bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of senior managers’ positive self-image in supporting MIS implementation
Authors: Izadpanah Mehrkish Nahid , Grant Susan B. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
Researchers have long been interested in how the psychology of senior managers affects their behaviours. This paper aims to present the results of a questionnaire into how positive self-image influences how well senior managers in UK manufacturing organisations support the implementation of management information system (MIS). This study developed two scales, one to measure senior managers’ attitudes and the other to measure support of MIS implementation. It also sought to investigate the impact of senior managers’ positive self-image on their support of MIS implementation in UK manufacturing organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors tested the hypotheses on a data set of 400 senior managers from UK manufacturing organisations. Two unidimensional scales to measure senior managers’ attitude and support level towards MIS implementation were developed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to validate the scales. The study also examined the impact of senior managers’ positive self-image on their attitude and support from the perspective of UK manufacturing organisations by using structural equation modelling.

Findings
The study found that senior managers’ positive self-image is a significant contributing factor to their attitude. Also, senior managers’ attitude has a strong positive impact on their support in the MIS implementation process. A strong mediating relationship was found to exist between senior managers’ positive self-image and support through their attitude towards MIS implementation.

Originality/value
Although past literature has examined the importance of senior managers’ attitude and support in successful MIS implementation, there has been no specific scale around management support and attitude towards MIS implementation developed to date. Thus, a contribution of this study is its development of two new scales based on a survey of senior managers of UK manufacturing organisations. The scales can be used to evaluate senior managers’ perception towards MIS implementation and the support they are willing to give whilst implementing MIS. Another contribution of this study is the analysis of positive self-image via item-parcelling which improves model efficiency and provides more stable estimates of the construct.
Phylodynamic analysis of an emergent Mycobacterium bovis outbreak in an area with no previously known wildlife infections
Authors: Rossi Gianluigi , Crispell Joseph , Brough Tanis , Lycett Samantha J. , White Piran C. L. , Allen Adrian , Ellis Richard J. , Gordon Stephen V. , Harwood Roland , Palkopoulou Eleftheria , Presho Eleanor L. , Skuce Robin , Smith Graham C. , Kao Rowland R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Understanding how emergent pathogens successfully establish themselves and persist in previously unaffected populations is a crucial problem in disease ecology, with important implications for disease management. In multi‐host pathogen systems this problem is particularly difficult, as the importance of each host species to transmission is often poorly characterised, and the disease epidemiology is complex. Opportunities to observe and analyse such emergent scenarios are few.

Here, we exploit a unique dataset combining densely collected data on the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of an outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, bTB) in a population of cattle and badgers in an area considered low risk for bTB, with no previous record of either persistent infection in cattle, or of any infection in wildlife. We analyse the outbreak dynamics using a combination of mathematical modelling, Bayesian evolutionary analyses and machine learning.

Comparison to M. bovis whole‐genome sequences from Northern Ireland confirmed this to be a pathogen single introduction from the latter region, with evolutionary analysis supporting an introduction directly into the local cattle population 6 years prior to its first discovery in badgers.

Once introduced, the evidence supports M. bovis epidemiological dynamics passing through two phases, the first dominated by cattle‐to‐cattle transmission before becoming established in the local badger population.

Synthesis and applications. The Mycobacterium bovis emergent outbreak that was the object of this study was of considerable concern because of the geographical distance from previously known high‐risk areas. Initial decisions about the outbreak control were supported by the whole‐genome sequencing data. The further analyses described here were used to estimate the time of introduction (and therefore the likely magnitude of any hidden outbreak) and the rates of cross‐species transmission, and provided valuable confirmation that the extent and focus of the imposed controls were appropriate. Not only do these findings strengthen the call for genomic surveillance, but they also pave the path for future outbreaks control, providing insights for more rapid and decisive evidence‐based decision‐making. As the methods we used and developed are agnostic to the disease itself, they are also valuable for other slowly transmitting pathogens.
Late‐onset of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A rare medical examiner case
Authors: Gitto Lorenzo , Fuller Cristine E. , Calleo Vincent J. , Tawil Michel , Thach Rasmey , Revercomb Carolyn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrnithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) is an enzyme of the urea cycle, which converts ammonia into urea in the liver cells. OTC plays a crucial role in the breakdown and removal of nitrogen in the body. OTC deficiency is a rare X‐linked recessive disorder that classically presents in early life with signs of hyperammonemia and progressive central nervous system involvement resulting in seizures, coma, and death. Sentinel presentation in adulthood is quite rare. A 29‐year‐old man developed altered mental status after receiving an epidural steroid injection 3 days earlier for back pain. He presented to the emergency department severely agitated, and his workup revealed an elevated ammonia level of 125 µmol/L. He refused admission and was discharged against medical advice. The following day, his mentation deteriorated, he developed status epilepticus, and was transported to another emergency department. He was admitted with worsening hyperammonemia (levels rising to over 700 µmol/L). His clinical condition progressive deteriorated, and he developed encephalopathy and diffuse cerebral edema. Liver function testing indicated progressive liver damage, and amino acids were detected in his blood and urine. Clinical and laboratory findings suggested undiagnosed OTC enzyme deficiency. He died 2 days after admission. An autopsy showed an 1890 g liver with diffuse yellow discoloration and softening. Histology and electron microscopy revealed findings suggestive of urea cycle disorder, such as microvesicular steatosis, apoptosis, and scattered mitosis, clusters of clear hepatocytes at the PAS stain, and mitochondria abnormalities. Genetic analysis revealed a hemizygous pathogenic variant of the OTC gene (c.622G>A). OTC deficiency should be suspected in subjects with hyperammonemic encephalopathy. If a genetic mutation is identified in the deceased, surviving family members should be screened to prevent potential life‐threatening complications.
Effects of staff grade, overcrowding and presentations on emergency department performance: A regression model
Authors: Mallows James L 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of staffing levels by experience of medical officers and overcrowding on ED key performance indicators (KPIs).MethodsPresentations to Nepean ED from 6 May to 3 November 2019 were examined. Staff were designated either Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (FACEMs), non‐FACEM senior decision‐makers (SDMs), non‐senior decision‐makers greater than 2 years postgraduate (non‐SDMs) and junior medical officers up to 2 years postgraduate (JMOs). The number of admitted patients boarded in the ED waiting for a ward bed at 8 am was used as a marker for overcrowding. Multivariable regression analysis was performed using staffing levels, number of admissions at 8 am and total presentations as the independent variables and various ED KPIs as the dependent variables.ResultsFACEM and SDM had a significant effect on most ED KPIs, with the effect of FACEM consistently larger than the effect of SDM. There was minimal effect on performance by non‐SDM and JMO staffing. There was significant effect of overcrowding as measured by the number of admitted patients in ED at 8 am on most ED KPIs. Almost no variables had an effect on Emergency Treatment Performance (4‐h target) for admitted patients, suggesting poor performance was caused by factors outside of the ED.ConclusionIncreasing numbers of FACEM and non‐FACEM SDM, but not junior staff, and a reduction in overcrowding as measured by the number of admitted patients boarded in the ED at 8 am, were associated with improvements in the ED performance.
The sternum: An important review area when reporting pre‐surgical staging breast MRI studies
Authors: Price Jeremy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIdentification and assessment of extramammary findings on contrast‐enhanced breast MRI scans is particularly important in the setting of newly diagnosed invasive cancer as metastatic lesions may be encountered in the liver, lungs, pleural cavity or bones. Establishing that stage IV disease is present has a profound effect on patient management. The sternum is routinely included on breast MRI studies and can be an early site for breast cancer metastases. These appear as enhancing lesions with high signal on fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. However, incidental benign lesions, notably haemangiomas, may also be encountered, and careful analysis is required to avoid false‐positive results. Clinical context is important with a much lower likelihood of malignancy in the setting of routine screening of young women with no personal history of breast cancer. This pictorial essay illustrates findings encountered with lesions in the sternum and offers insights into how to interpret and manage them.
Pivotal role of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery in improving survival outcome of stage I non‐small cell lung cancer in day surgery patients
Authors: Jiang Lisha , Lei Tiantian , Zhou Kun , Ma Hongsheng , Che Guowei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer, the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, has high morbidity rates. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) as day surgery makes surgical treatment ideally in time with the same quality of medical care. This study aimed to assess the safety of stage I NSCLC patients who underwent VATS at a day surgery center.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and tumor features of VATS patients at a single center, West China Hospital, from June 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Patients fulfilled all inclusion criteria, did not meet any exclusion criteria and underwent wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection.ResultsThe median patient age was 43 (range, 19–67) years. Of the 209 patients, most were women. A total of 108 (51.7%) patients underwent segmentectomy, 87 (41.6%) lobectomy, and 14 (6.7%) wedge resection with systematic lymph node dissection. According to the AJCC/UICC eighth edition of lung cancer stage grouping, stages IA, IA1, IA2, and IA3 were 195 (93.3%), 122 (58.4%), 50 (23.9%), and one (0.5%), respectively. A total of 36 (17.2%) patients were stage 0. Adenocarcinoma was predominantly the postoperative pathological diagnosis, as only 14 (6.7%) were benign. A total of 201 (96.17%) patients were discharged without a chest tube. The most common chief complaints were cough, incisional pain, and shortness of breath. No severe complications or life‐threatening emergencies were observed.ConclusionsThe day surgery mode of VATS for stage I NSCLC is safe and feasible, which makes surgical treatment ideally in time for stage I NSCLC patients with the same quality of medical care.
CT‐guided microwave ablation in patients with lung metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Meng Min , Han Xiaoying , Li Wenhong , Huang Guanghui , Ni Yang , Wang Jiao , Zhang Tiehong , Dai Jianjian , Zou Zhigeng , Yang Xia , Ye Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is a very common ablation method that shows a good local tumor control rate in primary and secondary lung tumors. At present, few reports have explored the safety and efficacy of MWA for lung metastases from breast cancer.MethodsFrom January 2012 to January 2018, 32 breast cancer patients with 46 pulmonary metastases received CT‐guided percutaneous MWA. The study was approved by the local institutional review board. The clinical efficacy and complications of MWA were investigated.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 32 months and the main effective rate was 97.8% (45/46). Five of 46 lesions had local progression (10.9%), with a median progression time of 10 months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.9%, 53.3%, and 17.8%, respectively. The median OS time was 36 months. Among 46 MWA treatments, 11 (23.9%) had massive pneumothorax, two (4.3%) had massive pleural effusion, and two (4.3%) had a pulmonary infection.ConclusionCT‐guided percutaneous MWA may be safe and effective for treating lung metastases from breast cancer.
Native hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit‐infesting flies in three plant formations and prospects for biological control in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Zida Issaka , Nacro Souleymane , Dabiré Rémy Anogmain , Moquet Laura , Haran Julien , Delatte Hélène 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Western Burkina Faso, fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause economic impacts. Damage on a mango can reach 100% in late varieties, and on shea fruits, the average attack rate is 66.5%. Parasitoids offer natural biocontrol services, but the potential for this in Burkina Faso remains unknown.
We performed a survey (2017–2019) in three plant formations (natural fallows n = 6; agroforestry parks n = 6 and mango orchards n = 6) to determine the levels of parasitism of tephritid fruit fly pests. For this purpose, fruits from cultivated and wild fruit fly host plant species were sampled in these plant formations and incubated for insects' emergence.
In total, 1822 adults belonging to 7 parasitoid species were found. Fopius caudatus (Szépligeti) and Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) with 51.47% and 30.60% of the total of parasitoid adults emerged, respectively, were the most predominant. Parasitism rate varied according to host fruit species. Pupae recorded from Sarcocephalus latifolius and Vitellaria paradoxa were most parasitized (27.22% ± 3.96%) and (17.08% ± 2.37%), respectively, while those obtained from mangoes were the less parasitized (3.73% ± 0.91%).
Mass rearing of F. caudatus and P. concolor, as well as habitat management, will contribute to the promotion of both, augmentation and conservation biological control.
Retribution or Reconciliation? Post‐Conflict Attitudes toward Enemy Collaborators
Authors: Kao Kristen , Revkin Mara R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArmed groups seeking to govern territory require the cooperation of many civilians, who are widely perceived as enemy collaborators after conflict ends. The empirical literature on attitudes toward transitional justice focuses heavily on fighters, overlooking more nuanced understandings of proportional justice for civilian collaborators. Through a survey experiment conducted in an Iraqi city that was controlled by the Islamic State, we find that variations in the type of collaboration an actor engages in strongly determine preferences for punishment and forgiveness. While exposure to violence is associated with a greater desire for revenge, perceived volition behind an act—a relatively unstudied factor—is much more important. This research provides unique empirical data on the microfoundations of enemy collaborator culpability. By widening our analytical lens to consider a more realistically broad spectrum of enemy collaboration, we avoid affirming a false dichotomy between victims and perpetrators that is commonly adopted in postwar settings.
CPI‐203 improves the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 therapy by inhibiting the induced PD‐L1 overexpression in liver cancer
Authors: Niu Xiaoge , Wang Wei , Liang Taizhen , Li Shasha , Yang Chan , Xu Xinfeng , Li Lin , Liu Shuwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest lethal malignancies worldwide, and often diagnosed at an advanced stage, without any curative therapy. Immune checkpoint blockers targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1) have shown impressive antitumor activity in patients with advanced‐stage HCC, while the response rate is only 30%. Inducible PD‐L1 overexpression may result in a lack of response to cancer immunotherapy, which is attributed to a mechanism of adaptive immune resistance. Our study investigated that the overexpression of PD‐L1 promoted the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells in vitro, and the induced overexpression of PD‐L1 in the tumor microenvironment could weaken the effects of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in a BALB/c mouse model of liver cancer. CPI‐203, a small‐molecule bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor, which can potently inhibit PD‐L1 expression in vitro and in vivo, combined with PD‐1 antibody improved the response to immunotherapy in a liver cancer model. Cell transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay manifested that BRD4 plays a key role in PD‐L1 expression; CPI‐203 can inhibit PD‐L1 expression by inhibiting the BRD4 occupation of the PD‐L1 promoter region. This study indicates a potential clinical immunotherapy method to reduce the incidence of clinical resistance to immunotherapy in patients with HCC.
‘Start from the Garden’: Distribution, Livelihood Diversification and Narratives of Agrarian Decline in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Nerenberg Jacob 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTScholarship that identifies ‘distribution’ as the key to inclusive governance has promoted suspicion of development agendas that foreground ‘production’. This article analyses controversy around food and cash transfers and decentralized development funding in Indonesia's contested Papua territory. Some observers and recipients allege that these instruments, which have proliferated under ‘Special Autonomy’ reforms intended to defuse the West Papuan independence movement, have caused a decline of indigenous subsistence agriculture. Papua's various distribution (and distribution‐like) mechanisms were instituted under pressure from international agencies, in response to mass unrest, and in the wake of crises that altered Papua's role in Indonesian development. In Papua's Central Highlands, food and cash distribution instruments have addressed farming shortfalls and played a role in the diversification of livelihoods — a shift that animates anxious speculation about the viability of indigenous social reproduction. Such commentary gestures to a contested development horizon featuring extractive and agrarian agendas with divergent implications for the reproduction of distinctive rural livelihoods. Laments about the harm to rural productivity caused by distribution evoke but gloss over threats of devaluation of labour, highlighting tension between popular concerns about social reproduction and scholarly anxieties about the celebration of production.
Young adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, defined using the fatty liver index, can be at increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Cho Eun Ju , Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Chang Young , Cho Yuri , Park Sang‐Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Jeong Su‐Min , Yoon Kyoung Wan , Shin Dong Wook , Yu Su Jong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular events among a nationally representative sample of young adults in Korea.Methods and ResultsThis population‐based cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included adults who were aged 20 to 39 years when they underwent a health examination between 2009 and 2012. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, and participants were divided into three groups according to FLI (<30, 30‐59 and ≥60) to investigate the dose‐dependent effect of FLI score. Among 5 324 410 participants, 9.8% had an FLI ≥60. There were 13 051 myocardial infarctions (MIs; 0.39%) and 8573 strokes (0.26%) during a median follow‐up of 8.4 years. In multivariable analysis, NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of MI and stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61‐1.77 and HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.63‐1.84, respectively). MI and stroke had dose‐dependent relationships with FLI (HR 1.28 in participants with FLI 30‐59 and 1.73 in those with FLI ≥60 for MI and HR 1.18 in participants with FLI 30‐59 and 1.41 in those with FLI ≥60 for stroke, respectively).ConclusionsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease was an independent predictor of MI and stroke in young adults. These results suggest that primary prevention of cardiovascular disease should be emphasized in young adults with NAFLD.
Compatibility of two types of gummy jelly tests for detecting decreased masticatory function
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Hori Kazuhiro , Yoneda Hiroyuki , Sato Naoko , Suwanarpa Ketsupha , Sta. Maria Ma. Therese , Marito Pinta , Nokubi Takashi , Ono Takahiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the compatibility of masticatory performance tests using different two types of gummy jellies.Background data discussing the present status of the fieldCompatibility between the glucose concentration measuring method (GC) and 10‐steps visual scoring method (VS), which are masticatory performance tests for diagnosing decreased masticatory function (DMF) in oral hypofunction and the use of different types of gummy jelly, has yet to be confirmed.Materials and methodsThe participants consisted of 134 Japanese older people (51 men and 83 women). GC, VS and the increased surface area measuring method (ISA), as an alternative analysis method for VS, were conducted to evaluate masticatory performance. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to verify the consistency for detecting DMF between GC and VS. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between GC and ISA. Each masticatory performance was compared among three different groups for the number of residual teeth. Cut‐off values of VS and ISA for DMF that were consistent with GC were identified.ResultsGlucose concentration measuring method and VS showed an excellent consistency (Kappa coefficient = 0.86). There was a high positive correlation between GC and ISA (r = .70). However, the change in masticatory performance according to the number of teeth was different between GC and VS/ISA. The cut‐off values of VS and ISA were a Score of 2 and 1687 mm2, respectively.ConclusionGlucose concentration measuring method and VS/ISA remained fairly consistent for detecting DMF, which might be useful information to interconnect the various studies on masticatory performance.