bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unethical pro-organizational behavior as an outcome of servant leadership
Authors: Uymaz Ali Osman , Arslan Serdar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study tested the relationship between servant leadership, unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) of employee, trust in managers, and employees' positive reciprocity beliefs (PRB). Data were collected from 392 employees who work in four and five-star hotels in Alanya, Turkey. Structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analyses provided evidence for direct and indirect relationships between servant leadership and employee UPB via trust in manager and PRB. Specifically, trust in manager and PRB strengthened the relationship of servant leadership with employee UPB. These findings suggest that servant leadership could have a previously unexplored dark side in certain contexts. The study enhances the servant leadership and UPB literature. It also suggests certain practical implications for hotel managers to be able to reduce employee UPB. The limitations and future research suggestions of the study are discussed.
DEGREE SPECTRA OF ANALYTIC COMPLETE EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: ROSSEGGER DINO 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the bi-embeddability and elementary bi-embeddability relation on graphs under Borel reducibility and investigate the degree spectra realized by these relations. We first give a Borel reduction from embeddability on graphs to elementary embeddability on graphs. As a consequence we obtain that elementary bi-embeddability on graphs is a
$\boldsymbol {\Sigma }^1_1$
complete equivalence relation. We then investigate the algorithmic properties of this reduction. We obtain that elementary bi-embeddability on the class of computable graphs is
$\Sigma ^1_1$
complete with respect to computable reducibility and show that the elementary bi-embeddability and bi-embeddability spectra realized by graphs are related.
WAYS OF DESTRUCTION
Authors: FARKAS BARNABÁS , ZDOMSKYY LYUBOMYR 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the following natural strong variant of destroying Borel ideals:
$\mathbb {P}$

$+$
-destroys
$\mathcal {I}$
if
$\mathbb {P}$
adds an
$\mathcal {I}$
-positive set which has finite intersection with every
$A\in \mathcal {I}\cap V$
. Also, we discuss the associated variants
$$ \begin{align*} \mathrm{non}^*(\mathcal{I},+)=&\min\big\{|\mathcal{Y}|:\mathcal{Y}\subseteq\mathcal{I}^+,\; \forall\;A\in\mathcal{I}\;\exists\;Y\in\mathcal{Y}\;|A\cap Y|<\omega\big\},\\ \mathrm{cov}^*(\mathcal{I},+)=&\min\big\{|\mathcal{C}|:\mathcal{C}\subseteq\mathcal{I},\; \forall\;Y\in\mathcal{I}^+\;\exists\;C\in\mathcal{C}\;|Y\cap C|=\omega\big\} \end{align*} $$
of the star-uniformity and the star-covering numbers of these ideals.Among other results, (1) we give a simple combinatorial characterisation when a real forcing
$\mathbb {P}_I$
can
$+$
-destroy a Borel ideal
$\mathcal {J}$
; (2) we discuss many classical examples of Borel ideals, their
$+$
-destructibility, and cardinal invariants; (3) we show that the Mathias–Prikry,
$\mathbb {M}(\mathcal {I}^*)$
-generic real
$+$
-destroys
$\mathcal {I}$
iff
$\mathbb {M}(\mathcal {I}^*)\ +$
-destroys
$\mathcal {I}$
iff
$\mathcal {I}$
can be
$+$
-destroyed iff
$\mathrm {cov}^*(\mathcal {I},+)>\omega $
; (4) we characterise when the Laver–Prikry,
$\mathbb {L}(\mathcal {I}^*)$
-generic real
$+$
-destroys
$\mathcal {I}$
, and in the case of P-ideals, when exactly
$\mathbb {L}(\mathcal {I}^*)$

$+$
-destroys
$\mathcal {I}$
; and (5) we briefly discuss an even stronger form of destroying ideals closely related to the additivity of the null ideal.
‘Impossible to provide an accurate estimate’: the interested calculation of the Ottoman public debt, 1875–1881
Authors: Stolz Daniel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen the Ottoman Empire defaulted on its public debt in 1875, British bondholders launched a campaign to win government intervention on their behalf. This article interprets the unprecedented success of this campaign as a matter of knowledge production. Mobilizing the newly established Corporation of Foreign Bondholders as a kind of ‘centre of calculation’, bondholders argued that they deserved assistance because of the unique size of the Ottoman default and the proportion of it that was held by British subjects. Yet neither of these numbers was easily calculated. In fact, influential bondholders worked closely with accountants and members of the Statistical Society to devise an accurate method for quantifying the Ottoman debt – and concluded that such a method did not exist. Historians of quantification and accounting have argued that the scientific status of nineteenth-century accounting depended on its disinterestedness. In the case of the Ottoman default, however, calculation was understood to be inseparable from material interest and political debate.
When good attitudes are not enough: understanding intentions to keep yellow-shouldered Amazons as pets on Margarita Island, Venezuela
Authors: Sánchez-Mercado Ada , Blanco Oriana , Sucre Bibiana , Briceño-Linares José Manuel , Peláez Carlos , Rodríguez Jon Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnsustainable harvesting to supply the demand for pets is the second most significant threat to parrots (Psittacidae). Given that parrot keeping is widespread, in-depth and culturally sensitive research is needed to inform and develop interventions targeted at changing consumer preferences and purchasing behaviours. Parrot keeping is thought to be driven mainly by a desire for companionship (the affection hypothesis). Alternative hypotheses include a deeply ingrained culture of parrot ownership (the tradition hypothesis) or the influence of socio-economic context (the contextual hypothesis). We used the theory of planned behaviour to evaluate the relative importance of behavioural and contextual factors influencing the intention to keep the yellow-shouldered AmazonAmazona barbadensisas a pet. We interviewed 150 owners and non-owners of parrots in two locations in Macanao Peninsula, Margarita Island, Venezuela, where the primary population of this species is located. We found mixed evidence supporting both the affection and contextual hypotheses: intention to keep parrots was higher in non-owners with high education level, strong affective attitudes regarding human–animal relationships, and higher expectations about social norms (41% of explained variance). Our study expands previous research on the illegal parrot trade by taking into account behavioural measures beyond attitudes, highlighting the role of social norms frequently ignored in such research. We discuss how a behaviour change campaign could redirect affective attitudes in the human–parrot relationship, and promote new social norms that support parrot conservation. Future research should consider the inclusion of moral and injunctive norms, and monitoring of intervention effectiveness.
Acoustic competition within a tropical bird community: the case of the Resplendent QuetzalPharomachrus mocinnoin Guatemala
Authors: Bolaños-Sittler Pablo , Aubin Thierry , Padilla Andrea , Sueur Jérôme 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe structure of ecological communities is thought to be mainly driven by competition processes between species. One special case of resource shaping community dynamics is the acoustic space. However, the acoustic communities have been rarely described for tropical birds. Here, we aimed at estimating acoustic competition between the iconic speciesPharomachrus mocinnoand the other bird species occupying the same habitat. An acoustic survey was conducted in a cloud forest in Guatemala for 17 days in six simultaneous recording sites. All species occurring in the same frequency bandwidth were identified, and the acoustic overlapping betweenP. mocinnoand these species was estimated. Eighteen species were identified as acoustic competitors. Ecological traits and phylogenetic distance were defined for all species. The rate of acoustic competition betweenP. mocinnoand other species was related to different ecological traits and competition for resources. The acoustic overlap was high with species competing for similar food resources and phylogenetically close species and low with predator species and phylogenetically distant species. These unique observations provide new behavioural and ecological information that might be useful for the knowledge of this species and the cloud forest.
Accelerated epigenetic aging at birth interacts with parenting hostility to predict child temperament and subsequent psychological symptoms
Authors: Manczak Erika M. , Scott Samantha R. , Millwood Summer N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn an effort to elucidate new factors that may contribute to developmental psychopathology, the current study examined whether accelerated epigenetic aging at birth related to children's differential susceptibility to the effects of aversive parenting on early emerging mental health risk. Using data from a multiethnic birth cohort, the interaction between Horvath's methylation age in umbilical cord blood and hostile parenting behaviors was examined in relation to perceptions of infant's temperament at 6 months and to children's psychological symptoms at 3 years in 154 families. Results broadly revealed that children with higher levels of accelerated methylation aging evinced more unpredictable temperaments and more psychological symptoms if their mothers reported more hostile parenting, but showed fewer difficulties if mothers engaged in less hostile parenting; children with lower levels of accelerated methylation age did not show associations between hostility and temperament or psychological symptoms. Effects were not accounted for by gestational age at birth, demographic factors, or the distribution of cell subtypes. These findings suggest that accelerated epigenetic age may function as a form of differential susceptibility, signaling increased risk for psychopathology in more aversive contexts but decreased risk in less aversive early environments. Taken together, they point to a novel biological process to consider within risk for psychopathology.
Characterization and potential utilization of recently available milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., wild type and mutant accessions
Authors: Martinelli Tommaso , Baumann Karin , Börner Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMilk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae), is an economically important medicinal plant utilized for silymarin production. Moreover, the species has been positively evaluated for vegetable oil and biomass production. Despite these positive characteristics, milk thistle is still marked by traits that are typical of undomesticated species (most importantly natural fruit dispersal at maturity) and requires further genetic improvement for its complete exploitation. This manuscript summarizes all the information collected through time about a collection of nine milk thistle wild and mutant lines and it discusses the possible further utilization of these genotypes. The accessions are characterized by interesting traits related to: fruit silymarin composition (S. marianum chemotype A and B), fruit fatty acid composition (high oleic and high stearic acid lines), fruit condensed tannins content, vegetative biomass composition (modification of xylans or lignin content), vegetative biomass structure (dwarf and tall lines), modifications of leaf variegation (hypervareigated line) and different types of fruit shatter resistance at maturity. All the lines underwent subsequent generations of selfing and are stable for all the described traits. The accessions will be made available at the Genebank of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK, Gatersleben) and may prove to be a useful genetic material for the improvement of qualitative fruit traits (silymarin quality, fatty acid composition) and for the further development of shatter-resistant S. marianum genotypes towards the complete domestication of this promising species.
Testing Methods for Reconstructing Glacial Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport in an Isotope‐Enabled Climate Model
Authors: Li Lingwei , Liu Zhengyu , Lynch‐Stieglitz Jean , He Chengfei , Gu Sifan , Zhang Jiaxu , Otto‐Bliesner Bette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a vital role in the interbasin exchange of ocean properties. A robust method to reconstruct the ACC baroclinic transport is helpful to assess the ACC's sensitivity to a changed climate. Here we test the reconstruction methods at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼20 ka) using end‐member water masses in a fully coupled, isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model. Model results suggest that the density profile at the northern side of ocean margins across the ACC can be reconstructed well from end‐member water masses of Subtropical Surface Water (STSW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water. One additional pore fluid observation at 1,000 m can substantially improve transport reconstruction and is essential to constrain the sign of change in ACC transport during the LGM. Moreover, the uncertainty in transport calculation is large when salinities for STSW and AAIW are reconstructed independently based on the δ18Osw‐Salinity relationship of surface and intermediate waters in the South Indian Ocean. More direct measurements of LGM temperature and salinity may allow better transport reconstruction.
Amplified Drought and Flood Risk Under Future Socioeconomic and Climatic Change
Authors: Tabari Hossein , Hosseinzadehtalaei Parisa , Thiery Wim , Willems Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe economic stress and damage from natural hazards are escalating at an alarming rate, calling for anticipatory risk management. Yet few studies have projected flood and drought risk, owing to large uncertainties, strong non‐linearities, and complex spatial‐temporal dynamics. Here, we develop an integrative global risk analysis framework encapsulating future changes in flood and drought hazards as well as associated exposure and vulnerability dimensions. Flood characteristics are quantified by fitting a generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) to the annual flow maxima time series, while drought properties are characterized by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The drivers of drought and flood risk changes at the global and regional scales are explored, and the wide cascade of uncertainties in the risk assessment is decomposed. We find a substantial increase in both flood and drought risk towards the end of the century over most of the globe, driven by compounding changes in exposure, vulnerability, and hazard. A shift from a fossil‐fueled development to a sustainable one decreases the global area facing a risk doubling from 61% to 33% for flood and from 41% to 23% for drought. South America and Africa are identified as hotspot regions where a concomitant, large increase in both flood and drought risk are projected. The hazard quantification method is ubiquitously the dominant uncertainty source for drought risk changes, while the contribution of uncertainty sources for flood risk changes is highly variable in space.
Aerosol Loading and Radiation Budget Perturbations in Densely Populated and Highly Polluted Indo‐Gangetic Plain by COVID‐19: Influences on Cloud Properties and Air Temperature
Authors: Khatri P. , Hayasaka T. , Holben B. , Tripathi S. N. , Misra P. , Patra P. K. , Hayashida S. , Dumka U. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAerosols emitted in densely populated and industrialized Indo‐Gangetic Plain, one of the most polluted regions in the world, modulate regional climate, monsoon, and Himalayan glacier retreat. Thus, this region is important for understanding aerosol perturbations and their resulting impacts on atmospheric changes during COVID‐19 lockdown period, a natural experimental condition created by the pandemic. By analyzing 5 years (2016–2020) data of aerosols and performing a radiative transfer calculation, we found that columnar and near‐surface aerosol loadings decreased, leading to reductions in radiative cooling at the surface and top of the atmosphere and atmospheric warming during lockdown period. Further, satellite data analyses showed increases in cloud optical thickness and cloud‐particle effective radius and decrease in lower tropospheric air temperature during lockdown period. These results indicate critical influences of COVID‐19 lockdown on regional climate and water cycle over Indo‐Gangetic Plain, emphasizing need for further studies from modeling perspectives.
Initial Acoustoelastic Measurements in Olivine: Investigating the Effect of Stress on P‐ and S‐Wave Velocities
Authors: Traylor T. K. , Burnley P. C. , Whitaker M. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is well known that elasticity is a key physical property in the determination of the structure and composition of the Earth and provides critical information for the interpretation of seismic data. This study investigates the stress‐induced variation in elastic wave velocities, known as the acoustoelastic effect, in San Carlos olivine. A recently developed experimental ultrasonic acoustic system, the Directly Integrated Acoustic System Combined with Pressure Experiments (DIASCoPE), was used with the D‐DIA multi‐anvil apparatus to transmit ultrasonic sound waves and collect the reflections. We use the DIASCoPE to obtain longitudinal (P) and shear (S) elastic wave velocities from San Carlos olivine at pressures ranging from 3.2–10.5 GPa and temperatures from 450–950°C which we compare to the stress state in the D‐DIA derived from synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. We use elastic‐plastic self‐consistent (EPSC) numerical modeling to forward model X‐ray diffraction data collected in D‐DIA experiments to obtain the macroscopic stress on our sample. We can observe the relationship between the relative elastic wave velocity change (ΔV/V) and macroscopic stress to determine the acoustoelastic constants, and interpret our observations using the linearized first‐order equation based on the model proposed by Hughes and Kelly (1953), https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.92.1145. This work supports the presence of the acoustoelastic effect in San Carlos olivine, which can be measured as a function of pressure and temperature. This study will aid in our understanding of the acoustoelastic effect and provide a new experimental technique to measure the stress state in elastically deformed geologic materials at high pressure conditions.
The Cross‐Shore Component in the Vertical Structure of Wave‐Induced Currents and Resulting Offshore Transport
Authors: Lu Jing , Han Guoqi , Song Dehai , Oliver Thomas , Teng Yong , Guo Jingsong , Wu Lunyu , Zhang Cong , Jiang Xingjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA comprehensive field survey was conducted, and a numerical model based on the Princeton Ocean Model was established to investigate the vertical structure of current induced by surface waves and identify its effect on sand loss from a beach. Previous studies have examined wave‐induced longshore transport, whereas this study focused on cross‐shore transport caused by waves. The introduction of vertically dependent radiation stress revealed that wave‐induced vertical gyres existed with onshore and offshore flows in the upper and lower layers, respectively, besides the well‐known wave‐induced longshore flow. It was found that the vertical gyres were caused by the onshore wave force (a gradient of radiation stress) in the upper layer and the offshore wave force usually existed in the lower layer, as well as the horizontal imbalance of local wave force. The locations of wave‐induced vertical gyres were found to correspond to the location of sediment erosion, and thus the lower part of the vertical gyres drove the offshore transport of eroded sediment. Moreover, the vertical gyres were located in areas with a highly variable topographic gradient (e.g., at a bar), and their driven offshore currents (undertow/return flow) extended far beyond the surf zone. The topographic slope had a profound effect on the vertical structure. Numerical experiments showed that an extended breakwater from the eastern headland of the bay could prevent sediment from being eroded. Furthermore, the shear front at the rim of a horizontal gyre could retain suspended sediment in the center of the gyre.
Dietary predictors of prenatal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure
Authors: Eick Stephanie M. , Goin Dana E. , Trowbridge Jessica , Cushing Lara , Smith Sabrina Crispo , Park June-Soo , DeMicco Erin , Padula Amy M. , Woodruff Tracey J. , Morello-Frosch Rachel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly detected in a variety of foods and food packaging materials. However, few studies have examined diet as a potential source of PFAS exposure during pregnancy. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined prenatal PFAS levels in relation to self-reported consumption of meats, dairy products, and processed foods during pregnancy.

Methods
Participants were enrolled in the Chemicals in Our Bodies study, a demographically diverse pregnancy cohort in San Francisco, CA (N = 509). Diet was assessed using a self-reported interview questionnaire administered during the second trimester. Participants were asked on average how many times a day, week, or month they ate 11 different foods since becoming pregnant. Responses were categorized as at least once a week or less than once a week and foods were grouped into three categories: processed foods, dairy products, and meats. Twelve PFAS (ng/mL) were measured in second trimester serum samples. We investigated relationships between consumption of individual dairy products, meats, and processed foods and natural log-transformed PFAS using separate linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and nativity.

Results
Seven PFAS were detected in ≥65% of participants. Consumption of dairy milk and cheese at least once per week was moderately associated with elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) relative to those who ate dairy products less than once week. The strongest associations observed were with PFDeA for dairy milk (β = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.39) and PFNA for cheese (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.41). Eating fish, poultry, and red meat at least once per week was associated with higher levels of perfluoroundecanoic acid, PFDeA, PFNA, and perflucorooctane sulfonic acid.

Conclusions
Results indicate that consumption of animal products may contribute to elevated prenatal PFAS levels.