bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost and impact of scaling up female genital mutilation prevention and care programs: Estimated resource requirements and impact on incidence and prevalence
Authors: Katz Itamar , Sanders Rachel , Carvalho Maria Nadia , Friedman Howard S. , Legesse Berhanu , Winfrey William , Diop Nafissatou 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
SDG 5.3 targets include eliminating harmful practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Limited information is available about levels of investment needed and realistic estimates of potential incidence change. In this work, we estimate the cost and impact of FGM programs in 31 high burden countries.

Methods
This analysis combines program data, secondary data analysis, and population-level costing methods to estimate cost and impact of high and moderate scaleup of FGM programs between 2020 and 2030. Cost per person or community reached was multiplied by populations to estimate costs, and regression analysis was used to estimate new incidence rates, which were applied to populations to estimate cases averted.

Results
Reaching the high-coverage targets for 31 countries by 2030 would require an investment of US$ 3.3 billion. This scenario would avert more than 24 million cases of FGM, at an average cost of US$ 134 per case averted. A moderate-coverage scenario would cost US$ 1.6 billion and avert more than 12 million cases of FGM. However, average cost per case averted hides substantial variation based on country dynamics. The most cost-effective investment would be in countries with limited historic change in FGM incidence, with the average cost per case averted between US$ 3 and US$ 90. The next most effective would be those with high approval for FGM, but a preexisting trend downward, where cost per case averted is estimated at around US$ 240.

Interpretation
This analysis shows that although data on FGM is limited, we can draw useful findings from population-level surveys and program data to guide resource mobilization and program planning.
Predictors of serological cure after penicillin therapy in HIV-negative patients with early syphilis in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Luo Zhenzhou , Ding Yi , Yuan Jun , Tian Lishan , Zhang Li , Wu Qiuhong , Mou Jinsong 
Published: January 2021

Background
Syphilis is a common infectious disease worldwide. Serological monitoring is important for syphilis management. We currently know little about the characteristics of this seronegative response. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with serological cure after treatment of early syphilis.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted and the data of patients with early syphilis in a clinic in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2019 were retrieved. Univariable and multiple Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to identify factors associated with a serological cure state among syphilis patients with early syphilis two years after treatment.

Results
A total of 346 (85.9%) syphilis patients achieved serological cure. The multivariate analysis results revealed that having a baseline TRUST titer >1:8 was associated with an increased probability of serological cure, compared with having a baseline TRUST titer ≤1:8 (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–1.85, P<0.01); primary syphilis was positively associated with serological cure, compared with participants with latent early syphilis (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.27–2.33, P<0.001).

Conclusions
Two years after treatment, a higher percentage of early syphilis patients achieved serological cure. The study indicated that the syphilis stage and baseline serum titer were crucial factors associated with serological cure.
Earlier preterm birth is associated with a worse neurocognitive outcome in a rabbit model
Authors: van der Merwe Johannes , van der Veeken Lennart , Inversetti Analisa , Galgano Angela , Toelen Jaan , Deprest Jan 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) and particularly late preterm PTB has become a research focus for obstetricians, perinatologists, neonatologists, pediatricians and policy makers alike. Translational models are useful tools to expedite and guide clinical but presently no model exists that contextualizes the late PTB scenario. Herein we aimed to develop a rabbit model that echo’s the clinical neurocognitive phenotypes of early and late PTB.MethodsTime mated rabbit does underwent caesarean delivery at a postconceptional age (PCA) of either 28 (n = 6), 29 (n = 5), 30 (n = 4) or 31 (n = 4) days, term = 31 d. Newborn rabbits were mixed and randomly allocated to be raised by cross fostering and underwent short term neurobehavioral testing on corrected post-natal day 1. Open field (OFT), spontaneous alteration (TMT) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests were subsequently performed at 4 and 8 weeks of age.ResultsPTB was associated with a significant gradient of short-term mortality and morbidity inversely related to the PCA. On postnatal day 1 PTB was associated with a significant sensory deficit in all groups but a clear motor insult was only noted in the PCA 29d and PCA 28d groups. Furthermore, PCA 29d and PCA 28d rabbits had a persistent neurobehavioral deficit with less exploration and hyperanxious state in the OFT, less alternation in TMT and lower discriminatory index in the NORT. While PCA 30d rabbits had some anxiety behavior and lower spontaneous alteration at 4 weeks, however at 8 weeks only mild anxiety driven behavior was observed in some of these rabbits.ConclusionsIn this rabbit model, delivery at PCA 29d and PCA 28d mimics the clinical phenotype of early PTB while delivery at PCA 30d resembles that of late PTB. This could serve as a model to investigate perinatal insults during the early and late preterm period.
A Rare Case of Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma to the Stomach and Pancreas Presenting With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: Elkafrawy Ahmed , Numan Laith , Albawaliz Anas , Liu Cynthia , Bahaj Waled , Tawfik Ossama , Hamid Fadi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive primary neuroendocrine tumor of the skin. Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis in MCC is uncommon. We present a case of MCC with metastasis to the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas presenting with melena and obstructive jaundice. A large, bleeding metastatic mass was identified in the duodenum. Hemostasis was achieved with coil embolization. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting of the common bile duct was performed to relieve the obstruction. Close surveillance with positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and possible GI endoscopy should be performed in cases with distant metastasis to identify and treat early GI tract lesions.
Tatalaksana Komplikasi Tromboemboli pada Pasien Terkonfirmasi Corona Virus Disease-19
Authors: Aditia Alfian , Adhi Mahendratama Purnama , Rohman Bagus Fajar , Susianto Oky , Kusumawardhani Erna 
Published: January 2021

Latar Belakang: Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit pandemi yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi tromboemboli sebagai akibat terjadinya koagulopati dengan insidensi sekitar 16.5-21%. Salah satu patofisiologi koagulopati pada pasien COVID-19 disebabkan oleh proses inflamasi. Peningkatan faktor inflamasi, faktor koagulasi, dan skoring klinis digunakan sebagai prediksi terjadinya komplikasi tromboemboli. Pemberian antikoagulan memiliki peran untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi tersebut.Kasus: Pasien laki-laki, 43 tahun, positif COVID-19 dengan skor PADUA = 4, peningkatan D-dimer dan mendapatkan terapi profilaksis antikoagulan. Dalam perawatan hari ke-14, sesak napas memberat, takikardi dan hipoksemia dialami pasien. Didapatkan gambaran Humpton’s hump pada foto toraks dan gambaran elektrokardiography (EKG) pola S1Q3T3 dan corrected QT interval (QTc) 552 mms. Penatalaksanaan pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik dan terapi unfractionated heparin (UFH) dosis terapeutik. Saat pasien bebas dari sedasi, ditemukan kelemahan tubuh bagian kiri.Diskusi: Gejala klinis emboli paru umumnya berupa dispnea/takipnea, takikardi, sianosis, hemoptisis, hipoksemia dengan onset akut. Berdasarkan keparahannya, dibagi menjadi masif, sub-masif, risiko rendah. Gambaran Humpton’s hump pada foto toraks dapat menjadi dugaan terjadi emboli paru. Pemeriksaan computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) merupakan standar diagnosisnya, namun EKG dapat digunakan sebagai modalitas kecurigaan emboli dengan gambaran takikardi/takiaritmia, pola S1Q3T3 dan pemanjangan interval QTc. Pemberian antikoagulan sebagai tromboprofilaksis tetap tidak dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi tromboemboli seperti terjadinya stroke iskemik, tetapi emboli paru merupakan komplikasi tromboemboli yang paling sering terjadi.Kesimpulan: Evaluasi klinis, EKG secara rutin dan kadar D-dimer dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemberian tromboprofilaksis dan dapat menjadi strategi penapisan awal risiko komplikasi tromboemboli. Pada pasien COVID-19 derajat kritis perlu dipertimbangkan pemberian antikoagulan yang lebih agresif dan menggunakan dosis terapeutik.
Flujos de efectivo y entorno económico en las empresas de servicios de Risaralda, 2002-2011.
Authors: Escobar Arias Gabriel Eduardo 
Published: January 2021

Para relacionar los flujos de efectivo con el entorno económico en el cual se desempeña la empresa, es importante realizar un estudio dado que las decisiones tanto de inversión, financiación y de operación deben ser resultado del medio en el cual se realizan las actividades comerciales. El objetivo principal consistió en determinar la relación que presentaron los flujos de efectivo de las empresas de Risaralda del sector de servicios y el comportamiento del entorno económico regional durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Para su desarrollo metodológico, se obtuvieron los flujos de efectivo de las empresas del sector, luego se extrajeron las principales variables macro y finalmente se analizó la correlación entre variables. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció que no existe una correlación entre los flujos de efectivo y las variables macro.
Density Functional Study of Methanol Synthesis from CO Hydrogenation on Cu-Based Catalysts
Authors: Xia Zhenguo , Duan Xiaochen , Yao Yan , Chen Geng , Zhu Yingying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The reaction mechanism of carbon monoxide (CO) hydrogenation to methanol has been carried out theoretically in this paper. The atomic configuration was analyzed by an unlimited B3LYP calculation method in density functional theory. The reaction model for CO hydrogenation to methanol was established by using Gaussian 09. The adsorption sites, bond angles, bond lengths, reaction intermediates, transition-state structures, adsorption energy, reaction-energy barriers, and reaction heat of CO hydrogenation to methanol with different amounts of copper-based catalysts were calculated. The calculations provided the elementary reaction of methanol in the synthesis, and the reaction potential-energy diagram for methanol synthesis was plotted. The optimum reaction path for CO hydrogenation to methanol was as follows: CO→HCO*→H2CO*→H3CO*→CH3OH. The rate-limiting step was the hydrogenation of the methoxy (H3CO) species with an activation barrier of 1.28 eV.
Assessing the effect of radioactive waste glass dissolution on early-stage radionuclide migration using simplified geological repository Monte Carlo transport models
Authors: Lillington Joseph N. P. , Goût Thomas L. , Harrison Mike T. , Iwalewa Tajudeen M. , Farnan Ian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe vitrification of radioactive waste within glass and subsequent disposal within a geological disposal facility (GDF) requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of glass dissolution on GDF performance. This paper aims to analyse the effect of both high-level and intermediate-level waste (HLW and ILW) glass dissolution source terms on radionuclide release into the geosphere just above the disposal vault (the ‘crown’). Radionuclide migration was simulated in GoldSim for HLW in either granite or clay host rocks with a bentonite buffer using carbon steel or copper canisters, whereas ILW simulations considered either granite or clay host rocks, in either bentonite buffer or cement backfill, using concrete or cast-iron canisters. Glass dissolution source terms were varied by coupling GoldSim and MATLAB to modify the initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates of the glass or by applying the analytical GRAAL model to glass dissolution. HLW glass results indicate no preference of granite over clay host rocks for a given canister type but that a copper canister is preferable to steel. ILW results suggest that a granite–bentonite–cast-iron environment yields lowest crown activities with cast-iron preferable to concrete as the canister, bentonite preferable to cement as the buffer/backfill, and granite preferable to clay as the host rock. Varying glass dissolution source terms (initial, residual, and resumption dissolution rates) had an understood effect on radionuclide migration, although changes were arguably insignificant considering peak crown activity for both HLW and ILW.
JUDEX FACTI MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH PROVINSI ACEH DALAM MENANGANI PERKARA CERAI TALAK (Analisis Putusan Nomor 45/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Aceh)
Authors: Hidayatullah H , Burhanuddin H 
Published: January 2021

The judiciary is organized into two levels, the first level of justice is Religious Court/Syar'iyah Court, and the court of appeal is the Religious High Court/Provincial Syar'iyah Court. These two trials are referred to as judex facti. The judex facti function is carried out through several stages, is: formulating facts, looking for cause and effect relationships and figuring out probabilities. So, the background of this research is related to the application of judex facti in Aceh Syar'iyah Court. Based on the analysis of the data carried out, it is concluded that the Judex Facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court in trying and deciding divorce case Number 45/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Aceh has tried to apply in accordance with the principles of law and legislation in force. That is in the ruling the Aceh Syar'iyah Court panel of judges had given maximum consideration to the reasons for the comparison in filing an appeal. However, there are still shortcomings and anomalies related to the reasons for the comparison in submitting a request so that the 10-grand dowry that has not been paid in full is not granted by the panel of judges of the Syar'iyah Court. Because of this, the judiciary of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court was judged to have shortcomings and was not optimal in applying the law. Although in authority the panel of judges may not grant the demands of the comparator as long as they do not conflict with applicable laws and regulations. If judged from the whole, the judex facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court has implemented it in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
« Exprimer l’inexprimable »
Authors: EL AMRAOUI Randa 
Published: January 2021

Comment exprimer l’indicible ? Nous souhaitons étudier cette question en nous basant sur les écrits de ‘Alī al- Huǧwīrī (m.456/ 1072) dénommé « le saint de Ghazna » auteur du célèbre _Kašf al-Maḥǧūb_ (Le dévoilement des mystères) qui expose les avis des soufis des premiers siècles traitant particulièrement de la notion de l’Union (appelée également « _tawḥīd_ », « _waǧd_ », « _ǧamʿ_ » ou « _fanā_’) etc.). Notre étude tentera de montrer que le discours sur l’union spirituelle peut être, pour certains mystiques musulmans, un acte de _širk_. C’est la raison pour laquelle les maîtres utilisaient les _išārāt_ (allusions subtiles) pour diffuser leur enseignement secret qu’ils ne conféraient qu’à très peu de disciples étant donné qu’ils considéraient que cela pouvait constituer un danger si leur savoir se faisait connaitre publiquement, ce qui démontre que les soufis à cette époque étaient conscients de l’aspect ésotérique de leur science. Nous aborderons également la notion essentielle de _šaṭḥ_ (les paradoxes mystiques). C’est un phénomène pouvant être défini comme une tentative « d’exprimer l’inexprimable », un débordement lors de l’ivresse (_sukr_) et l’extase (_waǧd_), des paroles déroutantes pour le profane, pourtant à portée symbolique. Par ailleurs, nous aborderons le statut de la métaphore. Les soufis ont recours à cela car ils considèrent que la réalité de leurs extases ne peut être dite explicitement. Enfin, nous mettrons en avant l’attitude discrète des soufis des premiers siècles pour qui le soufisme se définit comme la voie du goût _(ḏawq)_ et de la _contemplation (mušāhada)_ et non de la spéculation. C’est pourquoi certains maîtres invitaient leurs disciples à vivre en marge de leur société, et dans son _Kašf al-Maḥǧūb,_ Huǧwīrī définit la véritable spiritualité comme _« une réalité sans nom_ ». Il met en garde contre ce qu’il appelle « _Ahl al ‘ibārāt_ » (les partisans des mots) Ceci soulève la question importante de « la lettre et de l’esprit ». La lettre étant, pour les soufis ; un attribut (_rasm_) relève du _ẓāhir_ (apparent), alors que l’esprit est le sens (_maʿnā_) et l’essence des mots, et donc elle est par définition cachée (_bāṭin_). Selon les partisans de la doctrine de la sobriété, la discrétion est une condition nécessaire dans la Voie pour se protéger du blâme et des calomnies de la part de ceux qui n’ont pas connu un vécu extatique.
Le soufisme ou la mystique chez Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī
Authors: KENANAH Faisal 
Published: January 2021

La vie mouvementée de notre auteur l’a-t-il poussé à adopter le mysticisme ou bien cette doctrine était-elle ancrée en lui depuis son enfance ? Que signifie cette doctrine pour lui ? Comment parle-t-il de cette doctrine dans ses ouvrages ? Dans cet article, nous traçons rapidement le parcours intellectuel d’Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī afin d’étudier son attachement au soufisme et de voir le rapport qu’il entretenait avec cette doctrine et ses écrits, en particulier à la fin de sa vie et son état de conscience par rapport à son expérience vécue.
"Fiqh" et "Taṣawwuf"
Authors: HAJJAR Mohyedine 
Published: January 2021

La relation entre _fiqh_ et _taṣawwuf_ demeure extrêmement sensible en raison de la potentielle altération des règles juridiques à l’aune de l’influence des dispositions spirituelles et inversement. L’analyse croisée de leurs définitions respectives nous montre que les deux disciplines ont des objets distincts : le _fiqh_ se limite aux actes « pratiques » tandis que le _taṣawwuf_ se limite aux actes ésotériques. Cependant, elles disposent d’une finalité identique et concordante : la recherche de la satisfaction divine. L’indépendance des objets ne signifie pas une indépendance des thèmes, l’influence entre les deux disciplines est une relation de complémentarité. Le _taṣawwuf_ concerne les actes ésotériques (intérieurs) constituant le début de la validité des actes exotériques, et le _fiqh_ permet d’encadrer et de déterminer les actes ésotériques en concordance avec les dispositions juridiques établies par la Législation divine dans sa dimension exotérique. Cette analyse est corroborée par des exemples de l’influence réciproque entre les deux disciplines.
FİBROMİYALJİ SENDROMU OLAN HASTALARDA miRNA PROFİLLERİNİN ROLÜ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: RASULOVA Khayala , PEHLİVAN Melek , DİLEK Banu , KIZILDAĞ Sefa 
Published: January 2021

Fibromiyalji sendromu (FMS), diğer semptomlarla ilişkili
kronik kas-iskelet sistemi ağrı bozukluğudur. Esas
olarak ağrı, yorgunluk ve uyku bozukluğu ile karakterizedir.
Fibromiyaljinin etiyolojisinde genetik, immünolojik
ve hormonal birçok faktör önemli rol oynamaktadır.
Bu patolojik durum popülasyonun yaklaşık %3-10'unu
etkilemektedir. Görülme sıklığı açısından, kadınlarda
erkeklerden daha fazla görülmektedir. Kadınlar erkeklerden
daha şiddetli belirtiler ve daha düşük ağrı eşiği
göstermektedir. Bu yüzden araştırmaların çoğu kadın
deneklere odaklanmıştır.
MikroRNA'lar (miRNA), insan genlerinin en az %30'
unu düzenlemektedirler. Son yıllarda miRNA’lar hastalık
süreçlerinde ve fizyolojik yolaklarda gen ekspresyonunun
önemli modülatörleri olarak tanımlanmıştır.
Bununla birlikte her miRNA yüzlerce genin regülasyonundan
sorumlu olabilir. miRNA’lar translasyonun
engellenmesi veya hedef haberci RNA'nın yıkımı yoluyla
transkripsiyon sonrası gen ekspresyonunu inhibe
ederler.
Bu derlemenin amacı miRNA’ların FMS hastalığındaki
rolünü tartışmaktır. Yapılan çalışmalara göre, FMS
hastalarında bazı miRNA ekspresyon düzeylerinin
değiştiği saptanmıştır. Farklı hücresel bölmelerdeki
miRNA'ların varlığı ve hücre dışı ortamdaki kararlılıkları,
FMS gibi karmaşık hastalıkların etiyolojisini daha
iyi anlamak için onları ilgi çekici aday biyobelirteçler
yapmaktadır.
Prostat Kanseri Tanı ve Lokal İnvazyon Değerlendirmesinde Multiparametrik Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Önemi
Authors: AYDIN Hüseyin , BALCI Mustafa 
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Prostat kanseri (PCa) tanısı ve kanser dışı prostat hastalıklarından (KDPH) ayırımında multiparametrik manyetik rezonans görüntülemenin (mpMRG) önemi değerlendirilmiştir.
Materyal Metod: Aralık 2017 ile Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında, prostat kanseri (PCa) ön tanısı ile mpMRG yapılan 99 hastanın görüntüleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Standart MpMRG çekim protokolü T2A TSE (aksiyel-koronal-sagital), T1A TSE (axial-koronal-sagital), difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüleme (DAG) ve T1A dinamik kontrastlı inceleme (DKİ) sekanslarından oluştu. Lezyonların lokasyonu, morfolojisi, ekstraprostatik yayılımı (EPY), T2A sinyal intensite (T2SI) değerleri, difüzyon kısıtlılığı, kontrastlanma eğri paternleri, maksimum kontrastlanma değeri (Cmax), maksimum kontrastlanmaya ulaşması için geçen süre (akselerasyon zaman: AZ) değerlendirildi. Bulgular arasındaki ilişki SPSS 20.0 programı ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 99 olgunun 75’inin Prostat Ca (PCa), 24’ünün KDPH histopatolojik tanısı vardı. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 66.5±7.4 idi. Periferal zon yerleşimli lezyonlarda “apparent diffusion coefficient” (ADC) (p
Epidemiology and clinical features of congenital malformations of uri-nary system organs in conditions of environmental distress
Authors: Pukhova T. G. , Chirkova O. N. , Sitnikova E. P. , Dashichev K. V. , Leontiev I. A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To establish the features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital malformations of the urinary system in the zone of environmental distress.
Material and methods. We analyzed the overall prevalence of nephropathies and the proportion of congenital malformations of the urinary system in the dynamics from 2001 to 2019; 697 patients aged 118 years were examined with assessment of clinical and anamnestic, laboratory, instrumental and radiological data in accordance with diagnostic standards and protocols. We studied the features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital kidney and urinary tract diseases in an area with an unfavorable environmental situation.
Results. Over the past 2 decades, the general prevalence of nephropathies in the children's population has increased with an elevation in the proportion of congenital malformations of the urinary system. These indicators are significantly higher in an area with a high level of anthropogenic environmental pollution than in an area with a relatively favorable environmental situation. Features of congenital pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract in patients living in an environmentally unfavorable zone were revealed: the presence of mass deficiency, reduced resistance, combination with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome, more frequent attachment of microbial-inflammatory process, decreased concentration and evacuation function of the kidneys.
Conclusions. These features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of congenital malformations of the urinary system in patients living in a region with a high level of environmental pollution should be taken into account when carrying out their medical support.