bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven-Day Pedometer-Assessed Step Counts and Brain Volume: A Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Kadota Aya , Shiino Akihiko , Fujiyoshi Akira , Ito Takahiro , Haidar Syaifullah Ali , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Hisamatsu Takashi , Segawa Hiroyoshi , Tooyama Ikuo , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Miura Katsuyuki , _ _ 
Published: January 2021

Background: To investigate the association between step counts and brain volumes (BVs)—global and 6a prioriselected cognition-related regions of interest—in Japanese men aged 40–79 years.Methods: The authors analyzed data from 680 cognitively intact participants of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis—a population-based observational study. Using multivariable linear regression, the authors assessed cross-sectional associations between 7-day step counts at baseline (2006–2008) and BVs at follow-up (2012–2015) for age-stratified groups (<60 y and ≥60 y).Results: In the older adults ≥60 years, step counts at baseline (per 1000 steps) were associated with total BV at follow-up (β = 1.42,P = .022) while adjusted for potential covariates. Regions of interest-based analyses yielded an association of step counts with both prefrontal cortexes (P < .05) in older adults, while the left entorhinal cortex showed marginally significant association (P = .05). No association was observed with hippocampus, parahippocampal, cingulum, and cerebellum. No association was observed in younger adults (<60 y).Conclusions: The authors found a positive association between 7-day step counts and BVs, including prefrontal cortexes, and left entorhinal cortex in apparently healthy Japanese men.
Reexamining the Energy Cost of Sedentary Behaviors From the 2011 Adult Compendium
Authors: Barnett Rachel K. , Greever Cory , Yagi Karen , Rhoan Brendan , Keadle Sarah Kozey 
Published: January 2021

Background: This study reexamines the energy cost of lower intensity activities compared to the 2011 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities. Methods: Participants (n = 32, age = 35 [13.8] y, 16 females) wore a portable metabolic system (COSMED), during 5 different conditions: sitting quietly, watching TV, sitting while working, driving, and walking at 2.0 mph. The metabolic equivalent (MET) values (VO2 mL·kg−1·min−1/3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1) were calculated. Results: The mean (SD) MET value for driving (1.46 [0.24]) was significantly lower than the Adult Compendium value of 2.5 (P < .001). Driving and slow walking have similar Adult Compendium values, but driving METs were significantly lower than slow walking (P < .001). Driving was similar to sitting while working (1.32 [0.25] METs, P > .05) and yielded significantly higher MET values than quiet sitting (1.08 [0.23] METs, P < .001) and watching TV (1.12 [0.22] METs, P < .001), both of which were lower than their respective Adult Compendium MET values. Conclusion: Existing Adult Compendium METs are significantly higher than measured METs for driving, which more closely correspond to sedentary behaviors than slow walking. The TV and quiet sitting also differed from their Adult Compendium values, which should be updated to reflect these findings, given that researchers and practitioners rely on Adult Compendium MET values to estimate energy cost.
Utilizing the Variability of Practice in Physical Execution, Action Observation, and Motor Imagery: Similar or Dissimilar Mechanisms?
Authors: Fazeli Davoud , Taheri HamidReza , Kakhki Alireza Saberi 
Published: January 2021

The simulation theory argues that physical execution, action observation, and imagery share similar underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, applying a high-level psychological variable (variability of practice) should have a similar effect on all three modes. To test this theory, a total of 90 right-handed students participated in this study and were randomly divided into variable versus constant groups in three practice conditions, including physical, observational, and imagery. After a pretest (10 random trials of the putting task), the participants completed 50 practice trials. The groups performed/observed/imagined the task in the variable (different distances to different goals) or constant (fixed distance and goal) practice conditions. Also, there was an extra variable group in the physical and observational conditions, deprived of watching the feedback from the action. The participants completed a retention test 24 hr after the training. The effect of practice variability was observed in physical and observational conditions, but was not seen in the imagery condition. The no-feedback groups did not perform significantly differently from the imagery groups. The reason could be the lack of actual visual feedback during imagery.
High-Ca boninitic melt inclusions in lavas of the Troodos ophiolite and a reappraisal of genetic relationships between different lava types
Authors: Hu Wen-Jun , Zhou Mei-Fu , Malpas John , Ren Zhong-Yuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Boninites in many supra-subduction zone ophiolites are thought to mark the early stage of subduction. The Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus contains a variety of volcanic rocks including the lower pillow lavas and the boninite-bearing upper pillow lavas (UPL). Here we present major, trace element and Pb isotope data for melt inclusions in olivine from the UPL on the northern flank of the Troodos ophiolite. Melt inclusions hosted by high-Mg (Fo = 89.4–93.5) olivine grains have typical high-Ca boninitic compositions with high MgO (11.2–18.4 wt%) and SiO2 (51.2–55.0 wt%) and low TiO2 (0.2–0.6 wt%) contents, in line with the existence of boninites in the northern part of the ophiolite. The melt inclusions have trace element compositions similar to the Troodos boninitic lavas and can be regarded as representing the parental magma of the boninites. The boninitic magmas were derived from high-degrees of partial melting of a refractory source at 1400 °C and 1.5 GPa based on thermobarometers and phase equilibria. The melt inclusions have significantly variable Pb isotopic compositions (208Pb/206Pb = 2.059–2.122; 207Pb/206Pb = 0.828–0.862) and are enriched in fluid-mobile trace elements (e.g., U, Sr, and Pb), indicating that the refractory source was metasomatized by slab fluids. In comparison, recalculation of literature data suggests that the lower pillow lavas were derived from a less refractory and shallower source. We propose a subduction initiation model in which melting of two unique sources was needed to form the chemostratigraphy of lavas in the Troodos ophiolite.
Intracontinental extension and geodynamic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt, North China craton: Insights from coeval A-type granitic and mafic magmatism in eastern Liaoning Province
Authors: Liu Jian-Hui , Wang Xiang-Jian , Chen Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To better understand the origin and tectonic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt, North China craton, which have long been debated, we have conducted whole-rock geochemical and zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope analyses on Paleoproterozoic monzo(syeno)granitic gneisses and metamafic rocks from eastern Liaoning Province. The results indicate that these monzo(syeno)granitic gneisses and metamafic rocks formed concurrently at ca. 2.2–2.1 Ga. The monzo(syeno)granitic gneisses show geochemical features of A-type granites and were derived from dehydration melting of Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) with minor involvement of coeval mantle-derived magma in an extensional setting. The metamafic rocks are geochemically similar to mid-ocean-ridge basalt; they were generated by partial melting of isotope-depleted asthenospheric mantle in an intracontinental extensional setting and experienced crustal and continental lithospheric mantle contamination and fractional crystallization. Based on this study and published geological evidence, we propose the following tectonic model for the origin and geodynamic evolution of the Jiao-Liao-Ji belt: (1) Generation of high-density eclogitized lower crust accompanied by formation of voluminous Archean TTGs in the Eastern block; (2) intracontinental extension driven by upwelling of an asthenospheric hotspot along the Jiao-Liao-Ji belt in period of 2.20–2.0 Ga; (3) convergent orogenic processes between the Longgang block and Nangrim block governed by gravity-driven subduction of high-density eclogitized lower crust at ca. 1.95–1.85 Ga; and (4) postorogenic extension caused by delamination of the orogenic root and subsequent hot asthenospheric upwelling. This tectonic model can well explain the origin and geodynamic evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji belt.
Plutonic record of a caldera-forming silicic eruption: The shatter zone of the Cadillac Mountain granite, coastal Maine
Authors: Wiebe Robert A. , Kolzenburg Stephan , Rooyakkers Shane M. , Stix John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that large silicic calderas are associated with voluminous synvolcanic intrusive complexes at depth, geological evidence for caldera-forming eruptions preserved in plutonic rocks has largely been elusive. Here, we document a rare example of such evidence in the Cadillac Mountain intrusive complex, Maine (USA), where erosion has revealed a remarkable marginal “shatter zone” that records evidence for a major caldera-forming eruption. This shatter zone, up to &gt;1 km wide, is bounded by a steep ring fault at its outer margin, which grades inward into Cadillac Mountain granite. Its outer margins are characterized by intensely brecciated and deformed country rock injected by felsite veins, reflecting explosive fragmentation associated with eruptive decompression. This marginal facies grades inward to a chaotic mélange of variably rounded and remelted country rock blocks in granitic matrix, reflecting debris eroded from ring fault conduit walls and milled in an eruptive jet before collapsing onto crystal mush. Further inward, blocks up to 80 m in size were stoped from the collapsing chamber roof and settled onto strong mush. Textural and chemical variations in the shatter zone matrix reveal syneruptive ascent of distinct silicic and more mafic magma from depth, which was likely drawn through the highly permeable shatter zone toward areas of low pressure beneath active vents. The Cadillac Mountain shatter zone provides clear evidence for a major eruption preserved in the plutonic record and supports the origin of some granites as the cumulate roots of large silicic volcanic systems.
Why onchocerciasis transmission persists after 15 annual ivermectin mass drug administrations in South-West Cameroon
Authors: Forrer Armelle , Wanji Samuel , Obie Elisabeth Dibando , Nji Theobald Mue , Hamill Louise , Ozano Kim , Piotrowski Helen , Dean Laura , Njouendou Abdel J , Ekanya Relindis , Ndongmo Winston Patrick Chounna , Fung Ebua Gallus , Nnamdi Dum-Buo , Abong Raphael A , Beng Amuam Andrew , Eyong Mathias Esum , Ndzeshang Bertrand L , Nkimbeng Desmond Akumtoh , Teghen Samuel , Suireng Anicetus , Ashu Ernerstine Ebot , Kah Emmanuel , Murdoch Michele M , Thomson Rachael , Theobald Sally , Enyong Peter , Turner Joseph D , Taylor Mark J 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionOnchocerciasis is targeted for elimination mainly with annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). High infection levels have been reported in South-West Cameroon, despite ≥15 years of CDTI. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with continued onchocerciasis transmission and skin disease.MethodsA large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in 20 communities in a loiasis-risk area in South-West Cameroon. A mixed-methods approach was used. Associations between infection levels, skin disease and adherence to CDTI were assessed using mixed regression modelling. Different community members’ perception and acceptability of the CDTI strategy was explored using semi-structured interviews.ResultsOnchocerciasis prevalence was 44.4% among 9456 participants. 17.5% of adults were systematic non-adherers and 5.9% participated in ≥75% of CDTI rounds. Skin disease affected 1/10 participants, including children. Increasing self-reported adherence to CDTI was associated with lower infection levels in participants aged ≥15 years but not in children. Adherence to CDTI was positively influenced by perceived health benefits, and negatively influenced by fear of adverse events linked with economic loss. Concern of lethal adverse events was a common reason for systematic non-adherence.ConclusionCDTI alone is unlikely to achieve elimination in those high transmission areas where low participation is commonly associated with the fear of adverse events, despite the current quasi absence of high-risk levels of loiasis. Such persisting historical memories and fear of ivermectin might impact adherence to CDTI also in areas with historical presence but current absence of loiasis. Because such issues are unlikely to be tackled by CDTI adaptive measures, alternative strategies are needed for onchocerciasis elimination where negative perception of ivermectin is an entrenched barrier to community participation in programmes.
Management of patients with severe aortic stenosis in the TAVI-era: how recent recommendations are translated into clinical practice
Authors: Lauten Alexander , Rudolph Tanja K , Messika-Zeitoun David , Thambyrajah Jeetendra , Serra Antonio , Schulz Eberhard , Frey Norbert , Maly Jiri , Aiello Marco , Lloyd Guy , Bortone Alessandro Santo , Clerici Alberto , Delle-Karth Georg , Rieber Johannes , Indolfi Ciro , Mancone Massimo , Belle Loic , Arnold Martin , Bouma Berto J , Lutz Matthias , Deutsch Cornelia , Kurucova Jana , Thoenes Martin , Bramlage Peter , Steeds Richard Paul 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveApproximately 3.4% of adults aged >75 years suffer from aortic stenosis (AS). Guideline indications for aortic valve replacement (AVR) distinguish between patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic severe AS. The present analysis aims to assess contemporary practice in the treatment of severe AS across Europe and identify characteristics associated with treatment decisions, namely denial of AVR in symptomatic patients and assignment of asymptomatic patients to AVR.MethodsParticipants of the prospective, multinational IMPULSE database of patients with severe AS were grouped according to AS symptoms, and stratified into subgroups based on assignment to/denial of AVR.ResultsOf 1608 symptomatic patients, 23.8% did not undergo AVR and underwent medical treatment. Denial was independently associated with multiple factors, including severe frailty (p=0.024); mitral (p=0.002) or tricuspid (p=0.004) regurgitation grade III/IV, and the presence of renal impairment (p=0.017). Of 392 asymptomatic patients, 86.5% had no prespecified indication for AVR. Regardless, 36.3% were assigned to valve replacement. Those with an indexed aortic valve area (AVA; p=0.045) or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; p<0.001) below the study median; or with a left ventricular end systolic diameter above the study median (p=0.007) were more likely to be assigned to AVR.ConclusionsThere may be considerable discrepancies between guideline-based recommendations and clinical practice decision-making in the treatment of AS. It appears that guidelines may not fully capture the complete clinical spectrum of patients with AS. Thus, there is a need to find ways to increase their acceptance and the rate of adoption.
Selling planet Earth: re-purposing geoscience communications
Authors: Stewart Iain S. , Hurth Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Earth scientists have a critical role to play in communicating to the public and policy makers what we know about present and future geo-environmental threats and challenges, such as climate change, extreme natural events, resource conflicts and the energy transition. However, whilst geoscientists are being encouraged – and, increasingly, trained – to ‘go public’ with our science, it is less clear to what extent our current geo-communications are effectively addressing the long-term planetary concerns that confront society. In this paper we argue that scientists are the interface between the research organizations that produce knowledge and the wider public who could use that knowledge, and in that regard are akin to marketers in the business world. Drawing from the dominant paradigms that shape business marketing, we re-consider the prevailing models of science communication and their consequent sense of purpose. We identify three dominant approaches of marketing-led science communication: ‘make-and-sell’; ‘sense-and-respond’; and ‘guide-and-co-create’. We judge the first two to be incompatible with delivering long-term sustainability, in contrast to the emergent guide-and-co-create mode – purpose-driven, interdisciplinary, participatory, and reflexive – which we contend is best placed to tackle long-term geo-environmental concerns through having a clear wellbeing-focused objective whilst co-creating the path to achieving it. We conclude with the contention that adopting a guide-and-co-create approach to science communications will require not only re-thinking of communication practice within universities but also radical institutional regime change towards universities becoming purpose-driven organizations.
A proposal for a White Paper on Geoethics in Forensic Geology
Authors: Dawson Lorna A. , Di Maggio Rosa Maria , McKinley Jennifer , Di Capua Giuseppe , Peppoloni Silvia , Pringle Jamie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines the construction of a White Paper on Geoethics in Forensic Geology. It focuses on forensic geology, although it also relates to the wider sphere of the forensic geosciences. Forensic geology is rapidly evolving to provide assistance in police investigations and in criminal and civil courts with providing scientific advice and evidence, but there also should be associated clear guidelines to benefit both the practitioner and the justice system. Examples of where forensic geology delivers to society in a vital way are required and also where potential malpractice could happen. The paper discusses where forensic geology should pursue social justice in compliance with current legal systems. In order to achieve this goal, it outlines the main areas that we suggest should be developed within the discipline: the competence of the scientist in forensic geology; the creation of best practice guidelines; the establishing of clear duties of the expert in forensic geology; and consideration of ethical aspects in forensic geological activities and ethical aspects in communicating geoscience evidence. When developing geoethics within forensic geology, the following practices were identified as of prime importance: improved standardization of methods; the use of appropriate methods and/or combination of complementary methods; greater clarity of approach used for the location of areas of interest; collection and recovery of evidence; scene examination and sample collection evaluation of data; construction and appropriate use of databases, background information, documentation, cartography and communication of forensic data; and summary of evidence and acknowledgement and consideration of uncertainty and bias. Honesty, integrity, respect, transparency, competence and reliability are vital for the forensic geoscientist to adhere to. Raising the ethical profile of the forensic geoscience profession aims to pave the way for forensic geoscientists to be empowered now and into the future to serve society: acting responsibly and adopting effective ethical codes is vitally important for a safe society. This paper highlights the necessity to hold urgent discussions on the ethical and social implications of forensic geology and their potential repercussions on societal justice. Forensic geology is a very useful tool, but like any other tool in human hands, it presupposes responsibility in its application. Professionalism and honesty in forensic geology are fundamental to assure the public that geoscientists involved have the highest scientific respectability, social credibility and community respect for their role to help pursue judicial truth. The aim of this draft White Paper is to stimulate an open and informed debate on geoethics.
Non-pollen palynomorphs in deep time: unravelling the evolution of early eukaryotes
Authors: Agić Heda , Cohen Phoebe A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Most of the Precambrian (>538 Ma) fossil record, which includes the time before the onset of macroscopic multicellular life, consists of minute organically preserved remains of soft-bodied micro-organisms, i.e. non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP). These microfossils include single-celled prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms, filamentous sheets and bacterial cellular aggregates, and occur in marine and lacustrine sediments through most of the Earth's history. Ancient NPP have informed our understanding of one of the biggest evolutionary steps in the history of life: the origin of the eukaryotic cell and the subsequent diversification of eukaryotic life before the evolution of macroscopic forms. The oldest widely accepted eukaryotic microfossils are large cells with opening structures and ornamentation from upper Paleoproterozoic units in China and India. NPP diversify through Meso- and Neoproterozoic Eras, notably recording the oldest multicellular life around 1 billion years ago. In the latest Neoproterozoic, during the advent of animal life, the NPP record allows us to study the cryptic evolution of animals while they were exclusively small and poorly or non-mineralized before the appearance of organisms with hard parts. We review the current understanding of the early eukaryotic evolution and major advances in Precambrian palaeontology through the lens of the NPP record in deep time.
Um eixo de Bernardo Santareno à margem crítica: "Confissão" (1945) e memórias da encenação cubana d´´ "A traição do padre Martinho" (1969)
Authors: Moura Susana 
Published: January 2021

Tem-se vindo a assumir que a obra dramática de Bernardo Santareno teve início com A promessa (1957). Porém, há um conjunto de obras anteriores que não tem vindo a ser considerado pela crítica e pelo meio académico. A Confissão (1945) é um desses casos que agora remeto para debate. A Traição do padre Martinho (1969), devido às vicissitudes da censura que se vivia em Portugal, foi encenada por Rogério Paulo em Cuba. Estávamos em 1970 e este encenador português apresenta esta peça com a companhia cubana Rita Montaner. Abaixo, apresento uma perspetiva deste caso através de três testemunhos na primeira pessoa: dois atores e um dramaturgo cubano que participaram nesse espetáculo. Todos eles foram por mim entrevistados na cidade de Havana, no ano de 2018.
An analysis of the development of Chinese STM journals in the past 30
years
Authors: Xiaomin Liu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
China publishes 5,052 academic journals in science, technology, and medicine. It ranks third in terms of the number of publications, behind the United States and the United Kingdom. In recent years, English-language journals have increased annually in China, but there are only just over 300 English journals published, accounting for about 6.5% of all published journals, whereas Chinese journals account for about 93.5%. Using 30 years’ data from the Chinese science citation database (CSCD), I compiled statistics on the average number of papers, the average number of references, the language of references, the distribution of author age, etc. I also analyzed the role of Chinese STM journals in terms of their academic significance. It is observed that the average number of journal papers and references per paper has been on the rise in the past 30 years. English literature accounts for a large proportion of the references, and the authors are young. The conclusion is that Chinese journals are important for young scholars to publish their papers, and Chinese scholars widely use international research results for reference in their research.