bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Ambient Weather a Risk Factor for Acute Encephalopathy Outbreaks in Children in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India? Insight from a 9-Year Analysis
Authors: Singh Arun K , Shahi Sunil Kumar , Kumar Bhartendu , Das Manoja Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Despite periodic outbreaks, the causes and risk factors of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in children of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, remain unknown. We explored the correlation between AES caseload and the climate parameters.

Methods
Data for 1318 hospitalized children with AES during 2012–20 were used. The correlation between AES cases and daily climate parameters (temperature, sunshine, rainfall, humidity and wind speed) for the previous 24, 48 and 72 h were examined using Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank-order correlation and Poisson regression or negative binomial regression analyses.

Results
Most (91.8%) of the AES cases occurred during the summer season (May–July months), especially June month. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank-order correlation analyses revealed that AES caseload had positive correlations with maximum (r = 0.275, ρ = 0.293) and minimum (r = 0.306, ρ = 0.306) temperatures during past 24 h and heat index (r = 0.325, ρ = 0.325) and negative correlation with humidity (r = −0.222, ρ = −0.222) and rainfall (r = −0.183, ρ = −0.183) (all p &lt; 0.05). The correlation was consistent for the climate parameters for the past 24, 48 and 72 h. Regression analysis also documented a significant association of AES cases with daily maximum (β: 0.32–0.36) and minimum (β: 0.53–0.62) temperatures and heat index (β: 0.92–1.03) over past 24, 48 and 72 h (all p &lt; 0.01). The number of AES cases exponentially increased when the daily maximum and minimum temperatures crossed 40°C and 31°C, respectively.

Conclusions
The climate parameters, especially temperature appears to be a risk factor for AES in children. The definite aetiological role of heat for AES in children needs further exploration.
High Serum Total IgE at Admission Is Associated with Coronary Artery Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Wang Zhi , Liu Xiaohui , Duan Zhao , Peng Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with allergy. As immunoglobulin E (IgE), a key element of allergic reactions, is related with coronary heart disease, we evaluated the serum total IgE levels, and investigated its clinical relevance in 339 children with KD. These patients were classified as high IgE group and normal IgE group according to the reference value of IgE. Serum IgE levels in the high group (279.76 ± 202.54 IU/mL) significantly increased compared with the normal group (5.51 ± 15.79 IU/mL) (p &lt; 0.001). There were also no significant differences in the frequency of major clinical manifestation between the two groups. The number of patients who developed coronary artery lesions (CALs) was significantly higher in the high group (p = 0.004), and the serum levels of IgE were also markedly higher in the KD patients with CALs than in patients without CALs (p = 0.002). High total serum IgE was an independent prognostic for CALs in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, serum IgE levels may be associated with CALs in children with KD.
Colonization of Mutualistic Mycorrhizal and Parasitic Blast Fungi Requires OsRAM2-Regulated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Rice
Authors: Dai Huiling , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhao Boyu , Shi Jincai , Zhang Chi , Wang Gang , Yu Nan , Wang Ertao 
Published: December 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutual association with the majority of land plants, including most angiosperms of the dicotyledon and monocotyledon lineages. The symbiosis is based upon bidirectional nutrient exchange between the host and symbiont that occurs between inner cortical cells of the root and branched AM hyphae called arbuscules that develop within these cells. Lipid transport and its regulation during the symbiosis have been intensively investigated in dicotyledon plants, especially legumes. Here, we characterize OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L, homologs of Medicago truncatula RAM2, and found that plants defective in OsRAM2 were unable to be colonized by AM fungi and showed impaired colonization by Magnaporthe oryzae. The induction of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L is dependent on OsRAM1 and the common symbiosis signaling pathway pathway genes CCaMK and CYCLOPS, while overexpression of OsRAM1 results in increased expression of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L. Collectively, our data show that the function and regulation of OsRAM2 is conserved in monocot and dicot plants and reveals that, similar to mutualistic fungi, pathogenic fungi have recruited RAM2-mediated fatty acid biosynthesis to facilitate invasion. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Szelinski Franziska , Lino Andreia C. , Dörner Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
New insight into altered B cell distribution including newly identified subsets and abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as their role in immune protection are summarized in this review.

Recent findings
SLE carries characteristic B cell abnormalities, which offer new insights into B cell differentiation and their disturbances including discoveries of pathogenic B cell subsets and intrinsic B cell abnormalities. A recent study in SLE found that antigen-experienced B cell subsets lacking expression of CD27 and IgD defined by their lack of CXCR5 and CD19low expression are expanded in SLE and represent plasmablasts likely escaping proper selection. In terms of therapeutic targeting with broader coverage than rituximab, second-generation anti-CD20, anti-CD38 and CD19-CART treatment experiences have advanced our understanding recently. However, the key role of qualitative and quantitative B cell requirements in connection with T cells became apparent during SARS-Cov2 infection and vaccination, especially in patients with gradual B cell impairments by rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide.

Summary
Identification and characterization relevant B cell subsets together with altered regulatory mechanisms in SLE facilitates new approaches in targeting pathogenic B cells but require consideration of preservation of protection.
Perioperative Hypothermia Is Associated With Increased 30-Day Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients in the United Kingdom: Α Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mroczek Thomas J. , Prodromidis Apostolos D. , Pearce Adrian , Malik Rayaz A. , Charalambous Charalambos P. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the relationship between perioperative hypothermia and mortality after surgery for hip fracture.

Data Sources:
A systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases was performed using the Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews with no publication year limit. Only studies available in the English language were included.

Study selection:
Predetermined inclusion criteria were patients of any age with a hip fracture, exposure was their body temperature and outcome was mortality rate. Any comparative study design was eligible.

Data extraction:
The quality of selected studies was assessed according to each study design with the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) used for all the retrospective comparative studies. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.

Data synthesis:
A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Results:
The literature search identified 1016 records. After removing duplicates and those not meeting inclusion criteria, 3 studies measuring 30-day mortality were included. All included studies were carried out in the United Kingdom. The mortality rate was higher in the hypothermic groups as compared with the normothermic group in all the studies, with the difference being significant in 2 of the studies (P < 0.0001). The meta-analysis showed that low body temperature was associated with an increased mortality risk (estimated odds ratio: 2.660; 95% confidence interval: 1.948–3.632; P < 0.001) in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture.

Conclusions:
This study shows that low body temperature in hip fracture patients is associated with an increased 30-day mortality risk in the United Kingdom. Randomized control trials are required to determine whether the association between perioperative hypothermia in hip fracture patients and mortality is causal. Nevertheless, based on this analysis, we urge the maintenance of normal body temperature in the perioperative period to be included in national hip fracture guidelines.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Development of a Clinical Reasoning Learner Blueprint: A Guide for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment
Authors: Reilly Michelle , Furze Jennifer , Black Lisa , Knight Heather , Niski Jessica , Peterson Julie , Jensen Gail 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Clinical reasoning (CR) is a foundational component of effective and innovative physical therapist practice. When considering the development of the CR process over time, a blueprint to guide both educators and students along the learner continuum is valuable to the teaching and learning process. This study describes the development of a learner blueprint for CR to guide educators in effective and evidence-based teaching, learning, and assessment strategies.

Method/Model Description and Evaluation:
A 4-phased process was used to develop the blueprint. Phase I (Critical literature review and content analysis): A literature search to identify articles relevant to the teaching, learning, and assessment of CR across the health professions was performed. Phase II (Creation of draft blueprint): Investigators reviewed all relevant articles, assigned them to a learner level, identified common themes and key concepts, and developed an overall summary statement of facilitation and assessment strategies. Phase III (Expert Analysis/validation and initial modification): Focus groups of content experts reviewed the blueprint for content, breadth, depth, and accuracy. Feedback from focus groups was used to inform initial modifications to the blueprint. Phase IV (Vetting of the blueprint with key stakeholders and final modifications): Key stakeholders including academic faculty, physical therapist students, physical therapist residents, and clinical instructors were recruited to review the blueprint for utility and applicability. Feedback from focus group data was used to inform a second round of blueprint modifications.

Outcomes:
After revisions based on the analysis of the stakeholder focus groups, a final blueprint was generated that represents linking learning theory with clinical practice expectations in describing teaching and learning strategies designed to facilitate and assess CR across the continuum of physical therapy education.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The CR learner blueprint can serve as a guide for educators to facilitate and assess CR across the educational continuum in both didactic and clinical environments. Further analysis and validation of the tool is needed.
Circulating microRNA-208 family as early diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Jia , Xu Liwenjing , Tian Lu , Sun Qiyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Many recent studies have demonstrated that serum miRNA-208 (miR-208) could be a powerful biomarker in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the result of previous studies was not accurate due to the small sample sizes and controversial issues. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression levels of miR-208 and AMI.

Materials and methods:
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a preliminary literature search was performed. The study was based on articles published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases before September 30, 2019. Two staff members extracted data from the included articles for meta-analysis. These data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operator curve (SROC) analyses.

Results:
This study included 13 pieces of literature, which contains 1703 patients with AMI and 1589 controls. The main results of our meta-analysis were as follows: The pool sensitivity and specificity of miR-208 for diagnosing AMI was 83% and 97%. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 93%. Mir-208 had a highly effective diagnostic capacity to distinguish AMI from chest pain patients with an AUC of 93%.

Conclusions:
The results showed that circulating miR-208 was a reliable biomarker both for diagnosting ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). MiR-208 was sufficient to distinguish AMI patients with chest pain from healthy controls.
A case report of ultrasound-guided knee nerve pulse radiofrequency combined with platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Jin Hui , Zuo Hao , Xu Rui , Ji Youbo , Wang Zhonghan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationable:
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a disease characterized by noninflammatory degenerative changes of articular cartilage. The main clinical manifestations are joint pain and stiffness. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is thought to treat pain by destroying nerve tissue and changing the physical characteristics of nerve tissue membrane.

Patient concerns:
The patients presents with joint pain and tenderness. Touching around the knee joint will induce pain and joint stiffness when the hand is pressed hard.

Interventions:
Four patients with knee osteoarthritis underwent pulsed radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the knee joint cavity under ultrasound guidance and injected 2 mL of 10 mg/mL platelet-rich plasma into the joint cavity once a week for a total of 4 times. Record the patient's Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the degree of knee movement limitation before treatment, 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment.

Diagnoses:
Four patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Outcomes:
After treatment, the patient's VAS score improved, and the knee joint mobility function recovered well. Ultrasound-guided knee nerve pulse radiofrequency combined with intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma can effectively improve the knee joint function and reduce the pain of the patient. The clinical effect is significant, and it is worthy of clinical application.
Effects of nutritional support combined with insulin therapy on serum proteins, inflammatory factors, pentraxin-3, and serum amylase levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Yin Chao , Lu Songtao , Wei Dongmei , Xiong Juwen , Zhu Lishuang , Yan Shaoru , Meng Rui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To explore the effects of nutritional support combined with insulin therapy on serum protein, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and serum amylase (AMS) levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis.
A total of 64 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled in this prospective study. They were divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method, with 32 patients in each group. Patients in the study group were given nutritional support combined with insulin therapy, and patients in the control group were given insulin therapy.
There were no significant differences in general data including age, gender, body mass index, course and type of diabetes, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, RANSON, CT grades between the 2 groups before treatment (all P > .05). After 7 days of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (study group vs control group, 94.44% vs 75.00%, P < .05). After 7 days of treatment, the levels of prealbumin and albumin in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 7 days of treatment, the levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, PTX-3, and AMS in the 2 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < .05), and the levels of PCT, CRP, TNF-α, PTX-3, and AMS in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After 7 days of treatment, the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in the 2 groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05).
Nutritional support combined with insulin is obviously effective in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with acute pancreatitis, which can improve serum protein levels, reduce inflammatory response, improve immune function, and is worthy of clinical application.
Clinical insights into hematologic malignancies and comparative analysis of molecular signatures of acute myeloid leukemia in different ethnicities using an artificial intelligence offering
Authors: Snowdon Jane L. , Weeraratne Dilhan , Huang Hu , Brotman David , Xue Shang , Willis Van C. , Lee Young Kyung , Jeon Kibum , Zang Dae Young , Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Ho Young , Han Boram , Kim Miyoung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Next generation sequencing generates copious amounts of genomics data, causing manual interpretation to be laborious and non-scalable while remaining subjective (even for highly trained specialists). We evaluated the performance of the artificial intelligence-based offering Watson for Genomics (WfG), a variant interpretation platform, in hematologic malignancies for the first time.
Next generation sequencing was performed for patients treated for various hematological malignancies at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, South Korea, between December 2017 and August 2020 using a 54-gene panel. Both WfG and expert manual curation were used to evaluate the performance of WfG. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) molecular profiles were compared between Koreans and other ethnic groups using a publicly available dataset.
Seventy-seven patients were analyzed (AML: 45, myeloproliferative neoplasms: 12, multiple myeloma: 7, myelodysplastic syndromes: 6, and others: 7). The concordance between the manual and WfG interpretations of 35 variants in 11 random patients was 94%. Among all patients, WfG identified 39 (51%) with at least 1 clinically actionable therapeutic alteration (i.e., a variant targeted by a United States Food and Drug Administration [US FDA]-approved drug, off-label drug, or clinical trial). Moreover, 46% of these patients (18/39) had genes that were targeted by a US FDA-approved therapy. WfG identified diagnostic or prognostic insights in 65% of the patients with no targetable alterations. In those with AML, FLT3-internal tandem duplications or tyrosine kinase domain mutations were less frequent among Koreans than among Caucasians (6.7% vs 30.2%, P < .001) or Hispanics (6.7% vs 28.3%, P = .005), suggesting ethnic differences.
Variant interpretation using WfG correlated well with manually curated expert opinions. WfG provided therapeutic insights (including variant-specific drugs and clinical trials that cannot easily be provided by expert manual curation), as well as diagnostic and/or prognostic information.
Use of rivaroxaban in sickle cell disease and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Rozi Waail , Ali Elrazi Awadelkarim Hamid , Al-Mashdali Abdulrahman F. , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematological disorder characterized by sickling of red blood cells. Patients are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism. There are no guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolism in sickle cell disease specifically in terms of the anticoagulant of choice.

Patient concerns:
Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old lady with past medical history of sickle cell disease who came with chest pain and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis:
We found that she has bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE).

Intervention:
She was started on rivaroxaban.

Outcome:
The patient was followed for 18 months, she did not suffer from recurrence of PE, and she did not develop any complications related to rivaroxaban.

Conclusion:
We concluded that rivaroxaban is effective in treating PE in sicklers and also it is safe.
The association between EKG abnormalities and the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chang Yu-Kang , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Lim Paik-Seong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Microalbuminuria is associated with both with chronic kidney disease and various cardiovascular abnormalities. Given the common use of electrocardiograms (EKGs) in diagnosing cardiovascular dysfunction, this study is analyzing the relationship between EKG abnormalities and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The enrollments of this study were from the 10-year follow-up data (2003–2012) of the Diabetes Management through an Integrated Delivery System project. All study subjects underwent at least 1 EKG measurement. The urinary microalbuminuria was recorded annually. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between EKG abnormalities and the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients. The total of 1189 patients with type 2 DM are included in this study and a total of 552 patients had microalbuminuria during a 10-year follow-up. A significantly higher odds ratio of microalbuminuria occurrence (4.85) was found in the patients with premature supraventricular contraction or tachycardia compared to those without EKG abnormalities. The odds ratios of microalbuminuria occurrence were 1.00, 2.43, 2.64, and 2.98, respectively, for patients with insulin resistance in the Q (quartile) 1(as the reference), Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Our findings can serve as a reference for the association between EKG abnormalities and the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.