bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Sheet Metal Part Design and Manufacturing Assessment
Authors: Yu Tung-Ting , Chen Yuh-Min , Miller R. Allen , Kinzel Gary L. , Altan Taylan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the framework for a sheet metal part design and manufacturing assessment environment is presented. Based on an investigation of the characteristics of sheet metal part design, form feature methodology is employed to facilitate design and provide information for assessment. The tasks, rules, and the significant items for manufacturing assessment are identified and formalized into a knowledge base with object-oriented techniques. The knowledge base is used for design assessment including evaluation for compatibility with press-working processes, modification of preliminary designs into better ones given cost considerations, and evaluation to avoid defects and failures. To support on-line design evaluations, a part model is constructed by extracting the required feature and connectivity data from a CAD database. The research is concentrated on box-type sheet metal parts primarily made by cutting (e.g., shearing, blanking, punching, etc.), bending, flanging, and local stretching. These parts are produced by both stampers and fabricators.
Computer Based Expert System for Rotating Machinery: Preventive and Predictive Maintenance
Authors: El-Mitwally El-Adawi S. , Rayan M. A. , Mostafa N. H. , Enab Yehia M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At the present time, the maintenance of the equipment becomes an essential task for any production system. This task is becoming more important from both the quantity and the quality points of view, particularly in developing countries. Initiating a maintenance system controlled by the computer will be valuable and effective.
The developed expert system is a combination of an intelligent inference engine matched with a database of information. This system will enable the operator to spot instantaneously the parameters of interest. The expert maintenance system will be designed to perform preventive maintenance tasks and detects faults/failure during the operating cycle. Predictive maintenance enables the operator to minimize the shut down time of faulty equipment and hence increases the productivity. Furthermore, the system will minimize the probable human faults and reduce production costs.
OPGEN: A System to Identify and Evaluate Potential Applications of Knowledge Based Systems
Authors: Rohatgi Samir , Oliver James H. , Chen Stuart S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the development of OPGEN (Opportunity Generator), a computer based system to help identify areas where a knowledge based system (KBS) might be beneficial, and to evaluate whether a suitable system could be developed in that area. The core of the system is a knowledge base used to carry out the identification and evaluation functions. Ancillary functions serve to introduce and demonstrate KBS technology to enhance the overall effectiveness of the system. All aspects of the development, from knowledge acquisition through to testing are presented in this paper.
Prolog for Finite-Element Model Definition
Authors: Strooper P. A. , Stylianou M. , Tabarrok B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) program vendors go to great lengths to provide their customers with powerful input languages for model definition. The result is a multitude of incompatible input languages. An expert user of one FEA program is merely a novice user of another, primarily because of the different ways vendors implement their input languages. We propose and evaluate the logic programming language Prolog as a language for FEA model definition.
Computer Aided Design of Bucket Type Elevators and Belt Conveyors
Authors: Kilkis Birol , Sager S. Selçuk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most effective transportation systems especially for bulk materials is continuous conveyors. They enable to transport materials quickly, economically and with rather simple means of handling. On the other hand for transportation needs involving steep grades and elevations, bucket type elevators are suitable especially for granular materials. In this study a computer program has been developed in order to provide a computer aided design tool for both bucket type elevators and belt conveyors. Operation of the program is interactive. Thus, some critical decisions during the design can be made by the designer, himself. The program has been written in BASIC programming language for Macintosh Plus personal computers. It can be also used in Macintosh II computers. The computer program standardizes all design results and the design conforms the relevant TSE, DIN and ISO standards. All standard tables used in the program, are available in the database. The database can be easily edited and updated. A design report can also be obtained at the end of the design as well as the screen output of the design session.
Development of a Design Automation Software for Crane Design With F.E.M. Rules
Authors: Ünsal Zühal , Erden Abdülkadir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A design automation software is developed to use FEM Rules in any crane design procedure. The software (DES_CRANES/FEM_RULES) can be accessed from an automated crane design computer program. Working and loading conditions are transferred to FEM_RULES and computed data, related recommendations and suggested numerical values of some parameters are returned as they are specified in the FEM Rules The software is currently under development to apply in design automation of Overhead Travelling Cranes and Gantry Cranes. DES_CRANES/FEM_RULES also includes some remarks and suggestions derived from various standards for some topics in the FEM Rules.
An Automated Variable Geometry Exhaust Nozzle Design Analysis System
Authors: Wolfe C. E. , Bagepalli B. S. , Bertke J. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modern high performance aircraft engines typically have variable geometry nozzles in order to operate at optimal throat areas and throat-to-exit area ratios over a wide range of flight conditions. Designing such a nozzle requires interaction between analysis disciplines such as mechanisms analysis, structural analysis, aerodynamics and thermodynamics. Two issues of importance are reliable data flow between the disciplines and design cycle time. An Exhaust Nozzle Analysis System (ENAS) was developed for evaluating designs of convergent-divergent two-dimensional nozzles. The system incorporates aerodynamic and thermodynamic analyses to allow concurrent engineering, in one automated system mechanism. The system provides the necessary interfaces between analysis codes and between analysis tools and empirical data. While the system described in this paper addresses the design of a single nozzle, the approach is generic and can be applied to any system where a number of disciplines such as mechanism analysis, aerodynamics, structural analysis, and thermodynamics are considered concurrently.
The Development of an Automatic Three-Dimensional Mesh Generator via Modified Ray Casting
Authors: Yeker Cengiz , Zeid Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A fully automatic three-dimensional mesh generation method is developed by modifying the well-known ray casting technique. The method is capable of meshing objects modeled using the CSG representation scheme.
The input to the method consists of solid geometry information, and mesh attributes such as element size. The method starts by casting rays in 3D space to classify the empty and full parts of the solid. This information is then used to create a cell structure that closely models the solid object. The next step is to further process the cell structure to make it more succinct, so that the cells close to the boundary of the solid object can model the topology with enough fidelity. Moreover, neighborhood relations between cells in the structure are developed and implemented. These relations help produce better conforming meshes. Each cell in the cell structure is identified with respect to a set of pre-defined types of cells. After the identification process, a normalization process is developed and applied to the cell structure in order to ensure that the finite elements generated from each cell conform to each other and to other elements produced from neighboring cells. The last step is to mesh each cell in the structure with valid finite elements.
The SPEx Shell: An Approach to Automating Application and Sales Engineering Processes
Authors: Berry Franklyn , Kott Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We define the semi-custom manufacturing business as one in which the product is custom configured from pre-designed components to fit the specific requirements of each customer. Application Engineering is an engineering process of crucial importance in a semi-custom manufacturing business. This process deserves increased automation efforts. The cost and risk of such automation can be significantly reduced by using a shell software which has most of the necessary facilities already built-in. We outline how these facilities are integrated in the SPEx shell. SPEx (Shell for Product Expertise) is a reusable shell software designed to meet the needs of a wide range of product configuration and specification applications. We describe our experience with an Application Engineering automation application built using the SPEx technology.
A High-Performance Method for Comparing CAD Drawing Revisions
Authors: Kanga Darius , Sun William S. , Lee Noel L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes software developed by the authors to display differences between two revisions of CAD drawings (or 3D models). It processes large CAD files quickly and with moderate memory usage, and it produces output suitable for hard copy as well as on-screen display. The algorithm presented utilizes a sorted key technique that is analyzed to show that while correct results are not guaranteed, the probability of an error occurring is negligible.
Representing Geometric Tolerances in Solid Models
Authors: Guilford James , Turner Joshua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ANSI standard Y14.5 defines a set of geometric tolerances to be used to control part variations in manufacturing. With the increasing trend towards replacing drawings with solid models, a representation is needed for expressing these tolerances unambiguously within the context of a solid model.
This representation is complicated primarily by two factors: the drawing tolerances often contain “hidden” information which is not explicitly indicated, but which is inferred by the human reading the drawing; and some of the tolerances implicitly refer to the view of the drawing, which does not exist in a solid model.
This paper discusses several complexities embedded in the standard and proposes ways to address them. It presents a fairly complete coding for geometric tolerances which addresses these complexities. The representation is concise — using only a small number of primitives augmented by a few generally applicable concepts The paper also lists the major areas which the representation does not address.
An Assessment of Assembly Mating Conditions in the Context of a Product Model
Authors: Baxter James E. , Juster Neal P. , de Pennington Alan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent research at the University of Leeds has concentrated on the role of product models in a design and manufacturing environment. This paper describes initial progress in a project developing a data model that can support applications requiring assembly information throughout a product’s life-cycle. Research by other groups worldwide have used sets of mating conditions to describe the physical connectivity between components in an assembly. However these mating conditions are usually application specific. Experiments have been conducted at Leeds to determine whether these previously reported approaches can form the basis for a set of mating conditions which can be represented in a Product Model from which many applications can draw. The experiments were performed by modelling the relationships between components of a shaft mounted speed reducer by 1) using a set of mating conditions and 2) describing the constraints on the degrees of freedom between pairs of components. The perceived shortcomings of these approaches are discussed.
Three-Dimensional Flow and Transport in a Jet-Driven Rectangular Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Reactor
Authors: LaFleur R. S. , Islam A. K. M. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The carrier gas flow field of a batch-reactant chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor was modeled using the method of images and an analog flow and transport visualization experiment. The current reactor is a rectangular inconel box with argon carrier flow introduced through two corner jets. The reactor was designed such that the argon flow drives active vapor from a bed of batch reactants up to a single flat substrate. Reynolds number and Peclet number similarity were used to determine vapor non-uniformity in the reactor and over the substrate. Method of images computations showed dominant patterns of transport which lead to non-uniform coating potential. Still photographs of transport patterns provided verification of the computational model. The paper provides diagnostic information to develop hardware design improvements.
A Window Based Graphical User Interface for a Supersonic Combustion Fortran Code
Authors: Yip T. Gary , Patel Ajay R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fortran has been used widely in number crunching applications. In recent years, as the size of application programs increases significantly, users begin to demand interactive capability so that they can interface with the applications in real time in a more flexible and convenient manner. In spite of the wide acceptance by engineers in various fields in the seventies and eighties, Fortran currently does not offer these features. INPUT/OUTPUT are structured rigidly by the order of the READ and WRITE statements in the application programs. The situation would get even worse when the program requires a large number of inputs from the user. A user can use a large input file in which the data must be in a fixed format and no comment statements are allowed. An alternative is to write a real time input interface with requests for inputs displayed on the screen. This leads to a long list of questions and answers scrolling up the screen. When a mistake is made in answering any one of the questions, the input sequence has to be restarted at the beginning of the program again.
A Successive Approximation ADC Simulation Project
Authors: Yip T. Gary , Nadworny Elizabeth B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a three week long project designed for first year graduate students in mechanical engineering taking a course in Modern Instrumentation. The project entails constructing a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter without a controller, developing a control sequence, and implementing it to produce a digital representation of an analog input voltage.
The course is made up of a series of laboratory activities that start with the fundamentals of equipment control and data acquisition, then increase in difficulty by requiring students to develop systems and control sequences on their own. The project teaches computer based data acquisition skills, the fundamental logic of a successive approximation ADC, and provides hands on experience using digital signals to control a system.
A Comparative Study of Numerical Techniques for Nonequilibrium Method of Characteristics
Authors: Yip T. Gary , Crook David M. , Buell Timothy P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three techniques which employ different approaches for obtaining a method of characteristics solution for chemical non-equilibrium flows are reviewed and compared. Two features of the solution process are evaluated to determine their effect on the accuracy of the solution. The first aspect to be considered is the integration of the stiff conservation equations in a unit process. A new fifth-order accurate, multi-step integration routine is contrasted with a first-order accurate, single-step forward differencing scheme. The second comparison is designed to determine if a solution of the flowfield along continuous streamlines is superior to one along discontinuous segments of the streamlines. Tests are performed, using a chemical model describing the supersonic combustion of H2-air. Calculations of single unit processes are used to validate the techniques and to determine suitable grid sizes. Solutions for constant area duct flow show that the techniques which use the multi-step integration routine are more accurate. Results from the constant area duct test, for an initial pressure of 3.685 atm, show that a method of characteristics technique which utilizes continuous streamlines is able to converge at a grid size two orders of magnitude larger than that needed by a technique which uses discontinuous segments of streamlines.
Heater Configuration Design of a Pultrusion Die Using Design Optimization Techniques
Authors: Awa T. W. , West R. L. , Price H. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of the pultrusion process is to produce a composite material having the desired properties with minimal variation. This requires reliability, uniformity and consistency in production. Key to achieving these requirements is the design of the die and an automated control system. A consistent quality control system can result in greater confidence in the predicted composite properties of the products. The objective of this study is to design the heating configuration for an existing pultrusion die. The design optimization technique is used to synthesize the heating configuration of a laboratory scale die to produce the required production temperature profile for a pultrusion process. The heating configuration includes three variables, which are the number of heaters, power input and location of the heaters. The scope of the design optimization method is to choose the number of heaters, the input power and heater location to minimize the error between the calculated and desired production temperature profile.
Analysis of Pressure Suppression Pool Swell Using Microcomputers
Authors: Saha P. , Rakshit B. K. , Mukhopadhyay P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present paper discusses the development of a computer software or code for a best-estimate analysis of Pressure Suppression Pool Hydrodynamics in a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) system during a Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) at the primary heat transport system. The software has been developed on Microcomputers, namely, PC-XT or AT (286) under MS-DOS operating system.
A Nonorthogonal Grid System and its Application to Fluid and Heat Transfer Problems
Authors: Halal Afif S. , Lilley David G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study focuses on the fundamental nonorthogonal grid coverage of an axisymmetric flow domain with irregular boundaries, and involves incorporating swirl and turbulence effects into a stream function-vorticity simulation. Turbulence is simulated by way of a two-equation k-e turbulence model, together with wall functions for the treatment of near-wall flows. The finite difference equations are derived at points of a general boundary-fitted nonorthogonal grid using displaced, linear, and quadratic interpolation. The solution procedure is implemented in a new computer code which features generalized boundaries, rectangular and/or nonrectangular grids, swirl, turbulence, time-dependent calculations, and adaptive stability. Model evaluation is accomplished through a comparative study between predictions and available experimental data.
Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Combustion and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Lu Jiang , Gupta Ashwani K. , Keating Eugene L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data are compared with experimental results and show excellent agreement for peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle. The results obtained for NO and CO are also found to be in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.
Modal Orthogonality Applied to Design of Spatially Shaped Distributed Sensors
Authors: Tzou H. S. , Natori M. , Zhong J. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Observation spillover resulting from sensing signals often introduces structural instability of undamped structural systems. One method to prevent the spillover problem is to use spatially distributed modal sensors in which the effects of residual modes are filtered out. In this study, a modal filtering theory for a generic shell continuum, based on modal orthogonal functions, is derived. The sensor signals are contributed from membrane strains and bending strains of the piezoelectric distributed sensor on the shell continua. This theory is applied to a design of cosine shaped convolving sensors for a circular ring structure. Performance of the distributed convolving sensors is studied. Bending and membrane (circumferential) sensitivities of the convolving ring sensors are defined.
Triangulated Surface Construction From Scattered 3-D Points
Authors: Vajapeyam Sridhar , Keefe Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional analog to the Gabriel Graph structure is defined and an algorithmic procedure for the construction of a triangulated surface from scattered data points in three dimensions is developed based on the concept on three-dimensional Gabriel Graphs. The algorithm does not require the points to be in the form of a grid or on contours. The closest point 3-D Delaunay triangulation of the points is first constructed and the Delaunay triangles that satisfy the Gabriel Graph criterion are identified. From this set of triangles, extraneous triangles are removed, resulting in a triangulated open surface passing through all the given data points. This surface can then be subjected to smoothing algorithms if necessary and a smooth surface of the desired continuity can be constructed using available interpolation techniques. The algorithm can be used for constructing surfaces from scattered data in mechanical design, geographic terrain modeling and modeling biological surfaces from CT scans and MRI scans.