bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTUALIZATION OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE DEBATE ON THE PRESERVATION OF THE HISTORICAL IMAGE OF A TOWN
Authors: Полякова Алина 
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена анализу стратегий аргументаций, которые используют стороны, участвующие в обсуждении практик сохранения исторического и архитектурного облика города. В статье проводится анализ аргументационных и риторических стратегий на примере конфликта, возникшего вокруг разрушения историко-архитектурной среды города Боровска в Калужской области в 2018 году. Исследование основывается на публикациях федеральных и региональных СМИ. Обращается особое внимание на оформление стратегий аргументации сторонами конфликта, которая отражается в городской газете. В анализе выделены типы аргументов участников столкновения (активисты-градозащитники, администрация города, местные жители) и типы отношения к историческому облику города. В статье подчеркивается, что речевые акты участников можно рассматривать как часть исторического и социального дискурса. Это позволяет включить в исследование проблему исторической памяти местного сообщества, которая раскрывает лежащую в основании конфликта необходимость обновления опыта исторического облика города через сохранение его архитектурного комплекса.The article focuses on the argumentation strategies that were implemented during the discussion concerning the practices of preservation of the historical and architectural heritage of the town of Borovsk in Kaluga region. An analysis is provided of the arguments and rhetoric during the clash that followed the destruction of the historical and architectural heritage of Borovsk in 2018. The research is based on the publications of federal and regional media. It specifically pays attention to the formation of the argumentation strategies that were employed by all sides of the conflict in a local newspaper. Arguments that the participants (activists defending the urban heritage, the local administration, and the town’s inhabitants) used during the clash and types of attitudes towards the historical image of Borovsk are all emphasized in the analysis. The article considers the participants’ speech acts as a part of historical and social discourse. This approach will allow to shed light on the problem of the historical memory of the local community and point towards the necessity of the renewal of the historical experience of the town and its architectural heritage.
MENGELOLA KEGIATAN PRAPEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN PROSES BELAJAR YANG KONDUSIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 3 SIMPANG KATIS BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Ocktavia Fara Dillah 
Published: March 2021

Pembukaan dalam pembelajaran merupakan kegiatan yang pasti dilakukan, penyebutan pembukaan pembelajaran adalah kegiatan pra-pembelajaran atau juga disebut dengan pra-instruksional. Fungsi utama kegiatan pra-pembelajaran adalah untuk memulai pembelajaran supaya menjadi efektif yang memungkinkan siswa dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif deskriptif. Metode ini digunakakn karena dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan kegiatan pra-pembelajaran. Tehnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari rangkaian observasi kegiatan pra-pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan di SD Negeri 3 Simpang Katis diperoleh hasil proses kegiatan pra-pembelajaran dan pembiasaan pra pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara sistematis dalam keterlaksanaanya oleh guru kelas antara lain sebelum masuk kelas peserta didik dianjurkan berbaris didepan kelas, lalu bersalaman dengan guru kelas, dan melaksanakan pemeriksaan kerapian dan kebersihan peserta didik. Setelah masuk kedalam kelas mereka melakukan literasi terlebih dahulu, seperti berdoa, mengabsen peserta didik, bernyanyi lagu Indonesia raya, lagu nasional lainnya, menghafal surah-surah pendek, serta menghafal perkalian. Lalu guru kelas bisa memulai dengan permainan kecil seperti ice breaking tentang gerakan dan lagu sehingga dapat meningkatkan semangat peserta didik untuk belajar.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA BILANGAN BULAT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN PAKEM PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 8 GEDUNG AIR
Authors: Menerfah Ros Aini 
Published: March 2021

Pemilihan judul penelitian ini adalah karena terdapat permasalahan rendahnya aktivitas dan prestasi belajar matematika khususnya operasi hitung bilangan bulat pada pelajaran Matematika siswa Kelas IV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar bilangan bulat pada mata pelajaran Matematika Sekolah Dasar Kelas IV Semester 1, menggunkanan pendekatan PAKEM. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 8 Gedung Air Bandar Lampung Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Data diperoleh dari catatan lembar pengamatan observer terhadap proses pembelajaran yang direncanakan peneliti, lembar pengamatan aktivitas belajar dan lembar tes untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar. Data dianalisis dengan statistik sederhana yaitu persentase.Berdasarkan temuan dan hasil pembahasan selama 3 siklus, peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa Siklus I mencapai 56%, Siklus II mencapai 76%, Sklus III mencapai 85%. Prestasi belajar Siklus I Tuntas 52%, Siklus II Tuntas 86% Siklus III 100% dan pengamatan observer yang bermitra dengan peneliti menunjukkan kriteria rata-rata baik. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa penggunaan pendekatan PAKEM dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar matematika bilangan bulat siswa kelas IV SDN 8 Gedung Air Bandar Lampung Semester 1 TP 2018/2019.
KEMAMPUAN MENGARANG DESKRIPSI BERDASARKAN OBSERVASI PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 1 GULAK GALIK BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Rahmasisca Frieska Maryova 
Published: March 2021

Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan mengarang deskripsi siswa Kelas V Semester Ganjil SD Negeri 1 Gulak Galik Bandar Lampung. Aspek yang dikaji melingkupi kesesuaian isi karangan, penggunaan ejaan, pilihan kata (diksi), bentuk tulisan, dan keefektifan kalimat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan mengarang deskripsi dan mengetahui kendala serta faktor kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa diambil dengan teknik stratified proporsional random sampling dari jumlah populasi yang ada. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes unjuk kerja yakni menugaskan siswa membuat karangan deskripsi berdasarkan objek di lingkungan sekolah. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rumus persentase sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mengarang deskripsi siswa kelas V Semester Ganjil SD Negeri 1 Gulak Galik Bandar Lampung, dikategorikan cukup sebab skor akhir mencapai 67. Adapun kemampuan mengarang deskripsi yang dinilai dari aspek kesesuaian isi karangan kemampuan siswa mencapai nilai rata-rata 87.5 termasuk kategori cukup, aspek penulisan ejaan mencapai nilai rata-rata 62 termasuk kategori cukup, aspek pemilihan kata atau diksi mencapai nilai rata-rata 50 termasuk kategori kurang, aspek bentuk tulisan kemampuan siswa mencapai nilai rata-rata 66 termasuk kategori kurang, dan aspek keefetifan kalimat kemampuan siswa mencapai nilai rata-rata 68 termasuk kategori cukup. Aspek kesesuaian isi karangan menjadi penguasaan tertinggi sebab rata-rata yang diperoleh 87.5 sedangan aspek yang paling sulit yakni pemilihan kata atau diksi sebab nilai rata-rata hanya mencapai 50 termasuk kategori kurang.
PROFIL GURU IDEAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL QUR’AN
Authors: Idhar Idhar 
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan sebagai teori berupa pemikiran manusia mengenai masalah-masalah kependidikan dan upaya memecahkannya secara mendasar dan sistematis. Sedangkan pendidikan sebagai praktek merupakan aktivitas manusia mendidik peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang diidealkan. pembicaraan tentang profil guru ideal pada hakikatnya adalah pembicaraan tentang kompetensi profesional, karena kompetensi guru ideal merupakan paham yang mengajarkan bahwa setiap pekerjaan harus dilakukan oleh orang yang profesional. Orang yang guru ideal adalah orang yang memiliki profesi. Dalam Islam, setiap pekerjaan harus dilakukan secara profesional, dalam arti harus dilakukan secara benar. Hal ini hanya mungkin dilakukan oleh orang yang ahlinya. Apapun jenis profesi yang disandang, hendaknya dilakukan dengan profesional. Profil guru ideal menurut persepektif Al-Qur’an sesungguhnya diambilkan dari adanya pendapat mufasir yang memberikan penekanan paling tidak terdapat empat surah dalam Al-Qur’an. Keempar surah ini, muatanya menjelaskan tipe seorang guru yang ideal dalam mendidik,terutama Ideal dalam ilmu dan kemampuan, sikap, metode dan sebagainya. Adapun jabaran surah dalam Al-Qur’an diantaranya; QS. Al-alaq/96 ayat 1-5, QS. Al-kahf/18 ayat 60-82, QS. An-Naml/27 ayat 15-44, QS. Abasa/80 ayat 1-16. Dari sinilah yang dapat ditarik pemahaman bahwa Al-Qur’an memberikan isyarat pekerjaan itu harus dilakukan secara ideal. Demikian pula dengan profesi guru harus dilakukan secara profesional.
Frecuencia de patologías pulpares en niños asistentes a la Facultad de Odontología, Unah, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Pineda Gloria María , Galo San Martin Regina Patricia , Cruz Francia María , Mondragón Carmen Cecilia , Giannini Lourdes Giovanna 
Published: March 2021

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), entre el 60 y 90 % de la población infantil presenta lesiones cariosas con cavitación. Las patologías pulpares son conse- cuencia de la evolución de la caries o traumatismo dental, manifestándose con dolor, inflamación o infección, que obliga a los pacientes a acudir de forma urgente a la consulta odontológica con cuadros de pulpitis reversible, irreversible o necrosis pulpar. Dependiendo de la gravedad de la patología, esta puede intervenirse mediante terapias curativas y cuando ha alcanzado un nivel muy avanzado, la única opción es la exodoncia, dejando secue- las a corto, mediano y largo plazo en el niño.
Objetivo: Analizar las diferentes patologías pulpares en molares deciduos de pacientes infantiles entre 5 y 9 años que acuden a la clínica de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH) durante 2016-2018.
Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo. Se recolectaron historias clínicas de niños entre 5 y 9 años que acudieron entre 2014 - 2016 con una muestra de 310 expedientes de un universo de 1605.
Resultados: Predominaron las patologías pulpares en el género masculino (54.2%). La caries dental fue la etiología más registrada (77.34 %), predominó la pulpitis reversible (9.3%), el órgano dentario más afectado , en el sistema de nomenclatura FDI, (Federation Dentaire Internationale), fue el primer molar deciduo inferior izquierdo (7,4). El tratamiento más realizado fue pulpotomía (15.2%).
Conclusión: En la población infantil la caries dental no tratada evolucionó en su mayoría a pulpitis reversible.
Enfermedad de Hirschsprung y Apendicitis en paciente pediatrico: reporte de caso
Authors: Morales Chávez Gabriel Emilio , Aguilar Andino David , Marie Aguilar Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es una malformación del sistema nervioso entérico, caracterizada por falta de células ganglionares en plexo submucoso y mientérico en pared distal del colon. En el 80% solo existe afectación del recto-sigma, sin embargo, pueden encontrarse casos de aganglionosis total.
Reporte de Caso: Se presenta pre-escolar masculino de 4 años de edad, procedente de La Iguala, Lempira, Honduras, con historia de constipación y distensión abdominal de dos años de evolución, que ha empeorado progresivamente, y se atenua- ba con el uso de enemas cada dos días para poder defecar. En mayo de 2016 llega al Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas, donde se le realizó una laparotomía exploratoria de emergencia debido a la presencia de deterioro clínico por constipación y distensión abdominal, acompañada de vómitos con restos alimenticios y fiebre alta de una semana de evolu- ción. En dicha operación se realizó colectomía par- cial izquierda, además se realizó una colostomía terapéutica y se diagnósticó enfermedad de Hirs- chsprung mediante biopsia, además del hallazgo incidental de apendicitis, se realizó apendicectomía obteniendo en general, una evolución satisfactoria. El estudio histopatológico de la biopsia del recto es el estándar de oro para realizar el diagnóstico. La ausencia de células ganglionares en el plexo submucoso con la tinción hematoxilina y eosina establece el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hirschsprung es de tipo quirúrgico y se busca la eliminación del segmento colónico afectado, de manera que se pueda lograr una anastomosis del colon proximal y distal al área agangliónica.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is accurate for high-grade prostate cancer bone staging when compared to bone scintigraphy
Authors: Otis-Chapados Samuel , Ringuette Goulet Cassandra , Dubois Gabriel , Lavallée Étienne , Dujardin Thierry , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis , Lodde Michele , Tiguert Rabi , Toren Paul , Fradet Vincent , Beauregard Jean-Mathieu , Buteau François-Alexandre , Pouliot Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: In this study, we compared 18F-FDG-postron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and bone scintigraphy accuracies for the detection of bone metastases for primary staging in high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) patients to determine if 18F-FDG-PET/CT could be used alone as a staging modality.
Methods: Men with localized high-grade PCa (n=256, Gleason 8–10, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grades 4 or 5) were imaged with bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG-PET/CT. We compared on a per-patient basis the accuracy of the two imaging modalities, taking intermodality agreement as the standard of truth (SOT).
Results: 18F-FDG-PET/CT detected at least one bone metastasis in 33 patients compared to only 26 with bone scan. Of the seven false-negative bone scintigraphies, four (57.1%) were solitary metastases (monometastatic), three (42.9%) were oligometastatic (2–4 lesions), and none were plurimetastatic (>4 lesions). Compared to SOT, 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed higher sensitivity and accuracy than bone scintigraphy (100% vs. 78.8%, and 98.7% vs. 98.2%) for the detection of skeletal lesions.
Conclusions: 18F-FDG-PET/CT appears similar or better than conventional bone scans to assess for bone metastases in patients newly diagnosed with high-grade PCa. Since intraprostatic FDG-uptake is also a biomarker of failure to radical prostatectomy and that FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be accurate in detecting PCa lymph node metastasis, FDG-PET/CT has the potential to be used as the sole preoperative staging modality in high-grade PCa.
Impact of National Debt on Economic Growth in Tanzania: 1980-2019
Authors: Lelya Lemada Lesamana , Ngaruko Deus D. 
Published: March 2021

This paper is based on the study that examined the impact of external and domestic debt on economic growth of Tanzania over the period 1980-2019. The study’s specific objectives were; to examine trends of external and domestic debts from 1980 to 2019, to determine long run relationship between external debt stock and economic growth in Tanzania from 1980 to 2019, and to examine the long run relationship between domestic debt and economic growth in Tanzania from 1980 to 2019. The study used time series data of Tanzania collected from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the World Bank indicators. The study used Vector error correction model (VECM) for estimation of the time series since all the variables’ data were stationary in first difference I (1), and there was cointegration within the variables. To ensure the validity and reliability of the data; the study carried out normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and unit root tests. The empirical findings reveal that both external and domestic debt significantly affects the economic growth of Tanzania. The study recommends that the government should promote moderate levels of domestic borrowing which can be sustained as it promotes economic growth if used in productive and efficient avenues. The study further recommends that policymakers should efficiently allocate and develop constraints that will ensure the external borrowing is utilized on more productive and development expenditures, so that the finance is a source of increase in net investment in the country.
Progressive Recovery of a Marine Gastropod Community Following Atmospheric Nuclear Tests in French- Polynesia: A Socio-ecological Interpretation
Authors: Béguinot Jean 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The way species-richness is accommodated and how species-abundance distribution is organized in a hierarchic pattern is central to community ecology. Yet, the process by which species-richness and species-abundances are progressively accommodated can hardly be monitored, in practice, at a sufficiently large spatial scale. Fortunately, the progressive recovery of marine communities, after their complete destruction by atmospheric nuclear tests, yet offered unique opportunity to monitor the full process of accommodation of increasing species-richness and the associated, transient development of strong interspecific competition, all along the process of recovery.
Methods: Taking full advantage of such monitoring yet requires, first, to relevantly overcome two important practical issues: 1) achieving reliable numerical extrapolations of the usually unavoidably incomplete samplings in order to accurately estimate both the true species-richness and the completed distribution of species-abundances, including the abundance of undetected species and 2) disentangling (i) the positive contribution of improved niche-diversification to species-richness and species-abundance evenness from (ii) the negative contribution of increasing interspecific-competition, all along the recovery progress. This, indeed, is a rather tricky challenge, yet relevantly solved by using the newly developed “standardized unevenness index”, conceptually based upon MacArthur approach to interspecific-contest at niche overlaps.
Results: Applying both tools above to the monitored recovery of a reef-associated Gastropod community, entirely wiped-out previously by severe nuclear blasts, had allowed a deeper understanding of the dynamic interplay between species-recruitment, niche-diversification and interspecific-competition in the regeneration of the community. In particular, along the recovery process, a transient, metastable phase – involving severe interspecific-competition at niche-overlaps – precedes a gradual return to dynamic stability, with the virtual extinction of interspecific competition
Evaluation of the Sub Acute Toxicity of the Stem Bark of Andira inermis
Authors: Egua Maxwell Osaronowen , Nwinyi Florence Chimezie , Okwoche Ode Julius , Monday Onakpa Micheal , Ganiyat Akande Motunrayo , Abalaka Samson Eneojo , Garba Mikail Hudu , Dezi Akumka David , Mohammed Adamu 
Published: March 2021

The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was screened in evaluation of its potential for its toxic effect in a 28 days study using the oral route only. The sub acute study was carried out in Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each; control group (a) received distilled water while the aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract treatment groups (b), (c), and (d), received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively, for a period of 28 days, with their intake of feeds, water and signs of abnormality observed. At the end of the sub acute study, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological evaluation. And the visceral organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen) excised for weighing and patho-morphological examination. The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was found to; reduce the intake of water weekly, drop intake of feeds; significantly increased the red blood cell count (RBC), the haemoglobin concentration (HB), as well as the pack cell volume (PCV). The renal indices, showed the electrolytes sodium and chloride of the treatment groups (b, c and d) to be significantly different from the control. Urea was noticed to have reduce significantly and creatinine insignificantly. The organs weights across the Andira inermis treatment groups were noticed to be insignificantly (P › 0.05) different from the control for all the organs sampled (Lungs, Liver, Heart and Spleen) except for the kidney (organ weight which was noticed to have increased significantly). The patho-morphologies of the organs showed the heart to be normal, the kidney was normal in the control and the other treatment groups 100 mg 400 mg and 200 mg but a rat (an outlier) in one of the 200 mg group was noticed with tubular necrosis; the liver indicated a non concentration-dependent hepatitis while the lungs and the spleen presented an infective process. It was concluded that, the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis is a safe medicinal plant with the capacity to; raise red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB) as well as the pack cell volume (PCV); proffers a nephro- protective property; shrunken spleen; have a hepato-protective property and as well was non toxic to the heart and lungs. These findings warrants further pharmacognostic efficacy experimental research to harness the array of benefits of Andira inermis as discovered in this study.
Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Jiyil M. K. , Kutshik R. J. , Mafuyai C. E. , Dalong V. P. , Edward D. H. , Okoyeukwu C. N. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Plants could either be ornamental, medicinal, as well as nutritional, hence there has been a high level of reliance on plants as a whole by both man and animals for survival.
Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the Phytochemical contents and Nutritional Profiles of Cnidoscolus chayamansa Leaf Collected in Jos, North Central, Nigeria.
Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June, 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Methodology: The proximate and phytochemical compositions were investigated in accordance with standard procedures. Mineral concentrations were determined by using flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, calorimetry. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid profile were analyzed using Technicon sequential Multi-Sample Amino Acid Analyzer (TSM).
Results: The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, terpenes and steroids, balsam and phenol with the absence of cardiac glycosides, and resin. The proximate analysis showed high carbohydrate (27.48±0.02), crude fibre (25.18±0.02) and protein (18.63±0.01), moderate concentration of moisture content (12.62±0.00) and ashes content (11.68±0.01), low concentration of crude lipid (4.40±0.01). The minerals detected were calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, manganese, cobalt, sulphur, aluminium, zinc, molybdenum, and Phosphorus. Seventeen amino acids were analysed; nine essential amino acids namely; Leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, trptophane, valine, threonine, arginine, methionine and histidine and Eight non-essential amino acids namely; proline, tyrosine, cysteine, alanine, glutamate, gycine, serine and aspartic. Glutamic and leucine acids were found in higher concentration as 10.14+ 0.016 and 8.99+ 0.000 respectively.
Conclusion: This investigation shows that Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf from Jos, Nigeria contains high medicinal and nutritional compositions which could be exploited for the treatment of diseases as well as nutritional supplements.