bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internationalization at a distance via virtual mobility in the Global South: Advances and challenges
Authors: Ngalomba Simon , Mkwananzi Faith , Mukwambo Patience 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInternationalization of higher education (HE) has increasingly been a subject of interest among scholars, due to developments in the field, such as increased student and staff mobility, inter‐university research and teaching partnerships, and rapid technological advancements. Internationalization efforts have mainly focused on the recruitment of international students and staff to universities in the Global North, the establishment of satellite campuses overseas and research collaborations. To compete on a more even footing, countries in the Global South have increasingly invested in their HE systems and actively promoted themselves as international destinations in this changing global landscape. In this paper, we discuss the strategies and limitations of internationalization at a distance (IaD) with a specific focus on Tanzania. As an emerging destination for international students, the country's expanding HE sector is positioning itself as a global and competitive international destination through diverse efforts such as virtual mobility. This paper draws on interviews with key staff from an open and distance‐learning university in Tanzania to examine and theorize the challenges relating to the provision of online distance learning (ODL) to non‐mobile international students. The theoretical lens is informed by the capabilities approach and ideas of conversion factors and agency. The paper looks beyond existing limitations and proposes the idea of a responsive agency that draws on international collaborations as a way of overcoming contextual challenges through pooling and sharing resources where they exist. In this way, institutions are not independent of their affiliation with others, they belong to a community. This broadens the practice of internationalization to fostering supportive collaboration aimed at improving access to quality international HE.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Rising technology‐supported activities have created new opportunities for universities internationalization.
Education plays a key role in intercultural understanding.
Internationalization of educational research and services improve quality by requiring respective higher education institutions improve academic standards.
What this paper adds

Bring together the concepts of capabilities and third space in IaD.
IaD opportunities are yet to be fully tapped by both higher education institutions and various government policies.
The third space enables hybridity, culture translation and the emergence of new forms of identity.
Implications for practice and/or policy

To engage and sustain IaD universities must have reliable ICT infrastructure and staff with requisite skills to cope with rapid technological advancement.
Widening participation to those who are excluded from conventional, campus‐based universities is critical to ensure achievement of SDG 4.
Variant Spectrum of Renal Ciliopathies in Turkish Cohort and Genotype–Phenotype Association Specifically in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ercoskun Pelin , Aydin Gumus Aydeniz , Gokpinar Ili Ezgi , Yilmaz Celik Lale , Dogan Mustafa , Yavuz Sevgi , Yildiz Gursel , Gezdirici Alper 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRenal ciliopathies are a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by cystic and dysplastic kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between genetic changes that cause renal ciliopathies and phenotypic outcomes. The study group consisted of 137 patients diagnosed with renal ciliopathy disease. One hundred nineteen patients had ADPKD phenotype, 7 patients had ARPKD phenotype, 4 patients had nephronophthisis, 1 patient had Senior‐Loken syndrome, 4 patients had Bardet‐Biedl syndrome, 1 patient had Joubert syndrome and 1 patient had Meckel Gruber syndrome phenotype. Among patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, patients with the PKD1 gene mutation had higher creatinine levels (p value: 0.020) and no arachnoid cysts were revealed in the PKD2 group (p value: 0.014). When the domains were compared, the finding of arachnoid cyst in patients with mutations in the transmembrane domain was statistically significant (p value: 0.021). Homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the TCTN1 gene was reported in a fetus who had findings of Meckel‐Gruber syndrome; microphthalmia and cardiac hypoplasia were reported as novel findings. As a conclusion, we identified variant spectrum of renal ciliopathies in Turkish cohort and revealed the association between the transmembrane domain and arachnoid cyst.
The Social Embeddedness of Socioemotional Wealth: A Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Heo Yoonjeoung , Chung Chi‐Nien , Chen Danyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Questions/IssuesScholarly interest in family firm governance and its strategic decision‐making has increased since the invention of socioemotional wealth (SEW). However, the widespread use of the SEW concept raises concerns on its reification and tautology. To address these concerns, we propose analyzing the social embeddedness of family firms to shed light on SEW‐driven governance practices and decision‐making.Research FindingsOur two‐step method reviewed 85 papers utilizing social network perspectives, institutional theory, and SEW concepts. Our analysis demonstrates that integrating social embeddedness into SEW can help clarify the origins of SEW and its impact on decision‐making and governance and practices within family firms. Nonetheless, our analysis also highlights research gaps that future studies should address.Theoretical ImplicationsBy integrating the social embeddedness perspective with SEW, we offer a novel framework that systematically illustrates the social rationales underpinning diverse SEW‐driven behaviors and the evolution of governance practices in family firms. This framework, drawing from social network and institutional theory, elucidates the formation of SEW as driven by multidimensional social motivations, thus reconciling mixed findings from previous SEW research. Furthermore, our review provides a comprehensive research agenda for future studies in family business and corporate governance, encouraging exploration of multiple institutional logics, social networks, and their confounding effects on the SEW of family businesses.Practical ImplicationsOur findings guide financial investors and nonfinancial stakeholders to better comprehend family firms' economic and noneconomic concerns, their distinct strategic behaviors from other firms, and their hybrid governance practices. Our discussion suggests practitioners incorporating social context of controlling families into decision.
Revolutionising Cancer Immunotherapy: Advancements and Prospects in Non‐Viral CAR‐NK Cell Engineering
Authors: Zhou Zhaokai , Chen Yifeng , Ba Yuhao , Xu Hui , Zuo Anning , Liu Shutong , Zhang Yuyuan , Weng Siyuan , Ren Yuqing , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Zuo Lulu , Zhu Shanshan , Zhou Xing , Zhang Chuhan , Chen Yukang , Han Xinwei , Pan Teng , Liu Zaoqu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have spotlighted the potential of natural killer (NK) cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–transduced NK cells. These cells, pivotal in innate immunity, offer a rapid and potent response against cancer cells and pathogens without the need for prior sensitization or recognition of peptide antigens. Although NK cell genetic modification is evolving, the viral transduction method continues to be inefficient and fraught with risks, often resulting in cytotoxic outcomes and the possibility of insertional mutagenesis. Consequently, there has been a surge in the development of non‐viral transfection technologies to overcome these challenges in NK cell engineering. Non‐viral approaches for CAR‐NK cell generation are becoming increasingly essential. Cutting‐edge techniques such as trogocytosis, electroporation, lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) gene editing and transposons not only enhance the efficiency and safety of CAR‐NK cell engineering but also open new avenues for novel therapeutic possibilities. Additionally, the infusion of technologies already successful in CAR T‐cell therapy into the CAR‐NK paradigm holds immense potential for further advancements. In this review, we present an overview of the potential of NK cells in cancer immunotherapies, as well as non‐viral transfection technologies for engineering NK cells.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomics Uncovers Core Signature for Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis During Testicular Ageing
Authors: Xu Weijie , Huang Qiuru , Qi Yujuan , Hu Qingqing , Shen Cong , Chen Xia , Li Jiaxin , Xia Qiushi , Pan Ziyue , Zhang Yi , Han Guoqing , Huang Jingqi , Liu Yiheng , Cao Ziyu , Zheng Ying , Zheng Bo , Gu Zhifeng , Yu Jun , Sun Chi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTesticular ageing is accompanied by a series of morphological changes, while the features of mitochondrial dysfunction remain largely unknown. Herein, we observed a range of age‐related modifications in testicular morphology and spermatogenic cells, and conducted single‐cell RNA sequencing on young and old testes in Drosophila. Pseudotime trajectory revealed significant changes in germline subpopulations during ageing. Our examination unveiled that genes showing bias in spermatids exhibited higher dN/dS than those in GSCs_Spermatogonia. Genes biased towards young GSCs_Spermatogonia displayed higher dN/dS than those in old GSCs_Spermatogonia. Interestingly, genes biased towards young spermatids demonstrated lower dN/dS in contrast to those in old spermatids, revealing the complexity of evolutionary adaptations during ageing. Furthermore, mitochondria associated events, including oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle and pyruvate metabolism, were significantly enriched in germline subpopulations. Specifically, mitochondrial function was significantly impaired during the process of testicular ageing, concurrently emphasising the role of several key nuclear genome‐encoded mitochondrial regulatory genes, such as Hsp60B, fzo, Tim17b1 and mRpL12. Our data offer insights into testicular homeostasis regulated by mitochondrial function during the ageing process.
Psychopathological Characteristics and Subjective Dimensions of Suicidality in Adolescents at Ultra High Risk (UHR) for Psychosis
Authors: Monducci Elena , Mammarella Valeria , Maffucci Alessia , Colaiori Michela , Cox Olivia , Cesario Serena , Cammisa Luca , Terrinoni Arianna , Ardizzone Ignazio , Battaglia Claudia , Colafrancesco Giada , Casini Maria Pia , Pisani Francesco , Ferrara Mauro , Raballo Andrea 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and HypothesisSuicide and suicidal behaviour are among the most frequent and serious complications in severe mental disorders, especially in the developmental years. From the early stages of psychosis, i.e., in ultra high risk (UHR) and first psychotic episode (FEP) subjects, the suicide risk (SR) is higher than in the general population. Therefore, assessing suicidal thoughts during the high psychotic risk period is extremely important. This study aims to assess SR in a group of UHR adolescents compared to FEP and clinical help‐seeking controls (CHSC) peers.Study Design95 adolescents (13–18 years) were evaluated through psychopathological interviews and self‐report questionnaires to assess UHR, FEP or CHSC condition, clinical suicidal behaviour and suicide thoughts, global functioning, self‐disorders, and other psychiatric comorbidities.Study ResultsWe identified 17 FEP, 33 UHR, and 45 CHSC. 54.7% of the total sample is at SR, identified in 70.6% of FEP subjects, 81.8% of UHR subjects and 28.9% of CHSC patients. Furthermore, SR correlated with positive symptoms (p = 0.013), negative symptoms (p = 0.032), general symptoms (p = 0.009), and global functioning (p < 0.001) as well as with the total EASE score (p < 0.001). An increasing rate of self‐disorders was associated with an increased likelihood of SR.ConclusionsMonitoring UHR adolescents not only for psychotic onset but also for SR is crucial due to their higher suicidality and worse prognosis. Rigorous management and monitoring can enable more targeted interventions and suicide prevention strategies.
Crack Arrest Analysis of Components With Compressive Residual Stress
Authors: Xiao Xuran , Okorokov Volodymyr , Mackenzie Donald 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA finite element analysis and fracture mechanics methodology for determining the autofrettage pressure required to cause crack arrest in components under varying pressure loading are presented. Superposition of the autofrettage residual stress distribution and working load stress distribution is combined with ANSYS Separating Morphing and Adaptive Remeshing Technology (SMART) to determine the effective stress intensity factor as the crack grows. The condition for crack arrest is identified by comparison with a crack arrest model defining the crack propagation threshold stress intensity factor range for microstructurally short, physically short, and long cracks. The crack propagation threshold models of El Haddad and Chapetti are implemented and applied to fatigue analysis of stainless steel and low carbon steel double notch tensile test specimens with preinduced compressive residual stress. Based on comparison with fatigue test results, the Chapetti model is selected for use in the analysis of a 3D aluminum alloy valve body. The calculated minimum autofrettage pressure required to give crack arrest under a given working load cycle is found to be in good agreement with experimental observations from the literature.
NIR spectroscopy: Developing predictive models for chemical attributes and in vitro dry matter digestibility of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania
Authors: Serafim Camila Cano , do Carmo João Pedro Monteiro , Franconere Erica Regina Rodrigues , Melquiades Fábio Luiz , Calixto Odimári Pricila Prado , Vendrame Pedro Siqueira , Galbeiro Sandra , Cavalheiro Junior Elias Rodrigues , Miorin Renan , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPastures in animal production are widely used, but production is conditioned to several factors. The nutritional composition of forage can be altered by soil conditions, season, plant maturity and morphology, so it is important to monitor its quality through chemical analysis. To optimize this type of analysis and speed up decision‐making by farmers and technicians, the use of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a tool that has been successfully applied. This research aimed to develop predictive models for chemical components of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania using NIR spectroscopy. Laboratory determinations of ash, crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of 345 forage samples were used as reference data and correlated with their NIRS spectra. To calibrate the models, principal component analysis and partial least squares regression were applied. The results indicated that the prediction models of the studied parameters presented a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to or greater than 0.90; residual predictive deviation rate (RPD) greater than 3.0; error interval ratio (RER) greater than 12; close mean square error values between calibration and validation; and optimal number of latent variables (LV) between seven and eight for model calibration. For CP and IVDMD prediction, the regions with the highest simultaneous contribution were 1,414, 1996 and 2,384 nm; while for NDF and ADF, 1714, 1784, 1786, 2,160, 2,320 and 2,450 nm. The success in the development of predictive models by NIR spectroscopy to evaluate dry matter digestibility and other main chemical attributes of M. maximus cv. Tanzania shows that the quality of the models developed in this study enables them to be used alternatively in routine laboratory analysis in a quick, reliable and accurate way.
Risk prediction criteria for the primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumour family, including angiomyolipoma: analysis of 132 cases with a literature review
Authors: Yoo Youngeun , Kim Jihun , Song In Hye 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa), including angiomyolipoma, exhibits diverse morphology and clinical behaviour; however, its prognostic features remain undefined. This study aimed to investigate its histological features and prognostic factors.Methods and ResultsIn total, 132 patients were included. Clinical data and histopathological slides were assessed along with the p53 and Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry. Targeted next‐generation sequencing was performed in three cases. Based on the histologic subtypes, 7 (10%), 36 (51%), 13 (18%), and 15 (21%) patients were classified as inflammatory angiomyolipoma, conventional angiomyolipoma, epithelioid angiomyolipoma, and PEComa not otherwise specified (NOS), respectively, among 71 patients who underwent surgical resection. We proposed the risk prediction criteria after defining primary tumour size ≥7 cm, infiltrative border, mitotic rate >1/10 mm2, necrosis, vascular invasion, and PEComa NOS as worrisome features, as follows: high‐risk: ≥3 worrisome features; intermediate‐risk: 1–2 features; low‐risk: none of the features. Applying these criteria, 4 (6%), 31 (44%), and 36 (51%) patients were classified into high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk groups, respectively. One patient each in the high‐risk (25%) and intermediate‐risk (3%) groups developed peritoneal metastases and intrahepatic recurrence, respectively, whereas none in the low‐risk group showed disease progression. A literature review of clinically malignant hepatic PEComa family tumours was conducted, and upon application of our criteria, 62% (16/26) of the patients were classified as high‐risk and 35% (9/26) as intermediate‐ or high‐risk.ConclusionOur risk prediction criteria can effectively predict the clinical outcomes in primary hepatic PEComa.
Molecular Characterization of δβ Thalassemia/Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin and Its Correlation With Clinical and Hematological Profile; a Single Center Study in North India
Authors: Gupta R. , Shah A. , Gupta K. , Chandra D. , Sharma A. , Rahman K. , Singh M. K. , Yadav S. , Kashyap R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundδβ‐thalassemia/HPFH is an uncommon hemoglobinopathy characterized by decreased or the total absence of production of δ‐ and β‐globin and increased HbF levels. Both these disorders have variable genotype and phenotype, but significant overlap in the clinical and laboratory findings. Given the lack of literature in this regard, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the disease and evaluate its clinical, hematological, and molecular profile in India.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective study where all samples with HbF level ≥ 5% and suspected to be δβ‐thalassemia/HPFH, based on the HPLC, were included in the study over 3.5 years. The demographic and clinical details were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Gap‐PCR was carried out to characterize the molecular defect for the HbF determinant, while amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS—PCR) was carried out for β‐thalassemia genoyping. Clinical and laboratory parameters of heterozygous and homozygous/compound heterozygous δβ thalassemia deletions were compared.ResultsA total of 65 individuals (0.8%) were diagnosed with δβ‐thalassemia/HPFH; these included 45 (69%) patients in the heterozygous group and 20 (31%) cases in the homozygous/compound heterozygous subgroup. While all the carrier states were asymptomatic, 80% of the patients in the homozygous/compound heterozygous state were symptomatic with a thalassemia intermedia‐like profile. The median Hb levels were 12.3 g/dL (range −9.5–18.2) and 8.0 g/dL (range 3.8–15.1) respectively. Molecular profiling identified heterozygous Asian Indian inversion deletion Gγ(Aγδβ)0 mutation in 50% of cases, heterozygous HPFH‐3 (Indian HPFH, 48.5 kb deletion) in 14% cases, and homozygous Gγ(Aγδβ)0‐thalassemia in 21% cases. Compound heterozygous HPFH‐3/Gγ(Aγδβ)0 mutation with β‐thalassemia was observed in 8.9% and 3.5%, respectively. In one case, the HbF determinant could not be identified. Heterozygous (HBB:c. 92+5G>C), was the most frequent co‐inherited β‐thalassemia mutation in the compound heterozygous patients.ConclusionThe study highlights that high HbF determinants, like δβ thalassemia and HPFH, are relatively more frequent in the Indian subcontinent, and their co‐inheritance with β‐thalassemia results in a moderately severe disease. Accurate identification of molecular defects is important for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Structural Immunology of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Yuan Meng , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein has undergone significant evolution, enhancing both receptor binding and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize ongoing efforts to develop antibodies targeting various epitopes of the S protein, focusing on their neutralization potency, breadth, and escape mechanisms. Antibodies targeting the receptor‐binding site (RBS) typically exhibit high neutralizing potency but are frequently evaded by mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. In contrast, antibodies targeting conserved regions, such as the S2 stem helix and fusion peptide, exhibit broader reactivity but generally lower neutralization potency. However, several broadly neutralizing antibodies have demonstrated exceptional efficacy against emerging variants, including the latest omicron subvariants, underscoring the potential of targeting vulnerable sites such as RBS‐A and RBS‐D/CR3022. We also highlight public classes of antibodies targeting different sites on the S protein. The vulnerable sites targeted by public antibodies present opportunities for germline‐targeting vaccine strategies. Overall, developing escape‐resistant, potent antibodies and broadly effective vaccines remains crucial for combating future variants. This review emphasizes the importance of identifying key epitopes and utilizing antibody affinity maturation to inform future therapeutic and vaccine design.