bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungsmaterial und methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 4 richtet den Blick auf das Untersuchungsmaterial und methodische Vorgehen der empirischen Studie über die organisationale Wissensgenese und Wissensverwendung in der deutschen Automobilindustrie anhand von Social-Media-Analysen. Den Anfang macht ein Exkurs in die sozialkonstruktivistische Perspektive, die die gesamte empirische Forschung in theoretischer Hinsicht gerahmt hat. Darauf folgend wird die Grounded Theory Methodologie als der Forschungsstil dargelegt, an dem sich die vorliegende Arbeit in ihrer empirischen Umsetzung orientiert hat. Es schließt sich ein weiterer Exkurs in die Wissensart des Expertenwissens an. Im Mittelpunkt des Kapitels steht die Darstellung der empirischen Erhebung sowie der Auswertung des Untersuchungsmaterials. Die Datenerhebung wie die Datenauswertung werden nacheinander in je mehreren Etappen beschrieben. Um die Erhebung der Daten abzubilden, wird nach einer Vorstellung der Methode des Experteninterviews das Erhebungsinstrument betrachtet, welches erarbeitet wurde und zum Einsatz kam. Nach einer Darstellung des Erhebungszeitraums geht es um den Feldzugang sowie die Fallauswahl. In weiteren drei Etappen wird die empirische Auswertung der Daten erläutert. Im Anschluss an einen Einblick in die Datenaufbereitung wird der entlang des Codierparadigmas der Grounded Theory Methodologie realisierte Codierprozess erklärt und die durchgeführte Typenbildung vorgestellt.
Social-Media-Analysen in der Automobilindustrie
Authors: Säugling Carolin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungKapitel 5 beinhaltet erste Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung und weist am Ende jedes Abschnitts ein Zwischenfazit auf. Social-Media-Analysen in der deutschen Automobilindustrie werden rekonstruiert, indem diese Studie zunächst die angewandte Praxis von Social-Media-Analysen nachzeichnet. Es waren zwei Varianten der Methode auszumachen und drei Arten der methodischen Umsetzung und praktischen Durchführung zu erkennen. Sämtliche Optionen der Praxis stellt diese Arbeit gesondert vor. Daraufhin geht es um Social-Media-Analysen als Methode. Dargestellt wird dies, indem zunächst deren Charakteristika gezeigt werden, um anschließend sowohl die Vorteile als auch die Nachteile der Methode der Social-Media-Analysen zu beschreiben. Am Ende des Kapitels werden Social-Media-Analysen auf andere Methoden bezogen und mit diesen verglichen. Nach einer Gegenüberstellung mit der Marktforschung richtet sich der Blick gesondert auf die jeweiligen Potentiale beider. Ferner werden die spezifischen Herausforderungen der Methode der Social-Media-Analysen zusammengefasst und es wird die festzustellende Tendenz beschrieben, die Methode nicht für sich alleine sprechen und stehen zu lassen.
Limits on the Extraterritoriality of United States Export Control and Sanctions Legislation
Authors: Voetelink Joop 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sovereignty of states is reflected in the notion of jurisdiction, empowering them to enact and enforce laws and regulations, and to adjudicate disputes in court. The jurisdiction of states and the exercise thereof is primarily territorial, limiting the exercise of state authority to their respective national territories except in specific situations. However, in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, it would be hard to maintain that a state should be denied the right to exercise its sovereign powers beyond national borders when there are reasonable grounds for doing so. Consequently, the exercise of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction has become more accepted, although it is limited to particular situations and circumstances. These have to do with the exercise of jurisdiction over nationals, vessels and aircraft registered in or pertaining to the legislating state, as well as certain activities aimed at undermining the state’s security or solvency or which constitute crimes under international law. However, in principle it is not allowed to regulate activities of foreign nationals or entities operating wholly outside the legislating state’s territory. One area where this has become increasingly prevalent is through the exercise of export controls over foreign nationals and legal persons. The United States (US) has long been engaged in the exercise of this type of extraterritorial jurisdiction and is, without doubt, the state that is most proactive in doing so. This chapter considers US extraterritorial claims with respect to its export control and sanctions legislation and explores the limits of this practice under public international law.
Case: Dronebuster; Handling Non-compliance to ITAR
Authors: Nieboer Wim , van Manen Dik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyses the unauthorized transfer of a Dronebuster for testing in a fictitious European NATO member state (EUMS). As the Dronebuster had been purchased in the US, it remained subject to US export control regulations, and, prior authorization was warranted. As there had been no requests for prior authorization, this transfer is considered non-compliant behaviour. Using the Problem-Oriented Policing framework, we investigate the underlying causes and conditions. We argue that a coordinated operation of a mix of hard- and soft controls is the optimal response to prevent such behaviour.
Case: Non-compliance at Fokker Services
Authors: Klappe Ben , Keunen Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrom late 2005 through to late 2010, Fokker Services BV (FSBV) failed to comply with the economic sanctions the United States (US) Government had established against Iran and Sudan. By scanning the case, violations by FSBV came to light in a structured way, laying bare how FSBV operated to evade export control, breaching sanctions regimes and export control laws. Next, analysis stipulated that the cause and conditions of the violation of the export control regulations were mainly rooted in the tone at the top, the role of (intermediary) management and the absence of a Compliance Program. Subsequently, a short-term and a long-term response were formulated addressing the tone at the top, the development of an Internal Compliance Program, and the application of soft controls to promote an ethical culture.
Supersymmetric black holes with spiky horizons
Authors: Faedo Federico , Klemm Silke , Viganò Adriano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe use the recipe of [1] to find half-BPS near-horizon geometries in the t3model ofN= 2,D= 4 gauged supergravity, and explicitely construct some new examples. Among these are black holes with noncompact horizons, but also with spherical horizons that have conical singularities (spikes) at one of the two poles. A particular family of them is extended to the full black hole geometry. Applying a double-Wick rotation to the near-horizon region, we obtain solutions with NUT charge that asymptote to curved domain walls with AdS3world volume. These new solutions may provide interesting testgrounds to address fundamental questions related to quantum gravity and holography.
Charged Higgs effects in IceCube: PeV events and NSIs
Authors: Dey Ujjal Kumar , Nath Newton , Sadhukhan Soumya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Extensions of the Standard Model with charged Higgs, having a non-negligible coupling with neutrinos, can have interesting implications vis-à-vis neutrino experiments. Such models can leave their footprints not only in the ultra-high energy neutrino detectors like IceCube but can also give rise to the neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs). We consider a model based on the neutrinophilic two-Higgs doublets and study its imprints in the excess neutrino events in the 1–3 PeV energy bins at the IceCube. This is facilitated by the existence of a charged scalar in the model which can result in a Glashow-like resonance. The same charged scalar can be responsible for sizeable NSIs. We perform a combined study of the latest IceCube data along with various other constraints arising from different neutrino experiments together with the limits set by the LEP experiment, and explore the parameter space which can lead to a sizeable NSI.
On characterizations of amenable $$\hbox {C}^*$$-dynamical systems and new examples
Authors: Ozawa Narutaka , Suzuki Yuhei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show the equivalence of several amenability type conditions for$$\hbox {C}^*$$C∗-dynamical systems. As an application, based on the Pimsner–Meyer construction, we give a new method to produce amenable actions on simple$$\hbox {C}^*$$C∗-algebras.
Qualität der dermatologischen Versorgung von Neurodermitis in Deutschland – keine Verbesserung der Indikatoren nach 10 Jahren
Authors: Langenbruch A. , Mohr N. , Abeck F. , Schmitt J. , Ständer S. , Werfel T. , Thaçi D. , Weidinger S. , Augustin M. 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit AtopicHealth1 wurde 2010 die erste nationale Versorgungsstudie zur AD durchgeführt. Damals zeigte etwa ein Drittel der Patienten, die sich in einer Behandlung bei Dermatologen befanden, starke Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität, was auf eine unzureichende Versorgungsqualität hindeutete. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Charakterisierung der aktuellen Versorgung von Patienten mit Neurodermitis in dermatologischer Behandlung im Schweregradvergleich sowie im Vergleich zu 2010 und zu Psoriasis.

Methode
Die deutschlandweite multizentrische Querschnittstudie „AtopicHealth2“ erfasste klinische Daten, Lebensqualität (DLQI), Therapien, präventives Verhalten und patientendefinierten Behandlungsnutzen (PBI). Patienten mit einer Indikation für Systemtherapie wurden für Subgruppenanalysen als mittelschwer bis schwer, die anderen als leicht betroffen angesehen.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen 2017 und 2019 wurden 1291 Patienten durch 111 Zentren eingeschlossen, mittleres Alter 41 Jahre, 56,5 % weiblich. Im Vergleich zu 2010 fanden sich keine Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Lebensqualität (jeweils DLQI 8,5), Schweregrad (SCORAD 45,4 vs. 42,3 in 2010) und Therapienutzen (PBI 2,2 vs. 2,4 in 2010). Mittelschwer bis schwer betroffene Patienten zeigten häufiger Lebensqualitätseinbuße (45,4 % vs. 23,6 %) und seltener relevante Therapienutzen (PBI < 1: 21,3 % vs. 13,2 %) als leichter betroffene. Verglichen mit Psoriasis offenbarten die Patienten mit Neurodermitis höhere Lebensqualitätseinschränkungen (DLQI 8,5 vs. 6,1) und einen geringeren Behandlungsnutzen (PBI 2,2 vs. 2,8).

Diskussion
Im Vergleich zu 2010 zeigt sich keine verbesserte Versorgungsqualität von Neurodermitis in Deutschland. Im Vergleich zur Psoriasis weisen Patienten mit Neurodermitis höhere Belastungen und geringere therapeutische Nutzen auf, was den Bedarf an therapeutischen Innovationen unterstreicht.
Aggregation, asymmetry, and common factors for Bangladesh’s exchange rate–trade balance relation
Authors: Khatoon Rabeya , Hasan Md Emran , Ibon Md Wahid Ferdous , Islam Shahidul , Mehareen Jeenat , Murshed Rubaiya , Pabon Md Nahid Ferdous , Rahman Md. Jillur , Shuchi Musharrat Shabnam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present an application of the recent CS-ARDL methodology in the context of a country’s trade balance–exchange rate relationship. The trade balance is expected to deteriorate first before improving in response to currency depreciation and vice versa, widely known as the J-curve effect satisfying the Marshall–Lerner condition in the long run. Combining bilateral and aggregate analysis in one setting by constructing specific panel data with one reference country, we find that aggregate analysis is sensitive to our allowance for heterogeneity. Estimates using the aggregate time series data show evidence favoring the J-curve relation, whereas the aggregate analysis resulting from the panel time series data shows that currency appreciation improves trade balance in Bangladesh in the long run, which goes against the Marshall–Lerner condition. With the reference of the existing commodity-level literature, we argue that this atypical scenario lines with the realities of a ‘small’ economy like Bangladesh, where her exporters attempt to maintain their market share with some government support. The study provides essential policy suggestions by identifying the significant contributors to Bangladesh’s trade balance–exchange rate relationship: China, Japan, and Singapore.
The Milnor-Moore theorem for $$L_\infty $$ algebras in rational homotopy theory
Authors: Moreno Fernández José Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe give a construction of the universal enveloping $$A_\infty $$

A
∞

algebra of a given $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

algebra, alternative to the already existing versions. As applications, we derive a higher homotopy algebras version of the classical Milnor-Moore theorem. This proposes a new $$A_\infty $$

A
∞

model for simply connected rational homotopy types, and uncovers a relationship between the higher order rational Whitehead products in homotopy groups and the Pontryagin-Massey products in the rational loop space homology algebra.
Development of thermostable sucrose phosphorylase by semi-rational design for efficient biosynthesis of alpha-D-glucosylglycerol
Authors: Xia Yuanyuan , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Linli , Luo Xiaozhou , Shen Wei , Cao Yu , Peplowski Lukasz , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) can specifically catalyze transglycosylation reactions and can be used to enzymatically synthesize α-D-glycosides. However, the low thermostability of SPase has been a bottleneck for its industrial application. In this study, a SPase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 12,291 (LmSPase) was synthesized with optimized codons and overexpressed successfully in Escherichia coli. A semi-rational design strategy that combined the FireProt (a web server designing thermostable proteins), structure–function analysis, and molecular dynamic simulations was used to improve the thermostability of LmSPase. Finally, one single-point mutation T219L and a combination mutation I31F/T219L/T263L/S360A (Mut4) with improved thermostability were obtained. The half-lives at 50 °C of T219L and Mut4 both increased approximately two-fold compared to that of wild-type LmSPase (WT). Furthermore, the two variants T219L and Mut4 were used to produce α-D-glucosylglycerol (αGG) from sucrose and glycerol by incubating with 40 U/mL crude extracts at 37 °C for 60 h and achieved the product concentration of 193.2 ± 12.9 g/L and 195.8 ± 13.1 g/L, respectively, which were approximately 1.3-fold higher than that of WT (150.4 ± 10.0 g/L). This study provides an effective strategy for improving the thermostability of an industrial enzyme.

Key points
• Predicted potential hotspot residues directing the thermostability of LmSPase by semi-rational design
• Screened two positive variants with higher thermostability and higher activity
• Synthesized α-D-glucosylglycerol to a high level by two screened positive variants
Fine-scale morphological, genomic, reproductive, and symbiont differences delimit the Caribbean octocorals Plexaura homomalla and P. kükenthali
Authors: Pelosi Jessie A. , Bernal Moisés A. , Krabbenhoft Trevor J. , Galbo Samantha , Prada Carlos , Coffroth Mary Alice , Lasker Howard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOctocorals are conspicuous members of coral reefs and deep-sea ecosystems. Yet, species boundaries and taxonomic relationships within this group remain poorly understood, hindering our understanding of this essential component of the marine fauna. We used a multifaceted approach to revisit the systematics of the Caribbean octocorals Plexaura homomalla and Plexaura kükenthali, two taxa that have a long history of taxonomic revisions. We integrated morphological and reproductive analyses with high-throughput sequencing technology to clarify the relationship between these common gorgonians. Although size and shape of the sclerites are significantly different, there is overlap in the distributions making identification based on sclerites alone difficult. Differences in reproductive timing and mode of larval development were detected, suggesting possible mechanisms of pre-zygotic isolation. Furthermore, there are substantial genetic differences and clear separation of the two species in nuclear introns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from de novo assembled transcriptomes. Despite these differences, analyses with SNPs suggest that hybridization is still possible between the two groups. The two nascent species also differed in their symbiont communities (genus Breviolum) across multiple sampling sites in the Caribbean. Despite a complicated history of taxonomic revisions, our results support the differentiation of P. homomalla and P. kükenthali, emphasizing that integrative approaches are essential for Anthozoan systematics.
Serum exosomal miRNA from endometriosis patients correlates with disease severity
Authors: Wu Yahong , Yuan Wen , Ding Hui , Wu Xianqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells that contain a wide variety of biomolecules, including proteins or nucleic acids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are commonly found in exosomes, are known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.

Methods
This study investigated the miRNA expression profile of serum exosomes from women with endometriosis in comparison with normal controls as well as the possible role of identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Exosomes with a diameter between 60 and 100 nm were identified by their expression of exosomal marker proteins CD9 and CD63.

Results
Microarray miRNA expression profiling analysis revealed that 26 genes were significantly up-regulated and 19 genes were significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes from endometriosis patients compared with normal controls. These differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in the regulation of cellular development, metabolism, and involved in the regulation of the MAPK and PI3k-Akt pathways. qRT-PCR analysis verified the differential expression of three miRNAs, miR-26b-5p, miR-215-5p, and miR-6795-3p.

Conclusion
Further analysis indicated that these differentially expressed miRNAs in serum exosomes may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and are related to the severity and certain symptoms of endometriosis.
Olfactory receptor Olfr78 (prostate-specific G protein-coupled receptor PSGR) expression in arterioles supplying skeletal and cardiac muscles and in arterioles feeding some murine organs
Authors: Mermer Petra , Strotmann Jörg , Kummer Wolfgang , Paddenberg Renate 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe olfactory receptor Olfr78 (prostate-specific G protein-coupled receptor PSGR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family mediating olfactory chemosensation, but it is additionally expressed in other tissues. Olfr78 expressed in kidney participates in blood pressure regulation, and in prostate it plays a role in the development of cancer. We here screened many organs/tissues of transgenic mice co-expressing β-galactosidase with Olfr78. X-gal-positive cells were detectable in smooth muscle cells of numerous arterioles of striated muscles (heart ventricles and skeletal muscles of various embryological origin). In addition, in most organs where we found expression of Olfr78 mRNA, X-gal staining was restricted to smooth muscle cells of small blood vessels. The dominant expression of Olfr78 in arteriolar smooth muscle cells supports the concept of an important role in blood pressure regulation and suggests a participation in the fine tuning of blood supply especially of striated muscles. This should be considered when targeting Olfr78 in other contexts such as prostate cancer.
Eine Bedrohung für den Sinn? Human Enhancement und das sinnvolle Leben
Authors: Rüther Markus 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDas allgemeine Thema des Artikels besteht darin, zwei Diskussionskreise miteinander zu verbinden, die in Isolation betrachtet gut erforscht sind, aber selten zusammengebracht werden: die Diskussion um das sogenannte Human Enhancement und die Debatte um das sinnvolle Leben. Hierbei wird insbesondere die Behauptung ins Blickfeld gerückt, dass Techniken des Human Enhancement einen negativen Einfluss auf den Sinn haben könnten. Ist diese These plausibel? In diesem Artikel wird die These verteidigt, dass diese Frage verneint werden muss. Methodisch werden hierfür drei Varianten untersucht, in denen die Behauptung des negativen Einflusses vorgetragen werden können. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass entweder die Annahme eines negativen Einflusses aus empirischen Gründen wenig wahrscheinlich ist oder dass sie durch Modifikationen der Enhancement Techniken abgeschwächt werden können.
Understanding long-term groundwater flow at Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada National Security Site, USA, from naturally occurring geochemical and isotopic tracers
Authors: Kwicklis Edward , Farnham Irene , Hershey Ronald L. , Visser Ate , Hoaglund John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently collected naturally occurring geochemical and isotopic groundwater tracers were combined with historic data from the Pahute Mesa area of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), Nevada, USA, to provide insights into long-term regional groundwater flow patterns, mixing and recharge. Pahute Mesa was the site of 85 nuclear detonations between 1965 and 1992, many of them deeply buried devices that introduced radionuclides directly into groundwater. The dataset examined included major ions and field measurements, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H), oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C) and sulfur (δ34S), and radioisotopes of carbon (14C) and chloride (36Cl). Analysis of the patterns of groundwater 14C data and the δ2H and δ18O signatures indicates that groundwater recharge is predominantly of Pleistocene age, except for a few localized areas near major ephemeral drainages. Steep gradients in sulfate (SO4) and chloride (Cl) define a region near the western edge of the NNSS where high-concentration groundwater flowing south from north of the NNSS merges with dilute groundwater flowing west from eastern Pahute Mesa in a mixing zone that coincides with a groundwater trough associated with major faults. The 36Cl/Cl and δ34S data suggest that the source of the high Cl and SO4 in the groundwater was a now-dry, pluvial-age playa lake north of the NNSS. Patterns of groundwater flow indicated by the combined data sets show that groundwater is flowing around the northwest margin of the now extinct Timber Mountain Caldera Complex toward regional discharge areas in Oasis Valley.
Terrestrial ecosystems buffer inputs through storage and recycling of elements
Authors: Spohn Marie , Aburto Felipe , Ehlers Todd A. , Farwig Nina , Frings Patrick J. , Hartmann Henrik , Hoffmann Thomas , Larsen Annegret , Oelmann Yvonne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents a conceptual framework of buffering through storage and recycling of elements in terrestrial ecosystems and reviews the current knowledge about storage and recycling of elements in plants and ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems, defined here as plant-soil systems, buffer inputs from the atmosphere and bedrock through storage and recycling of elements, i.e., they dampen and delay their responses to inputs. Our framework challenges conventional paradigms of ecosystem resistance derived from plant community dynamics, and instead shows that element pools and fluxes have an overriding effect on the sensitivity of ecosystems to environmental change. While storage pools allow ecosystems to buffer variability in inputs over short to intermediate periods, recycling of elements enables ecosystems to buffer inputs over longer periods. The conceptual framework presented here improves our ability to predict the responses of ecosystems to environmental change. This is urgently needed to define thresholds which must not be exceeded to guarantee ecosystem functioning. This study provides a framework for future research to explore the extent to which ecosystems buffer variability in inputs.