bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Large Electronic Medical Record Data Sets to Identify Novel Drug–Gene Interactions for Commonly Used Drugs
Authors: Malki Mustafa Adnan , Dawed Adem Y. , Hayward Caroline , Doney Alex , Pearson Ewan R. 
Published: July 2021

Real‐world prescribing of drugs differs from the experimental systems, physiological‐pharmacokinetic models, and clinical trials used in drug development and licensing, with drugs often used in patients with multiple comorbidities with resultant polypharmacy. The increasing availability of large biobanks linked to electronic healthcare records enables the potential to identify novel drug–gene interactions in large populations of patients. In this study we used three Scottish cohorts and UK Biobank to identify drug–gene interactions for the 50 most commonly used drugs and 162 variants in genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics. We defined two phenotypes based upon prescribing behavior—drug‐stop or dose‐decrease. Using this approach, we replicate 11 known drug–gene interactions including, for example, CYP2C9/CYP2C8 variants and sulfonylurea/thiazolidinedione prescribing and ABCB1/ABCG2 variants and statin prescribing. We identify eight novel associations after Bonferroni correction, three of which are replicated or validated in the UK Biobank or have other supporting results: The C‐allele at rs4918758 in CYP2C9 was associated with a 25% (15–44%) lower odds of dose reduction of quinine, P = 1.6 × 10−5; the A‐allele at rs9895420 in ABCC3 was associated with a 46% (24–62%) reduction in odds of dose reduction with doxazosin, P = 1.2 × 10−4, and altered blood pressure response in the UK Biobank; the CYP2D6*2 variant was associated with a 30% (18–40%) reduction in odds of stopping ramipril treatment, P = 1.01 × 10−5, with similar results seen for enalapril and lisinopril and with other CYP2D6 variants. This study highlights the scope of using large population bioresources linked to medical record data to explore drug–gene interactions at scale.
Opportunities for free play and young children's autonomic regulation
Authors: Gleason Tracy R. , Tarsha Mary S. , Kurth Angela M. , Narvaez Darcia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAspects of the social environment have been linked to the physiological mechanisms underlying behavioral self‐regulation. Play, a behavior connected to regulatory behaviors such as delay of gratification and regulation of emotions, might be an aspect of social environments that is supportive of healthy physiological adaptation. We examined whether opportunities for social free play with peers, as reported by mothers, would predict children's autonomic regulation (via respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) in a sample of 78 five‐year‐old children. As a proxy for play experience generally, frequency of social free play in the past week predicted higher levels of RSA functioning across both baseline and stress conditions, but did not account for physiological rate of change between conditions. Thus, frequent social free play opportunities might be a general positive influence on children's autonomic regulation by supporting increased parasympathetic activation but not a significant influence on children's response to stress in the moment. Attention to the role of play in autonomic regulation is critical, as children's free play opportunities might be declining.
Effects of the administration of miconazole by different routes on the biomarkers of the “steroidal module” of the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Mazzarino Monica , Comunità Fabio , de la Torre Xavier , Molaioni Francesco , Botrè Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reports the results obtained from the investigation of the influence of miconazole administration on the physiological fluctuation of the markers of the steroid profile included in the “steroidal module” of the Athlete Biological Passport. Urines collected from male Caucasian subjects before, during, and after either systemic (i.e., oral and buccal) or topical (i.e., dermal) treatment with miconazole were analyzed according to validated procedures based on gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) (to determine the markers of the steroid profile) or liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS (LC–MS/MS) (to determine miconazole urinary levels). The results indicate that only after systemic administration, the markers of the steroid profile were significantly altered. After oral and buccal administration, we have registered (i) a significant increase of the 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol/5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol ratio and (ii) a significant decrease of the concentration of androsterone, etiocholanolone, 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, and 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol and of the androsterone/etiocholanolone, androsterone/testosterone, and 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol/epitestosterone ratios. Limited effects were instead measured after dermal intake. Indeed, the levels of miconazole after systemic administration were in the range of 0.1–12.5 μg/ml, whereas after dermal administration were below the limit of quantification (50 ng/ml). Significant alteration started to be registered at concentrations of miconazole higher than 0.5 μg/ml. These findings were primarily explained by the ability of miconazole in altering the kinetic/efficacy of deglucuronidation of the endogenous steroids by the enzyme β‐glucuronidase during the sample preparation process. The increase of both incubation time and amount of β‐glucuronidase was demonstrated to be effective countermeasures in the presence of miconazole to reduce the risk of uncorrected interpretation of the results.
Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress tolerance, bamboo presence, and facilitation
Authors: Christmann Tina , Rosado Bruno H. P. , Delhaye Guillaume , Matos Ilaíne S. , Drummond Julia S. , Roland Helena L. , Moraes Yan C. , Oliveras Menor Imma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAmidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity, and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterized the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C—competitor, S—stress‐tolerant, R—ruderal) scheme, what functional trade‐offs they exhibit, and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence.MethodsTo characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e., isolated woody plants in the grasslands community). Then, we used Mann–Whitney test, t test, and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside versus outside tree island and bamboo presence on community‐weighted means, woody species diversity, and functional diversity.ResultsWe found a general SC/S strategy with drought‐related functional trade‐offs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density, and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought‐coping strategies within the predominant S strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake, and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo.ConclusionsThe observed functional assembly hints toward large‐scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping a stress‐tolerant community strategy, and small‐scale biotic interactions driving small‐scale trait variation. We recommend experimental studies with fire, facilitation treatments, ecophysiological and recruitment traits to elucidate on future tree island expansion and community response to climate change.
Graphene oxide‐octadecylsilane incorporated monolithic nano‐columns with 50 μm id and 100 μm id for small molecule and protein separation by nano‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Aydoğan Cemil , Aslan Hakiye , Günyel Zeynep , Demir Nurullah , Erdoğan İbrahim Y. , Alharthi Sarah , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide‐octadecylsilane incorporated monolithic nano‐columns were developed for protein analysis by nano liquid chromatography (nano LC). The monolithic column with 100 μm id was first prepared by an in situ polymerization using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HPMA‐Cl), and methacryloyl graphene oxide nanoparticles (MGONPs). MGONPs were synthesized by the treatment of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMSPM) and GO. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dodecanol were used as the porogenic solvent. The resulting column was functionalized by dimethyloctadecylch lorosilane (DODCS) for the enhancement of hydrophobicity. The functionalization greatly improved the baseline separation of hydrophobic compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The optimized monolith with respect to total polymerization mixture was characterized by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and chromatographic analyses. The blank monoliths without functionalization exhibited poor separation while a good separation performance of MGONPs functionalized monoliths was achieved. The monolith with 100 μm id was evaluated in protein separation in nano LC using RNase A, Cytochrome C, Lysozyme, Trypsin, and Ca isozyme II as the test proteins. It was shown that protein separation mechanism was based on large π‐system of GO and hydrophobicity of the monolithic structure. Theoretical plates number up to 57 600 plates were achieved. The nano‐column with 50 μm id was also prepared using the same polymerization mixture under the same chemical conditions. These nano‐columns were employed for protein separation by nano LC, and the dependence of both nano‐column performance on the internal diameter was also discussed.
N‐doped carbon‐coated CoSe2 nanocrystals anchored on two‐dimensional MXene nanosheets for efficient electrochemical sodium‐ and potassium‐ion storage
Authors: Oh Hong Geun , Yang Su Hyun , Kang Yun Chan , Park Seung‐Keun 
Published: July 2021

SummarySodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have received much attention as next‐generation energy storage systems owing to the abundance. Nevertheless, they face great challenges in the design of optimum electrode materials for practical applications. Herein, we prepared a unique two‐dimensional structured composite consisting of N‐doped carbon‐coated CoSe2 nanocrystals and MXene nanosheets (CoSe2@NC/MX) for efficient electrochemical Na‐ and K‐ion storage. In this strategy, a Co‐based zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) was deposited on the surface of MXene nanosheets, and the subsequent selenization process resulted in the transformation of the ZIF‐67 into CoSe2@NCs. The unique structure can shorten the transport pathways for electrons/ions and provide sufficient space to accommodate the volume change of the active materials. Furthermore, the N‐doped carbon matrix and MXene can enhance the robustness of the electrode materials. Accordingly, the composites exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of cycle stability (317 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1) and rate capability (343 mA h g−1 at 7.0 A g−1) for SIBs. For KIBs, they exhibited a high reversible capacity of 358 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 276 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 2.0 A g−1.
Trends in incidence and correlation between medical costs and lost workdays for work‐related amputations in the State of California from 2007 to 2018
Authors: Gomez Nicholas G. , Gaspar Fraser W. , Thiese Matthew S. , Merryweather Andrew S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetailed information regarding workers who experience an amputation in the workplace over the last decade is limited. To better understand the financial and functional impact of a work‐related amputation, this study quantifies the incidence of work‐related amputations in the California workforce from 2007 to 2018 as well as the relationship between medical costs and lost workdays as a function of amputation level.MethodsWorkers' compensation claims data from California spanning the years 2007 to 2018 were evaluated to describe trends in amputation incidence (N = 16 931). Quartile values for medical costs, indemnity costs, and lost workdays were reported as a function of amputation level. Correlations were performed between medical costs and lost workdays to examine their relationship.ResultsThe average incidence from 2007 to 2018 was 8.9 (95% CI 8.5, 9.4) amputations per 100 000 workers. There was a significant spike in amputations in 2008. Partial‐hand amputations were the most common with 73.3 (95% CI 69.2, 77.7) cases per 1 000 000 workers, and the industry with the highest incidence was construction with 26.0 (95% CI 22.4, 30.0) cases per 100 000 workers. Overall, medical costs were moderately correlated with lost workdays (Spearman's rho = 0.51), and that level of correlation remained relatively consistent across all levels of amputation (Spearman's rho = 0.48‐0.62).ConclusionsAmputations represent high medical costs and number of lost workdays. Considering the type of amputation and the industry the injury occurred in is important in order to work toward returning this population to work. Our results present the status of amputations in the California workplace and establish a basis for using medical costs to infer lost work productivity for this population.
The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and the Coweeta Long‐Term Ecological Research Project
Authors: Miniat Chelcy Ford , Oishi Andrew Christopher , Bolstad Paul V. , Jackson C. Rhett , Liu Ning , Love Jason P. , Pringle Catherine M. , Solomon Kelsey J. , Wurzburger Nina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (CHL) is a USDA Forest Service (FS) Experimental Forest, located in western North Carolina, in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Established in 1934, CHL has long‐term data records that include climate, streamflow, stream and atmospheric chemistry, and vegetation in several small, experimentally‐manipulated and reference watersheds. In addition to these long‐term data, additional data associated with specific projects have been collected and are available through publications and electronic archives. Notably, CHL was a member of the National Science Foundation‐funded Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) program from 1980–2020, which resulted in significant scientific advances and rich data sets on the five core LTER research areas: primary productivity, population studies, movement of organic matter, movement of inorganic matter, and disturbance patterns. Here we provide a brief site description and history of the CHL, including descriptions of gauged watersheds and data archives.
Walking to a better future? Postoperative ambulation after cesarean delivery and complications: A prospective study
Authors: Engel Offra , Haikin Herzberger Einat , Yagur Yael , Hershko Klement Anat , Fishman Ami , Constantini Naama , Biron Shental Tal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation between maternal mobility after cesarean delivery and postoperative morbidity.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital among patients after cesarean delivery. The women were recruited after surgery and before ambulation. Each participant received an accelerometer and routine instructions for mobilization. The patients were asked to wear the accelerometer constantly. It was collected at discharge. Electronic files were reviewed and patients’ outcomes were analyzed. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare groups and a receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for the threshold of number of steps.ResultsData were analyzed for 199 patients, among which 107 (54.4%) deliveries were urgent and 90 (45.6%) were elective. The median number of steps was higher for multiparous women compared to nulliparous women (P = 0.035). Patients who developed complications after discharge walked significantly less during their hospitalization compared to those who did not. There was a trend toward increased risk for in‐hospitalization complications among patients who walked less while hospitalized. A threshold of more than 9716 steps per hospitalization was found to be associated with fewer post‐discharge complications.ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between the extent of ambulation after cesarean delivery and fewer postoperative complications.
Do mothers and fathers agree? Examining interparental ratings of youth externalizing behaviors among ethnically diverse families
Authors: Vassilopoulos Areti , DeLucia Christian , Torres Cynthia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the association between youth, parent, and family characteristics in mother‐father agreement of youth externalizing behaviors among ethnically diverse families.MethodEighty‐eight mother‐father dyads of youth (44% Latino, 38% European‐American, 17% African American) 6–16 years participated.ResultsOverall associations between parent's reports of youth behavior problems were positively correlated. Significant predictors of parent difference scores in regression analyses included mother's depression scores (negatively), mother and father parenting stress scores (positively and negatively, respectively), and child's symptom severity (positively in the Inattention and Learning Problems models; negatively in the Defiance/Aggression model).ConclusionsResults highlight the need for psychosocial screening of youth's parents during child psychological assessment to identify situations in which both parent reports are needed for youth assessment. Further, it contributes to the small literature base of discrepancies in parent reports in minority youth and expands upon the minimal research involving paternal caregivers.
A rare clinical presentation of third part duodenal perforation due to post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography stent migration on advanced stage peri‐ampullary tumor
Authors: Ida Bagus Budhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a diagnostic and therapeutic treatment role on malignant biliary obstruction, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has already been used as a routine procedure, especially for palliative treatment on advanced stage peri‐ampullary tumor. This minimal invasive procedure has many early or late complications such as bleeding, post‐ERCP pancreatitis, perforation, cholangitis, and the rare duodenal perforation from the stent migration. The current review reported the incidence of stent erosion associated with duodenal perforation was only 1% for this palliative procedure. We report a 75 years old male patient with diffuse abdominal tenderness 7 days after palliative ERCP stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction, metal stent could not be placed, and plastic stent placement had been done. There was no post‐ERCP pancreatitis found during the first 24 h. The patient came to the emergency with clinical sign and symptoms of diffuse peritonitis; abdominal X‐ray found no free intraperitoneal air. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, and we found bile leak from the third part of perforated duodenal with 5 mm in diameter, plastic stent exposed from the perforation site, and no active bleeding. We performed primary suture of the duodenum, cholecysto‐enteric bypass, pyloric exclusion, gastro‐jejunostomy bypass, and braun anastomosis. Jejunostomy feeding has been placed. There were no postoperative cardiopulmonary complication, and the patient could tolerate well for oral intake and discharged from hospital at 10th postoperative day (POD). This rare duodenal perforation complication could happen even in plastic stent placement during the ERCP procedure, and early management was needed to gain the favorable outcome.
An effective lithography training module adapting semianalytical calculation approaches
Authors: Cakmak Atilla Ozgur , Colak Evrim , Awadelkarim Osama O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA complete, self‐sufficient package is prepared to teach the fundamental concepts of lithography. The adapted semianalytical approaches promise to illustratively create an ideal engaging environment for efficiently training next generation lithographers. The presented educational tool, which integrates the well‐known modeling methods from the literature, is shown to capture the photolithography process step by step while offering the students a remote, hands‐on feeling from introductory to graduate‐level work. The importance of optical and chemistry related parameters are discussed with the aim of creating a useful laboratory assessment package for the educators to be easily integrated into their curriculum.
Rapidly identifying bioactive compounds from Zhisou oral liquid by immobilized receptor‐based high‐performance affinity chromatography
Authors: Fu Xiaoying , Zhao Xue , Zheng Xinxin , Wang Taotao , Shayiranbieke Aerduosi , Li Linkang , Cao Fang , Ren Jianping , Li Qian , Zhao Xinfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe identification of bioactive compounds in complex matrices remains a major challenge due to the lack of highly efficient and specific methods. This work developed an approach based on high‐performance affinity chromatography to identify the potential antitussive compounds from Zhisou oral liquid . The main methods include the synthesis of immobilized beta2‐adrenoceptor by a one‐step method, the screening and identification of the potential bioactive compounds by the receptor column coupled with mass spectrometry, and the binding mechanism analysis of the compounds to the receptor by the in vivo experiment, injection amount dependent method and molecular simulation. We identified the potential bioactive compounds of Zhisou oral liquid as glycyrrhizic acid, platycodin D, tuberostemonine, and hesperidin. In vivo experiment showed that the combinational utilization of the four compounds was possible to present an equivalent antitussive effect to the formula. The docking results demonstrated that hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces were the main forces to drive the binding of the four compounds to beta2‐adrenoceptor. We concluded that the four compounds are the effective components in Zhisou oral liquid. The proposed strategy is possible to provide an alternative for the development of highly efficient methods to pursue the bioactive compounds of complex matrices.