bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring providers’ perceived barriers to utilization of antenatal and delivery services in urban and rural communities of Ebonyi state, Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Eke Pearl Chizobam , Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Eze Irene Ifeyinwa , Ogbonnaya Lawrence Ulu 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo determine providers’ perceived barriers to utilization of antenatal and delivery services in urban and rural communities of Ebonyi state, Nigeria.MethodsA descriptive exploratory study design was used. Qualitative data was collected through the use of a pre-tested interview guide. Twelve providers participated in the study in urban and rural communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. They included nine officers in charge of primary health centers, two Chief Nursing Officers of a tertiary health institution and mission hospital and one Medical Officer-in-charge of a General hospital. QDA Miner Lite v2.0.6 was used in the analysis of the data.ResultsMost providers in urban and rural communities attributed good utilization of maternal health services to delivery of quality care. Most providers in urban linked poor utilization to poor health seeking behavior of women. In rural, poor utilization was credited to poor attitude of health workers. Few of participants (urban and rural) pointed out the neglect of primary health centers resulting in poor utilization. Most participants (urban and rural) considered ignorance as the main barrier to using health facilities for antenatal and delivery services. Another constraint identified was cost of services. Most participants attested that good provider attitude and public enlightenment will improve utilization of health facilities for antenatal and delivery care. All participants agreed on the need to involve men in matters related to maternal healthcare.ConclusionsParticipants were aware of values of good provider attitude and this is commendable. This combined with the finding of poor attitude of health workers necessitates that health workers should be trained on quality of care. There is need for public enlightenment on need to utilize health facilities for antenatal and delivery services. Community ownership of primary health centers especially in rural communities will enhance utilization of such facilities for maternal healthcare services and should be encouraged. Involvement of men in matters related to maternal healthcare may have a positive influence in improving maternal health in Nigeria.
Impact of paravertebral blocks on analgesic and non-analgesic outcomes after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A propensity matched cohort study
Authors: Ranganath Yatish S. , Ramanujam Vendhan , Onodera Yoshiko , Keech John , Arshava Evgeny , Parekh Kalpaj R. , Sondekoppam Rakesh V. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundRegional analgesic techniques such as paravertebral blocks (PVBs) have been popularized for analgesia following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In this single center retrospective propensity matched cohort of subjects, we investigate the impact of paravertebral blocks on the analgesic and non-analgesic outcomes.MethodsInstitutional database was queried to identify all patients undergoing VATS between January 2013 and July 2019 and these patients were divided into those who received paravertebral blocks in combination with general anesthesia (GA) [PVB group] and those who received GA without paravertebral blocks [GA group]. Propensity score matching based on common patient confounders were used to identify patients in each group. Primary outcomes of the study were average pain scores and opioid consumption in the first 24 hours. Secondary analgesic outcomes included pain scores and opioid requirements at other timepoints over the first 48 hours. Non analgesic outcomes were obtained from STS General Thoracic Surgery Database and included length of hospital stay, need for ICU admission, composite outcome of any complication during the hospital course and 30-day mortality. Exploratory analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of PVB on analgesia following different types of surgery and as to whether any other covariates had a greater influence on the included patient centered outcomes.Main resultsAfter propensity score matching, a total of 520 patients (260 per group) were selected for the study out of 1095 patients. The opioid consumption in terms of oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) [Median (IQR)] for the first 24 hours was significantly lower with the use of PVB [PVB group– 78.5 (96.75); GA group—127.0 (111.5); p<0.001] while the average pain scores in the first 24 hours did not differ significantly [PVB group—4.71 (2.28); GA group—4.85 (2.30); p = 0.70]. The length of hospital stay, opioid requirements at other timepoints, need for ICU admission in the immediate post-operative period and the composite outcome–‘any complication’ (35% vs 48%) were significantly lower with the use of PVB. Subgroup analysis showed a longer duration of benefit following major lung surgeries compared to others.ConclusionParavertebral blocks reduced the length of stay and opioid consumption up to 48 hours after VATS without significantly impacting pain scores.
Prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adults with Glaucoma attending University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital tertiary eye care and training center, Northwest, Ethiopia 2020
Authors: Tilahun Mikias Mered , Yibekal Betelhem Temesgen , Kerebih Habtamu , Ayele Fisseha Ademassu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adults with glaucoma at Gondar university comprehensive specialized hospital tertiary eye care and training center. Glaucoma predisposes patients to common mental problems and leads to wasteful, costly and inefficient use of medical services and complications of the diagnoses. So, determining the level and factors associated with common mental disorders among glaucoma patient would help to improve and integrate comprehensive ophthalmic services which address common mental disorder in a follow-up visit.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 495 glaucoma patients selected by using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and chart review. Self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorders. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Variables with P<0.05 were considered as factors significantly associated with common mental disorders.

Result
Four hundred sixty-eight patients were included in this study with a response rate of 94.54%. The mean age of the participant was 58 ± 14.11 years. The prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be 29.5% (95% CI 25.4–33.3). Female sex (AOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.66–8.62) (p-value = 0.001), average monthly income of less than 1200 birr (AOR = 6.05 95% CI: 2.26–16.22) (p-value = 0.001), poor level of social support (AOR = 17.39 95% CI: 7.79–38.82) (p-value = 0.001), moderate and high risk of alcohol use (AOR = 10.42 95%CI: 2.74–39.54) (p-value = 0.001), presence of chronic medical illness (AOR = 3.85 95% CI: 2.07–7.16) (p-value = 0.001), receiving both drug and surgical treatment (AOR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.30–4.83) (p-value = 0.006) and presence of systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors use (AOR = 3.16, 95%CI: 1.65–6.06) (p-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with increased level of common mental disorders.

Conclusion
Significant numbers of glaucoma patients have CMD and found significantly associated with socio-economic, ocular and systemic clinical factors. Therefore, the integration of psychosocial care into the current treatment of patients with glaucoma would have a significant advantage to help these patients.
Comic Art in Museums: An Overview
Authors: Kitchen Denis 
Published: May 2021

This 2017 essay by cartoonist, publisher, and curator Denis Kitchen touches on many of the business and practical aspects of comic art exhibitions, as well as providing us with a first-person view of the rapid evolution of comics from early strips to today’s diverse range of award-winning graphic novels. He discusses the importance of exhibit catalogs, particularly Masters of American Comics, the increasing valuation of comic art drawings, importance of collectors, Al Capp (Li’l Abner), R. Crumb, Harvey Kurtzman, Will Eisner, underground comix, having the “eye,” and the importance of narrative. Images: Will Eisner (P’Gel), catalog covers Underground Classics and Masters of American Comics
Substance and Shadow: The Art of the Cartoon
Authors: Walker Brian 
Published: May 2021

Brian Walker was a founder and former director of the Museum of Cartoon Art, where he worked from 1974 to 1992, continuing afterward to curate many important shows. Here, he brings his experienced curator’s eye and life-long knowledge of cartooning to the task of explaining the value of seeing original comic art and the techniques, idioms, and methods of storytelling used in comics from 1843 to the present. This essay was written for the opening of the Billy Ireland Cartoon Museum and Library (2013) Images: Punch cartoon 1843, Mort Walker, drawings from The Lexicon of Comicana.
The Evolution of Comics Art Exhibitions in the United States, 1930–1951
Authors: Munson Kim A. 
Published: May 2021

This 2018 essay by art historian Kim A. Munson shares the details of her research on exhibits of original comic art in U.S. museums and galleries from 1930-1954. This chapter discusses several shows of the 1930’s from Thomas Nast at the Whitney (1932) to the display of the first Walt Disney animation cel purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1939). This chapter discusses World War II exhibits at the Metropolitan. This chapter discusses The Comic Strip: Its Ancient and Honorable Lineage and Present Significance, organized for the American Institute of Graphic Arts by Jessie Gillespie Willing (AIGA, 1942), which is a touring exhibit with historical works, comics, and comic books. Milton Caniff was a pioneer and advocate of comics exhibits representing himself (The Art of Terry and the Pirates 1939-1946) and later with the newly formed National Cartoonist Society organizing many shows including 20,000 Years of Comics (1949 Savings Bond Tour), and American Cartooning (Met Museum, 1951).
Narrative Illustration: The Story of the Comics
Authors: Gaines M. C. 
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains a 1942 article written by publisher M.C. Gaines about the exhibit The Comic Strip: Its Ancient and Honorable Lineage and Present Significance, organized for the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) by Jessie Gillespie Willing, which first opened at the National Arts Club, NY. It was the first known touring exhibit to show comics in art historical context with ancestors like Japanese scrolls, Mayan Panels, and cave paintings alongside contemporary comic strips and comic books. This may have been the first exhibit to include a wide selection of comic books including More Fun, Superman, and Wonder Woman #1. Gaines opines on the educational importance of comics in reply to the decency movements that were attempting to censor comics in this era. Images: Caniff exhibit 1946, Fred Cooper cartoon 1942.
The First International: I Exposicao Internacional de Historias em Quadrinhos
Authors: de Moya Alvaro 
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains the 2017 recollection by curator and professor Alvaro de Moya about the birth and growth of comics fandom in Brazil, and the organization of I Exposicao Internacional de Historias Quadrinhos, the first known international exhibition and comics studies conference held in San Paulo at the Centro Cultura e Progresso with the participation of Will Eisner. de Moya discusses his advocacy for the comics medium during the rest of his career.
Mort Walker, Historian
Authors: Murphy Cullen 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2017 tribute to Mort Walker (Beetle Bailey, Hi & Lois) after his passing, by Cullen Murphy, author of the book Cartoon County: My Father and His Friends in the Golden Age of Make-Believe. This chapter discusses the founding of the Museum of Cartoon Art and Walker’s determination to gain recognition for comic artists, and his efforts at the preservation of original comic art drawings. This chapter explains how Mort began collecting comics drawings as a youth and the importance of comics as a cultural record. Image: art print of Beetle Bailey and Sarge.
Review/Art: Cartoon Masters—Cartoonists Finally Get Some Respect
Authors: Baker Kenneth 
Published: May 2021

This is a review written by the San Francisco Chronicle’s long-time art critic Kenneth Baker of Drawn to Excellence: Masters of Cartoon Art, the first formal exhibition of the Cartoon Art Museum, which opened in 1988 during the National Cartoonist Society’s Rueben Awards weekend. This chapter discusses the abundance of comics shows, high art versus low art, increased value of comic art, comics influence on modern art, and the cultural importance of comics. This chapter includes praise for George Herriman, Cliff Sterrett, Walt Kelly, R.Crumb, Alex Raymond, and Hal Foster.
Comics, Community, and the ToonSeum: An Interview with Joe Wos
Authors: Munson Kim A. 
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains a 2018 interview conducted by art historian Kim A. Munson with Joe Wos, Mazetoons cartoonist, Charles Shultz Museum artist in residence, and founder of the ToonSeum in Pittsburgh (2007). This chapter discusses key exhibitions, running a non-profit Museum, community engagement, outreach to children, importance of geek culture, and speculation on the future of art museums. Image: ToonSeum superhero exhibit, Joe Wos with NCS mural at Overlook Bar, NY.
Hypercomics: The Shape of Comics to Come
Authors: Gravett Paul 
Published: May 2021

In 2010, the British curator, Paul Gravett, stretched the rules established for exhibiting comic art as far as possible, experimenting with the basic elements of sequential art itself. A variation on “gallery comics” (comics created specifically for gallery display), Gravett’s Hypercomics: The Shape of Comics to Come broke comics out of the page-by-page format and played with the concepts of multi-linear narrative and self-guided navigation. Taking its cue from the digital devices that are dominating our attention, Gravett wonders if this style of show might be the future of comics and comics exhibitions. Image: “The Rut” by Dave McKean.
Comics as Art Criticism: The Cartoons of Jonah Kinigstein
Authors: Green Karen , Munson Kim A. 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2018 essay by art historian Kim A. Munson and Karen Green, Curator for Comics and Cartoons at Columbia’s Butler Library, about the satirical cartoons of Jonah Kinigstein, a classically trained painter whose ambitions were frustrated by the New York art world’s obsession with Abstract Expressionism and the lucrative industry that grew up around it. This chapter discusses Kinigstein’s exhibition at the Society of Illustrators, his training and influences, and his protest of the art world by pasting up his bitingly critical cartoons on walls all over SoHo. This chapter includes an interview of his life and career conducted by Karen Green. Images: Kinigstein cartoon and studio photo, Society of Illustrators exterior.
Here Are the Great Women Comic Artists of the United States
Authors: Robbins Trina 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2008 article briefly describing popular women cartoonists by feminist herstorian, author, and curator Trina Robbins. This article was the text of her presentations on women cartoonists in Los Angeles and New York during the all-male Masters of American Comics exhibition and her concurrent show She Draws Comics at MoCCA in NY. This chapter discusses incidents of women left out of articles, exhibits and panels. This chapter lists reasons why comics by women are not taken seriously. Image: She Draws Comics promo.
In Our Own Image, After Our Likeness
Authors: Hatfield Charles 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2010 article by author, scholar, and California State University Northridge professor, Charles Hatfield, recollecting his experience viewing the R. Crumb’s Book of Genesis exhibition at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles and providing in-depth analysis of Crumb’s Genesis book. This chapter discusses narrative in exhibitions, exhibition design, comparison of Crumb’s work with illustrations by Basil Wolverton, Picture Stories from the Bible, The Picture Bible, and DeMille’s film The Ten Commandments. Images: Hammer exhibition photo, comparative panels from Crumb and Wolverton.
Curating Comics Canons: Daniel Clowes and Art Spiegelman’s Private Museums
Authors: Crucifix Benoit 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2017 essay by Belgian comics scholar Benoit Crucifix examining two artist curated shows celebrating their own comics heroes and influences: Eye of the Cartoonist: Daniel Clowes’s Selections from Comics History (Wexner Center in collaboration with the Billy Ireland, 2014) and Le Musée prive d’Art Spiegelman, a selection from Spiegelman’s own collection, accompanied Co-Mix, a major retrospective of his work at the 2012 Angoulême International Comics Festival. This chapter discusses the relationship between museum and archive, cultural role of curator, comics canon, and individual’s comics history. Images: 3 exhibition photos
Co-Mix and Exhibitions: Interview with Art Spiegelman
Authors: Munson Kim A. 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2017 interview conducted by art historian Kim A. Munson with Pulitzer prize winning cartoonist Art Spiegelman about his touring retrospective Co-Mix, exhibition strategies, Masters of American Comics, narrative in exhibits relating to Maus and R. Crumb’s Genesis, Hogarth’s Marriage A-la-Mode paintings, the wordless comics of Si Lewen, and the flattening of art history.
Sly Stone and the Gospel of Funk
Authors: Bolden Tony 
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines Sly Stone as an organic intellectual, that is, a poet-songwriter, imaginative thinker, and visionary artist whose band, Sly and the Family Stone, played a foundational role in creating funk music and the broader cultural aesthetic that exemplified funk. In this regard, the chapter demonstrates how Stone’s approach to music-making, which was largely determined by his extensive background in gospel, played a vital role in his construction of funk. Combining gospel, blues, jazz, and rock, the Family Stone created a new sound that not only fascinated listeners of rock and rhythm and blues but such acclaimed musicians as Miles Davis and Herbie Hancock as well. In addition, the chapter provides biographical information that contextualizes the artists’ development and illuminates the band’s aesthetic. Finally, the chapter provides key information on groundbreaking bass player Larry Graham and trumpeter Cynthia Robinson as well as detailed commentary on momentous recordings and live performances.
Funky Bluesology
Authors: Bolden Tony 
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines Gil Scott-Heron as an exemplar of the socio-political manifestation of the contrarianism in funk aesthetics. Combining biographical information from Scott-Heron’s memoir and interviews, critical methods from literary scholarship, and insights from philosophy, the chapter highlights Scott-Heron’s understanding of the blues as a locus of black aesthetics and political philosophy. In doing so, the chapter illuminates Scott-Heron’s prescience, and examines many of his multiple talents, including poetry, songwriting, singing, and playing keyboards. Unlike most recording artists, however, Scott-Heron was influenced by writers, especially the Black Arts writers who generally believed that artists should create primarily for working-class African Americans. Consequently, he curtailed his budding career as a novelist and shifted his concentration to performing and recording songs and poems in the early 1970s. The chapter includes textual analyses of key recordings as well as discussions of Scott-Heron’s satire and social criticism. Additionally, Bolden highlights musical aspects of Scott-Heron’s appeal, especially the timbre of his voice but also the musicianship of the Midnight Band, which he co-led with longtime collaborator Brian Jackson.
“Raw Power”: Protopunk Transformations of the Blues
Authors: Rapport Evan 
Published: May 2021

Punk’s musical style can be considered as beginning with the transformations to blues resources explored mostly by white baby boomers invested in the sixties counterculture, especially in the northern Midwest, such as the Stooges and the MC5. Their approaches to the blues were a response to the changing stakes of musical expressions of whiteness and Blackness during the 1960s, connected to the social upheaval surrounding so-called white flight to the suburbs and the Second Great Migration of African Americans from the South. Some similar approaches to the blues were also cultivated in New York among musicians such as the Velvet Underground. Their music emphasized riffs, limited harmonic movement, and other features which are described in this chapter as the “Raw Power” approach to punk. But despite punk’s deep musical roots in the blues, the discourse around punk served to obscure these connections.
The cardinality of μ
M,D
‐orthogonal exponentials for the planar four digits
Authors: Liu Jing-Cheng , Liu Yao , Chen Ming-Liang , Wu Sha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the non-spectrality of the self-affine measure

μ

M
,
D

{\mu_{M,D}}

generated by an expanding integer matrix

M
∈

M
2

⁢

(
ℤ
)

{M\in M_{2}(\mathbb{Z})}

with

det
⁡

(
M
)

∉

2
⁢
ℤ

{\det(M)\notin 2\mathbb{Z}}

and the integer digit set

D
=

{

(
0
,
0
)

t

,

(

α
1

,

α
2

)

t

,

(

β
1

,

β
2

)

t

,

(

-

α
1

-

β
1

,

-

α
2

-

β
2

)

t

}

D=\bigl{\{}(0,0)^{t},(\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2})^{t},(\beta_{1},\beta_{2})^{t},(-%
\alpha_{1}-\beta_{1},-\alpha_{2}-\beta_{2})^{t}\bigr{\}}

with

α
1

⁢

β
2

-

α
2

⁢

β
1

≠
0

{\alpha_{1}\beta_{2}-\alpha_{2}\beta_{1}\neq 0}

. Let

η
=

max
⁡

{

s
:

2
s

|

(

α
1

⁢

β
2

-

α
2

⁢

β
1

)

}

{\eta=\max\{s:2^{s}|(\alpha_{1}\beta_{2}-\alpha_{2}\beta_{1})\}}

. We show that if

0
≤
η
≤
2

{0\leq\eta\leq 2}

, then

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
D

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})}

contains at most

2

2
⁢

(

η
+
1

)

{2^{2(\eta+1)}}

mutually orthogonal exponential functions, and the number

2

2
⁢

(

η
+
1

)

{2^{2(\eta+1)}}

is the best. However, the number is strictly less than

2

2
⁢

(

η
+
1

)

{2^{2(\eta+1)}}

if

η
≥
3

{\eta\geq 3}

, and it is related to the order of the matrix M.
Novel gas measurement based on pressure triggered release cycles for biochemical methane potential tests
Authors: Bekmezci Ozan K. , Sapci-Ayas Zehra , Ucar Deniz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to present a novel gas counter and to demonstrate its suitability for biochemical methane potential tests. In this system, the gas to be measured is collected in a chamber enclosed with two one-way solenoid valves and the absolute pressure is continuously monitored. After a trigger pressure is reached, a portion of the gas is released and the amount of the released gas is calculated according to ideal gas law and recorded. Three iterations of the supervisory control and data acquisition unit were constructed and tested for BMP measurement. Although it can be further improved and variations are possible, the presented final version works with eight reactors simultaneously and the recommended maximum gas flow is 1.24 mL/min. For those reactors, the measured/theoretical BMP ratio was 65.3% with 4.2% standard uncertainty, which is subjectively acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the concept is valid and applicable to BMP tests.