bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with EGFR Exon 20 Insertions
Authors: Morita Chie , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shirasawa Masayuki , Masuda Ken , Matsumoto Yuji , Shinno Yuki , Yagishita Shigehiro , Okuma Yusuke , Goto Yasushi , Horinouchi Hidehito , Yamamoto Noboru , Motoi Noriko , Yatabe Yasushi , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations account for 4%–10% of all EGFR mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, data on the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations and major mutations (exon 19 deletion and L858R) are limited. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, including EGFR exon 20 insertions and major mutations, who were treated with systemic therapy between January 2011 and December 2019.Results: We identified 23 patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions and 534 patients with EGFR mutations. Among patients with exon 20 insertion, the median age was 60 years (range: 27–88 years), and females and never smokers were predominant. The clinical characteristics of patients with exon 20 insertions were similar to those with major EGFR mutations. Regarding the clinical outcomes in patients with exon 20 insertions, 17 patients received platinum doublet as first-line therapy, and the overall response rate (ORR) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) were 11.8% and 8.9%. Additionally, eight patients received anti-PD-1 antibodies and seven patients received EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in any-line therapy, and their ORR and mPFS were 0%, 25% and 2.2, 3.1 months, respectively. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with exon 20 insertions than in those with EGFR major mutations (29.3 vs. 43.4 months, p=0.04). Conclusions: The clinical outcomes in patients with exon 20 insertions were not satisfactory compared to those in patients with major EGFR mutations.
Development of a Novel Self-Sanitizing Mask Prototype to Combat the Spread of Infectious Disease and Reduce Unnecessary Waste
Authors: Crawford Matthew J. , Ramezani Sepehr , Jabbari Roghaie , Pathak Pawan , Cho Hyong Jin , Kim Brian N. , Choi Hwan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the spread of COVID-19, significant emphasis has been placed on mitigation techniques such as mask wearing to slow infectious disease transmission. Widespread use of face coverings has revealed challenges such as mask contamination and waste, presenting an opportunity to improve the current technologies. In response, we have developed the Auto-sanitizing Retractable Mask Optimized for Reusability (ARMOR). ARMOR is a novel, reusable face covering that can be quickly disinfected using an array of ultraviolet C lamps contained within a wearable case. A nanomembrane UVC sensor was used to quantify the intensity of germicidal radiation at 18 different locations on the face covering and determine the necessary exposure time to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in addition to other viruses and bacteria. After experimentation, it was found that ARMOR successfully provided germicidal radiation to all areas of the mask and will inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in approximately 180 seconds, H1N1 Influenza in 130 seconds, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 113 seconds, proving that this design is effective at eliminating a variety of pathogens and can serve as an alternative to traditional waste-producing disposable face masks. The accessibility, ease of use, and speed of sanitization supports the wide application of ARMOR in both clinical and public settings.
Breastfeeding, Nutrition, Parental Smoking And Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study At Ege University Children's Hospital
Authors: Çiçekli İpek , Durusoy Raika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been suggested that may be a link between many environmental factors, including dietary antigens affecting diabetes epidemiology. The main objective of this study is to investigate nutritional risk factors, especially breastfeeding early in life that may be associated with the development of Type 1 DM and to determine the relationship of these factors with the disease.Methods: The research is a case-control study and was carried out in Ege University Children's Hospital. A total of 248 children aged between 4-14 years were included in the study. The case group was reached from patients diagnosed with Type 1 DM, who applied the Ege University Children's Hospital’s; the control group was reached non-diabetic children applying to the same hospital.Results: The mean age was found 10.4±3.3 years for cases and 7.4±2.5 years for controls. It was found that each monthly increase in exclusive breastfeeding duration provided a 0.78 fold decrease in the risk of Type 1 DM. Introduction of cereals in the diet at 6th month or earlier was associated with an increased risk of 3.42 fold. Each unit increase in the total number of cigarettes that parents smoked at home had increased the risk of Type 1 DM by 1.15 times. Conclusions: Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding duration was found to be a protective factor for Type I DM, while introducing cereals before the 6th month and parental smoking were found an important risk factor, which might be another subject for further studies.
Thermodynamics control precipitation in NE Mexico on orbital to millennial timescales
Authors: Wright Kevin , Johnson Kathleen , Marks Gabriela Serrato , McGee David , Bhattacharya Tripti , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Tabor Clay , Lacaille-Muzquiz Jean-Louis , Lum Gianna , Beramendi-Orosco Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Northern Mexico is projected to become more arid in the future, however the magnitude, timing and spatial extent of precipitation change is presently poorly constrained. To address this, we have developed a multi-proxy (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca) U-Th dated speleothem record of past rainfall variability spanning 4.6 to 58.5 ka from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Our results demonstrate a dominant thermodynamic control on hydroclimate via changes in Atlantic SSTs. Our record robustly demonstrates this response during major paleoclimate events including the Last Glacial Maximum, the Younger Dryas and Heinrich Stadials 1, 3, 4, and 5. While previous work has suggested the magnitude of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet as the predominant driver of regional rainfall, we utilize a state-of-the-art climate model to isolate cool Atlantic SSTs as the dominant mechanism of drying. We also demonstrate this response is consistent across large parts of Mesoamerica, suggesting drying in the future may be more spatially homogenous than currently predicted.
TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T Cells Are Associated With The Response To PD-1 Blockade In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Fang Xia , Wu Gang , Hua Jing , Zhao Pei , Shan Mengtian , Wang Na , Zeng Yu , Ding Tingting , Zhu Hailong , Zhu Xuyou , Zhang Long , Liu Yuting , Zheng Ling , Yi Xianghua , Gao Shaoyong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells are associated with the response to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: We investigated the expression of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells and elucidated their predictive role in NSCLC patients. Pretreatment specimens from fifteen advanced NSCLC patients who underwent PD-1 immunotherapy or combined with chemotherapies were analyzed. The frequency of TCF-1+ cells in PD-1+ CD8+T cells were determined in these biospecimens by using multi-label immunofluorescence staining and multi-spectral acquisition technology. The clinical role of TCF-1+PD-1+CD8+T cells were evaluated via analyzing our patients’ clinic parameters and public NSCLC database. Results: A high frequency of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells were identified in responders compared with non-responders (p=0.0427), and the patients with high expression of this cell subset had durable clinical benefit of anti-PD-1 therapy. There were no significant association between the expression of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells and patients’ age, gender, smoking history, pathologic type and genetic status. In univariate logistic regression analysis, high frequency of TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells were significantly correlated with patients’ benefit of PD-1 blockade (p=0.035). Conclusion: Our study indicated that TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+T cells are associated with the response to PD-1 blockade, and may be a predictor of anti-PD-1 therapy.
PCr/ATP Ratios and Mitochondrial Function in The Heart. A Comparative Study in Humans.
Authors: de Wit-Verheggen Vera HW , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B , Brouwers Kim , Jörgensen Johanna A , Schaart Gert , Gemmink Anne , Nascimento Emmani BM , Hesselink Matthijs KC , Wildberger Joachim E , Segers Patrique , Montaigne David , Staels Bart , Schrauwen Patrick , Lindeboom Lucas , Hoeks Joris , de Weijer Tineke van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study was to validate PCr/ATP ratios as an in vivo marker for cardiac mitochondrial function.Background Cardiac energy status, measured as PCr/ATP ratio with 31P-MRS in vivo, was shown to be a prognostic factor in heart failure and is lowered in cardiometabolic disease. As mitochondrial function is also hampered in these diseases and oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to ATP synthesis, the PCr/ATP ratio might be a reflection of cardiac mitochondrial function.Methods Thirty-eight patients scheduled for open heart surgery were enrolled in this study. Before surgery, cardiac 31P-MRS was performed. During surgery, tissue specimens from the right atrial appendage were obtained for the ex vivo assessment of mitochondrial function using high-resolution respirometry.Results The patient population included was heterogenous resulting in wide ranges of PCr/ATP ratios and ADP-stimulated respiration rates (PCr/ATP ranging from 0.533 to 1.717; ADP-stimulated respiration rates ranging from 28.5 to 94.6 pmol/mg/s). Correlation analysis however showed no relationship between PCr/ATP and ADP-stimulated respiration rates fueled by various substrates (octanoylcarnitine R2 < 0.005, p = 0.74; pyruvate R2 < 0.025, p = 0.41). Also, no correlations between PCr/ATP and maximally uncoupled respiration were found (octanoylcarnitine R2 = 0.005, p = 0.71; pyruvate R2 = 0.040, p = 0.26).Conclusions Our results do not support the use of cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP) as a surrogate marker of mitochondrial function in the heart. The dissociation of the two parameters in the present study suggests that mitochondrial function is not the only determinant of cardiac energy status.Condensed abstractThis study does not support the use of in vivo cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP ratio) as a surrogate marker of ex vivo mitochondrial function (maximal oxidative respiration). Although both PCr/ATP and mitochondrial function are reduced in cardiovascular disease, the dissociation of the two parameters in the present study shows that PCr/ATP is determined by more factors than only mitochondrial function. Hence, PCr/ATP is not a good marker for mitochondrial function, but it can be a valuable marker for cardiometabolic health in cardiometabolic studies.Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03049228).
SPAG1 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth of Lung Adenocarcinoma via the AKT/mTORC1 Signaling Axis
Authors: Li Aili , Huang Kai , Guo Jinyong , Wu Youru , He Qiufeng , Guo Ruolin , Gou Yi , Huang Guojin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Sperm-associated antigen 1 (SAPG1) expression is increased in multiple cancer tissues, but the role and mechanisms of SPAG1 in lung cancer remain unknown. The present study was aimed to investigate SPAG1’s function and mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MethodsSPAG1 expression in LUAD tissues was evaluated by analyzing three LUAD datasets, and its association with prognosis of patients with LUAD was accessed by using Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The role of SPAG1 and its mechanisms were investigated in LUAD cells in vitro. The effect of SPAG1 on tumor growth was evaluated in LUAD tumor xenografts. In addition, the molecular domain involved in the regulation of cell proliferation was mapped. ResultsThe bioinformatical results showed that SPAG1 expression was increased significantly in LUAD tissues compared with normal lung tissues, and its high expression was associated with favorable prognosis, including overall survival (OS), first progression (FP) and post-progression survival (PPS). The results of in vitro experiments showed that SPAG1 suppressed cell proliferation, but enhanced autophagy via inhibiting AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 signaling axis, and that the region of 130~170 amino acid residues in SPAG1 is involved in the regulation of AKT and cell proliferation. The results of tumor xenografts demonstrated that SPAG1 knockdown promotes LUAD tumor growth and enhances AKT/mTORC1 signaling. ConclusionSPAG1 is upregulated in LUAD tissues and associated with favorable prognosis of patients with LUAD, and plays an inhibitory role in cell proliferation and tumor growth of LUAD through the AKT/mTORC1 signaling axis.
Rail Roughness Acceptance Criterion Based on Interior Noise
Authors: LIU Xiaolong , HAN Jian , LIU Moukai , WANG Jianuo , XIAO Xinbiao , WEN Zefeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Severe rail roughness leads to a series of problems in metro systems, particularly the vehicle noise problem. To ensure a better acoustic environment, rail roughness control is therefore one of the main concerns for the metro operators. But the existing roughness acceptance criteria are not suitable for metro interior noise control. It is an appropriate method to determine the rail roughness limit based on interior noise. A rail roughness acceptance criterion based on metro interior noise is accordingly proposed in this paper. The relationship between rail roughness and interior noise can be derived with wheel–rail noise as link. With this objective, a combined test and simulation method is adopted. A validated wheel–rail noise prediction model is thus established to determine the relationship between rail roughness and wheel–rail noise. Moreover, the transfer function of wheel–rail noise to interior noise is developed based on extensive field test. Using this method, the noise sensitivity to roughness wavelength and acceptance criteria at different speeds and track structures are investigated. Finally, an eclectic rail corrugation acceptance criterion on curved track is suggested in consideration of practical application.
Association of dietary inflammatory potential (DIP) and endothelial function biomarkers among female nurses of Isfahan hospitals
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohammad , Falahi Ebrahim , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Nik Ahmadreza Yazdan , Saneei Parvaneh , Esmaeilzadeh Ahmad , Saedisomeolia Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dietary inflammatory index (DIP) is a new dietary index designed to evaluate individuals’ diets. In addition, adhesion molecules are important biomarkers for assessing endothelium inflammation that they related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Also, there is no study for assessing the association between adhesion molecules and DIP until now as well as other studies that assessed the relationship between dietary inflammatory index or DIP have controversy. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the correlation between DII and endothelial markers such as E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) among female nurses from Isfahan. In this study, dietary inflammatory potential (DIP) was used instead of DII. This study was performed on 420 healthy nurses. The nurses were selected by random cluster sampling method from private and public Isfahan hospitals. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to assess the dietary inflammatory potential. A fasting blood sample was collected for measuring the plasma levels of the endothelial markers and other variables. After adjusting different potential confounders, no statistical association was found between DIP and sICAM-1, E–selectin and sVCAM-1 in model I (P=0.57, 0.98 and 0.45), model II (P=0.57, 0.98 and 0.45) and model III (P=0.67, 0.92 and 0.50) in comparison to the crude group (P=0.35, 0.83 and 0.49, respectively). The results revealed that the plasma levels of endothelial markers including E-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 were not significantly associated with DIP in female nurses.
Isolated Single-Atomic Cu Catalyst Supported on P-doped Carbon for Hydrochlorination of Acetylene
Authors: Wang Ting , Jiang Zhao , Tang Qi , Wang Bolin , Wang Saisai , Yu Mingde , Chang Renqin , Yue Yuxue , Zhao Jia , Li Xiaonian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As an environmentally friendly non-mercury catalyst for the hydrochlorination of acetylene, Cu-based catalysts have always attracted attention. In this study, a series of phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts supported on activated carbon were prepared by the wet impregnation method, the difference of them is that the calcination temperature of phosphorus-doped carrier is 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ respectively. In the test conditions of T = 150℃, GHSV(C2H2) = 90 h− 1 and V(HCl): V(C2H2) = 1.2, the highest acetylene conversion was 83.1%. The type of phosphorus configuration and the distribution on the surface of the carrier can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Among the different phosphorus species formed by the phosphorus doping treatment at different temperatures, the P-C bond formed after the phosphorus element is incorporated into the carbon lattice also accounts for an increasing proportion with the increase of the calcination temperature,which is accompanied by a higher and higher acetylene conversion. It can be seen that the P-C bond plays a key role in the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction in this system. Meanwhile, Cu2+ was identified as the main active component in the catalyst by XPS. The representative HAADF-STEM image shows isolated copper species, confirming that the single-center copper species supported on the carbon support is the active center of the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. The coordination structure formed by the interaction between the P-C bond and the atomically dispersed Cu2+ species is an effective and stable active site in the reaction. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the reaction is proposed to proceed according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism. This work is the first to identify which phosphorus species plays a role in the hydrochlorination of acetylene, which may provide some ideas for the design and optimization of phosphorus doping catalysts in the future.
Inverse Identification for the Balanced Biaxial Yield Stress of AA5182-O Alloy Sheet
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Qing , Sun Yuantao , Zheng Dateng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Advanced yield functions, such as Yld2004, could describe the elastic boundary of materials better than the traditional. However the balanced biaxial yield stress σb which is essential to determine the parameters of advanced yield functions is hard to measure using frequently used test equipment. This work presented an inverse method to calibrate σb of AA5182-O alloy sheet based on the Erichsen test. The maximum punch force (MPF) measured from this test was used for the inverse identification. A modification coefficient was used to drop down the simulation MPF from shell element, as the application of shell element result in higher simulation punch force. Then the relationship between σb and MPF was established based on the plane stress Yld2004. With this relationship and the real measured MPF, σb could be inversely identified. Additionally, a hydraulic bulge test was performed to verify the accuracy of this inversely obtained σb.
Effectiveness of Topical Vancomycin in the Prevention of Spinal Surgical Site Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tafish Rawan , Alkhaldi Ahmed F. , Bourghli Anouar , Althunian Turki Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), particularly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SSIs, post spinal surgeries is one of the most daunting experiences to patients and surgeons. In some practices, vancomycin powder is applied directly on the wound before skin closure to minimize the risk of SSIs; however, this practice is not supported by well-established evidence. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of topical (i.e. intra-wound) vancomycin in minimizing the risk of SSIs in patients who underwent spinal surgeries at the Kingdom Hospital (a private Saudi hospital).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the hospital database. Patients who underwent spinal surgeries from the period of 09/2013 to 09/2019 were included and followed up to 30 days (surgeries without implantation) or 90 days (with implantation). The odds ratio (OR) of the primary outcome between vancomycin users vs. non-users was estimated using logistic regression adjusting for the measured confounders. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using propensity score analysis (inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with stabilized weights) to control for confounding by indication. All study analyses were completed using RStudio Version 1.2.5033.ResultsWe included 81 vancomycin users vs. 375 non-users with 28 infections. The adjusted OR of SSIs between the two groups was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11 to 1.34). The result of the propensity score analysis was consistent (OR: 0.97 [95% CI 0.35 to 2.68]). ConclusionWe could not find a lower association of SSIs with intra-wound vancomycin in patients who underwent spinal surgeries. Further studies are needed to assess benefits of using topical vancomycin for this indication vs. the risk of antimicrobial resistance.
Prospective Validation of Smartphone-based Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Measurement Algorithms
Authors: Bae Sean , Borac Silviu , Emre Yunus , Wang Jonathan , Wu Jiang , Kashyap Mehr , Kang Si-Hyuck , Chen Liwen , Moran Melissa , Cannon Julie , Teasley Eric , Chai Allen , Liu Yun , Wadhwa Neal , Krainin Mike , Rubinstein Michael , Maciel Alejandra , McConnell Michael , Patel Shwetak , Corrado Greg , Taylor James , Zhan Jiening , Po Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Measuring vital signs plays a key role in both patient care and wellness, but can be challenging outside of medical settings due to the lack of specialized equipment. In this study, we prospectively evaluated smartphone camera-based techniques for measuring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) for consumer wellness use. HR was measured by placing the finger over the rear-facing camera, while RR was measured via a video of the participants sitting still in front of the front-facing camera. In the HR study of 95 participants (with a protocol that included both measurements at rest and post exercise), the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) ± standard deviation of the measurement was 1.6% ± 4.3%, which was significantly lower than the pre-specified goal of 5%. No significant differences in the MAPE were present across colorimeter-measured skin-tone subgroups: 1.8% ± 4.5% for very light to intermediate, 1.3% ± 3.3% for tan and brown, and 1.8% ± 4.9% for dark. In the RR study of 50 participants, the mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.78 ± 0.61 breaths/min, which was significantly lower than the pre-specified goal of 3 breath/min. The MAE was low in both healthy participants (0.70 ± 0.67 breaths/min), and participants with chronic respiratory conditions (0.80 ± 0.60 breaths/min). These results validate the accuracy of our smartphone camera-based techniques to measure HR and RR across a range of pre-defined subgroups.