bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bleeding patterns in patients before and after diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: Analysis of a US medical claims database
Authors: Roberts Jonathan C. , Malec Lynn M. , Halari Imrran , Hale Sarah A. , Oladapo Abiola , Sidonio Robert F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionVon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. The bleeding phenotype is variable, and some individuals have persistent symptoms post‐diagnosis.AimTo characterize bleeding patterns in patients with VWD before and after diagnosis.MethodsDe‐identified claims data for commercially insured patients in the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus US database (Jan‐2006 to Jun‐2015) were extracted. Eligible patients had ≥2 claims for VWD (ICD‐9 code 286.4), and continuous health‐plan enrolment for ≥2 years before and after diagnosis. Bleeding event, treatment and treating‐physician type were analysed for 18 months before and 7‐24 months after diagnosis, according to pre‐diagnosis bleeding phenotype (claims from one vs multiple bleed sites) and post‐diagnosis bleeding status (resolved [no post‐diagnosis bleed claims] vs continued [≥1 claim]).ResultsData for 3756 eligible patients (72.6% female; 71.0% aged ≥18 years at diagnosis) were analysed. Overall, 642 (17.1%) and 805 (21.4%) patients had single‐ and multiple‐site bleed claims pre‐diagnosis, respectively, and 1263 (33.6%) patients (38.5% of women, 20.8% of men) continued to bleed post‐diagnosis. Multiple‐site bleeding was associated with pre‐diagnosis heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), oral contraceptive (OC) use and nasal cauterization. Continued bleeding post‐diagnosis was associated with pre‐diagnosis gastrointestinal bleeding, HMB and epistaxis; pre‐diagnosis use of OCs, aminocaproic acid and nasal cauterization; and younger age at diagnosis. Few patients consulted a haematologist for bleed management.ConclusionMany patients with VWD have persistent bleeding from multiple sites and continue to bleed post‐diagnosis. Our findings suggest a need to optimize management to reduce the symptomatic burden of VWD following diagnosis.
Correlation between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL‐17+ and Foxp3+ T‐cell infiltration in bladder cancer
Authors: Fattahi Soheila , Karimi Monireh , Ghatreh‐Samani Mahdi , Taheri Fatemeh , Shirzad Hedayatollah , Mohammad Alibeigi Faramarz , Anjomshoa Maryam , Bagheri Nader 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world and, if not treated well, has high morbidity and mortality. Many studies have indicated that there may be various roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) in BC tissue in comparison with controls and determine the relationship between AHR, Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells in BC. A total of 40 patients with BC were enrolled in this study. The control group was selected from non‐tumoural parts of bladder tissues from the patients who have undergone cystoscopy. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Foxp3+/CD4+) and Th17 (IL‐17+/CD4+), as well as AHR+ cells in BC tissues and controls, were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study showed that the number of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 is significantly higher in bladder tumour tissues in comparison with non‐tumoural tissues. Also, the percentage of AHR+ lymphocytes and AHR+ cells was increased significantly in bladder tumour tissues rather than non‐tumoural tissues. This study also found a relation between AHR and Foxp3+/CD4+ T lymphocytes ratio cells in BC. The percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs and AHR+ cells were significantly correlated with the grade and stage of BC. An increase in the percentage of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells may play an important role in tumour immunity; and determining the relationship between AHR and differentiation of Th17/Foxp3+Treg in BC can lead to a potential cancer therapeutic possibility.
Late maturity and evidence for female biennial spawning in the sea pen Pennatula aculeata (Anthozoa, Pennatulacea) in eastern Canada
Authors: Couillard Catherine M. , Sainte‐Marie Bernard , Dionne Hélène 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLittle is known about reproduction of the sea pen Pennatula aculeata, which is found at high densities and constitutes vulnerable habitat in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Sex ratio, size at maturity, and reproductive status were investigated for colonies collected in May, August, and October 2015 along the Gaspé Peninsula. Reproductive status was assessed by histological determination of gamete sex and maturity and by stereomicroscope measurement of the diameters of the leading cohort of oocytes (LCO) or sperm cysts of histologically mature colonies. Colonies were gonochoric, with a sex ratio of 1:1. Based on the distribution of gamete diameters in May, three groups of female and a single group of male colonies were identified. Female colonies classified in the group of LCO with the smallest diameter (0.10–0.39 mm) were shorter in total length (TL < 130 mm) than females in the other two groups of LCOs with larger diameters, and very few spawned from May to October. A major reduction in the proportion of large female colonies (TL ≥ 130 mm) belonging to the group with the largest diameter (≥0.55 mm) and of mature male colonies between May and August indicated one annual spawning event. Persistence of histologically mature (vitellogenic) female colonies classified in the two smaller oocyte diameter groups after spawning is indicative of prolonged oogenesis (at least 24 months). The fact that only approximately half of the large female colonies had ripe oocytes (diameter ≥0.55 mm) in May prior to spawning, while the other half had vitellogenic oocytes of much smaller diameter which persisted after the spawning period, suggests that they reproduce only every other year. Estimated size and age at which 50% of colonies spawned were greater in females (148 mm TL, 11–14 years) than in males (101 mm TL, 8–11 years). These reproductive characteristics may reduce resilience of P. aculeata to various anthropic stressors.
Controlling flowering of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) by inducing dominant mutations
Authors: Chiurazzi Maurizio Junior , Nørrevang Anton Frisgaard , García Pedro , Cerdán Pablo D. , Palmgren Michael , Wenkel Stephan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBreeding plants with polyploid genomes is challenging because functional redundancy hampers the identification of loss‐of‐function mutants. Medicago sativa is tetraploid and obligate outcrossing, which together with inbreeding depression complicates traditional breeding approaches in obtaining plants with a stable growth habit. Inducing dominant mutations would provide an alternative strategy to introduce domestication traits in plants with high gene redundancy. Here we describe two complementary strategies to induce dominant mutations in the M. sativa genome and how they can be relevant in the control of flowering time. First, we outline a genome‐engineering strategy that harnesses the use of microProteins as developmental regulators. MicroProteins are small proteins that appeared during genome evolution from genes encoding larger proteins. Genome‐engineering allows us to retrace evolution and create microProtein‐coding genes de novo. Second, we provide an inventory of genes regulated by microRNAs that control plant development. Making respective gene transcripts microRNA‐resistant by inducing point mutations can uncouple microRNA regulation. Finally, we investigated the recently published genomes of M. sativa and provide an inventory of breeding targets, some of which, when mutated, are likely to result in dominant traits.
Effect of transportation time and stocking density on seawater quality and survival of Anisotremus scapularis (Perciformes: Haemulidae)
Authors: Espinoza‐Ramos Luis A. , Pepe‐Victoriano Renzo , Huanacuni Jordan I. , Nande Manuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transport of live fish for aquaculture is a key issue in the domestication of new species. National level programs were developed in Peru for controlled repopulation of Peruvian grunt (Anisotremus scapularis), reared in extensive systems or ongrown in floating cages, but these were limited by inadequate knowledge of the best transport parameters to ensure survival. This study aims to identify the effect of low‐density (21.18 ± 4.38) medium (31.77 ± 6.57) and high‐density in (42.36 ± 8.76 kg m−3), corresponding to 6 (48), 9 (72), and 12 (96 ind·bag−1) ind·L−1 during the transport time (8, 10, and 12 hr), on survival. Also seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3N), ammonia (NH3), and ammonium (NH4) were recorded at the end of transport. Survival at 8 and 10 hr at low‐density was similar, but decreased at 12 hr. In contrast, all densities showed a greater effect after 12 hr of transport with 61.11 ± 17.35; 67.13 ± 7.13, and 70.49 ± 4.70% survival, respectively. Finally, the influence of the variables analyzed to contribute to survival and the sum of these, plus other parameters that were not measured, such as stress, leads to the conclusion of between 8 and 10 hr of transport time and not exceeding stocking density of 72 ind/bag (31.77 ± 6.57 kg m−3) should be used.
Equilibrium price in intraday electricity markets
Authors: Aid René , Cosso Andrea , Pham Huyên 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe formulate an equilibrium model of intraday trading in electricity markets. Agents face balancing constraints between their customers consumption plus intraday sales and their production plus intraday purchases. They have continuously updated forecast of their customers consumption at maturity. Forecasts are prone to idiosyncratic noise and common noise (weather). Agents production capacities are subject to independent random outages, which are each modeled by a Markov chain. The equilibrium price is defined as the price that minimizes trading cost plus imbalance cost of each agent and satisfies the usual market clearing condition. Existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium are proved, and we show that the equilibrium price and the optimal trading strategies are martingales. The main economic insights are the following: (i) when there is no uncertainty on generation, it is shown that the market price is a convex combination of forecasted marginal cost of each agent, with deterministic weights. Furthermore, the equilibrium market price is consistent with Almgren and Chriss's model, and we identify the fundamental part and the permanent market impact. It turns out that heterogeneity across agents is a necessary condition for Samuelson's effect to hold. We show that when heterogeneity lies only on costs, Samuelson's effect holds true. A similar result stands when heterogeneity lies only on market access quality. (ii) When there is production uncertainty only, we provide an approximation of the equilibrium for large number of players. The resulting price exhibits increasing volatility with time.
The impact of new varieties on aggregate productivity growth*
Authors: von Brasch Thomas , Raknerud Arvid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough there is an extensive body of literature on aggregate productivity growth, reallocation, and firm turnover, the contribution to overall productivity growth from new firms that produce new varieties is not well understood. In this paper, we propose a framework for aggregating productivity that identifies the contribution from new firms that produce new varieties. Our framework generalizes the frameworks currently used in the literature. To illustrate the decomposition, we analyse the case of firm turnover in Norway. We find that the net creation of new varieties due to firm turnover contributes about half a percentage point to annual aggregate labour productivity growth in the manufacturing sector.
Multiply robust estimators of causal effects for survival outcomes
Authors: Wen Lan , Hernán Miguel A. , Robins James M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiply robust estimators of the longitudinal g‐formula have recently been proposed to protect against model misspecification better than the standard augmented inverse probability weighted estimator (Rotnitzky et al., 2017; Luedtke et al., 2018). These multiply robust estimators ensure consistency if one of the models for the treatment process or outcome process is correctly specified at each time point. We study the multiply robust estimators of Rotnitzky et al. (2017) in the context of a survival outcome. Specifically, we compare various estimators of the g‐formula for survival outcomes in order to (1) understand how the estimators may be related to one another, (2) understand each estimator's robustness to model misspecification, and (3) construct estimators that can be more efficient than others in certain model misspecification scenarios. We propose a modification of the multiply robust estimators to gain efficiency under misspecification of the outcome model by using calibrated propensity scores over non‐calibrated propensity scores at each time point. Theoretical results are confirmed via simulation studies, and a practical comparison of these estimators is conducted through an application to the US Veterans Aging Cohort Study.
When cats need to see to step accurately?
Authors: Volgushev Maxim , Nguyen Celina T. , Iyer Gautam S. , Beloozerova Irina N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLocomotion on complex terrains often requires vision. However, how vision serves locomotion is not well understood. Here, we asked when visual information necessary for accurate stepping is collected and how its acquisition relates to the step cycle. In cats of both sexes, we showed that a brief (200–400 ms) interruption of visual input can rapidly influence cat's walking along a horizontal ladder. Depending on the phase within the step cycle, a 200 ms period of darkness could be tolerated fully without any changes to the strides or could lead to minor increases of stride duration. The effects of 300–400 ms of visual input denial, which typically prolonged stances and/or swings, also depended on the phase of the darkness onset. The increase of the duration of strides was always shorter than the duration of darkness. We conclude that visual information for planning a swing is collected starting from the middle of the preceding stance until the beginning of the current swing. For a stance (and/or a swing of the other paw), visual information is collected starting from the end of the previous stance and until the middle of the current stance. Acquisition of visual information during these windows is not uniform but depends on the phase of the step cycle. Notably, both the extension of these windows and their non‐homogeneity are closely related to the pattern of gaze behaviour in cats, described previously. This new knowledge will help to guide research and understanding of neuronal mechanisms of visuomotor integration and modulation of visual function by strides during locomotion.
imageKey points
Cats, like humans, rely on vision to navigate in complex environments.
In cats walking along a horizontally placed ladder, we show that visual information required for accurate stepping is collected in a non‐uniform manner throughout the stride cycle.
Brief denial of visual input during a swing prolongs the next stance of that forelimb. Denial of visual input during a stance prolongs this stance, as well as the next swing and stance. Denial during the first half of a stance has a greater effect than during the second half.
The phase dependence of the use of vision for accurate stepping and the pattern of affected swings and stances are closely related to the previously described pattern of gaze behaviour in cats.
This new knowledge opens new perspectives for research into neuronal mechanisms of visuomotor coordination and visual function during walking and for understanding related disorders.
Integrally-Stiffened Composite Damage Tolerance Evaluated by Computational Simulation
Authors: Chamis Christos C. , Minnetyan Levon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An integrally stiffened graphite/epoxy composite rotorcraft structure is evaluated via computational simulation. A computer code that scales up constituent micromechanics level material properties to the structure level and accounts for all possible failure modes is used for the simulation of composite degradation under loading. Damage initiation, growth, accumulation, and propagation to fracture are included in the simulation. Design implications with regard to defect and damage tolerance of integrally stiffened composite structures are examined. A procedure is outlined regarding the use of this type of information for setting quality acceptance criteria, design allowables, damage tolerance, and retirement-for-cause criteria.
A Box Beam Testbed Structure for Evaluating Elastic Tailoring With Composites
Authors: Rehfield Lawrence W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Elastic tailoring refers to the use of composite materials to create structures with passive self-deformation control. These structures often exhibit globally coupled modes of deformation which are unusual. Examples are bend-twist and extension-twist in beam-like structures. Illustrations are presented which show that tailored configurations must be examined with care. If the structure is optimized for a particular mode of behavior, such as bend-twist or extension-twist, and is subjected to secondary loads of an unanticipated type, unwanted or unexpected behaviors may result which can significantly alter response. Situations such as this may be avoided by choosing configurations free of undesirable elastic couplings. One such configuration is the box beam model advocated as a testbed in the present paper.
On the Role of the Shell Theory in Analyzing the Sensitivity of Laminated Cylindrical Shells to Imperfection
Authors: Sheinman Izhak , Goldfeld Yiska 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the importance of the imperfection sensitivity behavior of laminated cylindrical shells, an investigation of the accuracy of three different shell theories, namely: Donnell’s, Sanders’ and Timoshenko’s is carried out. The results show that the adopted theory plays an important role in terms of the characteristic and level of sensitivity.
Delamination Effects in Circular Sandwich Plates With Laminated Faces of General Layup and a “Soft” Core
Authors: Rabinovitch Oded , Frostig Yeoshua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study is concerned with the behavior of delaminated circular sandwich plates with a compressible “soft” core and composite laminated face sheets of general layup. The analysis follows the concepts of the High-Order Sandwich Plate Theory and employs the variational principle of virtual work for the derivation of the field equations of the fully bonded and delaminated regions. In the penny shaped disbonded region, the delaminated faces can slip horizontally with respect one to another, yet they may be in contact and resist vertical normal compressive stresses. The compressible core is considered using the 3D theory of elasticity and the lamination theory is employed for the modeling of the composite laminated face sheets. The formulation yields coordinate-dependent constitutive relations and governing equations and the solution procedure adopts the Galerkin method in the circumferential direction and the multiple-points shooting method in the radial direction. Numerical results regarding a typical delaminated sandwich plate are presented in terms of deformations and stresses. The results reveal the effect of the anisotropic laminated face sheets on the response of the structure and the influence of the delamination on the overall and, especially, the localized behavior of the plate.
Damping in Unidirectional and Cross-Ply Ceramic Matrix Composites With Matrix Cracks
Authors: Birman Victor , Byrd Larry W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper elucidates the methods of estimating damping in ceramic matrix composites (CMC) with matrix cracks. Unidirectional composites with bridging matrix cracks and cross-ply laminates with tunneling cracks in transverse layers and bridging cracks in longitudinal layers are considered. It is shown that bridging matrix cracks may dramatically increase damping in unidirectional CMC due to a dissipation of energy along damaged sections of the fiber-matrix interface (interfacial friction). Such friction is absent in the case of tunneling cracks in transverse layers of cross-ply laminates where the changes in damping due to a degradation of the stiffness remain small. However, damping in cross-ply laminates abruptly increases if bridging cracks appear in the longitudinal layers.
Dynamics of Composite Structures With Multiple Delaminations
Authors: Lestari W. , Lou H. , Hanagud S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explore if changes in the structural dynamic response and structural dynamic characteristics can be used to identify the existence, location and magnitude of defects like a delamination or an impact damage, at the macroscale level, before they can grow to their critical sizes. Specifically dynamic response of composite structures, with delamination defects, is discussed in this paper. The experimental analysis is performed to capture the effects of nonlinearities on the dynamic response of a beam with multiple delaminations. To describe the opening and closing mode of the delaminated segments of the beam during the vibration, an analysis is performed by using a model with piecewise spring. Then, the nonlinear dynamic response is calculated.
Failure Prediction of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates With Induced Intermittent Surge in Applied Load During Fatigue
Authors: Kedlaya Diwakar N. , Pelegri Assimina A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An analytical model, backed by numerical simulation, describing the behavior of the energy release rate of composite laminates subjected to fatigue overloads is presented. The model establishes that accumulation of damage due to intermittent surge in applied load reduces the energy release rate, G, of the material. Thus, in the case of cyclic loading with overloads, it is essential to model the failure using a damage growth law that incorporates the damage accumulation due to the overloads. The results obtained in this study, have no restrictive assumptions regarding the specimen or the delamination thickness, T and h respectively, and are presented over varying mode-mixity and h/T ratios.
Effects of Interfacial Roughness, Oxide Film Thickness and Heterogeneous Bond Coat Microstructure on Spallation Mechanism in Plasma-Sprayed TBCs
Authors: Pindera Marek-Jerzy , Aboudi Jacob , Arnold Steven M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A major failure mechanism in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings is spallation of the top coat due to the top/bond coat thermal expansion mismatch concomitant with deposition-induced interfacial roughness, oxide film growth and creep-induced normal stress reversal at the rough interface’s crest. Reduction of the thermal expansion mismatch through the use of heterogeneous bond coats has been suggested to increase coating durability. This approach is examined using the higher-order theory for functionally graded materials. Specifically, combined effects of a graded bond coat microstructure and oxide film thickness on the crack-tip stress field in the vicinity of a rough top/bond coat interface are investigated during furnace-type thermal cycling in the presence of a local horizontal delamination situated within the homogeneous top coat at the rough interface’s crest. The analysis, which accounts for the creep/relaxation effects within the individual constituents, is conducted in two distinct ways. In the first approach, the bond coat’s heterogeneous microstructure is fully taken into account while in the second approach the bond coat’s microstructure is homogenized. The feasibility of using graded bond coat microstructures to reduce horizontal delamination driving forces is critically examined and the limitations of the homogenization-based approach are highlighted.