bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectric Visual Adaptation Based on 0D‐CsPbBr3‐Quantum‐Dots/2D‐MoS2 Mixed‐Dimensional Heterojunction Transistor
Authors: Xie Dingdong , Wei Liubo , Xie Min , Jiang Leyong , Yang Junliang , He Jun , Jiang Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdaptation is the most common and basic feature of living systems, which gives species or individuals a survival advantage. In particular, visual adaptation can enable organisms with a clearer understanding of the real world, thereby avoiding potential harm, which is vital for the life activities of organisms. However, current adaptive devices based on logic circuits are still facing the great challenges for large‐scale integration and limited bionic functions. Therefore, the hardware impleofmentation of biological visual adaptability through the emerging photoelectric devices may provide a great opportunity for the bionic systems facing complex environments. Here, a novel adaptive device based on a mixed‐dimensional van der Waals heterostructure is fabricated by using a gate‐modulated 0D‐CsPbBr3‐quantum‐dots/2D‐MoS2 heterostructure. The device has superior electric adaptabilities and excellent optical absorption abilities owing to its special energy‐band structure. The key characteristics of biological adaptation, such as accuracy, sensitivity, inactivation, and desensitization behaviors, are successfully emulated in the device based on the unique trapping‐detrapping mechanism. Most importantly, with a photoelectric synergy approach, the fascinating visual adaptation function based on an environment‐adjustable threshold is finally demonstrated. These results indicate that the proposed device may be very promising for the future applications of artificial visual systems and intelligent bionic robots.
Self‐Healing Soft Sensors: From Material Design to Implementation
Authors: Khatib Muhammad , Zohar Orr , Haick Hossam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe demand for interfacing electronics in everyday life is rapidly accelerating, with an ever‐growing number of applications in wearable electronics and electronic skins for robotics, prosthetics, and other purposes. Soft sensors that efficiently detect environmental or biological/physiological stimuli have been extensively studied due to their essential role in creating the necessary interfaces for these applications. Unfortunately, due to their natural softness, these sensors are highly sensitive to structural and mechanical damage. The integration of natural properties, such as self‐healing, into these systems should improve their reliability, stability, and long‐term performance. Recent studies on self‐healing soft sensors for varying chemical and physical parameters are herein reviewed. In addition, contemporary studies on material design, device structure, and fabrication methods for sensing platforms are also discussed. Finally, the main challenges and future perspectives in this field are introduced, while focusing on the most promising examples and directions already reported.
A Biodegradable Secondary Battery and its Biodegradation Mechanism for Eco‐Friendly Energy‐Storage Systems
Authors: Lee Myeong Hwan , Lee Jongha , Jung Sung‐Kyun , Kang Dayoung , Park Myung Soo , Cha Gi Doo , Cho Kyoung Won , Song Jun‐Hyuk , Moon Sehwan , Yun Young Soo , Kim Seok Joo , Lim Young Woon , Kim Dae‐Hyeong , Kang Kisuk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe production of rechargeable batteries is rapidly expanding, and there are going to be new challenges in the near future about how the potential environmental impact caused by the disposal of the large volume of the used batteries can be minimized. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to address these concerns by applying biodegradable device technology. An eco‐friendly and biodegradable sodium‐ion secondary battery (SIB) is developed through extensive material screening followed by the synthesis of biodegradable electrodes and their seamless assembly with an unconventional biodegradable separator, electrolyte, and package. Each battery component decomposes in nature into non‐toxic compounds or elements via hydrolysis and/or fungal degradation, with all of the biodegradation products naturally abundant and eco‐friendly. Detailed biodegradation mechanisms and toxicity influence of each component on living organisms are determined. In addition, this new SIB delivers performance comparable to that of conventional non‐degradable SIBs. The strategy and findings suggest a novel eco‐friendly biodegradable paradigm for large‐scale rechargeable battery systems.
Deep Cycling for High‐Capacity Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Huarong , Tang Yuxin , Malyi Oleksandr I. , Zhu Zhiqiang , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Wei , Ge Xiang , Zeng Yi , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the practical capacity of conventional Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) approaches the theoretical limit, which is determined by the rocking‐chair cycling architecture, a new cycling architecture with higher capacity is highly demanded for future development and electronic applications. Here, a deep‐cycling architecture intrinsically with a higher theoretical capacity limit than conventional rocking‐chair cycling architecture is developed, by introducing a follow‐up cycling process to contribute more capacity. The deep‐cycling architecture makes full use of movable ions in both of the electrolyte and electrodes for energy storage, rather than in either the electrolyte or the electrodes. Taking LiMn2O4‐mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB)/Li cells as a proof‐of‐concept, 57.7% more capacity is obtained. Moreover, the capacity retention is as high as 84.4% after 2000 charging/discharging cycles. The deep‐cycling architecture offers opportunities to break the theoretical capacity limit of conventional LIBs and makes high demands for new‐type of cathode materials, which will promote the development of next‐generation energy storage devices.
Recent Progress on Nanocellulose Aerogels: Preparation, Modification, Composite Fabrication, Applications
Authors: Chen Yiming , Zhang Lin , Yang Yang , Pang Bo , Xu Wenhui , Duan Gaigai , Jiang Shaohua , Zhang Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of modern industry and excessive consumption of petroleum‐based polymers have triggered a double crisis presenting a shortage of nonrenewable resources and environmental pollution. However, this has provided an opportunity to stimulate researchers to harness native biobased materials for novel advanced materials and applications. Nanocellulose‐based aerogels, using abundant and sustainable cellulose as raw material, present a third‐generation of aerogels that combine traditional aerogels with high porosity and large specific surface area, as well as the excellent properties of cellulose itself. Currently, nanocellulose aerogels provide a highly attention‐catching platform for a wide range of functional applications in various fields, e.g., adsorption, separation, energy storage, thermal insulation, electromagnetic interference shielding, and biomedical applications. Here, the preparation methods, modification strategies, composite fabrications, and further applications of nanocellulose aerogels are summarized, with additional discussions regarding the prospects and potential challenges in future development.
Progress in Epitaxial Thin‐Film Na3Bi as a Topological Electronic Material
Authors: Di Bernardo Iolanda , Hellerstedt Jack , Liu Chang , Akhgar Golrokh , Wu Weikang , Yang Shengyuan A. , Culcer Dimitrie , Mo Sung‐Kwan , Adam Shaffique , Edmonds Mark T. , Fuhrer Michael S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrisodium bismuthide (Na3Bi) is the first experimentally verified topological Dirac semimetal, and is a 3D analogue of graphene hosting relativistic Dirac fermions. Its unconventional momentum–energy relationship is interesting from a fundamental perspective, yielding exciting physical properties such as chiral charge carriers, the chiral anomaly, and weak anti‐localization. It also shows promise for realizing topological electronic devices such as topological transistors. Herein, an overview of the substantial progress achieved in the last few years on Na3Bi is presented, with a focus on technologically relevant large‐area thin films synthesized via molecular beam epitaxy. Key theoretical aspects underpinning the unique electronic properties of Na3Bi are introduced. Next, the growth process on different substrates is reviewed. Spectroscopic and microscopic features are illustrated, and an analysis of semiclassical and quantum transport phenomena in different doping regimes is provided. The emergent properties arising from confinement in two dimensions, including thickness‐dependent and electric‐field‐driven topological phase transitions, are addressed, with an outlook toward current challenges and expected future progress.
Experimental Demonstration of Dual‐Band Nano‐Electromechanical Valley‐Hall Topological Metamaterials
Authors: Ma Jingwen , Xi Xiang , Sun Xiankai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSuppression of undesired backscattering of very‐high‐frequency elastic signals has been considered as a grand challenge in integrated phononic circuits. Originating from condensed‐matter physics, valley‐Hall topological insulators provide an intriguing strategy to overcome this challenge. To date, phononic valley‐Hall topological insulators have been demonstrated only in bulk acoustic and mechanical systems operating at relatively low frequencies. Here, an integrated nano‐electromechanical valley‐Hall topological insulator operating in the very‐high‐frequency regime is experimentally realized. Valley kink states that are backscattering‐immune against sharp bends and exhibit the “valley‐momentum locking” effect simultaneously in the fundamental (≈60 MHz) and second‐order (≈120 MHz) frequency bands are demonstrated. It is further shown that the propagation directions of these dual‐band valley kink states are always locked to their valley pseudospins. The results not only enable various applications in very‐high‐frequency integrated phononic circuits with enhanced robustness and capacity, but also open the door to experimental exploration of mechanical nonlinearities, particularly those involving the fundamental and second‐order frequencies, in topologically nontrivial nanostructures.
Electron Density‐Change in Semiconductor by Ion‐Adsorption at Solid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Lee Won Hyung , Yoon Sun Geun , Jin Huding , Yoo Jeeyoung , Han Junghyup , Cho Yong Hyun , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe change in electrical properties of electrodes by adsorption or desorption at interfaces is a well‐known phenomenon required for signal production in electrically transduced sensing technologies. Furthermore, in terms of electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structure, several studies of energy conversion techniques focused on ion‐adsorption at the solid–liquid interface have suggested that the electric signal is generated by ionovoltaic phenomena. However, finding substantial clues for the ion‐adsorption phenomena in the EIS structure is still a difficult task because direct evidence for carrier accumulation in semiconductors by Coulomb interactions is insufficient. Here, a sophisticated Hall measurement system is demonstrated to quantitatively analyze accumulated electron density‐change inside the semiconductor depending on the ion‐adsorption at the solid–liquid interface. Also, an enhanced EIS‐structured device is designed in an aqueous‐soaked system that works with the ionovoltaic principle to monitor the ion‐dynamics in liquid electrolyte media, interestingly confirming ion‐concentration dependence and ion‐specificity by generated peak voltages. This newly introduced peculiar method contributes to an in‐depth understanding of the ionovoltaic phenomena in terms of carrier actions in the semiconductors and ionic behaviors in the aqueous‐bulk phases, providing informative analysis about interfacial adsorptions that can expand the scope of ion‐sensing platforms.
Defect Mediated Small Molecular Doping of Graphene
Authors: S Ragul , Dutta Soumya , Ray Debdutta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is shown that the improved electrical properties of graphene on organic small‐molecule‐based surface doping is dominated by the doping effect of these materials at the defect sites on graphene. It is hypothesized that this may be due to the healing effect of semi‐bulk substitution‐like doping at the defect sites. In this study, defects are intentionally created with varying densities on graphene by exposing it to trifluoro methane (CHF3) plasma for different time periods. The films are then doped by solution spin coating of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (TFSA). The measured change in electrical conductivity is proportional to the defect density of the graphene, implying a healing effect of these organic small molecular dopants. First principles calculations are performed to capture this mechanism, and the results conform with the experimental observations. The introduction of defects leads to a modulation of the workfunction while adversely affecting the charge carrier transport properties. It is shown that subsequent TFSA doping aids in healing the defective sites thereby improving conduction while maintaining the changed workfunction. The two processes act in tandem for the enhanced electrical properties of graphene.
Can digital technologies reshape rural microfinance? Implications for savings, credit, & insurance
Authors: Benami Elinor , Carter Michael R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRural microfinance must contend with the triple challenges of isolation, small‐scale transactions, and risk. These challenges result in information asymmetries and transaction costs that render markets for financial services costly or missing. This paper examines how emerging digital technologies (e.g., mobile money, digital credit scoring, and earth observation) can reshape rural markets for savings, credit, and insurance services, especially in developing countries. Although our synthesis of the literature suggests reason for hope in all three domains, the imperfections of these digital technologies require evaluation and oversight if the resulting rural financial system is to be more efficient and equitable than its predecessor.JEL CLASSIFICATIOND14; F63; R51
Overexpression of sugarcane SoTUA gene enhances cold tolerance in transgenic sugarcane
Authors: Chen Jiao‐Yun , Khan Qaisar , Sun Bo , Tang Li‐Hua , Yang Li‐Tao , Zhang Bao‐Qing , Xiu Xing‐Yong , Dong Deng‐Feng , Li Yang‐Rui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlpha (α)–tubulin (TUA) is a primary unit of cytoskeleton microtubules. In recent years, more frequent frosts have caused considerable yield loss in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) production. Temperature is one of the most influential abiotic factors affecting the microtubule polymerization state in plants. In this research, we developed overexpressing SoTUA transgenic sugarcane lines from the cold‐susceptible cultivar ROC22. The transgene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantificational real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) analysis, while the relative expression of SoTUA protein was verified by Western blot. Compared with the nontransformed control plants (wild type [WT]), the transgenic lines showed higher relative protein expression than the WT at 25 °C, which indicates the overexpression of SoTUA protein. The contents of soluble protein and sugar and the activity of peroxidase (POD) were higher while the content of maleicdialdehyde was lower in the transgenic plants than the WT plants under the chilling treatment. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cold‐defense related genes (P5CS, WRKY, Cu/Zn–SOD, and POD1) were higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT. These results suggest that the SoTUA protein plays an important role in protecting plants during chilling stress. This positive effect is not affected by transgenic plant generations.
Recent advances in precision medicine for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Hiromitsu , Higashi Takaaki , Miyata Tatsunori , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Baba Hideo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Although advances in systemic chemotherapy for PDAC have improved survival outcomes for patients with the disease, chemoresistance is a major treatment issue for unselected PDAC patient populations. The existence of heterogeneity caused by a mixture of tumor cells and stromal cells produces chemoresistance and limits the targeted therapy of PDAC. Advances in precision medicine for PDACs according to the genetics and molecular biology of this disease may represent the next alternative approach to overcome the heterogeneity of different patients and improve survival outcomes for this poor prognostic disease. The genetic alteration of PDAC is characterized by four genes that are frequently mutated (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4). Furthermore, several genetic and molecular profiling studies have revealed that up to 25% of PDACs harbor actionable alterations. In particular, DNA repair dysfunction, including cases with BRCA mutations, is a causal element of sensitivity to platinum‐based anti‐cancer agents and poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. A deep understanding of the molecular and cellular crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment helps to establish scientifically rational treatment strategies for cancers that show specific molecular profiles. Here, we review recent advances in genetic analysis of PDACs and describe future perspectives in precision medicine according to molecular subtypes or actionable gene mutations for patients with PDAC. We believe the breakthroughs will soon emerge to fight this deadly disease.
Multi‐period design and planning model of shale gas field development
Authors: Peng Zedong , Li Can , Grossmann Ignacio E. , Kwon Kysang , Ko Sukjoon , Shin Joohyun , Feng Yiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLong‐term design and planning of shale gas field development is challenging due to the complex development operations and a wide range of candidate locations. In this work, we focus on the multi‐period shale gas field development problem, where the shale gas field has multiple formations and each well can be developed from one of several alternative pads. The decisions in this problem involve the design of the shale gas network and the planning of development operations. A mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to address this problem. Since the proposed model is a large‐scale MILP, we propose a solution pool‐based bilevel decomposition algorithm to solve it. Results on realistic instances demonstrate the value of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Scaling up microreactors for kilogram‐scale synthesis of piperacillin: Experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Xie Yu , Chen Qiang , Huang Guoming , Wang Yujun , Hu Weiguo , Yan Zhengren , Wang Xin , Huang Juan , Gao Mingtang , Fei Weiyang , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, two membrane dispersion microreactors in series are used to synthesize piperacillin with low impurity content in kilogram scale. By combining experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations, the membrane size and cross‐sectional area are scaled up from 2 mm × 0.7 mm and 2 mm × 1 mm to 6.5 mm × 2.5 mm and 6.5 mm × 3.5 mm, respectively, and the reaction time is extended from ~10 to ~60 min, which achieves that the synthesis scale of each batch is increased from 15 g to 1 kg. Subsequently, the effects of distance between ammonia feed and 4‐ethyl‐2,3‐dioxo‐1‐piperazine carbonyl chloride feed, pH, circulation flow rate, and dispersed phase flow rate on solution concentration are discussed. The final piperacillin product with an average yield of ~94.70%, a purity exceeding 99.7%, the impurity D content ~0.077% and E content ~0.045%, satisfies the requirements of pharmacopeia regarding antibiotic impurities.
Family and School Connectedness Associated with Lower Depression among Latinx Early Adolescents in an Agricultural County
Authors: Raymond‐Flesch Marissa , Browne Erica N. , Auerswald Colette , Minnis Alexandra M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDepression constitutes one of the greatest sources of morbidity and mortality for U.S. adolescents. Latinx are the fastest growing U.S. adolescent population, particularly in rural communities, and suffer from depression at higher rates than other racial/ethnic groups. Informed by community perspectives on adolescent health, we examined factors associated with depression among Latinx early adolescents in an agricultural community. We surveyed 599 predominantly Latinx 8th graders (12 to 15 years old) recruited from middle schools in Salinas, California. Depression was measured cross‐sectionally with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐8. Exposures included environmental, cultural, and family factors, assessed using validated measures. We used hierarchical logistic regression guided by Garcia Coll’s Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children to examine associations between protective factors within each domain and depression. Eighty‐six of the 599 youth (14%) scored above the clinical threshold for depression, with higher prevalence among females (19%) than males (10%), p = .001. Environmental (school connectedness and neighborhood social cohesion) and family factors were associated with a lower odds of depression (all p ≤ .01). Social cohesion in neighborhoods and family communication offered similarly strong protective associations with depression. Increased language assimilation was associated with an increased odds of depression (p = .007).
Use of joinpoint regressions to evaluate changes over time in conscript height
Authors: Terán José Manuel , Sánchez‐García Elena , Martínez‐Carrión José‐Miguel , Bogin Barry , Varea Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesCohort variation in adult height expresses both the impact of socio‐economic change on human biology in a wide temporal perspective and social inequalities within populations. We aimed to test the use of joinpoint regressions to identify periods in which changes in height trends were statistically significant.MethodsData correspond to the height recorded in Madrid City (Spain) for 65 313 conscripts between 1936 and 1974 (cohorts from 1915 to 1953), a period of social and political turmoil. Secular trends in height were analyzed in eight districts with contrasting socio‐economic conditions, grouped in two categories, lower‐class and middle‐ and upper‐class. Trends in height were evaluated by quadratic regressions and by joinpoint regressions to identify the cut‐off years when trends changed significantly.ResultsHeight increased in both socio‐economic categories of districts, more among conscripts from the lower‐class ones. However, results clearly show differences in trends according to district of residence. Whereas the increase in height in conscripts from the middle‐ and upper‐class districts was steady, it was slower in those from the lower classes, with declines in height during the Civil War and first years of the Franco dictatorship.ConclusionsJoinpoint analysis reveals the association between urban living conditions and adult height, and that the disparities intensified during critical historical periods of Spain.