bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish thinkers of the 20th century. In search of identity – Franz Kafka
Authors: Urban Marek 
Published: November 2021

Franz Kafka’s life and work have been the subject of many research papers. While the interpreters of his works knew that he was a Jew, they did not always fully realize the significance of this fact. Some would treat this issue as a marginal one, failing to see that it was the pivot of his existence and work. Kafka kept wandering about in search of his own identity. As a lost agnostic who “lapsed” from the hand of God, lived without Him in the darkness of atheism and tried to discern His light, Franz Kafka was not really dependent on any specific religious denomination. However, Judaism is so strongly related to the Mosaic revelation – like Christianity is related to Christ’s Revelation – that it cannot be here omitted or forgotten, as this would result in some misunderstandings. In a sense it is impossible to separate the fact of being Jewish from the religion. Kafka’s life, as well as his writing, resulted from his continual reference to the Absolute. There are two worlds far removed from each other: the world of spirit and the world of man. Kafka believed that there is a world of that which is spiritual, absolute, pure, true, unchanging and indestructible – the world devoid of sin, but full of perfection; therefore, there exists that which man tends to encapsulate in the concept of God.
JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS PARA TRATAMENTO DA HEPATITE C NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Acosta Vinholes Bonnia , Thomasi Jahnke Botton Letícia , Hirdes Alice 
Published: November 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar quais motivos levaram as pessoas a buscarem o Poder Judiciário, a fim de obter medicamentos para tratamento da hepatite C. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, no qual foram analisados 235 acórdãos e decisões monocráticas proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos de 2010 e 2020. Os resultados evidenciam que o principal motivo pelo qual as pessoas recorrem ao Judiciário a fim de obter medicamentos para tratamento da hepatite C é a insuficiência de renda, seguido pelo não atendimento aos requisitos do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite C e Coinfecções, ausência de previsão em lista pública de medicamentos, estoque zerado e medicamento requerido sem registro na ANVISA. Os resultados também apontaram que a judicialização da saúde não é um fenômeno adstrito às pessoas de baixa renda; os medicamentos mais requeridos são a Ribavirina, o Interferon, o Sofosbuvir e o Daclatasvir; o percentual de concessão judicial de medicamentos é de 93,6%. Os dados obtidos levam à conclusão de que há necessidade de reavaliação do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite C e Coinfecções, do Plano Nacional de Hepatites Virais e do Plano para Eliminação da hepatite C.
Assessment of COVID-19-Related Genes Through Associative Classification Techniques
Authors: BALIKÇI ÇİÇEK İpek , KAYA Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehmet Onur , ÇOLAK Cemil 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aims to classify COVID-19 by applying the associative classification method on the gene data set consisting of open access COVID-19 negative and positive patients and revealing the disease relationship with these genes by identifying the genes that cause COVID-19.
Method: In the study, an associative classification model was applied to the gene data set of patients with and without open access COVID-19. In this open-access data set used, 15979 genes are belonging to 234 individuals. Out of 234 people, 141 (60.3%) were COVID-19 negative and 93 (39.7%) were COVID-19 positives. In this study, LASSO, one of the feature selection methods, was performed to choose the relevant predictors. The models' performance was evaluated with accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score.
Results: According to the study findings, the performance metrics from the associative classification model were accuracy of 92.70%, balanced accuracy of 91.80%, the sensitivity of 87.10%, the specificity of 96.50%, the positive predictive value of 94.20%, the negative predictive value of 91.90%, and F1-score of 90.50%.
Conclusion: The proposed associative classification model achieved very high performances in classifying COVID-19. The extracted association rules related to the genes can help diagnose and treat the disease.
Nowe przepisy dotyczące faktur korygujących in minus – uproszczenie rozliczania VAT dla podatników?
Authors: Majszczyk Hanna 
Published: November 2021

Główną tezą artykułu jest wskazanie, że wprowadzone z dniem 1 stycznia 2021 r. zmiany w przepisach o podatku od towarów i usług w zakresie obniżenia podstawy opodatkowania i wystawiania faktur korygujących in minus, wbrew przyjętym założeniom nie prowadzą do uproszczenia rozliczania podatku od towarów i usług – zwłaszcza po stronie nabywcy towarów i usług.
Nieprecyzyjność niektórych przepisów może prowadzić do zaburzenia pewności prawa i jego spójnej wykładni. Nowe rozwiązania mogą też prowadzić do zaburzenia symetryczności obciążenia podatkiem obu stron transakcji – termin dokonania korekty podstawy opodatkowania przez sprzedawcę nie jest skorelowany z obowiązkiem korekty podatku naliczonego przez nabywcę.
Clinical Presentation of Foramen Magnum Meningioma Masqueraded by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Bahrami Eshagh , Parvaresh Mansour , Fattahi Arash , Farzan Abdolnaser , Kazemi Foad 
Published: November 2021

Case:
Meningioma is the second most common intracranial tumor. We present 2 cases of foramen magnum meningioma (FMM) that was first operated on with the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Conclusion:
During the diagnostic assessment of CTS and recalcitrant CTS, a more proximal etiology of nerve compression should be considered, including FMM. If a more proximal cause of nerve dysfunction is suspected, cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging may be beneficial to evaluate a patient for spinal etiology.
Bilateral Pedicle Fractures at Contiguous Segments in a Low Trauma Setting
Authors: Piple Amit S , Keyes David C , Carmouche Jonathan J 
Published: November 2021

Case:
A 74-year-old patient with a history of osteoporosis presented with a 2-month history of lower back pain after low-energy trauma. Imaging revealed bilateral subacute L4 and L5 pedicle fractures—the first reported case of this low-energy mechanism of bilateral contiguous-segment pedicle fractures.

Conclusion:
Bilateral pedicle fractures have infrequently been reported in the literature. There have been a few reports of bilateral pedicle fractures because of isolated osteoporosis, and these have all been single level. The current report presents an unusual fragility fracture pattern that can be conservatively managed.
Treatment of Infected Nonunion of Distal Radius with Concurrent Distal Radioulnar Joint Disruption
Authors: K. M. Ponnanna , Shah Rahul Hemant 
Published: November 2021

Case:
A 37-year-old farmer presented with previously operated open type 2 infected nonunion of distal radius. A wrist-spanning external fixator was applied after implant removal, debridement, and postoperative antibiotics for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks' follow-up, a volar locking plate and bone grafting for the gap nonunion over distal radius and the modified Sauve-Kapandji procedure for distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) were performed. The patient had excellent results at 3 years' follow-up.

Conclusion:
Distal radius nonunion with disrupted DRUJ can be treated with internal fixation, and the modified Sauve-Kapandji technique provided thorough debridement is performed.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Residency Program Social Media Utilization
Authors: Holderread Brendan M. , Liu Jonathan , Wininger Austin E. , Harris Joshua D. , Liberman Shari R. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented challenge for orthopaedic surgery residency applicants when away rotations were canceled and interviews were held virtually. The authors hypothesized that (1) Instagram would have more total social media accounts compared with Twitter or Facebook, (2) most social media accounts on all platforms would be created during 2020, and (3) the average number of Instagram followers would be higher among highly ranked programs.

Methods:
A list of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs (n = 202) that were ranked by reputation was acquired from Doximity. Public Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter profiles of orthopaedic surgery residency programs were identified through a manual search. Variables assessed on each social media platform were all available summary statistics provided by the social media platform. Instagram accounts were categorized into 5 tiers based on numeric reputation ranking, with 40 programs in each tier (except tier 5 with 42 programs). Descriptive statistics were calculated, and continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Goodness-of-fit regression values were calculated for observed trends.

Results:
One-hundred seventy-four social media accounts were identified. There was a higher percentage of Instagram accounts (66.1%) compared with Facebook (13.2%) or Twitter (20.7%). From 2010 to 2020, an exponential increase (R2 = 0.88) of social media accounts was observed during 2020. Instagram profiles (77.2%, 98/115 [95 in 2020, 3 in 2021]) were created after the cancelation of away rotations in May 2020. Instagram profiles had 1,029 ± 522.4 average followers, more than Facebook and Twitter. Tier 1 residency programs had the largest average follower count with 1,462.4 ± 584.3 followers.

Conclusion:
Social media presence increased exponentially during 2020. Instagram was the social media platform with the most accounts. Many Instagram accounts were created during 2020, and most were created after away rotations were canceled during the COVID-19 pandemic. Instagram accounts averaged the most followers. Top tier orthopaedic residency programs had a greater number of accounts and average followers than lower tier programs.
Dinámica territorial de pandemia COVID-19 en la provincia de Córdoba Argentina
Authors: Buffalo Luciana , Rydzewski Ana Laura 
Published: November 2021

En este artículo, se analiza la distribución de casos en el territorio de la provincia de Córdoba Argentina, entre marzo y noviembre del 2020, en relación a las políticas implementadas de aislamiento y flexibilización articulados con las prácticas sociales con incidencia en la circulación de la enfermedad. En la provincia de Córdoba, la enfermedad ha seguido un patrón variable en términos temporales, pero con similitudes espaciales asociadas a características territoriales que actúan como condicionantes y a políticas públicas de restricción de actividades productivas y movilidad, que repercutieron en la dinámica de la pandemia. El diseño metodológico de análisis espacial, se realizo a partir de un sistema de información geográfica basado en el uso de software libre (Qgis) que permitió trabajar con la localización de casos covid positivos, su temporalidad y al mismo tiempo asociar ese análisis, con información cualitativa y cuantitativa de las características del territorio provincial (áreas comerciales, situación demográfica, características socio económicas de la población, instituciones para adultos mayores, entre otras). El análisis realizado, acompañado de cartografía témporo-espacial permitió generar información para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito público en tiempo real, articulando el conocimiento geográfico con la epidemiología y la estadística aplicada a la salud.
Genetic Variability and Association Among Bulb Yield and Yield Related Traits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Genotypes at Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
Authors: Bebela Bayisa Kabe , Yusuf Zekeria , Petros Yohannes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most important Allium species next to onion (Allium cepa L. in the world and from Africa, Ethiopia is ranked second most garlic produce next to Egypt. It is one of the most important vegetable crops in Ethiopia and is used as a component of food, cash and has also a tremendous use in the formulation of local medicines. Among abiotic factors affecting garlic production and productivity using garlic genotype which is susceptible for different biotic and abiotic agents contributed huge yield loss in agriculture center. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted to assess the genetic variability in garlic genotypes, to determine association among traits and estimate the direct and indirect effects of traits on bulb yield. The field evaluation of 34 genotypes and 2 released varieties (G-HL and Chefe) was conducted in 6x6 Triple Lattice Design at Bishoftu Agricultural Research Center during January 2020 to May 2020. Results of analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences among genotypes for 18 traits. The variation observed among genotypes for bulb yield ranged from 43.80 to 147.20 kg ha-1. The six genotypes had mean performances higher than the highest performing check variety (G-HL=99.5Kg ha-1). Generally, the results of this study showed the presence of variations among genotypes for agro-morphology traits with a wide range of genetic distances that could allow selection and/or hybridization of genotypes after the results of this study are confirmed across locations and over the years.
Sharing the effort of the European Green Deal among countries
Authors: Steininger Karl , Williges Keith , Meyer Lukas , Maczek Florian , Riahi Keywan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In implementing the Green Deal to align with the Paris Agreement, the EU has increased its climate ambition and is currently negotiating how the increased mitigation effort should be distributed among Member States. Such partitioning of targets among subsidiary entities is becoming a major challenge for implementation of climate policies around the globe. We contrast the recent EU Commission proposal - an ad-hoc decision based on a singular country attribute - with transparent and reproducible methods based on three ethical principles. We go beyond traditional effort-sharing literature and explore allocations representing an aggregated least regret compromise between different country perspectives. While the current EU proposal represents a nuanced compromise for many countries, for others a further redistribution could be considered equitable. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach for the necessary modifications to the effort sharing targets for 2030 among EU Member States.
Comprehensive and Clinically Accurate Head and Neck Organs at Risk Delineation via Stratified Deep Learning: A Large-scale Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Guo Dazhou , Ge Jia , Ye Xianghua , Yan Senxiang , Xin Yi , Song Yuchen , Huang Bing-shen , Hung Tsung-Min , Zhu Zhuotun , Peng Ling , Ren Yanping , Liu Rui , Zhang Gong , Mao Mengyuan , Chen Xiaohua , Lu Zhongjie , Li Wenxiang , Yuzhen Chen , Huang Lingyun , Xiao Jing , Harrison Adam , Lu Le , Lin Chien-Yu , Jin Dakai , Ho Tsung-Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate organ at risk (OAR) segmentation is critical to reduce the radiotherapy post-treatment complications. Consensus guidelines recommend a set of more than 40 OARs in the head and neck (H&N) region, however, due to the predictable prohibitive labor-cost of this task, most institutions choose a substantially simplified protocol by delineating a smaller subset of OARs and neglecting the dose distributions associated with other OARs. In this work we propose a novel, automated and highly effective stratified OAR segmentation (SOARS) system using deep learning to precisely delineate a comprehensive set of 42 H&N OARs. SOARS stratifies 42 OARs into anchor, mid-level, and small & hard subcategories, with specifically derived neural network architectures for each category by neural architecture search (NAS) principles. We built SOARS models using 176 training patients in an internal institution and independently evaluated on 1327 external patients across six different institutions. It consistently outperformed other state-of-the-art methods by at least 3-5% in Dice score for each institutional evaluation (up to 36% relative error reduction in other metrics). More importantly, extensive multi-user studies evidently demonstrated that 98% of the SOARS predictions need only very minor or no revisions for direct clinical acceptance (saving 90% radiation oncologists workload), and their segmentation and dosimetric accuracy are within or smaller than the inter-user variation. These findings confirmed the strong clinical applicability of SOARS for the OAR delineation process in H&N cancer radiotherapy workflows, with improved efficiency, comprehensiveness, and quality.
Efficacy and safety of systemic treatment combined with local consolidative radiation therapy to primary tumor and all oligometastatic sites for elderly patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaolong , Li Hongqi , Liu Hefei , Kang Xiaoli , Wang Xuan , Pang Haifeng , Liu Chen , Zhang Jianchun , Wang Yingjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective Our objective is to implement local consolidative radiation therapy (LCRT) to the primary tumors and all oligometastatic sites in elderly patients with synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC and evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety.Patients and Methods All patients were older than 65 years at initial diagnosis and had pathologically confirmed NSCLC with a total of less than or equal to 5 metastases through imaging diagnosis. LCRT to the primary tumors and all oligometastatic sites to evaluate its OS, PFS, and toxicity.Results A total of 115 elderly patients with synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC (≤ 5 metastases) were enrolled, including 33 elderly patients who received LCRT to the primary tumors and all oligometastatic sites (all-LCRT group), 38 elderly patients who received LCRT to either primary tumor or oligometastatic sites (part-LCRT group) and 44 elderly patients did not receive any LCRT (non- LCRT group). The median follow-up time was 34 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 months for all-LCRT group, 9 months for part-LCRT group, and 6 months for non-LCRT group (p<0.001). The median overall survival (OS) in All-LCRT group, Part-LCRT group, and non-LCRT group was 28 months, 21 months, and 13 months, respectively (p<0.001). The survival differences among the three groups reached statistical significance for the survival analyses. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that LCRT for primary tumor (HR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.12-0.36, p<0.001), good ECOG PS (HR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.33-0.79, p=0.003), T1-2 stage (HR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.37-0.93, p=0.023), and peripheral lung cancer (HR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.41-0.97, p=0.036) were independent prognostic factors for better OS. Most patients experienced grade 1-2 toxicity, very few had grade 3 toxicity, no grade 4 or higher toxicity occurred, and no treatment-related death occurred.Conclusion Elderly patients with synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC were treated with LCRT to the primary tumors and all oligometastatic sites, which may improve their survival with tolerable toxicity.
A case of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia with a novel mutation in the LDLRAP1 gene
Authors: Nikasa Parisa , Rabbani Bahareh , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid , Firouzi Ata , Baharvand Hossein , Totonchi Mehdi , Mahdieh Nejat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a rare monogenic disorder resulting from mutations of the LDLRAP1 gene, which leads to elevated LDL-C levels. Here, using whole exome sequencing (WES), we describe a 22-year-old Iranian female who carries a novel nonsense mutation in LDLRAP1. Methods: Genetic investigations were performed for the patient and her family. She showed LDL-C level of 720 mg/dL since the age of 11 years. At the age of 13 years old, aortic valve repair surgery was performed due to severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS). At the age of 17, along with prescription of rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, coronary angiography displayed the presence of serious stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries and also aortic valve, making the patient eligible for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AVR). Results: Genetic analysis showed the presence of a previously unreported homozygous LDLRAP1 gene variant, c.649G>T, generating a nonsense mutation at amino acid 217, shortening the ARH protein from 308 to 217 amino acid, which removes AP-2 binding domain of ARH, as an important part in LDL uptake.Conclusion: During a 10-year treatment, we observed a 74% reduction in LDL-C level. Despite the treatment with maximal dose of rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, the results of coronary angiography demonstrated severe supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) resulted in significant stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries and aortic valve. This highlights the importance of WES in early diagnosis of ARH, and it is proposed to prevent or at least delay the onset of the cardiovascular events.
An emerging coral disease outbreak decimated Caribbean coral populations and reshaped reef functionality
Authors: Alvarez-Filip Lorenzo , González-Barrios F. , Pérez-Cervantes Esmeralda , Molina-Hernandez Ana , Estrada-Saldívar Nuria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Diseases are major drivers of the deterioration of coral reefs, linked to major declines in coral abundance, reef functionality, and reef-related ecosystems services1-3. An outbreak of a new disease is currently rampaging through the populations of the remaining reef-building corals across the Caribbean region. The outbreak was first reported in Florida in 2014 and reached the northern Mesoamerican reef by summer 2018, where it spread across the ~ 450-km reef system only in a few months4. Rapid infection was generalized across all sites and mortality rates ranged from 94% to < 10% among the 21 afflicted coral species. This single event further modified the coral communities across the region by increasing the relative dominance of weedy corals and reducing reef functionality, both in terms of functional diversity and calcium carbonate production. This emergent disease is likely to become the most lethal disturbance ever recorded in the Caribbean, and it will likely result in the onset of a new functional regime where key reef-building and complex branching acroporids (a genus apparently unaffected) will once again become conspicuous structural features in reef systems with yet even lower levels of physical functionality.