bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing hepatitis C virus distribution among vulnerable populations in London using whole genome sequencing: results from the TB-REACH study
Authors: Aisyah Dewi Nur , Story Alistair , Kremyda-Vlachou Myrto , Kozlakidis Zisis , Shalcross Laura , Hayward Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Background: Injecting drugs substantially increases the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is common in vulnerable population groups, such as the homeless and prisoners. Capturing accurate data on relative genotype distribution within these groups is essential to inform strategies to reduce HCV transmission. The aim of this study was to utilise a next-generation whole-genome sequencing method recently validated by Public Health England, in order to produce near complete HCV genomes. Methods: In total, 98 HCV positive patients were recruited from homeless hostels and drug treatment services through the National Health Services (NHS) Find and Treat (F&T) Service between May 2011 and June 2013 in London, UK. Samples were sequenced by Next-generation sequencing, with 88 complete HCV genomes constructed by a de novo assembly pipeline. They were analysed phylogenetically for an estimate of their genetic distance. Results: Of the 88 complete HCV genomes, 50/88 (56.8%) were genotype 1; 32/88 (36.4%) genotype 3; 4/88 (4.5%) genotype 2; and 1/88 (1.1%) for genotypes 4 and 6 each. Subtype 1a had the highest number of samples (51.1%), followed by subtype 3a (35.2%), 1b (5.7%), and 2b (3.4%). Samples collected from drug treatment services had the highest number of genotype 1 (69%); genotypes 4 and 6 were only found from samples collected in homeless shelters. Small clusters of highly related genomic sequences were observed both across and within the vulnerable groups sampled. Conclusions: Subsequent phylogenetic analysis provides a first indication that there are related HCV sequences amongst the three vulnerable population groups, reflecting their overlapping social behaviours. This study is the first presentation of whole genome HCV sequences from such vulnerable groups in London and paves the way for similar research in the future.
Current Issues of Providing the Personnel of the Radiation Hazardous Facilities with Personal Protection Equipment Complying with the Requirements and Working Conditions
Authors: Rubcov V. , Trebuhin A. , Nefedov A. , Klochkova E. , Olenina I. , Zinoviev V. , Timoshenko A. , Isaev O , Bogdanov M. , Bogdanov S. , Egereva T. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The article covers issues related to the providing personal protection for the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities. Specific character of working conditions at the enterprises in the field of atomic energy use is caused by extremely high toxic level of radioactive substances and the fact that there is no human sense organ which can identify dangerous levels of radiation exposure. Establishment of mandatory requirements for manufacturing, identification and verification of personal protection equipment (PPE) in the field of atomic energy use is needed because using of low-quality PPE and PPE not complying with working conditions poses a risk for the health of workers. The article provides results of analysis of the regulatory frameworks, both current and under development, which set the requirements for PPE.
Results: Since 2017 Rosatom is executing plans for development of series of industry standards specifying requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use and methods of their testing. More than 25 interstate and national standards on PPE were included in the Summary list of standardization documents in the field of atomic energy use. PPE was included in the list of products subject to mandatory certification and having requirements for safety assurance in the field of atomic energy use specified.
Industry and national standards establishing requirements for PPE protecting from tritium, radioactive noble gases, radioactive iodine, high-toxic alpha-emitting radionuclides, as well as standards on methods of their testing are planned to be developed soon.
Conclusion: The system of standardizing requirements for PPE in the field of atomic energy use created by, together with existing system of certification of PPE in the field of atomic energy use will help to increase effectiveness of personal protection of the personnel at radiation and chemical hazardous facilities in nuclear industry.
Enhancing the Regulatory Support of Occupational Radiation Protection during Decommissioning and Dismantling of Ships with Nuclear Power Installations and Nuclear Service Vessels
Authors: Simakov A. , Arefeva D. , Abramov Yu. , Proskuryakova N , Kemskiy I. , Shayahmetova A. 
Published: September 2021

Results: Information is provided on the developed regulatory and methodological documents including health physics and organizational requirements for the radiation safety and protection supervision in the course of work on decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear submarines, nuclear service ships and surface vessels with nuclear installations, as well as during storage of reactor compartments of decommissioned nuclear submarines and block packs of nuclear service ships.
Conclusion: The developed documents are aimed at further improving the regulatory legal and methodological support of citizens’ rights to safe working conditions, health protection and social protection.
Assessment of investment in electric buses: A case study of a public transport company
Authors: Fabianova Jana , Janekova Jaroslava 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This case study presents an assessment of the efficiency and risk of the vehicle fleet renewal in the public transport company. The investment project is solved in two alternatives. The first alternative consists of vehicle replacement by only electric buses. In the second alternative, a combination of electric buses and CNG buses is considered. Assessment of the economic efficiency of the investment project is based on the net present value (NPV). Due to lower initial and ongoing capital expenditures, the second alternative is more cost-effective than the first one although the profitability of the investment project is low. Within risk assessment, sensitivity analysis points out the subsidy and personal costs as the risk factors influencing variance of NPV the most. Finally, the effectiveness of the investment project is assessed at different levels of the use of financial support from EU funds and the state budget. In that case, even a low level of financial support significantly increased the profitability of the project.
Should I Start My Own Venture? Moderating Effect of Pull Factors on the Relationship of Push Factors with Women Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Ghatak Arpita , Bhowmick Bhaskar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Extant literature of women entrepreneurial intention (EI) has not studied the interplay of push and pull factors well, creating a lacuna in literature. In this paper, we explored how barriers within their professional careers, i.e. push factors led to women EI, and how interpersonal motivators and contextual pull factors moderated that relationship. Adopting the push-pull framework and analyzing survey-based responses from 302 working women using structural-equation-modeling, we find that the need for recognition (NFR) and the glass ceiling (GC) effect have positive relationships, whereas family support (FS) has a negative relationship with EIs. Moreover, the NFR and FS moderate GC-EI relationship. Our study contributes towards the women entrepreneurship literature by focusing on the interplay of push and pull factors. The paper also provides important managerial and policy implications for organizations and policy makers.
Chebyshev spectral method for solving a class of local and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Singh Harendra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with a class of Bratu’s type, Troesch’s and nonlocal elliptic boundary value problems. Due to strong nonlinearity and presence of parameter δ, it is very difficult to solve these problems. Here we solve these classes of important equations using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. We have provided the convergence of the proposed approximate method. The trueness of the method is shown by applying it to some illustrative examples. Results are compared with some known methods to highlight its neglectable error and high accuracy.
Somatostatin Interneurons of the Insula Mediate QR2-Dependent Novel Taste Memory Enhancement
Authors: Gould Nathaniel L. , Kolatt Chandran Sailendrakumar , Kayyal Haneen , Edry Efrat , Rosenblum Kobi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForming long-term memories is crucial for adaptive behavior and survival in changing environments. The molecular consolidation processes which underlie the formation of these long-term memories are dependent on protein synthesis in excitatory and SST-expressing neurons. A centrally important, parallel process to this involves the removal of the memory constraint quinone reductase 2 (QR2), which has been recently shown to enhance memory consolidation for novel experiences in the cortex and hippocampus, via redox modulation. However, it is unknown within which cell type in the cortex removal of QR2 occurs, nor how this affects neuronal function. Here, we use novel taste learning in the mouse anterior insular cortex (aIC) to show that similarly to mRNA translation, QR2 removal occurs in excitatory and SST-expressing neurons. Interestingly, both novel taste and QR2 inhibition reduce excitability specifically within SST, but not excitatory neurons. Furthermore, reducing QR2 expression in SST, but not in PV or excitatory neurons, is sufficient to enhance taste memory. Thus, QR2 mediated intrinsic property changes of SST interneurons in the aIC is a central removable factor to allow novel taste memory formation. This previously unknown involvement of QR2 and SST interneurons in resetting aIC activity hours following learning, describes a molecular mechanism to define cell circuits for novel information. Therefore, the QR2 pathway in SST interneurons provides a fresh new avenue by which to tackle age-related cognitive deficits, while shedding new light onto the functional machinations of long-term memory formation for novel information.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Regulates the Genesis of Displaced Retinal Ganglion Cells3
Authors: Kisseleff Elena , Vigouroux Robin J. , Hottin Catherine , Lourdel Sophie , Thomas Leah , Shah Parth , Chédotal Alain , Perron Muriel , Swaroop Anand , Roger Jerome E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins (GSK3α and GSK3β) are key mediators of signaling pathways, with crucial roles in coordinating fundamental biological processes during neural development. Here we show that the complete loss of GSK3 signaling in mouse retinal progenitors leads to microphthalmia with broad morphologic defects. A single wild-type allele of eitherGsk3αorGsk3βis able to rescue this phenotype. In this genetic context, all cell types are present in a functional retina. However, we unexpectedly detected a large number of cells in the inner nuclear layer expressing retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-specific markers (called displaced RGCs, dRGCs) when at least one allele ofGsk3αis expressed. The excess of dRGCs leads to an increased number of axons projecting into the ipsilateral medial terminal nucleus, an area of the brain belonging to the non-image-forming visual circuit and poorly targeted by RGCs in wild-type retina. Transcriptome analysis and optomotor response assay suggest that at least a subset of dRGCs inGsk3mutant mice are direction-selective RGCs. Our study thus uncovers a unique role of GSK3 in controlling the production of ganglion cells in the inner nuclear layer, which correspond to dRGCs, a rare and poorly characterized retinal cell type.
Isoform-Specific Reduction of the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TCF4 Levels in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Nurm Kaja , Sepp Mari , Castany-Pladevall Carla , Creus-Muncunill Jordi , Tuvikene Jürgen , Sirp Alex , Vihma Hanna , Blake Derek J. , Perez-Navarro Esther , Timmusk Tõnis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder with onset of characteristic motor symptoms at midlife, preceded by subtle cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Transcriptional dysregulation emerges early in the disease course and is considered central to HD pathogenesis. Using wild-type (wt) and HD knock-in mouse striatal cell lines we observed a HD genotype-dependent reduction in the protein levels of transcription factor 4 (TCF4), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family with critical roles in brain development and function. We characterized mouseTcf4gene structure and expression of alternative mRNAs and protein isoforms in cell-based models of HD, and in four different brain regions of male transgenic HD mice (R6/1) from young to mature adulthood. The largest decrease in the levels of TCF4 at mRNA and specific protein isoforms were detected in the R6/1 mouse hippocampus. Translating this finding to human disease, we found reduced expression of long TCF4 isoforms in the postmortem hippocampal CA1 area and in the cerebral cortex of HD patients. Additionally, TCF4 protein isoforms showed differential synergism with the proneural transcription factor ASCL1 in activating reporter gene transcription in hippocampal and cortical cultured neurons. Induction of neuronal activity increased these synergistic effects in hippocampal but not in cortical neurons, suggesting brain region-dependent differences in TCF4 functions. Collectively, this study demonstrates isoform-specific changes in TCF4 expression in HD that could contribute to the progressive impairment of transcriptional regulation and neuronal function in this disease.
Efecto de sustratos y fuentes orgánicas en la propagación de banano y plátano
Authors: Martínez Gustavo , Rey Juan Carlos , Pargas Rafael , Guerra Carlos , Manzanilla Edwuar , Ramírez Henry 
Published: September 2021

Introducción. Contar con semillas en menor tiempo es un factor importante en cualquier sistema de producción de musáceas. Objetivo. Evaluar diferentes sustratos y fuentes orgánicas en el crecimiento de plantas de banano y brotación de cormos de plátano. Materiales y métodos. Durante el 2019, en Maracay, Venezuela, Se realizaron en vivero dos experimentos: 1) plántulas de banano de 45 días sembradas en: sustrato básico (SB) arena y cascarilla de arroz proporción 1:1(T0); SB + vermicompost proporción 1:1(T1); sustrato del T1 previa inmersión durante 1 h en vermicompost líquido al 50 % (Vl50%) (T2); condiciones iguales del T2 pero regadas cada semana con Vl50% (T3). Número de hojas (NH), altura de plántula (AP) y período de trasplante al campo (PTC), se evaluaron por 45 días. 2) Secciones de cormos de plátano sumergidos 30 min en: agua (H0); solución ácido húmico (FITOFOL®) (H1); humus Río Caroní® (H2); vermicompost líquido (H3); todos al 1 %, sembrados en cantero con suelo + arena + cáscara de arroz (SAC) proporción 1:1:0,25; replicados en otro cantero igual + 4,5 kg restos de sustrato para cría de Trichoderma sp. (40 000 unidades formadoras colonia) (SACT). Se evaluaron durante diez semanas: brotación, AP y peso de raíces (PR). Resultados. Experimento 1. El vermicompost incrementó significativamente 4,5 cm la AP y redujo el PTC de 49 a 35 días, con respecto al testigo. Experimento 2. El vermicompost (H3) generó diferencias altamente significativas en AP y PR con incrementos de 10 cm y 19 g, respectivamente. En interacciones con SACT, el FITOFOL® (H1) superó los demás tratamientos. Conclusiones. El vermicompost líquido y/o sólido aceleró significativamente el crecimiento de plántulas de banano y acortó la aclimatación en vivero. H3 y FITOFOL® combinado con SACT, mostró la mayor respuesta de AP y PR en los cormos de plátanos.
ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF APPLIED SOFTWARE “LIRA” IN CALCULATIONS OF NON-CIRCULAR TUNNEL LININGS
Authors: V. P. KUPRIY  , O. L. TIUTKIN  , P. YE. ZAKHARCHENKO  
Published: September 2021

Purpose. The article examines the effect on the stress-strain state of the parameters of the finite-element model created in the “Lira” software package in a numerical analysis of non-circular outlined tunnels. Methodology To achieve this goal, the authors developed finite element models of the calotte part of the mine during the construction of a double track railway tunnel using “Lira” software. In each of the models in the “Lira” software package, the interaction zone with temporary fastening was sampled in a specific way. After creation of models, their numerical analysis with the detailed research of his results was conducted. Findings. In the finite element models, the values of deformations and stresses in the horizontal and vertical axes, as well as the maximum values of the moments and longitudinal forces in the temporary fastening were obtained. A comparative analysis of the obtained values of the components of the stress-strain state with a change in the parameters of the finite element model was carried out. The graphs of the laws of these results from the discretization features of the two models were plotted. The third finite element model with a radial meshing in the zone of interaction of temporary support with the surrounding soil massif was investigated. Originality It has been established that in the numerical analysis of the SSS of a tunnel lining of a non-circular outline, its results substantially depend on the shape, size and configuration of the applied finite elements, on the size of the computational area of the soil massif, and also on the conditions for taking into account the actual (elastic or plastic) behavior of the soil massif. Practical value. The features of discretization and the required dimensions of the computational area of the soil massif were determined when modeling the “lining – soil massif” system, which provide sufficient accuracy for calculating the parameters of the stress-strain state of the lining.
El patrimonio culinario como generador de industrias creativas y culturales: el caso de la plaza de mercado de Riosucio, Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Delgado Tania Catalina , Ocampo Serna Ayda Nidia 
Published: September 2021

La gastronomía tradicional además de conformar una parte significativa del patrimonio material e inmaterial de una sociedad constituye un escenario con un potencial importante en el desarrollo de industrias creativas y culturales comprometidas con la protección y promoción de la diversidad cultural. A partir de este marco conceptual este artículo tiene como objetivo proyectar/visibilizar la plaza de mercado de Riosucio Caldas, Colombia, como unescenario de prácticas culinarias capaz de articular las tradiciones y saberes de las cocinas tradicionales con el crecimiento económico. El enfoque metodológico tiene un carácter cualitativo que (a través de procesos de diálogo con la misma comunidad) presenta una realidad llena de valores históricos, sociales, simbólicos y estéticos que al ser analizados dieron como resultado la caracterización de esta Plaza como espacio de valor patrimonial con un potencial valioso en la generación de economías creativas, por la gran variedad de manifestaciones resultantes de la pluralidad de culturas que allí se encuentran entrelazadas por prácticas sociales y factores como el trabajo colectivo, la cooperación y un sistema culinario lleno de sincretismos que imprimen a esta Plaza una identidad legítima construida y enriquecida durante siglos. Como conclusión se resalta la necesidad de estrategias que promuevan en esta Plaza la recuperación arquitectónica; su sostenibilidad social, cultural y económica de manera vinculante; la socialización de sus saberes; la promoción de su valor patrimonial; y la transmisión de su legado a las generaciones venideras en un marco de trabajo que estimule la cooperación de actores públicos y privados, multisectoriales y multidisciplinares.
Sin programa. Aprendizaje proyectual en arquitectura a través de la enunciación
Authors: Machado Penso María Verónica 
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal descentrar la enseñanza del proyecto arquitectónico a través del programa para proponerla desde la enunciación. Como método, crea un dispositivo discursivo elaborado sobre la comprensión de que quien proyecta es un ser contemporáneo, que habita en una realidad que está construida a partir de discursos. Es entonces que este dispositivo se estructura en ocho estadios que trabajan el proceso de proyección arquitectónica desde una perspectiva discursiva y experiencial. Como resultado, se explican cuatro de las enunciaciones desarrolladas para este artículo como una demostración de las experiencias de este proceso. Estas enunciaciones versan sobre distintos temas de la arquitectura: “El origen es ahora principio de impermanencia”, donde el origen es el lugar fundacional de la ciudad de Maracaibo, la costa; el principio indica otro modo de inserción arquitectónica. “Naturalezas compatibles” como el modo de sensibilizar hacia relaciones armónicas entre la arquitectura y el ecosistema enel que se inserta. “Sobre las sobras”, propone repensar desde la arquitectura, los paisajes residuales. “La casa de Alicia en el país de las maravillas” se piensa como el medio para la vida de una familia disfuncional, a partir de la cual se proyecta una CASA no del autor sino del morador. Se concluye, entonces, que este modo de enseñanza del proyecto arquitectónico fortalece las capacidades propositivas y heurísticas de quien aprende; sitúa en quien aprende en su contemporaneidad y desde allí lo transforma para conciliar el lugar con la vida humana; explora en la práctica reflexiva como generación de conocimiento en un contexto Latinoamericano; y saca el aprendizaje de lo programático para convertirlo en experiencia heurística que surge desde lo discursivo como naturaleza de la realidad.