bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE DENSITY OF CCCM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SPECIFIC VOLUME ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
Authors: Hurin I. , Nevlyudov I. , Ovcharenko V. , Tokarieva O. 
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the structure and properties of carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM), where the carbon matrix is formed by the deposition of pyrolytic carbon in the porous volume of a carbon fiber preform using thermogradient gas-phase pyrolysis densification technologies.
The results of studying the apparent density of CCCM by hydrostatic methods and its influence on the specific volume electrical resistivity of the material are presented. The conducted study established that the specific volume electrical resistivity of CCCM significantly depends on a number of factors, one of which is the material density. An increase in the apparent density of the material leads to a decrease in its porosity, which, in turn, affects the decrease in electrical resistance. It is emphasized that density control becomes a key factor in ensuring optimal electrical conductivity of carbon-carbon composite materials.
It is shown that the densification of CCCM significantly improves the structure of blanks and crucibles, increasing their physical and operational characteristics. This makes them more suitable for use in high-temperature conditions, aggressive environments, in the production of heat-resistant components and other high-tech areas.
Repeated densification of CCCM revealed a significant impact on the quality of the material. It is shown that an increase in density after additional densification leads to a decrease in porosity, improvement of mechanical properties and a change in the pore distribution in the material, which positively affects its porosity and strength.
Bench tests of model samples made of CCCM showed that an increase in the apparent density of the material leads to a decrease in its electrical resistance. To ensure control in industrial practice, an effective and affordable method for assessing the degree of completion of crystalline transformations and determining the degree of graphitization during high-temperature treatment of carbon materials is recommended to compare the specific volume electrical resistivity of the working sample with the reference one.
The importance of controlling the parameters of density, porosity, and electrical resistance to optimize technological processes and ensure high quality of final products is emphasized. The obtained data can be useful for applications in various industries.
Agricultural drought assessment in data-limited arid regions using opensource remotely sensed data: A case study from Jordan
Authors: Al-Kilani Muhammad Rasool , Al-Bakri Jawad , Rahbeh Michel , Knutson Cody , Tadesse Tsegaye , Abdelal Qasem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Data availability is a key restriction in drought monitoring, with rainfall-based methods being more widely used despite their shortcomings, primarily due to the lack of observations for other meteorological parameters. This study evaluates open-source remote sensing based meteorological data from the POWER database for agricultural drought assessment in Jordan, where data access is limited, and drought-attributed crop failures are increasingly reported. The results showed strong correlations with ground measurements for precipitation (0.67-0.91) and temperature (>0.99) from POWER. Standardized Precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration indices (SPI and SPEI) calculated using POWER data showed acceptable mean absolute errors (0.3-0.9) based on gauged measurements from several semiarid sites. During periods of reported crop failures, precipitation was above historical values and SPI indicated wet conditions, while SPEI reflected extreme droughts that supported the reports of local farmers. Correlations between drought patterns produced using POWER and crop yields were significant (P<0.5), this was further supported by pairwise t-tests which demonstrated a significant impact of drought on crop production (P = 0.017). These were consistent with previous agricultural drought assessments done using gauged measurements over drought vulnerable sites in the region. The results of this study suggest the need for revising current protocols relying solely on rainfall for drought assessment. The results also add to the existing body of literature supporting the adoption of SPEI for agricultural drought impact assessment and complementing gauged observations with open-source remote sensing data. Data from POWER seems to be suitable for this purpose under proper technical site-specific evaluations.
A special type hereditary multiple osteochondroma in patients with proximal ulna osteochondroma
Authors: Yan An , Li Miao , Tan Xiaoqian , Tan Qian , Ye Weihua , Wu Jiangyan , Mei Haibo , Zhu Guanghui , Xiao Han 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Hereditary Multiple Osteochondroma (HMO) is a rare condition that frequently impacts the forearm and results in radial head dislocation. Consequently, orthopedic surgeons prioritize prognostication of factors contributing to radial head dislocation and implementing preventive measures. The purpose of this study was to introduce a specific type of HMO prone to radial head dislocation and provide potential therapeutic strategies for clinical prevention. We retrospectively reviewed the patients with HMO treated in our center between 2010 and 2021. Radiographic measurements included the presence or absence of osteochondromas in the entire forearm, degree of ulnar bow, and ulnar length percent. Patients were separated into 3 groups based on the status of the radial head: located, subluxated, and dislocated. Radiographic measurements were compared using a Brown-Forsythe and welch test with Tamhane’s T2 post-hoc analysis.
Results: A total of 12 patients with 14 forearms were included in the study. Six forearms had the radial head dislocation, while 3 with radial head subluxation and 5 with located radial head at the initial visit. At the final follow-up, all patients with proximal ulnar tumors who did not undergo resection developed subluxation or dislocation. Simultaneously, all patients with proximal tumors exclusively in the radius remained free from subluxation or dislocation of the radial head throughout the follow-up period. The average ulna length percent in Located group was 1.07±0.05, while 1.09±0.03 in Subluxation group and 0.98±0.09 in Dislocated group. The average ulna bow in Located group was 12°±7°, while 9°±6°in Subluxation group and 15°±8°in Dislocated group. There was no significant difference among them.
Conclusions: Osteochondroma of the proximal ulna poses a significant risk factor for radial head dislocation. Consequently, surgical excision of the proximal ulna tumor emerges as a potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate the occurrence of radial head dislocation in affected individuals.
Keto-enol tautomerism as transformative electron/hole traps to promote charge carrier separation for record-high H2O2 photosynthesis in real world
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Ma Fang , Sun Xiaodong , Ye Liqun , Han Chunqiu , Wang Yongye , Jiang Anqiang , Zhou Ying , Liang Guijie , Wang Huiqing , Wang Li , Jia Binbin , Huang Yingping , Huang Hongwei , Kong Xin Ying , Li Hui , Huang Niu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are excellent photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis, but are often limited by retarded charge carrier separation. Presently, donor-acceptor (D-A) type COFs are commonly used to enhance the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes at the molecular level by promoting the migration of electrons towards the acceptor and the movement of holes towards the donor. However, the significantly slower kinetics of the synchronous water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions (WOR and ORR) often result in the accumulation of photogenerated carriers, which induces strong Coulomb forces, in turn adversely affecting the carrier separation efficiency of D-A type COFs. Herein, it is observed that keto-enol tautomerism can function as dynamic traps for both electrons and holes, alternately capturing them, while the counterpart holes and electrons participate in and are consumed during asynchronous oxidation and reduction reactions. This represents the first example of T-C type COFs (T denotes traps units; C denotes catalytic active units), which can effectively weaken the Coulomb force by reducing charge carrier accumulation, resulting in rapid charge transfer and prolonged lifetimes of free charge carriers for efficient alternating photocatalytic WOR and ORR. Our in-depth research indicates that imine COFs based on 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp series) exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to those based on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BT series), which can be attributed to the occurrence of keto-enol tautomerization. Notably, the optimal Tp imine COF (TpBpy) displays an ultrafast rate for H2O2 photosynthesis, reaching 3.79 mM h-1, surpassing all previously reported photocatalysts. More importantly, when employed in a flow-reactor system, TpBpy also showcases exceptional effectiveness for continuous photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis, achieving a solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.038%, representing the highest performance recorded to date under natural sunlight conditions. This work offers molecular-level guidance for designing efficient photocatalysts for H2O2 photosynthesis and proposes standardized criteria for obtaining reliable SCC values.
Characteristics of Boreal Summer Compound Hot-Drought Events in the Yangtze River Valley and Relationships with Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Zhang Yifang , An Xuehua , Sun Shanlei , Ma Qianrong , Yan Pengcheng , Zhou Botao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Compound hot-drought events (CHDEs) have drawn widespread attention for their severe impacts on ecosystems and human livelihoods. This study investigated the characteristics and driving mechanisms of boreal summer CHDEs in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) during 1961–2022. Results showed that the most intense events were concentrated in Sichuan Province, with both the affected area and event severity exhibiting significant upward trends during the study period. A strong relationship was identified between CHDEs in the YRV and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indian Ocean, independent of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences. Cold SST anomalies cooled the tropical troposphere, triggering easterly winds over East Asia subtropical regions. Concurrently, increased precipitation over north-central India induced an upper-tropospheric anticyclone over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. In turn, the propagated Rossby waves promoted anticyclonic conditions over East Asia and maintained a meridional dipole circulation pattern. Anomalous high-pressure systems over the North Atlantic and Europe-West Siberia amplified these patterns, which further altered surface radiation budgets, drying the land and enhancing sensible heat flux. The resulting land-atmosphere interaction sustained anticyclonic circulation, intensifying CHDEs in the YRV. Projections under the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario suggested that the frequency of these atmospheric circulation patterns was likely to increase, exacerbating CHDEs in the YRV and posing heightened risks to the environment and society.
Enhancing Real-time Heading Estimation for Pedestrian Navigation Via Deep Learning and Smartphone Embeded Sensors
Authors: Ye Junhua , Huang Fenghua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The accurate smartphone-based pedestrian navigation significantly depends on the precise heading estimation. However, heading estimation is still a challenging problem in most pedestrian navigation applications because of the bias of low-cost smartphone sensors, thermal drift with long-term operation, and the unexpected changes in the carrying mode of handheld devices. To address these challenges, many existing methods based on pervasive resources encounter severe errors. Conversely, auxiliary resources-based approaches may hinder ubiquitous and seamless indoor-outdoor navigation experiences. This research aims to enhance heading estimation by leveraging pervasive measurements such as LVGOs and straight-line features self-recognized from camera images. The proposed method mitigates the accumulated gyro drift using the absolute heading angle estimated by LVGOs. However, these absolute angles are highly prone to false estimation while navigating near areas with high electric and magnetic activities due to stable geomagnetism anomalies. Encouraged by the pervasiveness of straight-line features in indoor and outdoor environments, we developed a deep learning method-based visual tracking of these features to enhance the gyroscope and magnetic field fusion-based heading estimation. A convolutional neural network was developed using a U-Net network to accurately and quickly recognize these features, then leverage them as heading constraint to overcome long-term gyro drift and short-term compass heading bias. The proposed method superiorly ensured the balance between recognition time delay and precision, which enabled smooth real-time performance. The achieved results improved the heading estimation and could provide significant help, especially for visually impaired people, as they mostly track tactile paving. This encourages future tests and assessments using visually impaired people to reliably include the proposed method in their applications.
Inhibiting CSF1R signaling reduces disc degeneration and discogenic back pain
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Lei , Zhang Jingdong , Yao Yizheng , Yan Weixuan , Zhou Songlin , Bernstock Joshua , Chalif Joshua , Li Zhimin , Tian Feng , Chen Bo , Guo Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the major causes of low back pain. Inflammation has been implicated in discogenic back pain and disc degeneration, however, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we demonstrate that Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) signaling plays an essential role in the development of IVD degeneration and discogenic back pain. Genetic deletion of CSF1R from microglia/macrophages or oral administration of a CSF1R competitive inhibitor, GW2580, decreased IVD degeneration as evidenced by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological analyses in adult mice following disc injury. CSF1R deletion or GW2580 administration inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine release from injured discs and blocked dorsal root ganglion (DRG) macrophage and spinal cord dorsal horn microglia activation and in so doing, eliminated neuropathic pain secondary to disc injury. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic low back pain secondary to IVD degeneration.
Immune and Metabolic Pathways in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: Insights from Bioinformatics and Animal Models
Authors: Liu Wu , Jiang Hanxue , Zhao Qihan , Rui Hongliang , Liu Baoli , Dai Haoran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an autoimmune disease primarily driven by immune mechanisms. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of metabolic pathways, particularly lipid metabolism and immune response, in IMN pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the interplay between immunity and metabolism in IMN through bioinformatic analyses of immune infiltration patterns and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with validation using a passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rat model. Our findings revealed a disrupted immune microenvironment in IMN patients compared to healthy controls. Single-cell analysis of kidney tissue from IMN patients identified significant activation of the steroid biosynthesis pathway in monocytes. Among the DEGs linked to both immunity and metabolism, INPP5D was notably upregulated in IMN, with monocytes exhibiting the highest expression levels. Additionally, PHN rats demonstrated increased iNOS expression, indicative of M1 macrophage recruitment, alongside elevated SHIP1 expression. These results underscore the potential role of SHIP1 in modulating immune responses and influencing IMN prognosis. Focusing on SHIP1’s involvement in IMN pathogenesis and its impact on immune regulation may enhance the understanding of IMN risk factors and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Assessing shoreline dynamics in southwestern Madagascar, using DSAS tools
Authors: Ramarokoto Sitrakiniaina , Raharijaona Léa , Ravonjimalala Rijasoa , Ramahandrisoa Rina , Randriamalala Josoa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The phenomenon of shoreline erosion may cause significant ecological and economic losses, including the degradation of biodiversity and the deterioration of infrastructure. The majority of studies on shoreline dynamics have focused on the description of its temporal evolution. This paper aims to identify the principal factors influencing shoreline dynamics, with a focus on the coasts of southwestern Madagascar, which encompass extensive mangrove areas. In order to observe the processes of coastal retreat (erosion) and advance (accretion), satellite images from different dates (1990/2000/2010/2020) were analysed using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tools. These processes were also associated with a set variables that have the potential to act as drivers of shoreline dynamics. These included coastal land use (presence/absence of mangroves), distance to the nearest river mouth, Bouguer anomaly, which serves as a proxy for tectonic subsidence risk, and foreshore slope. The variables were derived from three distinct sources: the 2020 vegetation map of the study site, the digital topographic map of Madagascar, and the Bouguer gravity anomaly map of Madagascar. Ultimately, a co-inertia analysis was employed to determine the relative importance of the four variables in shoreline dynamics. The shoreline of the study site is predominantly subject to erosion, which appears to be worsening over time. The occurrence of shoreline erosion was found to be significantly linked to proximity to river mouths and high Bouguer anomaly. The presence of mangroves along the shoreline of the study site does not appear to have impeded the process of shoreline erosion.
Branched chain amino acids and major depressive disorder in a sample of healthy, non-obese people.
Authors: Liu Keyuan , Borreggine Rebecca , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Ivanisevic Julijana , Marques-Vidal Pedro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent neurological condition and a significant global public health challenge. Existing pharmacological treatments often have limited efficacy and are associated with substantial side effects. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have emerged as a potential novel intervention for MDD. However, there is limited research on the relationship between plasma BCAA concentrations and MDD in population-based studies, and the sample sizes of these studies are typically small.
Method: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus cohort (Lausanne, Switzerland). BCAA concentrations were measured using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. MDD status was assessed via questionnaire and categorized as “Current” “Remitted “and “No”.
Result: Data from 2,182 participants (mean age 53.25 ± 8.5 years, 58.07% women) were analyzed. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in BCAA levels between the "Remitted" and "No" MDD groups. However, after multivariable analysis with adjustment for gender, all associations disappeared.
Conclusion: There is no significant association between BCAA levels and MDD in healthy, non-obese and old people.
Social Determinants of Health and Healthcare Access among Latina/x/o Sexual and Gender Minority Adults
Authors: Mathur Priya , Serrano Pedro Alonso , II Gregory Phillips , Shah Harita S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to identify current social determinants of health (SDOH) and healthcare access barriers impacting health outcomes among Latina, Latinx, and Latino (Latina/x/o) sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals.
Methods: We conducted cross-sectional surveys of 521 Latina/x/o adults with a focus on SGM individuals from November 2022 to June 2023 in Cook County, IL. We recruited using social media groups and in person community venues geared towards Latina/x/o and/or Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Questioning (LGBTQ+) individuals. We examined associations between demographic predictors and SDOH (housing, food, and job insecurity) or healthcare access outcomes (insurance status, access to primary care, and time since last provider visit) using multivariable logistic regression.
Results: Respondents included 68.8% (n=329) SGM individuals, of whom 48.6% (n=157) identified as gay or lesbian, 42.7% (n=138) identified as bisexual, pansexual, or queer, and 15.8% (n=48) identified as transgender. Across sexual and gender identities, our study population had a high burden of housing insecurity (n=286, 56.9%), food insecurity (n=177, 35.3%), and job insecurity (n=90, 27.8%). There were also a high proportion of uninsured individuals (n=120, 25.2%) and people who had not seen a provider in the last year (n=188, 36.2%).
Conclusion: Public health interventions and policy reform are urgently needed to address the SDOH and healthcare barriers that drive health disparities for the diverse groups within Latina/x/o SGM populations.
Role of ALDH3A1 in Maintaining the Balance between Alveolar Type 1 and Type 2 Cells in Emphysema: From Patient to Organoid Model
Authors: Cui Jiajing , Han Shuai , Li Jiachen , Li Xiaobo , Liang Lirong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by alveolar destruction, which is called emphysema. Alveoli are mainly composed of alveolar type 1 (AT1) and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells; however, the specific mechanisms regulating AT1 and AT2 during the development of emphysema remain unclear.
Methods: This study performed single-cell sequencing (scSeq) and pseudo-time analysis on primary human alveolar cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Subsequently, a cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema mouse model was established using a nasal-oral exposure system, and an intervention model was created by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (DEX) solution. Pulmonary function tests, H&E staining, immunochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted in mice. Additionally, using alveolar organoids, in vitro models of CSE-induced emphysema model, DEX intervention model, and ALDH3A1 overexpression model were established, followed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays.
Results: Analysis of scSeq data showed that primary human lung cells exposed to CSE exhibited an imbalance in the ratio of AT1 to AT2 cells, with decreased expression of ALDH3A1 in alveolar cells. In the in vivo emphysema model, pulmonary function was significantly reduced, and the alveolar structure was severely damaged with a significantly increased mean linear intercept. The ratio of aquaporin 5 (AQP5)+ AT1 cells to surfactant protein C (SFTPC)+ AT2 cells was significantly decreased, accompanied with the development of emphysema; further, DEX treatment protected lungs against CS-induced emphysema. Using the alveolar organoid, gene expression levels of ALDH3A1 were decreased with CSE in a dose-dependent manner with decreased AT1 to AT2 ratio. DEX intervention could not rescue ALDH3A1 completely. More critically, overexpression of ALDH3A1 effectively protects alveolar organoids against CSE-induced imbalance between AT1 and AT2 cells.
Conclusion: This study confirms the crucial role of ALDH3A1 in maintaining alveolar structure; however, DEX protected alveolar cells in an ALDH3A1-independent manner. More importantly, the murine alveolar organoid successfully resembles the alteration in human lungs, providing a useful in vitro model for the mechanism study of emphysema.