bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep-learning method using computed tomography scout images for estimating patient body weight
Authors: Ichikawa Shota , Hamada Misaki , Sugimori Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBody weight is an indispensable parameter for determination of contrast medium dose, appropriate drug dosing, or management of radiation dose. However, we cannot always determine the accurate patient body weight at the time of computed tomography (CT) scanning, especially in emergency care. Time-efficient methods to estimate body weight with high accuracy before diagnostic CT scans currently do not exist. In this study, on the basis of 1831 chest and 519 abdominal CT scout images with the corresponding body weights, we developed and evaluated deep-learning models capable of automatically predicting body weight from CT scout images. In the model performance assessment, there were strong correlations between the actual and predicted body weights in both chest (ρ = 0.947,p < 0.001) and abdominal datasets (ρ = 0.869,p < 0.001). The mean absolute errors were 2.75 kg and 4.77 kg for the chest and abdominal datasets, respectively. Our proposed method with deep learning is useful for estimating body weights from CT scout images with clinically acceptable accuracy and potentially could be useful for determining the contrast medium dose and CT dose management in adult patients with unknown body weight.
Enhancement of ice-phase precipitation caused by thermal forcing produces ghost echoes over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Yilun , Zhang Aoqi , Chen Shumin , Tu Chaoyong , Li Weibiao , Fu Yunfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhether tall storms produce heavy precipitation is currently a controversial topic. Here, we used seven years of observations from the dual-frequency precipitation radar and found that there is a rare but unique vertical precipitation structure over the Tibetan Plateau. The radar echo peaks above the freezing height, which we refer to as a “ghost echo”. The existence of a ghost echo increases the echo-top height but suppresses the increase in droplet size below it, and therefore weakens the near-surface precipitation. Compared with normal echoes, ghost echoes appear more often in the afternoon. The potentially unstable environment produced by thermal forcing is the main cause of ghost echoes, rather than the dynamic factor of wind shear. The ghost echo, which is essentially a mechanism of ice-phase precipitation enhancement, represents a type of tall but weak precipitation. Its existence adds to our current perception of the nature of precipitation.
Efficient harmonic generation in an adiabatic multimode submicron tapered optical fiber
Authors: Ha Chang Kyun , Nam Kee Hwan , Kang Myeong Soo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOptical nanotapers fabricated by tapering optical fibers have attracted considerable interest as an ultimate platform for high-efficiency light-matter interactions. While previously demonstrated applications relied exclusively on the low-loss transmission of only the fundamental mode, the implementation of multimode tapers that adiabatically transmit several modes has remained very challenging, hindering their use in various emerging applications in multimode nonlinear optics and quantum optics. Here, we report the realization of multimode submicron tapers that permit the simultaneous adiabatic transmission of multiple higher-order modes including the LP02 mode, through introducing deep wet-etching of conventional fiber before fiber tapering. Furthermore, as a critical application, we demonstrate fundamental-to-fundamental all-fiber third-harmonic generation with high conversion efficiencies. Our work paves the way for ultrahigh-efficiency multimode nonlinear and quantum optics, facilitating nonclassical light generation in the multimode regime, multimode soliton interactions and photonic quantum gates, and manipulation of the evanescent-field-induced optical trapping potentials of atoms and nanoparticles.
Area human sensing via ambient Wi‐Fi signals
Authors: Xu Zhimeng , Xi Jianwei , Chen Liangqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndoor human wireless sensing is crucial for many applications such as smart homes and security monitoring. It needs to understand both the number of people and their activities, which is often difficult, especially in large spaces. This paper proposes a combined people number counting and action recognition method by using the channel state information (CSI) of Wi‐Fi signal, which aims to simultaneously estimate the number of people and their actions in wireless sensing applications. First, a jump region removal algorithm is developed to calibrate the phase difference. Second, a cumulative sliding variance algorithm is designed for the detection of moving targets in the environment. Then a multi‐dimensional feature is formed by the amplitude, frequency domain, and phase difference of CSI, and based on it, a two‐level classifier based on the SVM algorithm is used to estimate the number of people and their actions. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of the system for the people counting is 93.5%, and the activity recognition rate of one‐person and two‐person is 99.6% and 94.6% respectively.
An observer‐based current reconstruction of induction motor driven water pump with improved power flow control by ANN based DPC of PV‐grid interactive system
Authors: Shukla Saurabh , Singh Bhim , Al‐Durra Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient power sharing between the solar PV array and the utility is the core aim of this work. A mechanical sensorless direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor (IM) is implemented for the water pumping application. The PV array is operated at maximum power point (MPP), ensuring full utilization. Therefore, the integrated system ensures uninterrupted power for water pump operation regardless of the irradiance level. For serving the purpose of grid integration and IM control, two voltage source converters (VSCs) are used. The two VSCs share a common DC link. An artificial neural network (ANN) based direct power control is utilized to maintain the power transfer in both directions between the PV array‐grid integration and an induction motor drive with a water pump. Moreover, an observer based current adaptive approach is used for motor current estimation from a single current sensor used for DC link current sensing. The overall system comprising of the three‐phase grid in conjugation with PV array operating induction motor drive used for water pumping, is simulated and verified through test results. MATLAB/Simulink environment with Sim‐power system toolbox is used to perform the software simulation. In the laboratory, a test bed of grid connected water pumping system is developed.
SNR‐dependent drone classification using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Dale Holly , Baker Chris , Antoniou Michail , Jahangir Mohammed , Atkinson George , Harman Stephen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadar sensing offers a method of achieving 24‐h all‐weather drone surveillance, but in order to be maximally effective, systems need to be able to discriminate between birds and drones. This work examines drone‐bird classification performance as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Classification at low SNR values is necessary in order to classify drones with a small radar cross‐section (RCS), as well as to facilitate reliable classification at longer ranges. To investigate the relationship between classification performance and SNR, Gaussian noise is added to an experimentally obtained dataset of radar spectrograms. Classification is performed by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It is shown that for the data available classification accuracy drops with falling SNR, as might be expected for any given CNN. The degree to which performance degrades with reduced SNR is presented. It is further shown that simpler network architectures are more robust to noise. Finally, it is demonstrated that data augmentation can be used as a means of enhancing classification accuracy at lower SNR values. Bayesian optimisation is used to find the optimal augmentation hyperparameters and overall, classification accuracies of 92% are achieved at low SNR.
Patients with Central Hypothyroidism are Less Sufficiently Treated with Levothyroxine than Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Samec Barbara , Setnikar Gaja , Gaberscek Simona , Kocjan Tomaz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Contrary to patients with hypothyroidism after radioiodine (HRI) or after thyroidectomy (HTh), patients with central hypothyroidism (CH) cannot rely on thyrotropin (TSH) level to guide their treatment with L-thyroxine (L-T4). Consequently, they are at constant risk of under- or overtreatment. We aimed to establish the adequacy of L-T4 treatment in patients with CH in our cohort.Methods Consecutive patients with CH on L-T4 treatment were compared with patients adequately treated for HRI or HTh. Levels of free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were evaluated and the fT4/fT3 ratio was calculated.Results Forty patients with CH, 136 patients with HRI and 43 patients with HTh were included in this study. Patients with HRI were significantly younger than patients with HTh and CH (p<0.001 for both). Levels of fT4 were significantly lower in CH than in adequately treated patients with HRI and HTh (median (range), 15.6 (12.7–21.3), 18.4 (12.2–28.8), and 18.7 (13.8–25.5) pmol/L, respectively, p<0.001 for both comparisons). Levels of fT3 did not differ significantly (p=0.521) between CH, HRI and HTh (median (range), 4.5 (2.7–5.9), 4.3 (3.2–6.2), and 4.4 (2.9–5.5) pmol/L, respectively). Accordingly, the fT4/fT3 ratio was significantly lower in the CH group than in HRI and HTh groups (median (range), 3.7 (2.5–5.2), 4.2 (1.2–7.7), and 4.4 (2.5–6.1), respectively, p<0.001 for both comparisons).Conclusions Patients with CH have lower fT4 levels and lower fT4/fT3 ratios than patients adequately treated for HRI or HTh. The cause for this difference may be the unreliable TSH levels in patients with CH.
Increasing Pediatric Audiology Services via Telehealth
Authors: Evans Tommy , Nejman Timothy , Stewart Erin , Windmill Ian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTelehealth as a means to deliver health care services has been used by physicians for many years, but the use of telehealth in audiology, specifically in pediatrics, has been minimal. Barriers such as licensure, reimbursement, technology, and equipment have been cited as reasons for audiologists not participating in telehealth. However, the COVID-19 pandemic created the need for telehealth services to be widely used to safely increase access to healthcare, and emergent orders helped reduce previous barriers so that audiologists could participate in telehealth service delivery. This article details three cases where audiologists delivered telehealth services to children. These case studies demonstrate portions of the Division of Audiology Telehealth Program of the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and how they increased access to hearing healthcare in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Endotherapy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: Birda Chhagan L. , Kumar Antriksh , Samanta Jayanta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH) is a common GI emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. Triaging cases on the basis of patient-related factors, restrictive blood transfusion strategy, and hemodynamic stabilization are key initial steps for the management of patients with NVUGIH. Endoscopy remains a vital step for both diagnosis and definitive management. Multiple studies and guidelines have now defined the optimum timing for performing the endoscopy after hospitalization, to better the outcome. Conventional methods for achieving endoscopic hemostasis, such as injection therapy, contact, and noncontact thermal therapy, and mechanical therapy, such as through-the-scope clips, have reported to have 76 to 90% efficacy for primary hemostasis. Newer modalities to enhance hemostasis rates have come in vogue. Many of these modalities, such as cap-mounted clips, coagulation forceps, and hemostatic powders have proved to be efficacious in multiple studies. Thus, the newer modalities are recommended not only for management of persistent bleed and recurrent bleed after failed initial hemostasis, using conventional modalities but also now being advocated for primary hemostasis. Failure of endotherapy would warrant radiological or surgical intervention. Some newer tools to optimize endotherapy, such as endoscopic Doppler probes, for determining flow in visible or underlying vessels in ulcer bleed are now being evaluated. This review is focused on the technical aspects and efficacy of various endoscopic modalities, both conventional and new. A synopsis of the various studies describing and comparing the modalities have been outlined. Postendoscopic management including Helicobacter pylori therapy and starting of anticoagulants and antiplatelets have also been outlined.
Driving mechanism of drift-step-recovery diodes
Authors: Fang Xu , Song Huimin , Wu Yun , Liang Hua , Xia Wenfeng , Qiao Hanqing , Xie Jialing , Shi Yiping , Yi Chaolong , Li Yinghong 
Published: August 2021

Parameters governing forward and reverse pumping of a device mechanism have an important influence on the cutoff and output characteristics of a drift-step-recovery diode (DSRD). Therefore, we analyzed the driving circuit for the DSRD that was used to adjust pumping parameter values. With multiple modules in parallel, a driving method exploiting narrow-pulse pumping is proposed in developing a high-repetition-frequency DSRD pulse generator. In experiments and simulations, one key factor affecting the working stability of this pulse generator operating at repetition frequencies in the megahertz range was found that helped in further optimizing the parameter settings of our 2 kV DSRD driving circuit. From this insight, a 2 kV–5 MHz all-solid-state high-repetition-frequency pulse generator based on the DSRD was developed.
Moiré excitons in defective van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Guo Hongli , Zhang Xu , Lu Gang 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Defects are inevitable in van der Waals (vdW) materials, but their role on moiré excitons remains unknown. While both moiré and defect potentials can trap excitons in twisted vdW heterostructures, their interplay has not been explored thus far. In this work, we perform first-principles simulations to elucidate the interplay of the defect and moiré potentials in tailoring the excitonic properties in twisted vdW heterostructures. Our work provides an in-depth study of defect-trapped moiré excitons in vdW heterostructures and establishes defect engineering as a promising strategy to tailor optoelectronic responses on demand.
A filamentous archaeal virus is enveloped inside the cell and released through pyramidal portals
Authors: Baquero Diana P. , Gazi Anastasia D. , Sachse Martin , Liu Junfeng , Schmitt Christine , Moya-Nilges Maryse , Schouten Stefan , Prangishvili David , Krupovic Mart 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceEgress of most eukaryotic enveloped viruses, including such human pathogens as HIV-1, Ebola, and coronaviruses, occurs via budding through cellular membranes, a process concomitant with virion assembly. Archaea are also infected by enveloped viruses, but how their virions are assembled and released from the cells remained largely unknown. We show that virions of Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus (SIFV) are assembled and enveloped in the cell cytoplasm. Instead of budding, SIFV induces the formation of pyramidal structures, which penetrate the cell envelope and serve as portals for virion release. Comparison of the infection cycles of evolutionarily related enveloped and nonenveloped filamentous archaeal viruses suggests that the primary role of the lipothrixvirus membrane is to protect the genome against extreme environmental conditions.
ERPP practices in the Arab world
Authors: Abusalim Anoud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Limited empirical research addresses how Arabic-speaking English as an Additional Language (EAL) scholars approach
research writing and its associated challenges despite that many Arabic-Speaking EAL scholars are engaging in global knowledge
production outside and inside the Arab World. This is even more the case now than in the past as some Arab universities are
prompting proactive research agendas that encourage publishing in high-impact English language journals. This paper examines 20
empirical studies that investigated the research writing and publishing practices of Arabic-speaking EAL scholars, and analyzes
the content of those studies according to the scholars’ research drivers and the accompanying challenges they faced when
publishing their research in English. This paper also highlights how these challenges are experienced in different universities
and countries, emphasizing the complexity of English for Research Publishing Purposes (ERPP) practices even within the same
linguistic group. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the growing ERPP scholarship by serving as a starting point for more
systematic research on Arabic-speaking EAL scholars.
Differential object marking in Catalan
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina , Pineda Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper we provide a comprehensive picture of differential object marking in Catalan, focusing on both the empirical facts and their theoretical contribution. We support some important conclusions. First, Catalan differential object marking is quite a robust and widespread phenomenon, contrary to what prescriptive grammars assume. Second, we show that, from a formal perspective, Catalan differential object marking cannot be completely subsumed under hierarchical generalizations known asscales. The contribution of narrow syntax mechanisms and nominal structure is fundamental, supporting recent views byLópez (2012)or Ormazabal and Romero (2007,2010,2013a,b), a.o. Building on these works as well as on observations initially made byCornilescu (2000)andRodríguez-Mondoñedo (2007), a.o., we adopt an analysis under which canonical, animacy-based differential marking results from the presence of an additional (PERSON) feature, beyond Case. This structural make-up is not only at the core of differences marked objects exhibit from unmarked objects with a Case feature, but also derives the prominence of differential marking on (animates) under information-structure processes, in the high left (and right) periphery, in contexts of the type discussed by Escandell-Vidal (2007a,b,2009).
Well-prefaced constructed dialogue as a marker of stance in online abortion discourse
Authors: Fleckenstein Kristen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of well-prefaced constructed dialogue as a stance-taking resource
in written discourse on abortion. Drawing from four corpora collected from editorials, blogs, Twitter, and Reddit, I demonstrate
that writers use the discourse marker well to indicate a stance of disalignment and convey negative attitudinal
information when there is tension between the writer’s beliefs and those expressed in the constructed dialogue; the discourse
marker allows the writer to position and align themself to construct a specific identity that reinforces a positive-self,
negative-other evaluation.
Validation of ambulatory monitoring devices to measure energy expenditure and heart rate in a military setting
Authors: Gilgen-Ammann Rahel , Roos Lilian , Wyss Thomas , Veenstra Bertil J , Delves Simon K , Beeler Nadja , Buller Mark J , Friedl Karl E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives.To investigate the validity of different devices and algorithms used in military organizations worldwide to assess physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and heart rate (HR) among soldiers. Design. Device validation study. Methods. Twenty-three male participants serving their mandatory military service accomplished, firstly, nine different military specific activities indoors, and secondly, a normal military routine outdoors. Participants wore simultaneously an ActiHeart, Everion, MetaMax 3B, Garmin Fenix 3, Hidalgo EQ02, and PADIS 2.0 system. The PAEE and HR data of each system were compared to the criterion measures MetaMax 3B and Hidalgo EQ02, respectively. Results. Overall, the recorded systematic errors in PAEE estimation ranged from 0.1 (±1.8) kcal.min−1 to −1.7 (±1.8) kcal.min−1 for the systems PADIS 2.0 and Hidalgo EQ02 running the Royal Dutch Army algorithm, respectively, and in the HR assessment ranged from −0.1 (±2.1) b.min−1 to 0.8 (±3.0) b.min−1 for the PADIS 2.0 and ActiHeart systems, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in PAEE estimation ranged from 29.9% to 75.1%, with only the Everion system showing an overall MAPE <30%, but all investigated devices reported overall MAPE <1.4% in the HR assessment. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated poor to moderate validity in terms of PAEE estimation, but excellent validity in all investigated devices in terms of HR assessment. Overall, the Everion performed among the best in both parameters and with a device placement on the upper arm, the Everion system is particularly useful during military service, as it does not interfere with other relevant equipment.
Cutting cosmological correlators
Authors: Goodhew Harry , Jazayeri Sadra , Lee Mang Hei Gordon , Pajer Enrico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The initial conditions of our universe appear to us in the form of a classical probability distribution that we probe with cosmological observations. In the current leading paradigm, this probability distribution arises from a quantum mechanical wavefunction of the universe. Here we ask what the imprint of quantum mechanics is on the late time observables. We show that the requirement of unitary time evolution, colloquially the conservation of probabilities, fixes the analytic structure of the wavefunction and of all the cosmological correlators it encodes. In particular, we derive in perturbation theory an infinite set of single-cut rules that generalize the Cosmological Optical Theorem and relate a certain discontinuity of any tree-level n-point function to that of lower-point functions. Our rules are closely related to, but distinct from the recently derived Cosmological Cutting Rules. They follow from the choice of the Bunch-Davies vacuum and a simple property of the (bulk-to-bulk) propagator and are astoundingly general: we prove that they are valid for fields with a linear dispersion relation and any mass, any integer spin and arbitrary local interactions with any number of derivatives. They also apply to general FLRW spacetimes admitting a Bunch-Davies vacuum, including de Sitter, slow-roll inflation, power-law cosmologies and even resonant oscillations in axion monodromy. We verify the single-cut rules in a number of non-trivial examples, including four massless scalars exchanging a massive scalar, as relevant for cosmological collider physics, four gravitons exchanging a graviton, and a scalar five-point function.