bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-space observations of 60-nm skyrmion dynamics in an insulating magnet under low heat flow
Authors: Yu Xiuzhen , Kagawa Fumitaka , Seki Shinichiro , Kubota Masashi , Masell Jan , Yasin Fehmi , Nakajima Kiyomi , Nakamura Masao , Kawasaki Masashi , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermal-current induced electron and spin dynamics in solids –dubbed “caloritronics” – have generated widespread interest in both fundamental physics and spintronics applications. Here, we examine the dynamics of nanometric topological spin textures, skyrmions, driven by a temperature gradient or heat flow. The heat-flow-drive skyrmion dynamics are evaluated through in-situ real-space observations in an insulating helimagnet Cu2OSeO3. We observe increases of the skyrmion velocity and the Hall angle with increasing T above a critical value of ~ 13 mK/mm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the T required to drive ferromagnetic domain walls, in agreement with theoretical predictions. A comparable magnitude of T is also observed to move the domain walls between a skyrmion domain and the non-topological conical-spin domain from cold to hot regions. Our results demonstrate the efficient manipulation of skyrmions by temperature gradients, a promising step towards energy-efficient “green” spintronics.
Smart and real time image dehazing on mobile devices
Authors: Cimtay Yucel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Haze is one of the common factors that degrades the visual quality of the images and videos. This diminishes contrast and reduces visual efficiency. The ALS (Atmospheric light scattering) model which has two unknowns to be estimated from the scene: atmospheric light and transmission map, is commonly used for dehazing. The process of modelling the atmospheric light scattering is complex and estimation of scattering is time consuming. This condition makes dehazing in real-time difficult. In this work, a new approach is employed for dehazing in real-time which reads the orientation sensor of mobile device and compares the amount of rotation with a pre-specified threshold. The system decides whether to recalculate the atmospheric light or not. When the amount of rotation is little means there are only subtle changes to the scene, it uses the pre-estimated atmospheric light. Therefore, the system does not need to recalculate it at each time instant and this approach accelerates the overall dehazing process. 0.07s fps (frame per second) per frame processing time (~15fps) is handled for 360p imagery. Frame processing time results show that our approach is superior to the state-of-the-art real-time dehazing implementations on mobile operating systems.
Enhancement of Biogas Production from Mixed Organic Substrates Containing Cow Manure and Delignified Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) by Addition of Effective Microorganism - 4
Authors: Sumantri Indro - , Kusnadi Peter - , Handoyo I. Gelbert Reinaldo , Kumoro Andri Cahyo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There have been continuous efforts to find environmentally benign energy to cope steady increase of global energy needs. The spent coffee ground (SCG) is one of agricultural wastes that can be utilized as a raw material to produce biogas. This study aims to produce biogas from mixture of organic substrate containing cow manure and spent coffee ground (SCG) with a C/N ratio of 25:1 with the addition of effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4) to enhance biogas production. The biodegradations were performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) at ambient environment. The variables used of this research were pH (5, 7, and 9) and the loading of EM-4 (6, 9, and 12%). The digestions were run for 60 days and the volumes of biogas produced were measured every two days. The results showed that the addition of EM-4 was able to initiate biogas production earlier, enhance biogas volume, and extend biogas production end time. The best digestion condition for substrate containing cow manure and SCG with a C/N ratio of 25:1 was found to be at pH 9 and EM-4 loading of 9% to obtain 11.28 mL biogas/g COD with enhancement of biogas production of about 100.2 %. The experimental data was fitted really well by the modified Gompertz equation as shown by a high determination coefficient (R2 > 0.95).
WITHDRAWN: Hetero - Gate Oxide Dual Metal Vertical Tunnel FET
Authors: Karmakar Priyanka , Sahu P K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Silicon based Vertical Dual metal Double gate Tunnel FET (Si-VDMDGTFET) has been proposed and simulated in Sentaurus TCAD tool with improved DC and analog/RF characteristics. The vertical In-line tunneling dominates in the proposed device which results in better subthreshold slope (SS). The vertical in-line tunneling tunes the tunneling barrier and eventually controls the ON current. The dual metal gate and the heterogeneous gate stack oxide within the proposed device design gives the mouldability for controlling and improving the DC characteristics such as ON current, OFF current. The analog/RF behaviour of the proposed device has been calculated and compared with conventional lateral Silicon based dual metal double gate Tunnel FET furthermore it is seen that the proposed device outperforms the conventional lateral device.
Biological Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Gymnema Sylvestre Potentially Produces Toxicity in Breast Cancer Cells -MCF-7
Authors: Santhoshkumar Murali , Balupillai Agilan , David Ernest 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To study the biological fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Gymnema sylvestre and their toxicity to breast cancer cells MCF-7.In the existing work, ZnO NPs were synthesized using leaf extract of the Indian medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre and it was characterized by Particle size, Zeta potential, FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses.This ZnO NPs to have potentially validated anticancer role in breast cancer cells MCF-7 in vitro approach.The plant-based synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated against the inhibitory role on breast cancer cell lines. We significantly observed that ZnO-NPs induce efficient toxicity of MCF-7 cells by increasing ROS, mitochondrion membrane damage and apoptotic morphological alterations. These results stated that ZnO-NP induces Bax and Caspases and down-regulates Bcl-2 proteins in MCF-7 cells. Thus, the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs were identified as good performance to inhibit breast cancer cell growth even at low concentrations.
Prevalence and factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse among women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda
Authors: TUGUME RODGERS , Lugobe Henry Mark , Kato Paul Kalyebara , Kajabwangu Rogers , Kanyesigye Hamson , Masembe Sezalio , Kayondo Musa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To determine the prevalence, clinical stage at presentation and factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Uganda.
Methods

We conducted a cross sectional study at the gynecology outpatient clinic of MRRH from September 2019 to January 2020. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse.
Results

Of 338 participants enrolled, the prevalence of POP was 27.5% (n = 93). POP stages were: stage I 11.8% (n = 11), stage II 63.4% (n = 59), stage III 16.1% (n = 15) and stage IV 8.9% (n = 8). Grand-multiparity (aOR 17.1, 95% CI: 1.1–66.6), birth weight more than 3.5kg (aOR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.1–12.6), perineal tears (aOR 6.5, 95% CI: 2.1–20.2), peasant farmer (aOR 6.9, 95% CI: 1.6–29.9) and duration of labour in the first delivery > 24 hours (aOR 5.7, 95% CI: 1.2–29) were significantly associated with POP.
Survival, growth and photochemical efficiency of silver fir seedlings produced with different technologies
Authors: Robakowski Piotr , Pietrzak Tomasz , Kowalkowski Wojciech , Małecki Grzegorz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Forest tree seedling production technologies impact reforestation success determined with survival and quality of seedlings. Five Abies alba seedling production technologies were tested: (1) bare-root seedling, three years in the open (3/0); (2) bare-root seedling, two years under a shading net (40 % of full light), a year in the open (2/g); (3) ball root seedling, two years under a shading net (40 %), a year in the open (2/K); (4) bare-root seedling grown in an opening in a Norway spruce stand (3/Pic); (5) bare-root seedling, three years under Scots pine canopy (3/Pin). Silver fir seedlings acclimatized their growth rates to the common growing environment in relation to the seedling production technology used in the nurseries. The height and diameter at root collar were positively correlated with survival. The 3/Pic seedlings manifested the lowest survival and were lower than other seedlings in terms of height and photochemical efficiency. The needle photochemistry of seedlings growing two years in plantation was determined by their earlier acclimation to the nursery light conditions. The production technology determined the ability of A. alba seedlings to acclimatize to the natural environment. Ball root seedlings grown two years in shade and a year in the open (2/K) acclimatized better to the full light environment compared with bare-root seedlings produced in canopy shade, and they are likely more suitable to be planted after clearcutting.
Embryonic trophectoderm secretomics reveals chemotactic migration and intercellular communication of endometrial and circulating MSCs in embryonic implantation
Authors: Calle Alexandra , Toribio-Serrano Víctor , Yáñez-Mó María , Ramírez Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Embryonic implantation is a key step in the establishment of pregnancy. In the present work, we have carried out an in-depth proteomic analysis of the secretome (extracellular vesicles and soluble proteins) of two bovine blastocysts embryonic trophectoderm primary cultures (BBT), confirming different epithelial-mesenchymal transition stages in these cells. BBT-secretomes contain early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic proteins both as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction. We have demonstrated the functional transfer of protein-containing secretome between embryonic trophectoderm and maternal MSC in vitro using two BBT primary cultures and 8 endometrial MSC (eMSC) and 5 peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) lines. We observed that eMSC and pbMSC chemotax to both the soluble fraction and EVs of the BBT secretome. In addition, in a complementary direction, we found that the pattern of expression of implantation proteins in BBT-EVs changes depending on: i) their epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype; ii) as a result of the uptake of eMSC- or pbMSC-EVs previously stimulated or not with embryonic signals (IFN-τ), and iii) because of stimulation with endometrial cytokines present in the uterine fluid in the peri-implantation period.
Simulation Machining of Hardened Gear Shaping and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Zhonghou , He Zhongyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Existing simulation processing methods are difficult to obtain the tooth surface that is close to the actual processing. This paper proposes a high-precision simulation processing method for hard tooth surface gearing. Through the establishment of a high-precision cutter and tooth blank geometric model, analysis of the kinematics principle and meshing relationship between the cutter and tooth blank, combined with the functions of rotation, translation and Boolean operation in the 3D software, the high-precision shaping simulation processing of hardened gears is realized. By measuring the normal distance between the standard involute and the gear tooth profile, the tooth surface error analysis is completed. The simulation model is reconstructed, and the models are analyzed by finite element method (FEM) respectively, and the effectiveness of the method in this paper is verified by comparing the analysis results.
Assessing the Relative Role of Climate and Human Activities on Vegetation Cover Changes in the Up-down Stream of Danjiangkou, China
Authors: Liu Hai , Yuan Hongmeng , Zheng Liang , Zhang Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Danjiangkou Reservoir is water source of Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project, research on the dynamic changes in vegetation cover and its influencing factors is of great significance for understanding the ecological environment of the water diversion area and formulating protection measures. In this study, The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to analyze the dynamic changes and influencing factors of vegetation in the upstream and downstream of Danjiangkou Dam from 1982 to 2018. The results show that the NDVI shows an upward trend of 0.017 year-1 (P < 0.05), and the significantly increased area is located near the valley upstream of the dam, while the significantly decreased area is mainly distributed in the basin downstream of the dam and around the central city. The comprehensive contributions of climate and human activity factors to NDVI changes were 92.03% and 7.97%, respectively. The human activities in the upstream of the dam are mainly reflected in the ecological measures such as returning farmland to forest; the human activities at the downstream of the dam are mainly reflected in urban expansion, occupation of cultivated land and forest land by construction land.
Use of Intranasal Analgesia in Military Setting: a French Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: MONTAGNON Romain , CUNGI Pierre-Julien , MORAND Gabriel , DESMOTTES Jérôme , PASQUIER Pierre , TRAVERS Stéphane , AIGLE Luc , DUBECQ Christophe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background For military physicians, practice in tactical and austere environments, particularly during deployments, requires optimized pain management. Several recent studies have shown a definite interest in the intranasal (IN) route for analgesia. Few published series show efficacy and variable times of action depending on the drug used (ketamine, sufentanil and fentanyl), with exceptional side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the medical practice of the French Military Health Service (FMHS) physicians.Methods We carried out a declarative and multicentric survey from January 15, 2020, to April 14, 2020. The surveyed population was the physicians of the FMHS, 727 working in medical units and 55 in emergency departments (EDs) in France and overseas. Results In all, 259 responses were collected, giving a 33% return rate; 77.6% of physicians reported being familiar with the IN route for analgesia. However, only 18.4% had already used it. Physicians trained in emergency medicine and assigned to highly operational units were more familiar with this route and used it more frequently. The most common drug used was ketamine (51%). Finally, 90% of respondents expressed an interest in training and use of intranasal analgesia. ConclusionsIf a majority of physicians from the FMHS are familiar with IN analgesia, only few use it in practice. Therefore, specific training is suitable to improve this knowledge and homogenize guidelines. Having been the subject of numerous studies in progress in civilian and military medicine, the IN route seems to be a promising solution for remote and austere environments.
A remixed-fermentation technique for the simultaneous bioconversion of corncob C6 and C5 sugars to probiotic Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ma Xutong , Xu Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The probiotic strain of Bacillus subtilis presents a promising application potential for the value-added bio-utilization of lignocellulosic carbohydrates. By the combined acidolysis pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, hemicellulose and cellulose constituents of corncob were efficiently converted respectively into fermentable C5 and C6 sugars, mainly including xylose and glucose. B. subtilis grew well in xylose solution while it was hindered completely in the acidolysis broth because of the bio-toxicity of degraded chemicals derived from corncob. A mixed-fermentation technique was therefore developed and performed to blend the acidolysis broth and enzymatic hydrolysis slurry together, by which C5 and C6 sugar molecules were successfully fermented and efficiently utilized for the growth of B. subtilis cells with a yield of 0.33 g cells/g sugar consumed. A net amount of 186.1 ± 0.9 g of B. subtilis powder was obtained from 1000 g of corncob that could improve the economic benefits of the process to around 5–7 times.
Friction stir processing of austenitic stainless steel cold spray coating deposited on 304L stainless steel substrate: feasibility study
Authors: Perard Thomas , Sova Alexey , Robe Hugo , Robin Vincent , Zedan Yasser , Bocher Philippe , Feulvarch Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work the feasibility test of friction stir processing (FSP) of 1.5 mm thick austenitic stainless steel cold spray coating deposited on 304L stainless steel substrate was performed using tungsten carbide tool. Applied FSP parameters (advance speed 50 mm/min, rotation speed 300 rpm, axial force 20 kN, tilt angle 1.5°) allowed to perform FSP treatment with a higher depth than the coating thickness. As a result, the material mixing at the coating/substrate interface was observed. The microstructure observation revealed that the coating microstructure in the stir zone was significantly modified. EBSD analysis confirmed that full material recrystallization during FSP allowed to formation of dense and uniform fine-grain structure with the mean grain size 1.9 mm. Average coating microhardness was decreased from 406 HV to 299 HV. Further FSP parameters optimization should be carried out in order to improve the process reliability and avoid any coating failure during treatment.
Community Participatory Learning and Action Cycle Groups to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (DClare): Study Protocol for a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: King Carina , Pires Malini , Ahmed Naveed , Akter Kohenour , Kuddus Abdul , Copas Andrew , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Morrison Joanna , Nahar Tasmin , Shaha Sanjit Kumer , Khan AK Azad , Azad Kishwar , Fottrell Edward 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn estimated 463 million people globally have diabetes, with the prevalence growing in low-and middle-income settings, such as Bangladesh. Given the need for context appropriate interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the “Diabetes: Community-led Awareness, Response and Evaluation” (D:Clare) trial will rigorously evaluate the replication and scale-up of a participatory learning and action (PLA) cycle intervention in Bangladesh, to inform policy on population-level T2DM prevention and control. MethodsThis is a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated process and economic evaluations, conducted from March 2020 – September 2022. The trial will evaluate a community-based four-phase PLA cycle intervention focused on prevention and control of T2DM implemented over 18-months, against a control of usual care. Twelve clusters will be randomly allocated (1:1) to implement the intervention at project month 1 or 12. The intervention will be evaluated through three cross-sectional surveys at months 1, 12 and 24. The trial will be conducted in Alfadanga upazila, Faridpur district, with an estimated population of 120,000. Clusters are defined as administrative geographical areas, with approximately equal populations. Each of the six unions in Alfadanga will be divided into two clusters, forming 12 clusters in total. Given the risk of inter-cluster contamination, evaluation surveys will exclude villages in border areas. Participants will be randomly sampled, independently for each survey, from a population census conducted in January 2020. The primary outcome is the combined prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia and T2DM, measured through fasting and 2-hour post glucose load blood tests. A total of 4680 participants provides 84% power to detect a 30% reduction in the primary outcome, assuming a baseline of 30% and ICC of 0.07. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat, comparing intervention and control periods across all clusters, adjusting for geographical clustering. DiscussionThis study will provide further evidence of effectiveness for community-based PLA to prevent T2DM at scale in a rural Bangladesh setting. However, we encountered several challenges in applying the step-wedged design to our research context, with particular consideration given to balancing seasonality, timing and number of steps and estimation of partial versus full effect. Trial registrationISRCTN42219712 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN42219712). Registration date: 31/10/2019.
Age at menarche, age at natural menopause and risk of rheumatoid arthritis – a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Niu Zheng , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Padyukov Leonid , Jiang Xia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Hormonal reproductive factors have been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting primarily women. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study examining three relevant exposures, age at menarche (AAM), age at natural menopause (ANM) and age at first birth (AFB) with the risk of RA.Methods We collected summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS conducted in AAM (N=329,345), ANM (N=69,360), AFB (N=251,151) and RA (Ncase=14,361, Ncontrol=43,923), all of European ancestry. We constructed strong instruments using hundreds of exposure-associated genetic variants and estimated causal relationship through different MR approaches including an inverse-variance weighted method, an MR-Egger regression and a weighted-median method. We conducted a multivariable MR to control for pleiotropic effect acting in particular through obesity and socioeconomic status. We also performed important sensitivity analyses to verify model assumptions.Results We did not find any evidence in support for a causal association between genetically predicted reproductive factors and risk of RA (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.06 [0.98-1.15]; ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.05 [0.98-1.11], OR per-SD increment in AFB=0.85 [0.65-1.10]). Results remained consistent after removing palindromic SNPs (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.06 [0.97-1.15], ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.05 [0.98-1.13], ORper-SD increment in AFB=0.81 [0.61-1.07]) or excluding SNPs associated with potential confounding traits (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.03 [0.94-1.12], ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.04 [0.95-1.14]). No outlying instrument was identified through the leave-one-out analysis.Conclusions Our MR study does not convincingly support a casual effect of reproductive factors, as reflected by age at menarche, age at menopause and age at first birth, on the development of RA. Despite the largely augmented set of instruments we used, these instruments only explained a modest proportion of phenotypic variance of exposures. Our knowledge regarding this topic is still insufficient and future studies with larger sample size should be designed to replicate or dispute our findings.