bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SN 2019yvq Does Not Conform to SN Ia Explosion Models
Authors: Tucker M. A. , Ashall C. , Shappee B. J. , Vallely P. J. , Kochanek C. S. , Huber M. E. , Anand G. S. , Keane J. V. , Hsiao E. Y. , Holoien T. W.-S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present new photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2019yvq, a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) exhibiting several peculiar properties including an excess of UV/optical flux within days of explosion, a high Si ii velocity, and a low peak luminosity. Photometry near the time of first light places new constraints on the rapid rise of the UV/optical flux excess. A near-infrared spectrum at +173 days after maximum light places strict limits on the presence of H or He emission, effectively excluding the presence of a nearby nondegenerate star at the time of explosion. New optical spectra, acquired at +128 and +150 days after maximum light, confirm the presence of [Ca ii] λ7300 and persistent Ca ii NIR triplet emission as SN 2019yvq transitions into the nebular phase. The lack of [O i]

λ
6300

emission disfavors the violent merger of two C/O white dwarfs (WDs) but the merger of a C/O WD with a He WD cannot be excluded. We compare our findings with several models in the literature postulated to explain the early flux excess including double-detonation explosions, 56Ni mixing into the outer ejecta during ignition, and interaction with H- and He-deficient circumstellar material. Each model may be able to explain both the early flux excess and the nebular [Ca ii] emission, but none of the models can reconcile the high photospheric velocities with the low peak luminosity without introducing new discrepancies.
Expanded Atmospheres and Winds in Type I X-Ray Bursts from Accreting Neutron Stars
Authors: Guichandut Simon , Cumming Andrew , Falanga Maurizio , Li Zhaosheng , Zamfir Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We calculate steady-state models of radiation-driven super-Eddington winds and static expanded envelopes of neutron stars caused by high luminosities in type I X-ray bursts. We use flux-limited diffusion to model the transition from optically thick to optically thin, and include effects of general relativity, allowing us to study the photospheric radius close to the star as the hydrostatic atmosphere evolves into a wind. We find that the photospheric radius evolves monotonically from static envelopes (r
ph ≲ 50–70 km) to winds (r
ph ≈ 100–1000 km). Photospheric radii of less than 100 km, as observed in most photospheric radius expansion bursts, can be explained by static envelopes, but only in a narrow range of luminosity. In most bursts, we would expect the luminosity to increase further, leading to a wind with photospheric radius ≳100 km. In the contraction phase, the expanded envelope solutions show that the photosphere is still ≈1 km above the surface when the effective temperature is only 3% away from its maximum value. This is a possible systematic uncertainty when interpreting the measured Eddington fluxes from bursts at touchdown. We also discuss the applicability of steady-state models to describe the dynamics of bursts. In particular, we show that the sub- to super-Eddington transition during the burst rise is rapid enough that static models are not appropriate. Finally, we analyze the strength of spectral shifts in our models. Expected shifts at the photosphere are dominated by gravitational redshift, and are therefore predicted to be less than a few percent.
The Hipparcos–Gaia Catalog of Accelerations: Gaia EDR3 Edition
Authors: Brandt Timothy D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a cross-calibration of Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3 intended to identify astrometrically accelerating stars and to fit orbits to stars with faint, massive companions. The resulting catalog, the EDR3 edition of the Hipparcos–Gaia Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA), provides three proper motions with calibrated uncertainties on the EDR3 reference frame: the Hipparcos proper motion, the Gaia EDR3 proper motion, and the long-term proper motion given by the difference in position between Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3. Our approach is similar to that for the Gaia DR2 edition of the HGCA but offers a factor of ∼3 improvement in precision thanks to the longer time baseline and improved data processing of Gaia EDR3. We again find that a 60/40 mixture of the two Hipparcos reductions outperforms either reduction individually, and we find strong evidence for locally variable frame rotations between all pairs of proper motion measurements. The substantial global frame rotation seen in DR2 proper motions has been removed in EDR3. We also correct for color- and magnitude-dependent frame rotations at a level of up to ∼50 μas yr−1 in Gaia EDR3. We calibrate the Gaia EDR3 uncertainties using a sample of radial velocity standard stars without binary companions; we find an error inflation factor (a ratio of total to formal uncertainty) of 1.37. This is substantially lower than the position-dependent factor of ∼1.7 found for Gaia DR2 and reflects the improved data processing in EDR3. While the catalog should be used with caution, its proper motion residuals provide a powerful tool to measure the masses and orbits of faint, massive companions to nearby stars.
Predicting Localized Primordial Star Formation with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Wells Azton I. , Norman Michael L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigate applying 3D deep convolutional neural networks as fast surrogate models of the formation and feedback effects of primordial stars in hydrodynamic cosmological simulations of the first galaxies. Here, we present the surrogate model to predict localized primordial star formation; the feedback model will be presented in a subsequent paper. The star formation prediction model consists of two submodels: the first is a 3D volume classifier that predicts which (10 comoving kpc)3 volumes will host star formation, followed by a 3D Inception-based U-net voxel segmentation model that predicts which voxels will form primordial stars. We find that the combined model predicts primordial star-forming volumes with high skill, with F
1 > 0.995 and true skill score (TSS) >0.994. The star formation is localized within the volume to ≲53 voxels (∼1.6 comoving kpc3) with F
1 > 0.399 and TSS >0.857. Applied to simulations with low spatial resolution, the model predicts star-forming regions in the same locations and at similar redshifts as sites in resolved full-physics simulations that explicitly model primordial star formation and feedback. When applied to simulations with lower mass resolution, we find that the model predicts star-forming regions at later redshift due to delayed structure formation resulting from lower mass resolution. Our model predicts primordial star formation without halo finding, so it will be useful in spatially under-resolved simulations that cannot resolve primordial star-forming halos. To our knowledge, this is the first model that can predict primordial star-forming regions that match highly resolved cosmological simulations.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Rheumatology Practice in Latin America
Authors: Fernández-Ávila Daniel G. , Barahona-Correa Julián , Romero-Alvernia Diana , Kowalski Sergio , Sapag Ana , Cachafeiro-Vilar Antonio , Meléndez Belia , Santiago-Pastelín Carlos , Palleiro Daniel , Arrieta Dina , Reyes Gil , Pons-Estel Guillermo J. , Then-Báez Jossiell , Ugarte-Gil Manuel F. , Cardiel Mario H. , Colman Nelly , Chávez Nilmo , Burgos Paula I. , Montúfar Rubén , Sandino Sayonara , Fuentes-Silva Yurilis J. , Soriano Enrique R. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on Latin American rheumatologists from a professional, economic, and occupational point of view.MethodsWe conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey sent to rheumatologists of each non–English-speaking country member of the Pan American League of Rheumatology Associations (PANLAR). A specific questionnaire was developed.ResultsOur survey included 1097 rheumatologists from 19 Latin American countries. Median (IQR) age of respondents was 48 (40–59) years and 618 (56.3%) were female. Duration of practice since graduation as a rheumatologist was 17 years, and 585 (53.3%) were aged < 50 years. Most rheumatologists worked in private practice (81.8%) and almost half worked in institutional outpatient centers (55%) and inpatient care (49.9%). The median number of weekly hours (IQR) of face-to-face practice before the pandemic was 27 (15–40) hours, but was reduced to 10 (5–20) hours during the pandemic. Telehealth was used by 866 (78.9%) respondents during the pandemic. Most common methods of communication were video calls (555; 50.6%), telephone calls (499; 45.5%), and WhatsApp voice calls (423; 38.6%). A reduction in monthly wages was reported by 946 (86.2%) respondents. Consultation fees also were reduced and 88 (8%) rheumatologists stated they had lost their jobs. A reduction in patient adherence to medication was reported by nearly 50% of respondents. Eighty-one (7.4%) rheumatologists received a COVID-19 diagnosis and 7 (8.6%) of them were hospitalized.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped rheumatology practice in Latin America and has had a profound effect on rheumatologists’ behaviors and clinical practice.
Outcomes of Care Among Patients With Gout in Europe: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: te Kampe Ritch , Jansen Tim L. , van Durme Caroline , Janssen Matthijs , Petersen Gudula , Boonen Annelies 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess health- and patient-centered outcomes in gout across Europe, and explore patient-, care-, and country-level characteristics associated with these outcomes.MethodsPatients with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout from 14 European countries completed an online survey. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic and linear regressions were computed for health outcomes (gout flare recurrence) and patient-centered outcomes (patient satisfaction with current medication, and unaddressed goals), accounting for clustering within countries. The role of patient-, care-, and country-level factors was explored.ResultsParticipants included 1029 patients, predominantly diagnosed by a general practitioner (GP). One or more gout flares were reported by 70% of patients and ≥ 3 flares by 32%. Gout patients reported 1.1 ± 1.2 unaddressed goals, and 80% were satisfied with current medication. Patients with ≥ 3 and ≥ 1 flares were less likely to be treated with urate-lowering therapy (ULT) (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39–0.70 and OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28–0.53, respectively), but more likely to have regular physician visits (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.79–3.22 and OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.30–2.41). Three or more gout flares were also associated with lower satisfaction (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.28–0.56) and more unaddressed goals (β 0.36, 95% CI 0.19–0.53). Notwithstanding, the predicted probability of being satisfied was still between 57% and 75% among patients with ≥ 3 flares but who were not receiving ULT. Finally, patients from wealthier and Northern European countries more frequently had ≥ 3 gout flares.ConclusionAcross Europe, many patients with gout remain untreated despite frequent reported flares. Remarkably, a substantial proportion of them were still satisfied with gout management. A better understanding of patients’ satisfaction and its role in physicians’ gout management decisions is warranted to improve quality of care and gout outcomes across Europe.
Autonomisme contre provincialisme, l’échec d’une décentralisation éducative sous Vichy : le Comité consultatif de Bretagne (1942-1944)
Authors: Michel Youenn 
Published: June 2021

Le Comité consultatif de Bretagne correspond à une expérience de décentralisation inspirée par l’idéologie provincialiste. L’expérience n’est pas isolée, puisqu’on observe parallèlement dans le Sud-Ouest la constitution d’un réseau regroupant universitaires, spécialistes des traditions populaires, notables régionalistes et cadres du régime. Mais la synergie ne se réalise pas en Bretagne, notamment du fait de la présence d’activistes autonomistes qui cherchent la prise de contrôle des institutions scolaires. D’où le paradoxe : le Comité consultatif de Bretagne ne cesse de discréditer les fonctionnaires de Vichy auquel il doit sa légitimité. L’analyse de cet échec montre qu’il existe dans les années 1940 un horizon d’attente pluriel en faveur d’une décentralisation qui rompe avec la doctrine de la III e République.
Pour une entreprise à toute épreuve
Authors: Pigneur Yves , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2021

Comment certaines entreprises réussissent-elles à traverser le temps malgré les turbulences économiques et les besoins changeants des consommateurs ? Quels outils ont-elles adoptés pour pérenniser ou pour réinventer leur modèle d’affaires ? Tour d’horizon de ce que pourrait être une entreprise invincible.
Renouveau et rupture d’isolement au cœur du retour
Authors: Boily Caroline 
Published: June 2021

Quinze mois, est-ce assez long pour que de profonds changements puissent s’enraciner au sein d’une entreprise ? Avec la pandémie qui semble s’essouffler, les organisations préparent ou entament leur retour à la normale. À quoi ressemblera ce retour après une pause aux allures de grande cassure ? La « nouvelle normalité » sera bien différente de l’ancienne, disent de nombreux dirigeants. Et c’est tant mieux !
Perturbation des chaînes de valeur mondiales : quelles leçons pouvons-nous tirer de la pandémie ?
Authors: Van Assche Ari , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2021

La pandémie de COVID-19 n’a pas seulement bouleversé nos vies et fragilisé l’économie : elle a aussi bousculé les chaînes de valeur mondiales, exposant du même coup certaines de leurs faiblesses. Mais ces faiblesses sont-elles vraiment à l’origine des pénuries de biens essentiels que nous avons connues au printemps 2020 ? Retour sur les événements et analyse.
On a lu pour vous – Faire la morale aux robots, de Martin Gibert
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam 
Published: June 2021

Imaginez une machine super-intelligente, capable de s’améliorer elle-même de façon exponentielle. En soi, cette idée incite à prendre au sérieux le concept d’éthique des algorithmes, c’est-à-dire une manière de programmer les machines ou les robots en fonction de principes moraux. Questionnements vertigineux !
La nécessaire praxis de la pensée et du dialogue critiques en classe
Authors: Daniel Marie-France 
Published: June 2021

Dans ce texte, je m’appuierai sur les thèses des philosophes pragmatistes de l’éducation, ainsi que sur des résultats de recherche empiriques pour présenter la notion de pensée critique et je soulèverai des questionnements issus de la littérature scientifique : la pensée critique est-elle un produit ou un processus ? Son développement suppose-t-il des apprentissages réversibles ou non ? Quels sont les obstacles au développement d’une telle pensée ? Etc. Finalement, je présenterai des distinctions entre des éléments associés aux compétences discursives, notamment la narration, la conversation, la discussion, le dialogue simple et critique.
Les opérations intellectuelles des élèves et la perception de l’enseignante dans trois discussions à visée philosophique en classe de CP
Authors: Lebas-Fraczak Lidia 
Published: June 2021

Partant des postulats des psycholinguistes quant aux bienfaits de l’interaction verbale et de la discussion pour le développement intellectuel de l’enfant, nous avons entrepris une analyse de trois discussions à visée philosophique (DVP) en classe de cours préparatoire (CP) afin d’étudier les traces linguistiques des raisonnements mis en œuvre. Notre analyse a permis, tout d’abord, de confirmer un fort degré d’interactivité de ces discussions, se manifestant par le fait que les élèves reprennent systématiquement des éléments des contributions d’autres élèves. Cela montre que ces discussions ne consistent pas simplement dans un « échange » d’idées apportées individuellement par les élèves mais plutôt dans une « co-construction » d’idées ou d’arguments. Notre étude a en outre permis d’observer que cette construction collective passe par des opérations intellectuelles variées telles que l’analyse, la synthèse, la généralisation, l’intégration, ou, tout au moins, la consolidation d’une idée sélectionnée parmi celles formulées auparavant. Cependant, l’analyse des interventions de l’enseignante montre qu’elle ne perçoit pas toujours la nature interactive des énoncés des élèves et les raisonnements sous-jacents, certains propos lui paraissant comme plus ou moins incohérents par rapport à la discussion ou comme simplement répétitifs. Après une illustration des différentes opérations intellectuelles observées, nous nous penchons sur quelques cas de décalage entre l’activité discursive et intellectuelle des élèves et la perception de l’enseignante. Le but n’étant pas de postuler la nécessité de la reconnaissance par les enseignants de toutes les opérations intellectuelles pouvant apparaître dans une DVP, mais de les sensibiliser à la variété de ces opérations ainsi qu’à une possible valeur intellectuelle cachée des énoncés des élèves.
Culture et formation de l’esprit chez K. Popper et J.S. Bruner
Authors: Firode Alain 
Published: June 2021

Bruner se réfère fréquemment à Popper et sa fameuse théorie du « monde 3 » pour établir le rôle déterminant que joue, selon lui, l’univers culturel et social dans le processus de formation de l’esprit. En dépit de cet accord affiché, les thèses brunériennes s’écartent toutefois sur plusieurs points importants des analyses poppériennes. Ces divergences proviennent, d’une part, de ce que Bruner rejette la conception réaliste et logiciste du monde symbolique que propose pour sa part Popper. Le psychologue, d’autre part, institue une dualité structurelle, inconciliable avec les principes de l’épistémologie poppérienne, entre la logique narrative du récit et la logique argumentative de l’hypothèse. De là découlent deux théories distinctes de la formation de l’esprit, présentant chacune des implications pédagogiques différentes.
Workload and Noncontact Musculoskeletal Injury in Collegiate Swimmers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pollen Travis R. , Ebaugh David , Warren Meghan , Milner Clare E. , Taylor Jennifer A. , Silfies Sheri P. 
Published: June 2021

Context
Swimmers are known for experiencing high training loads and a high incidence of overuse injuries, but few researchers have investigated the relationship between the two at the collegiate level.

Objective
To determine the association between workload and noncontact musculoskeletal injury in collegiate swimmers.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
College natatorium.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 37 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III swimmers, 26 uninjured (age = 19 years [interquartile range = 3 years], height = 175 ± 11 cm, mass = 70.2 ± 10 kg) and 11 injured (age = 19 years [interquartile range = 3 years], height = 173 ± 9 cm, mass = 69.4 ± 13.5 kg) individuals.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for injury relative to high workloads and high acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWRs). Injury rates for several ranges of workloads and ACWRs were also calculated.

Results
A total of 11 participants (29.7%) sustained 12 injuries, with 7 injuries occurring during the participants' winter training trip. Injury was associated with high acute workloads (OR = 27.1; 95% CI = 8.2, 89.8) and high ACWRs (OR = 25.1; 95% CI = 7.7, 81.4) but not high chronic (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 0.3, 20.0) or overall (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.01) workloads. High acute workloads (&gt;37.2 km/wk) and ACWRs (&gt;1.56) increased the injury rate from ≤1% to 15% and 14%, respectively, compared with all lower acute workloads and ACWRs.

Conclusions
Collegiate swimmers tolerated high workloads spread out during the season. However, caution should be used when prescribing high acute workloads and high ACWRs (eg, winter training trip) because of the increased odds of injury.
Pathological Evaluation of Osteolytic Bone Lesions
Authors: Jain Parul , Dasgupta Senjuti , Bhattacharyya Nirmal Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the osteolytic lesions of bone reported at the department of pathology in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective study over a period of 7 years from February 2013 to January 2020. Entirely osteosclerotic lesions were excluded from our study. The lesions were classified as nonneoplastic lesions, benign lesions, tumor like lesions and malignant lesions.

Results:
Over 7 years, 147 cases of osteolytic lesions of bone were reported. Of these, 36.1% were malignant lesions. The most common sites of osteolytic lesions were the femur (n = 46), tibia (n = 24), and humerus (n = 20). The most frequent histological diagnosis was of giant cell tumor (GCT) (n = 31), followed by chronic osteomyelitis (n = 19) and osteosarcoma (n = 17). The most frequent benign neoplasm was GCT and osteosarcoma was the predominant malignant lesion. Relatively uncommon lesions like adamantinoma were also reported.

Conclusions:
Malignant neoplasms are the most common osteolytic lesions. Bones of the extremities are the most frequent sites of involvement by both benign and malignant tumors. In addition to radiological correlation, a thorough knowledge of the age, sex, site of the common bone lesions is required for a correct histopathological diagnosis so that proper treatment can be instituted. Most of these lesions do not require immunohistochemistry for diagnosis. The possibility of rare tumors presenting at a given age and at a particular site is to be considered.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Eranthemum Pulchellum (Blue Sage) Aqueous Leaves Extract
Authors: Prakash Jai , Shekhar Himanshu , Yadav Shyam Raj , Dwivedy Abhishek Kumar , Patel Vijay Kumar , Tiwari Shikha , Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Nanoparticles modulate several physiochemical and biological properties. In this regard, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown remarkable applications. The present research work comprises green synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaves extract of Eranthemum pulchellum and evaluation of its efficacy as antifungal and antioxidant agents.

Methods:
Synthesized AgNPs have been characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaves extract of E. pulchellum and FTIR spectrum of the synthesized AgNPs suggest about the presence of different phytochemicals and functional groups, respectively, which are responsible for reducing silver ions as well as capping and stabilizing synthesized nanoparticles.

Results:
The wavelength of maximum absorbance of AgNPs solution near to 439 nm indicates the spherical morphology. XRD infers about average crystalline size of the synthesized AgNPs to be ~12 nm. Selected area electron diffraction pattern of the synthesized AgNPs shows four visible diffraction rings corresponding to (111), (200), (220), and (311) set of planes which are attributed to face centered cubic metallic silver. The size and spherical shape of the synthesized AgNPs have been further determined by TEM. The synthesized AgNPs have shown a significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-NS7) strain with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 200 μg/mL. The synthesized AgNPs have also shown strong antioxidant efficacy through Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay with IC50 value of 462.56 μg/mL.

Conclusions:
The present study shows a green and facile synthesis of AgNPs. Leaves extract of E. pulchellum has been first time utilized as efficient reductant for the AgNPs synthesis. These AgNPs have shown potent antifungal and antioxidant activity.