bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective mechanism of demethylase fat mass and obesity‐associated protein in energy metabolism disorder of hypoxia–reoxygenation‐induced cardiomyocytes
Authors: Deng Wenzheng , Jin Qiao , Li Liang 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?What is the effect of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) on energy metabolism in hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocytes?
What is the main finding and its importance?FTO modification of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is associated with myocardial cell energy metabolism disorder. FTO reduced the m6A level of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) mRNA through demethylation, thus promoting SERCA2a expression, maintaining calcium homeostasis, and improving energy metabolism of H/R cardiomyocytes.
AbstractEnergy metabolism disorder is the initial physiological link of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) is an N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase implicated in several cardiac defects. This study sought to investigate the effect of FTO on energy metabolism in hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocytes. FTO and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) expression in H/R‐induced cardiomyocytes were determined. Cardiomyocyte viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were measured. The total RNA and polyA+ RNA contents were isolated from cells. The m6A level of RNA and the enrichment of m6A of SERCA2a mRNA were calculated. Several indices such as the glycolytic potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial activity and ATP content were evaluated. The concentration of calcium in cardiomyocytes was determined. FTO and SERCA2a were poorly expressed in H/R‐induced cardiomyocytes. There was an elevated m6A level in total RNA and enrichment of m6A in SERCA2a mRNA. H/R treatment reduced the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content in cardiomyocytes, but increased the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, ROS content and calcium concentration. Upregulation of FTO reversed the preceding findings with downregulation of the m6A level of SERCA2a mRNA. Downregulation of SERCA2a annulled the promoting effect of FTO on calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism in H/R‐induced cardiomyocytes. Collectively, the current study demonstrated that FTO reduced the m6A level on SERCA2a mRNA through demethylation, thus promoting SERCA2a expression, maintaining calcium homeostasis and improving the energy metabolism of H/R cardiomyocytes.
Thermohydraulic Performance Optimization of Automobile Radiators Using Statistical Approaches
Authors: Canbolat Ahmet Serhan , Bademlioglu Ali Husnu , Kaynakli Omer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Automobile radiator which is one of the vital components used for engine cooling in vehicles is expected to provide higher thermal performance without changing the exterior dimensions of the radiator with the development of engine technology. This situation necessitates changes in both design and operating parameters in the currently used radiator. In the present study, all fundamental parameters affecting the thermal and hydraulic performance of an automobile radiator are evaluated and optimized with statistical methods. Optimization study is carried out using Taguchi and ANOVA methods for two specified objective functions (heat transfer and pressure drop). The order of importance and impact rates for each design and operating parameter, the best and worst working conditions in terms of both target functions are determined. Air velocity, air inlet temperature, coolant inlet temperature, and fin pitch are found to be the most effective parameters on the heat transfer with a contribution ratio of 88%. The best and worst working conditions are obtained for the heat transfer and under these working conditions, they are calculated as 43.68 kW and 1.63 kW, respectively. When the system is examined in terms of the pressure drop, the results show that the coolant flowrate and tube height have a great impact with a contribution ratio of 67.04% and 32.06%, respectively. Lastly, the maximum and minimum pressure drop within the studied operating condition range is determined as 20.68 kPa and 0.12 kPa, respectively.
Modal Analysis of Breakup Mechanisms for a Liquid Jet in Crossflow
Authors: Salauddin Sheikh , Flores Wilmer , Otero Michelle , Stiehl Bernhard , Ahmed Kareem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Liquid fuel jet in crossflow (LJIC) is a vital atomization technique significant to the aviation industry. The hydrodynamic instability mechanisms that drive a primary breakup of a transverse jet are investigated using modal and traveling wavelength analysis. This study highlights the primary breakup mechanisms for aviation fuel Jet-A, utilizing a method that could be applied to any liquid fuel. Mathematical decomposition techniques known as POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) and Robust MrDMD (multiresolution dynamic mode decomposition) are used together to identify dominant instability flow dynamics associated with the primary breakup mechanism. Implementation of the Robust MrDMD method deconstructs the nonlinear dynamical systems into multiresolution time-scaled components to capture the intermittent coherent structures. The Robust MrDMD, in conjunction with the POD method, is applied to data points taken across the entire spray breakup regimes: enhanced capillary breakup, bag breakup, multimode breakup, and shear breakup. The dominant frequencies of breakup mechanisms are extracted and identified. These coherent structures are classified with an associated time scale and Strouhal number. Three primary breakup mechanisms, namely, ligament shedding, bag breakup, and shear breakup, were identified and associated with the four breakup regimes outlined above. Further investigation portrays these breakup mechanisms to occur in conjunction with each other in each breakup regime, excluding the low Weber number enhanced capillary breakup regime. Spectral analysis of the Robust MrDMD modes’ entire temporal window reveals that while multiple breakup mechanisms are convolved, there is a dominant breakup route for each breakup regime. An associated particular traveling wavelength analysis further investigates each breakup mechanism. Lastly, this study explores the effects of an increased momentum flux ratio on each breakup mechanism associated with a breakup regime.
Response and Instability of Sloping Seabed Supporting Small Marine Structures: Wave–Structure–Soil Interaction Analysis
Authors: Rafiei Amin , Rahman M.S. , Gabr M.A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wave-induced liquefaction in seabed may adversely impact the stability and bearing capacity of the foundation elements of coastal structures. The interaction of wave, seabed, and structure has been studied mostly for only mildly sloping seabed (&lt;5deg) using a decoupled approach. However, some of the marine hydrokinetic devices (MHKs) may be built on or anchored to the seabed with significant steepness. The wave-induced response and instantaneous liquefaction within sloping seabed supporting a small structure (representing a small MHK device) are evaluated herein by developing an almost fully coupled finite element model. The effects of coupling approach on the stress response and liquefaction of the seabed soils are investigated. Subsequently, post-liquefaction deformation of seabed soils around the structure is assessed. The poroelasticity equations governing the seabed response coupled with those for other domains are solved simultaneously. For post-liquefaction analysis, the soil is modeled as elastic-perfectly plastic material. The development of instantaneously liquefied zones near the foundation is studied in terms of seabed steepness and wave parameters. The changes in the effective stress paths due to the development of liquefied zones are evaluated in view of the soil's critical state. The results indicate that the decoupled solution yields significantly larger stresses and liquefaction zones around the structure. The seabed response and the liquefaction zones become smaller for steeper slopes. The presence of liquefied zones brings the stress state closer to the failure envelope, reduces the confining stresses, and induces larger plastic strains around the foundation element.
Effects of Receiver Misalignment on the Intercept Factor of Parabolic Trough Collectors
Authors: Uzair Muhammad , Rehman Naveed ur , Asif Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study developed a methodology for determining the intercept factor (γ) and reports the effects of varying the design parameters, within realistic ranges, on the optical performance of parabolic trough collectors (PTC). The design equations account for the aperture width of the concentrator, the geometric concentration ratio, rim-angle, and misalignment of the receiver, characterized by the radial and angular offsets. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS)-based ray-tracing method was used. Validation of the method was performed by comparing the results obtained by tracing a single ray with measurements obtained in a two-dimensional (2D) drafting program. Then, parametric analyses were performed to determine the effects of changing the radial and angular offset, geometric concentration ratio, and rim-angle on the percentage change in intercept factor (γΔ) with respect to the γ of a PTC with a perfectly aligned receiver. Finally, contour plots depicting the γ of various standard troughs over the range of radial and angular offsets were plotted, compared, and discussed. An online tool is also presented to help designers and researchers analyze these effects quickly by providing the design parameters.
Loneliness is strongly linked to depression among older adults, a long term study suggests
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz 
Published: October 2021

The studyLee SL, Pearce E, Ajnakina O, et al. The association between loneliness and depressive symptoms among adults aged 50 years and older: a 12-year population-based cohort study.Lancet Psychiatry2021;8:1.To read the full NIHR Alert go tohttps://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/loneliness-strongly-linked-depression-older-adults/
Time trend analysis of social inequalities in psychological distress among young adults before and during the pandemic: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study COVID-19 waves
Authors: Gagné Thierry , Nandi Alita , Schoon Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDespite concerns about mental health problems among those aged 16–24 in England, which social groups have been most at risk, both over the past decade and during the COVID-19 pandemic, remains unclear.MethodsWe examined trends in psychological distress among young adults 16–24 years old in England using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Using longitudinal data as repeated cross-sectional waves, we examined differences over time in mean General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores from wave 1 (2009–2010) to wave 10 (2018–2019) and six COVID-19 waves collected between April and November 2020, by economic activity, cohabitation with parents, parental education, area deprivation, ethnicity, age and sex.ResultsCompared with 2009–2010, increases in GHQ scores in 2018–2019 were higher in women than men (2.1 vs 1.3), those aged 16–18 than aged 22–24 (2.6 vs 0.9), those from white UK group versus other ethnic minorities, and those out of the labour force (3.6) or employed part time (2.2) than those employed full time (0.8). Compared with 2018–2019, psychological distress in 2020 also further increased among young adults residing in the most deprived areas (4.1 vs 1.2 in the least deprived areas). In 2020, losing one’s job or most of one’s work hours was associated with higher psychological distress and attenuated the differences between deprivation quartiles by 17%.ConclusionIn England, inequalities in psychological distress among young adults may have changed and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investing in opportunities for young adults, particularly in more deprived areas, may be key to improve population levels of mental health.
Effect of CRTH2 antagonism on the response to experimental rhinovirus infection in asthma: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Farne Hugo , Glanville Nicholas , Johnson Nicholas , Kebadze Tata , Aniscenko Julia , Regis Eteri , Zhu Jie , Trujillo-Torralbo Maria-Belen , Kon Onn Min , Mallia Patrick , Prevost A Toby , Edwards Michael R , Johnston Sebastian L , Singanayagam Aran , Jackson David J 
Published: October 2021

Background and aimsThe chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist timapiprant improved lung function and asthma control in a phase 2 study, with evidence suggesting reduced exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether timapiprant attenuated or prevented asthma exacerbations induced by experimental rhinovirus (RV) infection. We furthermore hypothesised that timapiprant would dampen RV-induced type 2 inflammation and consequently improve antiviral immune responses.MethodsAtopic patients with partially controlled asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were randomised to timapiprant (n=22) or placebo (n=22) and challenged with RV-A16 3 weeks later. The primary endpoint was the cumulative lower respiratory symptom score over the 14 days post infection. Upper respiratory symptoms, spirometry, airway hyperresponsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide, RV-A16 virus load and soluble mediators in upper and lower airways samples, and CRTH2 staining in bronchial biopsies were additionally assessed before and during RV-A16 infection.ResultsSix subjects discontinued the study and eight were not infected; outcomes were assessed in 16 timapiprant-treated and 14 placebo-treated, successfully infected subjects. There were no differences between treatment groups in clinical exacerbation severity including cumulative lower respiratory symptom score day 0–14 (difference 3.0 (95% CI −29.0 to 17.0), p=0.78), virus load, antiviral immune responses, or RV-A16-induced airway inflammation other than in the bronchial biopsies, where CRTH2 staining was increased during RV-A16 infection in the placebo-treated but not the timapiprant-treated group. Timapiprant had a favourable safety profile, with no deaths, serious adverse events or drug-related withdrawals.ConclusionTimapiprant treatment had little impact on the clinicopathological changes induced by RV-A16 infection in partially controlled asthma.
Service Provisioning for Multi-source IoT Applications in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Li Jing , Liang Weifa , Xu Zichuan , Jia Xiaohua , Zhou Wanlei 
Published: October 2021

We are embracing an era of Internet of Things (IoT). The latency brought by unstable wireless networks caused by limited resources of IoT devices seriously impacts the quality of services of users, particularly the service delay they experienced. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technology provides promising solutions to delay-sensitive IoT applications, where cloudlets (edge servers) are co-located with wireless access points in the proximity of IoT devices. The service response latency for IoT applications can be significantly shortened due to that their data processing can be performed in a local MEC network. Meanwhile, most IoT applications usually impose Service Function Chain (SFC) enforcement on their data transmission, where each data packet from its source gateway of an IoT device to the destination (a cloudlet) of the IoT application must pass through each Virtual Network Function (VNF) in the SFC in an MEC network. However, little attention has been paid on such a service provisioning of multi-source IoT applications in an MEC network with SFC enforcement.
In this article, we study service provisioning in an MEC network for multi-source IoT applications with SFC requirements and aiming at minimizing the cost of such service provisioning, where each IoT application has multiple data streams from different sources to be uploaded to a location (cloudlet) in the MEC network for aggregation, processing, and storage purposes. To this end, we first formulate two novel optimization problems: the cost minimization problem of service provisioning for a single multi-source IoT application, and the service provisioning problem for a set of multi-source IoT applications, respectively, and show that both problems are NP-hard. Second, we propose a service provisioning framework in the MEC network for multi-source IoT applications that consists of uploading stream data from multiple sources of the IoT application to the MEC network, data stream aggregation and routing through the VNF instance placement and sharing, and workload balancing among cloudlets. Third, we devise an efficient algorithm for the cost minimization problem built upon the proposed service provisioning framework, and further extend the solution for the service provisioning problem of a set of multi-source IoT applications. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through experimental simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are promising.
How Good is Good Enough? Quantifying the Impact of Benefits, Accuracy, and Privacy on Willingness to Adopt COVID-19 Decision Aids
Authors: Kaptchuk Gabriel , Goldstein Daniel G. , Hargittai Eszter , Hofman Jake M. , Redmiles Elissa M. 
Published: October 2021

An increasing number of data-driven decision aids are being developed to provide humans with advice to improve decision-making around important issues such as personal health and criminal justice. For algorithmic systems to support human decision-making effectively, people must be willing to use them. Yet, prior work suggests that accuracy and privacy concerns may both deter potential users and limit the efficacy of these systems.We expand upon prior research by empirically modeling how accuracy and privacy influence intent to adopt algorithmic systems. We focus on an algorithmic system designed to aid people in a globally-relevant decision context with tangible consequences: the COVID-19 pandemic. We use statistical techniques to analyze surveys of 4,615 Americans to (1) evaluate the effect of both accuracy and privacy concerns on reported willingness to install COVID-19 apps; (2) examine how different groups of users weigh accuracy relative to privacy; and (3) we empirically develop the first statistical models, to our knowledge, of how theamountof benefit (e.g., error rate) anddegreeof privacy risk in a data-driven decision aid may influence willingness to adopt.
Unsteady Electrohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Convective Heated Stretch/Shrink Sheet
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah , Amin Ibni , Shah Niaz Ali , Idris Sahar Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Unsteady electrohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid

Al

2

O

3

‐
Cu
/

H

2

O

past a convective heat stretched/shrinked sheet is examined. A stagnation point fluid flow with velocity slip constrains and heat source or sink is deliberated. The combined set of PDEs is translated into ODEs by including approved similarity transformations. HAM is applied for the solution to the obtained nonlinear system. The magnetic input factor, Prandtl number, electric field factor, Eckert number, heat source factor, and unstable factor are the governing parameters. The impact of these factors on the temperature and velocity profiles features of the problem is considered with explanation. Intensification in values of electric and magnetic fields parameters enhanced the heat transfer rate. The greater Prandtl number lessens the temperature. Amplification in temperature is perceived for Eckert parameter. The heat transferred rate of hybrid nanofluid in the entire domain increases as the heat source increases, while the heat sink has the opposite effect. Skin friction and Nusselt number is increased for increasing values of magnetic field parameters. It is also noted that Nusselt number lessens for raising in

Pr
,
E
,
and

Ec

. Furthermore, it is eminent that the hybrid nanofluid possesses better result compared to the nanofluid.
Pelvic Floor Ultrasound under Particle Swarm Intelligent Optimization Algorithm in Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Li Hezhou , Zhao Xin , Wu Juan , Liang Xiao , Lu Haiyan 
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to explore the application of pelvic floor ultrasound under particle swarm intelligent optimization algorithm in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis. In this study, 90 patients with SUI were enrolled, which were randomly and equally assigned into a blank group (healthy physical examination), control group (perineal ultrasound), and experimental group (pelvic floor ultrasound based on particle swarm intelligence optimization algorithm). The ultrasonic image segmentation and processing were carried out by a particle swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. Patients with stress incontinence were classified as group A, and patients without stress incontinence were classified as group B. The results of previous surgical examinations were the standard to judge the accuracy of pelvic floor ultrasound diagnosis based on the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. The accuracy of diagnosing stress UI in the experimental group was 90.38%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (54.31%) and the blank group (38.95%) (

P

< 0.05). The formation percentage of the urethral internal orifice in the experimental group was 82.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (65.4%) and the blank group (12.5%), and there was a statistical difference among the groups (

P

< 0.05). In the resting state, the vertical spacing y between the neck of the bladder and the edge of the pubis of patients in group B was greater than that in group B, the horizontal spacing x between the neck of the bladder and the edge of the pubis was smaller than in the blank group, and there were statistical differences among the groups (

P

< 0.05). In the state of Valsalva, the vertical spacing y between the neck of the bladder and the edge of the pubis of patients in group B was smaller than that in group B, the horizontal spacing x between the neck of the bladder and the edge of the pubis was greater than that in group B. The distance of the bladder neck shifting downward was greater than that in group B, and there were statistical differences among the groups (

P

< 0.05). In short, the pelvic floor ultrasound based on the particle swarm intelligent optimization algorithm was accurate in the diagnosis of stress UI. The application of pelvic floor ultrasound in the diagnosis of UI provided image data objectively for clinical diagnosis and had a high application value.