bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Thrombo-inflammatory Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Karahan Serap Zengin , Gazioglu Sibel , Dilaver Irem , Boz Cavit 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The role of inflammation in the prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
(CVST) has been demonstrated in a small number of studies. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
(PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the systemic immune-inflammatory index
(SII) have been studied as prognostic inflammatory biomarkers in numerous thrombo-embolic diseases.
However, the number of studies evaluating the relationship between these parameters and
CVST is very low.

Objectives:
The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between PLR,
NLR, and SII values on admission and long-term prognosis in patients with CVST in the acute-subacute
period.

Methods:
Fifty-one patients diagnosed with CVST and 51 healthy controls were included in the
study. The patient and control groups were compared in terms of NLR, PLR, and SII values. Patients
were classified into good and poor prognosis groups based on sixth-month modified Rankin
scale scores (mRS) (0-2: good prognosis, 3-6: poor prognosis). Clinical and radiological features
and PLR, NLR, and SII values were compared between the good and poor prognosis groups. Multivariate
logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors for poor
prognosis. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was used to demonstrate the predictive power of
PLR, NLR, and SII.

Results:
Higher NLR and SII emerged as independent factors for poor prognosis in patients with
CVST. NLR was the strongest parameter in predicting poor prognosis in CVST (AUC: 0.817, 95%
CI: 0.63-1.00, sensitivity 70%, specificity 92.7%, p:0.002).

Conclusion:
Higher NLR and SII on admission may be a predictor of long-term poor prognosis in
patients with acute-subacute CVST.
The Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Retrospective Nationwide Study
Authors: Then Eric , Uhlenhopp Dustin J. , Barakat Mohamed , John Febin , Gayam Vijay , Lopez Michell , Sunkara Tagore , Gaduputi Vinaya 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The “remission theory” is an emerging concept that suggests the presence
of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in decreased disease severity in patients with inflammatory
bowel disease. This theory is based upon evidence that implicates CD4 T-lymphocytes
in the pathogenesis of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This study sought to elucidate
the legitimacy of this theory.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis of all adult inpatient hospitalizations for inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) using the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was conducted. Our study
population included patients admitted with IBD who were infected with HIV. We compared our
study group to patients who also had IBD but were not infected with HIV. Baseline demographic
characteristics, resource utilization, and in-hospital mortality rates were extracted for both groups.

Results:
A total of 58,979 patients were admitted for IBD in 2016. Of those patients, we identified
145 who also had the presence of HIV. We found that patients with ulcerative colitis and HIV had
a shorter length of hospital stay (4.1 vs. 5.9 days, p-value < 0.01), lower hospital charge ($35,716
vs $52,893, p-value < 0.01), and lower hospital cost ($7,814 vs. $13,395, p-value < 0.01) than
those who did not have HIV. In patients with Crohn’s disease, the presence of HIV resulted in decreased
colonoscopy rates (0% vs. 17.4%, p-value < 0.01); however, the rate of esophagogastroduodenoscopies
was not statistically significant (7.1% vs. 14.7%, p-value 0.106).

Conclusion:
In this retrospective population-based study, we found that patients with ulcerative
colitis and concurrent HIV had a milder course of the disease when compared to ulcerative colitis
patients that were not infected with HIV. These findings support the remission theory in that HIV
may play a role in inflammatory bowel disease.
Bronchial Asthma and Lung Cancer
Authors: Paraskevas Andreas , Bellou Elena , Keramida Elli , Karampinis Ioannis , Demertzis Panagiotis , Hardavella Georgia 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
The aim of the study was to present existing evidence regarding the association between
bronchial asthma and lung cancer risk, the impact of lung cancer treatment on asthma control
as well as the impact of pre-existing asthma on lung cancer survival.

Methods:
A narrative review of all the relevant published literature has been conducted.

Results:
Published evidence suggests that patients with bronchial asthma are at a higher risk of developing
lung cancer with an estimated odds ratio for squamous and small cell lung carcinoma at
1.69 and 1.71, respectively, within 2 years of asthma diagnosis. Interestingly, regular use of inhaled
corticosteroids may protect asthmatics against lung cancer. Chemotherapy may temporarily
relieve asthma symptoms. Pneumonitis is a common adverse reaction in asthmatics receiving immunotherapy
for lung cancer treatment. Lung radiotherapy in asthma patients predisposes to
eosinophilic alveolitis and pneumonia. Asthmatics are considered high-risk candidates for invasive
surgical procedures because they carry a high risk of perioperative airway hyper responsiveness.
Asthma is associated with a reduced lung cancer survival compared to other pulmonary co-morbidities.

Conclusion:
Literature shows that bronchial asthma is associated with increased lung cancer risk
and worse survival rates. Chemotherapy may relieve asthma symptoms. However, asthmatics are
prone to complications related to lung cancer surgery or radiotherapy treatment. Μore randomised
controlled studies are required to strengthen the positive association between bronchial asthma and
lung cancer, taking into consideration that there may be confounders that may influence the results.
Finally, further studies must be conducted to investigate the impact of immunotherapy and specific
radiotherapy modalities on asthma control.
Role of Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles in the Drug Delivery System
for Hypertension Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moradifar Nasrollah , Kiani Ali Asghar , Veiskaramian Atefe , Karami Kimia 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The present investigation was designed to systematically review the antihypertensive
effects of all the organic and inorganic nanoparticles in the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical
trials.

Methods:
The current study was carried out using 06-PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-
NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF) database.
The search was performed on five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science,
EMBASE, and Google Scholar, without time limitation for publications worldwide related to the
anti-hypertensive effects of all the organic and inorganic nanoparticles without date limitation, so
as to identify all the published articles (in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and case-control). Studies in any
language were entered in the search step if they had an English abstract.

Results:
Out of 3602 papers, 60 including 25 werein vitro (41.7%), 17 in vitro / in vivo (28.3%), 16
in vivo (26.7%), and 2 in vitro / ex vivo (3.3%) up to 2020 met the inclusion criteria for discussion
in this systematic review. The most widely used nanoparticles were organic nanoparticles such as
polylactic acid, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), lipid, chitosan, etc., followed by inorganic
nanoparticles such as silver and palladium nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
This review demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of some organic and inorganic
nanoparticles alone or in combination with the available anti-hypertensives. We found that organic
nanoparticles such as PGLA and chitosan can be considered as preferred options in nanomedicine
for treating high blood pressure. The results also showed these nanoparticles displayed antihypertensive
effects through some mechanisms such as sustained release forms via increasing bioavailability,
increasing oral bioavailability and improving oral and non-oral absorption, counteracting excessive
superoxide, decreasing blood pressure, etc. However, further investigations are required to
prove these effects, particularly in clinical settings, as well as their accurate possible mechanisms
and toxicity.
Targeting Notch Pathway in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics: An Emerging Approach
Authors: Jain Chakresh Kumar , Bhargava Shreya , Jain Isha , Varshney Srishti 
Published: July 2021

:
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway usually present in
multicellular organisms, which plays a pivotal role in cell fate determination and proliferation. Due
to this property, it is known to be highly oncogenic, especially in the dysregulated version of the
Notch pathway, where apoptosis is inhibited and abnormal cell growth is supported. Notch receptors
and ligand proteins play an essential role in cancers, such as myeloid leukemia, T-cell lymphoblastic
leukemia, and organ-specific, i.e., breast, colon, pancreas, and skin cancers. Any type of
cancer generates due to genetic defects, including epigenetic alterations and mutations. The researchers
can use these alterations to find a promising diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool for cancer.
The successful inhibition of the Notch pathway with the help of specific biomarkers or suppression
of gene expression represents a new remedy in cancer research. This article focuses on the
various remedies hidden within the Notch pathway's mechanism, primarily based on different patents
published in recent years for assisting cancer diagnosis and succeeding treatment.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 2-(5-Substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Khokra Sukhbir Lal , Kaur Simranjeet , Banwala Sahil , Wadhwa Karan , Husain Asif 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Benzothiazole is an organosulfur heterocyclic compound that has a considerable
place in drug discovery due to significant pharmacological actions.

Objective:
The main objective of the present study was to synthesize some novel 2-(5-substituted
1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives and evaluate them for their anticonvulsant
activity using in silico and in vivo methods.

Methods:
A set of sixteen 2-(5-substituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1, 3-benzothiazole derivatives
were prepared using multi-step reactions starting from o-amino-thiophenol and characterized by
suitable spectral techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity
using in silico and in vivo methods. In silico molecular docking study was performed using
Molegro Virtual Docker software to analyze binding modes of compounds with the internal ligand
of PDB ID: 1OHY and 1OHV; and in vivo pharmacological activities were tested for both
generalized tonic-clonic seizures and generalized absence (petit mal) seizures using Maximal
Electrical Shock and PTZ-induced seizure models, respectively.

Results:
Some new 2-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,3- benzothiazole (5a-5p) were successfully
synthesized by finally refluxing 1, 3-benzothiazole-2-carboxyhydrazide with different
aromatic acids in phosphoryl chloride. Docking results showed that compounds 5c, 5j, and 5m
were found to have the highest number of H-bond interactions; i.e. 4, 4, and 7 respectively with
target proteins 1OHY and 6, 3, and 4 respectively with target protein 1OHV, whereas phenytoin
showed only two H-bonding with both proteins. In the Maximal electroshock seizure method, the
synthesized compounds 5h, 5k and 5o demonstrated potent anticonvulsant activity against the
tonic seizure with a significant decrease in tonic hind leg extension period with a mean duration
of 7.9, 7.4, and 7.0 sec respectively, as compared to the other synthesized compounds. In contrast,
in the PTZ-induced seizure model, compounds 5c, 5h, and 5m showed protection against
clonic convulsion with significant elevation in the onset time of clonic convulsion at 311.2,
308.0, and 333.11 sec, respectively.

Conclusion:
Thus, from the results, it can be concluded that compound 5h, a benzothiazole derivative
endowed with an oxadiazole ring, can be developed as a potential anticonvulsant agent.
PiWi RNA in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Madhwani Kajal , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: July 2021

:
The discovery of the mysterious dark matter of the genome expands our understanding
of modern biology. Beyond the genome, the epigenome reveals a hitherto unknown path of key biological
and functional gene control activities. Extraordinary character-P element wimpy testis-induced
(PiWi)-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA that acts as a defender
by silencing nucleic and structural invaders. PiWi proteins and piRNAs can be found in both reproductive
and somatic cells, though germ line richness has been partially unravelled. The primary
function is to suppress invading DNA sequences known as Transpose of Elements (TEs) that move
within genomic DNA and downstream target genes via Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS) and
Post-Translational Gene Silencing (PTGS). Germline piRNAs preserve genomic integrity, stability,
sternness, and influence imprinting expression. The novel roles of somatic tissue-specific piRNAs
have surprised researchers. In metazoans, including humans, piRNA regulates neurodevelopmental
processes. The PiWi pathway regulates neural heterogeneity, neurogenesis, neural plasticity,
and transgenerational inheritance of adaptive and long-term memory. Dysregulated piRNA causes
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric illness. A faulty piRNA signature results
in inadvertent gene activation via TE activation, incorrect epigenetic tags on DNA, and/or histones.
Imprinting expression is influenced by germline piRNAs, which maintain genomic integrity,
stability, and sternness. New roles for piRNAs specific to somatic tissues have been discovered.
Metazoans, including humans, are regulated by piRNA. In addition, the PiWi pathway regulates
neuronal heterogeneity and neurogenesis as well as brain plasticity and transgenerational inheritance
of adaptive and long-term memory. When piRNA is dysregulated, it can lead to neurodegenerative
and psychiatric illnesses. Inappropriate gene activation or inactivation is caused by aberrant
piRNA signatures, TE activation, inappropriate epigenetic marks on DNA, and/or histones. Defective
piRNA regulation causes abnormal brain development and neurodegenerative aetiology, which
promotes life-threatening disorders. Exemplification of exciting roles of piRNA is still in its early
stages, so future research may expand on these observations using novel techniques and launch
them as potential biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we summarised the
potential gene molecular role of piRNAs in regulating neurobiology and serving as novel biomarkers
and therapeutic targets for life-threatening disease.
ROY HARROD, ESTEBAN PÉREZ CALDENTEY
Authors: Bezares Arango Humberto 
Published: July 2021

<p>En los anales de la economía existen casos como el de Sir Roy Forbes Harrod (1900-1978), un notable economista que a pesar de su importancia para el estudio cuantitativo del crecimiento comparte el sino de Jean Babtiste Say cuyo legado es comúnmente reducido a una ley que lleva su apellido. En el caso de Harrod, sus aportes no sólo son frecuentemente reducidos al llamado “modelo Harrod-Domar”, sino que éste es “una clara tergiversación de su visión sobre la dinámica”.<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/qaran/Desktop/num%20317/CORREGIDOS/06_BEZARES%20final.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> No hay, pues, únicamente un interés erudito al estudiar su vida y obra, sino que hacerlo implica un esfuerzo de reivindicación de un economista que se resiste a los encasillamientos.</p><p><em>Roy Harrod</em> (2019) de Esteban Pérez Caldentey forma parte de la serie de biografías intelectuales <em>Great Thinkers in Economics</em>que a la fecha suma 27 volúmenes editados por el profesor Anthony Thirlwall de la Universidad de Kent. La mención no es gratuita: la conocida “Ley de Thirlwall” es una derivación del multiplicador del comercio exterior de Harrod, piedra de toque de la teoría keynesiana de economía “abierta”; hecho que habla, por un lado, de la vigencia de Harrod y, por el otro, de su innegable vínculo con J. M. Keynes...</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/qaran/Desktop/num%20317/CORREGIDOS/06_BEZARES%20final.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> En el original: “a clear misrepresentation of his views on dynamics” (Pérez, 2019, p. 2).</p></div></div>
Reconstruyendo el “Proyecto Teotihuacán” del INAH, 1962-1964 (temporadas IV y V)
Authors: Medina-González José Humberto , Ortega-Cabrera Verónica 
Published: July 2021

In a previous text, we addressed the archaeological seasons I, II and III that the Departament of Prehispanic Monuments of INAH implemented from the beginning of 1960 until September 1962 in the ruins of the ancient Teotihuacan city and that were the antecedent of the Seasons IV and V of the so-called “Teotihuacan Project”, executed between September 1962 and September 1964. The objective of this article is to expose the unpublished information of the "Proyecto Teotihuacan" that was consigned in the technical reports kept at INAH, as well as in the scarce texts that were published to bring to light the documentary sources that provide direct information from the protagonists of the project. All this documentation will give both researchers and the public the opportunity to evaluate -in a better informed way- the actions and contributions made during one of the most emblematic projects in the history of Mexican and Latin American archaeology. It is only in this way that it will be possible to understand the challenges faced by researchers, workers, public servants, and government institutions involved in carrying out these large-scale archaeological explorations and reconstructions. For the first time -more than half a century after the end of this megaproject- this article presents a systematic and complete overview of the information produced by this project. It is of utmost importance to recover this archaeological memory because it adds a better understanding of the narratives that were constructed by specialists in relation to the development of the pre-Hispanic society of Teotihuacan, and about the history of archaeology in this ancient metropolis.
Propiedades electroquímicas del acero AISI 1005 recubierto por inmersión con Zn y aleación 55%Al-Zn
Authors: Aperador W. , Osorio J. P. , Tabarquino A. F. , Vélez L. A. , Delgado A. 
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se obtuvo los recubrimientos Zinc y 55% Al-Zn, sobre sustratos de acero AISI 1005. Con el propósito de estudiar el efecto del Al en la aleación, las propiedades electroquímicas del sistema fueron estudiadas mediante las técnicas de curvas de polarización Tafel y espectroscopia de impedancias electroquímica, expuestas a un medio agresivo de NaCl al 3.5 wt.%. Se encontró que el mejor desempeño frente a problemas de corrosión fue el de la aleación 55% Al-Zn registrando un valor de 0,353mpy comparado con el del zinc 5,004 mpy, la resistencia a la transferencia de carga aumento para la aleación 55%Al-Zn comparado con el sustrato y el recubrimiento de Zn.Palabras Clave: Zn, 55% Al-Zn, corrosión, Tafel, espectroscopia de impedancias electroquímica.
Medición del sentido de giro, velocidad y posición angular de un eje mediante encoders
Authors: Rairán Danilo , Fonseca José 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se presentan algoritmos para la detección del sentido de giro, distintos a los reconocidos en la literatura técnica, y además se estudia la medida de la velocidad y la posición angular por medio de un encoder incremental. El principio básico consiste en utilizar una señal cuasi triangular, en lugar de una onda cuadrada convencional. Se compara la salida del algoritmo de velocidad, el cual es asincrónico, con métodos convencionales, que son sincrónicos; y se concluye que los resultados son satisfactorios. También se verifica el cálculo de la medida de posición, por medio de la comparación con un encoder absoluto.Palabras clave: Adquisición de datos, encoder absoluto, encoder incremental, posición angular, velocidad angular.
Identificación de hongos fitopatógenos y presencia de salmonella sp en compost de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales
Authors: Silva-Leal Jorge Antonio , Torres-Lozada Patricia , Escobar-Rivera Juan 
Published: July 2021

Este estudio presenta las metodologías adaptadas para identificación de hongos fitopatógenos (Botrytis sp, Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., Rhizoctonia sp) y Salmonella sp. Se evaluó la presencia de fitopatógenos y Salmonella sp en compost producido a partir de lodo primario espesado y deshidratado-LED generado en la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Cañaveralejo-PTAR-C- Cali. La adaptación de las metodologías mostró que las diluciones adecuadas para el aislamiento de hongos fitopatógenos en las muestras de compost son 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 y el medio de cultivo selectivo más apropiado para la identificación de Salmonella sp fue el agar Salmonella-Shigella. El único fitopatógeno presente en el compost fue Fusarium sp, también se encontró presencia de Salmonella sp. Por lo tanto, se recomienda realizar su cuantificación para definir en qué concentraciones puede llegar a convertirse en un problema de salud pública; adicionalmente, se debe realizar la higienización del compost para su aplicación agrícola principalmente en cultivos industrializados.Palabras Clave: Compost; Fitopátogenos; Salmonella sp .
Reloj citoplasmatico y desarrollo embrionario temprano: un modelo con futuras aplicaciones medicas y comerciales.
Authors: Camargo Omar 
Published: July 2021

El ciclo meiotico en los mamiferos comienza en el ovario fetal ,prosigue hasta el estado de diplonete de la primera profase, y se detiene , poco antes del nacimiento en una fase similar a G2.La reiniciacion de la meiosis, la cual ocurre inmediatamente antes de la ovulacion, representa la transicion entre las fases G2 y M del ciclo celular. Una ves ovulado y fertilizado el oocito es activado, fenomeno que le capacita para iniciar el clivage el cual consiste en rapidas alteraciones de los estados de interfase y de mitosis.Se ha sugerido que un "reloj ordenador" controla el clivage post-cigotico en virtud a que estas divisiones son relativamente rapidas , sincronicas y no dependen del crecimiento celular.Aunque varios componentes de este reloj se han descubierto , los elementos que determinan su ciclidad no han sido identificados .El reloj ,se caracteriza por la actividad del factor promotor de la fase M(FPM), una cinasa dependiente de ciclinas ,que cuando se activa induce la celula a la mitosis .De otro lado se ha hallado que aumentos periodicos de la concentracion de calcio libre citosolico([Ca++]i)contribuye a la regulacion de los ciclos celulares . Aunque el grado de regulacion ejercido por dichas oscilaciones de [Ca++]i no se conoce con certeza , se ha sugerido que el mecanismo que las controla es un componente fundamental del gran reloj ordenador. Aqui exploramos las posibles interacciones que pueden existir entre Ca++ y el FPM,como estas regulan los ciclos celulares durante el desarrollo embrionario temprano (post-cigotico)] y que aplicaciones medicas y comerciales se han derivado de su estudio .Palabras Clave: ciclo celular, ciclinas, cinasas -fosfatasas, activación, desarrollo temprano.