bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell specific photoswitchable agonist for reversible control of endogenous dopamine receptors
Authors: Donthamsetti Prashant , Winter Nils , Hoagland Adam , Stanley Cherise , Visel Meike , Lammel Stephan , Trauner Dirk , Isacoff Ehud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDopamine controls diverse behaviors and their dysregulation contributes to many disorders. Our ability to understand and manipulate the function of dopamine is limited by the heterogenous nature of dopaminergic projections, the diversity of neurons that are regulated by dopamine, the varying distribution of the five dopamine receptors (DARs), and the complex dynamics of dopamine release. In order to improve our ability to specifically modulate distinct DARs, here we develop a photo-pharmacological strategy using a Membrane anchored Photoswitchable orthogonal remotely tethered agonist for the Dopamine receptor (MP-D). Our design selectively targets D1R/D5R receptor subtypes, most potently D1R (MP-D1ago), as shown in HEK293T cells. In vivo, we targeted dorsal striatal medium spiny neurons where the photo-activation of MP-D1agoincreased movement initiation, although further work is required to assess the effects of MP-D1agoon neuronal function. Our method combines ligand and cell type-specificity with temporally precise and reversible activation of D1R to control specific aspects of movement. Our results provide a template for analyzing dopamine receptors.
A subduction influence on ocean ridge basalts outside the Pacific subduction shield
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Langmuir C. H. , Cai Y. , Michael P. , Goldstein S. L. , Chen Z. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe plate tectonic cycle produces chemically distinct mid-ocean ridge basalts and arc volcanics, with the latter enriched in elements such as Ba, Rb, Th, Sr and Pb and depleted in Nb owing to the water-rich flux from the subducted slab. Basalts from back-arc basins, with intermediate compositions, show that such a slab flux can be transported behind the volcanic front of the arc and incorporated into mantle flow. Hence it is puzzling why melts of subduction-modified mantle have rarely been recognized in mid-ocean ridge basalts. Here we report the first mid-ocean ridge basalt samples with distinct arc signatures, akin to back-arc basin basalts, from the Arctic Gakkel Ridge. A new high precision dataset for 576 Gakkel samples suggests a pervasive subduction influence in this region. This influence can also be identified in Atlantic and Indian mid-ocean ridge basalts but is nearly absent in Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalts. Such a hemispheric-scale upper mantle heterogeneity reflects subduction modification of the asthenospheric mantle which is incorporated into mantle flow, and whose geographical distribution is controlled dominantly by a “subduction shield” that has surrounded the Pacific Ocean for 180 Myr. Simple modeling suggests that a slab flux equivalent to ~13% of the output at arcs is incorporated into the convecting upper mantle.
Cortical neurons exhibit diverse myelination patterns that scale between mouse brain regions and regenerate after demyelination
Authors: Call Cody L. , Bergles Dwight E. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAxons in the cerebral cortex show a broad range of myelin coverage. Oligodendrocytes establish this pattern by selecting a cohort of axons for myelination; however, the distribution of myelin on distinct neurons and extent of internode replacement after demyelination remain to be defined. Here we show that myelination patterns of seven distinct neuron subtypes in somatosensory cortex are influenced by both axon diameter and neuronal identity. Preference for myelination of parvalbumin interneurons was preserved between cortical areas with varying myelin density, suggesting that regional differences in myelin abundance arises through local control of oligodendrogenesis. By imaging loss and regeneration of myelin sheaths in vivo we show that myelin distribution on individual axons was altered but overall myelin content on distinct neuron subtypes was restored. Our findings suggest that local changes in myelination are tolerated, allowing regenerated oligodendrocytes to restore myelin content on distinct neurons through opportunistic selection of axons.
High performance temperature difference triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Cheng Bolang , Xu Qi , Ding Yaqin , Bai Suo , Jia Xiaofeng , Yu Yangdianchen , Wen Juan , Qin Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsually, high temperature decreases the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator because of the dissipation of triboelectric charges through the thermionic emission. Here, a temperature difference triboelectric nanogenerator is designed and fabricated to enhance the electrical output performance in high temperature environment. As the hotter friction layer’s temperature of nanogenerator is 0 K to 145 K higher than the cooler part’s temperature, the output voltage, current, surface charge density and output power are increased 2.7, 2.2, 3.0 and 2.9 times, respectively (from 315 V, 9.1 μA, 19.6 μC m−2, 69 μW to 858 V, 20 μA, 58.8 μC m−2, 206.7 μW). With the further increase of temperature difference from 145 K to 219 K, the surface charge density and output performance gradually decrease. At the optimal temperature difference (145 K), the largest output current density is 443 μA cm−2, which is 26.6% larger than the reported record value (350 μA cm−2).
Vacancy-defect modulated pathway of photoreduction of CO2 on single atomically thin AgInP2S6 sheets into olefiant gas
Authors: Gao Wa , Li Shi , He Huichao , Li Xiaoning , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yang Yong , Wang Jinlan , Shen Qing , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiong Yujie , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis, light-driving CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels, is a promising strategy to synchronously overcome global warming and energy-supply issues. The quaternary AgInP2S6 atomic layer with the thickness of ~ 0.70 nm were successfully synthesized through facile ultrasonic exfoliation of the corresponding bulk crystal. The sulfur defect engineering on this atomic layer through a H2O2 etching treatment can excitingly change the CO2 photoreduction reaction pathway to steer dominant generation of ethene with the yield-based selectivity reaching ~73% and the electron-based selectivity as high as ~89%. Both DFT calculation and in-situ FTIR spectra demonstrate that as the introduction of S vacancies in AgInP2S6 causes the charge accumulation on the Ag atoms near the S vacancies, the exposed Ag sites can thus effectively capture the forming *CO molecules. It makes the catalyst surface enrich with key reaction intermediates to lower the C-C binding coupling barrier, which facilitates the production of ethene.
UbiB proteins regulate cellular CoQ distribution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kemmerer Zachary A. , Robinson Kyle P. , Schmitz Jonathan M. , Manicki Mateusz , Paulson Brett R. , Jochem Adam , Hutchins Paul D. , Coon Joshua J. , Pagliarini David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBeyond its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) serves as a key membrane-embedded antioxidant throughout the cell. However, how CoQ is mobilized from its site of synthesis on the inner mitochondrial membrane to other sites of action remains a longstanding mystery. Here, using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, biochemical fractionation, and lipid profiling, we identify two highly conserved but poorly characterized mitochondrial proteins, Ypl109c (Cqd1) and Ylr253w (Cqd2), that reciprocally affect this process. Loss of Cqd1 skews cellular CoQ distribution away from mitochondria, resulting in markedly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress caused by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas loss of Cqd2 promotes the opposite effects. The activities of both proteins rely on their atypical kinase/ATPase domains, which they share with Coq8—an essential auxiliary protein for CoQ biosynthesis. Overall, our results reveal protein machinery central to CoQ trafficking in yeast and lend insights into the broader interplay between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.
m6Am-seq reveals the dynamic m6Am methylation in the human transcriptome
Authors: Sun Hanxiao , Li Kai , Zhang Xiaoting , Liu Jun’e , Zhang Meiling , Meng Haowei , Yi Chengqi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractN6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), a terminal modification adjacent to the mRNA cap, is a newly discovered reversible RNA modification. Yet, a specific and sensitive tool to directly map transcriptome-wide m6Am is lacking. Here, we report m6Am-seq, based on selective in vitro demethylation and RNA immunoprecipitation. m6Am-seq directly distinguishes m6Am and 5′-UTR N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and enables the identification of m6Am at single-base resolution and 5′-UTR m6A in the human transcriptome. Using m6Am-seq, we also find that m6Am and 5′-UTR m6A respond dynamically to stimuli, and identify key functional methylation sites that may facilitate cellular stress response. Collectively, m6Am-seq reveals the high-confidence m6Am and 5′-UTR m6A methylome and provides a robust tool for functional studies of the two epitranscriptomic marks.
Biotic threats for 23 major non-native tree species in Europe
Authors: Pötzelsberger Elisabeth , Gossner Martin M. , Beenken Ludwig , Gazda Anna , Petr Michal , Ylioja Tiina , La Porta Nicola , Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Bay Elodie , De Groot Maarten , Drenkhan Rein , Duduman Mihai-Leonard , Enderle Rasmus , Georgieva Margarita , Hietala Ari M. , Hoppe Björn , Jactel Hervé , Jarni Kristjan , Keren Srđan , Keseru Zsolt , Koprowski Marcin , Kormuťák Andrej , Lombardero María Josefa , Lukjanova Aljona , Marozas Vitas , Mauri Edurad , Monteverdi Maria Cristina , Nygaard Per Holm , Ogris Nikica , Olenici Nicolai , Orazio Christophe , Perny Bernhard , Pinto Glória , Power Michael , Puchalka Radoslaw , Ravn Hans Peter , Sevillano Ignacio , Stroheker Sophie , Taylor Paul , Tsopelas Panagiotis , Urban Josef , Voolma Kaljo , Westergren Marjana , Witzell Johanna , Zborovska Olga , Zlatkovic Milica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.
Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain
Authors: Rubio Jose E. , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Sajja Venkata Siva Sai Sujith , Van Albert Stephen , Rossetti Franco , Skotak Maciej , Alay Eren , Sundaramurthy Aravind , Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Long Joseph B. , Chandra Namas , Reifman Jaques 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head (i.e., a direct mechanism) or with the torso (i.e., an indirect mechanism) presumably causes traumatic brain injury. However, the understanding of the potential role of each mechanism in causing this injury is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the changes in the brain tissue of rats resulting from the direct and indirect mechanisms at 24 h following blast exposure. To this end, we conducted separate blast-wave exposures on rats in a shock tube at an incident overpressure of 130 kPa, while using whole-body, head-only, and torso-only configurations to delineate each mechanism. Then, we performed histopathological (silver staining) and immunohistochemical (GFAP, Iba-1, and NeuN staining) analyses to evaluate brain-tissue changes resulting from each mechanism. Compared to controls, our results showed no significant changes in torso-only-exposed rats. In contrast, we observed significant changes in whole-body-exposed (GFAP and silver staining) and head-only-exposed rats (silver staining). In addition, our analyses showed that a head-only exposure causes changes similar to those observed for a whole-body exposure, provided the exposure conditions are similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that the direct mechanism is the major contributor to blast-induced changes in brain tissues.
Music influences vividness and content of imagined journeys in a directed visual imagery task
Authors: Herff Steffen A. , Cecchetti Gabriele , Taruffi Liila , Déguernel Ken 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDirected, intentional imagination is pivotal for self-regulation in the form of escapism and therapies for a wide variety of mental health conditions, such anxiety and stress disorders, as well as phobias. Clinical application in particular benefits from increasing our understanding of imagination, as well as non-invasive means of influencing it. To investigate imagination, this study draws from the prior observation that music can influence the imagined content during non-directed mind-wandering, as well as the finding that relative orientation within time and space is retained in imagination. One hundred participants performed a directed imagination task that required watching a video of a figure travelling towards a barely visible landmark, and then closing their eyes and imagining a continuation of the journey. During each imagined journey, participants either listened to music or silence. After the imagined journeys, participants reported vividness, the imagined time passed and distance travelled, as well as the imagined content. Bayesian mixed effects models reveal strong evidence that vividness, sentiment, as well imagined time passed and distances travelled, are influenced by the music, and show that aspects of these effects can be modelled through features such as tempo. The results highlight music’s potential to support therapies such as Exposure Therapy and Imagery Rescripting, which deploy directed imagination as a clinical tool.
Cardiopulmonary coupling indices to assess weaning readiness from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Armañac-Julián Pablo , Hernando David , Lázaro Jesús , de Haro Candelaria , Magrans Rudys , Morales John , Moeyersons Jonathan , Sarlabous Leonardo , López-Aguilar Josefina , Subirà Carles , Fernández Rafael , Orini Michele , Laguna Pablo , Varon Carolina , Gil Eduardo , Bailón Raquel , Blanch Lluís 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ideal moment to withdraw respiratory supply of patients under Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Units (ICU), is not easy to be determined for clinicians. Although the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) provides a measure of the patients’ readiness, there is still around 15–20% of predictive failure rate. This work is a proof of concept focused on adding new value to the prediction of the weaning outcome. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Cardiopulmonary Coupling (CPC) methods are evaluated as new complementary estimates to assess weaning readiness. The CPC is related to how the mechanisms regulating respiration and cardiac pumping are working simultaneously, and it is defined from HRV in combination with respiratory information. Three different techniques are used to estimate the CPC, including Time-Frequency Coherence, Dynamic Mutual Information and Orthogonal Subspace Projections. The cohort study includes 22 patients in pressure support ventilation, ready to undergo the SBT, analysed in the 24 h previous to the SBT. Of these, 13 had a successful weaning and 9 failed the SBT or needed reintubation –being both considered as failed weaning. Results illustrate that traditional variables such as heart rate, respiratory frequency, and the parameters derived from HRV do not differ in patients with successful or failed weaning. Results revealed that HRV parameters can vary considerably depending on the time at which they are measured. This fact could be attributed to circadian rhythms, having a strong influence on HRV values. On the contrary, significant statistical differences are found in the proposed CPC parameters when comparing the values of the two groups, and throughout the whole recordings. In addition, differences are greater at night, probably because patients with failed weaning might be experiencing more respiratory episodes, e.g. apneas during the night, which is directly related to a reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, results suggest that the traditional measures could be used in combination with the proposed CPC biomarkers to improve weaning readiness.
refineR: A Novel Algorithm for Reference Interval Estimation from Real-World Data
Authors: Ammer Tatjana , Schützenmeister André , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Rauh Manfred , Rank Christopher M. , Zierk Jakob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReference intervals are essential for the interpretation of laboratory test results in medicine. We propose a novel indirect approach to estimate reference intervals from real-world data as an alternative to direct methods, which require samples from healthy individuals. The presentedrefineRalgorithm separates the non-pathological distribution from the pathological distribution of observed test results using an inverse approach and identifies the model that best explains the non-pathological distribution. To evaluate its performance, we simulated test results from six common laboratory analytes with a varying location and fraction of pathological test results. Estimated reference intervals were compared to the ground truth, an alternative indirect method (kosmic), and the direct method (N = 120 and N = 400 samples). Overall,refineRachieved the lowest mean percentage error of all methods (2.77%). Analyzing the amount of reference intervals within ± 1 total error deviation from the ground truth,refineR(82.5%) was inferior to the direct method with N = 400 samples (90.1%), but outperformedkosmic(70.8%) and the direct method with N = 120 (67.4%). Additionally, reference intervals estimated from pediatric data were comparable to published direct method studies. In conclusion, therefineRalgorithm enables precise estimation of reference intervals from real-world data and represents a viable complement to the direct method.
The experience of children with a parent suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Testoni Ines , Palazzo Lorenza , Ronconi Lucia , Rossi Gabriella , Ferizoviku Jenny , Morales Jose Ramon Pernia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChildren that have a parent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) suffer from the progressive loss of their beloved ones. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the difficulties faced by these children have increased. The study aimed to detect whether there were differences between the minors experiencing a relative’s ALS and the minors with no experience of ALS and it aimed also to detect the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these minors. The study involved Italian participants, in particular: the target group consisted of 38 children (7–18 years) (T0/T1); the control group consisted of 38 children (9–14 years) (T0 only). The following variables were measured: attachment with the Security Scale (SS), affects with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), behavioural problems with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), death representation with Testoni Death Representation Scale for Children (TDRS-C), self-concept with the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (MSCS), resilience and socio-emotional skills with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). The results showed higher negative affectivity (p < .001), externalising behaviours (p < .05), uncertainty in reflective function (p < .05) in the target group compared to the control one; after the COVID-19 pandemic minors in the target group showed reduced certainty of mental states (p < .05) and interpersonal and scholastic self-esteem (p < .05). The impact of ALS on these minors is significant and produces negative affect, externalizing behaviours and uncertainty of mental states. The lockdown situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated minors in their school and interpersonal self-esteem.
Automatic airway segmentation from computed tomography using robust and efficient 3-D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Garcia-Uceda Antonio , Selvan Raghavendra , Saghir Zaigham , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , de Bruijne Marleen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a fully automatic and end-to-end optimised airway segmentation method for thoracic computed tomography, based on the U-Net architecture. We use a simple and low-memory 3D U-Net as backbone, which allows the method to process large 3D image patches, often comprising full lungs, in a single pass through the network. This makes the method simple, robust and efficient. We validated the proposed method on three datasets with very different characteristics and various airway abnormalities: (1) a dataset of pediatric patients including subjects with cystic fibrosis, (2) a subset of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial, including subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and (3) the EXACT’09 public dataset. We compared our method with other state-of-the-art airway segmentation methods, including relevant learning-based methods in the literature evaluated on the EXACT’09 data. We show that our method can extract highly complete airway trees with few false positive errors, on scans from both healthy and diseased subjects, and also that the method generalizes well across different datasets. On the EXACT’09 test set, our method achieved the second highest sensitivity score among all methods that reported good specificity.
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: a spontaneous model of synucleinopathy
Authors: Fortin Jessica S. , Hetak Ashley A. , Duggan Kelsey E. , Burglass Caroline M. , Penticoff Hailey B. , Schott Harold C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEquine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a common endocrine disease of aged horses that shows a similar pathophysiology as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) with increased levels of α-synuclein (α-syn). While α-syn is thought to play a pathogenic role in horses with PPID, it is unclear if α-syn is also misfolded in the pars intermedia and could similarly promote self-aggregation and propagation. Consequently, α-syn was isolated from the pars intermedia from groups of healthy young and aged horses, and aged PPID-afflicted horses. Seeding experiments confirmed the prion-like properties of α-syn isolated from PPID-afflicted horses. Next, detection of α-syn fibrils in pars intermedia via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was exclusive to PPID-afflicted horses. A bank of fragment peptides was designed to further characterize equine α-syn misfolding. Region 62–87 of equine and human α-syn peptides was found to be most prone to aggregation according to Tango bioinformatic program and kinetics of aggregation via a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. In both species, fragment peptide 62–87 is capable of generating mature fibrils as demonstrated by TEM. The combined animal, bioinformatic, and biophysical studies provide evidence that equine α-syn is misfolded in PPID horses.