bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of human-origin Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in improving muscle mass, exercise performance and anti-fatigue
Authors: Lee Mon-Chien , Hsu Yi-Ju , Ho Hsieh‐Hsun , Kuo Yi‐Wei , Lin Wen-Yang , Tsai Shin-Yu , Chen Wei-Ling , Lin Che-Li , Huang Chi-Chang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGut microbiota is very important for energy metabolism and regulation, which in turn affect the health and physiological functions of the host, and provide energy required for exercise. Supplementation with probiotics may be one of the ways to change the gut microbiota. In recent years, many studies have shown that probiotic supplementation can effectively improve sports performance. In this study, we screened Lactobacillus plantarum (PL-02), a probiotic of human-origin, from the intestines of 2008 Olympic women's 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist and explored the role of PL-02 in improved exercise endurance performance, reduced fatigue biochemical parameters, and changes in body composition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109 and 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day groups and were fed by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that 4 weeks of PL-02 supplementation could significantly increase muscle mass, muscle strength and endurance performance, and hepatic and muscular glycogen storage. Furthermore, PL-02 could significantly decrease lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise (p < 0.05). We believe that PL-02 can be used as a supplement to improve exercise performance and for its anti-fatigue effect.
Remdesivir is efficacious in rhesus monkeys exposed to aerosolized Ebola virus
Authors: Warren Travis K. , Kane Christopher D. , Wells Jay , Stuthman Kelly S. , Van Tongeren Sean A. , Garza Nicole L. , Donnelly Ginger , Steffens Jesse , Gomba Laura , Weidner Jessica M. , Norris Sarah , Zeng Xiankun , Bannister Roy , Cihlar Tomas , Bavari Sina , Porter Danielle P. , Iversen Patrick L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficacious therapeutics for Ebola virus disease are in great demand. Ebola virus infections mediated by mucosal exposure, and aerosolization in particular, present a novel challenge due to nontypical massive early infection of respiratory lymphoid tissues. We performed a randomized and blinded study to compare outcomes from vehicle-treated and remdesivir-treated rhesus monkeys in a lethal model of infection resulting from aerosolized Ebola virus exposure. Remdesivir treatment initiated 4 days after exposure was associated with a significant survival benefit, significant reduction in serum viral titer, and improvements in clinical pathology biomarker levels and lung histology compared to vehicle treatment. These observations indicate that remdesivir may have value in countering aerosol-induced Ebola virus disease.
Low-spin ferric iron in primordial bridgmanite crystallized from a deep magma ocean
Authors: Okuda Yoshiyuki , Ohta Kenji , Nishihara Yu , Hirao Naohisa , Wakamatsu Tatsuya , Suehiro Sho , Kawaguchi Saori I. , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe crystallization of the magma ocean resulted in the present layered structure of the Earth’s mantle. An open question is the electronic spin state of iron in bridgmanite (the most abundant mineral on Earth) crystallized from a deep magma ocean, which has been neglected in the crystallization history of the entire magma ocean. Here, we performed energy-domain synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements on two bridgmanite samples synthesized at different pressures using the same starting material (Mg0.78Fe0.13Al0.11Si0.94O3). The obtained Mössbauer spectra showed no evidence of low-spin ferric iron (Fe3+) from the bridgmanite sample synthesized at relatively low pressure of 25 gigapascals, while that directly synthesized at a higher pressure of 80 gigapascals contained a relatively large amount. This difference ought to derive from the large kinetic barrier of Fe3+ rearranging from pseudo-dodecahedral to octahedral sites with the high-spin to low-spin transition in experiments. Our results indicate a certain amount of low-spin Fe3+ in the lower mantle bridgmanite crystallized from an ancient magma ocean. We therefore conclude that primordial bridgmanite with low-spin Fe3+ dominated the deeper part of an ancient lower mantle, which would contribute to lower mantle heterogeneity preservation and call for modification of the terrestrial mantle thermal evolution scenarios.
Hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation of herring filleting co-products during ensilaging and its inhibition by pre-incubation in antioxidant solutions
Authors: Sajib Mursalin , Wu Haizhou , Fristedt Rikard , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the role of hemoglobin (Hb) in lipid oxidation development during ensilaging of herring filleting co-products, and, to inhibit this reaction by pre-incubating the co-products in water or physiological salt, with/without different antioxidants. Results showed that both peroxide value (PV) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) gradually increased during 7 days of ensilaging at 22 °C in absence of antioxidants. The increase in TBARS was proportional to the Hb levels present, while PV was less affected. A Hb-fortified Tris-buffer model system adjusted to pH 3.50 confirmed that Hb changed immediately from its native oxyHb to the metHb state, which facilitated heme group release and thus probably explains the increased PV and TBARS during ensilaging. Pre-incubating the co-products for 30 s in a solution containing 0.5% rosemary extract was the most promising strategy to inhibit lipid oxidation both in the co-products during pre-processing storage and during the actual ensilaging. The solution could be re-used up to ten times without losing its activity, illustrating that this methodology can be a scalable and cost-effective strategy to extend the oxidative stability of herring co-products allowing for further value adding e.g., into a high-quality silage.
Powerful use of automated prioritization of candidate variants in genetic hearing loss with extreme etiologic heterogeneity
Authors: Kim So Young , Lee Seungmin , Seo Go Hun , Kim Bong Jik , Oh Doo Yi , Han Jin Hee , Park Moo Kyun , Lee So min , Kim Bonggi , Yi Nayoung , Kim Namju Justin , Koh Doo Hyun , Hwang Sohyun , Keum Changwon , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVariant prioritization of exome sequencing (ES) data for molecular diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with extreme etiologic heterogeneity poses a significant challenge. This study used an automated variant prioritization system (“EVIDENCE”) to analyze SNHL patient data and assess its diagnostic accuracy. We performed ES of 263 probands manifesting mild to moderate or higher degrees of SNHL. Candidate variants were classified according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics guidelines, and we compared the accuracy, call rates, and efficiency of variant prioritizations performed manually by humans or using EVIDENCE. In our in silico panel, 21 synthetic cases were successfully analyzed by EVIDENCE. In our cohort, the ES diagnostic yield for SNHL by manual analysis was 50.19% (132/263) and 50.95% (134/263) by EVIDENCE. EVIDENCE processed ES data 24-fold faster than humans, and the concordant call rate between humans and EVIDENCE was 97.72% (257/263). Additionally, EVIDENCE outperformed human accuracy, especially at discovering causative variants of rare syndromic deafness, whereas flexible interpretations that required predefined specific genotype–phenotype correlations were possible only by manual prioritization. The automated variant prioritization system remarkably facilitated the molecular diagnosis of hearing loss with high accuracy and efficiency, fostering the popularization of molecular genetic diagnosis of SNHL.
Defining the Gothic Arch Angle (GAA) as a radiographic diagnostic tool for instability in hip dysplasia
Authors: Zimmerer A. , Löchel J. , Schoon J. , Janz V. , Wassilew G. I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a controversial discussion about whether borderline dysplastic hips should be treated with an arthroscopic procedure or rather with an acetabular reorientation. New research suggests that a classification into stable and unstable hips may be helpful. The aim of the study was to validate (1) the intra- and interobserver reliability of a newly defined radiographic parameter named the Gothic Arch Angle, (2) the association between the GAA and previously existing measurements used to define severity of acetabular dysplasia, and (3) the correlation between radiographic measurements of acetabular dysplasia with MRI findings previously suggestive of hip instability. We defined and validated the GAA in 10 standardized radiographs of asymptomatic hips by two observers and calculated intra- and interobserver coefficients at two individual dates. Subsequently, a consecutive series of 100 patients with dysplastic hips (LCEA < 25°, Toennis grade ≤ 1) were evaluated for signs of instability on anteroposterior (a.p.) pelvic radiographs and direct MR arthrography and were divided in two groups: stable and unstable. In these patients the LCEA, the AI, the FEAR index and the GAA were radiographically evaluated. Correlation analyses and a logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictive value of instability for each radiographic parameter. Cutoff probabilities analysis was performed using standard receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to rate the predictive efficiency value of the GAA. The GAA showed excellent inter- and intraobserver reliability. A correlation was found between GAA and FEAR index. A logistic regression analysis showed that LCEA, FEAR index and GAA are distinct predictors of instability in hip dysplasia. The GAA showed the largest area under the curve (AUC 0.96), indicating it to be the best predictor of instability with an optimal cutoff value of 90° (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.93). The GAA is a new available indicator for instability and is thus suggested to be used as a future radiographic parameter for the stability of dysplastic hips. Further studies are needed to understand how this parameter might additionally predict clinical outcome in the treatment of hip dysplasia.Level of evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.
A novel flow-based geometrical upscaling method for representing fault zones with two-phase fault rock properties into a dynamic reservoir model
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Manzocchi Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFaults are generally represented in conventional upscaled models as 2D planar surfaces with transmissibility multipliers used to represent single-phase fault properties. However, faults are structurally complex 3D zones in which both single-phase and two-phase fault rock properties can be significant. Ignoring this structural and petrophysical complexity within faults may impart considerable inaccuracy on the predictive performance of upscaled models. This study has developed a two-phase flow-based geometrical upscaling method capable of representing simultaneously the complex geometry and saturation-dependent two-phase flow properties of realistic fault zones. In this approach, high-resolution sector models are built of small portions of the fault zones and assigned appropriate single-phase and two-phase fault rock properties. Steady state two-phase flow simulations at different fractional flows of oil and water are used to determine the saturation dependent upscaled pseudo relative permeability functions which are incorporated into upscaled models. The method is applied to an example model containing two 3D fault zone components and tested by comparing the flow results of upscaled model with those of a high-resolution truth model. Results show that two-phase flow-based geometrical upscaling is a promising method for representing the effects of two-phase fault rock properties and complex 3D fault zone structure simultaneously.
Dopaminergic dysfunction in the 3xTg-AD mice model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gloria Yesica , Ceyzériat Kelly , Tsartsalis Stergios , Millet Philippe , Tournier Benjamin B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles accumulation, accompanied by neuroinflammation. With all the therapeutic attempts targeting these biomarkers having been unsuccessful, the understanding of early mechanisms involved in the pathology is of paramount importance. Dopaminergic system involvement in AD has been suggested, particularly through the appearance of dopaminergic dysfunction-related neuropsychiatric symptoms and an overall worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms. In this study, we reported an early dopaminergic dysfunction in a mouse model presenting both amyloid and Tau pathology. 3xTg-AD mice showed an increase of postsynaptic D2/3R receptors density in the striatum and D2/3-autoreceptors in SN/VTA cell bodies. Functionally, a reduction of anxiety-like behavior, an increase in locomotor activity and D2R hyper-sensitivity to quinpirole stimulation have been observed. In addition, microglial cells in the striatum showed an early inflammatory response, suggesting its participation in dopaminergic alterations. These events are observed at an age when tau accumulation and Aβ deposits in the hippocampus are low. Thus, our results suggest that early dopaminergic dysfunction could have consequences in behavior and cognitive function, and may shed light on future therapeutic pathways of AD.
Optimized design for illusion device by genetic algorithm
Authors: Yu Zhenzhong , Yang Zhong , Zhang Yan , Wang Yizhi , Hu Xingliu , Tian Xiaomin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe illusion device developed from the scattering cancellation employs very simple homogeneous and isotropic materials, but this device is only valid for electrically small objects. In this paper, we prove that the illusion device optimized by genetic algorithm can be applied to large-scale occasions. For an electrically small target, an optimized core–shell illusion device can achieve better illusion effect than the analytical design based on the scattering cancellation. With the increase of the device size, the ability of the single-layered shell to manipulate the scattering is very limited. For a moderate-size target, two optimized multi-layered examples are presented: one is to make a dielectric cylinder appear as another dielectric target, and the other is to make a conducting cylinder behave like a double-negative-material target. The full-wave simulations are carried out to visualize the similar field distributions of the target and the optimized multi-layered design. This optimized design greatly widens the size application range of the illusion device and can also improve the illusion performance with simple material parameters.
Theoretical and experimental study of interaction of macroheterocyclic compounds with ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lebedeva Natalia Sh. , Gubarev Yury A. , Mamardashvili Galina M. , Zaitceva Svetlana V. , Zdanovich Sergey A. , Malyasova Alena S. , Romanenko Julia V. , Koifman Mikhail O. , Koifman Oskar I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pandemic infectious disease (Covid-19) caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) is spreading rapidly around the world. Covid-19 does an irreparable harm to the health and life of people. It also has a negative financial impact on the economies of most countries of the world. In this regard, the issue of creating drugs aimed at combating this disease is especially acute. In this work, molecular docking was used to study the docking of 23 compounds with QRF3a SARS-CoV2. The performed in silico modeling made it possible to identify leading compounds capable of exerting a potential inhibitory and virucidal effect. The leading compounds include chlorin (a drug used in PDT), iron(III)protoporphyrin (endogenous porphyrin), and tetraanthraquinone porphyrazine (an exogenous substance). Having taken into consideration the localization of ligands in the QRF3a SARS-CoV2, we have made an assumption about their influence on the pathogenesis of Covid-19. The interaction of chlorin, iron(III)protoporphyrin and protoporphyrin with the viral protein ORF3a were studied by fluorescence and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The obtained experimental results confirm the data of molecular docking. The results showed that a viral protein binds to endogenous porphyrins and chlorins, moreover, chlorin is a competitive ligand for endogenous porphyrins. Chlorin should be considered as a promising drug for repurposing.
Integrating molecular profiles into clinical frameworks through the Molecular Oncology Almanac to prospectively guide precision oncology
Authors: Reardon Brendan , Moore Nathanael D. , Moore Nicholas S. , Kofman Eric , AlDubayan Saud H. , Cheung Alexander T. M. , Conway Jake , Elmarakeby Haitham , Imamovic Alma , Kamran Sophia C. , Keenan Tanya , Keliher Daniel , Konieczkowski David J. , Liu David , Mouw Kent W. , Park Jihye , Vokes Natalie I. , Dietlein Felix , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTumor molecular profiling of single gene-variant (‘first-order’) genomic alterations informs potential therapeutic approaches. Interactions between such first-order events and global molecular features (for example, mutational signatures) are increasingly associated with clinical outcomes, but these ‘second-order’ alterations are not yet accounted for in clinical interpretation algorithms and knowledge bases. We introduce the Molecular Oncology Almanac (MOAlmanac), a paired clinical interpretation algorithm and knowledge base to enable integrative interpretation of multimodal genomic data for point-of-care decision making and translational-hypothesis generation. We benchmarked MOAlmanac to a first-order interpretation method across multiple retrospective cohorts and observed an increased number of clinical hypotheses from evaluation of molecular features and profile-to-cell line matchmaking. When applied to a prospective precision oncology trial cohort, MOAlmanac nominated a median of two therapies per patient and identified therapeutic strategies administered in 47% of patients. Overall, we present an open-source computational method for integrative clinical interpretation of individualized molecular profiles.
Multiple accelerated particle populations in the Cygnus Loop with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Tutone A. , Ballet J. , Acero F. , D’Aì A. , Cusumano G. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The Cygnus Loop (G74.0-8.5) is a very well-known nearby supernova remnant (SNR) in our Galaxy. Thanks to its large size, brightness, and angular offset from the Galactic plane, it has been studied in detail from radio to γ-ray emission. The γ-rays probe the populations of energetic particles and their acceleration mechanisms at low shock speeds.
Aims. We present an analysis of the γ-ray emission detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope over 11 yr in the region of the Cygnus Loop.
Methods. We performed detailed morphological and spectral studies of the γ-ray emission toward the remnant from 100 MeV to 100 GeV and compared it with X-ray, UV, optical, and radio images. The higher statistics with respect to the previous studies enabled us to decompose the emission from the remnant into two morphological components to model its nonthermal multiwavelength emission.
Results. The extended γ-ray emission is well correlated with the thermal X-ray and UV emission of the SNR. Our morphological analysis reveals that a model considering two contributions from the X-ray and the UV emission regions is the best description of the γ-ray data. Both components show a curved spectrum, but the X-ray component is softer and more curved than the UV component, suggesting a different physical origin. The multiwavelength modeling of emission toward the SNR suggests that the nonthermal radio and γ-ray emission associated with the UV component is mostly due to the reacceleration of preexisting cosmic rays by radiative shocks in the adjacent clouds, while the nonthermal emission associated with the X-ray component arises from freshly accelerated cosmic rays.
Mechanism, Functions, and Diagnostic Relevance of FXII Activation by Foreign Surfaces
Authors: Konrath Sandra , Mailer Reiner K. , Renné Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFactor XII (FXII) is a serine protease zymogen produced by hepatocytes and secreted into plasma. The highly glycosylated coagulation protein consists of six domains and a proline-rich region that regulate activation and function. Activation of FXII results from a conformational change induced by binding (“contact”) with negatively charged surfaces. The activated serine protease FXIIa drives both the proinflammatory kallikrein–kinin pathway and the procoagulant intrinsic coagulation cascade, respectively. Deficiency in FXII is associated with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) but not with an increased bleeding tendency. However, genetic or pharmacological deficiency impairs both arterial and venous thrombosis in experimental models. This review summarizes current knowledge of FXII structure, mechanisms of FXII contact activation, and the importance of FXII for diagnostic coagulation testing and thrombosis.
Intracellular ATP Signaling Contributes to FAM3A-Induced PDX1
Upregulation in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Yan Han , Chen Zhenzhen , Zhang Haizeng , Yang Weili , Liu Xiangyang , Meng Yuhong , Xiang Rui , Wu Zhe , Ye Jingjing , Chi Yujing , Yang Jichun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFAM3A is a recently identified mitochondrial protein that stimulates
pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) and insulin expressions by promoting ATP
release in islet β cells. In this study, the role of intracellular ATP
in FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells was further
examined. Acute FAM3A inhibition using siRNA transfection in mouse pancreatic
islets significantly reduced PDX1 expression, impaired insulin secretion, and
caused glucose intolerance in normal mice. In vitro, FAM3A overexpression
elevated both intracellular and extracellular ATP contents and promoted PDX1
expression and insulin secretion. FAM3A-induced increase in cellular calcium
(Ca2+) levels, PDX1 expression, and insulin secretion,
while these were significantly repressed by inhibitors of P2 receptors or the
L-type Ca2+ channels. FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression was
abolished by a calmodulin inhibitor. Likewise, FAM3A-induced β-cell
proliferation was also inhibited by a P2 receptor inhibitor and an L-type
Ca2+ channels inhibitor. Both intracellular and
extracellular ATP contributed to FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression, insulin
secretion, and proliferation of pancreatic β cells.