bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time response analysis for two-phase PMSM with two-sectional phase windings
Authors: Krivilev A V , Dunich E A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A new approach to investigation of two-phase PMSM control methods on the level of phase windings sections is presented. For two-phase PMSM with two-sectional windings all control methods are considered from a unified position. Section and phase usage variants implementable at all possible section connection schemes are determined and classified; armature magnetic induction vector amplitudes and angle positions are calculated. The vectors are grouped by graphical representation, phase usage variant and section connection scheme into sets, number of which leading to non-zero vectors and the zero vector is determined. A simulation is carried out, speed time response curves are calculated and compared; the affecting of section connection scheme and phase usage variant on speed transition time and idle speed is ascertained; groups are discovered, section connection schemes can be attributed to. The obtained results can be used in demand by drive developers to select the most suitable PMSM control method.
Decision support system HMI for the problem of four-dimensional navigation in civil aviation
Authors: Neretin E S , Budkov A S , Ivanov A S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the development of a human-machine interface (HMI) of the decision support system for the problem of four-dimensional navigation. As part of the work, the analysis of the functionality of modern flight management systems, which is designed to solve the problem of four-dimensional navigation, was carried out. The problems that arise during flights along the four-dimensional navigation routes are determined, and the insufficiency of the existing functionality of modern flight management systems for solving these problems is substantiated. The paper proposes the functionality of the decision support system as an addition to the functionality of the flight management systems, as well as the organization of the HMI of the decision support system, which provides display of the necessary information for the decision-making process by the crew.
Development of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis methodology using Model-Based Safety Assessment approach
Authors: Savelev A S , Bersutskaya O D , Silin N D , Neretin E S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the development of aircraft systems, the safety assessment process activities are carried out in parallel. Traditionally, safety professionals perform Functional Hazard Assessment, Preliminary System Safety Assessment, and System Safety Assessment. Despite the availability of many modern and advanced tools for performing calculations during the implementation of the System Safety Assessment, a great responsibility (and, accordingly, the risk of error) remains with the person. Model-Based Safety Assessment is a new and rapidly developing approach to evaluate the safety of airborne equipment worldwide, which improves existing methodologies for performing various analyzes, such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Implementation of FMEA using this approach requires the development of special software tools that allow both to create a model of the analyzed onboard equipment and systems, and to provide an opportunity to use this model when performing FMEA. One such tool is ANSYS Medini Analyze. Model-oriented method for performing FMEA is proposed within this article. This method fully complies with the requirements of ARP-4761 and provides possibility to minimize the likelihood of human error. Model-oriented method for performing FMEA has been probated on the example of flight control system at various levels of abstraction (system, item, functional block and hardware/software level).
Electrodynamic speed stabilizer for emergency wind power unit of an aircraft
Authors: Shirokov A A , Tishkov V V , Zdorova M V , Kaliy V A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new technical solution is proposed for a deeper and faster speed stabilization of an emergency aviation wind power unit (EAWPU) using an electromagnetic brake. The principle of the electromagnetic brake operation is considered and a simplified block diagram of the aircraft emergency power supply system is presented. An example of the design electromagnetic brake for installation on an EAWPU is proposed, and the results of a finite element analysis magnetic field and current density in the rotating part of the electrodynamic speed stabilizer are presented. The study of various materials and the thickness of the electromagnetic brake rotor is carried out in order to find the highest value of the braking torque. The main dependences of the braking torque on the excitation current, the rotor thickness and the EAWPU rotation speed are obtained. The simulation of the thermal processes electromagnetic brake is carried out in order to find the maximum temperature of the rotor, according to the results of which the temperature dependences on the rotor speed are constructed at different excitation currents of the electromagnetic brake.
Precise stabilization in space—Spektr-R onboard control system (RadioAstron)
Authors: Syrov A S , Sokolov V N , Shatskyi M A , Dobrynin D A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The report presents the outline of the Spektr-R onboard control system design (RadioAstron) and describes the method for attitude determination and for achievement of the pointing precision of the radio telescope during observing sessions. The required orientation accuracy is provided by a complex of information from an otroscopic instrument and astro sensors with filtering measurement noise. The achieved stabilization accuracy during the operation of the spacecraft is presented.
Role of DNA Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Malignancy in Bile Duct Biopsies Using Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
Authors: Wu Bicong , Liu Yong-Jun , Rogers Jessica , Liu Yao-Zhong , Rabinovitch Peter S , Small Thomas , Swanson Paul E , Yeh Matthew M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Histopathologic evaluation of bile biopsies for biliary strictures is frequently challenging and is affected by interobserver disagreement. Reliable ancillary tests that can help differentiate benign from malignant are not available. This study aimed to evaluate whether DNA content abnormalities detected by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue can help differentiate benign/reactive, dysplastic from malignant cell populations in bile duct biopsies.

Methods
We performed DNA flow cytometry on 30 FFPE bile duct biopsies in 5 well-defined diagnostic categories: (1) negative for dysplasia (NED), (2) low-grade dysplasia (LGD), (3) high-grade dysplasia (HGD), (4) carcinoma (CA), and (5) indefinite for dysplasia (IND).

Results
Abnormal DNA content was detected in 0 NED, 5 LGD (62.5%), 2 HGD (33.3%), 3 CA (60%), and 4 IND (80%) samples. As a diagnostic marker, the estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 63%, 100%, 100%, and 50%, respectively, for diagnosing HGD or CA.

Conclusions
DNA flow cytometry analysis is a useful ancillary test for the interpretation of bile duct biopsies. DNA content abnormalities, when correlated with histologic findings, will not only help confirm the morphologic impression but also identify patients who are at a higher risk of developing malignancy.
scAdapt: virtual adversarial domain adaptation network for single cell RNA-seq data classification across platforms and species
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Chai Hua , Zeng Yuansong , Zhao Huiying , Yang Yuedong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In single cell analyses, cell types are conventionally identified based on expressions of known marker genes, whose identifications are time-consuming and irreproducible. To solve this issue, many supervised approaches have been developed to identify cell types based on the rapid accumulation of public datasets. However, these approaches are sensitive to batch effects or biological variations since the data distributions are different in cross-platforms or species predictions. In this study, we developed scAdapt, a virtual adversarial domain adaptation network, to transfer cell labels between datasets with batch effects. scAdapt used both the labeled source and unlabeled target data to train an enhanced classifier and aligned the labeled source centroids and pseudo-labeled target centroids to generate a joint embedding. The scAdapt was demonstrated to outperform existing methods for classification in simulated, cross-platforms, cross-species, spatial transcriptomic and COVID-19 immune datasets. Further quantitative evaluations and visualizations for the aligned embeddings confirm the superiority in cell mixing and the ability to preserve discriminative cluster structure present in the original datasets.
Deep learning methods for biomedical named entity recognition: a survey and qualitative comparison
Authors: Song Bosheng , Li Fen , Liu Yuansheng , Zeng Xiangxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe biomedical literature is growing rapidly, and the extraction of meaningful information from the large amount of literature is increasingly important. Biomedical named entity (BioNE) identification is one of the critical and fundamental tasks in biomedical text mining. Accurate identification of entities in the literature facilitates the performance of other tasks. Given that an end-to-end neural network can automatically extract features, several deep learning-based methods have been proposed for BioNE recognition (BioNER), yielding state-of-the-art performance. In this review, we comprehensively summarize deep learning-based methods for BioNER and datasets used in training and testing. The deep learning methods are classified into four categories: single neural network-based, multitask learning-based, transfer learning-based and hybrid model-based methods. They can be applied to BioNER in multiple domains, and the results are determined by the dataset size and type. Lastly, we discuss the future development and opportunities of BioNER methods.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation for treating depression: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Wang Kun , Xue Qing , Peng Mao , Yin Lu , Gu Xuecun , Leng Haixia , Lu Juan , Liu Hongzhi , Wang Di , Xiao Jin , Sun Zhichao , Li Ning , Dong Kai , Zhang Qian , Zhan Shuqin , Fan Chunqiu , Min Baoquan , Zhou Aihong , Xie Yunyan , Song Haiqing , Ye Jing , Liu Aihua , Gao Ran , Huang Liyuan , Jiao Lidong , Song Yang , Dong Huiqing , Tian Zichen , Si Tianmei , Zhang Xiangyang , Li Xinmin , Kamiya Atsushi , Cosci Fiammetta , Gao Keming , Wang Yuping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Treatment of depression with antidepressants is partly effective. Transcranial alternating current stimulation can provide a non-pharmacological alternative for adult patients with major depressive disorder. However, no study has used the stimulation to treat first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.
We used a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design to examine the clinical efficacy and safety of the stimulation in treating first-episode drug-naïve patients in a Chinese Han population. From 4 June 2018 to 30 December 2019, 100 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to receive 20 daily 40-min, 77.5 Hz, 15 mA, one forehead and two mastoid sessions of active or sham stimulation (n = 50 for each group) in four consecutive weeks (Week 4), and were followed for additional 4-week efficacy/safety assessment without stimulation (Week 8). The primary outcome was a remission rate defined as the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) score ≤ 7 at Week 8. Secondary analyses were response rates (defined as a reduction of ≥ 50% in the HDRS-17), changes in depressive symptoms and severity from baseline to Week 4 and Week 8, and rates of adverse events. Data were analysed in an intention-to-treat sample.
Forty-nine in the active and 46 in the sham completed the study. Twenty-seven of 50 (54%) in the active treatment group and 9 of 50 (18%) in the sham group achieved remission at the end of Week 8. The remission rate was significantly higher in the active group compared to that in the sham group with a risk ratio of 1.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.29, 2.47). Compared with the sham, the active group had a significantly higher remission rate at Week 4, response rates at Weeks 4 and 8, and a larger reduction in depressive symptoms from baseline to Weeks 4 and 8. Adverse events were similar between the groups.
In conclusion, the stimulation on the frontal cortex and two mastoids significantly improved symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder and may be considered as a non-pharmacological intervention for them in an outpatient setting.
Extended Frontal Networks for Visual and Auditory Working Memory
Authors: Noyce Abigail L , Lefco Ray W , Brissenden James A , Tobyne Sean M , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G , Somers David C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Working memory (WM) supports the persistent representation of transient sensory information. Visual and auditory stimuli place different demands on WM and recruit different brain networks. Separate auditory- and visual-biased WM networks extend into the frontal lobes, but several challenges confront attempts to parcellate human frontal cortex, including fine-grained organization and between-subject variability. Here, we use differential intrinsic functional connectivity from 2 visual-biased and 2 auditory-biased frontal structures to identify additional candidate sensory-biased regions in frontal cortex. We then examine direct contrasts of task functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual versus auditory 2-back WM to validate those candidate regions. Three visual-biased and 5 auditory-biased regions are robustly activated bilaterally in the frontal lobes of individual subjects (N = 14, 7 women). These regions exhibit a sensory preference during passive exposure to task stimuli, and that preference is stronger during WM. Hierarchical clustering analysis of intrinsic connectivity among novel and previously identified bilateral sensory-biased regions confirms that they functionally segregate into visual and auditory networks, even though the networks are anatomically interdigitated. We also observe that the frontotemporal auditory WM network is highly selective and exhibits strong functional connectivity to structures serving non-WM functions, while the frontoparietal visual WM network hierarchically merges into the multiple-demand cognitive system.
CNVIntegrate: the first multi-ethnic database for identifying copy number variations associated with cancer
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amrita , Teoh Zi Han , Wu Chi-Yun , Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy , Lai Liang-Chuan , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Wu Chia-Hsin , Lu Tzu-Pin , Chuang Eric Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human copy number variations (CNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) are DNA segments (&gt;1000 base pairs) of duplications or deletions with respect to the reference genome, potentially causing genomic imbalance leading to diseases such as cancer. CNVs further cause genetic diversity in healthy populations and are predominant drivers of gene/genome evolution. Initiatives have been taken by the research community to establish large-scale databases to comprehensively characterize CNVs in humans. Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) is one such endeavor that catalogs CNVs, of nearly 60 000 healthy individuals across five demographic clusters. Furthermore, large projects such as the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) combine CNA data from cancer-affected individuals and large panels of human cancer cell lines, respectively. However, we lack a structured and comprehensive CNV/CNA resource including both healthy individuals and cancer patients across large populations. CNVIntegrate is the first web-based system that hosts CNV and CNA data from both healthy populations and cancer patients, respectively, and concomitantly provides statistical comparisons between copy number frequencies of multiple ethnic populations. It further includes, for the first time, well-cataloged CNV and CNA data from Taiwanese healthy individuals and Taiwan Breast Cancer data, respectively, along with imported resources from ExAC, COSMIC and CCLE. CNVIntegrate offers a CNV/CNA-data hub for structured information retrieval for clinicians and scientists towards important drug discoveries and precision treatments.
Database URL: http://cnvintegrate.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/
Aberrant lung lipids cause respiratory impairment in a Mecp2-deficient mouse model of Rett syndrome
Authors: Vashi Neeti , Ackerley Cameron , Post Martin , Justice Monica J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Severe respiratory impairment is a prominent feature of Rett syndrome, an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Despite MECP2’s ubiquitous expression, respiratory anomalies are attributed to neuronal dysfunction. Here, we show that neutral lipids accumulate in mouse Mecp2-mutant lungs, whereas surfactant phospholipids decrease. Conditional deletion of Mecp2 from lipid-producing alveolar epithelial 2 (AE2) cells causes aberrant lung lipids and respiratory symptoms, whereas deletion of Mecp2 from hindbrain neurons results in distinct respiratory abnormalities. Single-cell RNA sequencing of AE2 cells suggests lipid production and storage increase at the expense of phospholipid synthesis. Lipid production enzymes are confirmed as direct targets of MECP2-directed nuclear receptor co-repressor 1/2 transcriptional repression. Remarkably, lipid-lowering fluvastatin improves respiratory anomalies in Mecp2-mutant mice. These data implicate autonomous pulmonary loss of MECP2 in respiratory symptoms for the first time and have immediate impacts on patient care.
Identifying oligodendrocyte enhancers governing Plp1 expression
Authors: Kim Dongkyeong , An Hongjoo , Fan Chuandong , Park Yungki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin in the central nervous system (CNS), which accelerates the propagation of action potentials and supports axonal integrity. As a major component of CNS myelin, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is indispensable for the axon-supportive function of myelin. Notably, this function requires the continuous high-level expression of Plp1 in OLs. Equally important is the controlled expression of Plp1, as illustrated by Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease for which the most common cause is PLP1 overexpression. Despite a decade-long search, promoter–distal OL enhancers that govern Plp1 remain elusive. We have recently developed an innovative method that maps promoter–distal enhancers to genes in a principled manner. Here, we applied it to Plp1, uncovering two OL enhancers for it (termed Plp1-E1 and Plp1-E2). Remarkably, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference epigenome editing showed that Plp1-E1 and Plp1-E2 do not regulate two genes in their vicinity, highlighting their exquisite specificity to Plp1. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) data show that Plp1-E1 and Plp1-E2 are OL-specific enhancers that are conserved among human, mouse and rat. Hi-C data reveal that the physical interactions between Plp1-E1/2 and PLP1 are among the strongest in OLs and specific to OLs. We also show that Myrf, a master regulator of OL development, acts on Plp1-E1 and Plp1-E2 to promote Plp1 expression.
Tracheal window resection and reconstruction via sternocleidomastoid flap for invasive thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Xia Xin , Cai Yonghua , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhu Yingying , Shen Le , Zhou Yalin , Diao Wenwen , Chen Xingming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to present surgical techniques and evaluate outcomes of a sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) myoperiosteal flap used for the reconstruction of tracheal or laryngotracheal defects after the radical resection of invasive thyroid carcinoma.

METHODS
A retrospective study was performed for patients at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018 of papillary thyroid carcinoma with tracheal or laryngotracheal invasion. Patients were enrolled only when they received window resection and reconstruction via an SCM myoperiosteal flap. The primary outcome was a stable airway, and the secondary outcome was survival.

RESULTS
A total of 15 invasive thyroid carcinoma patients were enrolled in this study. Laryngotracheal and tracheal reconstruction were performed in 11 and 4 patients respectively, with a median vertical defect of 3.5 cm (3.0, 4.5). A stable airway was achieved in 14 patients postoperatively. One patient experienced tracheal stenosis and received a second operation of tracheal sleeve resection and end-to-end anastomosis 105 days after the first operation. Tracheostomy was conducted in 5 out of 15 patients in whom the vertical defects were larger than 4 cm, and the tubes were extubated after a median time of 56 days (32, 84). The median observation time was 55 months (48, 86), and all 15 patients achieved a stable airway and showed no evidence of local recurrence at the end of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
For thyroid carcinoma with tracheal or laryngotracheal invasions, window resection with the SCM myoperiosteal flap reconstruction presented positive results in terms of a stable airway as well as oncological outcomes. The SCM myoperiosteal flap can be an appropriate reconstruction strategy, especially when the defects reach the thyroid cartilage.
Supravalvular aortic stenosis repair: surgical training of 2 repair techniques using 3D-printed models
Authors: Hussein Nabil , Honjo Osami , Barron David J , Yoo Shi-Joon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are a number of techniques used in the surgical treatment of supravalvular aortic stenosis with excellent results; however, junior surgeons’ experience may be limited due to its rare nature. Simulation with 3D-printed models provides a safe platform for surgeons to rehearse surgical techniques prior to patient application but must replicate all features of surgical anatomy. Here, we describe how software manipulation can be used to accurately reproduce the surgical anatomy in supravalvular aortic stenosis and be used to train surgeons in 2 different techniques.
Limited Neutralization of Authentic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Carrying E484K In Vitro
Authors: Widera Marek , Wilhelm Alexander , Hoehl Sebastian , Pallas Christiane , Kohmer Niko , Wolf Timo , Rabenau Holger F , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Vehreschild Maria J G T , Goetsch Udo , Gottschalk Rene , Ciesek Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Whether monoclonal antibodies are able to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern has been investigated using pseudoviruses. In this study we show that bamlanivimab, casirivimab, and imdevimab efficiently neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2, including variant B.1.1.7 (alpha), but variants B.1.351 (beta) and P.2 (zeta) were resistant against bamlanivimab and partially resistant to casirivimab.
Whether antibodies are able to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variantshas been investigated using pseudoviruses. We show that authentic SARS-CoV-2 carrying E484K were resistant against bamlanivimab and less susceptible to casirivimab, convalescent and vaccine-elicited sera.