bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning via GEO communication satellites’ signals of opportunity
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Zhao Xian , Wang Shanhe , Xiang Yu , Huang Changjiang , Hua Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInherent vulnerabilities seriously weaken global navigation satellite system service capability, particularly in hostile environments where electronic jamming, blocking, and deception can occur. A new positioning technique is proposed that is based on navigation via signals of opportunity using communication satellites as a supplement and backup for GNSS. Based on the principle of very long baseline interferometry, the proposed technique observes communication satellites passively without demodulated satellite signals, realises time delay measurements, and then completes target positioning. In the positioning principle of this technique, the signal receiving scheme is formulated, and then the received signal model is established. We improved the signal processing scheme of very long baseline interferometry measurement technology, researched the time delay measurement estimation algorithm, and then analysed and verified the measurement performance using simulations. Finally, this approach was tested using geostationary Earth orbit communication satellites, for which the measured delay was obtained to verify the positioning performance. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the proposed technique is <20 m, verifying the feasibility and positioning performance of this approach.
Polarity relevance in flux-rope trajectory deflections triggered by coronal holes
Authors: Sahade A. , Cécere M. , Costa A. , Cremades H. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Many observations suggest that coronal holes (CHs) are capable of deviating the trajectory of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) away from them. However, for some peculiar events, the eruption has been reported to be initially pulled towards the CH and then away from it.
Aims. We study the interaction between flux ropes (FRs) and CHs by means of numerical simulations, with the ultimate goal being to understand how CHs can deviate erupting CMEs/FRs from purely radial trajectories.
Methods. We perform 2.5D magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of FRs and CHs interacting under different relative polarity configurations. In addition, we reconstruct the 3D trajectory and magnetic environment of a particular event seen by the STEREO spacecraft on 30 April 2012, whose trajectory initially departed from the radial direction toward the CH but later moved away from it.
Results. The numerical simulations indicate that at low coronal heights, depending on the relative magnetic field polarity between FR and CH, the initial deflection is attractive, that is, the FR moves towards the CH (case of anti-aligned polarities) or repulsive, where the FR moves away from the CH (case of aligned polarities). This is likely due to the formation of vanishing magnetic field regions or null points located between the FR and CH (case of anti-aligned polarities) or at the other side of the FR (case of aligned polarities). The analysed observational event shows a double-deflection compatible with an anti-aligned configuration of magnetic polarities, which is supported by SDO observations. We successfully reproduce the double deflection of the observed event by means of a numerical simulation.
The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study
Authors: England Rory , Peirce Nicholas , Torresi Joseph , Mitchell Sean , Harland Andy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses
informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse
a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify
potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might
in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a
non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen
percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to
play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to
interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation
to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between
participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two
opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory
droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential
fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further
opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from
touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential
interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified,
evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface
transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites,
suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater
risk in cricket.
Volume Reduction: Which Dose is Sufficient to Retain Resistance Training Adaptations in Older Women?
Authors: Antunes Melissa , Kassiano Witalo , Silva Analiza M. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Ribeiro Alex S. , Costa Bruna , Cunha Paolo M. , Júnior Paulo Sugihara , Cyrino Letícia T. , Teixeira Denilson C. , Sardinha Luís B. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe compared the effects of different resistance training (RT) volume reduction strategies on muscular strength and lean soft-tissue (LST) in older women. Fifty-seven physically independent women (>60 years) performed a 20-week pre-conditioning phase of a standardized whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, 8–12 repetitions, three sessions a week), and were then randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: reduced volume for a single set (RV1, n=20) or two sets (RV2, n=19), or maintained volume of three sets (MV, n=18) for 8 weeks (specific training phase). Muscular strength in the chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises was determined by one-repetition maximum tests. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device was used to estimate LST. An increase in muscular strength (16.3–32.1%) and LST (3.2–7.9%) was observed after the pre-conditioning phase. There was an increase in chest press for all groups (9.4–16.7%) after the specific training phase. In contrast, only MV increased significantly in the leg extension (4.4%). No between-group differences were revealed for LST in the specific training phase. Our results suggest that reduced RT volume from three to one set per exercise for 8 weeks seems sufficient to retain neuromuscular adaptations in older women.
Telomere Length, SIRT1, and Insulin in Male Master Athletes: The Path to Healthy Longevity?
Authors: Aguiar Samuel S. , Rosa Thiago S. , Neves Rodrigo V. P. , Leite Patrício L. A. , Maciel Larissa A. , Gutierrez Sara D. , Rosa Erica C. , Andrade Rosângela V. , Degens Hans , Korhonen Marko T. , Lewis John E. , Simões Herbert G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLower SIRT1 and insulin resistance are associated with accelerated telomere shortening. This study investigated whether the lifestyle of master athletes can attenuate these age-related changes and thereby slow aging. We compared insulin, SIRT1, and telomere length in highly trained male master athletes (n=52; aged 49.9±7.2 yrs) and age-matched non-athletes (n=19; aged 47.3±8.9 yrs). This is a cross-sectional study, in which all data were collected in one visit. Overnight fasted SIRT1 and insulin levels in whole blood were assessed using commercial kits. Relative telomere length was determined in leukocytes through qPCR analyses. Master athletes had higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomere length than age-matched non-athletes (p<0.05 for all). Insulin was inversely associated with SIRT1 (r=−0.38; p=0.001). Telomere length correlated positively with SIRT1 (r=0.65; p=0.001), whereas telomere length and insulin were not correlated (r=0.03; p=0.87). In conclusion, master athletes have higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. Furthermore, SIRT1 was negatively associated with insulin and positively associated with telomere length. These findings suggest that in this sample of middle-aged participants reduced insulin, increased SIRT1 activity, and attenuation of biological aging are connected.
Abdominal Adiposity in Collegiate Football Linemen: A Study of Race and
Position
Authors: Blue Malia N.M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Brewer Gabrielle J. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmerican football linemen are at an increased risk for developing obesity-related
diseases. This study evaluated the impact of race and position on abdominal fat (visceral
adipose tissue and android fat percentage) in football linemen. Thirty-four offensive and
defensive linemen (%fat: 27.1±7.2%) completed a total body dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry scan to estimate visceral fat and android fat percentage. Participants were
stratified by race [Black: n=23; White: n=11] and position (Offense: n=18; Defense: n=16).
Two separate two-way ANOVA tests [race × position] were completed. For visceral adipose
tissue, there was no interaction (p=0.056), but there was an effect of race (Black:
0.57±0.34 kg; White: 1.51±0.56 kg; p <0.001) and position (Offense: 1.22±0.60 kg;
Defense: 0.49±0.34 kg; p<0.001). For android fat percentage, there was no interaction
(p=0.855) or race effect (Black: 31.5±11.3%; White: 40.9±8.6%; p=0.123); there was a
position effect (Offense: 42.1±5.6%; Defense: 26.0±9.9%; p<0.001). Offensive linemen,
regardless of race, had greater visceral adipose tissue and android fat percent compared
to defensive linemen. White linemen had greater visceral adipose tissue, regardless of
position. These results suggest football linemen, especially offensive linemen with
increased abdominal adiposity, may benefit from tracking metabolic health during their
collegiate career to mitigate obesity-related disease risk once retired from sport.
Process Development of a Copper(II)-Catalyzed Dehydration of an N-Acyl Prolinal Oxime: Cascade Process and Application at an Elevated Lab Scale
Authors: Gröger Harald , Nonnhoff Jannis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChiral N-acyl amino nitriles are important structural motifs in several pharmaceuticals such as Vildagliptin or Saxagliptin. Cyanide-free access to such nitriles is provided by a copper-catalyzed dehydration of oximes, which are readily available by condensation of chiral aldehydes resulting from the chiral pool with hydroxylamine. The application in a cascade process without the need for intermediate purification as well as a demonstrated scalability show the robustness of this methodology.
Influenza A as a Common Viral Cause of Complex Febrile Seizures
Authors: Esen Feyza Husrevoglu , Secilmis Yılmaz , Dogan Murat , Tubas Filiz , Esen Aydın , Bayram Ayse , Gökahmetoglu Selma , Ozturk Mehmet Adnan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective The most common childhood convulsive disorder happens to be febrile seizure (FS), which is an important health problem leading to economic burden and parental anxiety. Further investigation into the etiological causes of FS will guide us for appropriate measures during the follow-up period. The aim of study was to identify the percentage of viral and bacterial pathogens in the etiological causes of children with FS, and also if there is any difference between simple and complex FSs.Methods This prospective study randomly enrolled 100 pediatric patients with FS between January 2017 and July 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all children at presentation. The respiratory panel was performed with a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method to detect the 21 most common viruses. A complete blood count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, blood culture, throat culture, urine analyses, urinary culture, and stool tests analysis were performed in all the patients.Results During the study period, at least one virus was detected in 87% of patients. Bacterial agents were detected in only 13% of patients. Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens were found in 24% of patients. The most frequently detected virus was influenza A (Inf A) (18%), followed by rhinovirus (12%). Coinfections of the viruses and bacterial pathogens, mixed viral infections, and Inf A were common in children who experienced complex FS. Inf A was detected in 16% of patients with simple FSs and 30% of patients with complex FSs and a significant difference between them (p < 0.01).Conclusion The results of this study showed that respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens are important in the etiology of FS in children. It is considered that complex FSs may be triggered by Inf A. The fact is viral pathogens are very common; therefore, antibiotics must be carefully prescribed. These results also draw attention to the use of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the prevention of FS related to the flu.
Predicting Parameters for Audiological Complications in Pediatric Patients Affected by Meningitis
Authors: Bozzola Elena , Spina Giulia , Marsella Pasquale , Scorpecci Alessandro , Mascolo Cristina , Salvatori Martina , Roversi Marco , Villani Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective Meningitis is one of the most common causes of acquired sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. The aim of this study was to identify parameters predicting long-term audiological complications in meningitis.Methods Patients under 18 years admitted to the Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital between March 2001 and February 2019 with a diagnosis of meningitis entered the study. Audiological complications had been investigated during hospitalization and at follow-up.Results During the study period, 425 patients were enrolled. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in 48 patients (11.3%). Multivariate analysis has shown that female gender predisposes to the development of permanent hearing loss after meningitis. Hearing impairment was associated with pneumococcal etiology (p < 0.001), lethargy (p = 0.027), reduced cerebrospinal fluid glucose level (26.18 mg/dL, p = 0.004), increase in both C-reactive protein (17.77 mg/dL, p = 0.001), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (106.3 mm/h, p = 0.004). At follow-up, 19 patients had a persisting hearing damage, 7 recovered their hearing capacity and 20 were lost to follow-up. Among patients with permanent hearing damage, treatment was necessary in 16 patients. In details, 6 patients required external hearing aids and 10 patients required a cochlear implant.Conclusions Female gender, lethargy at onset, reduced cerebrospinal fluid glucose level, increased inflammation index, and pneumococcal etiology are correlated with sensorineural hearing damage in meningitis patients.
Current Concepts in Capsular Contracture: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Management
Authors: Safran Tyler , Nepon Hillary , Chu Carrie K. , Winocour Sebastian , Murphy Amanda M. , Davison Peter G. , Dionisopolos Tassos , Vorstenbosch Joshua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver 400,000 women in the United States alone will have breast implant surgery each year. Although capsular contracture represents the most common complication of breast implant surgery, surgeons continue to debate the precise etiology. General agreement exists concerning the inflammatory origin of capsular fibrosis, but the inciting events triggering the inflammatory cascade appear to be multifactorial, making it difficult to predict why one patient may develop capsular contracture while another will not. Accordingly, researchers have explored many different surgical, biomaterial, and medical therapies to address these multiple factors in an attempt to prevent and treat capsular contracture. In the current paper, we aim to inform the reader on the most up-to-date understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of capsular contracture.
Potential Risk Factors for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Implantation in Paediatric Patients with Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity Treated with Subcutaneous Reservoir: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Bębenek Adam K. , Kwiatkowski Stanisław , Milczarek Olga 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) is a result of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). IVH occurs in 6 to 23% of the preterms in countries with advanced medical health care. Most of these patients will eventually require the use of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). The purpose of this study is to assess the risk factors of VPS implantation in patients with PHHP who have been treated with ventricular catheter with subcutaneous reservoir (VCSR).
Methods The retrospective study was conducted evaluating 35 premature patients who suffered from severe IVH. Their mean gestational age was 28 weeks. The assessment included antenatal factors such as gestational age, birth weight, and intrauterine and perinatal infection. Postparturient period factors such as the IVH grade, time between diagnosis, and VCSR implantation and body weight on VCSR implantation were also considered in the study. Postprocedural complications, such as bacterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection, sepsis, and skin lesions, were evaluated. Data were calculated with R program, version 4.04.
Results From among 35 evaluated patients, 23 (65.71%) required a VPS. Median of birth weight was 1,190 g. Infections were observed in 11 (31.43%) cases. Mean time between IVH diagnosis and VCSR implantation was 2.6 weeks. Postprocedural complications occurred in 19 (54.29%) patients. None of the evaluated factors has proven its statistical significance (p > 0.05) for being a potential risk factor for VPS implantation.
Conclusion External factors seem to not affect the necessity of VPS implantation in patients after the severe IVH. Ostensibly, there seems to be no difference between the grades III and the IV of Papile's IVH scale regarding VPS implantation necessity.
Accurate prediction of hydration free energies and solvation structures using molecular density functional theory with a simple bridge functional
Authors: Borgis Daniel , Luukkonen Sohvi , Belloni Luc , Jeanmairet Guillaume 
Published: July 2021

This paper assesses the ability of molecular density functional theory to predict efficiently and accurately the hydration free energies of molecular solutes and the surrounding microscopic water structure. A wide range of solutes were investigated, including hydrophobes, water as a solute, and the FreeSolv database containing 642 drug-like molecules having a variety of shapes and sizes. The usual second-order approximation of the theory is corrected by a third-order, angular-independent bridge functional. The overall functional is parameter-free in the sense that the only inputs are bulk water properties, independent of the solutes considered. These inputs are the direct correlation function, compressibility, liquid–gas surface tension, and excess chemical potential of the solvent. Compared to molecular simulations with the same force field and the same fixed solute geometries, the present theory is shown to describe accurately the solvation free energy and structure of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solutes. Overall, the method yields a precision of order 0.5 kBT for the hydration free energies of the FreeSolv database, with a computer speedup of 3 orders of magnitude. The theory remains to be improved for a better description of the H-bonding structure and the hydration free energy of charged solutes.
Acoustic shielding and interaction effects for strongly heated supersonic twin jets
Authors: Pineau P. , Bogey C. 
Published: July 2021

The effects of jet interactions and acoustic shielding on the noise of strongly heated supersonic twin jets are studied using large-eddy simulations. For that purpose, one single jet and three twin jets separated by distances of 2, 2.4, and 2.8 jet diameters are considered at a Mach number of 3.1 and a stagnation temperature of 2000 K. The twin jets interact and merge near the end of their potential cores at a position that is shifted downstream when the nozzle spacing increases. For larger nozzle spacing, the turbulence rates in the plane containing the jets are higher whereas those in the jet midplane are lower. In the near pressure field, the overall acoustic power radiated by the twin jets is lower than that for two non-interacting single jets, which indicates that some of the sound sources are weakened by jet interactions. A maximum noise reduction of 2 dB is reached in the jet plane, where the acoustic waves produced by one jet are shielded by the other one. Despite the overall noise reduction, some noise components are stronger for the twin jets, suggesting that they generate additional interaction noise. This is the case for the broadband shock-associated noise component and for the noise radiated at low polar angles in the jet midplane. The intensity of interaction noise increases with the nozzle spacing and varies with the turbulence rates in the inner shear layers at the axial position where the twin jets interact.
Theorising translation as a process of ‘cultural repatriation’
Authors: Pasmatzi Kalliopi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article scrutinises instances where translation corresponds to what I call ‘cultural repatriation’, through the examination of two Anglophone novels about the Greek civil war and their transfer into Greece. Translation as repatriation concentrates on works which are, effectively, repatriated into their original context and made vulnerable to its aesthetic and socio-ideological encounters. The translation of Gage’sEleni(1983a) and de Bernières’sCaptain Corelli’s Mandolin(1994) into Greek constitutes cultural repatriation as cultural representations in the works are constructed through a ‘foreign gaze’ and rendered problematic upon transfer. Within this context, I examine how specific strategies in the promotion, translation, and consumption of these works challenge or reinforce hegemonic versions and narrative modes of the historical narrative and lead to a renegotiation of the cultural categories constructed in them. Methodologically, the article combines Bourdieu’s sociology and narrative theory creating a robust framework for the study of cultural repatriation.
Spatiotemporal stability of periodic travelling waves in a heteroclinic-cycle model
Authors: Hasan Cris R , Osinga Hinke M , Postlethwaite Claire M , Rucklidge Alastair M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study a rock–paper–scissors model for competing populations that exhibits travelling waves in one spatial dimension and spiral waves in two spatial dimensions. A characteristic feature of the model is the presence of a robust heteroclinic cycle that involves three saddle equilibria. The model also has travelling fronts that are heteroclinic connections between two equilibria in a moving frame of reference, but these fronts are unstable. However, we find that large-wavelength travelling waves can be stable in spite of being made up of three of these unstable travelling fronts. In this paper, we focus on determining the essential spectrum (and hence, stability) of large-wavelength travelling waves in a cyclic competition model with one spatial dimension. We compute the curve of transition from stability to instability with the continuation scheme developed by Rademacher et al (2007 Physica D 229 166–83). We build on this scheme and develop a method for computing what we call belts of instability, which are indicators of the growth rate of unstable travelling waves. Our results from the stability analysis are verified by direct simulation for travelling waves as well as associated spiral waves. We also show how the computed growth rates accurately quantify the instabilities of the travelling waves.