bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapsed/Refractory International Prognostic Index (R/R‐IPI): An international prognostic calculator for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Maurer Matthew J. , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Mwangi Raphael , Schmitz Norbert , Farooq Umar , Flowers Cristopher R. , de Nully Brown Peter , Thompson Carrie A. , Frederiksen Henrik , Cunningham David , Jørgensen Judit , Poeschel Viola , Nowakowski Grzegorz , Seymour John F. , Merli Francesco , Haioun Corinne , Ghesquieres Hervé , Ziepert Marita , Tilly Hervé , Salles Gilles , Shi Qian , El‐Galaly Tarec C. , Habermann Thomas M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisease progression after frontline therapy for Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically significant event. Patients who experience early progression or have refractory disease have especially poor outcomes. Simple, clinically applicable prognostic tools are needed for selecting patients for consideration for novel therapies and prognostication in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting. Model building was performed in patients from the Surrogate endpoints in aggressive lymphoma (SEAL) consortium with disease progression after frontline immunochemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) measured from date of progression. Validation was performed in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) and Danish National Lymphoma Register (LYFO) cohorts. Model performance was assessed using time‐dependent concordance indices (c‐statistic) and calibration with metrics evaluated at 2 years from progression. Note, 1234 of 5112 patients treated with frontline immunochemotherapy in the SEAL consortium developed progressive disease. Time to progression on immunochemotherapy and age at progression were strongly associated with post‐progression OS (both p < 0.001). A prognostic model was developed incorporating spline fit for both variables. The model had good concordance in the discovery (0.67) and validation sets (LYFO c = 0.64, MER c = 0.68) with generally good calibration. Time to progression on frontline therapy is strongly associated with post‐progression OS in DLBCL. We developed and validated a simple to apply clinical prognostic tool in the R/R setting. The useful prediction of expected outcomes in R/R DLBCL and can inform treatment decisions such as considerations for CAR‐T therapy as well as trial designs. The model is available in smartphone‐based point of care applications.
Effects of scent enrichment on behavioral and physiological indicators of stress in zoo primates
Authors: Vaglio Stefano , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Pearce Richard , Bryant Luke , McAuley Ailie , Lott Alexandria , Sheppard Demi J. , Smith Sarah , E. Tompkins Beth , J. Elwell Emily , Fontani Sara , H. Young Christopher , Marliani Giovanna , Accorsi Pier Attilio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCaptive breeding is vital for primate conservation, with modern zoos serving a crucial role in breeding populations of threatened species and educating the general public. However, captive populations can experience welfare issues that may also undermine their reproductive success. To enhance the wellbeing of endangered zoo primates, we conducted a study to assess the effects of a new scent enrichment program on captive red‐ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra), black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus), lar gibbons (Hylobates lar) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus). We combined behavioral observations and fecal endocrinology analyses to evaluate the effects of a series of essential oils (benzoin, lavender, lemongrass) on five captive troops (N = 19) housed at Dudley Zoo & Castle and Twycross Zoo (UK). We recorded observations of natural species‐specific and abnormal stress‐related behaviors for 480 h using instantaneous scan sampling. We collected 189 fecal samples and measured the fecal cortisol concentrations using radioimmunoassay. We found a significant effect of the scent enrichment on behaviors, with red‐ruffed lemurs and black howler monkeys reducing their social interactions, as well as red‐ruffed lemurs and lar gibbons decreasing their stress‐related behaviors after they were exposed to the series of essential oils. We also found that red‐ruffed lemurs displayed a significant increase in fecal glucocorticoids following exposure to essential oils. Our contradictory findings suggest that the effects of this series of essential oils may change depending on the species‐specific social lives and olfactory repertoires of primates. In conclusion, we cannot recommend using these essential oils widely with zoo primates without additional evaluation.
Concomitant neurodegenerative pathologies contribute to the transition from mild cognitive impairment to dementia
Authors: McAleese Kirsty E. , Colloby Sean J. , Thomas Alan J. , Al‐Sarraj Safa , Ansorge Olaf , Neal James , Roncaroli Federico , Love Seth , Francis Paul T. , Attems Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aged brain frequently exhibits multiple pathologies, rather than a single hallmark pathology (pure pathology [PurP]), ranging from low/intermediate levels of additional pathology (LowP) to mixed severe pathology (mixed SevP). We investigated the frequency of PurP, LowP, and mixed SevP, and the impact of additional LowP on cognition.MethodsData came from 670 cases from the Brains for Dementia research program. Cases were categorized into PurP, mixed SevP, or a main disease with additional LowP; 508 cases had a clinical dementia rating.Results69.9% of cases had LowP, 22.7% had PurP, and 7.5% had mixed SevP. Additional LowP increased the likelihood of having mild dementia versus mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by almost 20‐fold (odds ratio = 19.5).DiscussionMost aged individuals have multiple brain pathologies. The presence of one additional LowP can significantly worsen cognitive decline, increasing the risk of transitioning from MCI to dementia 20‐fold. Multimorbidity should be considered in dementia research and clinical studies.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Alsmaphorazine C and Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Strictamine: A Photo‐Fries Approach
Authors: Gao Beiling , Yao Fengjie , Zhang Zhaodong , Ding Hanfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA bioinspired photo‐Fries/imine capture cascade reaction was developed in continuous‐flow mode, which facilitated the rapid construction of a series of diversely functionalized 2,7‐heterocycle‐fused tetrahydrocarbazoles, the ubiquitous core structures embedded in strychnos and akuammiline‐type monoterpene indole alkaloids. The synthetic utility of this novel method has been preliminarily explored by the first total synthesis of (+)‐alsmaphorazine C and formal synthesis of (+)‐strictamine in a concise and efficient manner.
Catalytic Asymmetric Disulfuration by a Chiral Bulky Three‐Component Lewis Acid‐Base
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Yao , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA three‐component Lewis acid–base (Lewis trio) involving a bulky chiral primary amine, B(C6F5)3 and a bulky tertiary amine has been developed as an effective enamine catalyst for enantioselective disulfuration reactions. The bulky tertiary amine was found to activate a bulky primary–tertiary diamine–borane Lewis pair for enamine catalysis via frustrated interaction. The resulted chiral bulky Lewis trio (BLT) allows for the construction of chiral disulfides via direct disulfuration with β‐ketocarbonyls or α‐branched aldehydes in a practical and highly stereocontrolled manner.
Green synthesis of biodegradable terpolymer modified starch nanocomposite with carbon nanoparticles for food packaging application
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Nadeem Sohail , Bano Razia , Bahadur Ali , Ahmad Zahoor , Javed Mohsin , AL‐Anazy Murefah Mana , Qasier Asif Ali , Laref Amel , Shoaib Muhammad , Liu Guocong , Qayyum Muhammad Abdul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs to control the increased rate of environmental pollution there is an urgent need to develop improved biodegradable materials regarding the old polymeric packaging materials. It has been done by the incorporation of carbon nanomaterials to the biodegradable starch terpolymers of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylonitrile (AN), 2‐Ethylhexyl acrylate (2‐EHA), and Ethyl acrylate (EA). The starch‐terpolymers were prepared through the free radical polymerization technique using AA, MMA, AN, 2‐EHA, EA as monomers. Two different starch‐terpolymers were further mixed with carbon nanoparticles (NPs) to form a biodegradable nanocomposite. The biodegradable starch‐grafted terpolymers‐carbon nanocomposites (STPC NCs) were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and UV–Visible spectrophotometry. Further, resistivity, electrical conductivity, and biodegradability tests were performed to check its properties for packing materials. The biodegradation of SGCP‐composites recorded using the soil burial method was up to 78%. Starch‐terpolymers were prepared via free‐radical polymerization The biodegradation capability of starch‐grafted terpolymers was found to be 78% The decrease in water vapor permeability and solubility proves their utilization as food packaging material
Effect of the spin‐line temperature profile on the mechanical properties of melt electrospun polyethylene fibers
Authors: Shabani Elnaz , Gorga Russell E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe covid‐19 pandemic has revealed the need for alternative production approaches with low startup costs like electrospinning for filter needs, the most imperative element of the personal protective equipment (PPE). Current attempts in advancing melt electrospinning deal with developing strategies for fiber diameter attenuation toward sub‐micron scale. Here, the attunement in the spinning‐zone temperature known as ''spin‐line temperature profile'' was utilized as a baseline for fiber diameter reduction. The mechanical performance of the melt‐electrospun linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) fibers is reported to characterize their structural transformation with respect to various spin‐line temperature profiles. With an increase in the spin‐line temperature to above 100°C in the area of cone formation, an increased tensile and yield strength along with fiber diameter reduction by four‐folds was demonstrated. A significant increase in toughness, by almost three times, without compromising the stiffness and Young's modulus was observed. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that spinning in high temperatures produces changes in the alpha (α) relaxation, contributing to the significant increase in strain at break. These results are significant because polyolefin fibers are an imperative element of medical textiles and PPE. Therefore, developing a correlation for process‐structure‐properties for emerging production techniques like melt electrospinning becomes critical.
A stable biosensor for organophosphorus pesticide detection based on chitosan modified graphene
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Hu Huaying , Wang Pengchang , Zhang Chi , Wu Majiaqi , Yang Lianqiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor was successfully fabricated with a stable structure and high detection accuracy. Graphene (Gra) nanofragments modified with chitosan (CS) and AChE were successively drip coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode via a layer‐by‐layer assembly method. The concentration range of the sensor to detect dichlorvos was 0.1–100,000 nM, and the limit of detection was 54 pM. CS was used to modify Gra for the first time, which enhanced the mechanical flexibility of these Gra nanostructures, significantly improving the stability and detection accuracy of this sensor.
Analytical determinations of luteolin
Authors: Tesio Alvaro Y. , Robledo Sebastian N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlants, through the photosynthesis process, produce the substances necessary for all the life cycles of nature, which are called "primary metabolites." Moreover, there are some plants that synthesize, in addition to these, other substances with more specific functions, which are known as "secondary metabolites." It is inside this group that flavonoids are located, whose main function is to protect organisms from damage caused by different oxidizing agents. Luteolin (3,4,5,7‐tetrahydroxy‐flavone) belongs to the sub‐class of flavonoids known as flavones and is one of 10,000 flavonoids currently known, being one of the most bio‐active flavonoids. Its various beneficial properties for health, together with the increasing reduction in the use of synthetic antioxidants, make the study of luteolin a very active field. Within this, the quantification of this molecule has become a subject of very special interest given that it is transversal to all fields. In this review article, we aim to give the reader a broad and deep vision of this topic, focusing on the events reported in the last 5 years and covering all possible techniques related to analytical determinations. We will discuss in terms of advantages and disadvantages between techniques, selectivity, sensitivity, costs, time consumption, and reagents as well as in the complexity of operations.
The association between environmental sustainable development and internalization of a quality standard
Authors: Tarí Juan José , Molina‐Azorín José F. , López‐Gamero María D. , Pereira‐Moliner Jorge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work empirically examines the importance of the internalization of a quality standard for environmental sustainable development in Spanish hotels. It aims to examine the direct relationships between the internalization of a quality standard and environmental practices and performance and the mediating role of environmental practices on the relationship between the internalization of a quality standard and environmental performance. The work uses a sample of 176 hotels and applies the partial least squares (PLS) approach to test these relationships. The results show that (a) the internalization of a quality standard (through daily practices and continuous improvement) is positively related to environmental practices and performance and (b) environmental practices partially mediate the relationship between the internalization of a quality standard and environmental performance. The study extends the literature by explaining that the internalization of a quality standard strengthens environmental sustainable development.
An immune‐related seven‐lncRNA signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yue , Luo Tian‐Qi , Xu Si‐Si , Chen Chun‐Yan , Sun Ying , Lin Li , Mao Yan‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we developed a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐based prognostic signature for stratification of patients with head a nd neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In total, 493 HNSCC samples obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were divided into training and testing cohorts (3:2 ratio). We identified 3913 immune‐related lncRNAs in the HNSCC training cohort by Pearson correlation analysis; only seven were independently associated with overall survival and were used to develop an immune‐related lncRNA prognostic signature (IRLPS) grouping of HNSCC patients into high‐ and low‐IRLPS subgroups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that low‐IRLPS patients had a better prognosis in all the cohorts, which was retained after stratification by sex, grade, and HPV status. Although the TNM stage was also an independent prognostic factor, the IRLPS had a better discriminability with higher AUC at the 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐ups in all cohorts. Low‐IRLPS samples had more immune cell infiltration and were enriched in immune‐related pathways, while high‐ IRLPS samples were enriched in metabolic pathways. A nomogram constructed including age, TNM stage, and IRLPS showed good calibration. Thus, IRLPS improves the prognostic prediction and also distinguishes different tumor microenvironment (TME) in HNSCC patients.
Recognizing encephalopathy in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A single‐center experience
Authors: Wei Danmeng , Zhou Daniel J. , Datta Proleta , Taraschenko Olga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this pilot study, we examined the characteristics of patients with and without central nervous system (CNS) malignancies who developed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐induced encephalopathy.MethodsWe identified adult patients treated with ICIs between 1 January 2013 and 9 May 2018 at our tertiary care center who developed encephalopathy within 30 days of the last dose of ICI without other explained causes. Demographic and clinical features were compared between patients with primary and metastatic malignant CNS tumors and those without.ResultsOf the 480 patients treated with ICIs, 14 (2.9%) developed encephalopathy induced by nivolumab (8), pembrolizumab (4), and combined ipilimumab‐nivolumab (2). Median age was 64.5 years. Patients with CNS malignancies tolerated more treatment cycles and developed encephalopathy later than patients without CNS lesions (20 and 32 days, respectively, p = 0.04) following ICI initiation. Four of seven patients with CNS tumors developed new contrast‐enhancing lesions on brain imaging despite having no changes on imaging for a median of 61 (30–545) days. Electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed features of generalized dysfunction in patients in both cohorts. Two patients without and three with CNS malignancies were treated with steroids. Two thirds of patients without and 29% of those with CNS malignancies expired during ICI therapy or shortly thereafter.ConclusionsLack of the uniform evaluation limits the definitive conclusion of the cause of encephalopathy in some patients but reflects the standard of care at the time of their assessment. ICI‐associated neurotoxicity presenting with encephalopathy is an ominous complication of ICI therapy, especially if left untreated. Prompt recognition and involvement of multidisciplinary care, including neurologists, would facilitate timely administration of recommended therapies.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Allium ursinum: Impact of Temperature and Pressure on the Extracts Chemical Profile
Authors: Vidović Senka , Tomšik Alena , Vladić Jelena , Jokić Stela , Aladić Krunoslav , Pastor Kristian , Jerković Igor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to extract Allium ursinum L. for the first time by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC−CO2) as green sustainable method. The impact of temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C and pressure between 150 and 400 bar on the quality of the obtained extracts and efficiency of the extraction was investigated. The highest extraction yield (3.43 %) was achieved by applying the extraction conditions of 400 bar and 60 °C. The analysis of the extracts was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most dominant sulfur‐containing constituent of the extracts was allyl methyl trisulfide with the highest abundance at 350 bar and 50 °C. In addition, the presence of other pharmacologically potent sulfur compounds was recorded including S‐methyl methanethiosulfinate, diallyl trisulfide, S‐methyl methylthiosulfonate, and dimethyl trisulfide. Multivariate data analysis tool was utilized to investigate distributions of the identified compounds among the extracts obtained under various extraction conditions and yields. It was determined that the SC−CO2 extraction can by efficiently used for A. ursinum.
Vibrio metschnikovii: Current state of knowledge and discussion of recently identified clinical case
Authors: Konechnyi Yulian , Khorkavyi Yurii , Ivanchuk Kateryna , Kobza Ihor , Sękowska Alicja , Korniychuk Olena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVibrio metschnikovii is a widespread opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes disease in human. It caused graft infection in our case. It is important to differentiate it from another water‐transmitted pathogens.
3‐D X‐ray Nanotomography Reveals Different Carbon Deposition Mechanisms in a Single Catalyst Particle
Authors: Veselý Martin , Valadian Roozbeh , Lohse Leon Merten , Toepperwien Mareike , Spiers Kathryn , Garrevoet Jan , Vogt Eelco T. C. , Salditt Tim , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Meirer Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCatalyst deactivation involves a complex interplay of processes taking place at different length and time scales. Understanding this phenomenon is one of the grand challenges in solid catalyst characterization. A process contributing to deactivation is carbon deposition (i. e., coking), which reduces catalyst activity by limiting diffusion and blocking active sites. However, characterizing coke formation and its effects remains challenging as it involves both the organic and inorganic phase of the catalytic process and length scales from the atomic scale to the scale of the catalyst body. Here we present a combination of hard X‐ray imaging techniques able to visualize in 3‐D the distribution, effect and nature of carbon deposits in the macro‐pore space of an entire industrially used catalyst particle. Our findings provide direct evidence for coke promoting effects of metal poisons, pore clogging by coke, and a correlation between carbon nature and its location. These results provide a better understanding of the coking process, its relation to catalyst deactivation and new insights into the efficiency of the industrial scale process of fluid catalytic cracking.
Palliative care education and research at US cancer centers: A national survey
Authors: Hui David , De La Rosa Allison , Chen Joseph , Delgado Guay Marvin , Heung Yvonne , Dibaj Seyedeh , Liu Diane , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPalliative care (PC) education and research are essential to developing a skilled workforce and evidence base to support the delivery of quality cancer care. The current state of PC education and research at US cancer centers is unclear. In this national survey, the education and research programs of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated and nondesignated cancer centers and the changes between 2009 and 2018 are compared.MethodsBetween April and August 2018, PC program leaders at all NCI‐designated cancer centers and a random sample of nondesignated centers were sent a survey to examine the structure, processes, and outcomes of their programs on the basis of questions from a 2009 national survey. This preplanned analysis focused on education and research.ResultsThere were 52 of 61 (85%) NCI‐designated and 27 of 38 (71%) nondesignated cancer centers that responded. NCI‐designated centers were more likely than nondesignated centers to have a PC fellowship program (87% vs 30%; P < .001), training for advanced practice providers (71% vs 44%; P = .03), PC research program (58% vs 15%; P < .001), peer‐reviewed funding (43% vs 11%; P = .005), and philanthropic grants (41% vs 7%; P = .002). There were few significant improvements in PC education or research between 2009 and 2018 for both groups, notable exceptions include an increase in PC fellowships (38% vs 87%; P < .001) and mandatory PC rotations for medical oncology fellows (29% vs 55%; P = .02) at NCI‐designated cancer centers.ConclusionsPC education and research are more developed at NCI‐designated cancer centers. Despite some progress over the past decade, it is relatively slow and suboptimal.