bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications
Authors: Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Kanchi Suvardhan , Inamuddin  , Altalhi Tariq A 
Published: January 2021

Background::
While significant strides have been made to avoid mortality during the treatment of chronic
diseases, it is still one of the biggest health-care challenges that have a profound effect on humanity. The development of
specific, sensitive, accurate, quick, low-cost, and easy-to-use diagnostic tools is therefore still in urgent demand.
Nanodiagnostics is defined as the application of nanotechnology to medical diagnostics that can offer many unique
opportunities for more successful and efficient diagnosis and treatment for infectious diseases.

Methods::
In this review we provide an overview of infectious disease using nanodiagnostics platforms based on
nanoparticles, nanodevices for point-of-care (POC) applications.

Results::
Current state-of-the-art and most promising nanodiagnostics POC technologies, including miniaturized
diagnostic tools, nanorobotics and drug delivery systems have been fully examined for the diagnosis of diseases. It also
addresses the drawbacks, problems and potential developments of nanodiagnostics in POC applications for chronic
diseases.

Conclusions::
While progress is gaining momentum in this field and many researchers have dedicated their time in
developing new smart nanodevices for POC applications for various chronic diseases, the ultimate aim of achieving longterm,
reliable and continuous patient monitoring has not yet been achieved. Moreover, the applicability of the
manufactured nanodevices to rural patients for on-site diagnosis, cost, and usability are the crucial aspects that require
more research, improvements, and potential testing stations. Therefore, more research is needed to develop the
demonstrated smart nanodevices and upgrade their applicability to hospitals away from the laboratories.
Adverse Reactions Induced by Minocycline: A Review of Literature
Authors: Dominic Maria Rose 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is widely used to treat infections
and is a first-line oral antibiotic in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory acne. Although
it has high efficacy, several adverse reactions, including life-threatening ones, have been reported
in association with its use.

Objective:
To identify all the potential adverse reactions due to minocycline and analyze them in
terms of the number of cases reported so far, salient features, severity and clinical outcome.

Methods:
Comprehensive PubMed search of English and non-English literature for case reports of
adverse reactions to minocycline was conducted.

Results:
A total of 550 cases were identified from over 200 publications. The major reported adverse
events caused by minocycline are drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome,
autoimmune syndromes like hepatitis, lupus and vasculitis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, pseudotumor
cerebri, hyperpigmentation, serum sickness-like reaction, Sweet’s syndrome and drug fever.
Several other reactions involving multiple organ systems have also been reported. These show an
overlap of clinical features and may be associated with multiple events causing considerable morbidity.
Eight of these cases resulted in the death of the patients.

Conclusion:
In view of the evident potential of minocycline to cause long-lasting and severe adverse
effects, significant morbidity and even mortality, it should be prescribed with caution in the first-line
treatment for moderate to severe acne.
Exploring the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Landscape and Associated Components Serving as Molecular Targets, Primarily for Synthetic and Natural Drugs Targeting Oncology Therapeutics
Authors: Kaur Ishnoor , Behl Tapan , Sachdeva Monika , Bungau Simona , Venkatachalam Thangavel 
Published: January 2021

:
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis signaling cell death pathway is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic
pathway, encompassing multiple components like Bcl-2 family of proteins, death receptors, caspases, Smac/DIABLO, IAPs,
Omi/HtrA2 and cytochrome c. These entities serve as effective molecular targets for numerous drugs targeting
mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, mainly emphasizing on oncology therapeutics. Defective apoptosis is an acquired
hallmark of cancer cells, which promotes establishment of apoptosis-targeting anti-cancer drugs in cancer treatment. The
review provides an overview of the Bcl-2 inhibiting, IAPs antagonizing, caspase inhibiting and BH3 mimicking actions,
mediated by anti-cancer drugs, rendering beneficial outcomes in different forms of cancer. The authors elaborate the
significance of synthetic and natural agents, targeting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, in ameliorating tumor cell
growth in the body, and the specificity and effectiveness of these agents, motivating the researchers to explore
mitochondrial apoptosis targeting of anti-tumor drugs, of both herbal and synthetic origin. Thus, the review aims to
prognosticate this dynamic approach in oncology, simultaneously highlighting the challenges and future prospects,
providing an opportunity to the experts, to “go over with a fine tooth comb” in understanding this “programmed cell death
pathway”, and establishing reliability and accuracy of this therapeutic paradigm in the upcoming future.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Intranasal Administration of Olanzapine in the Management of Schizophrenia
Authors: Kaur Sarbjot , Nautiyal Ujjwal , Chawla Pooja A. , Chawla Viney 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Olanzapine belongs to a new class of dual spectrum antipsychotic agents.
It is known to show promise in managing both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Drug delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are expected to provide
rapid nose-to-brain transport of this drug and improved distribution into and within the brain.

Objective:
The present study deals with the preparation and evaluation of olanzapine loaded NLC
via the intranasal route for schizophrenia.

Methods:
Olanzapine-NLC were formulated through the solvent injection method using isopropyl
alcohol as the solvent, stearic acid as solid lipid, and oleic acid as liquid lipid, chitosan as a coating
agent, and Poloxamer 407 as a surfactant. NLC were characterized for particle size, polydispersity
index, entrapment efficiency, pH, viscosity, X-ray diffraction studies, in-vitro mucoadhesion study,
in- vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies. The shape and surface morphology of the prepared
NLC was determined through transmission electron microscopy. To detect the interaction of the
drug with carriers, compatibility studies were also carried out.

Results:
Average size and polydispersity index of developed formulation S6 was 227.0±6.3 nm
and 0.460, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of formulation S6 was found to be 87.25%.
The pH, viscosity, in-vitro mucoadhesion study, and in- vitro release of optimized olanzapine loaded
NLC were recorded as 5.7 ± 0.05, 78 centipoise, 15±2 min, and 91.96%, respectively. In ex-vivo
permeation studies, the percent drug permeated after 210 min was found to be 84.03%.

Conclusion:
These results reveal potential application of novel olanzapine-NLC in intranasal drug delivery system for
treatment of schizophrenia.
Science Up in Smoke: One Psychiatrist’s Journey Through the Politics of Cannabis Legalization
Authors: Rettew David C. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Many states are currently considering legislature that would legalize and commercialize cannabis
for medical and recreational purposes. Physicians and other health professionals are frequently called upon to offer an expert
opinion on the public health implications of these bills. For many, the role as a scientific expert and advocate in a political
process is new.

Objective 1:
To outline themes and lessons learned for science-minded clinicians engaged in deliberations over cannabis
legislation.

Objective 2:
To describe how science can get used and misused in the political process.

Method:
This article describes the experience of a psychiatrist who was actively involved in one state’s deliberations through
cannabis legalization bills.

Results:
Major themes that emerged during the process are described as are recommendations
for other health professionals who may find themselves involved in similar processes related to cannabis legalization and
other controversial initiatives that rely on the interpretation of scientific information.

Conclusion:
Psychiatrists and other clinicians can make important contributions to the political process for legislative
debates that involve science-based mental health information.
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract To Achieve Inhibitory Action Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Moinuzzaman Md. , Jamal Mohammad Abu Hena Mostofa , Uddin Helal , Rahman Shahedur , Momin Abdul , Al Mashud Md. Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Nanotechnology is an emerging research field on nanoparticles. Nanoparticles
are 1-100 nm in one dimension and are important in biomedical science, medical chemistry,
atomic physics, and most other known fields. They are used because of their small size, orientation,
and physical properties.

Objectives:
This study was designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Azadirachta
indica (Neem) leaf extract and evaluate their biomedical application.

Methods:
An aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica was used to synthesize AgNPs. 1 ml of the extract
was added drop by drop to 30-60 ml of a 1mM solution of silver nitrate. The AgNPs were
characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Dynamic
Light Scattering Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and antibacterial
activity studies. The biological synthesis of AgNPs was performed using the aqueous solution
of Azadirachta indica leaf extract and AgNO3. A fixed ratio of plant extract to metal ion was
used to prepare AgNPs and the formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed through the color
change. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, XRD and
TEM, and were found to range in size from 30-60 nm.

Results:
The biosynthesized AgNPs had a bactericidal effect against the antibiotic resistant pathogenic
microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus.

Conclusion:
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Azadirachta indica leaf extract and can be
used as a therapeutic candidate for biomedical applications.
Role of Genetic Interactions in Lung Diseases Detection Using Computational
Approaches: A Review
Authors: Priya S. , Manavalan R. 
Published: January 2021

:
Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) give special insight into genetic differences
and environmental influences that are part of different human disorders and provide prognostic
help to increase the survival of patients. Lung diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, and tuberculosis
are detected by analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genetic variations. The key
causes of lung-related diseases are genetic factors, environmental and social behaviors.

:
The epistasis effects act as a blueprint for the researchers to observe the genetic variation associated
with lung diseases. The manual examination of the enormous genetic interactions is complicated
to detect the lung syndromes for diagnosis of acute respiratory diseases. Due to its importance,
several computational approaches have been modeled to infer epistasis effects. This article includes
a comprehensive and multifaceted review of all the relevant genetic studies published between
2006 and 2020. In this critical review, various computational approaches are extensively discussed
in detecting respondent epistasis effects for various lung diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis,
lung cancer, and nicotine drug dependence.

:
The analysis shows that different computational models identified candidate genes such as
CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, TAS2R16, TAS2R38, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD21, IL4Ra, IL-13 and
IL-1β, have important causes for genetic variants linked to pulmonary disease. These computational
approaches' strengths and limitations are described. The issues behind the computational methods
while identifying the lung diseases through epistasis effects and the parameters used by various
researchers for their evaluation are also presented.
Parthenope’s novel: <i>P.Berol.</i> 7927 + 9588 + 21179, II column revisited
Authors: López Martínez María Paz , Ruiz-Montero Consuelo 
Published: January 2021

Our aim is to provide a new edition with translation and commentary of the second column of P. Berol. 7927 + 9588 + 21179, corresponding to the so-called Parthenope’s Novel. The first column was also edited by us in The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 28(2016), pp. 235–50. The original, perhaps one of the first Greek novels, produced a long and complex tradition with versions in prose and verse and a Christian martyrology, and was translated into different languages (Greek, Arab, Persian and Coptic). Although our text is badly preserved and difficult to read, we offer new proposals of reading that allow a better understanding of the novel and its rich literary context.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OILS, AND EXTRACT DETERMINED FROM NATURAL LEAVES, IN-VITRO LEAVES, AND CALLUS SOURCES OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: M JEYAKANI , M RAJALAKSHMI 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Essential oil and their compounds are getting increasing interest due to their multipurpose functional as alternatives to artificial preservatives. The aim of this study was focused to comparative analyses on hydrodistillation, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of essential oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaves procured from natural leaves, in-vitro leaves, and callus sources.
Methods: The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the TPC equivalent and antioxidant activity of essential oils.
Results: TPC of essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves contained 14.79 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry plant material and its IC50 value was found to be 70% in 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl assay. Thus, this source of essential oil showed good free radical scavenging activity.
Conclusion: The estimated biological potential was obtained in the essential oil from in-vitro sources of leaves M. alternifolia.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ALCOHOLIC ROOTS EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA LINN. – IN VITRO
Authors: WADHWA RASHMI , GUPTA PANKAJ 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to undergo an investigation on free radical scavenging activity of the roots of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and was compared with a standard antioxidant compound like ascorbic acid.
Methods: Euphorbia hirta roots extract was tested for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay (DPPH) assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.
Results: The alcoholic roots extract of E. hirta was screened for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities using three different methods. It was found that percentage inhibition of the extract was concentration-dependent. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 265.72±1.3 and 45.67±1.14, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide radicals ranging from 40.14±0.14 to 70.93±0.10. The mean IC50 values for DPPH radical by root extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid were found to be 18.12 μg/ml and 13.17 μg/ ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta produced dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide radicals scavenging effect ranging from 17.05±0.18 to 51.08±0.30. The alcoholic extract of E. hirta and ascorbic acid shows mean IC50 values for superoxide radical as 23.64 μg/ml and 14.36 μg/ml, respectively.
Conclusions: The present study showed that E. hirta possesses a considerable amount of both phenolic and flavonoid content. The alcoholic root extract also shows good antioxidant potential. The results of the present study also encourage for further in vivo studies and isolation and characterization of active compounds.
OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FORMULATION SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROMANG PARANG LEAVES (BOEHMERIA VIRGATA)
Authors: MAGFIRAH  , UTAMI INDAH KURNIA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Parang romang (Boehmeria virgata) is one of the traditional medicines that are used empirically by Makassar tribal healers, South Sulawesi, as an antitumor drug. This traditional medicine contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. However, secondary metabolites of those leaves extract have low solubility in water. Hence, to be formula, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is one of the solutions to increase the extract solubility.
Methods: The optimization of two formula optimum SNEDDS parang romang leaves (T80PGMZ and T20PGMZ) was using the simple lattice design (SLD) method which will give 28 SNEDDS formula parang romang leaves each of which the formula is tested for its characteristics as a critical point include emulsification time, % transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology particle.
Results: The results of SNEDDS characterization obtained the optimum formula T80PGMZ with emulsification time 12.6 s, % transmittance 92.21%, drug loading 68.21 ppm, particle size 370.26 nm, zeta potential −31.4 mV, polydispersity index of 0.615, and regular particle morphology with spherical chunks at a magnification of 10,000 times with a particle size of 10 μm.
Conclusion: SNEDDS of parang romang leaves extracts that used olive oil as oil phase, Tween 80 as a surfactant, and propylene glycol as the cosurfactant provided nanoemulsion with good characteristics.
STATUS OF URINARY 15-F2t-ISOPROSTANE LEVELS IN GENERALIZED TONIC–CLONIC SEIZURE PATIENTS WITH LEVETIRACETAM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: S BHUVANESHWARI , D VIJAYA 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels in epileptic patients with levetiracetam (LEV) and to compare the urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels between the different age groups, smokers, and alcoholics.
Methodology: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Urinary 15-2t-isoprostane levels were assayed in epileptic patients taking LEV. Twenty patients were recruited. Urinary levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane determined by ELISA. The patient’s age, gender, height, weight, smoking, and alcoholic history were collected using pro forma. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: A total of 20 participants recruited for the study. Among these, 70% were male and 30% were female. The mean weight and height were more in males compared to females. The mean 15-F2t-isoprostane level was significantly higher in males compared to females. More than 40% of the participants were in the age group of >40 years. However, the mean urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane level is higher in the age group of 19–30 years. Only 20% of the participants were smokers and alcoholics. Non-smokers and non-alcoholics had higher urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels compared to smokers and alcoholics.
Conclusion: The urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels were more in males, the age group of 19–30 years, non-smokers and non-alcoholics. However, the levels are lesser when compared to earlier meta-analysis study. This concludes that LEV may have antioxidant effect. There is a need for further studies with more sample size and correlation of LEV and urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels.
El médico residente como educador en Medicina Familiar: estudio experimental con un curso presencial y en línea
Authors: Méndez López Jafet F. , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor 
Published: January 2021

Antecedentes: Los médicos residentes de especialidad tienen gran cantidad de actividades, que incluyen la docencia con otros residentes, médicos internos, estudiantes de medicina y enfermería. Las actividades formales de capacitación en docencia para los médicos residentes son escasas, principalmente en Latinoamérica. La educación en línea es una modalidad que permite la impartición de cursos a personas que tienen horarios complicados, como son los residentes, con autoadministración del tiempo y posibilidades de realizar actividades en cualquier lugar. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un curso en línea sobre el rol docente del residente de Medicina Familiar, y comparar su efectividad con una versión presencial. Método: Se realizó un ensayo controlado con asignación aleatoria, en médicos residentes de 2o año de Medicina Familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México. Un grupo recibió el curso presencial diseñado en la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, y el otro una versión adaptada a la modalidad en línea. Los profesores y los contenidos en ambos cursos fueron los mismos. Se evaluaron conocimientos y competencias docentes con 3 instrumentos: cuestionario pre-post retrospectivo, examen de opción múltiple y un Examen de Docencia Objetivo Estructurado (EDOE). Resultados: Participaron 42 residentes: grupo 1 (n = 22) modalidad en línea (G1EL), grupo 2 (n = 20) modalidad presencial (G2P). 15 participantes del grupo 1 y 14 del grupo 2 realizaron todas las evaluaciones. El G1EL tuvo mejor desempeño que el G2P en el examen de conocimientos (p < 0.05) y en la estación EDOE de enseñanza de la clínica (p < 0.05). Las demás comparaciones no tuvieron diferencias.Conclusiones: La efectividad educativa de un curso en línea sobre el rol docente del residente, aplicado a médicos de la especialidad de Medicina Familiar, fue similar a la de un curso presencial con contenidos similares. Incluso tuvo un mayor efecto en el nivel de conocimientos y en una de las competencias docentes. La modalidad en línea en este tipo de cursos debe explorarse en otras especialidades y contextos.