio, Stenotrophomonas, Xanthobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudoacidovorax, Methylobacterium, Azoarcus, Paenibacillus, Ideonella, Beijerinckia, Paraburkholderia, Burkholderia, Ruficoccus, Geobacter, Sinorhizobium, Kosakonia, and Azotobacter. ConclusionThe results presented here advance our understanding of rhizosphere associated bacterial diversity among genetically closely related wild species and provide a knowledge base for studying the evolution of rhizobacteria-host plant association during crop domestication.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Women With Abortion at Mulago Hospital, Kampala City, Uganda
Authors: TABULEY JACKSON JOSEPH , Katusiime Nekemiah , Kakaire Othman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem causing ill health among women especially of reproductive age. Its global prevalence is estimated to be 30-71%. The prevalence is higher among African and Asian populations compared to American and European populations. In Uganda, the prevalence of IPV among women with abortion was 56.4% in 2005. Since then, the Domestic Violence Act was enacted in 2010; sexual and gender based violence desks initiated in hospitals and a number of agencies working to prevent violence against women have sprung up. The objective of this study was to determine the current prevalence and factors associated with IPV among women with abortion at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala city.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted over 4 months on 480 women. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA 13.0. Those variables with a p-value ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant at multi-variate analysis.Results: The prevalence of IPV among women with abortion was 71.3%. The factors that were significantly associated with intimate partner violence were: being divorced/widowed/separated (aOR 8.7, CI 1.1997-38.268, and p-value= 0.004), being never married (aOR 5.5, CI 2.700-11.138, and p-value <0.001), number of children (aOR 1.2, CI 1.053-1.411 and p-value =0.008) and witnessing abuse as an adult (aOR 6.1, CI 2.678-13.727, and p-value <0.001).Conclusion: This study has shown that the prevalence of IPV among women with abortion is still high despite interventions. More concerted effort needs to be directed toward improving contraceptive services, marriage and family support systems and community awareness on the effects of IPV on women and society.
Causative Factors in Using Medicinal Plants among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Salahshouri Arash , Namiranian Nasim , Aradakani Mojtaba Fattahi , Khodaei Seyed-Ali , Sotoudeh Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a global problem, and most of people suffering from it are faced with problems caused by it. The use of medicinal plants is increasing among type 2 diabetic patients. Reasons and factors leading to the use of these plants have not yet been fully known. Thus, the present study aims to identify experiences of patients who use medicinal plants to discover factors determining the use of them.The present qualitative study was conducted using a content analysis approach.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2020 in Yazd City located in Central Iran. The data were collected by conducting in-depth unstructured interviews with 16 type 2 diabetic patients. Convenience sampling was used for selecting participants. In addition, data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously. To extract categories and themes, the thematic analysis method was employed using MAXQDA 10. The COREQ (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research) checklist was employed to ensure the method of conducting the study.Results: Data analysis showed that factors determining the use of medicinal plants fell into six categories. These categories included beliefs about medicinal plants, psychological factors, accessibility and economic barriers, patients' knowledge and awareness, pressure imposed by the society, and the role of family culture.Conclusion: It is essential to promote patients’ information and skills of the proper use of medicinal plants. For this purpose, it is recommended to provide proper counselling and referrals to specialists. Moreover, strengthening pharmaceutical infrastructures of drug storage and distribution in deprived areas could play a significant role in facilitating patient access to common drugs and preventing the use of medicinal plants.
Factors Affecting Implementation and Pass Rates of Moistening Surgical Instruments
Authors: Huang Yongdeng , Hu Juan , Chen Yanhua , Pan Wei , Hu Ruixue , Yi Liangying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Under influences of count, handover, transport and other procedures, surgical instruments might not be cleaned immediately after use, and they were not kept moist before cleaning, which allowed contaminants to dry on the instruments and become difficult to remove. Therefore, surgical instruments should be kept moist immediately after use. However, implementation and pass rates of moistening surgical instruments have been rarely studied. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting implementation and pass rates of moistening surgical instruments.Methods: We carried out on-site investigations for keeping surgical instruments moist at the 22 clinical departments using reusable surgical instruments in August 2019 in the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. During the investigations, the survey utilising an interviewer-administrated questionnaire was conducted among nurses and workers from the 22 clinical departments. Data about implementation and pass rates of moistening surgical instruments was analysed in SPSS20.0.Results: Implementation and pass rates of moistening surgical instruments were 57.49% and 31.98%, respectively. Factor analysis showed that implementation rates of moistening were affected by instrument structure (χ2 = 143.670; P = 0.001), the number of instruments inside the pack (χ2 = 140.135; P = 0.001), and the person responsible for keeping surgical instruments moist (χ2 = 8.052; P = 0.005). Correlation analysis showed that instrument structure and the number of instruments inside the pack were negatively correlated with implementation rates of moistening. The more complex the structure and the greater the number of the instruments inside the pack, the lower implementation rates of moistening surgical instruments.Conclusion: Implementation and pass rates of moistening surgical instruments were low, which meant that moistening failed to meet the applicable industrial standard for central sterile supply department and there was a potential risk of hospital-acquired infection. It was necessary to provide more training about keeping surgical instruments moist for nurses and workers of the clinical departments, and regulate the procedure of keeping surgical instruments moist.
Resting heart rate is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components among Dong adults in southwest China: The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Hong Feng , Qin Zixiu , Liu Leilei , Yang Jun , Tang Xuejie , Li Xi , Zhang Jiangping , Luo Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

High resting heart rate (RHR), one abnormal manifestation of autonomic nervous system, was associated with metabolic disorders. However, the association between RHR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the link between RHR and MetS and its components.
Methods

The study included 6,589 Dong adults (1,434 patients) from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assess the association between RHR and MetS, clustered metabolic risk, and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines model was used to evaluate the dose–response relationship between RHR and MetS and its components.
Results

A positive association existed between RHR and MetS, and people in the highest RHR quartile had a higher MetS risk (OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.42–2.15]) than those in the lowest quartile. The clustered metabolic risk associated with RHR (P < 0.05). Furthermore, RHR was related to elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated triglycerides (TG), and elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest RHR quartile were 2.06 (1.75–2.43), 1.37 (1.17–1.62), and 2.53 (2.04–3.14), respectively. Similar results were found in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Also, non-linear dose-response relationship existed between RHR and MetS and elevated levels of BP, TG, and FPG (P < 0.001).
Conclusions

RHR was related to the risk of MetS and three MetS components (elevated BP, elevated TG, and elevated FPG). RHR may be a useful indicator for MetS.