bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object and handling handshapes in 11 sign languages: towards a typology of the iconic use of the hands
Authors: Nyst Victoria , Morgado Marta , Hadjah Timothy Mac , Nyarko Marco , Martins Mariana , van der Mark Lisa , Burichani Evans , Angoua Tano , Magassouba Moustapha , Sylla Dieydi , Admasu Kidane , Schüller Anique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article looks at cross-linguistic variation in lexical iconicity, addressing the question of to what extent and how this variation is patterned. More than in spoken languages, iconicity is highly frequent in the lexicons of sign languages. It is also highly complex, in that often multiple motivated components jointly shape an iconic lexeme. Recent typological research on spoken languages finds tentative iconic patterning in a large number of basic lexical items, underlining once again the significance of iconicity for human language. The uncontested and widespread use of iconicity found in the lexicons of sign languages enables us to take typological research into lexical iconicity to the next level. Indeed, previous studies have shown cross-linguistic variation in: a) the use of embodying and handling handshapes in sign languages (mostly of European origin) and b) the frequency of space-based size depiction in African and European sign languages. The two types of variation may be interrelated, as handling handshapes may use space-based size depiction. In this study, we first replicate earlier studies on the distribution of embodying and handling handshapes, this time in a data set consisting of a relatively large set of sign languages (n = 11), most of which are used in Africa. The results confirm significant variation across these sign languages. These findings are then compared to the use of space-based size depiction, revealing that these patterns independently from the distribution of embodying/handling handshapes. We argue that the results call for expanding typological studies on representational strategies in iconic signs beyond the now relatively well studied instrument/manipulation alternation. Fine-grained analyses on a multitude of iconic features in signs are likely to reveal cross-linguistic variation in iconic tendencies in SL lexicons.
Assessment of the quality of atmospheric air in woodlands of natural areas based on the intensity analysis of the process of dry deposition of impurities on an artificial underlying surface
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir , Bednova Olga , Tarasova Natalia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To assess the quality of atmospheric air, the authors propose to apply the process of dry deposition of impurities on an artificial underlying surface that binds impurities in contact with it. The mass of these impurities is calculated upon laboratory exposure, after being transferred to an aqueous solution. The ease of absorber fabrication and the low cost facilitate the monitoring of air pollution at various points in woodlands, where the stationary stations for air-pollution-monitoring are very difficult and costly to arrange. A large number of control points makes it possible to identify forest areas with the highest levels of air pollution. A dynamic air-quality study at one of the monitoring points is necessary and sufficient to determine the concentration of impurities. The authors surveyed an urban forest using the proposed method, and the survey results confirmed that areas with an elevated concentration of airborne nitrogen dioxide exist within the woodland. This can lead to soil eutrophication and changes in forest biodiversity at the species and ecosystem levels.
Jacques Tati and the Philosophy of the Sight Gag
Authors: Turvey Malcolm 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In his article “Notes on the Sight Gag” from 1991, the philosopher Noël Carroll proposed a taxonomy of sight gags that recur throughout the genre of comedian comedy in cinema. This article revisits and augments Carroll’s taxonomy by analyzing the sight gags found in the films of Jacques Tati (1907-1982). Tati worked in a very different context than that of the silent Hollywood filmmakers from whose comic films Carroll largely derives his categories. He began making films in the sound era, and five of his six feature films were made in color. As a French filmmaker, he also sought to adapt the genre of comedian comedy in cinema to his culturally specific concerns. This article shows that he drew on at least three of the types of sight gag identified by Carroll. But he modified some of them and innovated several other kinds.
The Laughing Philosopher: The Affectionate Laughter of Agnes Heller
Authors: Nikulin Dmitri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is a critical interpretation of the role of laughter in the work of Agnes Heller. Following the distinction between innate affect and culturally conditioned emotion, Heller argues that laughter is an affect that comes as the expressive reaction to the hiatus between the social and the natural. As such, laughter is ubiquitous and yet remains ultimately undefinable, because it signifies the unbridgeable gap between the two worlds that we inhabit at the same time. Laughter thus sonorously presents our human condition as expressible yet not graspable according to a single theory of laughter (superiority, relief, incongruity, and ambivalence, as defined by D. H. Monro), or any combination thereof. Paraphrasing Immanuel Kant, laughter is ultimately the instinct of reason that liberates us from the illusion that a resolution between the two conflicting constituents of our existence is ultimately possible.
Der prix de morale der Akademie von Dijon für das Jahr 1750
Authors: Urmann Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article reconsiders Rousseau’s famous Discours sur les sciences et les arts within the medial and institutional context of the prize question (prix de morale) proposed by the Academy of Dijon for the year 1750. To do so, it pays special attention to the contributions submitted by Rousseau’s (thirteen) competitors, which so far have hardly been analysed by historians of literature and philosophy. The paper also expands on the institutional and social structure of the Academy of Dijon as well as the particular profile of its morality prizes organized since 1743. In addition, the article situates the contest of 1750 in the broader context of the concours académique and outlines the evolution of the genre with its specific rhetorical traditions since the end of the seventeenth century. Thus, the crucial question, how the Academy of Dijon came to select Rousseau’s text, can be approached from a different angle. Finally, this perspective also sheds new light upon certain aspects of a major work in the history of philosophy - the Discours sur les sciences et les arts.
Das Zeitkriterium in der Gattungstheorie und die frühmoderne Lyrikdiskussion
Authors: Lindel Korbinian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In genre theory, epic, dramatic and lyric poetry are often defined in terms of the past, present or future. This association of genres and time tenses is, howewer, far from being self-evident: The idea is widely unknown before 1800. Following recent studies on time and genre, my article traces this ›time criterion‹ back from Emil Staiger to its origins in the mid-18th century and into the German and French Enlightenment’s discourses on poetry.
Expressions of the Interior: Physiognomic Knowledge in Lavater, Goethe, and Alexander von Humboldt
Authors: Klausmeyer Bryan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article examines the role of Johann Caspar Lavater’s (1741-1801) physiognomic ideas in shaping the relationship between the natural sciences and aesthetics at the turn of the nineteenth century. Using the examples of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s early morphological writing and Alexander von Humboldt’s Ideen zu einer Physiognomik der Gewächse (1806), it makes the case for the importance of Lavater’s »scientific« physiognomy for understanding the discursive- epistemological shift from the sensual empiricism of the eighteenth century to the perception of the invisible around 1800. Far from a direct line of intellectual- historical continuity from Lavater to Goethe and Humboldt, this article contends that the diffuse uptake of physiognomic concepts by exponents of Romantic science gave them a new meaning in relation to the study of ›life‹ and its hidden dynamics as well as with respect to the roles of art and aesthetics in comprehending nature’s ›interior‹.
Ein Ensemble ungewöhnlicher Reliefs im Militärpalast von Ninive
Authors: Miglus Peter A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Out of the looting tunnels on Tell Nebi Yunus at Nineveh, which were dug into the ruins of the Late Assyrian military palace by henchmen of the so-called Islamic State, there came, amongst other objects, relief panels featuring anthropomorphic representations. These figures, shown in frontal view, are unusual when compared to the wider repertoire of Assyrian images known from the royal palaces on Kuyunjik. The decoration and context of these stone slabs raise questions regarding their function.
Field Test on the Isolation Effects of Duxseal-WIB Subjected to Vertical Excitation Forces
Authors: Ying Wang , Zhisong Zhang , Meng Gao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a new vibration isolation technology for perforated wave-impeding blocks (conventional WIBs) filled with Duxseal (DXWIB). A series of field tests were performed on conventional WIB, porous WIB, and DXWIB under different distances and frequencies. Accordingly, we discuss (a) the influence of distance and frequency on the vibration isolation performance of these three methods and (b) the vibration isolation efficiency of these three methods. The test results showed that compared with conventional WIB and porous WIB, the vibration isolation of DXWIB was more efficient. For acceleration, the average vibration screening effects of DXWIB were improved by 53.0 %, 54.3 %, and 69.6 % in the X-, Y-, and Z-directions, respectively. As for displacement, the average vibration screening effects were improved by 56.8 %, 52.5 %, and 65.8 %. Moreover, DXWIB greatly increase the frequency bandwidth of vibration reduction, and has an excellent vibration isolation performance at frequencies of 5–70 Hz, which improves the defects of conventional WIB due to its design mechanism. The study creatively combines the wave-impeding block with the vibration-absorbing material Duxseal for vibration isolation, which greatly improves the efficiency of vibration isolation and enriches the methods used for vibration isolation.
Reduced Power in Fronto-Parietal Theta EEG Linked to Impaired Attention-Sampling in Adult ADHD
Authors: Cowley Benjamin Ultan , Juurmaa Kristiina , Palomäki Jussi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is understudied, especially regarding neural mechanisms such as oscillatory control of attention sampling. We report an electroencephalography (EEG) study of such cortical mechanisms, in ADHD-diagnosed adults during administration of Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a gold-standard continuous performance test for ADHD that measures the ability to sustain attention and inhibit impulsivity. We recorded 53 adults (28 female, 25 male, aged 18–60), and 18 matched healthy controls, using 128-channel EEG. We analyzed sensor-space features established as neural correlates of attention: timing-sensitivity and phase-synchrony of response activations, and event-related (de)synchronization (ERS/D) of α and θ frequency band activity; in frontal and parietal scalp regions. TOVA test performance significantly distinguished ADHD adults from neurotypical controls, in commission errors, response time variability (RTV) and d′ (response sensitivity). The ADHD group showed significantly weaker target-locked and response-locked amplitudes, that were strongly right-lateralized at the N2 wave, and weaker phase synchrony (longer reset poststimulus). They also manifested significantly less parietal prestimulus 8-Hz θ ERS, less frontal and parietal poststimulus 4-Hz θ ERS, and more frontal and parietal prestimulus α ERS during correct trials. These differences may reflect excessive modulation of endogenous activity by strong entrainment to stimulus (α), combined with deficient modulation by neural entrainment to task (θ), which in TOVA involves monitoring stimulus spatial location (not predicted occurrence onset which is regular and task-irrelevant). Building on the hypotheses of θ coding for relational structure and rhythmic attention sampling, our results suggest that ADHD adults have impaired attention sampling in relational categorization tasks.
A rare case of macroprolactinoma in a patient with Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome
Authors: Zainordin Nur Aisyah , Mohd Shah Fatimah Zaherah , Eddy Warman Nur Aini , Wan Muhammad Hatta Sharifah Faradila , Mohamad Aimi Fadilah , Abdul Ghani Rohana 
Published: December 2021

Summary
A 17-year-old lady presented with primary amenorrhoea, headache, nausea and lethargy. She had delayed pubertal development that also includes under-developed breast (Tanner Stage 2). Hormonal investigations showed a high serum prolactin level of 1 680 000 mIU/L (normal value: 45–375 mIU/L), with low oestradiol, progesterone, follicular-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Early morning cortisol level was 206 nmol/L (normal value: >450 nmol/L), thyroxine was 7.5 pmol/L (normal value: 9.0–24.0 pmol/L) with TSH 5.091 mIU/L (normal value: 0.4–4.5 mlU/L). A pituitary MRI showed a 2.7 (AP) × 3.7 (W) × 4.6 cm (CC) macroadenoma, with invasion into the left cavernous sinus and encasement of cavernous portion of the left internal carotid artery. MRI pelvis showed absent uterus, cervix and 2/3 upper vagina confirming Mullerian hypoplasia. Cytogenetics showed 46XX. These findings were suggestive of Mayer–Rokitansky–Kauser–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome with the presence of a pituitary macroprolactinoma and panhypopituitarism. She was treated with hydrocortisone, levothyroxine and cabergoline. Repeated MRI showed a reduction in tumour size by approximately 50%. This case illustrated a rare coexistence of these two conditions, being only the third reported case in the world. In addition, this would be the first case of a functioning pituitary adenoma in a patient with MRKH syndrome.

Learning points

Comprehensive hormonal and radiological investigations are important in the management of a young patient with primary amenorrhoea.

Coexistence pathology of two separate pathologies should be considered in patient presenting with primary amenorrhoea.

Early diagnosis of MRKH or any disorders of sex development should be treated early, providing pharmacological, surgical, psychological and emotional support to the patient and reducing risk of associated complications.

Abnormal pituitary hormones, particularly panhypopituitarism, would impose greater impact not only psychologically but also metabolically leading to cardiovascular, morbidity and mortality risks in this patient if not treated early.

A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for patients presenting with MRKH to ensure appropriate treatments and follow-up across the lifespan of the patient.
ПРОФЕСІЙНА РОБОТА ТА МАТЕРІАЛЬНІ УМОВИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПОВІТОВИХ АДВОКАТІВ ГАЛИЧИНИ НА РУБЕЖІ ХІХ–ХХ СТОЛІТЬ
Authors: Кобута Степан 
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу професійної діяльності українських галицьких повітових адвокатів на рубежі ХІХ–ХХ століть. Географічними рамками визначено територію сучасної Івано-Франківщини (Станиславівщини). Проаналізовано географію та розвиток адвокатського стану на повітовому рівні, специфіку професійної діяльності, суспільний статус та рівень матеріальних умов життя українських правозахисників.
Українські адвокати свою професійну діяльність спрямовували на захист прав співвітчизників, провадили діловодство і правовий захист українською мовою, зрозумілою для їхніх клієнтів. Цей аспект був важливим для малограмотних українських селян, які вбачали у “своїх” адвокатах захисників не тіль­ки майнових чи соціальних, але й національних прав.
За спеціалізацією участі в судових процесах адвокати поділялися на карних оборонців і циві­ліс­тів. До визначних карних оборонців серед станиславівських адвокатів належали Л. Бачинський, В. Дуди­кевич, Т. Окуневський, К. Трильовський, А. Чайковський. Висококласними захисниками цивільного права вважалися І. Мандичевський, І. Макух, Ю. Олесницький, Й. Партицький, І. Ганкевич. Значний обсяг робо­ти припадав на адвокатів невеличких повітових містечок, які вели різноманітні справи на рівні повітових судів першої інстанції.
Своєю професійною працею та громадською діяльністю українські адвокати формували новий соціальний тип українського галицького інтелігента – освіченого, заможного, успішного. Їх ділова рес­пек­табельність, матеріальний достаток ставали взірцем фаховості і статусності, прикладом для наслідування. Це був поступовий шлях модернізації української нації, де правнича адвокатська верства зайняла місце провідника у національному русі Галичини, продемонструвала приклад станової і соціальної самореалізації.
Ключові слова: адвокати, Галичина, захисник у цивільних справах, канцелярія адвокатська, кар­ний оборонець, правник
ПАРЛАМЕНТСЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ВАСИЛЯ КОВАЛЬСЬКОГО (1873–1891 рр.)
Authors: Кавацюк Дмитро 
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена діяльності галицького політика Василя Ковальського в австрійському парламенті в 1873–1891 рр. під час V–VII каденцій. Автор дав оцінку виступам депутата на засіданнях Палати послів рейхсрату, здійснив підрахунок поданих ним петицій, інтерпеляцій і виголошених промов у порівнянні з іншими тогочасними депутатами: Іваном Озаркевичем, Едуардом Гербстом, Францом Короніні та Евзебіусом Черкавським. Політик лобіював інтереси українського шкільництва, сприяв мо­дернізації законодавства у сфері судівництва, вирішував питання фінансової дотації Греко-католицькій церкві. З’ясовано відносини В. Ковальського з іншими депутатами парламенту, насамперед Едуардом Гербстом і Францом Короніні, та основні напрями його багатогранної діяльності. Особливу увагу при­ді­лено виборчим кампаніям в округах, де політик виступав кандидатом і завдяки яким потрапив до пар­ла­менту. Висвітлено участь В. Ковальського у виборах до Палати послів у Галицькому сеймі 1867–1871 рр. Основним джерелом для написання статті стали протоколи засідань австрій­ського пар­ла­мен­ту та Галицького крайового сейму, де міститься інформація про обрання В. Ковальського до Палати послів, повний зміст його виступів, а також періодичні видання, спогади сучасників подій тощо.
Ключові слова: В. Ковальський, Палата депутатів (послів), парламент, вибори, Галицький сейм, інтерпеляція, петиція.
EDITORIAL
Authors: HUBBARD JOHN P. 
Published: December 2021

THE first step of the Committee for Improvement of Child Health has been a big one. The Committee has drawn up a recommendation for federal support of pediatric education.
This recommendation arises directly out of the Academy's nation-wide two-year Study of Child Health Services and is the first specific action taken by the ICH Committee. It is a step which has not been undertaken lightly. The proposal was drawn up after consideration in two meetings and consultation with deans of medical schools and heads of pediatric departments, officials of the Federal Security Administration and others particularly concerned. The recommendation was then submitted to the Executive Board and received the unanimous approval of the Board at a special meeting in Chicago on February 8, 1948.
MULTIPLE CYSTIC TUBERCULOSIS OF THE BONES
Authors: BIRDSONG MCLEMORE , L'ENGLE CAMILLUS S. 
Published: December 2021

MULTIPLE cystic tuberculous cranial lesions are uncommon. Meng and Wu have reported 40 cases involving the skull, and Gibson has described 32 cases involving multiple lesions over the skeletal system. These two reports point out that in countries where tuberculosis is prevalent, multiple tuberculous lesions of other bones are common.
Jungling called attention to multiple cystic lesions in the bones in nine cases and chose to refer to the condition as osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica. The lesions he described were in the small bones of the hands and feet almost entirely, and occurred in adults. A large majority of the cases mentioned were not confirmed by recovery of the tubercle bacillus from the lesions.
In recent years Lyford, Hsieh, et al, Stalmann, Kelly and Sailer, Law and Perham, Martin, Fox, Frost, and Martin and Fogel, have all reported cases of multiple tuberculous bone lesions. Most of these cases have sufficient information to confirm the diagnosis. However, since proven cases of multiple cystic tuberculosis are uncommon in pediatric literature, this being the fourteenth case reported, it seem worth while to record it.
History: No. 222,524, T.B.E., a 13 months old white male child, was admitted with a complaint of subcutaneous swellings and fever for eight months' duration.
Except for several episodes of diarrhea the child was well until he was five months of age. At that time it was noticed that he had swellings on both sides of the neck. During the eight months prior to admission swellings appeared in the axilla, in the groin, on the anterior surface of the right upper leg, on the fourth finger of the right hand, and on the right side of the head. Some of the swellings attained the size of 1.5 cm. They did not increase or decrease in size. They never suppurated nor drained. The swellings were quite tender. At times the nodes softened, only to harden again. After the eighth month of life the child neither gained nor lost weight though he ate fairly well. He ran an intermittent fever, and, for one month prior to admission here, he ran a daily fever as high as 38.8°C.
The child had been treated elsewhere with penicillin and X-ray therapy. A biopsy specimen taken from a node on the right side of the neck was sent to this hospital, and was reported as tuberculous adenitis.
Past history revealed no exposure to tuberculosis. The mother and father had had negative chest X-rays elsewhere. The child had always received raw cow's milk.
THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC
Authors: PARK EDWARDS A. , LONDON ARTHUR H. 
Published: December 2021

In the fall of 1943, a group of members of the State Medical Society began a study of medical needs of North Carolina. It was obvious that citizens of many sections were not receiving adequate medical care. While this condition was accentuated by the war, it was known to have existed for many years and that the requirements would likely increase after the war. These doctors were of the opinion that organized medicine within the state has a very definite responsibility in furnishing leadership for a movement that would bring improved medical attention to larger groups of citizens.
While North Carolina has made much progress economically in the past two decades, it, nevertheless, has a comparatively low per capita income—this, of course, is true of most southern states. It ranks third from last in the nation in the ratio of doctors to the population, and is almost as low with regard to hospital beds. Thirty-four of its 100 counties have no hospital beds, and 55 counties have no beds for Negroes. Seventy-three per cent of its population lives in rural areas—towns of 2,500 or less. Roughly, 70% of its doctors live in 10 of the more populous counties.
After many discussions, the group agreed that the following factors were of importance in the overall problems:
1) Shortage of medical personnel, hospitals and their unequal distribution.
2) Inability of a large number of persons to pay for good medical service.
3) Lack of information or initiative on how to use facilities