bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a ceramic active self-ligating bracket on retraction/tipping/ rotation of canine, premolar mesialization, and transverse arch dimensions
Authors: Moradinejad Mehrnaz , Ghorani Nasim , Heidarpour Majid , Noori Meysam , Rakhshan Vahid 
Published: October 2021

Background:
There is no clinical study on ceramic self-ligating brackets (SLBs). Therefore, this preliminary study was conducted for the first time to address its effects.

Materials and Methods:
This split-mouth randomized trial was performed on 32 quadrants in 16 orthodontic patients needing extraction of maxillary premolars and distalization of canines. In each blinded patient, right/left sides were randomized into control (ceramic bracket) and experimental (ceramic SLB) groups. Dental stone models were taken before canine retraction and 3 months into retraction. Models were digitized as three-dimensional models. Changes were measured on superimposed models. Groups were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = 0.05, β = 0.1).

Results:
Both bracket types caused significant changes after 3 months in terms of all assessed clinical outcomes (P ≤ 0.002). Compared to conventional ceramic brackets (control), ceramic SLBs reduced retraction rate (P = 0.001), canine rotation (P = 0.001), canine tipping (P = 0.002), and arch expansion at the canine site (P = 0.003). However, the extents of anchorage loss (P = 0.796) and arch constriction in the premolar area (P = 0.605) were not statistically different between the bracket types.

Conclusion:
Compared to conventional metal-lined ceramic brackets, active ceramic SLB can increase the duration of canine distalization, while reducing canine rotation and tipping (inducing more bodily movements). The loss of anchorage with ceramic SLB was similar to that of conventional ceramic bracket after 3 months of treatment (considering the lower rate of SLB canine retraction during that time). Both brackets similarly constricted the arch at the premolar site. In the canine area, they expanded the arch, with the SLB causing smaller extents of expansion.
Comparison of full rotation and reciprocating movements in regaining apical patency during endodontic retreatment
Authors: Nouri Hadi , Amini Kamal , Jahromi Maryam Zare 
Published: October 2021

Background:
This study aimed to compare the continuous rotation and reciprocating movements of rotary files in achieving apical patency in root canal retreatment.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 64 extracted mandibular molars. The teeth were prepared up to F3 with ProTaper Universal and obturated using lateral compaction technique. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 16) based on the mesiobuccal canal curvature (Schneider's method) and type of rotational movement. Groups 1 and 2 included straight canal teeth retreated with WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Universal Retreatment system, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 included teeth with moderately curved root canals retreated with WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Universal, respectively. Apical patency was ensured by observing the tip of a hand K-file at the apical foramen. Data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Apical patency was successfully achieved in all 16 teeth in group 1 (100%) and 15 teeth in group 2 (93.75%). No significant difference was noted between continuous rotation and reciprocating movements in straight canals (P = 1.00). Apical patency was successfully achieved in 15 teeth in group 3 (93.75%) and 12 teeth in group 4 (75%). No significant difference was noted between continuous rotation and reciprocating movements in moderately curved canals either (P = 0.333).

Conclusion:
Both continuous rotation and reciprocating movements are equally effective in achieving apical patency in straight or moderately curved mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molars.
Regeneration of dentin-pulp complex by using dental pulp stem cells in dog
Authors: Nazhvani Fatemeh Dehghani , Kazempour Setareh , Hosseini Seyed-Mojtaba , Nazhvani Ali Dehghani , Haddadi Pardis 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Although missing tooth is not life-threatening, it affects the quality of daily life. Stem cells have emerged as an important player in the generation and maintenance of many tissues. The role of scaffolds has changed from a passive carrier to a bioactive matrix, which can be used to induce cellular behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of regeneration of dentin-pulp complex with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in an animal model.

Materials and Methods:
In this animal study after extraction of DPSCs and cultivation, 10 types of scaffolds were made by using platelet-rich plasma (PRP), cancellous bone, and collagen pad. They were inserted in different parts of the dog's mouth. After the 4th month, the area was operated, and the scaffolds were removed.

Results:
Microscopic examination revealed no sign of cell differentiation and formation of new structures in those models which used collagen scaffolds. However, the dentin-pulp complex emerged in models that the combination of bone scaffolds and PRP or stem cells was used.

Conclusion:
Using bone scaffolds in combination with PRP or DPSCs to regenerate dentin-pulp complex in dog helped odontoblastic and pulpal differentiation as well as the formation of predentin and tubular dentin.
Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the flexural strength of resin-based restorative materials
Authors: Haghi Haleh Valizadeh , Peeri-Dogaheh Hadi , Fazlalizadeh Sheida , Abazari Malek , Mohammadhosseini Reza 
Published: October 2021

Background:
There are a limited number of studies about the effects of microbial aging on the mechanical properties of restorative materials. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated aging with Streptococcus mutans on the flexural strength of different resin-based materials.

Materials and Methods:
This experimental study was performed on the blocks of different types of restorative materials including composite resin, giomer, and a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Moreover, three types of aging, such as 30-day storage in distilled water, S. mutans, and germ-free culture medium, were used in this study. The three-point bending flexural strength of the specimens before and after aging was measured according to the International Organization for Standardization-4049 standard. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Results showed that the 30-day aging with the S. mutans significantly reduced the flexural strength of all three types of materials (P = 0.00). In all restorative materials, storage in a bacteria-free culture medium acted the same as distilled water, and there was no significant difference between these two solutions in terms of the flexural strength of the material, compared to the before-aging strength (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between S. mutans-based aging and distilled water aging regarding RMGI (P = 0.75).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that aging by S. mutans reduced the flexural strength in all three restorative materials.
Bone health in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bhise Shruti , Jain Ashish , Savardekar Lalita , Shetty Naman S. , Shah Ira 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the bone health in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 31 HIV-infected children aged 5–18 years. Each patient underwent testing for serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, and 25(OH) Vitamin D. Bone mineral density (BMD) was done using a DXA scanner. Patients' z scores for BMD of the lumbar spine and left femoral neck were noted. The factors associated with low BMD were analyzed.

Results:
Seven (22.6%) children had a low spinal BMD and 6 (19.4%) had low femoral neck BMD. Low serum calcium was seen in 6 (19.4%) patients and high alkaline phosphatase was seen in 15 (48.4%) patients. Low serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D levels were present in 30 (96.8%) patients, whereas all the patients had normal serum phosphorous. Duration of ART in those with low spinal BMD was 4.6 ± 3.4 years as compared to 6.4 ± 3.2 years in those with normal spinal BMD (P = 0.235) and for low left femoral neck BMD was 3.9 ± 2 years as compared to 6.5 ± 3.4 years for those with normal femoral neck BMD (P = 0.031). Mean 25(OH) Vitamin D levels were 8.4 ± 2.8 ng/ml in those with low femoral neck BMD as compared to 13.6 ± 8.3 ng/ml in those with normal femoral neck BMD (P = 0.015). Type of ART did not have any association with low BMD.

Conclusion:
Over 95% of HIV-infected children have low 25(OH) Vitamin D levels which affect the appendicular BMD. BMD is affected more in children who have been on ART for a shorter time. No particular ART regimen is associated with low BMD.
Bone Marrow Aspiration Using 18g Lumbar Puncture Needle
Authors: Panda Sasmita , Besra Kusumbati , Kar Asaranti , Dasnayak Goutami , Dash Sashibhusan , Samantaray Sagarika , Rout Niranjan 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) has an important role in the investigation and diagnosis of hematologic as well as nonhematologic malignancies and various other diseases. The procedure varies from one setting and person to the other.

AIMS:
The aim of the study is to study the role of 18G lumbar puncture (LP) needle in the diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in hematologic malignancies and metastasis for certain solid tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
During this hospital-based retrospective study, 708 patients who clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with the malignant lesion and subsequently undergone BMA were included in this study.

RESULTS:
BMA was done in 607 patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies and 101 patients diagnosed with nonhematologic malignancies. Adequate marrow material was obtained in the first attempt in 683 (96.5%) cases. Multiple aspirations were needed in 25 (3.5%) cases. The majority (86.3%) of the patients experienced less pain by the 18 G LP needle compared to their previous experience with the conventional BMA needle. Needle breakage was not seen in any of the cases.

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study suggest that the 18G LP needle can be easily adopted for BMA and could be a great help in significantly reducing pain and complications in patients undergoing BMA.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Nucleophosmin Gene-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Pandit Sudarshan , Wasekar Niles , Badarkhe Girish , Ramesh Yasam Venkata , Nagarkar Raj 
Published: October 2021

Association of cancer and thrombotic complications in acute leukemia is not uncommon. The underlying mechanism involved in thrombus formations is largely unknown with limited published data. Our patient was presented with complaints of continuous headache and persistent projectile vomiting. After initial tests, a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed revealed cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Anticoagulant and anticonvulsant prophylaxis was initiated, and further treatment was planned. In such rare cases, early diagnosis and management are desirable. The role of clinicians in identifying the clinically suspicious signs and symptoms can help in identifying such rare conditions before developing severe thromboembolic complications. In the present study, we report a rare case of cerebral venous thrombosis, its associated treatment, and complications in a patient diagnosed with nucleophosmin gene-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

Similar Cases Published:
None.
The Efficacy of Pentazocine + Diclofenac Versus Paracetamol + Diclofenac for Post- Caesarean Section Analgesia
Authors: Garba Jamila Abubakar , Panti Abubakar Abubakar , Nnadi Daniel C. , Ango Ibrahim G. , Tunau Karima A. , Bello Saratu , Zubairu Saad , Nasir Asmau'u Muhammad , Ibrahim Rukayya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The most common major obstetric procedure is caesarean section (CS) and one of the greatest concerns for women after CS is to have optimal pain relief.

Aim:
This study aims to compare the efficacy of pentazocine + diclofenac and paracetamol + diclofenac on post-operative analgesia after CS.

Methodology:
This was a single-blind, randomised trial. Pregnant women that had CS were randomized into two groups. Group A received intramuscular pentazocine + rectal diclofenac postoperatively. Group B received intramuscular paracetamol + rectal diclofenac postoperatively. Post-operative pain was assessed by numeric rating scale at 1 h after the surgery, at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The result obtained was analysed using SPSS Version 22 and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The median pain scores in both groups ranged from 2 to 3 across all periods of assessment. The pain relief was slightly better in the pentazocine + diclofenac group with no significant difference in the pain score between the two groups at all periods of assessment. The satisfaction level was good in 66.3% and 69.5% of the participants in the pentazocine + diclofenac and paracetamol + diclofenac group respectively but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 4.14, P = 0. 12). Nausea, vomiting and drowsiness were significantly more in the pentazocine + diclofenac combination (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Both combination of analgesics provided adequate analgesia but pentazocine + diclofenac combination had better pain relief but was more associated with side effects.
Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Using Water as the Irrigation Fluid
Authors: Jeje Emmanuel A. , Alabi Taiwo O. , Ojewola Rufus W. , Ogunjimi Moses A. , Tijani Kehinde H. , Asiyanbi Gabriel K. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) has been the gold standard of surgical intervention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with the indication for surgery. This can be achieved using varieties of irrigation fluids.

Objectives:
To document our experience with M-TURP using water as irrigation fluid in 123 consecutive patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study of all patients who had M-TURP with water as irrigation fluid was performed between January 2017 and July 2019. Information retrieved from theatre records and case notes includes patient's socio-demographic data, indications for surgery, intra-operative findings, the volume of resected chips and irrigation fluid used, post-operative complications and patient's satisfaction with the outcome of the procedure. These data were analysed using SPSS version 23.

Results:
Data from 123 patients were analysed and presented. The age range was 44–96 years with a mean of 69 years. Prostate volume ranges from 13.9 to 276.00 mls with a mean of 95.69 mls while resected prostate volume ranges from 2.0 to 158.0 mls with a mean of 56.68 mls. Volume of the sterile water used as irrigation fluid ranged from 5.0 L to 174.0 L with a mean of 68.7 L. Mean reduction in International Prostate Symptoms Score, improvement in Q-max and reduction in post-void residual urine were 22.1, 16.9 and 141.6 mls, respectively. Transfusion rate was 6.5% while the duration of admission ranges from 1 to 6 days, with a mean of 2.5 days. The overall complication rate was 26.0%. Ninety-six percent were satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusion:
M-TURP using water as irrigation fluid is safe and is as good as using the more rather expensive glycine or normal saline in bipolar TURP.
Profile of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Infections in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Maiduguri
Authors: Ibrahim Halima Abubakar , Yakubu Yakubu Mohammed , Farouk Abubakar Garba , Ambe Pwavimbo , Gadzama Galadima Bala 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in African children. Infection has been found to be a major cause of hospitalisation, a major precipitant of crises and one of the greatest causes of death among SCD patients at all ages.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial infection, pattern of the isolates and the antibiotic sensitivity of isolated bacteria among children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study carried out in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. A total of 242 hospitalised children with SCA with symptoms and signs of infection were recruited for the study using consecutive sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. Blood, urine, aspirates, swabs and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected based on their clinical presentation and subjected to microbiological analysis.

Results:
A total of 242 patients were studied. The age range was 9 months–15 years, with a mean age of 6.36 years ± 3.75 years. Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.14, with 41.7% of them belonging to low social class. Seventy seven of the 242 had confirmed bacterial infection giving an incidence of bacterial infection in SCA patients of 31.8%. Gram-negative organisms accounted for 64.5% of the isolates and they include Salmonella, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Coliforms. However, Staphylococcus aureus (32.9%) was the most frequent microorganism isolated, followed by Salmonella, (20.3%), Klebsiella (12.6%) and Coliforms (12.6%). Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime and gentamicin showed more than 50% activity against the isolated bacterial pathogens while chloramphenicol was found to have low activity against Salmonella.

Conclusion:
High index of suspicion of bacterial infection should be borne in mind of the attending physician when children with SCA present with features of infection. Detailed clinical evaluation and appropriate sample collection for microbiological analysis are recommended. Empirical treatment should be started on SCA patients who have clinical evidence of infection and should be broad enough to cover for common bacterial pathogens.
The Efficacy of Oral Naproxen and Cervical Lidocaine Spray on Perceived Pain during Hysterosalpingography
Authors: Jayeola David Kehinde , Bello Temitope Olugbenga , Oyedepo Victor Olufemi , Famurewa Olusola Comfort 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of oral naproxen and cervical lidocaine spray during hysterosalpingography (HSG) compared to the use of oral naproxen or cervical lidocaine spray alone. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised controlled study was carried out using a total of 240 patients who were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 received cervical lidocaine spray only, Group 2 received oral naproxen only, Group 3 received cervical lidocaine spray and naproxen tablet, whereas Group 4 was the control group. A visual analogue scale was used for subjective pain assessment at three pre-defined steps.

Results:
The mean pain scores of the patients in each of the four groups are Group 1 (3.6 ± 2.0, 5.1 ± 1.8, 5.8 ± 2.2); Group 2 (2.7 ± 1.4, 3.6 ± 2.0 and 3.9 ± 1.9); Group 3 (2.8 ± 1.5, 3.4 ± 2.0 and 4.2 ± 2.3); Group 4 (4.7 ± 1.7, 5.9 ± 1.7 and 5.3 ± 1.7) at T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Pain perception was statistically significantly reduced by naproxen and combined naproxen plus lidocaine spray at all the stages of HSG while cervical lidocaine spray had a statistically significant reduction in pain perception only during cervical instrumentation.

Conclusion:
Oral naproxen and combined naproxen plus cervical lidocaine spray were effective in reducing HSG-associated pain during all the stages of HSG. However, combined oral naproxen and lidocaine spray did not show superior efficacy over oral naproxen alone. Cervical lidocaine spray was not an effective method.
Factors Determining Sexual Behaviour amongst Siddi Tribe Migrating to Udupi District, India
Authors: Dmello Mackwin Kenwood , Kumar Sudeep , Badiger Sanjeev , Purushottam Jagannath 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Afro-Indians, locally known as Siddi, are the tribal community descended from the Bantu populace from eastern Africa found in Goa, Gujarat and Karnataka along the Indian west coast. This study determines knowledge, attitude and sexual behaviour amongst the Siddi population in the Udupi district.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019; men and women aged above 18 years who lived in the locality at the time of the survey were included in the study.

Results:
A total of 108 Siddi individuals participated in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 31.8 ± 9.5 years. More than half (51.8%) of the respondents received information on sexual matters through friends. Awareness regarding the usage of condoms and other preventive measures was poor (34.7%). Around 65.7% of the respondents felt that sex education in school encourages sex amongst youngsters. The mean age at the first sexual intercourse amongst men and women was 20.3 years and 16.2 years, respectively. About 18.7% of the respondents had sex with a new partner in the migrated place within the last 1 month, of which 80% were married. Only 5% of the respondents used condoms while indulging in sex with a new partner at the migrated place. Factors such as age at marriage, age at the first sexual act and attitude towards sexual activity were significantly associated with a new sex partner at the arrival site.

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of unsafe sexual practices amongst the migrated Siddi tribe at the place of destination. This poses the risk of sexually transmitted infections amongst the migrant tribes and local communities at the place of destination and the location of origin. The study finding shows that measures should be taken to create awareness, and change in attitude towards sexual matter should be channelised at an early age amongst the Siddi population.
A -seeley-extension-theorem for Bastiani’s differential calculus
Authors: Hanusch Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe generalize a classical extension result by Seeley in the context of Bastiani’s differential calculus to infinite dimensions. The construction follows Seeley’s original approach, but is significantly more involved as not only$C^k$-maps (for) on (subsets of) half spaces are extended, but also continuous extensions of their differentials to some given piece of boundary of the domains under consideration. A further feature of the generalization is that we construct families of extension operators (instead of only one single extension operator) that fulfill certain compatibility (and continuity) conditions. Various applications are discussed as well.