bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Glaucoma in Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Van Emelen C , Goethals M , Dralands L , Casteels I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital neuro-oculocutaneous disorder. Ocular involvement can include glaucoma and vascular malformations of the conjunctiva, episclera, choroid, and retina.
Methods: The records of 19 Sturge-Weber syndrome patients (mean age 8.2 years) treated at our institution were reviewed to determine the incidence of ophthalmologic manifestations in Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Results: Glaucoma occurred in 42% of all patients and was more frequent in patients with a port-wine stain involving both upper and lower eyelids. Other ocular manifestations included conjunct! va l/episc lera I hemangioma, choroidal hemangioma, iris heterochromia, retinal detachment, strabismus, and homonymous hemianopia.
In 7 of 8 patients with glaucoma, topical pharmacotherapy (beta-blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) alone failed to normalize intraocular pressures. In those patients, cryocoagulation of the ciliary body was performed. Mean postoperative intraocular pressure after a mean follow-up of 4-5 years was <22 mm Hg in 6 patients.
Conclusions: Cryocoagulation of the ciliary body combined with topical medication is an effective and safe treatment option in the management of glaucoma in children with Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Journal of Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:29-34.
New Developments in Neonatology: Less Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity?
Authors: Termote Jacqueline , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline E , Brouwers Hens A A , Donders A Rogier T , Cats Bernard P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine the effects of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), and general improvements in quality of care on the incidence of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Methods: Retrospective comparison of the incidence and severity of ROP in two groups of preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in two consecutive 5-year periods (1986-1995) and screened for ROP. During the second study period, natural surfactant was introduced in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and HFOV was used for treatment of respiratory insufficiency of any origin. The effects of these developments and general improvements on the incidence of severe ROP were analyzed with stepwise logistic regression.
Results: The overall incidence of ROP from 19861990 was not significantly different from the incidence of ROP from 1 991 -1 995. The incidence of severe ROP (ROP stage 3 or greater) was significantly lower in the second period (15.7% versus 6.4%, P=.015). For infants <1000 g, the incidence of overall ROP was increased significantly during the second study period (47.6% versus 60.1 %, P=.045), although the incidence of severe ROP remained unchanged. Only SRT was associated with a decreased risk for severe ROP; HFOV and general improvements in quality of care had no influence on the outcome. In patients with RDS, the incidence of severe ROP decreased significantly during the second period.
Conclusion: Of the recent new developments in neonatology, only SRT was associated with a decreased risk for severe ROP.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:142-148.
Anterior Transposition of the Superior Oblique Tendon in the Treatment of Oculomotor Nerve Palsy and Its Influence on Postoperative Hypertropia
Authors: Young Terri L , Conahan Bridget M , Summers C Gail , Egbert James E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine whether postoperative hypertropia after anterior transposition of the superior oblique tendon without trochleotomy could be avoided with a simplified surgical approach.
Methods: Eight patients with oculomotor nerve palsy (one patient was bilaterally affected) were retrospectively identified as having undergone anterior transposition of the superior oblique tendon without trochleotomy or vertical rectus muscle surgery between March 1992 and September 1998. The superior oblique tendon was cut at the medial border of the superior rectus muscle and placed 1 - 3.5 mm anterior to the medial insertion of the superior rectus muscle in each of these patients. Resection of the superior oblique tendon was not performed. The lateral rectus muscle was weakened, and no vertical rectus muscles were resected.
Results: Preoperative deviations with the uninvolved eye fixating in primary position ranged from 20-90 prism diopters (Δ) of exotropia (mean: 49.3 Δ) and from 0-20 Δ of hypotropia (mean: 11.25 Δ). Postoperative horizontal deviations in the primary gaze position ranged from 12 Δ of exotropia to 20 Δ of esotropia. Six cases were aligned within 10 Δ of exotropia or esotropia. Postoperative vertical deviations in the gaze position ranged from 2 Δ of hypertropia to 8 Δ of hypotropia. Six cases were aligned within 2 Δ of deviation. Significant postoperative restrictive hypertropia, or new postoperative paradoxical ocular movements, did not occur in any patient. Patients who underwent follow-up >4 months maintained stable eye alignment.
Conclusion: Transposition of the superior oblique tendon without simultaneous resection trochleotomy, or additional surgery to the vertical rectus muscle simplifies the surgical technique and eliminates subjective decision making regarding the amount of resection.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:149-155.
Augmented Hummelsheim Procedure for Paralytic Strabismus
Authors: Brooks Steven E , Olitsky Scott E , Ribeiro Geraldo deB 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To report a modification of the Hummelsheim procedure for use in the management of paralytic strabismus.
Methods: Eight patients with paralytic strabismus secondary to third nerve palsy (n=1 ), sixth nerve palsy (n=3), combined cranial nerve palsy <n=1), or extraocular muscle damage (n=3) were treated using a modification of the Hummelsheim transposition procedure. The procedure involves half-tendon transpositions of the adjacent rectus muscles to the insertion of the paralyzed muscle, coupled with resection of the transposed halves. Further augmentation was achieved by surgical or pharmacologic weakening of the ipsilateral (n=6) or contralateral (n=1) antagonist. One patient underwent the procedure bilaterally. All patients underwent at least 6 weeks of follow-up.
Results: The mean preoperative primary position deviation in the seven unilateral cases was 54 prism diopters (Δ) (range: 25-85 Δ). Preoperative forced ductions were positive in four cases. Resections varied from 4-8 mm. Ipsilateral antagonist recession varied from 0-14 mm. The mean change was 52 Δ (range: 25-85 Δ). Five cases were aligned within 1 5 Δ of orthotropia at 6 weeks. No cases of anterior segment ischemia or induced vertical deviation were noted.
Conclusion: The modified Hummelsheim procedure appears capable of correcting large angles of strabismus associated with muscle palsy of various etiologies. It is safe, amenable to adjustable sutures, and relatively tissue- and vessel-sparing. Additional study is required to understand more fully the procedure's component effects and its interaction with ocular rotation.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2000;37:189-195.
Evaluation of Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Cells Before and After Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Cennamo Giovanni , Rosa Nicola , Guida Eugenia , Del Prete Antonio , Sebastiani Adolfo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The possible endothelial damage induced by photorefractive keratectomy was investigated in myopic eyes.
METHODS: A morphometric analysis of the endothelial cells was performed in 19 patients before and 2 months after photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of various degrees of myopia. Central ultrasonic pachometry was also recorded at the same examination times.
RESULTS: No significant changes (p = .816) of the endothelial cell density were found between preoperative and postoperative measurements. The pleomorphic index did not show any significant changes after treatment (p = .955). Central corneal thickness was reduced to a various extent (range from 50 µm to 250 µm) according to the amount of myopic correction intended.
CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data suggest that photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of myopia does not induce endothelial cell damage, at least in the short term. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:137-141.]
Noncontact Laser Photothermal Keratoplasty III: Histological Study in Animal Eyes
Authors: Ren Qiushi , Simon Gabriel , Parel Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Laser photothermal keratoplasty has been studied as a potential refractive procedure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological response to various laser treatments including geometrical patterns, radiant exposure levels, and pulse numbers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A noncontact laser photothermal keratoplasty system was used in this study. Epithelial and endothelial response to the laser photothermal keratoplasty annulus treatment pattern were studied on an owl monkey model with a 5-millimeter annulus ring pattern, 8 J/cm
p 2
, 25 consecutive pulses at 1 Hz. Epithelial and endothelial response to the laser photothermal keratoplasty spot pattern were then studied and compared on cat and rabbit models for safety monitoring. One pulse and five consecutive pulses of eight different radiant exposures (5.00 J/cm
p 2
to 18.01 J/cm
p 2
) were applied on each cornea. A cadaver eye model was used to study the collagen shrinkage induced by the laser spot treatment following the same protocol as the cat and rabbit model. Finally, the biological healing response to the laser photothermal keratoplasty treatment with the optimal laser parameters obtained in our experiment was studied on the cat model. Five cats were treated by the laser photothermal keratoplasty procedure with eight spots on a 3-millimeter ring, 15.6 J/cm
p 2
, and 1 pulse.

RESULTS: Epithelial and endothelial damage were observed after annulus treatment on an owl monkey's cornea at 8 J/cm
p 2
, 25 pulses, and after spot treatment on cat and rabbit corneas at 18.01 J/cm
p 2
, five pulses. No endothelial damage was observed on cat corneas for the single pulse treatment at 18.01 J/cm
p 2
. For the tissue shrinkage study, no laser photothermal keratoplasty lesion could be detected for a radiant exposure setting below 10.26 J/cm
p 2
. Histological cross-sections showed that the fivepulse treatment reached the endothelial layer at a radiant exposure of 13.4 J/cm
p 2
, while no single pulse treatment reached the endothelium for the radiant exposure range (5 J/cm
p 2
to 18 J/cm
p 2
) studied. The cat model showed that the laser-induced mechanical octagonal stress-lines by collagen shrinkage were maintained after 3 months. The histological sections across the lesion showed a denser keratocyte population indicating scar formation.

CONCLUSION: The volume of collagen shrinkage, its location, and its geometrical shape can be accurately and precisely controlled by a 2.10-micrometer Ho:YAG laser coupled to an optical delivery system. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:529-539.]
RESUME
INTRODUCTION: La kératoplastie photo-thermique a été étudiée comme possible chirurgie refractive. Nous avons étudié la réponse histologique de la cornée aux traitements de laser en variant les motifs géométriques des taches, la lumination radiante, et le nombre de pulsations.
Long-Term Placement of Silastic Nasolacrimal Tubes
Authors: Veloudios Angela , Harvey John T , Philippon Mark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the complication rate associated with silastic tube intubation in the treatment of congenital and acquired obstructions of the lacrimal system in 82 patients with a follow-up of 3 to 66 months. Complications included tube prolapse, extrusion or breakage, punctal erosion, conjunctival irritation, intranasal discomfort, and tube inspissation with mucoid debris ("dirty tubes"). The rate was highest in the first 3 months (41%); it decreased to less than 10% after 6 months. Based on these findings, we recommend that silastic nasolacrimal tubes be regarded as semi-permanent devices which may safely be left in place for years.
Techniques for Application of Tissue Adhesive for Corneal Perforations
Authors: Erdey Richard A , Lindahl Kenneth J , Temnycky George O , Aquavella James V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a modified technique of using cyanoacrylate adhesive to seal corneal perforations. Easily performed at the slit lamp, its advantages over previously described methods include a smooth, contoured collagen surface overlying the adhesive, which is easily wet by the tear film. Even greater comfort and protection are provided by the addition of a hydrophilic bandage lens or collagen shield.
Information disclosure and attitude towards privacy on Facebook among undergraduates: A survey at the Eastern University, Sri Lanka
Authors: Lavanya J. , Santharooban S. 
Published: April 2021

Users of Facebook has been increasing exponentially in the last two decades, allowing millions of people to expose their profiles to the public and with no or little privacy for individuals. Facebook, in today's context has created a concern regarding privacy of its users and the consequences of information disclosure. Based on current reports regarding negative consequences of disclosure of information on social network sites, students seem to be unconcerned about the potential negative impacts of the same. The objectives of the study are to analyze the pattern of information disclosure on Facebook, examine the relationship between information disclosure and gender, determine the methods used for making friends on Facebook and its association with gender and, measure the attitudes towards privacy on social networking sites. A quantitative research approach was employed using a self-administrated questionnaire to gather responses from undergraduates of the Eastern University, Sri Lanka. The results revealed that the majority of undergraduates disclose their real name (82.3%), hometown (63.2%), e-mail address (60.53%) and, education (62.13%), and rarely share the relationship status (32%). Education is the highest criteria which both gender use to select friends (Male-56.12% & Female-55.89%). Moreover, the results revealed that females seldom share this information than males (p<0.05). Further, there was a tendency, to share different information with different groups of people which was statistically significant. The favourite, events, and location are associated with friends, while location and opinions are associated with the public. However, political views, and photos are appearing towards not sharing category. Relatively 41.1% of respondents were satisfied with the privacy setting of SNS. It gives evidence that privacy settings are still neglected, and it stresses the need for awareness programmes on privacy concerns on SNS for undergraduates.
Ectonucleotidases in Inflammation, Immunity, and Cancer
Authors: Haas Clarissa Branco , Lovászi Marianna , Braganhol Elizandra , Pacher Pál , Haskó György 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) are a family of enzymes that hydrolyze nucleotides such as ATP, UTP, ADP, and UDP to monophosphates derivates such as AMP and UMP. The NTPDase family consists of eight enzymes, of which NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 are expressed on cell membranes thereby hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides. Cell membrane NTPDases are expressed in all tissues, in which they regulate essential physiological tissue functions such as development, blood flow, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. They do so by modulating nucleotide-mediated purinergic signaling through P2 purinergic receptors. NTPDases 1, 2, 3, and 8 also play a key role during infection, inflammation, injury, and cancer. Under these conditions, NTPDases can contribute and control the pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of NTPDases, focusing on the less understood NTPDases 2–8, in regulating inflammation and immunity during infectious, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Optimization of High-Speed Electrolytic Plating of Copper Pillar to Achieve a Flat Top Morphology and Height Uniformity
Authors: Ikumoto Raihei , Itakura Yuki , Tachibana Shinji , Yamamoto Hisamitsu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cu plating bath for high-speed electrodeposition of Cu pillar was designed in consideration of a flat top morphology of pillar and a pillar height uniformity. An ideal polarization curve was assumed for the flat top morphology. To obtain the ideal polarization curve, an effect of organic additive concentration and solution agitation on the polarization curve were investigated. The basic bath components were optimized considering a Wagner number to improve the pillar height uniformity. To confirm the pillar top morphology and the pillar height uniformity, a 300-mm diameter wafer was plated with Cu at 20 A/dm2. As a result, improved pillar top morphology and pillar height uniformity were obtained. The optimized plating bath was applied to the plating of a large-size panel of 415 × 510 mm.
Patient characteristics, adherence, and costs of oral anticoagulation therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation using the Dubai Real-World Claims Database
Authors: Kadri Moutaz El , Ghorab Ahmed , Joury Jean , Farghaly Mohamed , Awad Nancy , Ramachandrachar Badarinath Chickballapur , Natarajan Ashok 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) reduce the risk of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and have better safety profile than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). However, there is a dearth of quality, real-world, patient data on the use of these drugs to guide healthcare policies in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aims and Objectives: The aim is to address the knowledge gap in demographic and clinical profiles of NVAF patients on NOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran) and warfarin in UAE. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the Dubai Real-World Claims Database to extract anonymized longitudinal data on NVAF patients with at least one NOAC or warfarin claim between January 2015 and March 2019. Data examined included comorbidities, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), treatment adherence, and clinical events. Results: From 11,086 NVAF patients in the database, 940 patients on oral anticoagulant treatment were selected with mean age of 58.6 ± 14.7 years and 73.7% men. At baseline, the mean CHA2DS2-VASc risk score was 2.4, and the mean Deyo–Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was 1.6. Most patients (71%) started oral anticoagulation treatment on a standard index dose. High medication possession ratio (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC) were observed in 86.8% and 43.1% of the overall cohort. The mean number of HCRU claims and cost during the 180-day follow-up period was 18.5 and 9,747 USD, respectively. Warfarin users accounted for both the highest number of claims and cost, whereas apixaban accounted for the lowest figures. Time to first major bleeding was shorter for warfarin users compared with patients on NOACs. Longer times to first stroke/systemic embolism (SE) were observed for rivaroxaban and warfarin. Conclusion: This study provides important comparative insights about comorbidities, adherence, HCRU, and outcome events among NOAC and warfarin users from real-world clinical practice settings.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 5-year old child, mimicking lymphoma in presentation
Authors: Aladily Tariq N , Khader Majd , Bustami Nadwa , Samara Osama A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThyroid cancer is very rare in children and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common type. Patients are frequently in the second decade of life and complain of painless enlargement of the gland. Pediatric PTC has unique clinicopathologic characteristics that make it different from the adult counterpart. The biologic behavior tends to be aggressive and patients frequently present with advanced disease. Herein, we report a case with an unusual presentation. A 5-year-old child manifested with fever, night sweats, cervical lymphadenopathy, and weight loss for 2 months. He also complained of mild cough and shortness of breath. Clinical suspicion of tuberculosis or lymphoma was raised, but laboratory workup was unremarkable. Cervical lymph node excision was done, and the histopathologic examination showed metastatic PTC. The patient underwent surgical and radioactive therapy and remained in complete remission for 5 years. Unfortunately, the disease ultimately relapsed with disseminated metastasis and the patient passed away.
Race and Gender Bias in Internal Medicine Program Director Letters of Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Neil , Blissett Sarah , Anderson David , O'Sullivan Patricia , Qasim Atif 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
While program director (PD) letters of recommendation (LOR) are subject to bias, especially against those underrepresented in medicine, these letters are one of the most important factors in fellowship selection. Bias manifests in LOR in a number of ways, including biased use of agentic and communal terms, doubt raising language, and description of career trajectory. To reduce bias, specialty organizations have recommended standardized PD LOR.

Objective
This study examined PD LOR for applicants to a cardiology fellowship program to determine the mechanism of how bias is expressed and whether the 2017 Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine (AAIM) guidelines reduce bias.

Methods
Fifty-six LOR from applicants selected to interview at a cardiology fellowship during the 2019 and 2020 application cycles were selected using convenience sampling. LOR for underrepresented (Black, Latinx, women) and non-underrepresented applicants were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. Two coders used an iteratively refined codebook to code the transcripts. Data were analyzed using outputs from these codes, analytical memos were maintained, and themes summarized.

Results
With AAIM guidelines, there appeared to be reduced use of communal language for underrepresented applicants, which may represent less bias. However, in both LOR adherent and not adherent to the guidelines, underrepresented applicants were still more likely to be described using communal language, doubt raising language, and career trajectory bias.

Conclusions
PDs used language in a biased way to describe underrepresented applicants in LOR. The AAIM guidelines reduced but did not eliminate this bias. We provide recommendations to PDs and the AAIM on how to continue to work to reduce this bias.