bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonhydrostatic model for free surface flow interaction with structures
Authors: Bradford Scott F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSimulating fluid–structure interactions is important in many engineering applications. Navier–Stokes based models can accurately simulate free surface flows and efficiency is improved by transforming the equations into the sigma‐coordinate system in which the grid follows the free surface and bottom. This approach lacks the ability to simulate wave overturning and splashing, but it has been demonstrated to accurately simulate breaking waves. Incorporating structures in a free surface flow model is challenging. Many existing techniques require complex grids and cumbersome interpolation. The immersed boundary method avoids complicated grids by overlaying the object on the grid. Interpolation is still required at the object boundary, which may not conserve mass. It is also difficult to compute the force acting on the body. Conservation may be reclaimed by embedding the object into the mesh. However, this may result in small (cut) cells and numerical instability unless they are merged with neighboring cells. In this article, a new model is proposed and constructed using a modified sigma coordinate transformation. This limits the model to simulating objects that can be represented by upper and lower surfaces that are functions of x and y, but still allows for many simulations of engineering interest. In exchange for this compromise, several advantages are gained including: efficiency, mass conservation, and easy estimation of force. Model accuracy is demonstrated by comparing numerical predictions with analytical solutions and laboratory measurements for free surface flows interacting with a horizontal cylinder and NACA 0012 foil.
Assessment of different induction chemotherapy regimens in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Hui , He Yan , Su Yonglin , Wei Zhigong , Liu Zheran , Wang Jingjing , He Ling , Mu Xiaoli , Li Ruidan , Hu Xiaolin , Peng Xingchen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and toxicities among different induction chemotherapy regimens in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC).MethodsElectronic databases were searched for literature up to September 16, 2019. Two researchers independently selected the articles, evaluated the quality of the literature, and extracted and analyzed the data.ResultsThere were no significant differences in survival outcomes, mucositis, or gastrointestinal adverse events among the four regimens. The probability of GP being the best induction scheme to improve OS was 43.7%. The completion rate of concurrent chemotherapy with the GP regimen was significantly reduced than the other three regimens.ConclusionsThe survival outcomes of the four regimens in LA‐NPC were comparable. Considering only OS, GP showed the highest probability of improving the survival of LA‐NPC, while it also affected the completion of concurrent chemotherapy.
Development of a machine learning model for the prediction of nodal metastasis in early T classification oral squamous cell carcinoma: SEER‐based population study
Authors: Kwak Min Seob , Eun Young‐Gyu , Lee Jung‐Woo , Lee Young Chan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop and compare machine learning (ML) based predictive models for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early T classification oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsWe used data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database to develop and validate the predictive models for LNM in patients with T1, T2 OSCC. Using simple clinical and histopathological data, we developed six ML algorithms to predict LNM. The predictive performance of models was compared.ResultsThe areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the six models ranged from 0.768 to 0.956. The best prediction performance was achieved with a XGBoost (AUC = 0.956). Permutation importance analysis showed that tumor size is the most important feature in predicting metastasis.ConclusionsWe developed a simplified and reproducible ML‐based predictive model for metastasis in early T classification OSCC that could be helpful for the decision of a treatment strategy.
Semiparametric estimation and variable selection for single‐index copula models
Authors: Yang Bingduo , Hafner Christian M. , Liu Guannan , Long Wei 
Published: April 2021

SummaryA copula with a flexibly dependence structure can capture complexity and heterogeneity in economic and financial time series. Based on the recently proposed single‐index copula, we propose a simultaneous variable selection and estimation procedure. This method allows for choosing the most relevant state variables by using a penalized estimation with large sample properties derived. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the method in selecting relevant state variables and estimating unknown index coefficients and dependence parameters. We apply the proposed procedure to four states' housing markets in the United States and identify six macroeconomic factors that drive their dependence structure.
A novel CD209 polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chan Hua‐Chen , Wang Shu‐Chen , Lin Chia‐Hui , Lin Yuan‐Zhao , Li Ruei‐Nian , Yen Jeng‐Hsien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of CD209 (cluster of differentiation 209) may influence expression levels, and higher expression of CD209 on immune cells correlate with severity of cartilage destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to the lack of a comprehensive study, this study aimed to investigate the CD209 promoter variants and haplotypes in a Taiwanese population and the association with RA development. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 126 RA patients and 124 healthy controls was purified, and the CD209 gene promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results showed that a novel variant −96C>A polymorphism in CD209 promoter was identified in the Taiwanese population, and the frequency was significantly higher in RA patients than in controls (11.51% vs. 2.42%, P < .0001). The odds ratio (OR) for the development of RA was 5.88 (95% CI 2.35–14.74, P < .0001). Other known variants were also evaluated; for instance, −1180 T/T (rs7359874) was increased in RA patients, and the OR for the development of RA was 3.26, 95% CI 0.85–12.52, P = .07). Besides, the haplotype frequencies were calculated; −1180A‐939C‐871 T‐336 T‐139 T‐96A and −1180 T‐939 T‐871C‐336 T‐139C‐96A were increased in RA patients (P = .004 and 0.05, respectively). In summary, CD209‐96A variant could be an important factor for the development of RA in the Taiwanese population.
Survey of surgical resections for neuroendocrine liver metastases: A project study of the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (JNETS)
Authors: Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi , Kiritani Sho , Arita Junichi , Morizane Chigusa , Masui Toshihiko , Kudo Atsushi , Komoto Izumi , Hatano Etsuro , Ito Tetsuhide , Osamura Robert Y. , Unno Michiaki , Uemoto Shinji , Kokudo Norihiro ,   The Japanese Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (JNETS)
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeHepatic resection is considered the treatment of choice for neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM). However, the safety and efficacy of resection have not been fully evaluated using a large cohort. The aim of the present study was to collect real‐world data regarding hepatic resections for NELM.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter survey was conducted. The background characteristics of patients undergoing an initial hepatic resection for NELM, the operative details, pathological findings, and patient outcomes were investigated.ResultsA total of 222 patients were enrolled from 30 institutions. The primary tumor site was the pancreas in 58.6%, and the presentation of NELM was synchronous in 63.1% of the cases. Concomitant resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases was performed for 66.4% of the synchronous metastases, and the 90‐day morbidity and mortality rates were 12.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The operations resulted in R2 resections in 26.1% of the cases, and 83.4% of the patients experienced recurrence after R0/1 resections. However, the patients were treated using multiple modalities after R2 resection or recurrence, and the overall survival rate was relatively favorable, with 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates of 70.2%, and 43.4%, respectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses identified the tumor grading (G3) of the primary tumor as a significant prognostic factor for both the recurrence‐free and overall survivals.ConclusionsThe present data confirmed the safety of the surgical resection of NELM. Although recurrences were frequent, the survival outcomes after resection were favorable when a multi‐disciplinary treatment approach was used.
Exploring the factors affecting the preparedness of Australian pharmacists to respond to disasters: a qualitative study
Authors: McCourt Elizabeth M. , Singleton Judith A. , Tippett Vivienne , Nissen Lisa M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisasters affect health services, health professionals and the health of individuals. During disasters, pharmacists are essential in maintaining the health of their communities. Despite the important roles pharmacists undertake in disasters, little is known about their preparedness to respond to disasters that may affect their communities.AimTo qualitatively explore the factors that affect Australian pharmacists’ preparedness for disasters.MethodsSemistructured interviews aimed at exploring disaster preparedness were conducted with 13 pharmacists in Australia. Participants were recruited using purposive, snowball, and convenience sampling methods. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Open and axial coding methods were used to determine the factors associated with preparedness. Ethical approval was obtained from Queensland University of Technology (no. 1700000626).ResultsAlmost half of the participants (46%) did not feel that they were prepared for a disaster likely to affect their primary place of practice. Two overarching themes contributing to participants’ preparedness were identified: ‘individual factors’ and ‘external factors’. Pharmacists believed that their preparedness was affected by the individual factors of experience, soft skills, knowledge and training. They also noted that external factors such as available resources, administrative support, multisector support and actions by supports were required for them to be prepared.ConclusionThis research is the first of its kind to explore the factors affecting pharmacists’ disaster preparedness. The results indicate that Australian pharmacists feel underprepared for disasters; however, improving this preparedness is complex and will require more than a single intervention. Interventions for improving preparedness need to target individual and environmental factors and involve the whole healthcare team.
All roads lead to the places of your interest: An on‐demand, ride‐sharing visitor transport service
Authors: Zheng Weimin , Zhuang Xinyi , Liao Zhixue , Li Mengling , Lin Zhibin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSuccessful visitor transport within large tourist sites should balance visitor experience and operating costs. Inspired by the model of sharing economy, we design a “user‐centered” intelligent visitor transport system to improve the efficiency and quality of experience of transport service in large tourist sites. The system's core approach is a three‐stage heuristic model based on Pareto optimality. Results of the proposed service indicate a drastic reduction of visitor delay time and an improvement in energy efficiency. The proposed scheduling schemes for organizers are more diversified and adaptable than the existing service.
Attend anywhere clinic: A virtual outpatient clinic experience in otolaryngology during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Puttasiddaiah Paramesh Mankunda , Morris Simon , Dwamena Sam , Sanu Ameeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionNumerous technological advances have been made during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There has been a growing body of evidence highlighting the value of virtual consultations as an adjunct to physical appointments. This study presents the virtual clinic experiences of one ENT department in the UK.MethodsRetrospective review of all virtual consultations undertaken at a single ENT department during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 556 virtual consultations took place during the study period across all ENT sub‐specialties. Of which 27% of patients were converted to face‐to‐face follow‐up and over 30% were discharged following a virtual consultation. Out of 333 video consultation, 31% were converted to telephone due to patient preference or technological difficulties.ConclusionThis study highlights the benefits and lessons learnt from implementing a virtual clinic system in ENT. The authors recommend the introduction of video consultation as a useful adjunct to face‐to‐face appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.Level of Evidence4.
Varieties of pseudocomplemented Kleene algebras
Authors: Castaño Diego , Castaño Valeria , Varela José Patricio Díaz , Santis Marcela Muñoz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the subdirectly irreducible algebras in the variety of pseudocomplemented De Morgan algebras by means of their De Morgan p‐spaces. We introduce the notion of thebodyof an algebra and determine when is subdirectly irreducible. As a consequence of this, in the case of pseudocomplemented Kleene algebras, two special subvarieties arise naturally, for which we give explicit identities that characterise them. We also introduce a subvariety of , namely the variety ofbundle pseudocomplemented Kleene algebras, fully describe its subvariety lattice and find explicit equational bases for each subvariety. In addition, we study the subvariety of generated by the simple members of , determine the structure of the free algebra over a finite set in this variety and their finite weakly projective algebras.
Parallel Hybrid Simulations of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites using Coarray Fortran
Authors: Diaz Javier , Pinna Marco , Zvelindovsky Andrei V. , Pagonabarraga Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComputer simulations of experimentally comparable system sizes in soft matter often require considerable elapsed times. The use of many cores can reduce the needed time, ideally proportionally to the number of processors. In this paper a parallel computational method using coarray Fortran is implemented and tested for large systems of purely block copolymer melts, as well as block copolymer nanocomposites. A satisfactory strong scaling is shown up to 512 cores while a weak scaling with a drop in performance is achieved up to 4096 cores. The scaling of the parallel cell dynamic simulations scheme displays no drawbacks over MPI and provides an example of the simplicity of the coarray approach. The code has been tested on several architectures and compilers. The hybrid block copolymer/nanoparticle algorithm can achieve previously unavailable system sizes.
Apraxia of Lid Opening in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease—Frequency, Risk Factors and Response to Treatment
Authors: Krishnan Syam , Shetty Kuldeep , Puthanveedu Divya Kalikavil , Kesavapisharady Krishnakumar , Thulaseedharan Jissa Vinoda , Sarma Gangadhara , Kishore Asha 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNew‐onset apraxia of lid opening (ALO) is reported to occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients following Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). There are only few systematic studies on this uncommon disorder of eyelid movements.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the frequency, temporal evolution, predisposing factors and response to treatment, of new‐onset ALO in PD patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent STN DBS at our centre between 1999 and 2017, with a minimum of 2 years of follow up after surgery.ResultsNew‐onset ALO was seen in 17 (9.1%) of the 187 patients after an average of 16.9 months (Range ‐ 6–36 months). Comparison of the groups with and without ALO revealed that ALO occurred more often in older patients, both at the onset of PD symptoms and at surgery and in those with non‐tremor dominant subtypes of PD and freezing of gait at baseline. The extent of levodopa dose reduction after surgery and the pre‐operative severity of motor symptoms were not risk factors. Response to adjustments of dopaminergic medications and stimulation parameters was ill‐sustained or nil. Botulinum toxin therapy resulted in satisfactory improvement in the majority.ConclusionsNew‐onset ALO is an uncommon phenomenon that manifests months after STN DBS. Development of ALO is likely to be due to the effects of chronic stimulation of basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical or brain stem circuits controlling lid movements in susceptible patients. Botulinum toxin therapy offers relatively better relief of symptoms than other strategies.
6‐Paradol Acts as a Potential Anti‐obesity Vanilloid from Grains of Paradise
Authors: Hattori Hiroyuki , Mori Takashi , Shibata Takahiro , Kita Masaki , Mitsunaga Tohru 
Published: April 2021

ScopeGrains of Paradise (GOP), the seeds of Aframomum melegueta, has anti‐obesity effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects remain unclear.Methods and ResultsThis study sets up to study the anti‐obesity impact and homeostatic effects of 6‐paradol, a major vanilloid found in GOP, and investigates the physiological outputs and the lipometabolism‐related gene in fat and liver in high‐fat‐induced obese mice with a comparison with structurally similar vanilloids (6‐gingerol and 6‐shogaol). The vanilloids are synthesized in adequate quantities for performing animal experiments and orally administered to 6‐week‐old male mice over 2 weeks. This study found that 6‐paradol decreased body weight gain and visceral and subcutaneous fats in 2 weeks, whereas 6‐gingerol and 6‐shogaol have no effect. Additionally, 6‐paradol suppresses the hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride and significantly decreases the gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis, lipid transportation, and adipocyte differentiation in both liver and adipose tissue. Moreover, phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) that greatly contributes to lipometabolism is promoted by 6‐gingerol but not 6‐paradol.ConclusionThese results suggest that 6‐paradol regulates several obesity‐related genes in an AMPK‐independent manner. Therefore, it could be the principal active vanilloid in GOP giving it anti‐obesity properties with a different mechanism.
Telephone consultation for myasthenia gravis care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Assessment of a novel virtual myasthenia gravis index
Authors: Menon Deepak , Alnajjar Sara , Barnett Carolina , Vijayan Joy , Katzberg Hans , Fathi Davood , Alcantara Monica , Bril Vera 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe aim of the study was to determine the association between the virtual Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (vMGII) with other patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of myasthenia gravis (MG) and its usefulness in telephone consultations with MG patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series in which vMGII score along with virtual Single Simple Question (vSSQ), virtual Patient‐Acceptable Symptom State PASS (vPASS) response, and patient disease status based on Myathenia Gravis Foundation of America postintervention status were collected during telephone consultation along with the MGII, SSQ, and PASS responses during the preceding in‐person clinic visits.ResultsIn 214 patients, the mean difference of vMGII between the vPASS “Yes” and “No” groups was −14.2 ± 1.4 (95% confidence interval, −16.9 to −11.3; P < .001) with mean vMGII for vPASS “Yes” group being 6.4 ± 7.7 and vPASS “No” being 20.5 ± 11.5. A vMGII of 11.5 or higher predicted vPASS “yes” response with a sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 81.4%. A strong negative correlation was found between the vMGII and vSSQ (r = −.667; P < .001). The mean vMGII was 0.48 ± 1.42 for patients in remission, and 9.31 ± 10.93 for improved, 9.32 ± 8.79 for stable, and 22.58 ± 14.04 for worsened groups (P < .001). These associations were the same as those obtained during the preceding in‐person clinic visit and the direction of change in MGII scores also indicated change in disease status.DiscussionvMGII is an effective measure to assess an MG patient's disease status in telephone consultations and relates well with other PRO measures. The vMGII remains reliable for assessing MG disease status even with removal of the physical examination component.
Synthetische Biologie: Mikroben für Cannabis‐Wirkstoffe
Authors: Schiffels Johannes , Kubik Grzegorz , Dick Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCannabinoide sind immer häufiger in Kosmetika, Lebensmitteln und Pharmaprodukten enthalten. Daraus ergeben sich bestimmte Qualitätsanforderungen, und daher sind neue Produktionswege notwendig. Diese können etwa mit gentechnisch veränderten Bakterien gelingen.
An autoencoder‐based reduced‐order model for eigenvalue problems with application to neutron diffusion
Authors: Phillips Toby R. F. , Heaney Claire E. , Smith Paul N. , Pain Christopher C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing an autoencoder for dimensionality reduction, this article presents a novel projection‐based reduced‐order model for eigenvalue problems. Reduced‐order modeling relies on finding suitable basis functions which define a low‐dimensional space in which a high‐dimensional system is approximated. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are often used for this purpose and yield an optimal linear subspace. Autoencoders provide a nonlinear alternative to POD/SVD, that may capture, more efficiently, features or patterns in the high‐fidelity model results. Reduced‐order models based on an autoencoder and a novel hybrid SVD‐autoencoder are developed. These methods are compared with the standard POD‐Galerkin approach and are applied to two test cases taken from the field of nuclear reactor physics.