bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Monoethylene Glycol /Water Mixtures Employing SRK and PR-EOS with Two Different Mixing Rules
Authors: Hadi Arkan Jasim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA thermodynamic models of binary system carbon dioxide (1) - mixture (monoethylene glycol (MEG)/water) (2) at pressure up to 5 bar and temperatures (288-348 K) are established using SRK and PR equation of state (EOS). Modified van der Waal’s and quadratic mixing rules are coupled with the two Equation of state. Prediction of carbon dioxide in pure water and MEG were studied as well using same equations. Average absolute deviation in liquid-phase compositions percentage AADx % used for adjustable parameter optimization. The predicted results are showed very good agreement with the experimental data in all the systems examined. Quadratic mixing rule in all systems gives AADx % lower than Modified van der Waal’s and the values differences can be ignored.
Assessment of Skin Lesions Segmentation on Database ISIC 2018 by Bee Colony Link
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Abdullah Ahmad S. , Mohammed Jabbar K. , Alanı Nadia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Skin tumours are the utmost public form of cancer and characterizes 50% of completely novel cancers noticed each time. But, if distinguished at a premature step, simple and economic handlings can treatment record skin cancers. Correct skin lesion segmentation is serious in mechanical skin tumour premature detection and analysis schemes. In this study, we present a simulation and optimization of automatic segmentation of skin lesions images on database ISIC 2018 based Median filter (MF) performance with bee colony link. The projected technique can notice the lesion automatically with situation constraints and primary principles by trial and error. Associated to outcomes from our previous study, MF performance gives similar accurateness for without difficulty segmented images and much improved outcomes for images with either developed noise side by side and very minor dimensions lesions. The determination of this paper is to suggest an algorithm for skin tumour analysis and optimize that can categorize lesions as (unhealthy or healthy or suspension) nevi automatically. Our outcomes on examples of skin lesions confirmation that the technique achieves quite healthy and might be useful to automatic fitting of feature ideas for border detection in biomedical images.
Performance Analysis of Quantum Repeaters Based Hybrid Communications Networks
Authors: Kadhim Marwa Hameed , Hasan Jawad A. K. , Alhumaima Raad S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Towards offering efficient optical networks with regards to the cost and delay, the adaptation of quantum and classical communications can offer a solution to reduce high generated cost of implementing the bare quantum repeaters-based networks. In this paper, the performance of hybrid (classical-Quantum) networks that uses quantum repeaters is analysed and compared with bare quantum repeater network. In a distance, these repeaters are removed and replaced with classical base station. Several network metrics have been evaluated after modelling both quantum and hybrid networks, such as the latency, data rate, energy efficiency, scalability, power consumption and cost of implementation. The results show that the hybrid networks can offer faster connectivity, reduced cost, less required cost of operation and higher scalability. In contrary, the bare quantum repeater network showed higher data rate and higher energy efficiency.
Data Disseminated Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm For Avoid Load and Bandwidth Consumption In WSN Integrated IoT Platform
Authors: Jasim Alshamary Haider Ali , Salman Emad Hmood , Allbadi Yousif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the current scenario, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are embedded in the “Internet of Things (IoT) ” platform where sensor nodes automatically link and use the Internet to communicate and execute their activities. WSNs are well suited for the collection of long-term IoT representation environmental data. The WSNs includes wireless communication capabilities, computation process, and nodes with sensing capabilities. Data dissemination methods, power management, and many routing procedures have been mainly designed for WSNs integrated IoT platform. Also, we consider load and bandwidth consumption as an essential issue in our design. Hence, this paper introduces a data disseminated energy-efficient clustering algorithm using multiple parameter decision-making for selecting an optimal clustering algorithm. For the cluster head selection process, we consider different kinds of parameters such as Initial Energy, Average Energy of the Network, Energy Consumption Rate, and Residual Energy. By considering these factors, nodes are continually monitored, and the cluster header is selected according to the maximum energy value. The respective cluster members are chosen in the cluster coverage area using the swarming techniques. In other words, we used swarm techniques as a cluster head selection process to avoid load and bandwidth consumption. The excellence of the system is evaluated using simulation results which show that this introduced method is more effective in terms of preventing bandwidth and load consumption. In this context, we use network simulator 2 (NS2) to simulate different kinds of metrics such as a packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and energy consumption.
Assessment of Stress and Strain Distribution at Crack Tip Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Hammoudi Zaid S. , Alazawi Dhia A. , Mohammed Mohanad Nazhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
DIC program developed to obtain the full-field measurements of displacement, strain, and stress around the crack/defect. In the present work, the tensile test is conducted for two different flat specimens, which were painted by speckle pattern to allow using features of DIC system for strain measurements. Two defected/cracked copper and aluminum samples have been investigated. The experimental rig was especially designed and manufactured to perform the tensile test. A comparison between the results of the technique investigated with the results obtained from open source software (Ncorr & GOM), results obtained from the finite element analysis using (ANSYS) software using, and the exact and analytical solutions. The results achieved by the proposed DIC technique have agreement with other methods. The experiments conducted for two flat Aluminum and Copper plates. The DIP percentage of accuracy varies from (97) % to (99) % with the actual physical measurements. The obtained DIC percentage of accuracy as minimum and maximum were (88) % and (95) % with ANSYS software.
Characteristics Study of Gas Turbine Performance with using surface geothermal energy: Case Study of Iraq
Authors: Hasnawi Al-Rubaye Layth Abed , Azzawi Itimad D J , Al-Samari Ahmed , Mohammed Hussein Burhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aims tray to improve the performance of the Al-Mansourieh gas power plant located in Iraq with a production (4 ×732 MW). By proposing a new (cooling/heating) system for air that entering the compressor by using groundwater (well water) as a renewable energy. FCU-Unit system operates according to the annual season. The calculations for the study was carried out in two stages, the first one included the thermodynamic analysis of the proposed system and finding the optimal design of space for heat exchanger. By another calculation, the amount of cooling water it was between (14.5 - 87) kg / s and the rate of airflow that reached (1.87m3/h). While the second part of this study included calculating the ideal and actual efficiency through the introduction of the actual conditions for the work of the turbine which took into account the pressure losses in the turbine inlet, exhaust pressure losses, combustion chamber pressure losses, combustion efficiency, and compressor and turbine efficiencies. Analytical results showed that heat efficiency and net capacity decrease in proportional to increasing air temperature. While the quantity of specific fuel consumed and the average heat increasing too with increasing air temperature. There for this study encouraging strongly that considering the air cooling before entering the combustion to improve the efficiency.
Effect of input parameters on MRR and EWR for tool steel AISI L2 by electric discharge machine (EDM)
Authors: Aghdeab Shukry H. , Shwaish Raed R. , Salman Tahseen M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electric discharge machine (EDM) or may be call electric spark machine is one of most important of cutting process or manufacturing process because it give high accurate dimension and can be product most complex shape. In this present material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear rate (EWR) for tool steel AISI L2 was study. The input parametric for this process is current, pulse on time and pulse off time. Full factorial method is used to formulate machine parameters and find the optimal process parameters of electric spark. The result show that the MRR is increasing with increasing in current and pulse on time while EWR is decreasing when current and pulse on time is increase. The experimented and predicted values of this process are approximately equal.
Study the flow direction and number of tubes in cross-flow heat exchanger to improve the heat transfer coefficient.
Authors: Merdan Shatha Ali , Kadhim Zena khalefa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study deals with the effects the number of tubes and flow direction on the heat transfer coefficient. This investigation complete by study different lengths of smooth copper tubes (50,100, 150, 200 and 250) mm with different passes (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) for cross flow heat exchanger to attain the best length to heat transfer numerically, by Solid work 2017 and ANSYS 16.1 program. The diameters of outer and inner tubes are (24 and 19 mm), air velocity (3 m/s), volumetric flow rate (5 L/min) and the inlet temperature of cold and hot fluid (25 °C and 80°C) respectively. Also been studying the effect of a smooth and triangle finned tube (4 passes) to enhance the heat transfer. Moreover, studying the effect of up and horizontal direction of the flow on heat transfer, by designing smooth tube 8 passes heat exchanger with the same dimension, air velocity inlet (1 m/s), volumetric flow rate (6 L/min), the temperature of the cold fluid inlet (22 °C) and the temperature of the hot fluid (50 °C). It can be noted that whenever the number of passes of tubes increases, the amount of heat transfer increase at the expense of the increase in pressure drop. The finned tube gives better heat improvement than a smooth tube and the direction of flow does not effect on the heat transfer.
Dissimilar Arc Stud Welding AISI 304/ AISI 1008: Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hameed Firas H. , Mohamed Muzher T. , Nawi Sami A. , Gattmah Jabbar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dissimilar arc stud welding is one of the most important tasks in manufacturing processes used to join the various metals with different dimensions. In the present work, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel studs were joined to AISI 1008 low carbon steel base plate using an arc stud welding technique. The quality performance of the weld joint was analyzed employing the bending and torque test. A range of welding current and welding time were used to elucidate the effect of welding parameters on weld quality corresponding to bending and torque strength. The statistical method based on the Taguchi technique was applied for determining the optimum parameters. The results revealed that welding time play important role in arc stud welding followed by welding current. The actual torque of 90 N.m can be obtained according to the optimum condition for the stud welding by using (DOE) at 600 AMP and 0.3 second.
Thermal performance of double-pass counter flow and double-parallel flow solar air heater with V-grooved absorber plate
Authors: Rasham Ali M. , Al-Bakri Basim A. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The performance of double-pass counter flow (model A) and double-parallel flow (model B) solar air heater with V-grooved absorber plate are numerically investigated. The mathematical models are written based on energy balance equations for each element of both models. The matrix inversion method is used to numerically solve the mathematical models for solar intensity (I = 350 − 950 (W/m2)), ambient temperature (Ta = 20 (°C)), mass air flow rate range of (ṁ = 0.02–0.09 (kg/s)), and opening angle of V-grooved absorber plate of (Ø = 60°). The results are presented in terms of: Air temperature rise, useful heat gain, thermal efficiency, and thermo hydraulic efficiency. Obviously when air mass flow rate increases, model (A) produces the highest air temperature rise, useful heat gain, and thermal efficiency. As air mass flow rate increases, the thermo-hydraulic of model (B) also increases while thermo-hydraulic efficiency of model (A) decreases from air mass flow rate (ṁ = 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 (kg/s)) for solar intensities (350, 650, and 950 (W/m2)) respectively. In terms of thermal efficiency, the model (A) is more efficient than of model (B) by (26.8470 %, 27.8890 %, and 28.2496 %) for solar intensities (350, 650, and 950 (W/m2)) respectively. In terms of thermo-hydraulic efficiency, model (A) is more efficient than that of model (B) by (12.1046 %, 20.6830 %, and 25.1215 %) for solar intensities (350, 650, and 950 (W/m2)) respectively.
Using internal in-plane k-shape steel bracing as a simple strengthening technique for RC box beams failed in torsion
Authors: Aziz Ali Hameed , Abdallah Muhammad Hussein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current paper aims to investigate, experimentally, the torsion behavior of reinforced concrete box beams made by self-compacting concrete and strengthened internally by in-plane steel bracing of K-Shape. Four identical large size beams had a nominal cross-section dimension of (0.3x0.3m) with a total length of (2.1m) were constructed and loaded to failure under the effect of pure torsion. The experimental result shows that the failure torsion moment of strengthened beam specimens with K-shape steel bracings increases with a percentage up to (82%) more than un-strengthened beam and the angle of twist decreases by a percentage up to (35.5%). While, the axial elongation decreases by a percentage up to (53%). The presence of the internal in-plane K-shape steel bracing is effective and simple method in enhancing the ultimate carrying torsion capacity.
Effect of fibers types on strength of lightweight foamed concrete
Authors: Rafal Ahmed H. , Abed Suhad M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Foamed concrete is known for its weak strength due to the high porosity caused by air bubbles. The focus of this research was on studying the most important structural feature, which is the compressive strength at 7 &28 days of reinforced foamed concrete with different types of single fibres, such as hooked-ends steel fibres, corrugated steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. in addition to, foamed concrete reinforced with hybrid fibres (using the combination of polypropylene with hooked-ends Steel Fibres) and (combination of polypropylene with corrugated fibres), The best results were obtained basically using hybrid fibres of 0.4% hooked-ends steel fibres with0.3Kg/m3 polypropylene fibre followed by using 0.4% corrugated steel fibres with 0.3Kg/m3 polypropylene fibre.
Finite Element Model for the Optimization of Steel I-Beam with Variable Depth
Authors: Mohammedali T K , Mohammed A H , Khalaf R D , Sammen S Sh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of structural design is to select member sizes with the optimal proportioning of the overall structural geometry. Conventional steel I-beam with variable depth have been used widely in various engineering fields. The objective of this study is to develop a three-dimensional finite element model for the total volume of steel I-beam with variable depth. The finite element software package ANSYS was used to determine the optimum total volume for the steel I-beam with variable depth. The purpose of the study is to minimize the total volume of the steel beam. The design variables are the height of the steel beam at support, the flanges width, the thickness of flanges, the height of the steel beam at mid-span, and the web thickness. The constraints considered in this study are the normal stress in steel beam and the mid-span displacement of the steel beam. Optimization results of steel beam indicate that the total volume was reduced approximately by 52 %.
Effect of Longitudinal Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcement for wide Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Taha Mustafa Gawad , Abbas Ali Laftah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study the shear behavior of reinforced concrete wide beams was experimentally investigated the experimental program consisted of four wide beams of 30 MPa of concrete Compressive strength tested with a shear span-depth ratio (a / d) of 2.77. One of the tested wide beams Design according to the ACI code for maximum spacing of shear reinforcement normal beam (d/2), and the other three specimens designed for spacing (0.75 d,0.81 d, 1.0 d) Respectively. The flexure failure mode was secured to allow for shear failure mode for all specimens. The main parameters covered during this study were the effect of spacing shear reinforcement on shear capacity of the wide beams tested. The study showed that there is no significant effect of divergence on shear strength. The decrease of shear capacity ranged from 1.5 % to 8.85 % For the range of beams tested as compared to the control beam.
Siesmic Response of Single Pile Soil Structure Interaction Effect of Cordera bridge foundation
Authors: Jawad Saba Ismael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The response of single pile foundations to the dynamic loads is considered in this paper. The behaviour of such foundation is important specifically in case of earthquake excitation through the supporting soil medium. An axisymmetric finite element model has been implemented to simulate the behaviour of pile in relatively clayey soil deposit using Abaqus software including the soil structure interaction effect soil system. Eight node axisymmetric quadrilateral element CAX8R used to simulate the soil continuum. Contact behaviour between the single pile part and the part of soil was simulated using the ‘surface to surface’ contact method with master-slave concept. Furthermore, the pile behaviour material has been simulated with a linear elastic model while, soil material has been simulated with an elasto-plastic model “Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion”. Two different excitation have been adopted during the analysis: El-Centro and Ali-Algharbi earthquakes in order to investigate the effect of various intensities. The results of the analysis demonstrate alteration in the relative displacement and stresses along the pile with different soil layer and different stiffness with both earthquake excitations.
Structural Behavior of Composite Slabs with Different Geometry of Profile Steel Sheets
Authors: Ali Ibrahim A. , Ibrahim Amer M. , Jassim Teeba A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the behavior of composite slabs with different geometry of profile steel sheet where the strength of composite deck slab mainly depending on the composite action and strength of the connection between concrete and profile steel sheet. In this study, three full-scale specimens of composite slabs with different types of geometry of profile steel sheets (T-shape, triangle shape and trapezoidal shape) were cast and tested under two-point load in order to evaluate the structural behavior and shear bond of composite slabs. The results show that geometry of profile steel sheet have significantly effect on the behavior and strength of composite slab where the ultimate load increased by (32% and 133%) in composite slabs with (triangle shape and T-shape) respectively as compared with trapezoidal shape. As well as the results were satisfy in term of deflection, horizontal end slip, strain and mode of failure.
Effect of polyethylene glycol 6000 on the microstructure and magnetic properties of BaFe10.4Al1.6O19
Authors: Nuruddin Ahmad , Diba Fadlah Farah , Saputro Adhitya Gandaryus , Yuliarto Brian , Ramelan Aditianto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aluminum-substituted barium hexaferrite (BaFe10.4Al1.6O19) powders were prepared using sol-gel auto-combustion and the calcination method. The effects of adding 1 g, 1.5 g, and 2 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) to the sol solution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of calcined BaFe10.4Al1.6O19 were investigated. The x-ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized sample without PEG produced a single-phase BaFe10.4Al1.6O19; furthermore, BaFe10.4Al1.6O19 and hematite (α-Fe2O3) coexisted with the addition of 1–2 g of PEG. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the transformation of the morphology of BaFe10.4Al1.6O19 from nanorod to hexagonal platelet in shape and growth in particle sizes as increasing amounts of PEG were added. The prepared samples’ magnetic data revealed an increase in the coercive field with PEG’s addition, while the saturation magnetization increased for PEG additions of up to 1.5 g (1 g and 1.5 g) and decreased for 2 g of PEG. The particle sizes, coercive field, and saturation magnetization confirmed the formation of single-domain BaFe10.4Al1.6O19 for PEG additions of up to 1.5 g and multi-domain formation BaFe10.4Al1.6O19 for a PEG addition of 2 g.
Design and fabrication of a magnetic bearing using magnetic edge effect
Authors: Hossain Md Alamgir , Sufian Md Abu , Rashid Fazlur , Shahadat Mhia Md Zaglul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and performance test of a magnetic bearing employing no active components. In this study, the magnetic bearing was fabricated using a magnetic edge effect. Four large and three small hollow Neodymium (Nd) magnets were used of the same thickness, same internal diameter but different outer diameters. Small magnets were rigidly attached in the rotor and large magnets were fixed in the casing. In magnetic edge effects, a rotor along with small magnets was suspended inside the casing. Using stroboscope, rpm of the rotors were measured at no load, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 1.5 N conditions for a different number of magnetic bearings in series, and the corresponding torque was calculated. After that, all the data were compared to the ball bearing set up in the same rotor. This paper shows that the speed of the magnetic bearing was doubled than the ball bearing with the same loading conditions. Required torque was 1.5 times greater in the case of ball bearing when compared to the magnetic bearing. The developed system is capable of suspending a rotor at a stable steady-state position. This suspension is accomplished by the edge effect of Nd round hollow magnets.
Islamic Law: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Baderin Mashood A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Islamic Law: A Very Short Introduction examines the evolution, nature, and theory of Islamic law, incorporating both classical and modern scholarly perspectives. Islamic law is one of the world’s major legal systems, yet it is often misunderstood, particularly in the West. It is applicable in different forms as part of state law in countries across the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, and has a strong influence on Muslim communities throughout the Western world. This VSI traces the history of Islamic jurisprudence. It covers its scope—including family law, inheritance law, financial law, penal law, and international law—and its practice, providing an overview of this key legal system.