bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial hardship is associated with increased weight gain: what is the role of health behaviors? (811.25)
Authors: Conklin Annalijn , Forouhi Nita , Brunner Eric , Monsivais Pablo 
Published: June 2021

Weight status is strongly patterned by socioeconomic status (SES), but financial hardship may also separately influence weight. We aimed to examine the independent associations between financial hardship and 10‐year weight gain, and explore health behaviors as potential mechanisms, in British employees (n=3638). Self‐reported financial hardship (having difficulty paying bills and insufficient money for food/clothing) was assessed four times from 1985 to 1997 and weight measured twice (1985; 1997). During follow‐up, 2520 people gained 蠅5 kg, with a dose‐response to financial hardship in women only. Compared with no history of insufficient money for food/clothing, women reporting cumulative exposure had a 35% greater odds of gaining 蠅5 kg (1.00‐1.82) which increased after SES adjustment (OR 1.40; 1.01‐1.93). Change in smoking or marital status met mediation criteria, but only marital status altered women’s odds of weight gain from cumulative exposure to insufficient money (OR 1.54; 1.11‐2.14) or to difficulty paying bills (OR 1.44; 1.01‐2.06). Financial hardship was significantly independently related to subsequent weight gain in female British employees. One health behavior was a potential mediator but did not attenuate observed associations. Results suggest strategies to tackle obesity must address women’s current economic concerns which may influence weight through more biological pathways.Grant Funding Source: US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute R01HL036310; US National Institute on Aging R01AG01319
Use of a phone application to assess food safety practices at farmer’s markets (813.6)
Authors: Vandeputte Elizabeth , Pivarnik Lori , Scheinberg Joshua , Machado Robson , Cutter Catherine , Lofgren Ingrid 
Published: June 2021

Traditional use of direct observation (DO) includes written records or audiovisual devices. These overt methods can cause artificial behavior change due to being observed (Hawthorne Effect (HE)) and results can be biased and less valid. A recent tool developed to perform DO is a smartphone application (PA) which allows researchers to collect data without intrusion while decreasing HE bias. A PA can be used to collect food safety behavior data to determine actual practices and which best practices need reinforcement. As consumers want fresh local produce, farmers markets (FM) are more popular and numbers have increased nationally. Using a PA for DO of food safety behaviors at FM can provide an accurate assessment of food safety handling practices by produce vendors. A PA was developed to assess food safety behaviors at FM during the summer of 2013. Assessment questions were developed, reviewed, entered online and uploaded in the PA technology. Twenty‐six produce vendors were observed at 14 FM for a mean of 18.3 ± 5.8 minutes. Six markets had <4 and 8 had 蠅4 vendors. The 5 most observed products were tomatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, peppers, and lettuce. Common observed practices that impact produce food safety included eating, talking on the phone, and touching money and then touching produce. Future research using PA could determine gaps in behaviors that will be used in the development of food safety training for FM vendors.Grant Funding Source: Supported by URI/AES, Regional Project S‐1056
Obesity‐prone female Ossabaw pigs are protected against western diet‐induced adipose tissue inflammation and immune cell infiltration (815.2)
Authors: Scroggins Rebecca , Padilla Jaume , Welly Rebecca , Jackson Daniel , Smith Thomas , Vieira‐Potter Victoria , Rector R. 
Published: June 2021

Although aggressive research strides have been made to better understand the relationships between adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and metabolic disease, the vast majority of work has been done using rodents. The pig more closely models the human and thus is emerging as an attractive obesity model. Macrophage (Mφ) and T cell infiltration into visceral AT (VAT) is predictive of metabolic dysfunction in rodents, but the relationship between VAT inflammation and metabolic function in the pig is not clear. We investigated how 9 months western diet (WD; high fat, high fructose corn syrup, high cholesterol)‐ feeding post‐weaning affects VAT Mφ and T‐cell infiltration (FACS) and inflammatory gene expression (rtPCR) in young female Ossabaw pigs. Compared to normal chow (CON, n=4), WD‐fed pigs (WD, n=4) were ~3X heavier (100 v. 37 kg, p<0.001), 45% fatter (42 v. 29% body fat, p<0.001), and considered diabetic based on FPG (308±48 v. 121±10 mg/dL, p <0.001) compared to CON. WD also had higher fasting total‐Cholesterol, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, NEFAs and TGs (all p<0.001). Remarkably, despite severe hyperglycemia and larger adipocytes (14980 ± 982 v. 7344±815 µm2, p<0.001), WD did not exhibit VAT Mφ or T cell infiltration, verified by lack of between‐group mRNA differences in ~ 20 inflammatory markers including CD3, CD8, CD68 (all p>0.05). In contrast to other models, young female Ossabaw swine appear to be protected from WD‐induced increases in VAT inflammation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Missouri Mizzou Advantage (R.S.R.), VA‐CDA‐1299‐02 (salary support to R.S
Effects of glutamate and GABA extracts from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) on the inflammation related to obesity in high‐fat diet model (815.4)
Authors: Ko Seok‐Chun , Park Hye‐Jin , Lee Bae‐Jin , Park Young‐In , Lee Myoungsook 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with the chronic inflammation in adipose tissue characterized by the infiltrated and accumulated macrophages releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In order to investigate the effect of 7% glutamate (ST‐7) and 5% GABA (ST‐5) extracts from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) on anti‐obese associated with anti‐inflammation, high fat diet‐induced obese (DIO) model were used. The ST‐7 extract was extracted from Sea tangle with hot water and ST‐7 extract was fermented to produce ST‐5 extract using L. brevis BJ20. DIO model based C57BL/6J mice fed high‐fat diet (HF, 60 kcal%) for 10 weeks and ST‐7 and ST‐5 extracts (300 mg/kg, n=8) were administered for 12 weeks after DIO induced. ST‐7 and ST‐5 extracts suppressed secretion of the pro‐inflammatory markers such as TNF‐α and IL‐6 compared to HF group, but IL‐10 level as anti‐inflammation marker was increased in plasma. ST‐7 extract significantly decreased weight of total white adipose tissue, but ST‐5 extract was no change. Moreover, ST‐7 extract markedly suppressed the protein expression of the key adipocytes transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα in adipose tissue, otherwise, ST‐5 extract did not have PPARγ and C/EBPα suppressive effect. These results suggested that ST‐7 and ST‐5 extracts from sea tangle have different effects on animal model of inflammation related to obesity.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by Technology Commercialization Support Program (811003032SU000), Minist
Gastrointestinal morphology, tight junction gene expression, and microbiota of the Ossabaw obese pig model (816.1)
Authors: Ahamed Kathryn , Holscher Hannah , Kil Dong Yong , Newell‐Fugate Anne , Krisher Rebecca , Swanson Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammation, with reduced gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function hypothesized to be a contributing factor. Animal models are invaluable for understanding disease pathophysiology, with porcine models offering several advantages over rodents, including anatomical similarities to humans. A pilot study was undertaken to characterize GI differences in obese Ossabaw pigs vs. lean controls. Ossabaw gilts (n=8) were fed a high‐fat, high‐sugar diet ad libitum until 12 months of age and compared to lean Yorkshire controls (n=9). Plasma inflammatory markers (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and LPS‐binding protein) and intestinal morphology, tight junction protein gene expression, and mucosal microbiota populations were assessed. Preliminary results indicate that LPS‐binding protein concentrations tended to be greater (P=0.08) in obese vs. lean pigs (6233 vs.3802 µg/L). Blood TNF‐α concentrations were numerically, but not significantly increased in obese vs. lean pigs (39 vs. 29 ng/L; P=0.24). Obese pigs had greater (P=0.03) cecal crypt depth (494 vs. 430 µm) and tended to have greater (P=0.09) ileal villus height (477 vs. 400 µm) compared to lean controls. Our findings suggest a correlation between GI architecture, systemic inflammation, and obesity in high‐fat, high‐sugar fed Ossabaw pigs, supporting its use as a model of human obesity and metabolic syndrome.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Hatch #ILLU‐538‐384
Estrogen plays an important role in intestinal calcium transport (816.5)
Authors: Tokuno Yuko , Zhao Yitong , Johnson Sarah , Pourafshar Shirin , Arjmandi Bahram 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the presence of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the small and large intestines between ovariectomized and sham‐operated rats via immunocytochemistry; and to investigate the role of estrogen in calcium uptake in the duodenum. Methods: Twelve 12‐week old female Sprague‐Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (Ovx; n=6) or sham‐operated (Sham; n=6) and sacrificed three weeks later. Segments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine (cecum) were removed for immunocytochemistry analysis. Duodenal cells were harvested for measurement of calcium transport. Results: Both Ovx and Sham groups were found to have ERβ immunoreactivity in all segments of the intestine although the extent was greater in the Sham group when compared to the Ovx group. The presence of ERβ was more pronounced in the duodenum than the jejunum, ileum, or cecum. The rates of calcium uptake in the Sham group were significantly (P = 0.028) greater compared to the Ovx group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that estrogen is essential for the regulation of duodenal calcium absorption and that menopause is associated with a decline in calcium absorption which may play a role in postmenopausal bone loss.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Jumonji University and Collage of Human Sciences, Florida State University
Genome‐wide DNA methylation in whole blood and CD16+ cells in response to chronic folic acid supplementation in women of child‐bearing age (817.1)
Authors: Shade Deanna , Park Hea Jin , Hausman Dorothy , Hohos Natalie , Meagher Richard , Kauwell Gail , Smith Alicia , Bailey Lynn 
Published: June 2021

Folate is a key source of one‐carbon groups for DNA methylation; but studies on DNA methylation response to folic acid (FA) supplementation show inconsistent results. We hypothesize that measuring DNA methylation in whole blood (WB), which contains a mixture of distinct leukocyte cell types, may have confounded the results of previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to determine if a single cell type could serve as a more reliable epigenetic reporter. The study was performed in normal weight (BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2) women (18 – 35 y; n = 12), with blood samples taken before and after eight weeks of supplementation with 800 ug/day of FA. CD16+ cells (CD16) were isolated using antibody‐bound magnetic beads. DNA methylation patterns from WB and CD16 cells were measured across >485,000 CpG sites using the Infinium Human Methylation450 Bead Chip. For each CpG site, the proportion of DNA methylation that changed over the 8 week intervention was evaluated by fitting a separate linear model. Genome‐wide analysis indicated changes in 7887 vs. 8482 CpG sites in response to supplementation in WB and CD16, respectively; with DNA methylation decreased in 77.2% (WB) or 66.3% (CD16) of these sites. Results suggest that there are differences in methylation response in WB and CD16 after FA supplementation. The implication of these methylation differences are being explored in our on‐going gene enrichment analyses.Grant Funding Source: Funded in part by HATCH #GEO00706, #GEO00707 and the Obesity Initiative at the University of Georgia
TETs are involved in adipogenic differentiation via Hif‐1a mediated regulation of Pparg (817.5)
Authors: Yoo Yeongran , Park Yoon Jung 
Published: June 2021

TET proteins are a‐Ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylases, which convert 5‐methylcytosine to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA. They have been described as key modulators for DNA methylation pattern in locus‐specific and genome‐wide levels. In this study, we showed that the role of TET during 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation in vitro. We found that the Tet1 and Tet2 were induced in 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation, and this pattern paralleled that of other adipogenic gene markers like Pparg and Glut4. RNA‐interference suppression of Tet1 in 3T3‐L1 cells interfered the adipocyte differentiation by downregulating Pparg gene expression, a master regulator for adipoctye specific genes. Furthermore, the depletion of Tet1 led to the elevation of Hif‐1a gene expression, which is a transcription factor for hypoxia regulated genes that has been shown to block adipogenesis by transcriptional inhibition of Pparg. Intriguingly, Hif‐1a has a binding site for both Tet1 and Tet2 in its promoter, suggesting that TETs are possible transcriptional regulators of Hif‐1a. The results demonstrated that TETs, a‐Ketoglutarate‐dependent epigenetic modulator, are involved in adipogenic differentiation via Hif1‐a‐mediated regulation of Pparg.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Korean National Research Foundation of Korea(22A20130012143)
An interaction effect between glucokinase gene variation and carbohydrate intakes modulate the plasma triglyceride response to a fish oil supplementation (818.3)
Authors: Bouchard‐Mercier Annie , Rudkowska Iwona , Lemieux Simone , Couture Patrick , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

A large inter‐individual variability in the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to fish oil consumption has been observed. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within glucokinase (GCK) gene has been associated with TG concentrations. Objective: To investigate the gene‐diet interaction effects between SNPs within GCK gene and dietary carbohydrate intakes on the plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation. Methods: Two hundred and eight participants were recruited in the greater Quebec City area and completed a 6‐week fish oil supplementation (5g fish oil/day: 1.9‐2.2g EPA and 1.1g DHA). Thirteen SNPs within GCK gene were genotyped using TAQMAN methodology. Results: A gene‐diet interaction effect on the plasma TG response was observed between rs741038 and carbohydrate intake when age, sex and BMI were included in the model (p=0.008). In order to compare the plasma TG response between genotypes, participants were divided according to median carbohydrate intakes. Homozygotes of the minor C allele of rs741038 with carbohydrate intakes >48.6% had a greater decrease in their plasma TG concentrations than homozygotes C/C with carbohydrate intakes 蠄48.6% (p=0.002) and also than the other genotypes either with high or low CARB. Conclusion: The plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation may be modulated by gene‐diet interaction effects involving GCK gene and carbohydrate intakes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CIHR ‐ (MOP229488)
Creatine supplementation to total parenteral nutrition increases muscle and organ creatine and lowers liver cholesterol in Yucatan miniature piglets (820.17)
Authors: Dinesh O , Bertolo Robert , Brunton Janet 
Published: June 2021

In TPN‐fed pigs, we previously demonstrated that tissue creatine concentrations were proportionate to the IV arginine intake, suggesting that arginine availability limited creatine synthesis. TPN is devoid of creatine, so the requirement must be met entirely by de novo synthesis requiring arginine, glycine and methionine as a methyl donor. L‐arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) converts arginine and glycine into guanidinoacetic acid (GAA); GAA is methylated via Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) to form creatine. The addition of creatine to TPN may spare arginine and methionine for protein synthesis and other metabolic processes. Piglets (3‐5 d old, N = 14) were fed complete TPN with (CRE, 0.1 g/kg/d) or without creatine (CON) for 14 d. The CRE group had lower kidney and pancreas AGAT activity and lower plasma GAA concentration (P < 0.01) demonstrating a down‐regulation of creatine biosynthesis. CRE pigs also had greater creatine in plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas (P < 0.01). Total creatine in muscle was also higher in CRE (P = 0.05); however, brain creatine was not affected by treatment. There was no difference in liver weight or triglyceride concentration, but total liver cholesterol was ~50% lower in the CRE piglets compared to CON (P < 0.01). Altered lipid metabolism suggests that creatine may have a role in ameliorating TPN‐induced liver damage. The neonatal brain appears to have priority for creatine when supply is limited, but the addition of creatine to TPN may be necessary to support total body creatine accretion in rapidly growing neonates.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Janeway
Evaluating the effect of 20‐hydroxyecdysone on leucine signaling in the skeletal muscle and liver of male rats (820.7)
Authors: Anthony Tracy , Mirek Emily , DeOliveira Christopher , Bargoud Albert , Marella Dean , Phillipson‐Weiner Lindsey , Graf Brittany , She Pengxiang , Kuhn Peter , Wilson Gabriel , Raskin Ilya 
Published: June 2021

Phytoecdysteroids such as 20HE are ingredients in various nutritional supplements marketed to enhance physical performance and lean body mass. Recent in vitro studies suggest 20HE may activate protein synthesis via a phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase‐Akt signaling mechanism. To confirm these findings in vivo and evaluate downstream activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, overnight fasted 4‐6 week old male rats (n=5‐6 per group) were randomized to one of three study designs: 1) gavaged with 0, 10, 50, 200 mg/kg 20HE and euthanized 30 min post‐gavage; 2) gavaged with 200 mg/kg 20HE or excipient and euthanized at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min post‐gavage, and 3) administered excipient or 200 mg/kg 20HE alone or in combination with 1.35 g/kg L‐leucine and euthanized 30 min post‐gavage. Independent evaluation of 20HE confirmed purity as reported by Sigma before solubilization in 3% DMSO or 70% Labrasol® as excipient. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and Ser473, mTOR at Ser2448, ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) at Thr389, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) at Thr 37/46 were evaluated by immunoblot. Leucine administered in 3% DMSO or Labrasol robustly increased phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4E‐BP1 but not Akt in muscle and liver. In contrast, at all doses and times, 20HE did not significantly increase phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, S6K1 or 4E‐BP1 as compared to excipient controls. Furthermore, 20HE dampened mTORC1 signaling by leucine in both muscle and liver. These data do not support the idea that anabolic effects of 20HE are acutely mediated by mTORC1.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NJAES and USDA Multistate NC1184
Effects of a 7‐day military training exercise on whole‐body protein turnover: an observation of military‐specific protein requirements (820.9)
Authors: Pasiakos Stefan , Murphy Nancy , Margolis Lee , Gundersen Yngvar , Martini Svein , Montain Scott , Young Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Physically intense military training may diminish whole‐body protein retention and increase dietary protein requirements. This study characterized the effects of military training on whole‐body protein turnover in 21 Soldiers participating in a 7‐day winter training exercise that culminated in a 3‐day, 54 km ski march. Energy expenditure was assessed during training using doubly labeled water (D218O), and protein turnover, synthesis, breakdown, and net balance were measured at baseline (BL), day 4 (PRE, prior to the ski march), and day 7 (POST, following the ski march) using 15N‐glycine. Energy (kcal·d‐1) intake increased (P < 0.05) PRE ([mean ± SD] 3115 ± 437) to POST (3415 ± 977), while protein (g·kg‐1·d‐1) intake remained constant (PRE, 1.6 ± 0.4; and POST, 1.7 ± 0.5). Although energy expenditure (kcal·d‐1) increased (P < 0.05) PRE (5171 ± 485) to POST (7190 ± 600), turnover remained steady during training (group mean ± SD, 1.4 ± 0.3 g·N‐1·kg‐1·d‐1). Synthesis and breakdown were not influenced (P > 0.05) by training. Net balance (g·kg‐1·d‐1) was maintained, as levels were similar (P > 0.05) between BL (0.04 ± 0.3), PRE (0.01 ± 0.5), and POST (‐0.4 ± 1.0). Despite high energy expenditure and resultant energy deficit, whole‐body protein was conserved. These data suggest that protein requirements during short‐term, metabolically demanding military training are likely twice the recommended dietary allowance.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USAMRMC and FFI
Brain docosahexaenoic acid accretion is greater when supplied as phosphatidylcholine than as triacylglycerol in piglets (821.11)
Authors: Liu Lei , Bartke Nana , Van Daele Hans , Lawrence Peter , Qin Xia , Park Hui , Kothapalli Kumar , Windust Anthony , Wang Zhe , Brenna J. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n‐3 PUFA in the brain. Preformed DHA is more efficacious for brain DHA accretion than precursors, but the relative efficacy of DHA bound to phospholipid (PC) and/or triacylglycerol (TAG) has not been measured yet. Our aim was to determine the relative efficacy of DHA when provided in formula to the growing piglet as a dose of 13C‐DHA bound to the sn‐2 positions of either PC or TAG.Methods. Piglets (n=8 per group) were assigned to two identical formula diets from day 3 of life and provided with a single oral dose of TAG‐13C‐DHA or PC‐13C‐DHA at 16 days of life. At day 23, selected piglet organs were analyzed for 13C‐DHA and other fatty acid metabolites.Results. The PC‐13C‐DHA was 1.9‐fold greater in brain gray matter than TAG‐13C‐DHA, and was similarly more efficacious in synaptosomes, retina, liver, and RBC. Liver labeling was by far the greatest implying initial processing in that organ followed by export to other organs, and in turn that transfer from gut to bloodstream to liver in part drove the relative efficacy for tissue accretion. Apparent retroconversion to 22:5n‐3 was more than 2‐fold greater for PC and was much more prominent in neural tissue than in liver or RBC.Conclusions. These data directly support greater efficacy for PC as a carrier for LCPUFA compared to TAG, consistent with previous studies of arachidonic acid and DHA measured in other species.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH R01 AT007003
Association between glucose fructose oxido‐reductase domain containing 2 (GFOD2, rs12449157) polymorphism and blood lipids in hypercholesterolemic Mexican subjects (821.4)
Authors: Flores Adriana , Guevara Martha , Castaño‐Jameson Marisol , Vazquez Natalia , Ayala Brenda , Medina Isabel , Orozco Ximena , Jimenez Edith , Jimenez Edith , Aguilar Miriam , Estrada Isabela , Tovar Armando , Torres Nimbe 
Published: June 2021

It has been demonstrated that almost 28% of the Mexican population presents the GFOD2 SNP rs12449157 that is associated with lipids. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of this SNP and biochemical parameters in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. We studied 696 Mexican subjects (139 men, 557 women). The number of participants with hypercholesterolemia was 271, from these, 94 subjects (33%) had the GFOD2 SNP. Interestingly, subjects with hypercholesterolemia and the G allele showed lower serum HDL‐C concentration than those with the common allele (p<0.008), higher total cholesterol and higher LDL‐C than the common allele group (p<0.0001). Also, increase in dietary intake of lipids in subjects with the G allele shows higher levels of LDL cholesterol. Thus, the presence of this polymorphism increase the risk to present cardiovascular disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Medix (to NT) and , CONACYT 181685 (to MG)