bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on drying characteristics of rice by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Che Gang , Wan Lin , Liu Menggang , Sun Wensheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article is purposed mainly to analyze the drying characteristics in the internal moisture of rice at different drying temperatures using low‐field NMR. The signals of the relaxation time were applied to determine the moisture content and dynamic characteristics of various phases. According to the experimental results, the migration of strongly chemically bound water and other phases of water was a bi‐directional process. The first half of the process can be dried at high temperatures to remove moisture rapidly, while the second half can be lowered to reduce the moisture gradient. Besides, the first half was dried at 65°C and the second half at 35, 45 and 55°C, which led to an increase in energy consumption by 9.62%, 6.99%, and 2.54% as well as an extension to the drying time by 65, 40, and 18 min. The results will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the drying process for rice.Practical ApplicationsLow field nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to study the drying characteristics of rice, and to determine the variation pattern and migration characteristics of water in different phases of rice with varying temperatures during the drying process. On this basis, a high‐quality variable temperature drying method was proposed. Moreover, this method is applicable to the variable temperature of the rice drying process.
Efficacy and safety of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Roche M. , Mircher C. , Toulas J. , Prioux E. , Conte M. , Ravel A. , Falquero S. , Labidi A. , Stora S. , Durand S. , Mégarbané A. , Cieuta‐Walti C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common co‐morbidity that affects up to 44% of children with Down syndrome (DS). There is a need for reliable, good quality research on the use of methylphenidate within this population. The objective of this study is to report our experience regarding the management of ADHD in these children using methylphenidate.MethodsThis study is a retrospective observation of 21 children with DS, followed at Jérôme Lejeune Institute between 2000 and 2018. The diagnosis of ADHD was made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Efficacy was measured as response or non‐response on two main symptoms: attention/concentration and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Safety was evaluated by the presence or absence of side effects.ResultsSixteen out of the 21 children (76%) showed improvement with methylphenidate. The average age of treatment onset in responding children was 8 years and 10 months versus 6 years and 3 months in non‐responders (P = 0.05). Average dose/weight was significantly different in responders and non‐responders (0.82 vs. 0.54 mg/kg/day, respectively; P = 0.03). Twelve children out of 21 (57%) experienced side effects; only three experienced side effects severe enough to require treatment interruption. Most common side effects were loss of appetite and difficulties in falling asleep.ConclusionMethylphenidate was effective and safe in treating ADHD in 76% of cases in children with DS, with few serious side effects to report. Early diagnosis of ADHD is important to improve the quality of life, learning, inclusion and socialisation of children with DS.
Erastin synergizes with cisplatin via ferroptosis to inhibit ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cheng Qi , Bao Lingjie , Li Mingqing , Chang Kaikai , Yi Xiaofang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimCisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment for ovarian cancer. However, acquired resistance to cisplatin treatment or serious side effects often occurs in ovarian cancer, and thus, there is an urgent need for effective and combined therapies to overcome such obstacles. In the present study, we aimed to uncover synergistic effects between erastin and cisplatin (CDDP) in inhibiting ovarian cancer cell growth by inducing ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo.MethodsWe performed a CCK‐8 assay to detect cell viability in response to erastin alone or in combination with cisplatin and provided further confirmation by western blotting analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were used to depict the characteristics of ferroptosis. In addition, an ovarian cancer tumor xenograft was built to verify the effects in vivo.ResultsCDDP induced multiple modes of cell death‐including ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, erastin triggered ferroptosis and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) so as to augment the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. Combination therapy based on CDDP and erastin appeared to maximize the therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects in ovarian cancer both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionCollectively, our results indicate that erastin works synergistically with cisplatin to inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth, which may be manipulated by a ROS‐mediated mechanism that enhances cisplatin therapy, and offers a novel strategy for overcoming cisplatin therapy resistance.
Deparochialising the Canon: The Case of Sociological Theory
Authors: Alatas Syed Farid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSociological theory is not irrelevant to the South but needs to be deparochialised. The parochiality of sociological theory as it exists today can clearly be seen from the canon. The canon would have us believe that sociological theory was the sole creation of a few white men who lived in the nineteenth century. The absence of non‐European thinkers in accounts of the history of sociological theory is particularly glaring in cases where non‐Europeans had not only contributed to systematic thinking about the nature of society in the modern period but also influenced the development of sociology in the West. Typically, a history of social thought or a course on social thought and theory would cover theorists such as Montesquieu, Vico, Comte, Spencer, Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel, Toennies, Sombart, Mannheim, Pareto, Sumner, Ward, Small, and others. Generally, both non‐Western thinkers as well as women founders are excluded. Although sociology is slow to take a decolonial turn, there are now efforts to critique and rethink the canon. This article is a contribution in the direction of critiquing and expanding the canon to render it less parochial.
Distribution of resistance of cassava genotypes to dry, soft and black root diseases and correlation to yield parameters
Authors: Teixeira Jessica Hellen dos Santos , Guimarães Macelle Amanda Silva , Cardoso Suane Coutinho , Brito Alexsandro dos Santos , Peixouto Yslai Santos , Ribeiro Sabrine Oliveira , de Oliveira Eder Jorge , Alves Santos de Oliveira Saulo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRoot rot is one of the most limiting diseases of cassava production in the Northeast Region of Brazil, causing root‐yield loss from 30% to 100%. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of 76 cassava genotypes to dry (Fusarium spp.), soft (Phytophthora melonis) and black (species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family) root rot diseases. The roots were inoculated separately with isolates belonging to each of three disease group (dry, black and soft), by using the whole tuberous root inoculation method. The lesioned areas on the tuberous roots were measured by digital image analysis. Based on cluster analysis, four groups were found associated with the resistance to root rot diseases. About 10% of the genotypes were classified as resistant to dry and soft root rot, and 2% were classified as resistant to black root rot. Moreover, only 2% of the genotypes showed multiple resistance to these disease groups. Significant correlations were found between root peel and pulp infections by the same fungus, and between the root peel infections caused by P. melonis and Fusarium spp. These findings will be essential in the generation of plants with resistance to multiple root rot pathogens and will guide the cassava breeding programme to obtain superior varieties.
Coping with an Evil World: Contextualizing the Stress‐Buffering Role of Scripture Reading
Authors: DeAngelis Reed T. , Acevedo Gabriel A. , Vaidyanathan Brandon , Ellison Christopher G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research note advances the religious coping literature by testing whether belief in an evil world conditions the stress‐moderating role of scripture reading. Hypotheses are tested with original data from a survey of black, Hispanic, and white American churchgoers from South Texas (2017–2018; n = 1,115). Our findings show that reading scripture for insights into the future attenuates the positive association between major life events and psychological distress, but only for congregants who do not believe the world is fundamentally evil and sinful. For congregants who believe the world is evil, scripture reading amplifies the association between life events and distress. Whether scriptural coping is beneficial for mental health could be contingent on a believer's broader assumptions about the nature of the world we live in.
Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world's largest whip spider (Amblypygi)
Authors: Schramm Frederic D. , Valdez‐Mondragón Alejandro , Prendini Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe tropics contain many of the most biodiverse regions on Earth but the processes responsible for generating this diversity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the drivers of diversification in arthropods with stenotopic ecological requirements and limited dispersal capability using as a model the monotypic whip spider (Amblypygi) genus Acanthophrynus, widespread in the tropical deciduous forests of Mexico. We hypothesized that for these organisms, the tropical deciduous forests serve as a conduit for dispersal, with their disappearance imposing barriers. Given that these forests are located in a region of complex geological history and that they fluctuated in extent during the Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles we combine molecular divergence dating, palaeoclimatic niche modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to test if and when habitat fragmentation promoted diversification in Acanthophrynus. Concomitant with the expected role of landscape change, we demonstrate that orogeny of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene (6.95–5.21 million years ago), drove the earliest divergence of Acanthophrynus by vicariance. Similarly, as expected, the later onset of glaciations strongly impacted diversification. Whereas a more stable climate in the southern part of the distribution enabled further diversification, a marked loss of suitable habitat during the glaciations only allowed dispersal and diversification in the north to occur later, resulting in a lower overall diversity in this region. Barriers and diversification patterns identified in Acanthophrynus are reflected in the phylogeography of codistributed vertebrates and arthropods, emphasizing the profound impact of Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt orogeny and glacial/interglacial cycles as drivers of diversification in the Mexican Neotropics.
Unresolvable Disagreements in Carnap’s Metametaphysics
Authors: Vrahimis Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarnap’s 1931 attack against metaphysics notoriously utilises Heidegger’s work to exemplify the meaninglessness of metaphysical pseudo‐statements. This paper interprets Carnap’s metametaphysics as concerned with delimiting theoretical dialogue in such a manner as to exclude unresolvable disagreements. It puts forth a revised version of Carnap’s argument against the viability of metaphysics, by setting aside his stronger claims that rely on verificationism and focusing instead on his account of metaphysical claims as mere expressions of what he calls “Lebensgefühl,” or a general attitude towards life. Such attitudes, Carnap argues, are unsuitable objects of theoretical dialogue, insofar as disagreements that concern them are unresolvable. Carnap thus recommends abandoning the attempt to resolve metaphysical disagreements as if they were theoretical. As long as it does not enter into unresolvable disagreements, art, rather than theory, is the appropriate medium for expressingLebensgefühl.
Identification and Characteristics of Strong, Average, and Weak Foreign Language Readers: The Simple View of Reading Model
Authors: SPARKS RICHARD L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe simple view of reading (SVR) model proposes that reading comprehension is the product of cognitive domain skills, word decoding, and oral language (linguistic) comprehension, and that decoding and language comprehension make separate, independent contributions to reading comprehension. The SVR has been supported in both first (L1) and second language (L2) reading research as a viable model to explain more and less successful reading acquisition and to recommend instructional intervention. This article reviews L1 and L2 reading research that supports the SVR and explains how the model can be used to assess foreign language (FL) reading skills, identify strong and weak FL readers, and identify FL readers’ strengths and weaknesses. Specific examples of standardized cognitive and linguistic measures for English and Spanish used to assess word decoding and language comprehension skills are cited. Implications of the SVR model for assessment and pedagogy are discussed.
Vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease: A matched case‐control study
Authors: Rosta Klara , Mazzucato‐Puchner Antonia , Kiss Herbert , Malik Veronika , Mandl Peter , Petricevic Ljubomir , Foessleitner Philipp , Shafran Inbal , Temsch Wilhelm , Farr Alex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatic diseases and vaginal infections both increase the risk of preterm birth. It is unclear whether pregnant women with rheumatic disease are more likely to experience vaginal infections, which might potentially accumulate modifiable risk factors.ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to evaluate the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsA total of 539 asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancy were routinely screened for an abnormal vaginal microbiota between 10 + 0 and 16 + 0 gestational weeks. Vaginal smears were Gram‐stained and microscopically analysed. Those with inflammatory diseases (with or without immunomodulatory therapy) were assigned to the case group and matched in a 1:3 ratio to healthy pregnant controls.ResultsOverall, an abnormal vaginal microbiota occurred more frequently among women of the case group, compared with those of the control group (33.8% vs 15.6%; 95% CI: 1.78–4.27, p < .001). In particular, Candida colonisation (22.3% vs 9.2%; 95% CI: 1.69–4.75, p < .001), but also bacterial vaginosis (14.9% vs 7.2%; 95% CI: 1.25–4.1, p = .006), occurred more often in the case than in the control group. No significant difference was found with regard to the occurrence of an abnormal vaginal microbiota between subgroups with and without immunomodulatory treatment (37.0% vs 27.1%; 95% CI: 0.29–1.35, p = .232).ConclusionPregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease are at risk for bacterial vaginosis and Candida colonisation, which might pose a risk for preterm birth. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the influence of autoimmune conditions and immunosuppressive therapy on the vaginal microbiota.
Therapeutic efficacy of topically used luliconazole vs. terbinafine 1% creams
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Dyląg Mariusz , Łagowski Dominik , Zielinski Jessica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesDermatomycoses of zoophilic origin, especially those caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, often pose considerable therapeutic problems. This is reflected in the growing number of strains of this species with resistance to terbinafine caused by a mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene. Therefore, it is reasonable to look for alternative therapies to the commonly used terbinafine. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vivo effectiveness of topical therapy with luliconazole or terbinafine 1% cream.MethodsTherapeutic efficacy was assessed using direct examination in KOH with DMSO, qPCR analysis with pan‐dermatophyte primers and culturing. Moreover, in vitro susceptibility tests for luliconazole and terbinafine were performed.ResultsThe results demonstrated significantly higher antifungal activity of luliconazole than terbinafine against dermatomycoses caused by T. mentagrophytes. The geometric mean of the MIC value for luliconazole against all T. mentagrophytes strains was 0.002 μg/ml, while this value for terbinafine was 0.004 μg/ml. In all studied cases, 28‐day local therapy with luliconazole contributed to complete eradication of the aetiological agent of infection.ConclusionsGiven the increasingly frequent reports of difficult‐to‐treat dermatophytoses caused by zoophilic terbinafine‐resistant strains, the 1% luliconazole cream can be alternative solution in topical therapy.
Which lives are worth saving? Biolegitimacy and harm reduction during COVID‐19
Authors: Larocque Catherine , Foth Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the promise to save every life, the COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed social and racial inequalities, precarious living conditions, and engendered an exponential increase in overdose deaths. Although some lives are considered sacred, others are deliberately sacrificed. This article draws on the theoretical work of Foucault and scholars who further developed his concept of biopolitics. While biopolitics aims to ameliorate the health of populations, Foucault never systematically accounted for the unequal value of lives. In the name of saving the biological lives of people who use drugs (PWUD) during the pandemic, the harm reduction movement has emphasized the need for safe supply, decriminalization, and housing; governments have started implementing these measures, which were previously rejected as utopian and unrealistic. Paradoxically, the use of drugs itself, and therefore the increased risk of death from overdose or other medical sequelae, is the only way PWUD can achieve enough visibility to be recognized as a life worth saving. The humanitarian rationale of harm reduction concerns itself with the biological life and stipulates social and political rights in the name of its sacredness. This is what anthropologist Fassin and others called biolegitimacy—the recognition of life reduced to its physiological, biological essence.
Innate and adaptive immunity of periodontal disease. From etiology to alveolar bone loss
Authors: Becerra‑Ruiz Julieta Saraí , Guerrero‑Velázquez Celia , Martínez‐Esquivias Fernando , Martínez‐Pérez Luz Andrea , Guzmán‑Flores Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeriodontal disease refers to inflammation of the tissues that support the tooth. It is of multifactorial etiology. Innate and adaptive immune cells participate jointly through the release of their molecules and mechanisms of action in order to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissues, so the host's immune response plays an essential role in defense against microorganisms. However, bacterial persistence and the dysregulation of the immune system as an exaggerated response can lead to the worsening of periodontal disease, leading to loss of gingival tissue and alveolar bone and thereby loss of teeth. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of periodontal disease is necessary to design new treatments and prophylactic measures in order to decrease the prevalence of this disease that afflicts a large part of the world population.
External root resorption in common odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw: A retrospective radiographic study in an Asian population
Authors: Teo Kai Wen , Shi Adrian Hongyi , Teh Luan Yook , Lee Albert Ming Hsien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the frequency of external root resorption on adjacent teeth of common cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw in an Asian population and to investigate the association of size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential.Material and methodsA retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to examine the frequency of external root resorption (ERR) of teeth in proximity of 160 lesions comprising periapical radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas was carried out. Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate differences in the frequency of ERR of teeth adjacent to these lesions and to assess the association of the size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential.Results and conclusionsThere were 40% of lesions located in the maxilla and 60% in the mandible. Adjacent teeth ERR was noted in 61 (38.1%) lesions. Compared with odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastomas were eight times more likely (p = 0.005) and dentigerous cysts were three times more likely (p = 0.028) to be associated with ERR after adjusting for the size and location of the lesion. Location and size of a lesion did not influence the prevalence of adjacent teeth ERR. The four types of lesions studied exhibit different frequencies of ERR in adjacent teeth. Based on this study, the presence of ERR in adjacent teeth is a useful supportive measure in the diagnosis of these lesions.
Diagnostic accuracy of stroke volume variation for predicting fluid responsiveness in children undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Deqiang , Liu Fen , Dai Wei , Zhang Jianguo , Shao Qiang , Tao Wenqiang , Xiao Rui , Feng Xiaojin , Qian Kejian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke volume variation appears to be reliable for predicting fluid responsiveness in adults, and its predictive value in pediatric patients has been recently reported. However, its predictive value in children undergoing cardiac surgery is unclear.MethodsA review and meta‐analysis were performed on the diagnostic utility of stroke volume variation for predicting fluid responsiveness in children undergoing cardiac surgery. All relevant articles for prospective research assessing the value of stroke volume variation were searched in the Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Cochrane databases through March 2020. The primary outcome was the accuracy of stroke volume variation for predicting fluid responsiveness in children. The combined data were analyzed by a meta‐analysis. Publication quality was assessed using the QUADAS (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy, maximum score) standard guidelines.ResultsSix articles were included in the meta‐analysis, following the search strategy. A total of 251 children were included from 6 prospective studies. Fluid therapy for all patients used crystalloids or colloids. The results of the analysis revealed a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 8.23 (95% CI: 3.07–22.11), pooled sensitivity of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.80), and pooled specificity of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58–0.74). Additionally, the overall area of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78. There was significant moderate heterogeneity in these studies (p < .05, I2 = 42.1%) due to thresholds.ConclusionsThere was some heterogeneity due to thresholds in the included studies. An evaluation of stroke volume variation may represent a reliable predictor of fluid responsiveness in children undergoing cardiac surgery. After operative cardiac output optimization, the possible impact of goal‐directed fluid treatment depending on stroke volume variation on the perioperative outcome in the children population should subsequently be assessed.