bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic inflammation in COVID‐19 patients may induce various types of venous and arterial thrombosis: A systematic review
Authors: Tomerak Sara , Khan Safah , Almasri Muna , Hussein Rawan , Abdelati Ali , Aly Ahmed , Salameh Mohammad A. , Saed Aldien Arwa , Naveed Hiba , Elshazly Mohamed B. , Zakaria Dalia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a global pandemic with a daily increasing number of affected individuals. Thrombosis is a severe complication of COVID‐19 that leads to a worse clinical course with higher rates of mortality. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that hyperinflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression. This review compiles clinical data of COVID‐19 patients who developed thrombotic complications to investigate the possible role of hyperinflammation in inducing hypercoagulation. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated thrombotic manifestations and reported inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers in COVID‐19 patients. Only 54 studies met our inclusion criteria, the majority of which demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers. In the cohort studies with control, D‐dimer was significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients with thrombosis as compared to the control. Pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and strokes were frequently reported which could be attributed to the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID‐19 and/or to the direct viral activation of platelets and endothelial cells, two mechanisms that are discussed in this review. It is recommended that all admitted COVID‐19 patients should be assessed for hypercoagulation. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that anticoagulation may be beneficial, especially in hospitalized non‐ICU patients. Although vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 have been approved and distributed in several countries, research should continue in the field of prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 and its severe complications including thrombosis due to the emergence of new variants against which the efficacy of the vaccines is not yet clear.
Multimodal travel‐time maps with formally correct and schematic isochrones
Authors: Forsch Axel , Dehbi Youness , Niedermann Benjamin , Oehrlein Johannes , Rottmann Peter , Haunert Jan‐Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe automatic generation of travel‐time maps is a prerequisite for many fields of application such as tourist assistance and spatial decision support systems, for example to analyze the accessibility of health and social facilities. The task is to determine outlines of zones that are reachable from a user’s location in a given amount of time. In this work we focus on travel‐time maps with a formally guaranteed SEPARATION PROPERTY in the sense that a zone exactly contains the part of the road network that is reachable within a pre‐defined time from a given starting point and start time. In contrast to other automated methods that create travel‐time maps, our approach generates schematized travel‐time maps that reduce the visual complexity by representing each zone by an octilinear polygon, that is, the edges of the polygons use only eight pre‐defined orientations. We aim for octilinear polygons with a small number of bends to further optimize the legibility of the map. The reachable parts of the road network are determined by the integration of timetable information for different modes of public transportation, for example buses, trains or ferries, and pedestrian walkways based on a multimodal time‐expanded network. Moreover, the travel‐time maps generated visualize multiple travel times using a map overlay of different time zones and taking natural barriers such as rivers into account. In experiments on real‐world data we compare our schematic visualizations to travel‐time maps created with other visualization techniques with respect to simple but robust quality measures such as the number of bends and the perimeter of the zones.
Autophagy during drought: function, regulation, and potential application
Authors: Tang Jie , Bassham Diane C. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYDrought is a major challenge for agricultural production since it causes substantial yield reduction and economic loss. Autophagy is a subcellular degradation and recycling pathway that functions in plant development and responses to many stresses, including drought. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the function of autophagy and how autophagy is upregulated during drought stress. Autophagy helps plants to survive drought stress, and the mechanistic basis for this is beginning to be elucidated. Autophagy can selectively degrade aquaporins to adjust water permeability, and also degrades excess heme and damaged proteins to reduce their toxicity. In addition, autophagy can degrade regulators or components of hormone signaling pathways to promote stress responses. During drought recovery, autophagy degrades drought‐induced proteins to reset the cell status. Autophagy is activated by multiple mechanisms during drought stress. Several transcription factors are induced by drought to upregulate autophagy‐related gene expression, and autophagy is also regulated post‐translationally through protein modification and stability. Based on these observations, manipulation of autophagy activity may be a promising approach for conferring drought tolerance in plants.
Immunoadsorption with staphylococcal protein A column in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Feng Li , Zhou Hongyan , Shen Cunzhou , Sun Xunsha , Wang Haiyan , Lai Rong , Huang Xin , Feng Huiyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly treatment has a positive effect on autoimmune encephalitis. However, different treatments have individual differences and corresponding contraindications in the clinical. Few reports have described the application of immunoadsorption with Staphylococcal Protein A Column (SPA‐IA) in neuroimmune diseases. We aimed to observe the safety and efficiency of SPA‐IA in autoimmune encephalitis.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed three cases of autoimmune encephalitis wherein the first‐line treatment was ineffective or contraindicated. The clinical features and prognosis during and after SPA‐IA are described in detail.ResultsAll patients were definitely diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. After treated with SPA‐IA, all antibody titers, except for the serum antibody titer in Patient 2, were markedly decreased in both the cerebral spinal fluid and serum. The mean fibrinogen levels before and after SPA‐IA were stable, and there were no clinical bleeding events. The modified Rankin Scale scores and their symptoms improved significantly after the last SPA‐IA session or 3 months later.ConclusionsSPA‐IA may be a viable, efficacious, and safe treatment alternative for autoimmune encephalitis with contraindications to traditional treatment or poor response.
Thermal Monitoring and Modeling of Ti–6Al–4V Thin Wall Temperature Distribution During Blown Powder Laser Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Paudel Basil J. , Marshall Garrett J. , Thompson Scott M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effects of Ti–6Al–4V part size on its temperature distribution during the blown-powder directed energy deposition (DED) process were investigated through dual-thermographic monitoring and a unique modeling technique. Results demonstrate that the duration of dwell times presented to be a significant contributing factor affecting the rate at which a steady-state temperature field is achieved. Longer thin walls took significantly more layers/time to achieve a uniform temperature profile. Maximum and average melt pool temperatures appear to be near independent of part size at steady-state. Finite element simulation results showed that a quasi-steady melt pool temperature may be unique to a layer, especially during earlier cladding processes near the substrate and that the layer-wise steady melt pool was achieved within the first few seconds of track scanning. A proposed fin modeling-based temperature distribution was found to predict the thermal profile in a “substrate affected zone” (SAZ) along the scan direction within 5%. A method to predict the onset of the SAZ has also been proposed. This work demonstrates that process parameters used for the DED of component volumes are not necessarily optimal for thin-walled structures due to variation in thermal capacity.
Anomalous Nonlinear Dynamics Behavior of Fractional Viscoelastic Beams
Authors: Suzuki Jorge L. , Kharazmi Ehsan , Varghaei Pegah , Naghibolhosseini Maryam , Zayernouri Mohsen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fractional models and their parameters are sensitive to intrinsic microstructural changes in anomalous materials. We investigate how such physics-informed models propagate the evolving anomalous rheology to the nonlinear dynamics of mechanical systems. In particular, we study the vibration of a fractional, geometrically nonlinear viscoelastic cantilever beam, under base excitation and free vibration, where the viscoelasticity is described by a distributed-order fractional model. We employ Hamilton's principle to obtain the equation of motion with the choice of specific material distribution functions that recover a fractional Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model of order α. Through spectral decomposition in space, the resulting time-fractional partial differential equation reduces to a nonlinear time-fractional ordinary differential equation, where the linear counterpart is numerically integrated through a direct L1-difference scheme. We further develop a semi-analytical scheme to solve the nonlinear system through a method of multiple scales, yielding a cubic algebraic equation in terms of the frequency. Our numerical results suggest a set of α-dependent anomalous dynamic qualities, such as far-from-equilibrium power-law decay rates, amplitude super-sensitivity at free vibration, and bifurcation in steady-state amplitude at primary resonance.
Assessment of Design Collapse Equations for OCTG Pipes Under Combined Loads
Authors: Silva Eduardo F. P. , Netto Theodoro A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the design collapse equations presented in Chap. 8 and Annex F of the current standard ISO TR 10400 for casings under external pressure and axial tension. A nonlinear numerical model has been developed to analyze the performance of these equations to predict casing collapse under combined loads. Experimental tests have been performed with different diameters, d/h ratio, and steel grade to calibrate the numerical model. The design collapse equations shown in the ISO TR 10400 are replicated from the API 5C3. Due to the various limitations identified since the first publication of the American Petroleum Institute (API) equations, the API Work Group has assessed different models to be used as design collapse equations and Klever–Tamano (KT) model has shown to be reliable and more accurate. However, the API Work Group included the KT model in the API 5C3 as informative. For this reason, KT model is presented in the Annex F of ISO TR 10400. The work done in this paper has confirmed the better performance of KT model for most of the cases analyzed. For combined loading, the API collapse equation results in a simple strength derating method, while the KT model has achieved similar behavior for low values of axial tension when comparing the experimental results. The axial tension for the casings into the well is likely to be lower than 40% of yield strength. Therefore, the KT model has shown to be more convenient to well design than API equations.
Oscillating Frequencies Generated by Combustion Oscillation in a Combustor Tube Fueled by Natural Gas and a Hydrogen Mixture
Authors: Uemichi Akane , Mitani Kan , Yamasaki Yudai , Kaneko Shigehiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
From previous combustion oscillation experiments using a simulated gas turbine combustor, oscillation frequencies around 350 Hz were measured in only natural gas-fired, and around 200 and 400 Hz were measured in the case of hydrogen-containing fuel. In this study, the axial gas column vibration mode was assumed, and the method to reproduce the change of oscillating frequency due to the difference of fuel was investigated. In the previous study, the temperature distribution in the combustor was divided into only two regions, and there were problems in terms of parameter estimation for modeling the flame dynamics. Therefore, the transfer matric method that incorporates a linear temperature gradient was employed. Also, the temperature distributions obtained from computational fluid dynamics, and experiments were reduced to one dimension to reproduce the difference in combustion characteristics due to the difference in fuel composition; four methods were proposed, the axial representative temperatures. The Nyquist plot method was used to calculate up to 10 combinations of resonant frequency and growth rate simultaneously. Furthermore, the oscillation frequency was determined in which the resonance frequency with the growth rate was maximum. As a result, the value of the oscillating frequency obtained differed depending on creating the representative temperature distribution.
Broadening Horizons: A Case Study of an International Partnership to Promote Sport, Positive Youth Development, and Literacy
Authors: Fredrick Ray N. , Marttinen Risto , Johnston Kelly , Fernandez Juana 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: In the United States, after-school programs have been found to improve healthy behaviors and increase time in safe, structured environments for youth, but less is known about Latin American contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of an educational program in an underserved school in Latin America. Method: A qualitative case study was used for this study. A Peace Corps volunteer was the main participant in the study. Data collection included interviews, field notes, artifacts, and reflective notes. Data were coded using constant comparative methods. Results: Three themes emerged that represent program implementation in a Latin American country: (a) learning to teach in a new country with new rules, (b) expectations and going with the flow, and (c) extending the positive youth development model to international outreach programs in rural communities. Conclusion: Relational developmental systems metatheoretical approach to positive youth development through sport model is effective in Latin American settings.
Eroding Cascadia—Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California
Authors: O’Connor Jim E. , Mangano Joseph F. , Wise Daniel R. , Roering Joshua R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRiverine measurements of sediment and solute transport give empirical basin-scale estimates of bed-load, suspended-sediment, and silicate-solute fluxes for 100,000 km2 of northwestern California and western Oregon. This spatially explicit sediment budget shows the multifaceted control of geology and physiography on the rates and processes of fluvial denudation. Bed-load transport is greatest for steep basins, particularly in areas underlain by the accreted Klamath terrane. Bed-load flux commonly decreases downstream as clasts convert to suspended load by breakage and attrition, particularly for softer rock types. Suspended load correlates strongly with lithology, basin slope, precipitation, and wildfire disturbance. It is highest in steep regions of soft rocks, and our estimates suggest that much of the suspended load is derived from bed-load comminution. Dissolution, measured by basin-scale silicate-solute yield, constitutes a third of regional landscape denudation. Solute yield correlates with precipitation and is proportionally greatest in low-gradient and wet basins and for high parts of the Cascade Range, where undissected Quaternary volcanic rocks soak in 2–3 m of annual precipitation. Combined, these estimates provide basin-scale erosion rates ranging from ∼50 t · km−2 · yr−1 (approximately equivalent to 0.02 mm · yr−1) for low-gradient basins such as the Willamette River to ~500 t · km−2 · yr−1 (∼0.2 mm · yr−1) for steep coastal drainages. The denudation rates determined here from modern measurements are less than those estimated by longer-term geologic assessments, suggesting episodic disturbances such as fire, flood, seismic shaking, and climate change significantly add to long-term landscape denudation.
Mosquito Distribution in Northwestern Russia: Species of the Genera Anopheles Meigen, Coquillettidia Dyar, Culex L., and Culiseta Felt (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: Khalin A. V. , Aibulatov S. V. , Filonenko I. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Records of 16 species of the mosquito genera Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, and Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) in Northwestern Russia are mapped. The values of the sum of active temperatures above 0°C were shown to correlate with the position of the northern range boundaries of mosquito species, according to which 16 species were included in 4 distribution groups.
New physics at the FCC-ee: indirect discovery potential
Authors: de Blas Jorge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe review the projected sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model via indirect searches at the Future$$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

Circular Collider (FCC-ee). The indirect sensitivity to new physics is discussed both from a model-independent perspective, using the formalism of Effective Field Theories, but also from the point of view of more specific classes of well-motivated models.
CPMAN: Change Point Detection Approach in Time Series Based on the Prediction of Multi-stage Attention Networks
Authors: Du Haizhou , Duan Ziyi , Zheng Yang 
Published: September 2021

Time series change point detection can identify the locations of abrupt points in many dynamic processes. It can help us to find anomaly data in an early stage. At the same time, detecting change points for long, periodic, and multiple input series data has received a lot of attention recently, and is universally applicable in many fields including power, environment, finance, and medicine. However, the performance of classical methods typically scales poorly for such time series. In this paper, we propose CPMAN, a novel prediction-based change point detection approach via multi-stage attention networks. Our model consists of two key modules. First, in the time series prediction module, we employ the multi-stage attention-based networks and integrate the multi-series fusion mechanism. This module can adaptively extract features from the relevant input series and capture the long-term temporal dependencies. Secondly, in the change point detection module, we use the wavelet analysis-based algorithm to detect change points efficiently and identify the change points and outliers. Extensive experiments are conducted on various real-world datasets and synthetic datasets, proving the superiority and effectiveness of CPMAN. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by up to 12.1% on the F1 Score.
Novel Mouse Models of Bladder Cancer Identify a Prognostic Signature Associated with Risk of Disease Progression
Authors: Park Soonbum , Rong Lijie , Owczarek Tomasz B. , Bernardo Matteo Di , Shoulson Rivka L. , Chua Chee-Wai , Kim Jaime Y. , Lankarani Amir , Chakrapani Prithi , Syed Talal , McKiernan James M. , Solit David B. , Shen Michael M. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat A. , Abate-Shen Cory 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

To study the progression of bladder cancer from non–muscle-invasive to muscle-invasive disease, we have developed a novel toolkit that uses complementary approaches to achieve gene recombination in specific cell populations in the bladder urothelium in vivo, thereby allowing us to generate a new series of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of bladder cancer. One method is based on the delivery of adenoviruses that express Cre recombinase in selected cell types in the urothelium, and a second uses transgenic drivers in which activation of inducible Cre alleles can be limited to the bladder urothelium by intravesicular delivery of tamoxifen. Using both approaches, targeted deletion of the Pten and p53 tumor suppressor genes specifically in basal urothelial cells gave rise to muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Furthermore, preinvasive lesions arising in basal cells displayed upregulation of molecular pathways related to bladder tumorigenesis, including proinflammatory pathways. Cross-species analyses comparing a mouse gene signature of early bladder cancer with a human signature of bladder cancer progression identified a conserved 28-gene signature of early bladder cancer that is associated with poor prognosis for human bladder cancer and that outperforms comparable gene signatures. These findings demonstrate the relevance of these GEMMs for studying the biology of human bladder cancer and introduce a prognostic gene signature that may help to stratify patients at risk for progression to potentially lethal muscle-invasive disease.

Significance:
Analyses of bladder cancer progression in a new series of genetically engineered mouse models has identified a gene signature of poor prognosis in human bladder cancer.
Impaired CD4 T-cell Response to SARS-CoV-2: Rationale for PD-1 Blockade in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19?
Authors: Salomé Bérengère , Horowitz Amir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Cancer is a strong risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Bilich and colleagues demonstrate impaired preexisting and newly generated CD4 T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.
See related article by Bilich et al., p. 1982.