bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships, infrageneric classification and species limits in the Neotropical genusFaramea(Coussareeae: Rubiaceae)
Authors: Löfstrand Stefan D , Taylor Charlotte M , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G , Rydin Catarina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFaramea is characterized by white or blue, tetramerous corollas and blue-black, fleshy fruits with a single, large pyrene. Both infrageneric relationships and species boundaries are poorly understood in the genus. This study represents the first broad-scale phylogenetic study of Faramea, with 80 of the c. 170 species sampled, 24 by two or more specimens. We aimed to include specimens representing the entire geographical, morphological and ecological ranges of the genus. Morphological characters historically utilized to delimit infrageneric sections in Faramea (e.g. bract and pyrene forms) were also evaluated. Only one of the currently accepted infrageneric sections was recovered as monophyletic (within a complex of species from other sections) and none of the morphological features traditionally utilized to determine infrageneric relationships in the genus was found to be uniquely diagnostic of a larger clade. Some Faramea lineages appear to be geographically isolated, with several clades containing solely specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest biomes. Of the 24 species represented by at least two specimens, 11 were supported as monophyletic, ten as non-monophyletic and three were not resolved as either monophyletic nor non-monophyletic. The results of the present study constitute a good basis for future studies of taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Faramea.
Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for WSN Based on Hybrid BSO–TLBO Optimization Model
Authors: Krishnan Kannan , Yamini B , Alenazy Wael Mohammad , Nalini M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most famous wireless sensor networks is one of the cheapest and rapidly evolving networks in modern communication. It can be used to sense various substantial and environmental specifications by providing cost-effective sensor devices. The development of these sensor networks is exploited to provide an energy-efficient weighted clustering method to increase the lifespan of the network. We propose a novel energy-efficient method, which utilizes the brainstorm algorithm in order to adopt the ideal cluster head (CH) to reduce energy draining. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the BrainStorm Optimization (BSO) algorithm is enhanced with the incorporation of the modified teacher–learner optimized (MTLBO) algorithm with it. The modified BSO–MTLBO algorithm can be used to attain an improved throughput, network lifetime, and to reduce the energy consumption by nodes and CH, death of sensor nodes, routing overhead. The performance of our proposed work is analyzed with other existing approaches and inferred that our approach performs better than all the other approaches.
APICURON: a database to credit and acknowledge the work of biocurators
Authors: Hatos András , Quaglia Federica , Piovesan Damiano , Tosatto Silvio C E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
APICURON is an open and freely accessible resource that tracks and credits the work of biocurators across multiple participating knowledgebases. Biocuration is essential to extract knowledge from research data and make it available in a structured and standardized way to the scientific community. However, processing biological data—mainly from literature—requires a huge effort that is difficult to attribute and quantify. APICURON collects biocuration events from third-party resources and aggregates this information, spotlighting biocurator contributions. APICURON promotes biocurator engagement implementing gamification concepts like badges, medals and leaderboards and at the same time provides a monitoring service for registered resources and for biocurators themselves. APICURON adopts a data model that is flexible enough to represent and track the majority of biocuration activities. Biocurators are identified through their Open Researcher and Contributor ID. The definition of curation events, scoring systems and rules for assigning badges and medals are resource-specific and easily customizable. Registered resources can transfer curation activities on the fly through a secure and robust Application Programming Interface (API). Here, we show how simple and effective it is to connect a resource to APICURON, describing the DisProt database of intrinsically disordered proteins as a use case. We believe APICURON will provide biological knowledgebases with a service to recognize and credit the effort of their biocurators, monitor their activity and promote curator engagement.
Database URL: https://apicuron.org
Incidence and clinical relevance of left atrial appendage membranes: a new congenital heart disease?
Authors: Cresti Alberto , Solari Marco , Gismondi Anna Laura , Baratta Pasquale , De Sensi Francesco , Breschi Marco , Limbruno Ugo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial appendage (LAA) membranes are rare congenital anomalies. Those involving the appendage orifice may obstruct its emptying flows, thus promoting blood stasis and clot formation. However, the epidemiology of LAA membranes has never been studied and a correlation with appendage thrombosis has never been proved. Very few case reports described LAA membranes, therefore, their frequency and clinical significance are not known. Moreover, their presence and degree are of crucial importance in planning LAA percutaneous closure, a procedure whose indication is evolving, and whether their presence can represent technical issues during the device implantation is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and the clinical significance of LAA membranes.

Methods and results
A population of 6030 consecutive transoesophageal echo (TOE) studies has been retrospectively reviewed in order to find those patients in whom an LAA membrane has been found. A literature research has been performed to review previous described cases. Among 6030 TOE cases, an LAA membrane has been described in 6 (prevalence of 1/1000). In one case, the membrane was associated to a severe LAA hypoplasia and in another case to an LAA thrombus (these represent the first cases ever described). All patients had an atrial fibrillation (AF) history and two were in AF during the TOE exam.

Conclusion
LAA membranes are rare congenital abnormalities occasionally discovered during a TOE exam, frequently in patients affected by AF. In half of the cases, they obstruct the LAA flow, thus theoretically pre-disposing to clot formation. They may be rarely associated to an appendage hypoplasia. During a TOE exam, cardiac imagers should always rule out their presence.
The effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on pulmonary artery pressures in a patient suffering from chronic heart failure: a case report
Authors: Radhoe Sumant P , Veenis Jesse F , Van Mieghem Nicolas M , Brugts Jasper J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is most commonly caused by left-sided heart disease and may negatively affect the long-term prognosis and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). CardioMEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) allows physicians to monitor pulmonary artery (PA) pressures remotely and optimize heart failure treatment based on haemodynamic parameters, which provides further insight into the effect of valvular interventions.

Case summary
We present a case of a 61-year-old male patient with an ischaemic cardiomyopathy, poor LV function, moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, and severe aortic valve regurgitation in refractory heart failure. Right heart catheterization and CardioMEMS monitoring revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with mean PA pressures of 55 mmHg and a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 21 mmHg despite up titration of heart failure medication and sildenafil. Pulmonary and systemic causes of pulmonary hypertension were excluded. After heart team consensus, the patient underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) which resulted in normalization of PA pressures and a significant improvement of functional performance.

Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the direct effects of TAVI on continuous PA pressures in a patient with poor LV function and severe aortic regurgitation. Elective TAVI appeared to be safe and very effective in reverting severe pulmonary hypertension. Most strikingly, drug interventions could not affect the elevated pulmonary pressures, but TAVI corrected the aortic valve insufficiency with normalization of left-sided pulmonary hypertension.
Surgical resection of a giant pericardial cyst: a case report
Authors: Taguchi Eiji , Oshitomi Takashi , Kamio Takihiro , Sakamoto Tomohiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Pericardial cysts are rare congenital mediastinal cysts. They are typically asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally, although some patients may present with chest pain and dyspnoea. Asymptomatic patients are managed conservatively with multiple modalities, with surgical resection often recommended for symptomatic patients only. The frequency of follow-up imaging has yet to be established.

Case summary
We report a case of a 59-year-old female with a gradually increasing pericardial cyst, first noted 10 years prior as an abnormal cardiac silhouette on routine chest radiography. Further evaluation confirmed the presence of a pericardial cyst compressing the left ventricle with new-onset atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent successful thoracoscopic excision of the pericardial cyst under general anaesthesia. The patient’s post-operative course was uneventful, and she was ultimately discharged in stable condition.

Discussion
Pericardial cysts are typically benign, but complications may arise in the case of compression of adjacent cardiac structures, inflammation, haemorrhage, or rupture of the cyst. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the better modality for both diagnosis and follow-up of pericardial cysts. This case illustrates the need for long-term clinical follow-up in order to optimize the time for treatment.
Stage 1 hypertension, sex, and acute coronary syndromes during midlife: the Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Kringeland Ester , Tell Grethe S , Midtbø Helga , Igland Jannicke , Haugsgjerd Teresa R , Gerdts Eva 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
Hypertension has been suggested as a stronger risk factor for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in women than men. Whether this also applies to stage 1 hypertension [blood pressure (BP) 130–139/80–89 mmHg] is not known.

Methods and results
We tested associations of stage 1 hypertension with ACS in 12 329 participants in the Hordaland Health Study (mean baseline age 41 years, 52% women). Participants were grouped by baseline BP category: Normotension (BP &lt; 130/80 mmHg), stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg). ACS was defined as hospitalization or death due to myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris during 16 years of follow-up. At baseline, a lower proportion of women than men had stage 1 and 2 hypertension, respectively (25 vs. 35% and 14 vs. 31%, P &lt; 0.001). During follow-up, 1.4% of women and 5.7% of men experienced incident ACS (P &lt; 0.001). Adjusted for diabetes, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol, and physical activity, stage 1 hypertension was associated with higher risk of ACS in women [hazard ratio (HR) 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–3.60], while the association was non-significant in men (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.98–1.71). After additional adjustment for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, stage 1 diastolic hypertension was associated with ACS in women (HR 2.79 [95% CI 1.62-4.82]), but not in men (HR 1.24 [95% CI 0.95-1.62]), while stage 1 systolic hypertension was not associated with ACS in either sex.

Conclusion
Among subjects in their early 40s, stage 1 hypertension was a stronger risk factor for ACS during midlife in women than in men.
Structure and Expression of Wild-Type and Suppressible Alleles of the Drosophila purple Gene
Authors: Kim Nacksung , Kim Jaeseob , Park Dongkook , Rosen Christina , Dorsett Dale , Yim John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Viable mutant alleles of purple (pr), such as prbw, exhibit mutant eye colors. This reflects low 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin (PTP) synthase activity required for pigment synthesis. PTP synthase is also required for synthesis of the enzyme cofactor biopterin; presumably this is why some pr alleles are lethal. The prbw eye color phenotype is suppressed by suppressor of sable [su(s)] mutations. The pr gene was cloned to explore the mechanism of this suppression. pr produces two PTP synthase mRNAs: one constitutively from a distal promoter and one in late pupae and young adult heads from a proximal promoter. The latter presumably supports eye pigment synthesis. The prbw allele has a 412 retrotransposon in an intron spliced from both mRNAs. However, the head-specific mRNA is reduced &gt;10-fold in prbw and is restored by a su(s) mutation, while the constitutive transcript is barely affected. The Su(s) protein probably alters processing of RNA containing 412. Because the intron containing 412 is the first in the head-specific mRNA and the second in the constitutive mRNA, binding of splicing machinery to nascent transcripts before the 412 insertion is transcribed may preclude the effects of Su(s) protein.
Mutations in the Drosophila pushover Gene Confer Increased Neuronal Excitability and Spontaneous Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
Authors: Richards Stephen , Hillman Timothy , Stern Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe the identification of a gene called pushover (push), which affects both behavior and synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Adults carrying either of two mutations in push exhibit sluggishness, uncoordination, a defective escape response, and male sterility. Larvae defective in push exhibit increased release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. In particular, the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release and the amount of transmitter release evoked by nerve stimulation are each increased two- to threefold in push mutants at the lowest external [Ca2+] tested (0.15 mM). Furthermore, these mutants are more sensitive than wild type to application of the potassium channel-blocking drug quinidine: following quinidine application, push mutants, but not wild-type, display repetitive firing of the motor axon, leading to repetitive muscle postsynaptic potentials. The push gene thus might affect both neuronal excitability and the transmitter release process. Complementation tests and recombinational mapping suggest that the push mutations are allelic to a previously identified P-element-induced mutation, which also causes behavioral abnormalities and male sterility.
Production of Androgenetic Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Corley-Smith Graham E , Lim Chinten James , Brandhorst Bruce P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To help investigate the evolutionary origin of the imprinting (parent-of-origin mono-allelic expression) of paternal genes observed in mammals, we constructed haploid and diploid androgenetic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Haploid androgenotes were produced by fertilizing eggs that had been X-ray irradiated to eliminate the maternal genome. Subsequent inhibition of the first mitotic division of haploid androgenotes by heat shock produced diploid androgenotes. The lack of inheritance of maternal-specific DNA markers (RAPD and SSR) by putative diploid and haploid androgenotes confirmed the androgenetic origin of their genomes. Marker analysis was performed on 18 putative androgenotes (five diploids and 13 haploids) from six families. None of 157 maternal-specific RAPD markers analyzed, some of which were apparently homozygous, were passed on to any of these putative androgenotes. A mean of 7.7 maternal-specific markers were assessed per family. The survival of androgenetic zebrafish suggests that if paternal imprinting occurs in zebrafish, it does not result in essential genes being inactivated when their expression is required for development. Production of haploid androgenotes can be used to determine the meiotic recombination rate in male zebrafish. Androgenesis may also provide useful information about the mechanism of sex determination in zebrafish.
Equilibrium Values of Measures of Population Subdivision for Stepwise Mutation Processes
Authors: Rousset François 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Expected values of Wright'sF-statistics are functions of probabilities of identity in state. These values may be quite different under an infinite allele model and under stepwise mutation processes such as those occurring at microsatellite loci. However, a relationship between the probability of identity in state in stepwise mutation models and the distribution of coalescence times can be deduced from the relationship between probabilities of identity by descent and the distribution of coalescence times. The values of FIS and FST can be computed using this property. Examination of the conditional probability of identity in state given some coalescence time and of the distribution of coalescence times are also useful for explaining the properties of FIS and FST at high mutation rate loci, as shown here in an island model of population structure.
Health of two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people experiencing poverty in Canada: a review
Authors: Kinitz David J , Salway Travis , Kia Hannah , Ferlatte Olivier , Rich Ashleigh J , Ross Lori E 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (2SLGBTQ+) people are disproportionately represented among those experiencing poverty. Both 2SLGBTQ+ people and people experiencing poverty face poorer health outcomes and greater difficulty accessing healthcare. Evidence of intersectional impacts of 2SLGBTQ+ status and poverty on health can help to inform economic and health policy. The objective of this review is to determine what is known about the health of 2SLGBTQ+ people in Canada experiencing poverty. Following the PRISMA framework, we searched and summarized Canadian literature on 2SLGBTQ+ poverty indexed in Medline, Sociological Abstracts, PsycInfo and EconList (N = 33). 2SLGBTQ+ poverty-related literature remains sparse but is expanding as illustrated by the fact that most (31/33) studies were published in the past decade. Half the studies analysed poverty as a focal variable and half as a covariate. Intersectionality theory assists in understanding the three health-related themes identified—healthcare access, physical health and mental health and substance use—as these outcomes are shaped by intersecting social structures that result in unique forms of discrimination. Those at the intersection of poverty and 2SLGBTQ+ status face poorer health outcomes than other 2SLGBTQ+ people in Canada. Discrimination was an overarching finding that explained persistent associations between 2SLGBTQ+ status, poverty and health. Research that directly interrogated the experiences of 2SLGBTQ+ populations experiencing poverty was sparse. In particular, there is a need to conduct research on underrepresented 2SLGBTQ+ sub-groups who are disproportionately impacted by poverty, including transgender, bisexual and two-spirit populations.
Modeling muscle regeneration in RNA toxicity mice
Authors: Yadava Ramesh S , Mandal Mahua , Giese Jack M , Rigo Frank , Bennett C Frank , Mahadevan Mani S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
RNA toxicity underlies the pathogenesis of disorders such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Muscular dystrophy is a key element of the pathology of DM1. The means by which RNA toxicity causes muscular dystrophy in DM1 is unclear. Here, we have used the DM200 mouse model of RNA toxicity due to the expression of a mutant DMPK 3′UTR mRNA to model the effects of RNA toxicity on muscle regeneration. Using a BaCl2-induced damage model, we find that RNA toxicity leads to decreased expression of PAX7, and decreased numbers of satellite cells, the stem cells of adult skeletal muscle (also known as MuSCs). This is associated with a delay in regenerative response, a lack of muscle fiber maturation and an inability to maintain a normal number of satellite cells. Repeated muscle damage also elicited key aspects of muscular dystrophy, including fat droplet deposition and increased fibrosis, and the results represent one of the first times to model these classic markers of dystrophic changes in the skeletal muscles of a mouse model of RNA toxicity. Using a ligand-conjugated antisense (LICA) oligonucleotide ASO targeting DMPK sequences for the first time in a mouse model of RNA toxicity in DM1, we find that treatment with IONIS 877864, which targets the DMPK 3′UTR mRNA, is efficacious in correcting the defects in regenerative response and the reductions in satellite cell numbers caused by RNA toxicity. These results demonstrate the possibilities for therapeutic interventions to mitigate the muscular dystrophy associated with RNA toxicity in DM1.
Supranational entrepreneurs: the High Representative and the EU global strategy
Authors: Sus Monika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By applying the Multiple Streams Approach (MSA) developed by Kingdon and adapted to EU policy-making, this article explores a new analytical lens that provides a more substantiated insight into the role of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR) in the policy-making process. According to the MSA, policy change happens when policy entrepreneurs successfully explore a window of opportunity that opens in the problems or policies stream. Applying a single case-study approach, this article argues that it was the entrepreneurship of HR Federica Mogherini that coupled problems, politics and policies streams which presented themselves between 2014 and 2015, made use of the window of opportunity, and pushed for policy change in EU's foreign and security policy. By finding observable evidence for the HR's deployment of entrepreneurial strategies during the drafting and implementation of the European Union's Global Strategy, this contribution unpacks Mogherini's footprint in the recent progress. The conceptualization of the HR office-holder as a policy entrepreneur lets us systematically investigate their agency and impact on the policy change within the existing formal constraints, and thus it paves a way towards a more fruitful research direction regarding the HR's role than the concept of the constrained agent that is dominant in the literature. More broadly, since the office-holder can be perceived as a supranational agent that is dependent upon an intergovernmental system for its mandate, by examining its entrepreneurial strategies this article offers insights on the role of supranational agents beyond the EU context, i.e. within UN and NATO.
John Hart Ely in the Mexican Supreme Court
Authors: Niembro Ortega Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, I reflect upon the influence that John Hart Ely’s book Democracy and Distrust can have on our discussions about the Mexican Supreme Court. For that purpose, I distinguish the Mexican Court’s role under authoritarian rule and in democracy. In the former era, Ely’s theory would not have even been considered. In the latter, the Court has adopted a substantive conception of democracy and judicial review based on authors such as Ronald Dworkin, Robert Alexy, and Luigi Ferrajoli. Moreover, in the last twelve years, the Court has developed a human rights agenda. During this time, it has interpreted human rights and economic liberties, issuing rulings that are similar to those that preoccupied Ely forty years ago (Lochner v. New York or Roe v. Wade). In this regard, Ely’s theory is useful to think about the current situation of constitutional justice in Mexico, even if we do not embrace his proposal that limits the role of the Court to procedural issues. In a country such as Mexico, where the reality of our democracy is much feebler and deep economic and social inequalities predominate, the Court is compelled to play a transformative role.