bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Land Value Taxation In New Zealand (1891 - 1991)
Authors:   , Hobbs Dylan 
Published: December 2021

<p>This thesis examines the historical use of land value taxation by the New Zealand government over the period 1891 – 1991. The study adopts qualitative research methods to explore how land taxation policy progressed over the century and what were the relevant influences on policy direction. The primary aim of the study is to examine how the land value tax policy used in New Zealand developed over time, what drove changes to it and, ultimately, why it was abolished. To this end the study adopts a historical institutionalist framework to analyse the influence of institutional factors on the development of land tax policy. Particular attention is paid to the influence of ideas, path dependency, critical junctures and power. The research itself is an interpretive narrative history, primarily drawing from historical document sources including government records and publications, legislation, parliamentary debate records, court records and media coverage. By addressing this topic, this research informs future debate as to the suitability of land taxation for use as a tool to influence the property market or as a method of wealth taxation. In addition it offers an explanation as to how methods of taxation can become obsolete and eventually be abolished, in a New Zealand context.</p>
The paradox of contemporary midwifery practice: Promoting an out-of-hospital birth setting
Authors:   , Torrance Bronwyn 
Published: December 2021

<p>In New Zealand women choose their place of birth in partnership with their Lead Maternity Care (case loading) midwife, with most choosing a hospital regardless of their lack of risk factors. The reasons why most women in western countries choose to birth in hospital have been widely investigated. Risk aversity is most commonly implicated. For both women and health professionals this powerful discourse persists despite consistent research findings indicating higher rates of normal birth, and lower rates of maternal morbidity associated with interventions for healthy women who birth in out-of-hospital (primary) maternity units, with no difference in neonatal outcomes. There is however a gap in the literature regarding what is known about how midwives might positively influence the choice to birth in a primary unit. A qualitative descriptive design through an appreciative inquiry lens enabled insight from 12 midwives who have a higher ratio of women within their caseload who choose to birth in a primary unit. Four focus groups were formed with these midwives to explore their perspectives and approaches as they assist women to make their place of birth decisions. From thematically analysed data, five themes emerged, Ways of knowing: woman, art, science and research; Trusting in you, me, and the process of childbirth; Setting boundaries as a ‘primary birth midwife’; and Delaying and diverting, a malleable approach, centered around the theme When it matters what we say: reframing safety and risk. Alongside supporting current research, this study adds to the body of knowledge about birthplace choice by bringing to the fore the notion of paradox in practice, setting boundaries whilst remaining malleable for example. In a contemporary maternity context, these midwives dance between two worlds fundamentally at odds with one another, effectively managing contradiction, complexity and uncertainty to achieve a high primary unit caseload. The experience of what works to promote the primary unit for a cohort of New Zealand midwives is uncovered in this research. The social recalibrations needed to adjust the hospital birth norm are much broader issues than midwives alone can change, but in this study, we see they are staying the course in order to protect and promote normal birth. How midwives might inform decision-making for place of birth choice is described.</p>
On matroids that are transversal and cotransversal
Authors:   , Jose Meenu Mariya 
Published: December 2021

<p>There are distinct differences between classes of matroids that are closed under principal extensions and those that are not Finite-field-representable matroids are not closed under principal extensions and they exhibit attractive properties like well-quasi-ordering and decidable theories (at least for subclasses with bounded branch-width). Infinite-field-representable matroids, on the other hand, are closed under principal extensions and exhibit none of these behaviours. For example, the class of rank-3 real representable matroids is not well-quasi-ordered and has an undecidable theory. The class of matroids that are transversal and cotransversal is not closed under principal extensions or coprincipal coextentions, so we expect it to behave more like the class of finite-field-representable matroids. This thesis is invested in exploring properties in the aforementioned class. A major idea that has inspired the thesis is the investigation of well-quasi-ordered classes in the world of matroids that are transversal and cotransversal. We conjecture that any minor-closed class with bounded branch-width containing matroids that are transversal and cotransversal is well-quasi-ordered. In Chapter 8 of the thesis, we prove this is true for lattice-path matroids, a well-behaved class that falls in this intersection. The general class of lattice-path matroids is not well-quasi-ordered as it contains an infinite antichain of so-called ‘notch matroids’. The interesting phenomenon that we observe is that this is essentially the only antichain in this class, that is, any minor-closed family of lattice-path matroids that contains only finitely many notch matroids is well-quasi-ordered. This answers a question posed by Jim Geelen. Another question that drove the research was recognising fundamental transversal matroids, since these matroids are also cotransversal. We prove that this problem in general is in NP and conjecture that it is NP-complete. We later explore this question for the classes of lattice-path and bicircular matroids. We are successful in finding polynomial-time algorithms in both classes that identify fundamental transversal matroids. We end this part by investigating the intersection of bicircular and cobicircular matroids. We define a specific class - whirly-swirls - and conjecture that eventually any matroid in the above mentioned intersection belongs to this class.</p>
Virtual Environments as Medium for Laypeople’s Communication and Collaboration in Urban Design
Authors:   , Chowdhury Shuva 
Published: December 2021

<p>The distance between urban design processes and outcomes and their communication to stakeholders and citizens are often significant. Urban designers use a variety of tools to bridge this gap. Each tool often places high demands on the audience, and each through inherent characteristics and affordances, introduces possible failures to understand the design ideas, thus imposing a divergence between the ideas, their communication and the understandings. Urban design is a hugely complex activity influenced by numerous factors. The design exploration process may follow established design traditions. In all instances, the medium in which the exploration takes place affects the understanding by laypeople. Design tools are chosen, in part, to facilitate the design process. Most urban design community engagement does not use Virtual Environments (VE) as a means of communication and participation in the early stage of the design generation. There has been little research on how the use of VE for urban design can engage laypeople as contributors to the design process. It has been suggested that VE instruments can allow laypeople to express, explore and convey their imagination more easily. The very different nature of perceptual understanding of VE and its capability to produce instant 3D artefacts with design actions may allow laypeople to generate meaningful design ideas. An experiment setup has developed to leverage laypeople in authentic design collaboration. This thesis examines in the context of New Zealand’s National Science Challenge ‘Building Better Homes, Towns and Cities’ the drivers of change that contribute to the shaping of places, development and design of future neighbourhoods. A series of experiments have been conducted in the site of a neighbourhood to investigate the relative effectiveness of immersive VE to facilitate people in collaborative urban design. The findings support the hypothesis that VE with the generation of 3D artefacts enhances design communication for laypeople to design an urban form for their neighbourhood. The thesis concludes by discussing how New Zealand’s future neighbourhoods can be shaped and developed with VE assisted participatory urban design.</p>
Reproductive justice: Improving access to abortion services in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors:   , Downing Penelope 
Published: December 2021

<p>With the recently introduced Abortion Legislation Bill 2019, 2020 could be the year that Aotearoa decriminalises abortion. The Bill, if passed, would remove abortion from the Crimes Act 1961 and treat it, instead, as a health issue. Current legislation has been heavily critiqued for undermining patients’ human rights to healthcare and bodily autonomy, causing lengthy delays in treatment, and contributing to stress. Access to abortion is unequal for different members of society, particularly for those who face socioeconomic disadvantages, are marginalised, rural, Māori, religious, migrant, or a combination thereof. Factors that obstruct access may be legal, geographical, socioeconomic, cultural and societal. Additionally, stigma, the lack of availability of willing abortion practitioners, and conscientious objection represent significant barriers. Improving access to abortion would assist in the achievement of reproductive justice and Aotearoa’s national and international agreements, such as Te Tiriti o Waitangi and the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. This study explores how access to abortion can be improved, particularly for the most disadvantaged, whether or not the law changes. It aims to contribute to improved and more equitable access to abortion services. Undertaken from a social constructivist and transformative epistemology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 abortion providers, academics and advocates, as they are the knowledge-holders of abortion access. The research is guided by the framework of reproductive justice, which recognises every aspect which may hinder or empower a person’s right to control their fertility. The study found that decriminalisation and telemedicine have the greatest potential to improve access to abortion in Aotearoa, particularly for the most disadvantaged. Other ways to improve access, regardless of law change, include improved cultural competency, efforts to reduce stigma, changes to conscientious objection, and integrated services. Decriminalisation would assist in improving access to abortion and making advancements towards reproductive justice and human rights. However, questions remain over the future of funding, training and access.</p>
A Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial of Third Generation Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Relapsed and Refractory B-Cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors:   , George Philip 
Published: December 2021

<p>Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is shifting the treatment paradigm internationally for selected patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma. Despite high response rates with durable responses achieved in a significant proportion of patients, over 50% of patients will have progressed at one year following treatment with the currently licensed anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapies. This modality of therapy is also associated with acute and potentially life-threatening toxicities, requiring strict risk mitigation strategies. In this thesis, the design, preparation and implementation of a new third generation anti-CD19 CAR T-cell Phase 1 trial entitled ENABLE, for patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, is described in detail. Following a literature review of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, the rationale for the ENABLE trial design is discussed, along with regulatory and clinical requirements for setting up CAR T-cell therapy in New Zealand. The importance of international collaboration to inform aspects of study design, CAR T-cell product manufacturing and developing CAR T-cell toxicity management protocols, has been demonstrated. The early clinical experience on the ENABLE trial is presented along with provisional safety, pharmacokinetic and efficacy data from the first participant treated. This is the first time that CAR T-cell therapy has been administered in New Zealand, demonstrating CAR T-cell expansion in vivo; but also highlighting the complexities of the CAR T-cell product manufacturing process and the importance of evaluating feasibility of CAR T-cell manufacturing, as a key secondary endpoint of the study. Further clinical experience on the ENABLE trial is crucial to develop the potential for CAR T-Cell therapy to be a safe, feasible and effective option for selected New Zealand patients in the future.</p>
Investigation of the Rotokawa Geothermal System and Feasibility of Supercritical Fluid Production within the TVZ through Supercritical TOUGH2 Numerical Modeling.
Authors:   , Carson Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

<p>A single fault process model was created to test the sensitivity of each TOUGH2 rock parameter on the convection flow rate and fluid enthalpy within a simulated fault. With a fixed temperature base the single fault process model found a negative correlation with the fault permeability and convection fluid enthalpy and a positive liner increases in mass flow with fault area. Next a large scale Supercritical TOUGH2 model was built to simulate the entire Rotokawa geothermal system incorporating findings of the fault process model. The single porosity model 20 x 10 x 6km with 20 layers and 57,600 grid blocks. Unlike previous models of the Rotokawa reservoir and larger scale TVZ numerical models a fixed temperature base with a no flow boundary was used to represent the brittle ductile transition. The model permeability below the currently explored reservoir was bounded by 3-D magnetologic data. Lower resistivity zones were given higher bulk permeability in the model. The model resulted in a comparable temperature and pressure match to the Rotokawa natural state conditions. Convection of supercritical fluid reached depths shallower than -4500mRL but only occurred in zones with a bulk vertical permeability less than 2 mD. Further modelling work with a supercritical wellbore coupled reservoir model will be need to evaluate the potential deliverability of a super critical well from the Rotokawa geothermal system.</p>
Cheers! Selling Health and Happiness: Advertising Alcohol in New Zealand, c.1900-1945
Authors:   , Duncan Marie 
Published: December 2021

<p>Abstract At the turn of the 20th century New Zealand’s newspapers were filled with advertising material offering information on a wide variety of products. Among these advertisements were those for alcohol, a commodity which the advertisements claimed to have multiple benefits, including those of a restorative and curative nature. This thesis will examine how two product groups, alcoholic beverages claiming medicinal value, and patent medicines containing alcohol, were advertised in selected New Zealand newspapers and magazines during the years 1900-1945. The advertising of these two groups was, in many ways, similar. Both used evocative text and images, with the images changing from drawn illustrations to photographs, and both targeted groups, linking these to specific drinks. For example, tonic wine advertising was aimed at women suffering from psychological distress, while beer and spirit advertisements targeted men and sporting codes, and patent medicine advertisements were designed to attract mothers and those suffering from respiratory illnesses. While both alcohol and patent medicines were subject to legislation this was not always effective. The Quackery Act 1908, which should have impacted on both alcohol and patent medicine advertising had no effect on either group. Patent medicine advertisers however, responded to the Physical Welfare Recreation Act 1937, and the Social Welfare Act 1938 with images of active, healthy children. The Medical Advertisements Act 1942 impacted immediately on alcohol advertising. but was not as successful with patent medicines. Both groups had significant changes affecting their advertising. For example, patent medicine advertising was dramatically altered by the discovery of vitamins. This, to a large extent, moved the impetus of many of these advertisements from illness to health. Two factors influenced alcohol advertising: the first being Prohibition Referenda which saw the emergence of advertising focused on placing alcohol in the household medicine chest. This highlighted the use of alcohol as a commodity commonly used in the home for medical and other emergencies and these advertisements informed readers of what could be lost if prohibition were passed. The second, and most significant change came about with the Medical Advertisements Act 1942 when any mention of cure or relief became unlawful.</p>
Cutting Edge Fabrication: Investigating Timber Sheet Materials with Robotic Fabrication
Authors:   , Cheng Celine 
Published: December 2021

<p>Timber sheet materials have been used in the same manner for decades despite having a vital role in the construction industry. This often results in indistinguishable surfaces with no identity. The research developed in this thesis is the creation of a workflow to create a self-supporting structure from sheet materials using robotic fabrication and computational tools. Timber sheet materials is the key focus for this research, as timber is a material that can be altered in a variety of ways. Japanese timber connections were a strong influence for this research, due to its prolonged life span and sustainable advantages. In the past, timber fabrication techniques have been limited due to design limitations. Current technology, specifically parametric software combined with the robotic arm was explored to find how it can create timber connections to connect sheet materials at different angles. This method was utilised to repurpose the concept of sheet materials towards a complex structure, which adopted the idea of mass customisation over mass production. Prototypes of timber connections were created to develop an outcome that will structurally support itself. The outcome of each prototype was evaluated and compared with one another to establish which connection would be most suited to bring forward to the self-supporting structure. Computational simulations were used to explore individual structures which created panels that were automatically flattened in the software. This allowed the digital file to be transferred to the robotic arm to be milled. Using the robotic arm was an advantage, as it can rotate around six-axis giving multiple degrees of design freedom which broadened the range of construction techniques that can be used with sheet materials. There is a high chance of human error with manual labour, therefore precision is a positive attribute of the robotic arm. The precision helped minimise waste compared to manual labour. This thesis presented an opportunity for the design/construction industry to adopt a new workflow to bring leading-edge technology to focus on sustainable materials and to steer away from the repetitions evident in buildings today.</p>
Editorial
Authors: Yánez Balarezo Samuel 
Published: December 2021

EDITORIAL
El presente dossier pretende analizar el modelo de comunicación en el que los interlocutores no están presentes físicamente, en el mismo lugar y/o momento, lo que hace que el proceso de comunicación cambie sustancialmente. No podemos dejar de lado las ventajas que estas nuevas formas de comunicarnos nos ofrecen, sin embargo debemos salvaguardar la humanidad de este acto.
Los avances tecnológicos en el área de las comunicaciones han acelerado el desarrollo de nuevos medios y la migración de los tradicionales a internet. Estos dan origen a los cibermedios que constituyen una situación comunicativa diferente a la de los sistemas tradicionales al incorporar la interactividad.
La expansión de las redes sociales y la tecnología móvil en la que los usuarios alcanzan todo el protagonismo tanto de productores como de consumidores, hace que se generan diálogos e intercambios dentro de la sociedad civil al margen de las grandes empresas mediáticas.
Estos cibermedios generan nuevos perfiles profesionales que han prendido la alerta en el campo de la legislación y la tributación, pero también han ampliado las brechas sociales en especial en los países menos desarrollados.
La Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad UTE tiene el agrado de presentar la Edición n.º 17 de Tsafiqui, Revista Científica en Ciencias Sociales. En este número el “Nuevas formas de comunicación.”
En esta edición Tsafiqui Revista Científica en Ciencias Sociales cuenta con la participación de la empresa Tikinauta junto con su director José Rivera, Phd. Y de Albertina Navas, PhD. quiénes aportaron desde su experiencia en el desarrollo de la temática de la presente edición.
El primer artículo analiza el uso de la red social TikTok por parte del candidato conservador Guillermo Lasso en su campaña presidencial. El siguiente manuscrito estudia a Puruwa TV y su contenido intercultural emitido durante el año 2020 en medio de la crisis sanitaria, social y económica de Ecuador, a través de la transversalidad que caracteriza a la interculturalidad en la cultura, salud, política, educación y ambiente. El tercer trabajo explora las experiencias más representativas realizadas en los últimos años por la agencia de comunicación española Omnicom PR Group. El siguiente envío revisa los efectos en las relaciones entre docentes y estudiantes a partir de sus prácticas comunicativas en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Como apertura a la sección Mosaico, se explora la trascendencia y liderazgo de la mujer en la política ecuatoriana, luego se analiza el Acoso escolar y estrategias de prevención en educación básica y nivel medio buscando las alternativas de solución. El último artículo aborda el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico a través de la lectura.
Naïve Bayes for Detecting Student’s Learning Style Using Felder-Silverman Index
Authors: Hidayat Nurul , Afuan Lasmedi 
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on detecting student learning styles using the Felder-Silverman Index Learning Style (FSLM). Providing Adaptivity based on learning styles can support students and make the learning process easier for them. However, the student learning styles need to be identified and understood to provide the appropriate adaptability. In this case, we use a questionnaire instrument to detect student’s learning styles. This paper analyses of students from Professional Education Teacher (PPG) at the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (Kemenristek DIKTI). The results show that 1998 students who filled out the questionnaire obtained the following conclusions for each zone with a balanced learning style about 29.9% for dimension processing, 34.78% for input dimension, and 36.98% for understanding dimension. However, most students have a moderate sensing learning style with 31.13% for each zone for the dimension of perception. This research contributes to some areas, such as providing FSLSM learning style with a large dataset and capturing students' learning styles based on four dimensions.