bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Gains in HIV Testing by Expanding HIV Screening at Routine Checkups
Authors: Patel Deesha , Williams Weston O. , Heitgerd Janet , Taylor-Aidoo Nicole , DiNenno Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To estimate gains in the prevalence of individuals who had ever been tested for HIV overall and by subpopulations from increases in the percentage of persons who had a routine checkup and were tested. Methods. We used data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine the prevalence of individuals who were ever tested for HIV and the prevalence of missed opportunities for HIV testing among those never tested in the United States. We assessed the effect of absolute percentage increases in having ever been tested among those who had a past-year routine checkup on increasing the overall prevalence of having ever been tested. Results. In 2019, 49.5% of US adults had ever been tested for HIV; 34.5% had a missed opportunity. A 50% increase in testing at routine checkups would increase the prevalence of having ever been tested to 84.0%. Increases in the prevalence of having ever been tested (≥ 85%) was highest among persons aged 35 to 54 years, Black persons, persons who were female at birth, persons with health insurance, and persons reporting HIV risk behaviors. Conclusions. Fully incorporating HIV screening into primary care would greatly increase the proportion of US adults who have been tested for HIV. Public Health Implications. Continued efforts to promote HIV testing, including implementing routine screening in clinical settings, will help ensure that all US adults know their HIV status.
Slow Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Brazil Over a 6-Month Period: Report on 8 Sequential Statewide Serological Surveys Including 35 611 Participants
Authors: Hallal Pedro C. , Silveira Mariângela F. , Menezes Ana M. B. , Horta Bernardo L. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Pellanda Lúcia C. , Victora Gabriel D. , Dellagostin Odir A. , Struchiner Claudio J. , Burattini Marcelo N. , Mesenburg Marilia A. , Jacques Nadege , Vidaletti Luís Paulo , Ambros Emanuele L. , Berlezi Evelise M. , Schirmer Helena , Renner Jane D. P. , Collares Kaue , Ikeda Maria Letícia R. , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Gasperi Patricia de , Hartwig Fernando P. , Barros Fernando C. , Victora Cesar G. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To evaluate the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) over 6 months in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul (population 11.3 million), based on 8 serological surveys.Methods. In each survey, 4151 participants in round 1 and 4460 participants in round 2 were randomly sampled from all state regions. We assessed presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a validated lateral flow point-of-care test; we adjusted figures for the time-dependent decay of antibodies.Results. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence increased from 0.03% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00%, 0.34%; 1 in every 3333 individuals) in mid-April to 1.89% (95% CI = 1.36%, 2.54%; 1 in every 53 individuals) in early September. Prevalence was similar across gender and skin color categories. Older adults were less likely to be infected than younger participants. The proportion of the population who reported leaving home daily increased from 21.4% (95% CI = 20.2%, 22.7%) to 33.2% (95% CI = 31.8%, 34.5%).Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 infection increased slowly during the first 6 months in the state, differently from what was observed in other Brazilian regions. Future survey rounds will continue to document the spread of the pandemic.
The Association of Lysyl oxidase G473A Polymorphism in Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Kılıçarslan Onur , Yıldız Ahmet , Ser Özgür Selim , Doğan Ömer , Akdoğan Hülya Yılmaz , Özkara Gülçin , Aslan Ezgi Irmak , Yumuk Mehmet Tugay , Koçaş Cüneyt 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined by a ≥1.5-fold expansion coronary artery vessel diameter, with respect to the adjacent coronary artery vessel. Atherosclerosis and extracellular matrix changes are thought to play an important role in CAE development. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is part of an important enzyme family involved in the regulation of connective tissue. LOX deficiency has been associated with aortic aneurysm, fold, and dissection. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between LOX gene G473A (rs1800449) polymorphism and CAE. Eighty-eight patients diagnosed with CAE and 75 healthy individuals were included in the study. The CAE group demonstrated significantly higher hyperlipidemia (p=0.01), male sex incidence (p=0.06), serum TNF-α (p=0.03), and sE-selectin (p=0.02). The LOX genotype and allele distribution showed no significant difference between the groups. Notably, patients with CAE carrying the LOX-CT genotype demonstrated significantly higher TNF-α (p=0.04) and sP-selectin (p=0.02) levels than those carrying the LOX-CC genotype. Higher TNF-α values and hyperlipidemia were associated with the risk of CAE. Further, we observed that TNF-α levels were higher in patients with right coronary artery (RCA) ectasia. Additional large-scale studies to include other LOX gene polymorphisms may support our findings and further elucidate their relationship to CAE.
Enhancing the throughput of a Node by Handling Congestion in Vanets using Efficient Queue Management
Authors: Purohit Kamlesh Chandra , Jasola Sanjay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is one of the most challenging domain in current scenario to provide an Intelligent transport system (ITS). One of the important application area of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is VANET. Few major challenges in VANET environment like network congestion, routing and securitywhich must be resolved to provide an efficient service to the user. This paper explores the effect of network layer congestion in the overall performance of VANET and proposes a framework to handle congestion in the VANET by providing efficient queue management. The proposed approach named Node Based Throughput (NBTH) is intended to evaluate the throughput of a node. Method proposed in this paper is being analysed with various parameters like throughput end_to_end delay and packet loss with respect to density of nodes.
Plasma Exosome-Derived Fragile-Site Associated Tumor Suppressor is a Powerful Predictor of Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hu Renjing , Chen Xiaochun , Zhang Shiliang , Liu Bin , Pei Hao , Tu Fan , Liu Jun , Yu Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the levels of plasma exosome-derived fragile-site associated tumor suppressor (FATS) and evaluate its predictive ability in ovarian cancer (OC) patients.Patients and Methods: Exosome-rich fractions were isolated from the plasma of enrolled 90 patients with OC. The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were detected with ELISA.Results: The levels of exosome-derived FATS in OC patient were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with low grade (1/2), FIGO stages I/II than high grade (3/4), stages III/ IV disease (P = 0.003; P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were significantly higher in OC patients with no lymph node metastasis, no ascites than those with lymph node metastasis, ascites (both P < 0.001). The levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS were obviously higher in OC patients with CA-125 less than 35U/ml than more than 35U/ml (P < 0.001). Among all enrolled OC patients, both 5-DFS and 5-OS were shorter in patients who had low plasma exosome-derived FATS levels than that high levels (both P < 0.001). The AUROC of plasma exosome-derived FATS were 0.85(95% CI: 0.76-0.91) for 5-DFS, 0.91(95% CI: 0.83-0.96) for 5-OS prediction in patients with OC, respectively.Conclusions: Plasma exosome-derived FATS levels in OC patient were significantly down-regulated. Low levels of plasma exosome-derived FATS had close relationship with FIGO stages I/II, low grade, ascites, higher levels of CA-125, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of OC patients. Our findings may provide a new strategy in treating OC.
EMAS: Environment Monitoring and Smart Alert System for Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Enam Rabia Noor , Tahir Muhammad , Mustafa Syed Muhammad Nabeel , Rukaiya Rukaiya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The emergence of wireless sensor networks has enabled new classes of application for distributed systems that filter into many inter disciplinary fields. In the recent years, wireless technology has come up with great advancements and is supposed to be a great venture for the researchers. The recent advancements open up many significant energy optimization techniques in Internet of Things. The smart systems can now achieve paramount level of control of user comfort while reducing use of energy. Our main purpose is to construct smart Environment Monitoring and Surveillance system (EMAS). The system periodically measures temperature, light and humidity levels of the atmosphere. When a critical change in the environmental variables is detected, the EMAS system can notify the user via text message on their cell phone. Thus, they will be able to act to critical changes as quickly as possible and it may be able to intercept effects of the critical change. Results are obtained in the field tests reasonably ensuring that the proposed EMAS system possess excellent package delivery high power efficiency. The main goal of this paper is to bring more robustness and enhanced features in the wireless environment monitoring system.
A Self-Powered, Real-Time, NRF24L01 IoT Based-Cloud Enabled Service For Smart Agriculture Decision-Making System
Authors: Raju K. Lova , Vijayaraghavan V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) based automation has provided sophisticated research and developments in the field of agriculture. In agriculture field production, using environmental and deployment sensors like DHT11, soil moisture, soil temperature, and so on, IoT has been utilised to monitor field conditions and automation in precision agriculture. The environmental parameters, field evaluation, deployment parameters, and shortage of water has become an unresolved task for agriculture monitoring. All of this leads to insufficient production of the agricultural crop. To eradicate the above-mentioned problems, we proposed a system in the using an architectural manner. This system uses an NRF24L01 module with in-built power and low noise amplifiers to enable a long-distance communication for transmission of the field information about the current crop situation to the farmers. This work is investigating an appropriate, reasonable, and applied IoT technology for precision agriculture by considering various applications of agriculture and experiments. The proposed system reduces power consumption, and improves operational efficiency. The proposed system reduces human efforts and also evaluates heat index measurement to monitor the environment. Based on the experiments, the current consumption and life expectancy of the AWMU are determined to be 0.02819 A and 3 days 20 hours 13 minutes and 47 seconds, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum transmission of AWMU is in an environmental location is 200 meters line of sight from the router.
A Novel Repairable Fountain Codes Scheme Based on Partial Duplication Technique
Authors: Zhou Anan , Yi Benshun , Xiang Mian , Luo Laigan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Distributed storage system (DSS) is an emerging paradigm which provides reliable storage services for various source data. As the fault-tolerance scheme for DSS, erasure codes are required to provide redundancy service with high fault-tolerance and low cost. However, the existing coding scheme cannot provide these requirements well. Thus, it becomes an important yet challenging issue to find a code for storing various source data with high fault-tolerance and low cost. In this paper, a novel construction of repairable fountain codes with unequal locality is proposed by combining with partial duplication tech- nique, namely the PD-ULRFC scheme. We construct a multi-tier heterogeneous storage network, where data core, processing units and storage nodes collaboratively store and transmit data. Moreover, the proposed PD-ULRFC scheme can reduce the repair and download cost by sacrificing a little extra storage occupation. Furthermore, the expressions of the repair cost and download cost are derived to analyze the performance of PD-ULRFC scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the PD-ULRFC scheme significantly outperforms other redundant schemes in communication cost saving.
WITHDRAWN: A Survey and Analysis of Extreme Machine Learning Models and Its Techniques
Authors: Pande Shubhangi , Rathore Neeraj Kumar , Purohit Anuradha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Machine learning applications employ FFNN (Feed Forward Neural Network) in their discipline enormously. But, it has been observed that the FFNN requisite speed is not up the mark. The fundamental causes of this problem are: 1) for training neural networks, slow gradient descent methods are broadly used and 2) for such methods, there is a need for iteratively tuning hidden layer parameters including biases and weights. To resolve these problems, a new emanant machine learning algorithm, which is a substitution of the feed-forward neural network, entitled as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) introduced in this paper. ELM also come up with a general learning scheme for the immense diversity of different networks (SLFNs and multilayer networks). According to ELM originators, the learning capacity of networks trained using backpropagation is a thousand times slower than the networks trained using ELM, along with this, ELM models exhibit good generalization performance. ELM is more efficient in contradiction of Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and rest of the precocious approaches. ELM’s eccentric outline has three main targets: 1) high learning accuracy 2) less human intervention 3) fast learning speed. ELM consider as a greater capacity to achieve global optimum. The distribution of application of ELM incorporates: feature learning, clustering, regression, compression, and classification. With this paper, our goal is to familiarize various ELM variants, their applications, ELM strengths, ELM researches and comparison with other learning algorithms, and many more concepts related to ELM.
Piezo2, A Pressure Sensitive Channel Is Expressed in Select Neurons of the Mouse Brain: a Putative Mechanism for Synchronizing Neural Networks by Transducing Intracranial Pressure Pulses
Authors: wang Jigong , hamill owen peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Piezo2 expression in mouse brain was examined using an anti-PIEZO2 antibody (Ab) generated against a C-terminal fragment of the human PIEZO2 protein. As a positive control for Ab staining of mouse neurons, the Ab stained a majority of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, consistent with recent in situ hybridization and single cell RNA sequencing studies of Piezo2 expression. As a negative control and test for specificity, the Ab failed to stain human erythrocytes, which selectively express PIEZO1. In brain slices isolated from the same mice as the DRG, the Ab displayed high selectivity in staining specific neuron types, including pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus, Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Given the demonstrated role of Piezo2 channels in peripheral neurons as a low-threshold pressure sensor (i.e., ≤ 5 mm Hg) critical for the regulation of breathing and blood pressure, its expression in select brain neurons has interesting implications. In particular, we hypothesize that Piezo2 provides select brain neurons with an intrinsic resonance enabling their entrainment by the normal intracranial pressure (ICP) pulses (~ 5 mm Hg) associated with breathing and cardiac cycles. This mechanism could serve to increase the robustness of respiration-entrained oscillations previously reported across widely distributed neuronal networks in both rodent and human brains. This idea of a “global brain rhythm” has previously been thought to arise from the effect of nasal airflow activating mechanosensitive neurons within the olfactory epithelium, which then synaptically entrain mitral cells within the olfactory bulb and through their projections, neural networks in other brain regions, including the hippocampus and neocortex. Our proposed, non-synaptic, intrinsic mechanism in which Piezo2 tracks the “metronome-like” ICP pulses would have the advantage that spatially separated brain networks could also be synchronized by a physical force that is rapidly transmitted throughout the brain.
Bioconversion of cassava bagasse and sugarcane bagasse using cheap home-made enzymatic cocktails
Authors: Díaz Gabriela Verónica , Afanasiuk Silvana Soledad Sawostjanik , Coniglio Romina Olga , Velázquez Juan Ernesto , Zapata Pedro Darío , Villalba Laura Lidia , Fonseca María Isabel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The agricultural industries generate lignocellulosic wastes that can be modified by fungi to generate high value-added products. The aim of this work was to analyze the efficiency of the bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse and cassava bagasse using two cheap home-made enzymatic cocktails from Aspergillus niger LBM 134 (produced also from agroindustrial wastes) and compare the hydrolysis yield with that obtained from the bioconversion using commercial enzymes. Sugarcane bagasse and cassava bagasse were pretreated with a soft alkaline solution before the hydrolysis carried out with home-made enzymatic cocktails of A. niger LBM 134 and with commercial enzymes to compare their performances. Mono and polysaccharides were analyzed before and after the bioconversion of both bagasses as well as their microscopic structure. The maximal yield was the 80% of total glucans saccharified from cassava bagasse. The bioconversion of both bagasses were better when we used the home-made enzymatic cocktails than commercial enzymes. We obtained high added-value products from agroindustrial wastes, home-made enzymatic cocktails and hydrolysates rich in fermentable sugars. The importance of this work lays in the higher performance of the cheap home-made enzymatic cocktails over the hydrolytic performance of commercial enzymes due to the cost of producing the home-made enzymatic cocktails were more than 500 times lower than commercial enzymes.
Pro-NGF Disrupts Adult Neurogenesis in Humans and Mice Affected by Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Olabiyi Bolanle , Fleitas Catherine , Zammou Bahira , Ferrer Isidro , Rampon Claire , Egea Joaquim , EspinetMestre Carme 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, neurogenesis in adult brain has been well demonstrated in a number of animal species, including humans. Interestingly, work with rodents has shown that adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is vital for some cognitive aspects, as increasing neurogenesis improves memory while its disruption triggers the opposite effect. Adult neurogenesis declines with age and has been suggested to play a role in impaired progressive learning and memory loss seen in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, therapeutic strategies designed to boost adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. The precursor forms of neurotrophins, such as pro-NGF, display remarkable increase during AD in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. In contrast to mature NGF, pro-NGF exerts adverse functions in survival, proliferation and differentiation. Hence, we hypothesized that pro-NGF and its receptor p75NTR contribute to disrupting adult hippocampal neurogenesis during AD. In this study, we took advantage of the availability of mouse models of AD (APP/PS1) and AD human samples to address the role of pro-NGF/p75NTR signalling in different aspects of adult neurogenesis. Neuroprogenitors of adult mice and human DG samples were identified by immunofluorescence with doublecortin (DCX) antibodies. Interestingly, DCX + progenitors in healthy humans and control animals express p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). However, this expression is notably decreased in AD conditions. In APP/PS1 mice, memory and cognition were severely impaired. In order to assess the contribution of the pro-NGF/p75NTR pathway to these memory deficits, we injected pro-NGF neutralizing antibodies (ANTI-PRONGF) into the DG of control and APP/PS1 mice which memory was evaluated in Morris water maze test. We observed that anti-pro-NGF injection significantly improved the performance of APP/PS1 animals, but not controls. Interestingly, improved memory in APP/PS1 animals after injection of ANTI-PRONGF correlated with an increase in DCX + progenitors in the DG region of these animals. In summary, our results suggest that pro-NGF is involved in disrupting spatial memory in AD, at least in part by blocking adult neurogenesis. Moreover, we propose that adult neurogenesis alteration could serve as alternative approach towards understanding AD pathology, and additionally offer pro-NGF/p75NTR signalling as a promising therapeutic target.
The Effects of Atmospheric Oscillations on Crop Yield in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Authors: Uzun Aslı , Ustaoğlu Beyza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the last century climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well‐being. Atmospheric oscillations that occur at the regional oceanic flow pattern may affect significantly the climate of the Earth. In this study, we investigate effects of ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) and NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) on the Mediterranean crop yield using the Nino 3, Nino3.4, Nino 4, ONI and NAO indices. Olive, which is a bioindicator type in the Mediterranean, and cotton and grapes with high yield and economic value crops were examined. As a method, firstly, Mann Kendall rank correlation test was applied to the yield values ​​of the crops. After the 2000s, it has been determined that the trend of yield has changed and was obtained an increasing trend. Secondly, the correlation between the yields and the indices ​​were determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient. Accordingly, a high correlation of 50% and 80% was found at the p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.00 significance level in the phenological periods of the crops. The highest correlations were determined especially during flowering period with El Nino indices. The frequency of the correlation detected with the NAO indece is weak. The effect on the efficiency of the phases when El Nino indices are strong was examined graphically. Accordingly, in the 1997 and 2015-2016 periods, when the El Nino phenomen was very stong, there were sharply decreases in the crop yields. It is seriously affects the countries whose economic activity is based on agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin, and it is likely to affect food industry in the future.