bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey to Determine Knowledge of Bioactive Forages Among Small Ruminant Producers
Authors: Whitley Niki C , Pulsifer Chelsea , Terrill Thomas H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A short survey was conducted in 2019 to determine knowledge of bioactive forages for parasite control, including specifically Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), before or during small ruminant workshops (also available online via SurveyMonkey® - link sent to a small ruminant email list). Questions also included livestock owned, hay grown and/or fed, and interest in bioactive forages, among others. Descriptive statistics were obtained by using weighted (by region for goat numbers) SURVEYMEANS procedures (SAS). A total of 151 surveys were completed, including paper (n = 45) and online responses (n = 106). Response rate for paper surveys was 90%. Twenty-six of the fifty states were represented and assigned to regions: Southeast (SE), Midwest (MW), Northeast (NE), and southwestern and western combined (SWW). The highest responses came from the SE (unweighted), but after weighting, the SWW region was represented at the highest level (P &lt; 0.001). Nearly 100% of respondents had small ruminants on their farm, most fed both grass and legume hay (P &lt; 0.001), 36.5 ± 8.6% raised hay, but very few sold hay (4.9 ± 1.5%; less than those that did not, P &lt; 0.001). The most popular method of marketing for hay was “word of mouth” (P &lt; 0.001). Prior knowledge of forage plants with bioactivity was noted for 78.0 ± 8.1% (P &lt; 0.001) vs those without. Approximately a third of respondents had used or grown sericea lespedeza (32.8 ± 8.4%; P &lt; 0.05) and most (tendency, P &lt; 0.07) thought of it favorably. Almost half of respondents indicated they were willing to grow sericea lespedeza (P &lt; 0.02). Other sericea lespedeza products of interest to respondents included primarily pellets (around 85.3 ± 8.3%), with little interest in silage (2.2 ± 1.1%; P &lt; 0.0001). Producer surveys, such as this, help inform efforts for researchers and Extension staff.
Assessing the Use of Biometric Ear Tags as Body Temperature Monitoring Devices in Swine
Authors: Amerson Ellie A , Moss Harrison , Kumar Suresh , Brandebourg Terry D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is difficult to detect the subtle changes associated with sickness behaviors in individual pigs early enough to prevent disease outbreaks in group housing settings within large production facilities. This failure results in significant losses to the swine industry. Strategies that allow early detection of parameters such as febrile responses could therefore significantly improve herd health and producer profitability. Our objective was to determine if the use of a biometric ear tag capable of measuring temperature could be used to accurately monitor body temperature in swine. To accomplish this, 42-d-old pigs (n = 21) were fitted with biometric ear tags for 35 d. These devices continuously measured auricular skin temperature and allowed data collection via a paired raspberry pi aggregator. During this period, repeated epidermal temperatures were also taken daily on the rump, shoulder, and ear using a clinical grade infrared thermometer. Correlation analysis using the PROC CORR procedure of SAS was then conducted to determine the ability of the biometric device to estimate body temperature relative to estimates from the clinical device. Infrared temperature readings for the ear significantly correlated with those taken at the shoulder (P &lt; 0.0001) and rump (P &lt; 0.0001). Importantly, temperature readings measured by the biometric ear tags also significantly correlated with infrared readings at the ear (P &lt; 0.0001), shoulder (P &lt; 0.0001) and rump (P &lt; 0.0001) with Pearson Correlation coefficients of 0.51, 0.21, and 0.23, respectively. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that the biometric ear tag device tested during this trial can be used to continuously monitor body temperature in young swine. These results indicate that further efforts to develop these devices as novel herd health monitoring devices is indeed warranted with the next step involving the assessment of their ability to detect physiological changes in body temperature.
A combination ofLactobacillus buchneriandPediococcus pentosaceusextended the aerobic stability of conventional and brown midrib mutants–corn hybrids ensiled at low dry matter concentrations by causing a major shift in their bacterial and fungal community
Authors: Romero Juan J , Park Jin , Joo Younghoo , Zhao Yuchen , Killerby Marjorie , Reyes Diana C , Tiezzi Francesco , Gutierrez-Rodriguez Eduardo , Castillo Miguel S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of applying a combination inoculant to four corn hybrids harvested at high moisture on their nutritive value and microbial populations. The treatment design was the factorial combination of corn hybrids ensiled with (INO) and without (CON) inoculant. The hybrids were TMF2R737 (MCN), F2F817 (MBR), P2089YHR (PCN), and PI144XR (PBR), ensiled at dry matter (DM) concentrations of 30.5%, 26.3%, 31.1%, and 31.5%, respectively; MBR and PBR were brown midrib mutants (BMR). The inoculant contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 × 105 and 1 × 105 cfu/g of fresh corn). The experiment had a complete randomized design with treatments replicated six times. Corn was treated or not with inoculant, packed into 7.6 L bucket silos, and stored for 100 d. At d 0, the relative abundance (RA, %) of Enterobacteriaceae was lower in PBR vs. the other hybrids [51.3 vs. x¯ = (average of) 58.4] and in the case of fungi, incertae sedis (i.s.) Tremellales and Mucoraceae were more and less abundant, respectively, in conventional hybrids vs. BMRs (x¯= 25.8 vs. x¯ = 13.9 and x¯ = 3.64 vs. x¯ = 7.52; P &lt; 0.04). After ensiling, INO had higher LAB (9.3 vs. 7.1 log cfu/g of fresh corn) and acetic acid (3.44% vs. 1.32% of DM) and lower yeast (3.1 vs. 4.6) and molds (1.5 vs. 3.0), and also extended the aerobic stability (582 vs. 111 h) but decreased DM recovery (95.6% vs. 97.4%) vs. CON (P &lt; 0.02). Inoculation reduced bacterial phylogenetic diversity (6.75 vs. 14.4) but increased fungal observed taxonomical units (46 vs. 20) vs. CON (P &lt; 0.01). Also, a higher relative abundance (RA) for Lactobacillaceae (99.2% vs. 75.7%) and lower for Enterobacteriaceae (0.28 vs. 9.93) was observed due to inoculation (P &lt; 0.001). For fungi, INO had a lower RA compared to CON for Monascaceae (12.6 vs. 44.7) and increased i.s. Tremellales (8.0 vs. 1.2) and i.s. Saccharomycetales (6.4% vs. 0.3%; P &lt; 0.006). Inoculation changed the diverse bacterial community found in the phyllosphere across hybrids to a taxonomically uneven one dominated by Lactobacillaceae. In the case of fungi, INO application increased the fungal diversity at d 100 mainly by reducing the dominance of Monascaceae vs. CON. In conclusion, the INO treatment overwhelmed the disparate microbial populations found across BMR and conventional hybrids ensiled at low DM concentrations and ensured a significant concentration of acetic acid that modified fungal populations and in turn extended the aerobic stability of all hybrids.
Quantities of ash, Ca, and P in metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia are better correlated with total body bone ash in growing pigs than ash, Ca, and P in other bones
Authors: Lee Su A , Lagos L Vanessa , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective was to determine correlations between individual bones and total body bone ash to identify the bone that is most representative of total body bone ash in growing pigs. Twenty growing pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 diets that were formulated to contain 60% or 100% of the requirement for standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P. Both diets had an STTD Ca to STTD P ratio of 1.90:1. Growth performance and carcass weights were determined. Metacarpals, metatarsals, femur, tibia, fibula, 3rd and 4th ribs, and 10th and 11th ribs, and all other bones from the left half of the carcass were collected separately. Each bone was defatted and ashed. Pigs fed the diet containing 100% of required Ca and P had greater (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain, gain to feed, and ash concentration (%) in total and all individual bones except femur and fibula compared with pigs fed the diet containing 60% of required Ca and P. Calcium and P concentrations in bone ash were not affected by dietary treatments. Weights (g) of bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P were greater (P &lt; 0.05) or tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10) for pigs fed the diet containing 100% of required Ca and P. Correlation coefficients between the weight of ashed metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia and the weight of total bone ash were &gt;0.95. In conclusion, metacarpals, metatarsals, and tibia were more representative of total body bone ash compared with other bones.
Toys or Tools? Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Mosquito and Vector Control Programs
Authors: Faraji Ary , Haas-Stapleton Eric , Sorensen Brad , Scholl Marty , Goodman Gary , Buettner Joel , Schon Scott , Lefkow Nicholas , Lewis Colin , Fritz Bradley , Hoffman Clint , Williams Greg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganized mosquito control programs (MCP) in the United States have been protecting public health since the early 1900s. These programs utilize integrated mosquito management for surveillance and control measures to enhance quality of life and protect the public from mosquito-borne diseases. Because much of the equipment and insecticides are developed for agriculture, MCP are left to innovate and adapt what is available to accomplish their core missions. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are one such innovation that are quickly being adopted by MCP. The advantages of UAS are no longer conjectural. In addition to locating mosquito larval habitats, UAS affords MCP real-time imagery, improved accuracy of aerial insecticide applications, mosquito larval detection and sampling. UAS are also leveraged for applying larvicides to water in habitats that range in size from multi-acre wetlands to small containers in urban settings. Employing UAS can reduce staff exposure to hazards and the impact associated with the use of heavy equipment in sensitive habitats. UAS are utilized by MCP nationally and their use will continue to increase as technology advances and regulations change. Current impediments include a dearth of major UAS manufacturers of equipment that is tailor-made for mosquito control, pesticides that are optimized for application via UAS and regulations that limit the access of UAS to national airspace. This manuscript highlights the strengths and weaknesses of UAS within MCP, provides an update on systems and methods used, and charts the future direction of UAS technology within MCP tasked with public health protection.
Restricted Rules of Inference and Paraconsistency
Authors: Basu Sankha S , Chakraborty Mihir K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study two companions of a logic, viz., the left variable inclusion companion and the restricted rules companion, their nature and interrelations, especially in connection with paraconsistency. A sufficient condition for the two companions to coincide has also been proved. Two new logical systems—intuitionistic paraconsistent weak Kleene logic (IPWK) and paraconsistent pre-rough logic (PPRL)—are presented here as examples of logics of left variable inclusion. IPWK is the left variable inclusion companion of intuitionistic propositional logic and is also the restricted rules companion of it. PPRL, on the other hand, is the left variable inclusion companion of pre-rough logic but differs from the restricted rules companion of it. We have discussed algebraic semantics for these logics in terms of Płonka sums. This amounts to introducing a contaminating truth value, intended to denote a state of indeterminacy.
Modeling Regional Economic Contributions of Forest Restoration: A Case Study of the Four Forest Restoration Initiative
Authors: Hjerpe Evan , Mottek Lucas Anne , Eichman Henry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractForest restoration positively affects rural economies by facilitating employment and income generation with logging, wood utilization, and other restoration activities. To investigate economic effects and modeling of forest restoration, a regional contribution analysis of the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) in Arizona was conducted. With over 12,000 acres mechanically thinned in 2017, 4FRI treatments led to the processing of 400,000 green tons of sawlogs and biomass. Restoration activities spurred more than 900 full-time equivalent jobs in the region, $50 million in regional labor income, and affected over 140 different industry sectors in the region. When compared to the US Forest Service Treatments for Restoration Economic Analysis Tool model estimates for 4FRI economic contributions, we found that using primary data from 4FRI contractors provided more conservative results. Primary considerations for modeling forest restoration contributions include contractor surveys, appropriate investigation of the regional context, methodological transparency in bridging restoration expenditures to input-output models, and consideration of how to enhance restoration contributions.
Regulation of plasmodesmata in Arabidopsis leaves: ATP, NADPH and chlorophyll b levels matter
Authors: Dmitrieva Valeria A , Domashkina Valentina V , Ivanova Alexandra N , Sukhov Vladimir S , Tyutereva Elena V , Voitsekhovskaja Olga V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In mature leaves, cell-to-cell transport via plasmodesmata between mesophyll cells links the production of assimilates by photosynthesis with their export to sink organs. This study addresses the question of how signals derived from chloroplasts and photosynthesis influence plasmodesmata permeability. Cell-to-cell transport was analyzed in leaves of the Arabidopsis chlorophyll b-less ch1-3 mutant, the same mutant complemented with a cyanobacterial CAO gene (PhCAO) overaccumulating chlorophyll b, the trxm3 mutant lacking plastidial thioredoxin m3, and the ntrc mutant lacking functional NADPH:thioredoxin reductase C. The regulation of plasmodesmata permeability in these lines could not be traced back to the reduction state of the thioredoxin system or the types and levels of reactive oxygen species produced in chloroplasts; however, it could be related to chloroplast ATP and NADPH production. The results suggest that light enables plasmodesmata closure via an increase in the ATP and NADPH levels produced in photosynthesis, providing a control mechanism for assimilate export based on the rate of photosynthate production in the Calvin–Benson cycle. The level of chlorophyll b influences plasmodesmata permeability via as-yet-unidentified signals. The data also suggest a role of thioredoxin m3 in the regulation of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I.
Nanofiber Wound Dressing Materials—A Comparative Study of Wound Healing on a Porcine Model
Authors: Menclová Katerina , Svoboda Petr , Hadač Jan , Juhás Štefan , Juhásová Jana , Pejchal Jaroslav , Mandys Václav , Eminger Karel , Ryska Miroslav 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Nanofiber wound dressings remain the domain of in vitro studies. The purpose of our study was to verify the benefits of chitosan (CTS) and polylactide (PLA)-based nanofiber wound dressings on a porcine model of a naturally contaminated standardized wound and compare them with the conventional dressings, i.e., gauze and Inadine.

Material and Methods
The study group included 32 pigs randomized into four homogeneous groups according to the wound dressing type. Standardized wounds were created on their backs, and wound dressings were regularly changed. We evaluated difficulty of handling individual dressing materials and macroscopic appearance of the wounds. Wound swabs were taken for bacteriological examination. Blood samples were obtained to determine blood count values and serum levels of acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin). The crucial point of the study was histological analysis. Microscopic evaluation was focused on the defect depth and tissue reactions, including formation of the fibrin exudate with neutrophil granulocytes, the layer of granulation and cellular connective tissue, and the reepithelialization. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. The analysis was based on the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Mann–Whitney U test followed by Bonferroni correction. Significance was set at P &lt; .05.

Results
Macroscopic examination did not show any difference in wound healing among the groups. However, evaluation of histological findings demonstrated that PLA-based nanofiber dressing accelerated the proliferative (P = .025) and reepithelialization (P &lt; .001) healing phases, while chitosan-based nanofiber dressing potentiated and accelerated the inflammatory phase (P = .006). No statistically significant changes were observed in the blood count or acute inflammatory phase proteins during the trial. Different dynamics were noted in serum amyloid A values in the group treated with PLA-based nanofiber dressing (P = .006).

Conclusion
Based on the microscopic examination, we have documented a positive effect of nanofiber wound dressings on acceleration of individual phases of the healing process. Nanofiber wound dressings have a potential to become in future part of the common wound care practice.
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression in Active Duty Women
Authors: Garcia Valencia , Meyer Eric , Witkop Catherine 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal complication. Risk factors previously found to correlate with PPD in civilians include prenatal depression, childcare stress, limited social support, difficult infant temperament, and maternity blues. Previously identified risk factors in military spouses include spouse deployment/redeployment cycles. It is unclear if these previously identified risk factors are also a risk factor for AD women or if the additional stressors associated with being on active duty (AD) are risk factors for PPD. The purpose of this review is to determine if civilian risk factors have been found to put AD women at risk for PPD and to identify unique risk factors for PPD in AD women.

Materials and Methods
A scoping literature review was performed using PubMed, Defense Technical Information Center, and PsychINFO. The searches were conducted using relevant medical subject headings and keywords. The inclusion criteria included articles published since 1948 (the year women were legally allowed to join the military) that reference risk factors for postpartum/peripartum depression in AD women serving in the U.S. military. The following exclusion criteria were also applied: in a language other than English, opinion papers, and/or not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Articles meeting criteria were evaluated and mapped to stressors previously identified in the literature for civilian and military spouses with PPD with novel stressors identified as mapping outside this framework.

Results
Only two articles met the inclusion criteria. The first study included 87 AD women. The second study, a cohort study between 2001 and 2008, included 1660 AD women. Unique risk factors identified in AD women include previous deployments, serving in the Army, smoking status, alcohol use, and low self-esteem.

Conclusions
Few studies have investigated the risk factors for PPD in AD women. It appears that AD women share many risk factors, or variants of those risk factors, for PPD as their civilian and AD spouse counterparts, but there are also unique risks to consider. More work is needed to improve screening and prevention efforts.
Assessment of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Tissue Adhesives for Sealing Military-Relevant Corneal Perforation Injuries
Authors: Snider Eric J , Cornell Lauren E , Gross Brandon M , Zamora David O , Boice Emily N 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Open-globe ocular injuries have increased in frequency in recent combat operations due to increased use of explosive weaponry. Unfortunately, open-globe injuries have one of the worst visual outcomes for the injured warfighter, often resulting in permanent loss of vision. To improve visual recovery, injuries need to be stabilized quickly following trauma, in order to restore intraocular pressure and create a watertight seal. Here, we assess four off-the-shelf (OTS), commercially available tissue adhesives for their ability to seal military-relevant corneal perforation injuries (CPIs).

Materials and Methods
Adhesives were assessed using an anterior segment inflation platform and a previously developed high-speed benchtop corneal puncture model, to create injuries in porcine eyes. After injury, adhesives were applied and injury stabilization was assessed by measuring outflow rate, ocular compliance, and burst pressure, followed by histological analysis.

Results
Tegaderm dressings and Dermabond skin adhesive most successfully sealed injuries in preliminary testing. Across a range of injury sizes and shapes, Tegaderm performed well in smaller injury sizes, less than 2 mm in diameter, but inadequately sealed large or complex injuries. Dermabond created a watertight seal capable of maintaining ocular tissue at physiological intraocular pressure for almost all injury shapes and sizes. However, application of the adhesive was inconsistent. Histologically, after removal of the Dermabond skin adhesive, the corneal epithelium was removed and oftentimes the epithelium surface penetrated into the wound and was adhered to inner stromal tissue.

Conclusions
Dermabond can stabilize a wide range of CPIs; however, application is variable, which may adversely impact the corneal tissue. Without addressing these limitations, no OTS adhesive tested herein can be directly translated to CPIs. This highlights the need for development of a biomaterial product to stabilize these injuries without causing ocular damage upon removal, thus improving the poor vision prognosis for the injured warfighter.
Star cluster survival in dark matter haloes: an old cluster in Eridanus II?
Authors: Alzate Jairo A , Lora Verónica , Bruzual Gustavo , Lomelí-Núñez Luis , Cervantes Sodi Bernardo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The star formation history and the internal dynamics of Milky Way satellite galaxies are often complicated. In the last years, a substantial fraction of the known faint dwarf satellites have been studied. Some of them show embedded stellar substructures, such as star clusters and even globular star clusters. In this work, we study Eridanus II, a dwarf spheroidal satellite that hosts a star cluster, using published and archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys. We employ a Bayesian hierarchical method to infer the star formation history of Eridanus II. We find that the bulk of the stars in Eridanus II are very old ($13.5_{-1}^{+0.5}$ Gyr) and quite metal-poor (Z = 0.000 01). We do not find any evidence of the presence of an intermediate age or young population in Eri II. We cannot date the embedded star cluster as a separate entity, but we find it likely that the cluster has a similar age and metallicity as the bulk of the stars in Eri II. The existence of an old star cluster in a dark matter dominated old metal-poor dwarf galaxy is of major importance to cast light on the dark matter distribution within dwarf galaxies. The existence of intermediate age stars is required by the recent detection of carbon stars in Eri II. Since no recent star formation is detected, blue-straggler fusions of lower mass stars are the most likely origin of the carbon star progenitors.