bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the myocardium of type-2 diabetic rats
Authors: Tan Yin , Lei Yanping , Huang Ceng , Li Xiaomei , Lin Yingnan , Huang Yi , Xiong Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributes to type-II diabetics (T2DM) patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanism of DCM remains unclarified. ResultsThe present study analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the occurrence and development of DCM. Furthermore, T2DM rat animal models with different courses of DCM were established, and these were confirmed by the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the blood glucose and lipid profile examination, and M-echocardiographic results. Then, transcriptome sequencing was utilized to screen the DCM-related genes. A total 18,410 genes and 19,184 unigenes in each group obtained the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. The bioinformatics analysis results revealed that there were 360 DEGs in the 8w-T2DM group, including 191 upregulated genes and 169 downregulated genes, and 381 DEGs in the 16w-T2DM group, including 258 upregulated genes and 123 downregulated genes. The DEGs were enriched in 19 cellular components, 21 molecular functions, and 22 biological processes. The KEGG pathway analysis results revealed the in the 8w-T2DM group, the DEGs were enriched in the pathways of unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, PPAR signaling, and fatty acid elongation, degradation and metabolism. In the 16w-T2DM groups, the pathways that enriched the DEGs involved were antigen processing and presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and viral myocarditis. The upregulated genes, were as follows: Cers1, Acot1, Hmgcs2, NTSR-1, PDK4 and Cxcl13. The downregulated genes were, as follows: Abcd2 and Fcrl-2. These were identified as correlated to the occurrence and development of DCM. The differential expression was validated by quantitative polymerase chain (Q-PCR). ConclusionsCers1, the gene involved in lipid metabolism, had the highest Log2FC value and might be considered the DCM-related gene for further investigation. This might help screen for the potential pharmaceutical target for DCM.
Assessment of Stormwater Discharge Contamination and Toxicity for a Cold-Climate Urban Landscape
Authors: Popick Hayley , Brinkmann Markus , McPhedran Kerry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modelling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan).
Results

Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments >100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June-August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species.
Conclusions

In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.
Corpus Driven Machine Translation Framework for Students
Authors: PAN Zhengxu , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Machine translation can be used as a language-based method, where words are translated into the most appropriate language where they will be replaced. Students are willing to automatically learn knowledge interpretation from large data instead of writing rules on human professionals. Although the end-to-end machine translation (MT) process has recently made considerable progress, the problem of low-resource language pairs and areas still suffers from data scarcity. In this paper, an architectural statistics source-based translation machine (ASS-TM) model has been introduced to deal with the data scarcity problem need to translate small body language. The discriminative learning process (DLP) is employed to enlarge the vocabulary of a system and set of syntactic structures by integrating the synonyms and paraphrases obtained in corpus training. The iteration pipelines for the integration and combination of various generation models using an effective decoding framework. Symmetric context-free grammar (SCG)is implemented to extract a translation memory that includes the conceptual relationships between the two component’s structures. The simulation analysis is performed based on accuracy and efficiency, proving the proposed framework’s reliability of 97.3%.
Construction and Mechanism of Bacterial Cellulose With High Carbon Yield By a Stretching Orientation Method
Authors: Jiang Wenjing , Jiang Zhenlin , Fan Xin , Zhu Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC)decomposes easily and the carbon residue rate is low. These factors critically restrict its application in fabricating cellulosic carbon materials. Therefore, in this paper, a simple and facile method to improve the BC carbon yield is proposed based on the stretching orientation of BC. By controlling the degree of BC deformation, the orientation and crystallinity of the BC can be adjusted, thereby sensitively affecting the graphitization degree and carbon yield of carbonized BC. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR). The results indicated that when the pre-stretched strain was 40%, the crystallinity and graphitization degree of BC improved, and the carbon yield increased significantly in comparison to that of untreated BC. Thus, a low-cost, facile, and environmentally friendly method of increasing the carbon yield of BC was developed in this study.
Immunological Effects of Glutamine Supplementation in Polytrauma Patients in Intensive Care Unit.
Authors: Cotoia Antonella , Cantatore Leonarda Pia , Beck Renata , De Gregorio Alessandra , Marchese Flavia , Ferrara Giuseppe , Cinnella Gilda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In polytrauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients, glutamine (GLN) become a "conditionally essential" amino acid; its role has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials but their results are inconclusive. We evaluated the IgA–mediated humoral immunity after GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients. Results All consecutive patients with polytrauma who required mechanical ventilation and enteral nutrition (EN) provided within 24 hours since the admission in ICU at the University Hospital of Foggia from September 2016 to February 2017 were included. Thereafter, two groups were identified: patients treated by conventional EN (25 kcal/kg/die) and patients who have received conventional EN enriched with 50 mg/kg/ideal body weight of alanyl-GLN 20% intravenously. We analyzed plasmatic concentration of IgA, CD3+/CD4+ T Helper Lymphocytes, CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor Lymphocytes, CD3+/CD19+ B Lymphocytes, IL-4 and IL-2 at admission, at 4, 8 days. We identified 30 patients, with 15 subjects per group. IgA levels increased significantly in GLN vs control group at T0, T4 and T8.CD3+/CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and CD3+/CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes levels significantly increased in GLN vs control group at T4 and T8. CD3+/CD19+ B lymphocytes levels increased significantly in GLN vs control group only at T8.IL-2 and IL-4 levels showed no significant differences when comparing GLN with control group. Conclusions Our study showed that there was an improvement in humoral and cell-mediated immunity with GLN supplementation in polytrauma ICU patients using recommended doses.
Development and Clinical Validation of CT-Based Regional Centiloid Method for Amyloid PET
Authors: Kim Soo-Jong , Ham Hongki , Park Yu Hyun , Choe Yeong Sim , Kim Young Ju , Jang Hyemin , Na Duk L. , Kim Hee Jin , Moon Seung Hwan , Seo Sang Won 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: We developed and validated CT-based regional Centiloid. A CT-based regional Centiloid was developed and validated in the present study. Methods: For development ofMRI-based or CT-based regional CLs,the cohort consist of 63 subjects (20 young controls (YC) and18 old controls (OC), and 25 Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD)).We used direct comparison of FMM-FBB CL (dcCL) method using MRI and CT images to define a common target region and six regional VOIs including the frontal, temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, occipital and striatal regions. Global and regional dcCL scales were compared between MRI-based and CT-based methods. For clinical validation, cohortconsisted of 2,245subjects (627 in CN, 933 in MCI, and 685 in ADD). Results: Both MRI-based and CT-based dcCL scales showed that FMM and FBB were highly correlated with each other, globally and regionally (R2 = 0.96~0.99). Both FMM and FBB showed that CT-based regional dcCL scales were highly correlated with MRI-based regional dcCL scales (R2 = 0.97~0.99). Absolute differences in regional CL scales between CT-based and MRI-based methods seemed to be relatively insignificant (p>0.05). In our clinical validation study, the G(-)R(+) and G(+)Str(+) groups predict worse neuropsychological performance than the G(-)R(-) and the G(+)Str(-) groups (p< 0.05) respectively.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that it is feasible to convert FMM or FBB dcSUVR values into the dcCL scales regionally without additional MRI scans, which might in turn become a more easily accessible method for researchers and be applicable to a variety of different conditions.
Maternal risk factors associated with preterm birth after IVF/ICSI
Authors: Li Jian , Shen Jinhua , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Yangqin , Zhang Qin , Hu Liang , Reichetzeder Christoph , Zeng Suimin , Li Jing , Tian Mei , Gong Fei , Lin Ge , Hocher Berthold 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI).is associated with an increased risk of preterm (33rd - 37th gestational week), and early preterm birth (20th - 32nd gestational week). The underlying general and procedure related risk factors are not well understood so far. 4,328 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI were entered into this study. The study population was divided into three groups: a) early preterm birth group (n=66), b) preterm birth group (n=675 ) and c) full-term birth group (n=3653). Odds for preterm birth were calculated by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. We identified seven independent risk factors for preterm birth and four independent risk factors for early preterm birth. Older (>39) or younger (<25) maternal age (OR:1.504, 95%CI: 1.108-2.042,P=0.009; OR: 2.125, 95%CI: 1.049-4.304,P=0.036, respectively), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.780, 95%CI: 8.014-11.935,P<0.001; OR: 8.588, 95%CI: 4.866-15.157,P<0.001, respectively), placenta previa (OR: 14.954, 95%CI: 8.053-27.767,P<0.001; OR: 16.479, 95%CI: 4.381-61.976,P<0.001, respectively), and embryo reduction (OR: 3.547, 95%CI: 1.736-7.249,P=0.001; OR: 7.145, 95%CI: 1.990-25.663,P=0.003, respectively) were associated with preterm birth and early preterm birth, whereas gestational hypertension (OR: 2.494, 95%CI: 1.770-3.514,P<0.001), elevated triglycerides (OR: 1.120, 95%CI: 1.011-1.240,P=0.030) and shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (OR: 0.967, 95%CI: 0.949-0.985,P<0.001) were associated only with preterm birth. In conclusion, preterm and early preterm birth risk factors in patients undergoing assisted IVF/ICSI are in general similar to those in natural pregnancy. The lack of some associations in the early preterm group was most likely due to the lower number of early preterm birth cases. Only embryo reduction represents an IVF/ICSI specific risk factor.
High Prevalence of Hypoglycemia in People Above the Age of 75 without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gelders Jille , Lieten Siddhartha , Mets Tony , Bautmans Ivan , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Lambrecht Sophie , Bravenboer Bert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypoglycemia, especially at old age, can lead to several major problems, such as falls and cognitive deficits. The aim of our study was to detect hypoglycemia in older persons with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).Methods: The frequency and duration of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia was studied in ambulatory geriatric (>75 years), non-diabetic persons (Group 1, n=10), using real time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM, Dexcom G6), and in age- and sex-matched cognitively-healthy, T2DM patients having HbA1c levels < 9.0% (Group 2, n=10). The device was used during 20 days per person, who was blinded for the values on the receiver (except in case of severe hypo- or hyperglycemia). Data were stored for further analysis on the Dexcom Clarity Portal.Results: Hypoglycemia occurred frequently in older persons without T2DM, despite absence of hypoglycemia-inducing medication. In this group, people had 0.50% (median value) of the time glycemic values below 70 mg/dL, most of the episodes happened during nighttime. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that hypoglycemia occurs frequently in non-diabetic older persons. Further studies are needed to determine whether this could be part of the normal aging process, and to determine if hypoglycemia might contribute to cognitive deterioration.
Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals COVID-19 Patients Are Not Recovered to Normal After Discharge for 5 Months
Authors: Abbas Misbah , Shasha Deng , Zhao Dan , Han Kexing , Khalid Zunera , He Hongliang , Ma Huan , jin tengchuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHighly pathogenic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) initiated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has swiftly expanded throughout the world, and the fatality rate is still expanding due to the second wave in 2020 winters. This ongoing epidemic threatens public health with its new strain that emerged in some countries and might cause devastating deaths. Therefore, the host transcriptomic profile from patients during recovery is important for understanding this disease. MethodsWe performed transcriptome profiling of the RNAs isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of recovered COVID-19 patients at hospital discharge of three months and five months respectively.ResultsOur results exposed diverse inflammatory genes and cytokine profiles to infection in recovered patients, and emphasize the highly expressed genes in COVID-19 patients like CCL4, CCL3, CXCL9, CXCL16, IL10, CSF2, VEGFA showed a decreasing trend in recovered patients. Furthermore, the integrated analysis predicted that JUN, CTSL, DDIT4, RRAS, BIRC5, CTSZ, CCNB2, CDK1, OAS1/2, IFIT3, RSAD2, and TP53I3 genes may be valuable for the recovery of COVID-19 patients. ConclusionsOur analysis confirms the presence of some inflammatory genes in recovered patients, suggesting COVID-19 patients did not return to their normal expression even after 5-months of discharge. Identification of transcriptome profiling of recovered patients provides useful information regarding its pathogenesis and might help for the development of better treatment for COVID-19.
MolData, A Molecular Benchmark for Disease and Target Based Machine Learning
Authors: Arshadi Arash Keshavarzi , Salem Milad , Firouzbakht Arash , Yuan Jiann Shiun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deep learning’s automatic feature extraction has been a revolutionary addition to computational drug discovery, infusing both the capabilities of learning abstract features and discovering complex molecular patterns via learning from molecular data. Since biological and chemical knowledge is necessary for overcoming the challenges of data curation, balancing, training, and evaluation, it is important for databases to contain meaningful information regarding the exact target and disease of each bioassay. The existing depositories such as PubChem or ChMBL offer the screening data of millions of molecules against a variety of cells and targets, however, their bioassays contain complex biological information which can hinder their usage by the machine learning community. In this work, a comprehensive disease and target-based dataset are collected from PubChem in order to facilitate and accelerate molecular machine learning for better drug discovery. MolData is one the largest efforts to date for democratizing the molecular machine learning, with roughly 170 million drug screening results from 1.4 million unique molecules assigned to specific diseases and targets. It also provides 30 unique categories of targets and diseases. Correlation analysis of the MolData bioassays unveils valuable information for drug repurposing for multiple diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Finally, we provide a benchmark of more than 30 models trained on each category using multitask learning. MolData aims to pave the way for computational drug discovery and accelerate the advancement of molecular artificial intelligence in a practical manner. The MolData benchmark data is available at https:// github.com/Transilico/MolData as well as within the supplementary materials.
Etiologies and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Macular Hole: A 8-Years Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Yue Huifang , Liu Chenyu , Zhang Yunda , Zhang Lijuan , Gao Zhao , Ma Tao , Zhang Ximei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the etiologies and clinical characteristics of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) patients at Shanxi eye hospital of North China. Methods: Patients diagnosed with FTMH and treated with surgery from 2012 to 2020 were included, and the etiologies and clinical features of different types of MHs were analysed in the 8-years cross sectional retrospective study. Multivariate correlation analysis was used to predict the related factors affecting baseline vision.Results: A total of 752 cases (776 eyes) were analysed. The top three causes of MH were idiopathic (IMH, 64.4%), myopic (MMH, 21.1%) and traumatic (TMH, 3.7%). Among these three causes’ groups, there were significant differences in sex distribution, age, and baseline BCVA. Female was predominated in IMH and MMH, while it was the opposite in TMH. The age of onset in IMH was older than MMH and TMH. The baseline Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in IMH (Z=8.9, p<0.001) and Others group (Z=4.0, p<0.001) were significantly better than in MMH. In IMH, female patients had younger age, shorter axial length, and poorer baseline BCVA than male, while in MMH there were no significant differences between sexes. Multivariate correlation analysis showed that the smaller hole diameter of IMH, MMH without retinal detachment and younger age in TMH, may resulted in better baseline BCVA. Conclusions: The most common etiologies in MH were idiopathic, myopic and traumatic, which contributed to the different clinical features. Female was more common in IMH and MMH, and patients with MMH were 6.5 years earlier than IMH in onset. Therefore earlier monitoring fundus for female and people with high myopia is helpful for early detection and timely treatment.
Antiviral Effects of Gelatin Stabilized Ferrous Sulfide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tong Ting , Deng Shuangfei , Zhang Xiaotong , Fang Liurong , Liang Jiangong , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ferrous sulfide nanoparticles (FeS NPs) are widely applied to environmental remediation, catalysis, energy storage and medicine because of their high reactivity, large specific surface area and low cost, arousing great interest of researchers. However, there is no literature reported on its application in the antiviral field. In the study, gelatin stabilized FeS nanoparticles (Gel-FeS NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and S2‒ in the aqueous phase with continuous stirring under anaerobic conditions. The as-prepared Gel-FeS NPs were good stabilization and dispersibility with the size distribution of 77.7 ± 16.4 nm, as determined by UV-Vis spectrometer, TEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. We reported for the first time the virucidic and antiviral activity of Gel-FeS NPs. The Gel-FeS NPs with good dispersibility and biocompatibility were synthesized, and they exhibited effective inhibition on the proliferation of PRRSV by blocking the PRRSV outside the host cells. Moreover, the Fe2+ from degraded ferrous sulfide still displayed an antiviral effect, demonstrating the advantage as an antiviral nanomaterial of Gel-FeS NPs compared to other nanomaterials. This work highlighted the antiviral effect of Gel-FeS NPs, broaden the applications of iron-based nanoparticles for combating the virus.
Prevalence of Depression, Adherence, and Quality of Life in Advance Chronic Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Butt Muhammad Daoud , Butt Rahma Zahid , Butt Fatima Zahid , Rasool Fawad , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Ramzan Basit , Ong Siew Chin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Many patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have poor physical and mental health, little is known about these health domains in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aimed to study how symptoms, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) differed between ESRD and CKD patients.Methodology: Patients with ESRD and those with advanced CKD are included in the study. The Morisky Lewis Greens Adherence measures, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and KDQOL-SF-36 were used to assess patients' adherence, depression, and HRQoL, and these health domains were compared between patient groups. Results: A total of 314 patients participated in the study, the mean age of participants was 54.64±15.33. Hypertension and diabetes remained the predominant comorbid conditions with prevalence rates of 64.2% and 74.6%, respectively which is significantly higher level of depression observed , which also deteriorates follow-up periods in both groups of patients. The anemic condition remained the major problem among patients with ESRD. The results show thay the overall HRQoL domain and scale parameters were deteriorating the follow-up period. Scores on the SF-36 Physical Component Summary and the SF-36 Mental Component Summary were similar. Conclusions: Patients with ESRD and advanced CKD have similar symptom burdens, depression rates, and poor HRQoL. Given the well-known impairments in both patient groups, the findings of this study highlight the significant decline in the physical and psychological well-being of CKD patients.