bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a novel RORγ antagonist with skin-restricted exposure for topical treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis
Authors: Liu Suxing , Liu Dong , Shen Ru , Li Di , Hu Qiyue , Yan Yinfa , Sun Jiakang , Zhang Fengqi , Wan Hong , Dong Ping , Feng Jun , Zhang Rumin , Li Jing , Zhang Lianshan , Tao Weikang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClinical success of IL-17/IL-23 pathway biologics for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis suggests that targeting RORγt, a master regulator for the proliferation and function of Th17 cells, could be an effective alternative. However, oral RORγ antagonists (VTP43742, TAK828) with high systemic exposure showed toxicity in phase I/II clinical trials and terminated development. To alleviate the potential safety concerns, identifying compounds with skin-restricted exposure amenable for topical use is of great interest. Systematic structure activity relationship study and multi-parameter optimization led to the discovery of a novel RORγ antagonist (SHR168442) with desired properties for a topical drug. It suppressed the transcription of IL-17 gene, leading to reduction of IL-17 cytokine secretion. It showed high exposure in skin, but low in plasma. Topical application of SHR168442 in Vaseline exhibited excellent efficacy in the imiquimod-induced and IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation mouse models and correlated with the reduction of Th17 pathway cytokines, IL-6, TNFα and IL-17A. This work demonstrated restricted skin exposure of RORγ antagonist may provide a new topical treatment option as targeted therapeutics for mild to moderate psoriasis patients and may be suitable for the treatment of any other inflammatory disorders that are accessible locally.
Anthropogenic drought dominates groundwater depletion in Iran
Authors: Ashraf Samaneh , Nazemi Ali , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing publicly-available average monthly groundwater level data in 478 sub-basins and 30 basins in Iran, we quantify country-wide groundwater depletion in Iran. Natural and anthropogenic elements affecting the dynamics of groundwater storage are taken into account and quantified during the period of 2002–2015. We estimate that the total groundwater depletion in Iran to be ~ 74 km3 during this period with highly localized and variable rates of change at basin and sub-basin scales. The impact of depletion in Iran’s groundwater reserves is already manifested by extreme overdrafts in ~ 77% of Iran’s land area, a growing soil salinity across the entire country, and increasing frequency and extent of land subsidence in Iran’s planes. While meteorological/hydrological droughts act as triggers and intensify the rate of depletion in country-wide groundwater storage, basin-scale groundwater depletions in Iran are mainly caused by extensive human water withdrawals. We warn that continuation of unsustainable groundwater management in Iran can lead to potentially irreversible impacts on land and environment, threatening country’s water, food, socio-economic security.
Providing an optimized model to detect driver genes from heterogeneous cancer samples using restriction in subspace learning
Authors: Ebadi Ali Reza , Soleimani Ali , Ghaderzadeh Abdulbaghi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtracting the drivers from genes with mutation, and segregation of driver and passenger genes are known as the most controversial issues in cancer studies. According to the heterogeneity of cancer, it is not possible to identify indicators under a group of associated drivers, in order to identify a group of patients with diseases related to these subgroups. Therefore, the precise identification of the related driver genes using artificial intelligence techniques is still considered as a challenge for researchers. In this research, a new method has been developed using the subspace learning method, unsupervised learning, and with more constraints. Accordingly, it has been attempted to extract the driver genes with more precision and accurate results. The obtained results show that the proposed method is more to predict the driver genes and subgroups of driver genes which have the highest degree of overlap due to p-value with known driver genes in valid databases. Driver genes are the benchmark of MsigDB which have more overlap compared to them as selected driver genes. In this article, in addition to including the driver genes defined in previous work, introduce newer driver genes. The minister will define newer groups of driver genes compared to other methods the p-value of the proposed method was 9.21e-7 better than previous methods for 200 genes. Due to the overlap and newer driver genes and driver gene group and subgroups. The results show that the p value of the proposed method is about 2.7 times less than the driver sub method due to overlap, indicating that the proposed method can identify driver genes in cancerous tumors with greater accuracy and reliability.
Differential proteomics of tobacco seedling roots at high and low potassium concentrations
Authors: Dai Lin-jian , Liu Yu-kun , Zhu Chong-wen , Zhong Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effects of high potassium and normal potassium treatments on protein expression in roots of flue-cured tobacco plant HKDN-5 at the seedling stage were analyzed by an unlabeled protein quantification technique. The results showed that 555 proteins were differentially expressed (245 proteins were down-regulated and 310 proteins were up-regulated) in high potassium treatment compared with normal potassium treatment. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in 96 metabolic pathways (42 metabolic pathways, 21 synthetic pathways as well as catabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, ketone body synthesis and degradation, and butyric acid metabolism. Root processing of high potassium concentrations leads to increases in the synthesis of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and acyl-coenzyme-A synthetase. Additional proteomic differences observed in tobacco roots grown in high potassium include proteins involved with genetic information processing as well as environmental sensing. Examples include RNA helicase, ABC transporters and large subunit GTPases. These up-regulated differentially expressed proteins function mainly in protein translation, ribosome structure and protein synthesis. This indicates that under high potassium treatment, root protein synthetic processes are accelerated and substance metabolism pathways are enhanced; thus, providing the material and energetic basis for root growth.
A Systematic Review of Research on Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions for Children Aged 6–10 in the Last Decade
Authors: Langarika-Rocafort Argia , Mondragon Nahia Idoiaga , Etxebarrieta Gorka Roman 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify, appraise, and critically synthesize the latest available evidence on the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)-based interventions on communication skills in children aged between 6 and 10 years with mixed diagnoses.

Method
MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO (EBSCO), ERIC (ProQuest), SCIELO (WOS), Teacher Reference Center (EBSCO), and Education Database (ProQuest) were searched. The studies were independently selected by two reviewers for the purposes of the review. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed, and characteristics and results of the studies were extracted.

Results
This review included 14 studies from a total of 1,204 found through an electronic search. The AAC interventions studied were effective at improving various outcomes in children with mixed diagnoses. Interventions that focused on narrative skills were the most common type. When considering the quality of the studies, the independence of assessors, data analysis, replication, and generalization of interventions were the weaker areas.

Conclusions
Interventions analyzed in this review improve communication skills, including phonological awareness, vocabulary, requesting, and developing narrative skills in children aged between 6 and 10 years with mixed diagnoses. The results of one study also indicate that the acquisition of skills using an AAC method is superior when the child prefers the method.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14462256
Ambulante Palliativversorgung von Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund in der Städteregion Aachen – Perspektiven von Behandelnden und Angehörigen
Authors: Nowara Virginia , Krumm Norbert , Elsner Frank 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Integration von kultureller Kompetenz gewinnt in der Palliativversorgung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit. Ziel ist eine gleichberechtigte Versorgung, die sich für die gleichwertige Behandlung aller ethnischen Gruppen und die Akzeptanz der kulturellen Bedürfnisse der Patienten ausspricht.In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Erfahrungen von Professionellen mit der ambulanten Palliativversorgung von Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund und den Erfahrungen ihrer Angehörigen mit einer solchen Versorgung in der Städteregion Aachen erfasst. In der Städteregion Aachen, einem Kommunalverband mit über 550 000 Einwohnern im Westen Deutschlands, haben 30 % der Bürger einen Migrationshintergrund. Die Ergebnisse von Fragebogen- und Interviewanteilen zeigen teilweise unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen der Professionellen und Angehörigen. In der Untersuchung stach die Diskrepanz zwischen der Eigen- und Fremdwahrnehmung der Professionellen bezüglich des kultursensiblen Umganges mit den Patienten hervor. Bei den Behandelnden zeigte sich eine von Unsicherheit geprägte Grundhaltung, während die Angehörigen sie als kompetent beurteilten. Die Erfahrungen der Angehörigen erwiesen sich als durchweg positiv und von Dankbarkeit sowie Zufriedenheit gekennzeichnet. Sie betonten die Wichtigkeit von Empathie und der grundsätzlichen Offenheit der Professionellen im Kontakt. Die absolvierten Fortbildungen der Behandelnden zu kultureller Kompetenz wurden jedoch wegen thematischer Beschränkungen auf Rituale unterschiedlicher Religionen am Lebensende als optimierungsbedürftig beschrieben. Ein Kritikpunkt war dabei die Vermittlung allgemeinen Faktenwissens und eine fehlende individualisierte Herangehensweise. Schlüsselelemente zur Optimierung der Weiterbildungen waren vermehrte Selbstreflexion und Patienten-Partnering-Programme, die eine reale, direkte Interaktion von Patienten und Professionellen im Rahmen von Trainingseinheiten beinhalten und somit die Individualität wie auch die Patientenbegegnung selbst in den Fokus rücken.
Thionation of Aminophthalimide Hindered Carbonyl Groups and Application to the Synthesis of 3,6′-Dithionated Pomalidomides
Authors: Scerba Michael T. , Siegler Maxime A. , Greig Nigel H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we present a new one-pot procedure for the 3,6′-dithionation of pomalidomide derivatives in which the key 3-position sulfur atom is preferentially installed at the desired (but sterically congested) carbonyl of the aminophthalimide system and with regiochemistry distinct from Lawesson’s Reagent thionation methods. When heated in 1,4-dioxane with P4S10–pyridine complex, pomalidomides are smoothly and reproducibly converted into their 3,6′-dithionated analogues in roughly 30% isolated yield and at various scales. While detrimental to the desired 3,6′-type outcome when employing Lawesson’s Reagent, we hypothesize that the pomalidomide aniline group instead facilitates P4S10-type thionation at the otherwise hindered 3-position carbonyl, contributing to the selectivity observed. When paired with classical methods of thionation, this approach offers an interesting and appealing addition to the synthetic toolbox, permitting facile late-stage access to complementary thionated pomalidomides in direct single-flask procedures.
Cutting performance of micro-textured PCBN tool
Authors: Fan Lin , Deng Zilong , Gao Xingjun , He Yang 
Published: April 2021

To study the effect of micro-texture on the cutting performance of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, five types of micro-textures (circular pits, elliptical grooves, transverse grooves, composite grooves, and wavy grooves) were applied to the rake surface of PCBN tools by an optical fiber laser marking machine. Through a combination of three-dimensional cutting simulations and experiments, the influences of micro-texture on chip–tool contact area, cutting force, chip morphology, shear angle, and surface roughness during the cutting process were analyzed. The results indicated that the chip–tool contact area and cutting force of both non-textured and micro-textured tools increased with increasing cutting speed, while the shear angle decreased with increasing cutting speed. The chip–tool contact area and cutting force of the five types of micro-textured tools were smaller than those of the non-textured tool. The chip–tool contact area and cutting force obtained by the wavy-groove micro-textured tool were the smallest. The chip radius produced by the five types of micro-textured tools was smaller than that produced by the non-textured tool, and the chip morphology was more stable. The transverse-groove micro-textured tool had a better chip breaking effect. The chip radius generated by the elliptical-groove micro-textured tool was 0.96 cm, while that generated by the wavy-groove tool varied from 0.55 cm to 1.26 cm. The presence of a micro-texture reduced the surface roughness of the workpiece by 11.73%–56.7%. Under the same cutting conditions, the five types of micro-textured tools gave a smaller chip–tool contact area, cutting force, chip radius, and surface roughness and a larger shear angle than the non-textured tool. In addition, the elliptical-groove and wavy-groove micro-textured tools had better cutting performance.
Oracella acuta (loblolly pine mealybug).
Authors: Lambdin Paris 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This species has had limited distribution from its native habitats in the southern region of the USA since its discovery and description (Lobdell, 1930). O. acuta appears to be restricted to feeding on species of pines and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, is its preferred food source. In its native habitat, populations seldom reach pest status due to the presence of natural enemies. In 1988, it was transported to a pine seed orchard in China on slash pine, Pinus elliottii, scions purchased in the USA. Sun et al. (1996) noted that O. acuta-infested slash pine scions leaving the USA and entering China in 1988 were not subjected to the quarantine restrictions of either country. The loblolly pine mealybug quickly became established and rapidly spread throughout pine plantations in the Guangdong Province, China where it threatens both native and introduced species of pines in the region.
Depth encoded input polarisation independent swept source cross-polarised optical coherence tomography probe
Authors: Blessing Katharina , Schirmer Judith , Parmar Asha , Singh Kanwarpal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Within the last decades, several studies have been published that prove the benefit of polarisation sensitive optical coherence (psOCT) tomography for the field of biomedical diagnostics. However, polarisation sensitive imaging typically requires careful control of the polarisation state of the input illumination, which leads to bulky and delicate systems. While psOCT provides quantitative information, it is mostly sufficient to analyse the images qualitatively in the field of biomedical diagnostics. Therefore, a reduced form of this technique, cross-polarised optical coherence tomography (cpOCT), moves into the focus of interest that serves to visualise the birefringence properties of a sample. Despite the low requirements for the illumination’s polarisation, most of the proposed systems still include complex illumination control mechanisms. Here, we propose a common path probe based endoscopic system with an lateral resolution of 30 µm and a sensitivity of 103 dB comprising a commercially available swept-source OCT system and a free-space module which does not require any polarisation controlling elements. A Faraday mirror substitutes the complex polarisation control apparatus. We demonstrate the independence of the approach from the polarisation state of the light source by monitoring the illumination power in the orthogonal channels while varying the source polarisation. Furthermore, we validate the ability of the system to reveal the birefringence properties of different samples, starting from a quarter-wave plate, since its properties are fully characterised. Additionally, we present imaging results from several tissues to demonstrate its feasibility for the field of biomedical diagnostics.
Controlled lateral epitaxial growth in vertical β-Ga2O3 nanowires on sapphire by MOCVD
Authors: Ma Yongjian , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Junshuai , Cao Xu , He Tao , Zhang Li , Tang Wenbo , Xu Kun , Fan Yaming , Cai Yong , Fu Houqiang , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lateral epitaxial growth in vertical β-Ga2O3 nanowires was studied on sapphire substrates via metal organic chemical vapor deposition by controlling growth temperature and O2 flow rate. The lateral epitaxial growth rate of β-Ga2O3 rise up with increasing growth temperature and decreasing O2 flow rate, which are related to reaction kinetics and parasitic reaction, respectively. In addition, a growth model is proposed to explain the morphology of nanowires when growth condition changes. These results can provide important guidance on addressing slow coalescence rate of β-Ga2O3 nuclear islands on heterogeneous substrates and open new doors to β-Ga2O3 optoelectronic and electronic devices on cost-effective foreign substrates.
Thermal interface material with graphene enhanced sintered copper for high temperature power electronics
Authors: Deng Shaojia , Zhang Xin , Xiao Guowei David , Zhang Kai , He Xiaowu , Xin Shihan , Liu Xinlu , Zhong Anhui , Chai Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sintered nano-copper is becoming a promising candidate as thermal interface material (TIM) for die attaching in high power electronics. It exhibits much higher thermal conductivity and operating temperature than conventional TIMs based on polymer and solder joints, and higher electromigration resistance and lower cost than sintered nano-silver TIM. However, the performance of existing sintered nano-copper is lower than expected because of high porosity resulted from poor sintering of copper particles with oxide shell. Here we demonstrate a method of improving the thermal conductivity of sintered copper by addition of graphene/Cu–Cu
x
O with controllable diameter of ∼163 nm. The measured thermal conductivity of the sintered composite TIM is enhanced by up to 123.5% compared with that of sintered pure copper. It can be understood as a result of the formation of graphene heat transfer network in sintered TIM. In addition, the C–O–Cu bonds formed at the interface between graphene and copper nanoparticles are critical for improving thermal performance as well as electrical and mechanical performance of the TIM. The developed TIM can be widely used in high power electronic packaging especially for high temperature applications, including IGBT, SiC and GaN power devices.
Controlling solid–liquid–solid GeSn nanowire growth modes by changing deposition sequences of a-Ge:H layer and SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Gong Ruiling , Azrak Edy , Castro Celia , Duguay Sébastien , Pareige Philippe , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere , Chen Wanghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alloying Ge with Sn is one of the promising ways for achieving Si compatible optoelectronics. Here, GeSn nanowires (NWs) are realized via nano-crystallization of a hydrogenated amorphous Ge (a-Ge:H) layer with the help of metal Sn droplets. The full process consists of three steps: (1) SnO2 nanoparticle (NP) reduction in a hydrogen plasma to produce Sn catalyst; (2) a-Ge:H deposition at 120 °C and (3) annealing. GeSn alloys with rich morphologies such as discrete nanocrystals (NCs), random, and straight NWs were successfully synthesized by changing process conditions. We show that annealing under Ar plasma favors the elaboration of straight GeSn NWs in contrast to the conventional random GeSn NWs obtained when annealing is performed under a H2 atmosphere. Interestingly, GeSn in the form of discrete NCs can be fabricated during the deposition of a-Ge:H at 180 °C. Even more, the synthesis of out-of-plane GeSn NWs has been demonstrated by reversing the deposition sequence of SnO2 NPs and a-Ge:H layer.
Radiochromic film dosimetry for protons up to 10 MeV with EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films
Authors: Sanchez-Parcerisa Daniel , Sanz-García Irene , Ibáñez Paula , España Samuel , Espinosa Andrea , Gutiérrez-Neira Carolina , López Alfonso , Vera Juan Antonio , Mazal Alejandro , Fraile Luis Mario , Udías José Manuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Passive dosimetry with radiochromic films is widely used in proton radiotherapy, both in clinical and scientific environments, thanks to its simplicity, high spatial resolution and dose-rate independence. However, film under-response for low-energy protons, the so-called linear-energy transfer (LET) quenching, must be accounted and corrected for. We perform a meta-analysis on existing film under-response data with EBT, EBT2 and EBT3 GAFchromic™ films and provide a common framework to integrate it, based on the calculation of dose-averaged LET in the active layer of the films. We also report on direct measurements with the 10 MeV proton beam at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM) for EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films, focusing on the 20–80 keV μm−1 LET range, where previous data was scarce. Measured film relative efficiency (RE) values are in agreement with previously reported data from the literature. A model on film RE constructed with combined literature and own experimental values in the 5–80 keV μm−1 LET range is presented, supporting the hypothesis of a linear decrease of RE with LET, with no remarkable differences between the three types of films analyzed.
Effect of collisions on the plasma sheath in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Deka K , Adhikari S , Moulick R , Kausik S S , Saikia B K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A low-pressure magnetized plasma is studied to find the dependency of sheath properties on ion-neutral collisions in presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. A self-consistent one-dimensional two-fluid hydrodynamic model is considered, and the system of equations is solved numerically. The study reveals that the width of the plasma sheath expands and space charge increases with collisions. The ion-neutral collisions and the inhomogeneous magnetic field restrict the ions to move towards the surface. The movement of the ions towards the wall can be controlled by choosing a suitable configuration of the magnetic field and ion-neutral collision frequency. A comparison between two different magnetic field configurations has been presented alongside to differentiate the commonly found scenarios in the field. The outcome of the study is supposed to help in understanding the complex dynamics of ions in plasma confinement and plasma processing of materials. Furthermore, the present work seeks to create a framework for two-fluid modeling of magnetized plasmas with any arbitrary magnetic field profiles. The analysis provided here is supposed to act as a basis for any future work in the respective field.