bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undernutrition and associated factors among incarcerated people in Mizan prison institute, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Wondimu Wondimagegn , Girma Bethlehem , Sinaga Melese , Taye Abonesh 
Published: May 2021

Background
In resource-limited countries like Ethiopia, where malnutrition is a common problem, incarcerated people’s sentences might be changed into a death sentence if the problems of undernutrition are not well understood and managed properly. There is limited evidence on nutritional status and associated factors among incarcerated people in low- income countries like Ethiopia, including the study area.

Objective
To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among incarcerated people in Mizan prison institute, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 incarcerated people in Mizan prison institute from April 1 to 27, 2020, using a stratified sampling technique. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The outcome variable (undernutrition) was assessed by measuring body mass index (BMI). Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the strength of association and a p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of statistical significance.

Results
The magnitude of undernutrition was 18.6% (95%CI: 14.4%, 22.8%). Being in the age category of 18–29 years (AOR = 2.60; 95%CI: 1.22,5.52), history of previous incarceration (AOR = 2.31;95%CI: 1.23,4.34), duration of imprisonment (AOR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.05,1.34), having depression (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.10,3.97) and sleeping in group (AOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.18,4.01) were factors significantly associated with an increased odds of undernutrition. However, the presence of family support significantly decreased (AOR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.69) the odds of undernutrition.

Conclusion
The magnitude of undernutrition in the prison was found to be comparable to that of the general population in Ethiopia. The efforts on the ground to tackle undernutrition in the general population shall be extended to incarcerated people, especially by focusing on vulnerable groups such as those who had longer durations of incarceration, history of previous imprisonment, depression and no support.
PROGRESS IMPLEMENTATION OF TARGET 9 OF GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION CONDUCTED BY INDONESIAN BOTANIC GARDEN NETWORK
Authors: Hanum Siti Fatimah 
Published: May 2021

Plant have been cultivated for a long time, they have been selected and bred by our ancestors for their nutritional qualities, flavor, productivity, storage ability and other valued traits. Crop Wild Relative (CWR) are often neglected because they have not been used for domestication. However, world population growth together with the potentially adverse impact of climate change on agricultural production, calls for greater action to ensure global food security. Indonesian Botanic Garden already ratified Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). One of the programs is the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The GSPC vision is to stop the plant diversity loss through five objectives and 16 targets for plant conservation to be achieved by 2020. The study was to identify the implementation of target 9 of GSPC by Indonesian Botanic Garden Network. The result showed that there are four reason Indonesian Botanic Garden has participated in target 9 of GSPC, We also provided success stories from other botanic garden to encourage Indonesian Botanic Garden to conserve more Indonesian Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) whilst facilitating their use in crop improvement.
Probiotics: To Use or Not to Use? That Is the Question
Authors: Schmulson Max 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This Editorial analyzes the paper by Schnadower et al on the secondary analysis of 2 randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and a combination of L. rhamnosus R0011 and L. helveticus R0052, showing that moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis symptoms as primary endpoint, did not differ between probiotics or placebo. The data is important because probiotics are commonly used and prescribed in clinical practice, many times without strong evidence and producing a high economic burden. Two other examples are addressed. A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trial of L. reuteri DSM 17938 finding that this probiotic reduced the duration of diarrhea and hospitalization, to discuss the issue that the effect of probiotics is strain specific. In addition, the different findings of reviews and meta-analyses of probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome in which a common conclusion of all of them was that adequately powered randomized controlled trials are required to better determine the species, strains and doses of probiotics, as well as the treatment duration that is most efficacious. Finally, the fact that probiotics are frequently prescribed despite lacking regulations by pharmaceutical authorities is addressed.
Immediate effects of the practise of Sheethali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers
Authors: Rohini P. , Roopa S. , Padmavathi R. , Maheshkumar K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Sheetali pranayama, a cooling pranayama is best known for its calming and relaxing nature, widely used for many conditions like depression, anxiety and hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate effect of the practice of Sheetali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Apparently, 60 healthy volunteers were involved, from both sexes. They were split into pranayama (n=30) and control (n=30) groups at random. Sheetali pranayama was performed for 5 min (5 cycles) in the pranayama group and normal breathing (12–16 breaths/min) was permitted in the control group. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded with RMS polyrite in the supine position after 5 min of rest.

Results
The HR in the pranayama group significantly decreased (p=0.04). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure, pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) relative to control after pranayama practice. Pre-Post inter-group results has also shown that the pranayama group has substantially decreased HR and BP indices.

Conclusions
Present study shows that the practice of Sheetlai pranayama creates a relaxed state, and parasympathetic activity overrides sympathetic activity in this state. It indicates that in healthy volunteers, pranayama strengthens the resting cardiovascular parameters.
Ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch improves pulmonary function and inflammation in LPS-induced acute lung injury mice
Authors: Honari Niloofar , Shaban Parastoo , Nasseri Saeed , Hosseini Mehran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening pulmonary dysfunction associated with severe inflammation. There are still no effective pharmacological therapies for the treatment of ALI. In this concern, several anti-inflammatory agents could be used as add-on therapy to inhibit inflammation. Achillea wilhelmsii (AW) C. Koch is a well-known medicinal plant in the Iranian ethnomedical practices with anti-inflammatory activity. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of AW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice.

Methods
The ALI model was established via the intra-tracheal (i.t.) administration of LPS (2 mg/kg) to male BALB/c mice. The ALI mice were divided into four groups (n=8 each) which intra-peritoneally (i.p.) treated with repeated doses of saline (model), dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and AW (150–300 mg/kg) 1, 11 and 23 h post LPS administration. Twenty-four hours after the LPS challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were evaluated for inflammatory cell influx, level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and histopathological changes.

Results
The AW (150–300 mg/kg) treated mice showed lower inflammatory cells infiltration in BALF and TNF-α level when compared to the model group. In addition, LPS induced several pathological alterations such as edema, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration into the interstitium and alveolar spaces. Treatment with AW significantly reduced LPS-induced pathological injury.

Conclusions
Taken together, the data here indicated that AW may be considered as a promising add-on therapy for ALI.
“I am not that I play” – The use of hypercorrection in the performance of gender by Shakespeare’s ‘breeches’ parts
Authors: Birchfield Alexandra , Coto-Solano Rolando 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study uses variationist sociolinguistic methodology to explore the construction of gender in four of Shakespeare’s comedies. Gender performance is at issue in these plays specifically, not only because, in Shakespeare’s time at least, young male actors play the female roles, but also because each play contains a female character in male disguise. By analysing and comparing the patterns of variation used by Shakespeare’s female, male and “female as male” characters, this study provides further insight into Shakespeare’s construction and conceptualisation of gender. Further, by comparing the patterns of gender variation found in these plays with non-fiction data on the gendered variation of the period (Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. 2003.Historical sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.), it is possible to investigate how accurately Shakespeare captures the sociolinguistic variation present in his society. This study hopes to provide support both for the validity of using sociolinguistic methods to study literature but also for using data from literature in studies of historical sociolinguistic variation and change.
Effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pulmonary function testing in children with asthma
Authors: Jones LaQuita M. , Regan Christopher , Wolf Kimberly , Bryant Jenifer , Rakowsky Alexander , Pe Melissa , Snyder Dane A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Asthma is a leading cause of pediatric chronic illness, and poor disease control can lead to decreased quality of life and impaired academic performance. Although osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been shown to have positive effects on pulmonary function in adult patient populations, less is known about its impact in children.

Objectives
To evaluate changes in pulmonary function testing (PFT) in pediatric patients on the same day they received OMT compared with PFT in those who received usual care.

Methods
We recruited patients between the ages of 7–18 years with a diagnosis of asthma who were receiving routine care at a primary care asthma clinic and had undergone baseline spirometry. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: clinical indication for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry on the day of their visit, albuterol use in the last 8 hours, oral steroid use in the previous 2 weeks, or diagnosis of asthma exacerbation in the previous 4 weeks. Eligible patients were then randomized to either an OMT or a control group. Patients in the OMT group were treated with rib raising and suboccipital release in addition to standard asthma care, while control group patients received standard care only. A second PFT was performed for patients in both groups at the end of the visit. OMT was performed by multiple osteopathic pediatric residents specifically trained for this study. Change in spirometry results (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiration volume in 1 second [FEV1], FVC/FEV1, and forced expiratory flow 25–75%) were then compared.

Results
The study population included 58 patients: 31 (53.4%) were assigned to the OMT group and 27 (46.6%) were assigned to the standard of care group. Patients who received OMT had greater improvement in all spirometry values compared to the usual group; however, these changes were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The benefits of OMT on short term spirometry results in pediatric asthma patients remain unclear.
Application of the polycaprolactone polymer for the encapsulation of geraniol: evaluation of the efficiency and stability
Authors: Carniel Thaís Karoline , Fagundes Pâmela , Vivan Ana Carolina , Silva Luciano Luiz , Zanetti Micheli , Dalcanton Francieli , de Mello Josiane Maria Muneron , Fiori Márcio Antônio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Geraniol has been an attractive compound for food preservation due to its antibacterial and antifungal actions. The main objective of this study was to produce and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) capsules for the protection of the encapsulated geraniol essential oil. The encapsulation was carried out using a miniemulsion polymerization technique with an efficiency of (95.44 ± 0.60%). The capsules were obtained with a mean size of 148 nm and with a polydispersity index of 0.12. Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the formation of spherical capsules of PCL coating the geraniol. From the analysis of thermogravimetry, it was possible to prove the thermal protection of geraniol by PCL coating since the release of the encapsulated geraniol occurred with temperatures 100 °C higher than the volatilization temperature of the natural compound. An important observation was that the microcapsules of PCL-geraniol immersed in aqueous suspensions at 4 °C showed good stability over 60 days.
Effiziente Schätzung des Ego-Fahrstreifens auf RGB-Sequenzen für Mikromobilitätssysteme
Authors: Peter Rebekka Charlotte , Song Yuduo , Ng Yew Hon , Lauer Martin 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
In dieser Arbeit wird eine effiziente Methode zur Schätzung der Ego-Fahrstreifen vorgestellt. Das System ist ausgelegt auf die Anwendung für Mikromobilitätssysteme wie E-Fahrräder, E-Scooter oder E-Dreiräder und basiert auf Sequenzen von RGB-Bildern, die aus der Fahrerperspektive aufgenommen werden. Um die Grenzen verschiedener Fahrbahntypen, insbesondere Fußwegen, Radwegen und Straßen, robust zu detektieren, wird ein gradientenbasierter Kantendetektor mit einem Farbsegmentierungansatz kombiniert. Sowohl geometrische Gegebenheiten als auch zeitliche Inferenz werden genutzt, um die Schätzung zu optimieren, insbesondere in schwierigen Fällen wie Kurven. Dabei ist insbesondere die dynamische Schätzung des Fluchtpunkts mithilfe des Optischen Flusses zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Bildern von Bedeutung. Tests mit zwei Aufnahmesetups und drei verschiedenen Aufrahmeraten zeigen, dass der Ego-Fahrstreifen in den meisten Fällen mit hoher Genauigkeit detektiert und in Kurven passend approximiert wird. Dies wird von der quantitative Evaluation anhand von über 2000 Testbildern bestätigt, die eine IoU von 75,28 % ergibt. Eine Performanz von 12 fps auf einem Raspberry Pi 3 zeigt zudem, dass die Methode wenig rechenintensiv ist, was als Vorraussetzung für die Anwendung in der Mikromobilität gilt.
A Review on Toxicity and Challenges in Transferability of Surface-functionalized Metallic Nanoparticles from Animal Models to Humans
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Arif , Yousuf Rabia Ismail , Shoaib Muhammad Harris , Asghar Muhammad Asif , Mumtaz Nazish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The unique size and surface morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) have substantially influenced all aspects of human life, making nanotechnology a novel and promising field for various applications in biomedical sciences. Metallic NPs have gained immense interest over the last few decades due to their promising optical, electrical, and biological properties. However, the aggregation and the toxic nature of these NPs have restricted their utilization in more optimized applications. The optimum selection of biopolymers and biological macromolecules for surface functionalization of metallic NPs will significantly improve their biological applicability and biocompatibility. The present mini-review attempts to stress the overview of recent strategies involved in surface functionalization of metallic NPs, their specific biomedical applications, and comparison of their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo toxicities with non-functionalized metallic NPs. In addition, this review also discusses the various challenges for metallic NPs to undergo human clinical trials.
Didactical Design for Overcoming Students' Learning Obstacles on the Inverse Function Concept
Authors: Muin Abdul , Pratiwi Arista Ambar , Satriawati Gusni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inverse function in secondary schools is still a difficult concept to learn. Meanwhile, in national exams or competitions this problem often arises. Didactic design is an attempt to improve the learning process. The purpose of this study is to identify the epistemological obstacle, to develop the learning designs, and to describe the students’ responses regarding the implementation of inverse function’s concept learning designs in the class. This research was held in one of Senior High School in South Tangerang of 38 people from class X. The research method is Didactical Design Research (DDR). This method is conducted from three stages, prospective analysis, metapedia didactic analysis, and retrospective analysis. The result of the study was indicated that the student’s obstacles are according to predictions and didactical design still generates some new epistemological obstacle. The revised didactical design was obtained by updating the initial didactical design to resolve the obstacle. The revised didactical design includes choosing vocabulary, adding new instructions, and expanding predictions and anticipating student responses.AbstrakFungsi invers di sekolah menengah masih merupakan konsep yang sulit dipelajari. Sedangkan dalam ujian atau kompetisi nasional masalah ini sering muncul. Desain didaktik merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan epistemologis, mengembangkan desain pembelajaran, dan mendeskripsikan tanggapan siswa terkait penerapan desain pembelajaran konsep fungsi invers di kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas di Tangerang Selatan yang berjumlah 38 orang dari kelas X. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Desain Didaktik. Metode ini dilakukan dari tiga tahap yaitu analisis prospektif, analisis metapedadidaktik, dan analisis retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami siswa sesuai dengan prediksi dan desain didaktis masih menimbulkan hambatan epistemologis baru. Desain didaktis yang direvisi diperoleh dengan memperbarui desain didaktis awal untuk menyelesaikan kesulitan. Desain didaktis yang direvisi terdiri atas: memilih kosakata, menambahkan instruksi baru, dan memperluas prediksi dan mengantisipasi respon siswa. How to Cite: Muin, A., Pratiwi, A. A., Satriawati, G. (2020). Didactical Design for Overcoming Students' Learning Obstacles on the Inverse Function Concept. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 7(2), 183-191. doi:10.15408/tjems.v7i2.13041.
Antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Authors: Cruz Martín Mileidy , Leyva Liliana , Acosta Suárez Mayra , Pichardo Tatiana , Bermúdez Caraballoso Idalmis , Alvarado Capó Yelenys 
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Due to the absence of totally effective either economically viable chemical agents for the control of Fusarium wilt, the use of antagonistic microorganisms is of great interest since it could represent a more economically and ecologically sustainable alternative. Objective. To analyze the antifungal effect of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain against Fusarium oxysporum. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of the Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Cuba, between September 2017 and June, 2018. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of its culture filtrate and cell against F. oxysporum has been assayed. Results. The results indicated that the metabolites present in the culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 significantly influenced the growth and morphology of the mycelium and the conidia. They also caused oxidative damage to the lipid molecules of F. oxysporum. In addition, this strain showed inhibitory effects on the development of the disease under controlled conditions. These aspects are key when selecting a bacterial candidate as a biological control agent. Conclusions. The results showed that the B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain, isolated from Musa sp., had an in vitro antifungal effect against the vegetative and reproductive structures of Foc race 1 as well as on the Musa spp.-F. oxysporum interaction. This strain is suggested for the development of a bioproduct for Fusarium wilt management.
Tipificación con secuencias multilocus en Lactobacillus casei procedentes de ensilados de cáscara de piña
Authors: WingChing Jones Rodolfo , Redondo Solano Mauricio , Usaga Jessie , Uribe Lidieth , Barboza Natalia 
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Lactobacillus casei se caracteriza por adaptarse al medio durante el proceso fermentativo. Objetivo. Caracterizar con tipificación de secuencias multilocus (MTLS), aislamientos de L. casei presentes en ensilados de cáscara de piña con niveles crecientes de urea. Materiales y métodos. Durante 2017 y con un diseño irrestricto al azar se prepararon veinte silos (2 kg). Cada cinco bolsas, se adicionaron 0, 0,5, 1 y 1,5 % de urea (p/p en base fresca). Después de treinta días, se tomó una muestra de cada repetición para realizar análisis bromatológicos. Se analizó materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), carbohidratos no fibrosos, fibra en detergente ácido (FDA), fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS), hemicelulosa, extracto etéreo (EE), cenizas, nitrógeno amoniacal y pH. Se determinó el recuento de bacterias ácido-lácticas (BAL) para cada uno de los tratamientos. La identificación de las BAL se realizó con la secuencia del ARNr 16S. Los aislamientos de L. casei fueron analizados con MTLS. Resultados. Los cuatro tratamientos evaluados no presentaron diferencias significativas en la MS (12,10 a 12,86%), FDA (31,44 a 32,18 %), FDN (58,46 a 58,56 %), hemicelulosa (26,36 a 27,02 %), EE (2,45 a 2,96 %), cenizas (4,96 a 5,12%), nitrógeno amoniacal (0,45 a 0,49 %) y pH (3,36 a 3,48). No así, en PC (6,94 a 9,12 %) y DIVMS (82,84 a 84,72 %). La adición de urea se asoció a cambios en las poblaciones de BAL (6,56 a 6,90 UFC). Siete aislamientos de L. casei se identificaron y tipificaron con cinco genes distintos. Se encontraron entre dos (polA) y cinco (nrdD, pgm, mutL) alelos; esto permitió identificar un total de seis secuencias tipo (ST) distintas en los aislados de Costa Rica. Conclusión. Los aislamientos de L. casei se encontraron emparentados a bacterias del tracto gastrointestinal en humanos.