bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above‐Normal Blood Pressure
Authors: Craighead Daniel H. , Heinbockel Thomas C. , Freeberg Kaitlin A. , Rossman Matthew J. , Jackman Rachel A. , Jankowski Lindsey R. , Hamilton Makinzie N. , Ziemba Brian P. , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Brewster L. Madden , DeSouza Christopher A. , You Zhiying , Chonchol Michel , Bailey E. Fiona , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: June 2021

Background
High‐resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a novel, time‐efficient physical training modality.

Methods and Results

We performed a double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled trial to investigate whether 6 weeks of IMST (30 breaths/day, 6 days/week) improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in midlife/older adults (aged 50–79 years) with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg, while also investigating potential mechanisms and long‐lasting effects. Thirty‐six participants completed high‐resistance IMST (75% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18) or low‐resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18). IMST was safe, well tolerated, and had excellent adherence (≈95% of training sessions completed). Casual systolic blood pressure decreased from 135±2 mm Hg to 126±3 mm Hg (
P
<0.01) with IMST, which was ≈75% sustained 6 weeks after IMST (
P
<0.01), whereas IMST modestly decreased casual diastolic blood pressure (79±2 mm Hg to 77±2 mm Hg,
P
=0.03); blood pressure was unaffected by sham training (all
P
>0.05). Twenty‐four hour systolic blood pressure was lower after IMST versus sham training (
P
=0.01). Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation improved ≈45% with IMST (
P
<0.01) but was unchanged with sham training (
P
=0.73). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with subject serum sampled after versus before IMST exhibited increased NO bioavailability, greater endothelial NO synthase activation, and lower reactive oxygen species bioactivity (
P
<0.05). IMST decreased C‐reactive protein (
P
=0.05) and altered select circulating metabolites (targeted plasma metabolomics) associated with cardiovascular function. Neither IMST nor sham training influenced arterial stiffness (
P
>0.05).

Conclusions
High‐resistance IMST is a safe, highly adherable lifestyle intervention for improving blood pressure and endothelial function in midlife/older adults with above‐normal initial systolic blood pressure.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03266510.
Convergence Analysis of the Hessian Estimation Evolution
Strategy
Authors: Glasmachers Tobias , Krause Oswin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The class of algorithms called Hessian Estimation Evolution Strategies (HE-ESs) update the covariance matrix of their sampling distribution by directly estimating the curvature of the objective function. The approach is practically efficient, as attested by respectable performance on the BBOB testbed, even on rather irregular functions. In this article, we formally prove two strong guarantees for the (1 + 4)-HE-ES, a minimal elitist member of the family: stability of the covariance matrix update, and as a consequence, linear convergence on all convex quadratic problems at a rate that is independent of the problem instance.
Ancestral Symbol: Musically Organizing Unpredictable Interactions to Create the Sound of a Paleolithic Cave Sign
Authors: Zampronha Edson 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article explains how visitors’ unpredictable movements are transformed into a consistent narrative musical form by using electronic devices with no central software to control them in the interactive installation, Ancestral Symbol. The installation uses a paleolithic cave sign as the basis for the connection of sounds and images through the visitors’ movements in the installation room, thus connecting art, archaeology, and interactivity This text explains the technology and sounds and visual materials used for the piece. It also describes how the visual elements work as loudspeakers and the strategic spatial distribution of all the elements to organize the installation.
Constructing an Artworld Influencer Network by Mining Social Media
Authors: Foka Amalia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The author demonstrates a methodology for constructing a network map of the artworld. She uses tweets posted by a manually composed set of exemplar artworld actors and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to identify significant artworld actors, including those without Twitter accounts. Identified artworld actors form communities detected using the Louvain method, and their authority is evaluated with the HITS centrality method. The resulting artworld network exhibits the ability to proceed from a small original set of exemplar actors to identify new artworld actors and provides a wealth of data that would be difficult to collect otherwise.
Mathematical Inspiration for Color Choices in Oblique, Open-Work Weaving
Authors: Knoll Eva , Taylor Tara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors propose a connection between mathematical and aesthetic reasoning for the case of color selection in oblique, open-work woven artifacts. The general approach is first modeled on a set of open-work squares. Rotational symmetries of the square provide a mathematica starting point for a set of four open-work mats woven with paper strips. A mathematical eye, guided by concepts such as symmetries and equivalence relations, helps determine aesthetic choices for the set, specifically with respect to color. This color selection algorithm is then applied to a more complicated woven artifact.
Games, Music and Ludus Melothedicus
Authors: Rajchenberg Ceceña Jerónimo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From educational to entertainment devices, games have the power to alter our sense of time as much as our priorities and perception. The first recorded musical games in modern history were a series of publications that appeared in Europe during the second half of the eighteenth century. This article discusses the nature of musical games and tries to present a definition of game as it applies to musical activities. Based on this discussion, the article analyzes an anonymous work called Ludus Melothedicus, published in Paris around 1758. It also provides information on how to play the work.
A Computational Study of Empty Space Ratios in Chinese Landscape Painting, 618–2011
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Shen Jiafei , Yue Mengmeng , Ma Yena , Wu Shuyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of empty space (ES) is ubiquitous in Asian art. The authors use a computational method to quantitatively assess the amount of ES in Chinese landscape painting (CLP). The data show that 56.8% of ancient CLPs contain mostly ES, while only 9.4% from modern times do. ES reached its peak during the Yuan dynasty (1271–-1368) and its lowest point in the 1960s. Chan culture, literati ink play, the “exhibition hall effect,” and Maoist politics, as well as other social factors, may have had an impact on this shift. This empirical study indicates that art keeps abreast of current developments: The philosophy, culture, politics and general education of a specific era influence artists’ perception, aesthetics and creative output.
The Right to Enter One’s Own Country: The Conflict between the Jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee and the Travaux Préparatoires of Article 12(4) of the iccpr
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Article 12(4) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr) provides that ‘[n]o one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.’ The jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee shows that Committee members have often disagreed on the question of whether the right under Article 12(4) is reserved for citizens only or it can be claimed by non-citizens who consider the countries in which they were born or they have lived for longer periods as their own. In its earlier case law, the Committee held that Article 12(4) is applicable to nationals only. Since 1999, when General Comment No.27 was adopted, the Committee has moved towards extending the right under Article 12(4) to non-nationals. Its latest case law appears to have supported the Committee’s position that Article 12(4) is applicable to non-nationals. Central to both majority and minority decisions in which the Committee has dealt with Article 12(4), is whether the travaux préparatoires of Article 12(4) support either view. This article relies on the travaux préparatoires of Article 12(4) to argue that it does not support the view that Article 12(4) is applicable to non-nationals.
A rapid LC-MS/MS assay for the measurement of serum methotrexate in patients who have received high doses for chemotherapy
Authors: McTaggart Malcolm P , Keevil Brain G 
Published: June 2021

Background Methotrexate is used in high doses to treat a number of cancers, particularly certain haematological malignancies. Monitoring of serum methotrexate concentration is important due to the potential toxicity of methotrexate and the variation in methotrexate pharmacokinetics in different patients on the same treatment regimen. Objective To develop a rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for monitoring serum methotrexate in patients on high-dose chemotherapy. Method Isotopically labelled internal standard was added to sample prior to protein precipitation with methanol. Diluted supernatant was injected into a Waters Acquity UPLC system linked to a TQS-Micro mass spectrometer. Separation by chromatography was achieved with a Waters Phenyl Vanguard with a retention time of approximately 0.5 min. The quantifier and qualifier transitions for methotrexate were 455.2>134.1 and 455.2>175.2, respectively. Results Mean recovery was 111% for three different concentrations of methotrexate spiked into seven different patient samples, with ion suppression <1%. Between-batch and within-batch coefficient of variations were <5% at three different concentrations of methotrexate in fresh frozen plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 0.02 µmol/L and the assay was shown to be linear to approximately 25 µmol/L. The LC-MS/MS assay showed a mean bias of –8.6% compared to an immunoassay, while mean bias compared to weighed in targets in external quality assessment samples was 1.6%. Discussion A rapid LC-MS/MS assay for methotrexate has been developed and validated. The LC-MS/MS method is likely to offer superior accuracy and specificity to more widely available immunoassays.
Racial Disparities in Incidence of Legionnaires’ Disease and Social Determinants of Health: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hunter Candis M. , Salandy Simone W. , Smith Jessica C. , Edens Chris , Hubbard Brian 
Published: June 2021

Objectives Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease have been documented for the past 2 decades; however, the social determinants of health (SDH) that contribute to these disparities are not well studied. The objective of this narrative review was to characterize SDH to inform efforts to reduce disparities in the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease. Methods We conducted a narrative review of articles published from January 1979 through October 2019 that focused on disparities in the incidence of Legionnaires’ disease and pneumonia (inclusive of bacterial pneumonia and/or community-acquired pneumonia) among adults and children (excluding articles that were limited to people aged <18 years). We identified 220 articles, of which 19 met our criteria: original research, published in English, and examined Legionnaires’ disease or pneumonia, health disparities, and SDH. We organized findings using the Healthy People 2030 SDH domains: economic stability, education access and quality, social and community context, health care access and quality, and neighborhood and built environment. Results Of the 19 articles reviewed, multiple articles examined disparities in incidence of Legionnaires’ disease and pneumonia related to economic stability/income (n = 13) and comorbidities (n = 10), and fewer articles incorporated SDH variables related to education (n = 3), social support (none), health care access (n = 1), and neighborhood and built environment (n = 6) in their analyses. Conclusions Neighborhood and built-environment factors such as housing, drinking water infrastructure, and pollutant exposures represent critical partnership and research opportunities. More research that incorporates SDH and multilevel, cross-sector interventions is needed to address disparities in Legionnaires’ disease incidence.
Net Tuition, Unmet Financial Need, and Cooling Out: A National Study of Degree Aspirations Among First-Time Community College Students
Authors: Sublett Cameron , Taylor Jason 
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study examined the statistical association between net tuition and changes in degree aspirations among community college students. In addition, the study explored the moderating influence of unmet financial need. Method: Analyses relied on data from the most recent iteration of the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study. Estimates were derived from a series of robust multinomial models controlling for student, institutional, and state-level covariates. Results: Net tuition was consistently associated with decreased risks of experiencing a “cool out,” regardless of model specification. Yet, this main effect of net tuition was moderated by unmet need, such that net tuition increased cool out risks among students with greater unmet need. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that net reductions in tuition alone may not fully reduce or eliminate barriers to college access and student success. Future financial aid policies should focus on the full cost of college attendance.
Anatomical Variations Associated With Maxillary Sinus Fungal Ball
Authors: Basurrah Mohammed , Lee Il Hwan , Kim Do Hyun , Kim Sung Won , Kim Soo Whan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: We investigated the anatomical and dental factors associated with unilateral maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB). Also, we evaluated the effect of combinations of those factors on the incidence of MSFB. Methods: Three hundred patients were divided into MSFB, normal, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) groups. We reviewed paranasal computed tomography scans for the presence of deviated nasal septum, concha bullosa (CB), Haller cells, and various dental factors. Also, we measured the ethmoid infundibulum, maxillary natural ostium, and CB. Results: Maxillary sinus fungal ball showed a more significant association with CB compared to the other 2 groups (37%, P < .05). The MSFB group had a lower rate of Haller cells than the normal group (10% vs 22%, respectively; P < .05). Also, the MSFB group had a wider maxillary sinus ostium than the normal group (7.07 ± 1.8 vs 5.48 ± 1.3 mm; P < .01). Moreover, the combination of CB and Haller cells was significantly associated with a decreased rate of the fungal ball ( P = .047, odds ratio = 0.694). The dental factors were more prevalent in the MSFB and CRS groups (73% and 75%, respectively) than in the normal group (32%, P < .001). Conclusions: Maxillary sinus fungal ball is significantly associated with CB, Haller cells, an increased maxillary sinus ostium size, and dental factors.
Item Response Theory for Psychometric Properties of the SNOT‐22 (22‐Item Sinonasal Outcome Test)
Authors: Liu David T. , Phillips Katie M. , Speth Marlene M. , Besser Gerold , Mueller Christian A. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe SNOT‐22 (22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test) is a high‐quality outcome measure that assesses chronic rhinosinusitis–specific quality of life. The aim of this study was to gain greater insight into the information provided by the SNOT‐22 by determining its item‐based psychometric properties.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic centers.MethodsThis study used a previously described data set of the SNOT‐22 completed by 800 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Item response theory graded response models were used to determine parameters reflecting item discrimination, difficulty, and information provided by each item toward the SNOT‐22 subdomain to which it belonged.ResultsThe unconstrained graded response model fitted the SNOT‐22 data best. Item discrimination parameters and total information provided showed the greatest variability within the nasal subdomain, and the item related to sense of smell/taste demonstrated the lowest discrimination and provided the least amount of information overall. The dizziness item provided disparately lower total information and discrimination in the otologic/facial pain subdomain. Items in the sleep and emotional subdomains generally provided high discrimination. While items in the nasal, sleep, and otologic/facial pain subdomains spanned all levels of difficulty, emotional subdomain items covered higher levels of difficulty, indicating greater information provided at higher levels of disease severity.ConclusionThe item‐specific psychometric properties of the SNOT‐22 support it as a high‐quality instrument. Our results suggest the need and possibility for revision of the smell/taste dysfunction item, for example its wording, to improve its ability to discriminate among the different levels of disease burden.
Impact of Smoking and Primary Tumor Subsite on Recurrence in HPV‐Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Rex H. , Salesky Madeleine , Benjamin Tania , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , George Jonathan R. , Ha Patrick K. , Ryan William R. , Heaton Chase M. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe risk of recurrence and recurrence characteristics between ever‐ and never‐smoking patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) when stratified by primary tumor subsite.Study DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 171 patients with HPV+ OPSCC with primary treatment between 2008 and 2019. Five‐year recurrence‐free survival and risk of recurrence were evaluated through Kaplan‐Meier curves with log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.ResultsOf 171 patients with HPV+ OPSCC, 81.9% were male, and the average age was 63.9 years. Eighty patients (46.8%) had a smoking history (average, 17.7 pack‐years), including 4 current smokers. Recurrence occurred in 31 patients (18.1%), 19 of whom were ever smokers. The recurrence rate for ever smokers with primary base of tongue (BOT) cancer was 41.7%, while 5.1% of never smokers with BOT primaries had recurrence. For primary tonsillar disease, 9.1% of ever smokers had recurrence versus 19.2% of never smokers. Five‐year recurrence‐free survival for BOT primaries was lower in ever smokers than never smokers (P =. 001) but did not differ between ever and never smokers for tonsillar primaries (P =. 215). In multivariable analysis across this period, ever‐smoking status was associated with higher risk of recurrence than never‐smoking status in BOT primaries (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.61‐33.68; P =. 010) but with lower risk of recurrence after tonsillar primaries (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.89; P =. 033).ConclusionSmoking may uniquely interact with tumor subsites within the oropharynx to influence recurrence risk. Understanding the association between smoking and HPV+ OPSCC recurrence could lead to personalized, evidence‐based treatments to improve oncologic outcomes.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chawla Nishtha , Tom Ashlyn , Sen Mahadev Singh , Sagar Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Background and aims: The outbreak of COVID-19 led to a significant psychological impact on individuals, particularly those belonging to vulnerable groups. This study aimed to synthesize literature on the psychological impact of COVID-19 among children and adolescents. Methods: Electronic search engines were used to identify studies till March 2021 that reported symptoms of psychological origin in children and adolescents. Information was extracted using a predefined template, and qualitative analysis was conducted using STROBE. Results: One hundred and two relevant papers were identified. Most of the studies were conducted online or telephonically. The study designs were primarily single group cross-sectional, though a few prospective/retrospective designs were also identified. Studies assessing emotional distress showed variable levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the study population, with greater severity of anxiety symptoms among females and older adolescents. Reduced physical activity; delayed sleep time; increased sleep duration, screen time, internet use, and sedentary habits, poor quality of life were other notable findings, often correlating with anxiety/depression. Efforts to address bias, discussion on generalizability of their results, and sample size calculation were not reported in most studies. Conclusion: Psychological impact on children/adolescents is significant, either due to the fear of the illness or social isolation related to COVID-19. One may focus on improving sleep habits and physical activity and regulating internet use for maintaining psychological well-being.
Board Characteristics and Firm Performance: Indian Textiles Sector Panorama
Authors: Nepal Mukesh , Deb Rajat 
Published: June 2021

The study has attempted to examine whether the board size and board independence have any impact on the financial performances of the Indian textile firms. Accessing the data of the 40 sample firms representing the top 100 BSE-listed textile firms during the timeline 2015–2019 and applying the panel data regression model, it has assessed the impacts. Accounting- and market-based financial measures have been proxied, and a significant positive association between the board size and firm performance has been established. Interestingly, a significant inverse relationship between the board independence and financial performance has also been indicated. It has concurred policy implications as the inclusion of more number of board members would likely to increase the firm performance. Moreover, for improving the sound decision-making, firms may chalk out a policy with capping on the engagement of independent directors in other firms. It has acknowledged a few limitations and has sketched a roadmap for posterior studies as well. JEL Codes: G28, G30, M40