bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of asymptomatic or “silent” myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fokoua-Maxime Christophe Dongmo , Lontchi-Yimagou Eric , Cheuffa-Karel Takeude Erwan , Tchato-Yann Tchana Loic , Pierre-Choukem Simeon 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMyocardial ischemia (MI) is a top ranked cause of death among diabetic patients, yet it is mostly asymptomatic or “silent”. There is a need for summary epidemiologic measures on this highly lethal and unnoticeable complication of diabetes. The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate of the global prevalence of silent MI among diabetic patients.Methods and analysisThis protocol was prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. The systematic review will include all observational studies published until March 23, 2021 and reporting on the prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. Electronic sources including MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science will be searched for potentially eligible studies, restricted to only studies published in English. Two investigators will select studies and use a pre-pilot tested form to extract data. Further, they will independently perform a qualitative assessment of the risk of bias and overall quality of the selected studies, followed by a quantitative assessment using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. The heterogeneity between studies will be assessed with the Cochrane’s Q statistic, and the I2statistic will measure the percentage of variation across studies that is due to their heterogeneity rather than chance; it will decide if a meta-analysis can be conducted. In case a meta-analysis cannot be conducted, a descriptive analysis will be performed. Otherwise, study-specific estimates will be pooled using either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model depending on the value of the I2statistic. Subgroup and random effects meta-regression analyses will be used to further investigate the potential sources of heterogeneity. Finally, sensitivity analyses will be performed to measure the impact of low-quality studies on the results of the meta-analysis, and power calculations will determine the probability that we will detect a true effect if it does exist.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe intended review will provide an up-to-date summary of the global prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. We will conduct a thorough literature search for eligible studies, and we will use robust meta-analysis tools to provide reliable estimates of the global prevalence of silent MI in diabetic patients. Two major limitations could be: the predominance of clinical trials that might limit the generalizability of the findings, given that the strict inclusion criteria of these studies might have excluded other patients; the risk of type 1 error emanating from the high number of subgroup and sensitivity analyses.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019138136.
Do oral contraceptives affect young women’s memory? Dopamine-dependent working memory is influenced by COMT genotype, but not time of pill ingestion
Authors: Gravelsins Laura , Duncan Katherine , Einstein Gillian 
Published: June 2021

Background
Despite the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs), and the well-documented influence of estrogens, notably 17β-estradiol (E2), on cognition, research relating OCs to working memory is limited and mixed. Two factors may contribute to these mixed findings: 1) pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, which drive fluctuations in synthetic hormone levels; and 2) genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine degradation and working memory, which interact with E2. This research investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, in concert with the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val158Met; rs4680) of the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT), influence working memory performance.

Methods
University-age women taking and not taking OCs were tested for working memory and genotyped for COMT. If they were not taking OCs (n = 62), sessions occurred in the early follicular (low E2) and late follicular (high E2) phase. If they were taking OCs (n = 52), sessions occurred 1–2 hours after (high ethinyl estradiol, EE) and ~24 hours after (low EE) pill ingestion. Working memory was tested using the N-back, AX-CPT, Digit Span, and Digit Ordering Tasks. Data were analyzed using multilevel models with estrogen condition, COMT, and group as predictors, controlling for mood and practice effects.

Results
For women taking OCs, time of pill ingestion did not influence performance. However, the subgroup with COMT val/val (low dopamine) were less accurate on 2-back lure trials than those with COMT met/met (high dopamine). For women not taking OCs, cycle phase moderated COMT’s influence on lure accuracy. When compared, women taking OCs had higher AX-CPT proactive control indices than those not taking OCs.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that oral contraceptives are not detrimental for young women’s working memory and that they may increase proactive control. The more pronounced effects of COMT in women taking OCs suggests that, in women taking OCs, suppressed endogenous E2–not fluctuating EE levels–may be more relevant for working memory. Future studies are needed to differentiate effects of endogenous versus synthetic estrogens on working memory.
Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmed Ayan , Ruiz Manuel J. , Cohen Kadosh Kathrin , Patton Robert , Resurrección Davinia M. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Khat is a plant that is used for its amphetamine-like stimulant properties. However, although khat is very popular in Eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East, there is still a lack of studies researching the possible neurobehavioral impairment derived from khat use.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the effects of khat use on neurobehavioral functions. MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Open Grey literature were searched for relevant publications from inception to December 2020. Search terms included (a) khat and (b) several cognitive domains. References from relevant publications and grey literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion.

Results
A total of 142 articles were reviewed, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria (nine human and five rodent studies). Available human studies suggest that long term khat use is associated with significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including learning, motor speed/coordination, set-shifting/response inhibition functions, cognitive flexibility, short term/working memory, and conflict resolution. In addition, rodent studies indicated daily administration of khat extract resulted in dose-related impairments in behavior such as motor hyperactivity and decreased cognition, mainly learning and memory.

Conclusions
The findings presented in this review indicates that long-term khat use may be contributing to an impairment of neurobehavioral functions. However, gaps in literature were detected that future studies could potentially address to better understand the health consequences of khat use.
What predicts the early sexual debut among unmarried adolescents (10–19 years)? Evidence from UDAYA survey, 2015–16
Authors: Muhammad T. , Srivastava Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Patel Sangram Kishor 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
The societal norm in India is such that adolescents are expected to respect and follow traditional values and view early sexual debut as undesirable and deviant from the social mores. However, a dramatic shift in attitudes towards sex before marriage has been observed in India. We in this study, aim to study the factors associated with early sexual debut among unmarried adolescents.

Materials and methods
The study used data from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) survey conducted in 2016 with 15,388 adolescents aged 10–19 years from two Indian states. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associated factors.

Results
Adolescent boys (9%) were more prone to early sexual debut compared to girls (4%). Both boys (17.2%) and girls (6%) who were school dropouts had significantly higher chances of early sexual debut. Boys who had rare [OR: 2.28; CI: 1.12–4.64] or frequent media exposure [OR: 2.70; CI: 1.36–5.32] were significantly more likely to report early sexual debut than those who had no media exposure. Further, the likelihood of early sexual debut was significantly higher among boys [OR: 3.01; CI: 2.34–3.87] and girls [OR: 1.87; CI: 1.12–3.12] who had exposure to pornography compared to their counterparts. The odds of early sexual debut were higher among boys [OR: 1.89; CI: 1.19–3.01] and girls [OR: 1.77; CI: 1.30–2.41] who had moderately-severe/severe depressive symptoms compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions
The results highlight that Indian unmarried adolescents demand the appropriate knowledge to promote safer sexual behavior and lead a responsible and healthy lifestyle. The preventive efforts must be multifaceted with involvement at the individual and parental levels. Especially, interventions appear advantageous to be parents-focused emphasizing family life education that can prevent risky sexual behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. And the public programs should focus on sexual health promotion considering the physical and psychosocial changes during early ages of sex life.
Effect of number of medications and complexity of regimens on medication adherence and blood pressure management in hospitalized patients with hypertension
Authors: Wakai Eri , Ikemura Kenji , Kato Chika , Okuda Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Good adherence of antihypertensives is recommended for the accomplishment of hypertension therapy. The number of medications and characteristics contributing to medication regimen complexity, such as dosage forms and dosing frequency, are known to influence medication adherence. However, the effect of medication regimen complexity on the therapeutic efficacy of medicines remains to be clarified. In the present study, we retrospectively investigated the effect of number of medications and medication regimen complexity on medication adherence and therapeutic efficacy in patients with hypertension.

Methods
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1,057 patients, who were on medications including antihypertensives on admission at the Mie University Hospital between July 2018 and December 2018, were enrolled in this study. Poor blood pressure management was defined if the systolic or diastolic blood pressure were ≥140 mmHg or ≥ 90 mmHg. Medication regimen complexity was quantified using the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) score.

Results
Among 1,057 patients, 164 and 893 patients were categorized into poor and good adherence groups, respectively. The multivariate analyses revealed that age ≥ 71 years and oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5 but not number of oral medications were extracted as risk factors for poor medication adherence. Medication adherence and blood pressure management were poor in the group with oral MRCI score ≥ 19.5, regardless of the age. The rate of readmission was similar.

Conclusion
Our study is the first to demonstrate that medication regimen complexity rather than number of medications is closely related to medication adherence and blood pressure management. Hence, physicians and/or pharmacists should consider the complexity of medication regimens while modifying them.
Association between tumor size and peritumoral brain edema in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas
Authors: Shin Chansub , Kim Jae Min , Cheong Jin Hwan , Ryu Je Il , Won Yu Deok , Ko Yong , Han Myung-Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose
Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is a common complication in meningioma and disruption of the tumor-brain barrier in meningioma is crucial for PTBE formation. To evaluate the association between meningioma size and PTBE, we measured meningioma volumes using the 3D slicer in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas.

Methods
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off meningioma volume values for predicting PTBE occurrence. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios for PTBE occurrence in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas according to several predictive factors.

Results
A total of 205 convexity or parasagittal meningioma patients with no other brain disease who underwent one or more contrast-enhanced brain MRIs were enrolled in this 10-year analysis in two hospitals. The optimal cut-off meningioma volume value for prediction of PTBE in all study patients was 13.953 cc (sensitivity = 76.1%; specificity = 92.5%). If a meningioma is assumed to be a complete sphere, 13.953 cc is about 2.987 cm in diameter.

Conclusions
Our study suggests a cut-off value of 3 cm meningioma diameter for prediction of PTBE in patients with convexity and parasagittal meningiomas. We believe that we have revealed why the meningioma diameter of 3 cm is clinically meaningful.
Renal allograft function in kidney transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV 2: An academic single center experience
Authors: Nahi Skylar L. , Shetty Aneesha A. , Tanna Sajal D. , Leventhal Joseph R. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundKidney transplant recipients are a unique cohort in regard to SARS-CoV 2 susceptibility and clinical course, owing to their immunosuppressed state and propensity for kidney injury. The primary purpose of this study is to ascertain if, in kidney transplant recipients, SARS-CoV 2 infection impacts long term renal allograft function.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center study reviewed 53 kidney transplant recipients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR at NMH from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020.ResultsChange in eGFR from baseline kidney function prior to infection to 90 days after the first positive SARS-CoV 2 test was +1.76%, -17.5% and -23.16% the mild, moderate and severe disease groups respectively. There was a significant decline in kidney function in the moderate and severe disease cohorts as compared to the mild disease cohort, with respective p values of p = 0.0002 and p = 0.021. Relative to the mild disease cohort, the moderate and severe disease cohorts also demonstrated significantly increased risk of developing AKI (66%, 85%), both with p values of P = 0.0001.ConclusionsClinically severe SARS-CoV 2 infection is associated with greater risk of acute kidney injury and greater decline in renal allograft function at 90 days post infection, compared to mild disease.
The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal, John M. Clum (2014)
Authors: Gowland Gus 
Published: June 2021

Review of: The Works of Arthur Laurents: Politics, Love, and Betrayal, John M. Clum (2014)
New York: Cambria Press, 214 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-60497-884-1, £66.99

Terrence McNally and Fifty Years of American Gay Drama, John M. Clum (2016)
New York: Cambria Press, 236 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-60497-922-0, £69.99
Pal Joey: The History of a Heel, Julianne Lindberg (2020)
Authors: Jayasuriya Katy 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Pal Joey: The History of a Heel, Julianne Lindberg (2020)
New York: Oxford University Press, 288pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19-005120-4, h/bk, £25.99
SECURE CODE DESIGN PADA PEMROGRAMAN BERORIENTASI OBJEK DENGAN PENANGANAN PENGECUALIAN
Authors: N Rahmawati 
Published: June 2021

Proses pengembangan perangkat lunak harus mengikuti tahapan tertentu yang disebut dengan Software Development Life Cycle atau (SDLC). Pada pengembangan perangkat lunak, yang belum nampak secara eksplisit pada SDLC adalah aspek keamanan. Keamanan seharusnya hadir pada setiap tahapan SDLC. Keamanan perangkat lunak bisa dimulai dari security requirement, secure design, secure coding, hingga pengujian. Tahapan coding merupakakan implementasi dari desain dalam bentuk kode. Programmer harus berhati-hati agar tidak ada lubang keamanan pada saat perangkat lunak dikembangkan. Membuat perangkat lunak yang aman dengan desain memerlukan pertimbangan pada bagiamana cara menangani kesalahan, terutama pada tahapan coding. Bahasa pemrograman Java yang memiliki sifat mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan tipe data. Bahasa termasuk ke dalam pemrograman berorientasi objek. Pemrograman berorientasi objek merupakan teknik membuat suatu program berdasarkan objek dan hal yang bisa dilakukan oleh objek tersebut. Bahasa Java menyediakan fitur penanganan pengecualian, seperti pernyataan throw dan blok try-catch-finally. Pada bahasa ini terdapat exception handling yaitu mekanisme penangan error yang mungkin terjadi dalam suatu program
Formacja laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim
Authors: Kurosz Jolanta 
Published: June 2021

Formacja laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim wpisuje się w służebną rolę Kościoła. Jej celem jest pomoc w odkrywaniu drogi do świętości poprzez realizację powołania. Aspekt duchowy, doktrynalny, znajomość nauki społecznej Kościoła i przygotowanie do apostolstwa to ważne wymiary tej działalności. W środowisku uniwersyteckim dochodzi do spotkania kultury i wiary. Konieczność formacji laikatu w środowisku uniwersyteckim wynika ze specyfiki tego środowiska oraz dokonujących się przemian społeczno-gospodarczych.
Development and psychometric analysis of an inventory of fundamental concepts for understanding organic reaction mechanisms
Authors: Nedungadi Sachin , Mosher Michael D. , Paek Sue Hyeon , Hyslop Richard M. , Brown Corina E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fundamental concepts for organic reaction mechanisms inventory (FC-ORMI) is a multiple-choice instrument designed to assess students’ conception of fundamental concepts for understanding organic reaction mechanisms. The concepts were identified from open-ended interviews and a national survey of organic chemistry instructors reported in a previous study. This manuscript describes the development of the inventory items related to these identified concepts and the psychometric analysis of the instrument. In the developmental stage, open-ended questions were administered to first-semester organic chemistry students (N = 138), and open-ended interviews were conducted with students (N = 22) from the same pool to gain insight into their thought processes. The answers revealed alternate conceptions which were used to formulate distractors for the inventory. A pilot version and a beta version of the inventory were administered to 105 and 359 first-semester organic chemistry students, respectively. From these administrations, the 26-item alpha version was developed and administered to first-semester undergraduate organic chemistry students (N = 753). Psychometric analysis was conducted at the item and test level using Classical Test Theory and Rasch analysis. The results indicate that the items on the FC-ORMI function well to reveal students’ alternate conceptions. The instrument meets the acceptable standards of validity and reliability for concept inventories.
Public Benefit Use and Social Needs in Hospitalized Children With Undocumented Parents
Authors: Masciale Marina , Lopez Michelle A. , Yu Xian , Domínguez José , Fredricks Karla , Haq Heather , Raphael Jean L. , Bocchini Claire 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Studies supporta recent decline in public benefit enrollment among immigrant families. We aimed to describe health and resource use, barriers to use, and immigration-related fear in families with undocumented parents compared with families without undocumented parents. We also aimed to assess associations with discontinuation of public benefits and fear of deportation.

METHODS
We assessed immigration concerns and enrollment in Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) with an 89-item anonymous, cross-sectional survey of English- and Spanish-speaking caregivers of hospitalized children. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations with discontinuation of public benefits and fear of deportation.

RESULTS
Of 527 families approached, 399 enrolled (105 with 1 or more undocumented parent, 275 with no undocumented parent, and 19 with undisclosed immigration status). Compared with families without undocumented parents, families with undocumented parents had higher levels of poverty and food insecurity. Controlling for perceived eligibility, public benefit use was similar across groups. Of families with undocumented parents, 29% reported public benefit discontinuation because of immigration concerns, and 71% reported fear of deportation. Having an undocumented parent was associated with public benefit disenrollment (odds ratio: 46.7; 95% confidence interval: 5.9–370.4) and fear of deportation (odds ratio: 24.3; 95% confidence interval: 9.6–61.9).

CONCLUSIONS
Although families with undocumented parents had higher levels of poverty and food insecurity compared with families without undocumented parents, public benefit use was similar between groups. Immigration-related fear may be a barrier to public benefit use in this population.
Galectin-3 immunolabelling correlates with BCL2 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours
Authors: Vargas Thiago Henrique M. , Barra Camila N. , Pulz Lidia H. , Huete Greice C. , Cadrobbi Karine G. , Nishiya Adriana Tomoko , Kleeb Silvia Regina , Xavier José Guilherme , Catão-Dias José Luiz , Strefezzi Ricardo F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMast cell tumour (MCT) is the most frequent skin neoplasm in dogs. These tumours are characterised by variable behaviour and clinical presentation that make prognosis an important and challenging task in the veterinary practice. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is known to influence several biological processes that are important in the cancer context and has been described as a prognostic marker for several human cancers. The aim of the present work was to characterise Gal-3 immunolabelling in canine cutaneous MCTs and to investigate its value as a prognostic marker for the disease. Thirty-four random cases of canine cutaneous MCT that were surgically treated with wide margins were included in this study. Gal-3 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, Ki67 index, histopathological grades, mortality due to the disease and post-surgical survival. The majority of the MCTs (65.8%) were positive for Gal-3. Gal-3 immunolabelling was variable among the samples (2.7%–86.8% of the neoplastic cells). The protein was located in the cytoplasm or in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Gal-3 positivity was correlated with BCL2 expression (P < 0.001; r = 0.604), but not with Ki67 and BAX. No significant differences were detected between histological grades or in the survival analysis. Gal-3 expression correlates with BCL2 expression in MCTs. Although an efficient marker for several human neoplasms, the results presented herein suggest that Gal-3 immunolabelling is not an independent prognostic indicator for this disease.
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Supraventricular tachycardia in adults
Authors: Bokeria L. A. , Golukhova E. Z. , Popov S. V. , Artyukhina E. A. , Bazaev V. A. , Batalov R. E. , Bokeria O. L. , Vygovsky A. B. , Gilyarov M. Yu. , Golitsyn S. P. , Davtyan K. V. , Zenin S. A. , Ivanitsky E. A. , Kanorsky S. G. , Kovalev A. S. , Krivolapov S. N. , Lebedev D. S. , Mamchur S. E. , Medvedev M. M. , Miller O. N. , Mikhailov E. N. , Neminushchiy N. M. , Novikova N. A. , Revishvili A. Sh. , Rzaev F. G. , Romanov A. B. , Serguladze S. Yu. , Sopov O. V. , Tatarsky B. A. , Thermosesov S. A. , Filatov A. G. , Shkolnikova M. A. , Shubik Yu. V. , Yashin S. M. 
Published: June 2021

With the participation: All-Russian Scientific Society of Specialists in Clinical Electrophysiology, Arrhythmology and Pacing, Russian Association of Cardiovascular SurgeonsEndorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation