bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing long‐term effects of artificial light at night on insects: what is missing and how to get there
Authors: Kalinkat Gregor , Grubisic Maja , Jechow Andreas , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , Schroer Sibylle , Hölker Franz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Widespread and significant declines of insect population abundances and biomass are currently one of the most pressing issues in entomology, ecology and conservation biology. It has been suggested that artificial light at night is one major driver behind this trend.
Recent advances in the gathering and analysis of long‐term data sets of insect population and biomass trends, however, have mostly focused on the effects of climate change and agricultural intensification.
We posit here that adequate assessment of artificial night at light that would be required to evaluate its role as a driver of insect declines is far from trivial. Currently its implementation into entomological monitoring programmes and long‐running ecological experiments is hampered by several challenges that arise due to (i) its relatively late appearance as a biodiversity threat on the research agenda and (ii) the interdisciplinary nature of the research field where biologists, physicists and engineers still need to develop a set of standardised assessment methods that are both biologically meaningful and easy to implement.
As more studies that address these challenges are urgently needed, this article aims to provide a short overview of the few existing studies that have attempted to investigate longer‐term effects of artificial light at night on insect populations.
To improve the quality and relevance of studies addressing artificial light at night and its effect on insects, we present a set of best practise recommendations where this field needs to be heading in the coming years and how to achieve it.
Protein restriction during puberty alters nutritional parameters and affects ovarian and uterine histomorphometry in adulthood in rats
Authors: de Morais Oliveira Diego Augusto , Lupi Luiz Antonio , Silveira Henrique Spaulonci , de Almeida Chuffa Luiz Gustavo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a large part of the population inefficient ingestion of proteins, whether for cultural, aesthetic or economic reasons, is a global concern. Low‐protein diets can cause severe functional complications, mainly during the development and maturation of organs and systems, including the female reproductive system. The present study investigated the effect of nutritional protein restriction during puberty on the oestrous cycle and expression of sex steroid receptors (AR, ERα e ERβ) in ovarian and uterine tissues of adult rats. Protein restriction promoted lower body weight gain, feed efficiency and higher caloric intake. There was an increase in the oestrus phase arrest without changing the total length of the oestrous cycle. The consumption of low‐protein diet also reduced the thickness of the uterine endometrium (uterine epithelium and endometrial stroma) in addition to increasing the number of primary and atretic follicles in the ovaries. Furthermore, the low‐protein diet reduced the levels of androgen receptor (AR) and increased the oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the ovary, while no significant changes were observed in the uterus. Our study reinforces the importance of adequate protein intake during puberty, since physiological changes in this developmental period interfere with the histomorphometry of the ovaries and uteri, possibly resulting in impaired folliculogenesis and fertility in the reproductive period.
Oral mini‐pulse therapy in vitiligo: a systematic review
Authors: Chavez‐Alvarez Sonia , Herz‐Ruelas Maira , Raygoza‐Cortez Ana Karina , Suro‐Santos Yeudiel , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Alvarez‐Villalobos Neri Alejandro , Villarreal‐Martinez Alejandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence supporting the use of alternative treatments for patients with nonstable vitiligo.ObjectiveThis study aimed to review the effects of oral mini‐pulse (OMP) therapy in the management of nonsegmental vitiligo.MethodsThe following databases were searched between inception and May 2020 for relevant studies: Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase. All randomized controlled trials that compared OMP therapy with any other active treatment or placebo for nonstable vitiligo were included. The Cochrane’s risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias (ROB) in selected studies, and the overall quality of evidence of each outcome was assessed using the Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system.ResultsFour studies met our selection criteria. All of them were conducted in India and included 246 patients. OMP therapy included betamethasone or dexamethasone. The duration of treatment was 6 months in all studies. Up to 32% of patients achieved a repigmentation rate of >75% when OMP therapy was administered as monotherapy. No difference was observed between OMP therapy and other treatments in arresting the disease, and weight gain was the most frequent adverse effect. The overall ROB in all included studies was relatively high because of the randomization process, outcome measurement and informed selection of outcomes.ConclusionBased on the findings of these studies, OMP therapy did not demonstrate additional value compared with other treatments. Hence, there is an urgent need to conduct high‐quality clinical trials to evaluate this therapy.
The red blood cell as a novel regulator of human B‐cell activation
Authors: Lennon Charlotte S. , Cao Huan , Hall Andrew M. , Vickers Mark A. , Barker Robert N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNon‐immune cells are increasingly recognized as important in regulating immunity, but the role of red blood cells (RBC) remains relatively unexplored, despite their abundance in the circulation and a cell surface rich in potential ligands. Here, we determine whether RBC influence the activation state of human B cells. Separation of RBC from peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased B‐cell expression of HLA‐DR/DP/DQ, whilst reconstitution reduced the levels of B‐cell activation markers HLA‐DR/DP/DQ, CD86, CD69 and CD40, as well as decreasing proliferative responses and IgM secretion. Inhibition of B cells required contact with RBC and was abrogated by either removal of sialic acids from RBC or blocking the corresponding lectin receptor CD22 on B cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B cells express low levels of CD22 and were less susceptible to inhibition by RBC, which may contribute to their activated phenotype. Taken together, the results identify a novel mechanism that may suppress inappropriate responsiveness of healthy B cells whilst circulating in the bloodstream.
Dental fear among adolescents with cleft
Authors: Corcoran Mirjami , Karki Saujanya , Harila Virpi , Luoto Anni , Ylikontiola Leena , Sándor George K. , Anttonen Vuokko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDental fear is a prevalent phenomenon among children and adolescents globally.AimTo investigate dental fear among 18‐year‐olds with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) at their final follow‐up cleft clinic visit, and to evaluate the association between dental fear and OHRQoL.DesignThis cross‐sectional study included the cohort of children with CLP treated at the Oulu University Hospital Cleft Lip and Palate Center, in northern Finland since 1995. A total of 62 of 64 individuals participated in this study. The validated Finnish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) was used to assess OHRQoL. Dental fear was studied using the validated Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and cognitive vulnerability model (CVM).ResultsAlmost two fifths of the participants reported moderate dental fear. Participants with cleft including lip and participants reporting impact on OHRQoL reported higher mean MDAS scores. In an unadjusted model, adolescents with cleft including lip had risk for higher dental MDAS scores compared with the ones with cleft including only palate.ConclusionsDental fear is common among adolescents with CLP, specifically among those with clefts involving the lip. OHRQoL and dental fear seem to be associated.
Stainless steel crown vs bulk fill composites for the restoration of primary molars post‐pulpectomy: 1‐year survival and acceptance results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Olegário Isabel Cristina , Bresolin Carmela Rampazzo , Pássaro Ana Laura , de Araujo Mariana Pinheiro , Hesse Daniela , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA key factor for the success and longevity of the endodontic treatment is sealing of the cavity after restorative treatment.AimThe aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the 1‐year survival of endodontic treatment in primary molars restored with stainless steel crowns (SSCs) and bulk fill composite resin (BF). As a secondary outcome, the acceptance of both children and parents was evaluated.DesignNinety‐one 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children with at least one primary molar requiring endodontic treatment were selected. Participants were randomized to SSC or BF and evaluated after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. An acceptance questionnaire was completed immediately after the treatment. The primary outcome was the endodontic treatment success, evaluated in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population using the Kaplan‐Meier and non‐inferiority Cox regression analyses, with a non‐inferiority limit of 15%. Sensitivity analysis between the success rates after 1 year was performed using Miettinen‐Nurminen's method. The Mann‐Whitney test was used to compare the treatment acceptance (α = 5%).ResultsThe survival rate after 1 year was BF = 75% and SSC = 88% (HR = 1.41; 90% CI 0.57‐3.43). ITT analysis showed a success rate of BF = 86.7% and SSC = 82.6% (RR = 0.95; 0.78‐1.16). The non‐inferiority hypothesis between the survival of endodontic treatment could not be proved in both analyses (P > .05). The overall acceptance scores did not differ between the restorative groups (P > .05).ConclusionThis study failed to show non‐inferiority of BF compared with the SSC. The materials were well accepted by both children and their parents.
The use of transillumination in mapping demarcated enamel opacities in anterior teeth: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Marouane Omar , Manton David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite intensive efforts for categorizing demarcated enamel opacities, often related to molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), there is a lack of descriptive criteria aiming to describe them physically outside the scope of color and size. This is most likely due to the indices focusing on molar, not anterior, teeth.AimTo map and classify demarcated lesions on permanent anterior teeth using reflected and transilluminated light. The association between classification and related lesion characteristics was also examined.DesignPermanent anterior teeth with demarcated opacities related to MIH were selected. For each tooth, standardized photographs were taken using transmitted and reflected light. Each lesion was mapped and classified according to its color, lesion size, surface integrity, and type. The data were analyzed using the chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk of PEB.ResultsThere were significant relationships between lesion size, color, and type with surface integrity. Lesion type and size were more important than lesion color for assessing the risk of PEB. There was also a significant relationship between lesion size and lesion color.ConclusionsLesion size and type are significant clinical parameters for assessing the risk of PEB on enamel opacities related to MIH.
Social networks and people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Harrison Rachel Abigail , Bradshaw Jill , Forrester‐Jones Rachel , McCarthy Michelle , Smith Sharon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of social networks for health and well‐being, relatively little is known about the ways in which adults with intellectual disabilities in the U.K. experience their social networks.MethodA systematic review was completed to identify research focused on the social networks of adults with intellectual disabilities. Studies published from 1990 to 2019 were identified. Studies were thematically analysed.ResultsQuantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were analysed to identify key factors influencing social networks. Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities identified themes of identity, powerlessness, inclusion, family and support. These themes are discussed with reference to theories of stigma and normalisation.ConclusionsStigma and normalisation can be used to better understand the needs, desires and dreams of people with intellectual disabilities for ordinary relationships, from which they are regularly excluded. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in relation to building and repairing often spoiled identities.
Cross‐validation of best linear unbiased predictions of breeding values using an efficient leave‐one‐out strategy
Authors: Cheng Jian , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Fernando Rohan L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmpirical estimates of the accuracy of estimates of breeding values (EBV) can be obtained by cross‐validation. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) is an extreme case of k‐fold cross‐validation. Efficient strategies for LOOCV of predictions of phenotypes have been developed for a simple model with an overall mean and random marker or animal genetic effects. The objective here was to develop and evaluate an efficient LOOCV method for prediction of breeding values and other random effects under a general mixed linear model with multiple random effects. Conventional LOOCV of EBV requires inverting an (n‐1)×(n‐1) covariance matrix for each of n (= number of observations) data sets. Our efficient LOOCV obtains the required inverses from the inverse of the covariance matrix for all n observations. The efficient method can be applied to complex models with multiple fixed and random effects, but requires fixed effects to be treated as random, with large variances. An alternative is to precorrect observations using estimates of fixed effects obtained from the complete data, but this can lead to biases. The efficient LOOCV method was compared to conventional LOOCV of predictions of breeding values in terms of computational demands and accuracy. For a data set with 3,205 observations and a model with multiple random and fixed effects, the efficient LOOCV method was 962 times faster than the conventional LOOCV with precorrection for fixed effects based on each training data set but resulted in identical EBV. A computationally efficient LOOCV for prediction of breeding values for single‐ and multiple‐trait mixed models with multiple fixed and random effects was successfully developed. The method enables cross‐validation of predictions of breeding values and of any linear combination of random and/or fixed effects, along with leave‐one‐out precorrection of validation phenotypes.
Relative age and specific learning disorder diagnoses: A Finnish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Arrhenius Bianca , Gyllenberg David , Vuori Miika , Tiiri Elina , Lempinen Lotta , Sourander Andre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBeing among the youngest in class has previously been associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic disadvantage, but the relative age effect on learning disorders is less well understood. This study examined whether relatively young children are more likely to be diagnosed with specific learning disorders than their older peers.MethodsThe setting included all 388,650 children born singleton in Finland from 1996 to 2002. Cases diagnosed with specific learning disorders in specialized health care by the age of 10 were identified from national registers. Cumulative incidences of specific learning disorders and the corresponding incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each birth month compared to January.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 3162 (0.8% of 388,650) children were diagnosed with a specific learning disorder. Children born in December displayed higher cumulative incidences for specific learning disorders than children born in January (IRR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.50–2.11). The findings were similar for girls (IRR: 2.01, 1.44–2.83) and boys (IRR: 1.70, 1.39–2.08). ADHD did not explain the association, as the IRR for the youngest children with specific learning disorders and ADHD was 1.59 (1.13–2.26) compared to those without ADHD (IRR: 1.84, 1.51–2.24).ConclusionsRelatively younger children in Finnish schools were more likely to be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder by the age of 10. Increased awareness of how relative age differences affect the likelihood for children to be diagnosed with specific learning disorders is needed among parents, clinicians, and teachers.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in select fresh produce procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia
Authors: Kim Chyer , Almuqati Rehab , Fatani Abeer , Rahemi Alireza , Kaseloo Paul , Wynn Crystal , Nartea Theresa , Ndegwa Eunice , Rutto Laban 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs farmers' markets have increased in size, scope, and complexity, so have potential food‐safety challenges and implications. Most products sold at farmers' markets may receive minimal to no treatment of decontamination which could increase their potential microbial risks. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens in select fresh produce procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. A total of 138 samples produced by 15 farms and sold at 9 registered farmers' markets were obtained between March and November 2017. Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria were, respectively, detected in 8.7, 9.4, and 8.0% of the samples. A total of 46 bacterial isolates consisted of Campylobacter, E. coli, and Listeria were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Ampicillin resistance showed the highest frequency among Campylobacter (100%) and E. coli (47.8%) isolates while nalidixic acid resistance was the highest in Listeria isolates (72.7%). At least 17% of each Campylobacter, E. coli, and Listeria isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). No isolates had matching pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles demonstrating that the E. coli isolates had a high degree of genomic diversity. This study demonstrated a potential health hazard arising from farmers' market‐acquired fresh produce and emphasizes the importance of good agricultural and handling practices to prevent foodborne illness and spread of multidrug antibiotic resistance. Continued research is needed to determine and intervene the cause(s) of the observed prevalence and to support the healthy development of food products sold at farmers' markets.
Menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate inflammation and improve the mortality of acute liver failure combining with A2AR agonist in mice
Authors: Chen Dazhi , Zeng Ruichao , Teng Guigen , Cai Chao , Pan Tongtong , Tu Hanxiao , Lin Hongwei , Du Qingjing , Wang Huahong , Chen Yongping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAcute liver failure (ALF) poses a serious public health issue. The menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) have been applied to cure various liver‐related diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanism are far from clear. This study aims to explore the efficacy and potential mechanism of MenSCs to cure ALF.MethodsWe investigate the potential mechanism of MenSCs on the ALF in vitro and in vivo. A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) activation was investigated as the potential reinforcer for MenSCs treatment. Lipid polysaccharide/d‐galactosamine (d‐GalN) was employed to induce ALF. Diverse techniques were used to measure the inflammatory cytokines and key signaling molecules. Hematoxylin–eosin stain and aminotransaminases were applied to evaluate the liver injury. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the T cells.ResultsThe MenSCs can decrease the lipid polysaccharide‐induced inflammatory cytokine elevation and related signaling molecules in ALF, including TLR4, phosphorylated‐NF‐kBp65 (p‐NF‐kBp65), PI3K, and p‐AKT, p‐mTOR and p‐IKK in vitro. Moreover, MenSCs also can significantly reverse the liver injury, inflammatory cytokines elevation and related signaling molecules increase, and Treg/Th17 ratio decrease in vivo. In addition, MenSCs plus A2AR agonist can enhance the above changes.ConclusionsThe MenSCs can attenuate the ALF‐induced liver injury via inhibition of TLR4‐mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR/IKK signaling. Then, this inhibits the p‐NF‐κBp65 translocate into nuclear, which causes a decrease of inflammatory cytokines release. Moreover, A2AR agonist can play a synergic role with MenSCs and enhance the above‐mentioned effects.
Factors affecting the diagnostic yield of endoscopic transpapillary forceps biopsy in patients with malignant biliary strictures
Authors: Yang Min Jae , Hwang Jae Chul , Lee Dakeun , Kim Young Bae , Yoo Byung Moo , Kim Jin Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTranspapillary biliary forceps biopsy (TBFB) is a common method to obtain histological evidence for the differential diagnosis of biliary stricture. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with a positive cancer diagnosis from TBFB and the number of tissue samples required to increase the diagnostic yield in patients with malignant biliary strictures.MethodsA total of 376 patients who underwent TBFB for investigation of biliary stricture were included. Factors affecting the diagnostic yield of TBFB were determined using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsBile duct cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 3.50, P = 0.002), intraductal growing type (OR = 9.01, P = 0.001), and number of tissue samples (n < 5 vs 5 ≤ n < 10, OR = 4.13, P = 0.01; n < 5 vs n ≥ 10, OR = 12.25, P < 0.001; 5 ≤ n < 10 vs n ≥ 10, OR = 2.97, P = 0.046) were significant factors associated with positive results for malignancy. In patients with periductal infiltrating‐type bile duct cancer, the number of tissue samples was a significant factor for diagnostic sensitivity (54.3% in the n < 5 group, 83.3% in the 5 ≤ n < 10 group and 98.2% in the n ≥ 10 group) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBile duct cancer, intraductal growing type, and five or more tissue samples were significant predictors of positive TBFB results in patients with malignant biliary stricture. Increasing the number of tissue samples by five or more led to higher sensitivity in bile duct cancer patients with the periductal infiltrating type.