bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of attending and patient assessment of resident communication skills in the emergency department
Authors: Lewis Jason J. , Balaji Lakshman , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Ullman Edward , Rosen Carlo , Dubosh Nicole M. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCommunication and interpersonal skills are one of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's six core competencies. Validated methods for assessing these among trainees are lacking. Educators have developed various communication assessment tools from both the supervising attending and the patient perspectives. How these different assessment methods and tools compare with each other remains unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between attending and patient assessment of resident communication skills.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of emergency medicine (EM) residents at an academic medical center. From July 2017 to June 2018, residents were assessed on communication skills during their emergency department shifts by both their supervising attending physicians and their patients. The attendings rated residents’ communication skills with patients, colleagues, and nursing/ancillary staff using a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Patients completed the modified Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), a 14‐item questionnaire based on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Mean attending ratings and patient CAT scores were calculated for each resident. Means were divided into tertiles due to nonparametric distribution of scores. Agreement between attending and patient ratings of residents were measured using Cohen's kappa for each attending evaluation question. Scores were weighted to assign adjacent tertiles partial agreement.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,097 attending evaluations and 952 patient evaluations were completed for 26 residents. Attending scores and CAT scores of the residents showed slight to fair agreement in the following three domains: patient communication (κ = 0.21), communication with colleagues (κ = 0.21), and communication with nursing/ancillary staff (κ = 0.26).ConclusionsAttending and patient ratings of EM residents’ communication skills show slight to fair agreement. The use of different types of raters may be beneficial in fully assessing trainees’ communication skills.
The organized flow structure of an oscillating bubble plume
Authors: Laupsien David , Cockx Arnaud , Liné Alain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe detailed experimental investigation of an oscillating bubble plume created in a quasi‐two‐dimensional bubble column is reported for low void fraction and millimeter bubbles. The plume exhibits periodic oscillations and generates large‐scale coherent structures in the liquid. The local and transient hydrodynamics of this bubbly flow was investigated with particle‐image velocimetry (PIV) in the liquid phase and via optical fiber probe and the shadowgraph technique in the gas phase. First, long time averaging is performed (over a large number of plume oscillation periods). Thus, horizontal profiles of gas fraction and of horizontal and vertical components of mean and root mean square velocities in both phases can be examined. Then fluctuations of liquid velocities are studied, in terms of probability density function (indicating organized and random fluctuations), and in terms of phase‐averaged components. Finally, proper orthogonal decomposition is applied to PIV data to extract coherent structure contributions more efficiently.
Arachnodactyly represented in art
Authors: Pyeritz Reed E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArachnodactyly, a term used since 1902 to describe abnormally long (spider‐like) fingers, is a pathologic feature of several heritable conditions, notably the Marfan syndrome and congenital contractural arachnodactyly. A number of prominent artists, dating from the 16th to the 20th centuries, have depicted subjects with unusually long fingers, sometime associated with elongation of the body, neck and head. El Greco incorporated this style in many paintings. Little evidence supports any subject in any of these paintings as having a congenital deformity.
Formationmechanism of high‐pressure water penetration induced fiber orientation in overflow water‐assisted injection molded short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu He‐sheng , Jiang Qing‐song , Kuang Tang‐qing , Lai Jia‐mei , Huang Xing‐yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest in water‐assisted injection molding (WAIM) not only for its advantages over gas‐assisted molding (GAIM) and conventional injection molding (CIM), but also for its great potential advantages in industrial applications. To understand the formation mechanism of water penetration induced fiber orientation in overflow water‐assisted injection molding (OWAIM) parts of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (SGF/PP), in this work, the external fields and water penetration process within the mold cavity were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that the difference of fiber orientation distribution in thickness direction between WAIM moldings and CIM moldings was mainly ascribed to the great external fields generated by water penetration. Besides, fiber orientation depended on the position both across the part thickness and along the flow direction. Especially in the radial direction, fiber orientation varied considerably. The results also showed that the melt temperature is the principal parameter affecting the fiber orientation along the flow direction, and a higher melt temperature significantly facilitated more fibers to be oriented along the flow direction, which is quite different from the results as previously reported in short‐shot water‐assisted injection molding (SSWAIM). A higher water pressure, shorter water injection delay time, and higher melt temperature significantly induced more fibers to be orderly oriented in OWAIM moldings, which may improve their mechanical performances and broaden their application scope.
Three‐dimensional visualization of the human membranous labyrinth: The membrana limitans and its role in vestibular form
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Curthoys Ian S. , Mukherjee Payal , Wong Christopher , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inner ear contains the end organs for balance (vestibular labyrinth) and hearing (cochlea). The vestibular labyrinth is comprised of the semicircular canals (detecting angular acceleration) and otolith organs (utricle and saccule, which detect linear acceleration and head tilt relative to gravity). Lying just inferior to the utricle is the membranous membrana limitans (ML). Acting as a keystone to vestibular geometry, the ML provides support for the utricular macula and acts as a structural boundary between the superior (pars superior) and inferior (pars inferior) portions of the vestibular labyrinth. Given its importance in vestibular form, understanding ML morphology is valuable in establishing the spatial organization of other vestibular structures, particularly the utricular macula. Knowledge of the 3D structure and variation of the ML, however, remain elusive. Our study addresses this knowledge gap by visualizing, in 3D, the ML and surrounding structures using micro‐CT data. By doing so, we attempt to clarify: (a) the variation of ML shape; (b) the reliability of ML attachment sites; and (c) the spatial relationship of the ML to the stapes footplate using landmark‐based Generalized Procrustes, Principal Component and covariance analyses. Results indicate a consistent configuration of three distinct bony ML attachments including an anterolateral, medial, and posterior attachment which all covary with bony structure. Our results set the stage for further understanding into vestibular and more specifically, utricular macula spatial configuration within the human head, offering the potential to aid in clinical and evolutionary studies which rely on a 3D understanding of vestibular spatial configuration.
Anatomical characterization of acupoint large intestine 4
Authors: Casey Gregory P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge intestine 4 (LI4) is a major acupoint used in various treatments in acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine. There are structures associated within the region of LI4 that have three‐dimensional anatomical relationship that needs further characterization. The aims of this study were: (a) to observe the anatomical variation of structures around LI4; (b) to observe specific overlap of structures around LI4. A 1256 mm2 area was dissected in 25 cadaveric hands around LI4. Nondissected areas were marked with pins as reference points. Dissections were photographed with a fixed camera. Subsequently, images were imported to Adobe Photoshop 2020 and analyzed. Descriptive statistics and graphs were compiled using Graphpad Prism 2020. The tributaries of the dorsal venous plexus (22.3%), branches of superficial radial nerve (18.9%), first dorsal interosseous muscle (52.4%), arterial branches in the first interosseous space (10.2%), and deep ulnar nerve (4.0%) were observed in the area of LI4. One branch of the superficial radial nerve passed through LI4. The deep ulnar nerve was found in the bulk of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Several structures observed intersected at LI4. The superficial radial nerve interweaved with the dorsal venous plexus superficially. The deep ulnar nerve passed anterior to the second palmar metacarpal artery before entering into the first dorsal interosseous muscle. These results provide anatomical evidence and variation into the vascular contributions at LI4.
Surface metrology of bone surface attachments of knee ligaments
Authors: Hoehmann Christopher L. , Beatty Brian Lee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTextural differences between entheses reflect biomechanical activities of the musculoskeletal system. Methods used to measure these surfaces have limitations. Here, the surface metrology of roughness of articular and entheseal surfaces of the knee are investigated with an optical profiler.MethodsOsteological specimens of six femora and seven tibiae were prepared from cadavers. Measurements were obtained to surrogate body mass. Specimens were molded with polyvinylsiloxane and casts prepared with resin, which were scanned using a white light optical profiler. Scans were processed by a computer program. Each scan produced 32 variables, categorized into 6 groups for each location.ResultsThe distribution of data was mostly normal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified Ssk significant (p‐value .002); post hoc Tukey testing indicated significance between femoral PCL and tibial ACL entheses groups (p‐value .007), and between tibial ACL and tibial entheses groups (p‐value .002) suggesting the ability to differentiate anterior and posterior cruciate ligament entheses. Sku was found significant with a t test between articular and entheseal surfaces. Correlation coefficients were significant between surface metrology parameters and measurements related to body mass.ConclusionsThis study distinguished differences between entheses of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, with the Ssk parameter most useful. Differences in articular and entheseal surfaces were found with the Sku parameter most useful. Correlations indicated a relationship between body mass and surface metrology parameters. Finally, these findings suggest this method can be used for further investigation of spondyloarthropathies.
The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism
Authors: Licari Melissa K. , Varcin Kandice , Hudry Kristelle , Leonard Hayley C. , Alvares Gail A. , Pillar Sarah V. , Stevenson Paul G. , Cooper Matthew N. , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. ,   the AICES Team
Published: May 2021

AbstractDelays within the motor domain are often overlooked as an early surveillance marker for autism. The present study evaluated motor difficulties and its potential as an early predictive marker for later autism likelihood in a cohort of infants (N = 96) showing early behavioral signs of autism aged 9–14 months. The motor domain was evaluated using the motor subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at baseline, and at a 6‐month follow‐up. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Toddler Module (ADOS‐T) was completed at follow‐up as a measure of autism likelihood. Motor difficulties were common at baseline, with 63/96 (65.6%) infants scoring very low or below average in the gross motor domain and 29/96 (30.2%) in the fine motor domain. At follow‐up, gross motor difficulties had resolved for many, with 23/63 (36.5%) infants maintaining these difficulties. Fine motor difficulties resolved in fewer infants, with 20/29 (69.0%) continuing to present with fine motor delays at follow‐up. Adjusted linear regression models suggested that fine motor scores at baseline (β = −0.12, SE = 0.04) and follow‐up (β = −0.17, SE = 0.05) were associated with higher ADOS‐T scores; with difficulties across both timepoints (β = 5.60, SE = 1.35) the strongest (largest in magnitude) association with ADOS‐T scores of the predictors examined. Motor difficulties are prominent in children displaying emerging signs of autism, with persistent fine motor difficulties predictive of the developing autism phenotype. The findings indicate the potential clinical value of including evaluation of motor skills within early autism surveillance measures.Lay SummaryThis prospective study evaluated motor development over a 6‐month period in infants showing early behavioral signs of autism. Atypical motor development was a common feature of infants showing early signs of autism and persistent fine motor difficulties were predictive of the emerging autism phenotype.
Soybean‐based concept biorefinery
Authors: Biazatti Meury J. , de Carvalho Miranda Júlio C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoybean is an important commodity. Its processing generates a great variety of important commercial products and processable residues. Using the concept of biorefinery, it is possible to integrate different technologies and increase the value added by the whole process. In this work, we conducted an oriented review. First, a base process was chosen, which would produce edible soybean oil, soy protein, and soy protein isolate. From this base process, we listed the residues and made a review of the processing technologies to convert them into valuable products. We elaborated a process network for each residue, linking the intermediary products to their processing technologies and, subsequently, the commercial value‐added products. Based on a price and market evaluation, the result was an integrated conceptual biorefinery process for soybean processing, mostly considering the Brazilian scenario. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthesis of carbon dots for Al3+ sensing in water by fluorescence assay
Authors: Mei Xiping , Wang Dongxiu , Zhang Lin , Li Junfen , Dong Chuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFifty‐four Eucommia ulmoides leaves were subjected to a hydrothermal technique to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) of 3.55 ± 1.45 nm size. The nanomaterial possessed excellent stability and strong fluorescence emission (φf 42.3%). In a neutral buffer solution, the fluorescence signals of CDs solution were enhanced by aluminium ion without interference from other ions. Degree of enhancement correlated linearly with the Al3+ content in the range 0.01–2.5 mM. Response of this method was fast and sensitive (detection limit was 23 nM). The CDs performed successfully as a sensitive sensor for trace Al3+ determination in water samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.
An integrated modular framework for modeling the effect of ammonium on the sialylation process of monoclonal antibodies produced by CHO cells
Authors: Savizi Iman Shahidi Pour , Motamedian Ehsan , E. Lewis Nathan , Jimenez del Val Ioscani , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mABs) have emerged as one of the most important therapeutic recombinant proteins in the pharmaceutical industry. Their immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by post‐translational modifications, specifically the glycosylation process. Bioprocess conditions can influence the intracellular process of glycosylation. Among all the process conditions that have been recognized to affect the mAB glycoforms, the detailed mechanism underlying how ammonium could perturb glycosylation remains to be fully understood. It was shown that ammonium induces heterogeneity in protein glycosylation by altering the sialic acid content of glycoproteins. Hence, understanding this mechanism would aid pharmaceutical manufacturers to ensure consistent protein glycosylation.MethodsThree different mechanisms have been proposed to explain how ammonium influences the sialylation process. In the first, the inhibition of CMP‐sialic acid transporter, which transports CMP‐sialic acid (sialylation substrate) into the Golgi, by an increase in UDP‐GlcNAc content that is brought about by the augmented incorporation of ammonium into glucosamine formation. In the second, ammonia diffuses into the Golgi and raises its pH, thereby decreasing the sialyltransferase enzyme activity. In the third, the reduction of sialyltransferase enzyme expression level in the presence of ammonium. We employed these mechanisms in a novel integrated modular platform to link dynamic alteration in mAB sialylation process with extracellular ammonium concentration to elucidate how ammonium alters the sialic acid content of glycoproteins.ResultsOur results show that the sialylation reaction rate is insensitive to the first mechanism. At low ammonium concentration, the second mechanism is the controlling mechanism in mAB sialylation and by increasing the ammonium level (< 8 mM) the third mechanism becomes the controlling mechanism. At higher ammonium concentrations (> 8 mM) the second mechanism becomes predominant again.ConclusionThe presented model in this study provides a connection between extracellular ammonium and the monoclonal antibody sialylation process. This computational tool could help scientists to develop and formulate cell culture media. The model illustrated here can assist the researchers to select culture media that ensure consistent mAB sialylation.
Natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics
Authors: Jia Manping , Kim Jinhwan , Nguyen Tiffany , Duong Thi , Rolandi Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBioelectronic devices sense or deliver information at the interface between living systems and electronics by converting biological signals into electronic signals and vice‐versa. Biological signals are typically carried by ions and small molecules. As such, ion conducting materials are ideal candidates in bioelectronics for an optimal interface. Among these materials, ion conducting polymers that are able to uptake water are particularly interesting because, in addition to ionic conductivity, their mechanical properties can closely match the ones of living tissue. In this review, we focus on a specific subset of ion‐conducting polymers: proton (H+) conductors that are naturally derived. We first provide a brief introduction of the proton conduction mechanism, and then outline the chemical structure and properties of representative proton‐conducting natural biopolymers: polysaccharides (chitosan and glycosaminoglycans), peptides and proteins, and melanin. We then highlight examples of using these biopolymers in bioelectronic devices. We conclude with current challenges and future prospects for broader use of natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics and potential translational applications.
Modulation of high mannose levels in N‐linked glycosylation through cell culture process conditions to increase antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity activity for an antibody biosimilar
Authors: Rameez Shahid , Gowtham Yogender K. , Nayar Gautam , Mostafa Sigma S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe regulatory approval of a biosimilar product is contingent on the favorable comparability of its safety and efficacy to that of the innovator product. As such, it is important to match the critical quality attributes of the biosimilar product to that of the innovator product. The N‐glycosylation profile of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) can influence effector function activities such as antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. In this study, we describe efforts to modulate the high‐mannose (HM) levels of a biosimilar mAb produced in a Chinese hamster ovary cell fed‐batch process. Because the HM level of the mAb was observed to impact ADCC activity, it was desirable to match it to the innovator mAb's levels. Several cell culture process related factors known to modulate the HM content of N‐glycosylation were investigated, including osmolality, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) addition, glutamine concentration, monensin addition, and the addition of alternate sugars and amino sugars to the feed medium. The process conditions evaluated varied in impact on HM levels, process performance and product quality. One condition, the addition of alternate sugars and amino sugars to feed medium, was identified as the preferred method for increasing HM levels with minimal disruptions to process performance or other product quality attributes. Interestingly, a secondary interaction between sugar and amino sugar supplemented feeds and osmolality was observed during process scale‐up. These studies demonstrate sugar and amino sugar concentrations and osmolality are critical variables to evaluate to match HM content in biosimilar and their innovator mAbs.
Sn and Na Co‐doping to Suppress Voltage Decay of Li‐rich Layered Oxide
Authors: Hu Yongyuan , Qin Zhongzheng , Cong Bowen , Pei Jian , Sun Shanfu , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) as cathode materials are expected to be applied to advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with great potential. However, the electrochemical instability and large voltage decay seriously restrict their development. In this work, a novel LLO cathode material (SN‐LLO) with Sn and Na co‐doping is fabricated through a co‐precipitation process with subsequent calcination, which exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability and suppressed voltage decay. Structural characterizations indicate that with the regulation of Na doping, the impurity Li2SnO3 is inhibited and layered SN‐LLO solid solution with the
arrangement of Sn in layers and stacking faults along c axis is obtained. DFT calculations demonstrate that the enhanced electrochemical stability results from the increase in the energy barrier of Mn migration in the slabs due to the steric effect of Sn. This study provides a rational design idea to improve the electrochemical stability of advanced Li‐rich layered oxides.
Metal‐Free Deoxygenation of Chiral Nitroalkanes: An Easy Entry to α‐Substituted Enantiomerically Enriched Nitriles
Authors: Pirola Margherita , Faverio Chiara , Orlandi Manuel , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA metal‐free, mild and chemodivergent transformation involving nitroalkanes has been developed. Under optimized reaction conditions, in the presence of trichlorosilane and a tertiary amine, aliphatic nitroalkanes were selectively converted into amines or nitriles. Furthermore, when chiral β‐substituted nitro compounds were reacted, the stereochemical integrity of the stereocenter was maintained and α‐functionalized nitriles were obtained with no loss of enantiomeric excess. The methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of chiral β‐cyano esters, α‐aryl alkylnitriles, and TBS‐protected cyanohydrins, including direct precursors of four active pharmaceutical ingredients (ibuprofen, tembamide, aegeline and denopamine).