bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Colistin Resistance in Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Reference Broth Microdilution and Comparative Evaluation of Three Other Methods
Authors: Kar Punyatoya , Behera Bijayini , Mohanty Srujana , Jena Jayanti , Mahapatra Ashoka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Challenges in susceptibility testing of colistin along with increase in the prevalence of colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pathogens needs addressal. Evaluation of user-friendly methods is necessary as an alternative to broth microdilution (BMD), the reference susceptibility testing method, for routine implementation in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratories. Genotypic detection of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance is also needed for infection control purposes.
Materials and Methods Colistin susceptibility of 200 nonduplicate clinical CRE isolates from December 2017 to June 2019 was determined by BMD, agar dilution (AD), E test, and rapid polymyxin NP test and interpreted as per the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The results of AD, E test, and NP test were compared with that of BMD, considering minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 2 µg/mL as susceptible and > 2 µg/mL as resistant. Presence of any plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1 and 2) was evaluated in 27 colistin-resistant CRE isolates by polymerase chain reaction.
Statistical Analysis Performance of different phenotypic methods was analyzed by comparing MIC results of AD and E test with that of reference BMD method. Agreement between BMD and the other two methods was expressed in terms of categorical agreement and essential agreement. Errors were expressed as very major error (VME: false-susceptible) and major error (ME: false-resistance) by AD/E test. VME and ME of 3% disagreement were considered unacceptable.
Results Colistin resistance was found in 27 (13.5%) isolates by BMD method. The VME rates of both AD (11%) and E test (37%) could not meet the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendation (< 3% VME rate is acceptable) as alternative tests to the reference BMD. Colistin NP test showed sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 98%, respectively. The percentage discordant result in NP test was highest in Enterobacter spp. (17%). None of the 27 colistin resistant isolates showed presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes.
Conclusion High VME rate in AD and E tests precludes their use as alternatives to BMD for colistin susceptibility testing. NP test with moderate sensitivity but excellent specificity can be a good alternative for testing colistin susceptibility in CRE isolates, except in Enterobacter spp. Absence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 gene necessitates the exploration of other mechanisms of colistin resistance.
Assessment of Iodine Deficiency among School-Going Children of Age Group 6 to 12 Years in Kachchh District, Gujarat State: Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Sharma Dinesh P. , Maheshwari Amitkumar , Chakrabarti Chandan , Patel Darshan J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the cause of preventable brain damage, mental retardation, and stunted growth and development in children. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of IDD in Kachchh district, Gujarat, by testing urinary iodine excretion levels and iodine intake of salts in school-going children.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and the level of iodine deficiency was assessed in 223 school children of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years from four talukas, that is, subdivisions, of the Kachchh district by estimating urinary iodine using Sandell–Kolthoff reaction along with iodine content in edible salt samples by MBI kit (STK-Spot testing kit, MBI Kits International, Chennai, TN, India).
Results The median urinary iodine level was found to be 194 μg/L, indicating no biochemical iodine deficiency in the region. In the study areas, 1% of the population showed a level of urinary iodine excretion < 50 μg/L. About 83% salt samples had iodine level more than 15 ppm and the iodine content in salt samples less than 15 ppm was only about 17%, indicating the salt samples at households contain iodine in adequate level.
Conclusion There is a need of periodic surveys to assess the change in magnitude of IDD with respect to impact of iodized salt intervention.Furthermore, to strengthen National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program, factors should be identified. There is also a need to prevent and reimpose the ban on the sale of noniodized salts in Gujarat.
Understanding the timing of Chinese border incursions into India
Authors: Greene Kevin T. , Tornquist Caroline , Fokkink Robbert , Lindelauf Roy , Subrahmanian V. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince the 1960s China and India have engaged in a dispute about the demarcation of their shared border. This territorial dispute led to a brief war in 1962, and recurring flare-ups over the following decades, including during the summer of 2020. The potential for further escalation of this dispute poses significant risks to Indian and Chinese civilians, US foreign policy objectives, and the stability of the international economic system. Despite the importance of this dispute, there have been relatively few attempts to understand the correlates of Chinese incursions. This paper addresses this important question by leveraging past work on the study of conflicts between states to derive a set of testable explanations about the impact of China–India relations, internal political affairs, international political issues, and domestic economic factors on the likelihood of incursions. The study uses 15 years of original data on monthly Chinese incursions into India along with a monthly dataset containing 18 independent variables, to develop a detailed statistical understanding of the factors that trigger Chinese incursions across the Indian border with a lead time between 1 and 6 months. The quantitative study finds that Chinese incursions are more likely when Chinese leadership is early in their tenure, but more likely when Indian leadership is in the later stages of their tenure. The results also show that closer cooperation between India and the US may trigger additional Chinese incursions into India. Finally, lower consumer confidence in the Chinese economy is consistently related to an increased likelihood of incursions. These findings have implications for the maintenance of peace and India’s national security policies. Periods of Chinese uncertainty, particularly when their economy exhibits weakness and when Chinese leaders are in the early stages of their tenure are more likely to experience incursions. Further, the strengthening of the US–Indian alliance, as well as increased conflict between India and Pakistan, create the potential for an elevated risk of incursions. During these periods India should likely be on higher alert, while India and Indian allies should signal the importance of diplomatic solutions for the dispute.
Selective area growth of cubic gallium nitride on silicon (001) and 3C-silicon carbide (001)
Authors: Meier F. , Protte M. , Baron E. , Feneberg M. , Goldhahn R. , Reuter D. , As D. J. 
Published: July 2021

Selective area growth of cubic gallium nitride is investigated in a plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy setup. 380 μm thick silicon (001) and 10 μm thick 3C-silicon carbide (001), grown on 500 μm silicon (001), were used as substrates and structured with silicon dioxide masks. Selective area growth on silicon and 3C-silicon carbide was tested for both thermal and plasma deposited oxides. Multiple growth series showed that gallium nitride coverage of silicon dioxide vanished at growth temperatures of 870 °C for silicon substrates and at a surface temperature of 930 °C for 3C-silicon carbide substrates. Whereas gallium nitride is grown in its hexagonal form on silicon substrates, phase pure cubic gallium nitride could selectively be grown on the 3C-silicon carbide template. The cubic phase is verified by high resolution x-ray diffraction and low temperature photoluminescence measurements. The photoluminescence measurements prove that gallium nitride condensed selectively on the 3C-silicon carbide surfaces uncovered by silicon dioxide.
Historic and bioarchaeological evidence supports late onset of post-Columbian epidemics in Native California
Authors: Jones Terry L. , Schwitalla Al W. , Pilloud Marin A. , Johnson John R. , Paine Richard R. , Codding Brian F. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThe idea of precipitous continent-wide population decline beginning ca. 1492 has long influenced ecological and social narratives of North America. We analyze the largest systematic dataset of mortality records (n= 33,715 individuals) yet compiled across North America coupling archaeological and historic data to evaluate the nature and timing of Indigenous depopulation in what is now called central California. Findings indicate that mortality risk consistent with a plague-like age-at-death structure began after sustained contact with European invaders ca. AD 1770, suggesting that major depopulation began relatively late in this and possibly other isolated regions of North America. Our analysis does not support a "rebound" in native flora and fauna as a consequence of hypothesized epidemics before the first colonial settlements.
Birds use individually consistent temperature cues to time their migration departure
Authors: Burnside Robert J. , Salliss Daniel , Collar Nigel J. , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Whether migratory populations are preadapted or constrained in responding to global climate change largely depends on which cues individuals use when deciding to start their migration. The identity of these cues is revealed by whether response thresholds are consistent within, but differ between, individuals (“repeatability”). By satellite tracking 48 individuals across multiple migrations, we show that 1) Asian houbara used the environmental cue of local temperature, which was correlated between wintering and breeding grounds, to time their spring migration departure; 2) departure responses to temperature varied between individuals but were individually repeatable; and 3) individuals’ use of temperature as a cue allowed for adaptive population-level change in migration timing, relative to annual variation in spring temperatures.
Direct evidence of a prey depletion “halo” surrounding a pelagic predator colony
Authors: Weber Sam B. , Richardson Andrew J. , Brown Judith , Bolton Mark , Clark Bethany L. , Godley Brendan J. , Leat Eliza , Oppel Steffen , Shearer Laura , Soetaert Karline E. R. , Weber Nicola , Broderick Annette C. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceElucidating the mechanisms that regulate animal populations is a fundamental goal in ecology and is increasingly important at a time of unprecedented anthropogenic disturbance to ecosystems. Here, we present direct evidence of a phenomenon known as “Ashmole’s halo”: a zone of prey depletion that is hypothesized to form around aggregations of central-place foraging predators and is believed to be the principal mechanism regulating populations of many colonially breeding animals. In effect, Ashmole’s halo constitutes rare, visible evidence of the food limitation that naturally limits many predator populations and can be exacerbated by human impacts such as fisheries. Therefore, the large extent of the resource footprint we demonstrate has important implications for conservation of marine food webs at ecologically relevant scales.
Cortical processing during table tennis ‐ an fNIRS study in experts and novices
Authors: Carius Daniel , Kenville Rouven , Maudrich Dennis , Riechel Jan , Lenz Hannes , Ragert Patrick 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAmong the many factors that determine top athletic performance, little is known about the contribution of the brain. With the present study, we aimed to uncover aspects of this role by examining modulatory differences in brain processing as a function of expertise and task complexity in table tennis. For this purpose, 28 right‐handed volunteers (14 experts and 14 novices) performed two table tennis strokes in a standardized manner. Hemodynamic response alterations reflecting neuronal activation were recorded during task execution using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and analyzed within and between groups. Our results showed localized activation patterns in motor areas (primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and inferior parietal cortex (IPC)) for experts and novices. Compared to novices, experts completed more table tennis strokes and showed a significant increase in hemodynamic response alterations in channels corresponding to motor areas. Furthermore, we found significant correlations between the number of strokes and hemodynamic response magnitudes in individual channels of M1, PMC, and IPC. Taken together, our findings show that table tennis performance is accompanied by extensive activation of M1, PMC, and IPC. Furthermore, the observed difference in behavioral performance between experts and novices was associated with increased activation in M1, PMC, and IPC. We postulate that these differences in brain processing between experts and novices potentially imply modulatory distinctions related to increased movement speed or frequency but may also reflect an increased task familiarity of the experts.
Heart rate variability predicts decline in sensorimotor rhythm control
Authors: Nann Marius , Haslacher David , Colucci Annalisa , Eskofier Bjoern , von Tscharner Vinzenz , Soekadar Surjo R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. Voluntary control of sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs, 8–12 Hz) can be used for brain–computer interface (BCI)-based operation of an assistive hand exoskeleton, e.g. in finger paralysis after stroke. To gain SMR control, stroke survivors are usually instructed to engage in motor imagery (MI) or to attempt moving the paralyzed fingers resulting in task- or event-related desynchronization (ERD) of SMR (SMR-ERD). However, as these tasks are cognitively demanding, especially for stroke survivors suffering from cognitive impairments, BCI control performance can deteriorate considerably over time. Therefore, it would be important to identify biomarkers that predict decline in BCI control performance within an ongoing session in order to optimize the man–machine interaction scheme. Approach. Here we determine the link between BCI control performance over time and heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, we investigated whether HRV can be used as a biomarker to predict decline of SMR-ERD control across 17 healthy participants using Granger causality. SMR-ERD was visually displayed on a screen. Participants were instructed to engage in MI-based SMR-ERD control over two consecutive runs of 8.5 min each. During the 2nd run, task difficulty was gradually increased. Main results. While control performance (p = .18) and HRV (p = .16) remained unchanged across participants during the 1st run, during the 2nd run, both measures declined over time at high correlation (performance: −0.61%/10 s, p = 0; HRV: −0.007 ms/10 s, p < .001). We found that HRV exhibited predictive characteristics with regard to within-session BCI control performance on an individual participant level (p < .001). Significance. These results suggest that HRV can predict decline in BCI performance paving the way for adaptive BCI control paradigms, e.g. to individualize and optimize assistive BCI systems in stroke.
Driving Forces and Pressures on Organic Farming of Dragon Fruit : A Part of The DPSIR Analysis Framework
Authors: Ningsih Kustiawati , Sakdiyah Halimatus , Felani Herman , Dwiastuti Rini , Asmara Rosihan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Organic farming is a farming activity that is familiar with the environment. Western agricultural experts define organic farming as the law of return, which means a system that returns all types of organic matter to the soil, both in the form of residues and plant and livestock wastes which then aim to feed the plants. The philosophy is to give food to the soil then the land will provide food for plants (Sutanto, 2002). Organic dragon fruit farming in Pamekasan Regency has been running for 5 years, so the decision of organic farmers is a very important factor in the application of dragon fruit organic farming. There are two indicators that influence farmers’ decisions in applying dragon fruit organic farming, namely driving forces and pressures. The research method used is DPSIR (Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Responses). However, in this study limiting analysis is only an element of Driving Forces and Pressures. The way to retrieve data is by in-depth study or in-depth interviews with 34 organic dragon fruit farmers. The results showed that there were 6 things that became driving forces of farmers’ decisions in implementing dragon fruit organic farming, namely: (1) Unoptimal Use of Agricultural Land, (2) Lack of Irrigation Infrastructure and Management, (3) Lack of Farmers Knowledge about Pest and Disease Management, (4) Low Agricultural Quality due to Excessive Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides, (5) Respondents and Experiences of Organic Dragon Fruit Farming Education Levels are Short Term and (6) Lack of Infrastructure Availability to Support Organic Fruit Farming Fields Dragon. Meanwhile Pressures that influence farmers’ decisions in applying dragon fruit organic farming are: (1) Ability to reduce the use of chemicals, (2) The use of organic matter is still lacking, (3) Lack of effort to prevent soil erosion and ( 4) Lack of awareness to increase land security capacity.
Sustainable Hospitality and Revisit Intention in Tourism Services
Authors: Nugroho I , Hanafie R , Rahayu Y I , Sudiyono  , Suprihana  , Yuniar H R , Azizah R , Hasanah R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hospitality has an important role for the sustainability of tourism services. Efforts to measure the sustainability of hospitality are relevant for dealing with this. This research aims to study the factors related to hospitality and measure the index of hospitality sustainability. The study was conducted at the tourist destination Sumberawan, Singosari district, Malang regency. The study involved 38 students as respondents. Variables of hospitality, invitation, comfort, empathy, satisfaction, and revisit intention were explored through a survey. Path modeling - part least square (PM-PLS) and multi-dimension scale (MDS) is used in the study. The results showed that hospitality is significantly influenced by comfort and empathy. Hospitality also affects satisfaction, and then satisfaction affects revisit intention. Furthermore, satisfaction becomes a mediating relationship between hospitality and revisit intention. All variables included in the category of less sustainable, with a sustainability index of 37.11, 40.84 and 37.57. Five indicators to improve the sustainability index are customers treated kindly, friendly employees, fulfillment of service standards, return visits to tourist sites, and willingness to recommend others.
Discovery Learning with Link Map and Motivation on Calculus
Authors: Marsitin Retno , Rahayu Sesanti Nyamik , Farida Nur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Calculus has a high abstractness so calculus requires the ability to think in solving mathematical problems. Calculus is one of the fields of mathematics that is full of calculations and formulas, so it needs the motivation to be happy and interested in calculus. This study aims to analyze discovery leaning with link maps and learning motivation on calculus. This research is quantitative descriptive with research variables including discovery learning, link maps and academic abilities of students. The study is conducted at Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang with 105 students. The research data is obtained from the results of the students’ academic ability test, the results of student worksheets on discovery learning and link maps and learning motivation with questionnaires. Data analysis uses multiple linear regressions assisted by SPSS. The results show that discovery learning with link maps has a positive effect on students’ academic abilities. In addition, motivation influences on discovery learning with link maps and student academic abilities. If students have high motivation and the ability to find their own concepts, the results of the concept last a long time in students’ memory, the students’ thinking ability and memory of students in understanding mathematical concepts, therefore it can solve mathematics problems better. Discovery learning with link maps gives students better academic abilities.
Analysis of Landslide Mapping With Multicopter in Somangari, Kaligesing, Purworejo, Central of Java
Authors: Suroso Indreswari , Eko Prasetiyo Erwan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Drones are unmanned aircraft, drone function mapping one of them trough landslide. This research was conducted by direct observation in the field, namely Somangari Village, Kaligesing, Purworejo. This area is famous for landslide drone areas and is a concern of Central Java Province. This research uses a multicopter with four propellers. The method used in this study prepare for making a drone, survey area to flood and landslide in Somangari; planning test altitude in the air; calibration drone; taking an aerial photograph in area landslides and then analysis of data then mapping the area in Somangari. This drone can fly with a hight of up to 100 meters and can map an area of 1.5 km. This research with hot weather conditions and wind speeds of around 20 km/hour. Multicopter has the advantage of being stable against wind speed. Drone battery can be used for 20 minutes. Battery capacity is 5000 mAH with camera DJI Phantom. The advantages in this research are that the drone used DJI Phantom has a good camera, the drone is stable so that it can produce good aerial photographs. In Somangari Village, which is famous for areas prone to landslides and floods, has greatly helped the Purworejo Regional Disaster Management Agency and Purworejo Regional Government, Central Java. With the mapping of flood and landslide areas with a multicopter to help the Somangari village government to always be prepared to the rainy season.
Development of Vibration Isolator Magnetorheological Elastomer Based
Authors: Priyandoko G , Suwandono P , Ismail NR , Utomo WM , Ubaidillah  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most of the vibration isolator has fixed stiffness, such as a passive vehicle mounting system. This article presents the development of the adjustable stiffness engine mounting magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based to reduce vibration. The development of MREs vibration isolator is to design of engine mounting first step, for next step is to simulate the electromagnetic circuit. The housing material selection and MREs thickness were considered to provide ample and uniform magnetic fields to change the stiffness. The innovative magnetic circuit design includes the type and size of the wire and the number of turns of the coil to obtain the best magnetic fields to eliminate vibration. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software was used to show the effectiveness of the electromagnetic circuit to generate magnetic fields through the MREs. Finally, the varies current input influence to the MREs vibration isolator is investigated. The higher current input is more useful to eliminate vibration using MREs isolator system.