bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric Deviations of Bragg-Peak Position Shifts in Uniform Magnetic Fields for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guiding Proton Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Wang Xiaowa , Pan Hailun , Cheng Qinqin , Wang Xufei , Xu Wenzhen 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate dosimetric deviations in scanning protons for Bragg-peak position shifts, which were caused by proton spiral tracks in an ideal uniform field of magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging-guided proton radiotherapy (MRI-IGPRT).Methods: The FLUKA Monte-Carlo (MC) code was used to simulate the spiral tracks of protons penetrating water with initial energies of 70–270 MeV under the influence of field strength of 0.0–3.0 Tesla in commercial MRI systems. Two indexes, lateral shift (marked as WD) perpendicular to the field and a penetration-depth shift (marked as ΔDD) along the beam path, were employed for the Bragg-peak position of spiral proton track analysis. A comparison was performed between MC and classical analytical model to check the simulation results. The shape of the 2D/3D dose distribution of proton spots at the depth of Bragg-Peak was also investigated. The ratio of Gaussian-fit value between longitudinal and transverse major axes was used to indicate the asymmetric index. The skewness of asymmetry was evaluated at various dose levels by the radius ratio of circumscribed and inscribed circles by fitting a semi-ellipse circle of 2D distribution.Results: The maximum of WD deflection is 2.82 cm while the maximum of shortening ΔDD is 0.44 cm for proton at 270 MeV/u under a magnetic field of 3.0 Tesla. The trend of WD and ΔDD from MC simulation was consistent with the analytical model, which means the reverse equation of the analytical model can be applied to determine the proper field strength of the magnet and the initial energy of the proton for the planned dose. The asymmetry of 2D/3D dose distribution under the influence of a magnetic field was increased with higher energy, and the skewness of asymmetry for one proton energy at various dose levels was also increased with a larger radius, i.e., a lower dose level.Conclusions: The trend of the spiral proton track under a uniform magnetic field was obtained in this study using either MC simulation or the analytical model, which can provide an optimized and planned dose of the proton beam in the clinical application of MRI-IGPRT.
Coordinated Management of COVID-19 Response: Lessons From Whole-of-Society and Whole-of-Health Strategies in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Zhang Pan , Zhang Yun , Fung Hong , Han Yong , Law Chi Kin , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been challenging globally following the scarcity of medical resources after a surge in demand. As the pandemic continues, the question remains on how to accomplish more with the existing resources and improve the efficiency of existing health care delivery systems worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the experience from Wuhan - the first city to experience a COVID-19 outbreak – that has presently shown evidence for efficient and effective local control of the epidemic.Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective qualitative study based on the document analysis of COVID-19-related materials and interviews with first-line people in Wuhan.Results: We extracted two themes (the evolution of Wuhan's prevention and control strategies on COVID-19 and corresponding effectiveness) and four sub-themes (routine prevention and control period, exploration period of targeted prevention and control strategies, mature period of prevention and control strategies, and recovery period). How Wuhan combatted COVID-19 through multi-tiered and multi-sectoral collaboration, overcoming its fragmented, hospital-centered, and treatment-dominated healthcare system, was illustrated and summarized.Conclusion: Four lessons for COVID-19 prevention and control were summarized: (a) Engage the communities and primary care not only in supporting but also in screening and controlling, and retain community and primary care as among the first line of COVID-19 defense; (b) Extend and stratify the existing health care delivery system; (c) Integrate person-centered integrated care into the whole coordination; and (d) Delink the revenue relationship between doctors and patients and safeguard the free-will of physicians when treating patients.
Healthy for My Baby Research Protocol- a Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing a Preconception Intervention to Improve the Lifestyle of Overweight Women and Their Partners
Authors: Hardy Isabelle , Lloyd Amanda , Morisset Anne-Sophie , Camirand Lemyre Felix , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , Fraser William D. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Preconception lifestyle interventions appear promising to reduce pregnancy complications, prevent adult cardiometabolic diseases, and prevent childhood obesity. These interventions have almost exclusively been studied in populations of obese infertile women. The development of preconception lifestyle interventions targeting a broader population of overweight and obese women without a history infertility and their partners is needed.Methods: This study is a multicenter open label parallel group randomized controlled trial. Sixty-eight non-infertile women with overweight or obesity in the preconception period and their partners will be recruited from the Sherbrooke and Quebec City regions. The couples will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive the Healthy for my Baby intervention or standard care in the preconception period and pregnancy. Women and their partners will be invited to take part in this lifestyle intervention which includes motivational interviews and daily self-monitoring of lifestyle goals through a mobile phone application. The primary endpoint of this study is the diet quality of women during the preconception period, which will be evaluated using the C-HEI 2007 score at baseline, 2, 4- and 6-months following study enrolment. Women's dietary quality will also be evaluated through the measure of urinary biomarkers of habitual dietary intake at baseline and 2 months in preconception, and 24–26 weeks in pregnancy. Additional indicators of women's lifestyle as well as anthropometric measures will be documented in preconception and pregnancy. For the pregnancy period, the main secondary endpoint is the pattern of gestational weight gain. Pregnancy and neonatal complications will also be evaluated. For partners, diet quality, other lifestyle habits, and anthropometric measures will be documented in the preconception and pregnancy periods.Discussion: This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost intervention designed to improve diet and other lifestyle characteristics of women in the preconception period who are overweight or obese. If the Healthy for my Baby intervention is efficacious regarding dietary measures, larger trials will be needed to evaluate the impact of this intervention on the rates of pregnancy complications, childhood obesity, and adult cardiometabolic disease.Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04242069).
The Building Blocks of Implementation Frameworks and Models in Primary Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Huybrechts Ine , Declercq Anja , Verté Emily , Raeymaeckers Peter , Anthierens Sibyl 
Published: August 2021

Background: Our aim is to identify the core building blocks of existing implementation frameworks and models, which can be used as a basis to further develop a framework for the implementation of complex interventions within primary care practices. Within the field of implementation science, various frameworks, and models exist to support the uptake of research findings and evidence-based practices. However, these frameworks and models often are not sufficiently actionable or targeted for use by intervention designers. The objective of this research is to map the similarities and differences of various frameworks and models, in order to find key constructs that form the foundation of an implementation framework or model that is to be developed.Methods: A narrative review was conducted, searching for papers that describe a framework or model for implementation by means of various search terms, and a snowball approach. The core phases, components, or other elements of each framework or model are extracted and listed. We analyze the similarities and differences between the frameworks and models and elaborate on their core building blocks. These core building blocks form the basis of an overarching model that we will develop based upon this review and put into practice.Results: A total of 28 implementation frameworks and models are included in our analysis. Throughout 15 process models, a total of 67 phases, steps or requirements are extracted and throughout 17 determinant frameworks a total of 90 components, constructs, or elements are extracted and listed into an Excel file. They are bundled and categorized using NVivo 12© and synthesized into three core phases and three core components of an implementation process as common elements of most implementation frameworks or models. The core phases are a development phase, a translation phase, and a sustainment phase. The core components are the intended change, the context, and implementation strategies.Discussion: We have identified the core building blocks of an implementation framework or model, which can be synthesized in three core phases and three core components. These will be the foundation for further research that aims to develop a new model that will guide and support intervention designers to develop and implement complex interventions, while taking account contextual factors.
Engagement With Daily Testing Instead of Self-Isolating in Contacts of Confirmed Cases of SARS-CoV-2: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Denford Sarah , Martin Alex F. , Love Nicola , Ready Derren , Oliver Isabel , Amlôt Richard , Yardley Lucy , Rubin G. James 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:In December 2020 and January 2021 Public Health England (PHE) with NHS Test and Trace conducted a study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of daily testing as an alternative to self-isolation following close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case. This qualitative paper aims to identify factors influencing uptake among those offered daily testing, and the subsequent impact on behaviour.Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with 52 participants who had taken part in the feasibility study. Participants were asked about their experiences of daily testing or self-isolating, their reasons for choosing to test or isolate, and their behaviour during the study period. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.Results:Results are presented under two main headings: (1) factors influencing acceptance of testing and (2) impact of test results. Participants appeared highly motivated to engage in behaviours that would protect others from the virus. Factors influencing the decision to accept testing included (1) needing to avoid self-isolation, (2) concerns about test sensitivity, and (3) perceived benefits of detecting infection. Participants who were taking tests reported: (1) positive consequences following confirmation of COVID status, (2) engaging in essential activities, (3) uncertainty, and (4) self-isolating whilst testing.Conclusions:This study has identified a range of factors that appear to influence the decision to engage in daily testing or to self-isolate following close contact with a positive case, many of which could be addressed by clear communications. Covid-19 infection rates and government restrictions influenced experiences, and so further research is needed to explore perceptions of daily testing and behaviour following close contact with a positive case among a wider range of individuals, in the context of lower rates of COVID-19, few government restrictions on general population behaviour and more widespread testing.
Grape Phylloxera Genetic Structure Reveals Root–Leaf Migration within Commercial Vineyards
Authors: Wilmink Jurrian , Breuer Michael , Forneck Astrid 
Published: August 2021

Depending on their life cycle, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) leaf-feeding populations are initiated through asexually produced offspring or sexual recombination. The vine’s initial foliar larvae may originate from root-feeding phylloxera or wind-drifted foliar larvae from other habitats. Though some studies have reported phylloxera leaf-feeding in commercial vineyards, it is still unclear if they are genetically distinct from the population structure of these two sources. Using seven SSR-markers, this study analyzed the genetic structure of phylloxera populations in commercial vineyards with different natural infestation scenarios and that of single-plant insect systems that exclude infestation by wind-drifted larvae. We saw that during the vegetation period, phylloxera populations predominately go through their asexual life cycle to migrate from roots to leaves. We provided evidence that such migrations do not exclusively occur through wind-drifted foliar populations from rootstock vines in abandoned thickets, but that root populations within commercial vineyards also migrate to establish V. vinifera leaf populations. Whereas the former scenario generates foliar populations with high genotypic diversity, the latter produces population bottlenecks through founder effects or phylloxera biotype selection pressure. We finally compared these population structures with those of populations in their native habitat in North America, using four microsatellite markers.
Analysis of the Customer Satisfaction of Black Market’s Chinese Smartphone
Authors: Mangifera Liana , Putra Febrianur Ibnu Fitroh Sukono 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This research aims to analyse the factors that influence customer satisfaction of black market’s Chinese smartphone. Research Design & Methods: The research uses quantitative approach to analyse the sample of 250 buyers of black market’s Chinese smartphone across Solo Raya. The sampling technique is purposive sampling through questionnaires with a Likert scale. The analytical technique is multiple regression. Findings: The findings showed that 1) black market has a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction, 2) price has a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction, 3) product quality has a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Implications & Recommendations: This research has practical implications for the marketing policies implemented by Chinese smartphone companies to increase customer awareness and product distribution policies to support increased sales at official stores and fight illegal trade in Chinese smartphone products. The social impact of the research is to contribute to changes in people's behavior in buying Chinese smartphones where there needs to be aware that the black market is an illegal store to buy products if people want to buy Chinese smartphones, then the right thing is at official stores or outlets that are already working—same with the company. Contribution & Value Added: This research provides added value to evaluating distribution policies implemented by Chinese smartphone companies, which are considered less able to compete with the black market. So to increase market share at official stores, Chinese smartphone companies must be more severe in managing the distribution of product sales so that industrial competition can run properly.
Establishment of Entrepreneurial Character Santri Based on Human Resources Management
Authors: Kamala Aulia Zahra Husnil , Pebruary Silviana 
Published: August 2021

Objective: This research analysis about management human resources for santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Amtsilati to manage academic and business personality. Research Design & Methods: This research uses qualitative research methods with case study approach. The data source in this study is primary data by conducting in-depth interviews to the manager (academic & business) and santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Amtsilati. And observations were made to observe directly about the state of Darul Falah Amtsilati boarding school. Data analysis techniques use source triangulation. Findings: The results of this study showed that in the formation of the character of boarding schools Darul Falah Amtsilati using methods of precision, planting discipline, habituation, creating a conducive atmosphere, as well as integration and internalization. From the formation of the entrepreneurial character has been done based on the character of Islamic human resource. Where shiddiq is taught with honesty, trust by emphasizing responsibility, tabligh conveys correctly, and fathonah is realized by the selection of santri based on criteria. Implications & Recommendations: The implication of the results of this study is that the pesantren has used Islamic resource principles in the recruitment and learning process but needs to be improved or perfected in the implementation of learning by creating special classes for business character building. The aim is to help develop the quality of productive pesantren business managers. Contribution & Value Added: The contribution of the results of this study is to provide input to pesantren in improving the quality of prospective Islamic resources who will become managers of productive business activities of pesantren.
Modelos educativos en la educación virtual universitaria
Authors: Hidalgo Benites Lilliam Enriqueta 
Published: July 2021

La investigación analiza y reflexiona sobre los contenidos de los modelos educativos universitarios con el propósito de identificar las concepciones que los fundamentan, las semejanzas y diferencias en planteamientos filosóficos doctrinarios y pedagógicos que animan la vida académica de las universidades y si éstos responden a los requerimientos de la educación virtual que se aplica hoy en día en las universidades de todo el país. Para cumplir con el objetivo se utiliza una metodología de técnica documental que se sustenta en la revisión de artículos y libros que tratan sobre modelos educativos universitarios. Se seleccionaron, así mismo, diez modelos educativos de universidades públicas del Perú. Como estudio cualitativo se formularon categorías para realizar el análisis y la reflexión desde una ficha de análisis de contenidos. La conclusión más importante es que las universidades públicas peruanas adoptan fundamentos educativos que giran en torno al humanismo, el cual se refleja en concepciones pedagógicas, curriculares y didácticas, centradas en el desarrollo de las capacidades cognitivas y actitudinales del estudiante como protagonista e interlocutor válido en la comunicación didáctica en el aula. Sin embargo, por el cambio acelerado de modalidad de educación presencial a virtual, resulta urgente adecuar los modelos educativos de las universidades al nuevo contexto educativo.
Palabras clave: Modelo educativo; educación virtual universitaria.
Characteristics of nonlinear terahertz-wave radiation generated by mid-infrared femtosecond pulse laser excitation
Authors: Shibuya Kyuki , Nawata Kouji , Nakajima Yoshiaki , Fu Yuxi , Takahashi Eiji J. , Midorikawa Katsumi , Yasui Takeshi , Minamide Hiroaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on efficient terahertz-wave generation in organic and inorganic crystals by nonlinear wavelength conversion approach using a 3.3 μm femtosecond pulse laser. Experimental results reveal the relation between pump power and terahertz-wave output power, which is proportional to the square of the pump power at the range of mega- to tera-watt cm−2 class even if the pump wavelength is different. Damage threshold of organic and inorganic crystals are recorded 0.6 and 18 tera-watt cm−2 by reducing several undesirable nonlinear optical effects using mid-infrared source.
Exploring the Science of Marma - An Ancient Healing Technique: Definition and Properties of Marma
Authors: Mishra Alka , Shrivastava Vandana 
Published: July 2021

In the vast sea of the knowledge of Ayurveda, Marma is one of the extremely important topics. Marma points have been unanimously accepted as the ‘seats of life’ (Prana - the vital life force). If these locations are injured, then it may lead to severe pain, disability, loss of function, loss of sensation, or death. Therefore, the ancient scriptures have strictly directed that these vital locations should not be injured, and due care should be taken in this regard even while doing surgeries. However, recent researches indicate that if there is inflammation or pain at any Marma point, then stimulating its nearby Marma points can help in alleviating this pain. This Marma Therapy has been used in treating various physical and mental disorders, with encouraging results.
In view of the importance of Marma Science mentioned in scriptures and with regards to surgeries, as well as the encouraging outcomes of Marma Therapy in recent times, the present study was undertaken for an in-depth study of the Science of Marma. Part-1 of this study gave an account of various ancient / classical Indian scriptures that mention different aspects of the Science of Marma. The present article, which is Part-2 of this study, gives a detailed description of the number of marmas, their location, structures involved, correlation with Panchamahabhutas, classification, as well as a detailed explanation of marmaghata or viddha lakshanas (effect of trauma), as given in classical texts written during Samhita kala. The anatomical correlation with modern science is also presented.
Pengaruh Diet Sodium dan Pembatasan Cairan Berbasis Aplikasi Android Terhadap Keseimbangan Cairan Dan Dyspnea Pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Kongestif (CHF)
Authors: Putradana Agus , Mardiyono Muh. , Rochana Nana 
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Pembatasan cairan dan Diet sodium merupakan salah satu terapi non-farmakologis yang dilakukan bagi penderita Gagal Jantung Kongestif NYHA II dengan gejala dyspnea. Munculnya gejala sesak nafas pada penderita gagal jantung, disebabkan oleh terjadinya ketidak seimbangan cairan tubuh pasien, yang mengakibatkan menumpuknya cairan pada jaringan paru-paru (kongesti pulmonal). Pembatasan cairan dan diet sodium menjadi terapi non-farmakologis utama bagi pasien penderita gagal jantung. Beberapa pasien melaporkan menjalani kesulitan dalam melakukan control dan pencatatan konsumsi cairan, konsumsi sodium, serta gejala dyspnea yang muncul. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu penanganan yang dapat memfasilitasi pasien dalam melakukan control konsumsi cairan, konsumsi sodium serta pencatatan gejala dyspnea yang muncul yang berakibat pada tidak tercapainya keseimbangan cairan dan munculnya gejala dyspnea. pembatasan cairan dan diet sodium berbasis aplikasi merupakan intervensi pilihan dan aman dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya ketidakseimbangan cairan tubuh dan munculnya gejala dyspnea. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi pengaruh Pembatasan cairan dan Diet sodium berbasis aplikasi android terhadap perbaikan keseimbangan cairan dan penurunan gejala dyspnea pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif. Metode: Desain penelitian quasy eksperimen, dengan menggunakan simple random sampling, 40 orang kelompok intervensi dan 40 orang kelompok kontrol, dengan analisis uji Chi-square, Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbaikan keseimbangan cairan (p=0.001), dan penururnan gejala dyspnea (p=0.001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh Pembatasan Cairan dan Diet Sodium berbasis aplikasi android terhadap perbaikan keseimbangan cairan dan penurunan gejala dyspnea pada pasien gagal jantung kongestif NYHA II. Intervensi diet sodium dan pemabatasan cairan berbasis aplikasi android ini merupakan intervensi yang mudah digunakan serta sangat bermanfaat untuk dilakukan bagi pasien gagal jantung kongestif NYHA II. Keywords: Pembatasan cairan, diet sodium, aplikasi android, keseimbangan cairan, dyspnea