bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jail and overdose: assessing the community impact of incarceration on overdose
Authors: Victor Grant , Zettner Catherine , Huynh Philip , Ray Bradley , Sightes Emily 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsIncarceration produces a specific public health threat for drug overdose, and correctional settings do not offer medication for opioid use disorder. This study examined the overall impact of jail incarceration on overdose, the specific hazard for those booked on a syringe‐related charge and the proportion of all overdose decedents in the community who were in the jail prior to death.Design and settingA cohort study of fatal overdose outcomes among a sample of individuals booked into and released from jail between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019. Marion County, IN, USA.ParticipantsAll individuals released from one county jail between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 and decedents who died within the county from an accidental fatal overdose between January 2017 and December 2019.Measurements and findingsUsing information on all jail booking events, including charge type, during a 5‐year period (January 2015–December 2019), we looked at the hazard of accidental fatal overdose post‐release, controlling for age, sex and race. Of all overdose deaths in the county, 21% (n = 237) had been in the county jail within 2 years prior to their death. Each prior booking increased the hazard of mortality by approximately 20% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15, 1.28], while the presence of a syringe charge at most recent booking prior to release more than tripled the hazard of mortality (HR = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.55, 4.93).ConclusionsIn Marion County, IN, USA, there appears to be an association between increased risk of fatal drug overdose and both syringe‐related arrests and repeat jail bookings.
Scripting the Conviction: Power and Resistance in the Management of Criminal Stigma
Authors: Burch Melissa 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPeople with criminal records seeking employment face a dilemma: how to discuss their conviction(s) in a job interview. Convicted job seekers are encouraged to draft, revise, and rehearse their “conviction scripts” and to approach their delivery as a Goffmanian performance. Drawing from participant observation within a nonprofit employment program in Southern California, this article analyzes job seekers’ attempts to craft narratives that will satisfy employers’ curiosities and concerns, with the assistance of professional coaches. I find that rather than challenge criminalizing practices or stigma itself, job seekers are encouraged to dissociate from criminal stigma and develop narratives that reinforce dominant frameworks of personal responsibility, remorse, and rehabilitation. They also regularly veer, however, from these conventions, in search of narratives that more accurately explain and contextualize their decisions. I argue that the act of scripting convictions is thus a political process in motion, a negotiation of power, with real life consequences. While at present, conviction scripting tends to reproduce the inequalities that underlie the criminal punishment system, the article concludes by exploring how criminalized people could craft scripts that contribute to their liberation. [stigma, criminalization, race, criminal records, employment]
Higher FT4 level within the normal range predicts the outcome of cryoballoon ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients without structural heart disease
Authors: Pei Yan , Xu Shaojie , Yang Haotian , Ren Zhongyuan , Meng Weilun , Zheng Yixing , Guo Rong , Li Shuang , Zhao Dongdong , Tang Kai , Li Hailing , Xu Yawei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccumulated evidence has indicated that a high‐normal FT4 level is an independent risk factor for the clinical progression of AF. However, the association between elevated FT4 concentration within the normal range and AF recurrence after cryoballoon ablation in China is unknown.MethodsThis retrospective and observational study included 453 AF patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation from January 2016 to August 2018. Patients were classified into quartiles based on preprocedural serum FT4 concentration. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the long‐term rate of AF recurrence after ablation were assessed.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up period of 17.4 ± 9.0 months, 91 (20.1%) patients suffered from AF recurrence. The AF recurrence rate by FT4 quartile was 17.7%, 19.0%, 21.4%, and 22.3% for participants with FT4 in quartile 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p < .001). On multivariate Cox regression, FT4 concentration (HR: 1.187, 95% CI: 1.093–1.290, p < .001) and left atrial diameter (HR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.014–1.092, p = .007) were significant predictors of AF recurrence. When stratifying for AF type, the rate of postoperative recurrence was independently increased as FT4 concentration increased in paroxysmal AF, but not in persistent AF (p < .001 in paroxysmal AF and p = .977 in persistent AF).ConclusionHigher FT4 level within the normal range predicted the outcome of cryoballoon ablation in Chinese paroxysmal AF patients without structural heart disease.
Safety of electrooxidation for urea removal in a wearable artificial kidney is compromised by formation of glucose degradation products
Authors: van Gelder Maaike K. , Vollenbroek Jeroen C. , Lentferink Babette H. , Hazenbrink Diënty H. M. , Besseling Paul J. , Simonis Frank , Giovanella Silvia , Ligabue Giulia , Bajo Rubio Maria A. , Cappelli Gianni , Joles Jaap A. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Gerritsen Karin G. F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA major challenge for the development of a wearable artificial kidney (WAK) is the removal of urea from the spent dialysate, as urea is the waste solute with the highest daily molar production and is difficult to adsorb. Here we present results on glucose degradation products (GDPs) formed during electrooxidation (EO), a technique that applies a current to the dialysate to convert urea into nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Uremic plasma and peritoneal effluent were dialyzed for 8 hours with a WAK with and without EO‐based dialysate regeneration. Samples were taken regularly during treatment. GDPs (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3‐deoxyglucosone) were measured in EO‐ and non‐EO‐treated fluids. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal concentrations increased 26‐ and 11‐fold, respectively, in uremic plasma (at [glucose] 7 mmol/L) and 209‐ and 353‐fold, respectively, in peritoneal effluent (at [glucose] 100 mmol/L) during treatment with EO, whereas no change was observed in GDP concentrations during dialysate regeneration without EO. EO for dialysate regeneration in a WAK is currently not safe due to the generation of GDPs which are not biocompatible.
No association between chronic use of ranitidine, compared with omeprazole or famotidine, and gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Kim Yeseong D. , Wang Jiasheng , Shibli Fahmi , Poels Kamrine E. , Ganocy Stephen J. , Fass Ronnie 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration detected above‐regulation levels of the human carcinogen N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in ranitidine, resulting in a complete removal of the medication from the market. NDMA is known to cause gastrointestinal malignancies in animal models.AimTo determine if patients who were receiving ranitidine have a higher risk of developing cancers of the digestive tract compared to patients taking other anti‐reflux medications.MethodsUsing the nationwide database IBM Explorys, patients taking ranitidine were compared to patients on either famotidine or omeprazole. Incidence data of new malignancies of the oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colon/rectum were obtained in 1‐year intervals for up to 10 years. Two multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs), one adjusting for common risk factors for each cancer studied, and the other for demographic factors.ResultsPatients on ranitidine who were compared to patients on famotidine had ORs of 0.51(95% CI 0.43‐0.60), 0.43(95% CI 0.36‐0.51), 0.39(95% CI 0.36‐0.41), 0.54(95% CI 0.49‐0.62), and 0.46(95% CI 0.43‐0.49) of developing oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients on ranitidine compared to omeprazole had ORs of 0.62(95% CI 0.52‐0.72), 0.58(95% CI 0.49‐0.68), 0.81 (95% CI 0.76‐0.86), 0.68(95% CI 0.60‐0.76), and 0.66(95% CI 0.62‐0.70) of developing oesophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsUse of ranitidine was not associated with an increased odds of developing gastrointestinal malignancies compared to omeprazole or famotidine use.
Exposure to night‐time light pollution and risk of prolonged duration of labor: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Windsperger Karin , Kiss Herbert , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Leitner Hermann , Binder Franz , Muin Dana A. , Foessleitner Philipp , Husslein Peter W. , Farr Alex 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLight pollution (LP) is a ubiquitous environmental agent that affects more than 80% of the world's population. This large nationwide cohort study evaluates whether exposure to LP can influence obstetric outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed Austrian birth registry data on 717 113 cases between 2008 and 2016 and excluded cases involving day‐time delivery, <23 + 0 gestational weeks, and/or birthweight <500 g, induction of labor, elective cesarean, or cases with missing data. The independent variable, that is, degree of night‐time LP, was categorized as low (0.174 to <0.688 mcd/m2), medium (0.688 to <3 mcd/m2), or high (3 to <10 mcd/m2). Duration of labor and adverse neonatal outcomes served as outcome measures.ResultsCases in regions with high LP (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30‐1.57) and medium LP (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.31) showed increased odds of prolonged labor (P < .0001 each). Newborns born in regions with high LP (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.16) and medium LP (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.10) showed increased odds of experiencing adverse outcomes (P < .0001 each). Preterm delivery <28 + 0 weeks was also associated with the degree of LP (P = .04).ConclusionsNight‐time LP negatively interferes with obstetric outcomes. The perceived influence of LP as an environmental agent needs to be re‐evaluated to minimize associated health risks.
Leukemogenesis via aberrant self‐renewal by the MLL/AEP‐mediated transcriptional activation system
Authors: Yokoyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHomeostasis of the hematopoietic system is achieved in a hierarchy, with hematopoietic stem cells at the pinnacle. Because only hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self‐renew, the size of the hematopoietic system is strictly controlled. In hematopoietic reconstitution experiments, 1 HSC can reconstitute the entire hematopoietic system, whereas 50 multipotent progenitors cannot. This indicates that only HSCs self‐renew, whereas non‐HSC hematopoietic progenitors are programmed to differentiate or senesce. Oncogenic mutations of the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) overcome this “programmed differentiation” by conferring the self‐renewing ability to non‐HSC hematopoietic progenitors. In leukemia, mutated MLL proteins constitutively activate a broad range of previously transcribed CpG‐rich promoters by an MLL‐mediated transcriptional activation system. This system promotes self‐renewal by replicating an expression profile similar to that of the mother cell in its daughter cells. In this transcriptional activation system, MLL binds to unmethylated CpG‐rich promoters and recruits RNA polymerase II. MLL recruits p300/CBP through its transcriptional activation domain, which acetylates histone H3 at lysines 9, 18, and 27. The AF4 family/ENL family/P‐TEFb complex (AEP) binds to acetylated H3K9/18/27 to activate transcription. Gene rearrangements of MLL with AEP‐ or CBP/p300‐complex components generate constitutively active transcriptional machinery of this transcriptional activation system, which causes aberrant self‐renewal of leukemia stem cells. Inhibitors of the components of this system effectively decrease their leukemogenic potential.
Role of BCLAF‐1 in PD‐L1 stabilization in response to ionizing irradiation
Authors: Ma Zhao , Wang Han , Meng Fanbiao , Han Yamei , Chen Yefei , Xiao Mingming , Jiang Hongjing , Yu Zhentao , Xu Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a major immunosuppressive checkpoint protein expressed by tumor cells to subvert anticancer immunity. Recent studies have shown that ionizing radiation (IR) upregulates the expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells. However, whether an IR‐induced DNA damage response (DDR) directly regulates PD‐L1 expression and the functional significance of its upregulation are not fully understood. Here, we show that IR‐induced upregulation of PD‐L1 expression proceeds through both transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms. Upregulated PD‐L1 was predominantly present on the cell membrane, resulting in T‐cell apoptosis in a co‐culture system. Using mass spectrometry, we identified PD‐L1 interacting proteins and found that BCLAF1 (Bcl2 associated transcription factor 1) is an important regulator of PD‐L1 in response to IR. BCLAF1 depletion decreased PD‐L1 expression by promoting the ubiquitination of PD‐L1. In addition, we show that CMTM6 is upregulated in response to IR and participates in BCLAF1‐dependent PD‐L1 upregulation. Finally, we demonstrated that the ATM/BCLAF1/PD‐L1 axis regulated PD‐L1 stabilization in response to IR. Together, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of PD‐L1 expression in the DDR.
Pyroptosis, a new bridge to tumor immunity
Authors: Li Lisha , Jiang Mingxia , Qi Ling , Wu Yiming , Song Dongfeng , Gan Junqing , Li Yanjing , Bai Yuxian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyroptosis refers to the process of gasdermin (GSDM)‐mediated programmed cell death (PCD). Our understanding of pyroptosis has expanded beyond cells and is known to involve extracellular responses. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in pyroptosis due to its emerging role in activating the immune system. In the meantime, pyroptosis‐mediated therapies, which use the immune response to kill cancer cells, have also achieved notable success in a clinical setting. In this review, we discuss that the immune response induced by pyroptosis activation is a double‐edged sword that affects all stages of tumorigenesis. On the one hand, the activation of inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis and the release of pyroptosis‐produced cytokines alter the immune microenvironment and promote the development of tumors by evading immune surveillance. On the other hand, pyroptosis‐produced cytokines can also collect immune cells and ignite the immune system to improve the efficiency of tumor immunotherapies. Pyroptosis is also related to some immune checkpoints, especially programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) or programmed death‐ ligand 1 (PD‐L1). In this review, we mainly focus on our current understanding of the interplay between the immune system and tumors that process through pyroptosis, and debate their use as potential therapeutic targets.
Novel immune‐related signature for risk stratification and prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Bo , Zeng Yan‐Ru , Han Zhao‐Dong , Zhuo Yang‐Jia , Liang Ying‐Ke , Hon Chi Tin , Wan Song , Wu Shulin , Dahl Douglas , Zhong Wei‐De , Wu Chin‐Lee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA substantial proportion of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) patients experience biochemical failure (BCF) after radical prostatectomy (RP). The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in carcinogenesis and the development of PRAD. This study aimed to identify a novel immune‐related gene (IRG)‐based signature for risk stratification and prognosis of BCF in PRAD. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was carried out to identify a BCF‐related module in a discovery cohort of patients who underwent RP at the Massachusetts General Hospital. The median follow‐up time was 70.32 months. Random forest and multivariate stepwise Cox regression analyses were used to identify an IRG‐based signature from the specific module. Risk plot analyses, Kaplan‐Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, stratified analysis, and Harrell’s concordance index were used to assess the prognostic value and predictive accuracy of the IRG‐based signature in the internal discovery cohort; The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used as a validation cohort. Tumor immune estimation resource database analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to assess the immunophenotype of PRAD. A novel IRG‐based signature was identified from the specific module. Five IRGs (BUB1B, NDN, NID1, COL4A6, and FLRT2) were verified as components of the risk signature. The IRG‐based signature showed good prognostic value and predictive accuracy in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Infiltrations of various immune cells were significantly different between low‐risk and high‐risk groups in PRAD. We identified a novel IRG‐based signature that could function as an index for assessing tumor immune status and risk stratification in PRAD.
Pre‐schoolers use head gestures rather than prosodic cues to highlight important information in speech
Authors: Esteve‐Gibert Núria , Lœvenbruck Hélène , Dohen Marion , D'Imperio Mariapaola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious evidence suggests that children's mastery of prosodic modulations to signal the informational status of discourse referents emerges quite late in development. In the present study, we investigate the children's use of head gestures as it compares to prosodic cues to signal a referent as being contrastive relative to a set of possible alternatives. A group of French‐speaking pre‐schoolers were audio‐visually recorded while playing in a semi‐spontaneous but controlled production task, to elicit target words in the context of broad focus, contrastive focus, or corrective focus utterances. We analysed the acoustic features of the target words (syllable duration and word‐level pitch range), as well as the head gesture features accompanying these target words (head gesture type, alignment patterns with speech). We found that children's production of head gestures, but not their use of either syllable duration or word‐level pitch range, was affected by focus condition. Children mostly aligned head gestures with relevant speech units, especially when the target word was in phrase‐final position. Moreover, the presence of a head gesture was linked to greater syllable duration patterns in all focus conditions. Our results show that (a) 4‐ and 5‐year‐old French‐speaking children use head gestures rather than prosodic cues to mark the informational status of discourse referents, (b) the use of head gestures may gradually entrain the production of adult‐like prosodic features, and that (c) head gestures with no referential relation with speech may serve a linguistic structuring function in communication, at least during language development.
Insulin strategies for dietary fat and protein in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Tenele A. , Marlow Alexandra A. , King Bruce R. , Smart Carmel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo identify and report the efficacy of insulin strategies used to manage glycaemia following fat and/or fat and protein meals in type 1 diabetes.MethodsA systematic literature search of medical databases from 1995 to 2021 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials that reported at least one of the following glycaemic outcomes: mean glucose, area under the curve, time in range or hypoglycaemic episodes.ResultsEighteen studies were included. Thirteen studies gave additional insulin. Five studies gave an additional 30%–43% of the insulin‐to‐carbohydrate ratio (ICR) for 32–50 g of fat and 31%–51% ICR for 7–35 g of fat with 12–27 g of protein added to control meals. A further eight studies gave −28% to +75% ICR using algorithms based on fat and protein for meals with 19–50 g of carbohydrate, 2–79 g of fat and 10–60 g of protein, only one study reported a glycaemic benefit of giving less than an additional 24% ICR. Eight studies evaluated insulin delivery patterns. Four of six studies in pump therapy, and one of two studies in multiple daily injections showed the combination of bolus and split dose, respectively, were superior. Five studies examined the insulin dose split, four demonstrated 60%–125% ICR upfront was necessary. Two studies investigated the timing of insulin delivery, both reported administration 15 min before the meal lowered postprandial glycaemia.ConclusionsFindings highlight the glycaemic benefit of an additional 24%–75% ICR for fat and fat and protein meals. For these meals, there is supportive evidence for insulin delivery in a combination bolus with a minimum upfront dose of 60% ICR, 15 min before the meal.
100 years of physiology, discrimination and wonder
Authors: Russell‐Jones David , Herring Roselle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has been 100 years of research detailing the role of insulin in glucose, protein and free fatty acid metabolism. We explore the learnings though evolution and changes in management with an understanding of how it has impacted the care of people with diabetes. The discrimination endured is described and recent advances to empower and counter this are highlighted.
Sexual health and function in women with diabetes
Authors: Winkley Kirsty , Kristensen Camilla , Fosbury Jackie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSexual dysfunction for women with diabetes is more common than for women without diabetes. The reasons why women with diabetes are a high‐risk group are numerous. For example, lack of vaginal lubrication, pain during sex and inability to orgasm can be a consequence of high or low blood glucose levels. Higher rates of depression in people with diabetes can lead to low sexual drive. Wearing of diabetes devices, such as pumps, glucose monitors or lumps from lipohypertrophy around insulin injection sites may affect body image and self‐esteem and the inconvenience of self‐managing diabetes may affect the spontaneity of sex. This narrative review provides an overview of the problem of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes, current methods of assessing sexual dysfunction in women, pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions to treat it and an example of how psychological support for women with diabetes who experience sexual dysfunction can be integrated into a diabetes service. There are still significant gaps in our knowledge of how best to support women with diabetes and sexual dysfunction. However, raising awareness of the problem may help women with diabetes and healthcare professionals to discuss it as part of diabetes clinical consultations.
Product heterogeneity in international terms of payment
Authors: Im Hyejoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effects of product characteristics on the choice of payment methods for international trade. I develop a theoretical model that leads to two new testable hypotheses. First, as the transaction value increases, exporters tend to choose safer payment methods, such as letters of credit, rather than post‐shipment payments. Second, if the products in the transaction are easily liquidated, exporters tend to choose safer payment terms. Product‐destination‐level export data from Korean exports declaration forms support both hypotheses. Furthermore, the results using these comprehensive data on tradable goods and countries generalize the findings of previous studies on country characteristics.