bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of the Pure Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Indene (c-C9H8) with GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
Authors: Burkhardt Andrew M. , Long Kelvin Lee Kin , Bryan Changala P. , Shingledecker Christopher N. , Cooke Ilsa R. , Loomis Ryan A. , Wei Hongji , Charnley Steven B. , Herbst Eric , McCarthy Michael C. , McGuire Brett A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been invoked in the study of interstellar and protostellar sources, but the unambiguous identification of any individual PAH has proven elusive until very recently. As a result, the formation mechanisms for this important class of molecules remain poorly constrained. Here we report the first interstellar detection of a pure hydrocarbon PAH, indene (C9H8), as part of the GBT Observations of TMC-1: Hunting for Aromatic Molecules (GOTHAM) survey. This detection provides a new avenue for chemical inquiry, complementing the existing detections of CN-functionalized aromatic molecules. From fitting the GOTHAM observations, indene is found to be the most abundant organic ring detected in TMC-1 to date. And from astrochemical modeling with nautilus, the observed abundance is greater than the model’s prediction by several orders of magnitude, suggesting that current formation pathways in astrochemical models are incomplete. The detection of indene in relatively high abundance implies related species such as cyanoindene, cyclopentadiene, toluene, and styrene may be detectable in dark clouds.
Multi-step process for selecting strategic sourcing options when designing supply chains
Authors: Ribas Imma , Lusa Amaia , Corominas Albert 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This paper, devoted to the selection of strategic sourcing options as a part of the supply chain design, aims to provide supply chain designers with guidelines for selecting the best strategic sourcing option for each item (i.e., products, modules, parts and services).Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on a review of the literature on sourcing options, buyer-supplier relationships, factors and criteria to select a sourcing strategy as well as the authors experience in this field.Findings: We propose a multi-step process by considering the three dimensions of the strategic sourcing options (who and how many will make the item; in cases of outsourcing, the kind of relationship between buyer and supplier(s); and where the item is to be made) together with the characteristics of the context, demand and product, and the relevant criteria to evaluate them.Originality/value: The main contributions are the review of the factors and criteria for selecting the best strategic sourcing option for each item (i.e., products, modules, parts and services) as well as the guidelines provided for each step of the process.
COVID-19 Risk in Youth Club Sports: A Nationwide Sample Representing More Than 200 000 Athletes
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Haraldsdottir Kristin , Goodavish Leslie , Watson Andrew M. 
Published: May 2021

Context
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every aspect of life, including youth sports. Few data exist on COVID-19 incidences and risk-mitigation strategies in youth club sports.

Objective
To determine the incidence of reported COVID-19 cases among youth club sport athletes, describe the reported sources of infection for reported cases, and identify the information sources used to develop COVID-19 risk-mitigation procedures.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online surveys.

Patients or Other Participants
Soccer and volleyball youth club directors.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Surveys were completed by directors of youth soccer and volleyball clubs across the country in October 2020. Surveys addressed the self-reported date of re-initiation, number of players, player COVID-19 cases, sources of infection, COVID-19 mitigation strategies, and information sources for the development of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. The total number of cases reported, number of players, and days since club re-initiation were used to calculate an incidence rate of cases per 100 000 player-days. To compare reported incidence rates between soccer and volleyball, a negative binomial model was developed to predict player cases with sport and state incidence as covariates and log (player-days) as an offset. Estimates were exponentiated to yield a reported incidence rate ratio with Wald CIs.

Results
A total of 205 136 athletes (soccer = 165 580; volleyball = 39 556) were represented by 437 clubs (soccer = 159; volleyball = 278). Club organizers reported 673 COVID-19 cases (soccer = 322; volleyball = 351), for a reported incidence rate of 2.8 cases per 100 000 player-days (soccer = 1.7, volleyball = 7.9). Volleyball had a higher reported COVID-19 incidence rate than soccer (reported incidence rate ratio = 3.06 [95% CI = 2.0, 4.6], P &lt; .001). Out of 11 possible mitigation strategies, the median number of strategies used by all clubs was 7, with an interquartile range of 2.

Conclusions
The incidence of self-reported cases of COVID-19 was lower in soccer clubs than in volleyball clubs. Most clubs reported using many COVID-19 mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of infection.
Athletic Trainers' Use of Support Systems for Balancing Roles as an Athletic Trainer and Parent
Authors: Rynkiewicz Kelsey M. , Singe Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: May 2021

Context
Work-life balance is a topic of interest in the athletic training profession. Particularly for parents, managing work and home roles can be challenging. Social support has been identified as a resource for improving athletic trainers' balance and quality of life and warrants further investigation.

Objective
To explore the sources and perceptions of social support among athletic trainers with children.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Collegiate and secondary school settings.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-two athletic trainers who worked in the collegiate (12) or secondary school (20) setting participated. All individuals (19 females, 13 males) were parents, and they ranged in age from 25 to 72 years, with 2 to 52 years of experience as athletic trainers.

Data Collection and Analysis
Participants were recruited from a larger cross-sectional survey. A semistructured interview was developed by the research team and reviewed by a peer expert in the field. Respondents completed the interview protocol, which contained questions in numerous areas related to work-life balance. Data analyses were guided by the research questions related to social support and used a phenomenologic approach. We researchers immersed ourselves in the data and engaged in a coding process. Researcher triangulation and peer review were used to establish credibility.

Results
Our participants found social support in their work and home lives. Support was described by source (eg, supervisors, coworkers, spouses, family, friends) and type (eg, emotional, tangible, network). Respondents perceived that support stemmed from understanding, flexibility, sharing responsibilities, and shared life experiences, which aided them in balancing their roles.

Conclusions
Athletic trainers valued social support and used different types of support to help create work-life balance. Support in the workplace, at home, and from the profession is necessary for athletic trainers who are parents, as it provides a means to help balance roles and responsibilities.
The efficacy of dapagliflozin for type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Ma Jian , Zhao Yanhong , Fan Huihui , Liu Jia 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The efficacy of dapagliflozin for type 1 diabetes remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the treatment efficacy of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and Cochrane library databases through May 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of dapagliflozin versus placebo for type 1 diabetes. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.
Results: Six RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for type 1 diabetes, dapagliflozin treatment shows favorable impact on glycated hemoglobin HbA1c ( standard mean difference SMD=-3.93; 95% confidence interval CI =-4.44 to -3.48; P<0.00001), HbA1c reduction of ≥0.5% (risk ratio RR=1.98; 95% CI=1.65 to 2.39; P<0.00001), and fasting plasma glucose FPG (SMD=-0.93; 95% CI=-1.77 to -0.10; P=0.03). There is no statistical difference of hypo- glycemia (RR=1.09; 95% CI=0.66 to 1.79; P=0.75) or adverse events (RR=1.07; 95% CI=0.96 to 1.20; P=0.20) between two groups, but the incidence of ketone-related events is higher than those in control group (RR=0.28; 95% CI=3.96 to 11.52; P=0.01).
Conclusion: Dapagliflozin treatment benefits to reduce HbA1c and FPG for type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: Dapagliflozin; type 1 diabetes; glycemic control; randomized controlled trials.
Effect of Fees Policies on the Quality of University Education in Uganda
Authors: Mande WM , Nakayita M 
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the findings of a study that was undertaken to analyse the effect of fees policy on the quality of university education in Uganda. It reports that every university in Uganda has a fees policy and that these fees policies differ in content and implementation. The paper confirms a significant relationship between fees policies and the reputation of universities. It also reports that fees policies had a significant effect on the quality of educationprovided by the universities. Subsequently, the paper discusses the main higher education funding models in the country with specific reference to these findings. This is with the conclusion that the country should adopt an egalitarian cost sharing model that resolves the limitations of the current funding models. Keywords: Funding; Student fees; Reform.
Re-Engineering Vocational and Technical Education for Sustainable Development in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Sofoluwe AO 
Published: May 2021

Using the case of North Central Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria, this study interrogates the nexus between vocational and technical education (VTE) and sustainable development. Specific attention is put on provision and attainment of basic skills on one hand and job creation, self-employment, utilization of locally available resources, provision of technology and capital formation on the other hand. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 36 out of the 98 schools in the region. The data were collected using a VET Sustainable Development Questionnaire (VTESDQ). Four hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of confidence using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The findings were that VTE significantly affects sustainable development. It is recommended that: 1) the content of VTE be related to the requirements of the labour market; 2) VTE institutions be established close to the rural populace; and 3) the study programmes VTE institutions offer reflect the community’s culture.Keywords: Vocational and Technical Education; Sustainable Development
Erratum
Authors: Ssempebwa Jude 
Published: May 2021

The authorship of the following article published in issue 9.1 of Makerere Journal of Higher Education was misstated:Omosidi, A.S. (2017). Allocation Pattern in the Financing of Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. Makerere Journal of Higher Education. 9 (1), 37 – 51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v9i1.3.Readers are requested to note that the article is co-authored with A.A. Atolagbe and A. A. Lawal, so it should be cited as follows:Omosidi, A.S., A.A. Atolagbe, A.A. Lawal (2017). Allocation Pattern in the Financing of Colleges of Legal and Islamic Studies in Nigeria. Makerere Journal of Higher Education. 9 (1), 37–51. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v9i1.3.
Etika Auditor sebagai Pemoderasi Fee Audit, Independensi, dan Kompetensi terhadap Kualitas Audit
Authors: Devota Amadea , Priono Hero 
Published: May 2021

The objective of this research is to test and analyze the impact of the audit fee, independency, and competency on audit quality with ethics of auditor as moderation variable of Public Accountant Firm in Surabaya. The sample used in the research as many as 10 Public Accountant Firms which are represented by 46 people of auditors and selected by convenience sampling method. Questionnaires is used as the primary data of this research, distributed right to the auditors in the Public Accountant Firms in Surabaya City that are used as research sample. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Model (SEM) based Partial Least Square Analysis (PLS). The results in this research showed that (1) audit fee had positive and significant influence on audit quality, (2) independency had negative and significant influence on audit quality, (3) competency had positive and significant influence on quality audit, (4) ethics of auditor could moderate the influence on audit fee of quality audit, (5) ethics of auditor couldn’t moderate the influence on independency of quality audit, and (6) ethics of auditor could moderate the influence on competency of quality audit.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Nurses towards Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drugs Reactions Monitoring and Reporting: Cross-Sectional Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shoukat Maliha , Hussain Muhammad , Perveen Kousar , Afzal Muhammad , Saghir Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine nurses' current knowledge, attitudes and practices towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions monitoring and reporting.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The target population 154 nurses who work in Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size was calculated by the “World Health Organization” online sample size calculator. A well-structured questionnaire on adverse drug reactions reporting was used for data collection. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 25. The Pearson correlation test used to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding adverse drug reactions. Pearson correlation at p <0.05 consider as significant. The study results display in tables and charts.
Findings: The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions and reporting. 56.5% of nurses had a concept of pharmacovigilance. The 39.6% know the voluntary reporting system of adverse drug reaction. Only 36.4% nurses responded agree for policies and procedures should be developed for monitoring and reporting of adverse drug reaction.
Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice And Policy: This study is a way of improving pharmacovigilance programs in the country, public awareness on reporting. This could be done to improve practice by advertising and encouraging patients to self-reporting to their nearest health facility. Public awareness could be done through social media. The responsible regulatory authority, with assistance from other relevant stakeholders, should design the reporting forms and make them easily available and accessible so that the public may use them for reporting adverse drug reaction.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Nurses, Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacovigilance
The Tỷ lệ nhiễm một số vi khuẩn, virus ở trẻ viêm phổi tái diễn có suy hô hấp tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Thanh Tam Pham Thi , Thanh Hai Le , Bich Thuy Phung Thi , Ngoc Duy Le , Thi Nga Nguyen , Quang Vy Do , Thi Hong Dinh , Thu Phuong Dinh Thi 
Published: May 2021

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Kỹ thuật realtime PCR đa mồi có độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu cao, thời gian cho kết quả ngắn, đồng thời phát hiện cùng lúc 19 loại virus và 7 loại vi khuẩn gây bệnh. Nghiên cứu này xác định tỷ lệ nhiễm một số vi khuẩn, virus ở trẻ viêm phổi tái diễn có suy hô hấp bằng kĩ thuật multiplex real-time PCR tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương.
Phương pháp: 95 bệnh nhân (2 tháng -60 tháng) viêm phổi tái diễn có suy hô hấp từ 05/2019 đến 04/2020. Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, cỡ mẫu thuận tiện.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ vi khuẩn là 68,4%, trong đó nhiễm H. influenzae chiếm 35,8%, S. pneumoniae chiếm 22,1%, vi khuẩn không điển hình chiếm 9,5%, chủ yếu là M. Pneumonia, ho gà chỉ chiếm 2,1%. Tỷ lệ virus là 42,1%, chủ yếu là Adenovirus (16,8%), Rhinovirus (8,4%) và RSV (8,4%). Tỷ lệ đồng nhiễm là 23,2%, đa phần là đồng nhiễm vi khuẩn – virus (10,5%), đồng nhiễm vi khuẩn – vi khuẩn 9,5%. Đồng nhiễm virus – virus chỉ chiếm 3,2%. Kết luận: Phần lớn trẻ viêm phổi tái diễn nặng bị nhiễm vi khuẩn. Gần một nửa trong số đó có nhiễm virus. Các tác nhân thường gặp gây viêm phổi tái diễn là H. influenzae, S.pneumoniae, Adenovirus.
Por uma pedagogia da superação: estudo de casos
Authors: Barreto dos Santos Ana Claudia , Tejon Megido José Luiz 
Published: May 2021

Este estudo aborda os processos de superação resultantes do estudo de casos e propõe ações educativas de superação. Trata-se de superações de adversidades e dificuldades presentes na vida das pessoas. O objetivo principal foi estudar os fatores essenciais que levam as pessoas ao êxito em seus projetos, propondo uma pedagogia como meio de acesso a esses fatores. Portanto, trabalha-se a superação nos aspectos relacionados à prática pedagógica que permite ao indivíduo superar. Os casos estudados permitiram encontrar uma síntese de 5 fatores chave presentes nas trajetórias de vida consideradas exitosas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da metodologia da pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e o método de estudo de caso. Os casos estudados são públicos, portanto brindaram diversas fontes de dados. Buscou-se casos de pessoas que superaram diversos problemas e realizou-se uma análise das ocorrências dos fatores que contribuíram para as superações. Para realizar este estudo, foram empregados os conceitos teóricos de Morin (2011, 2008, 2006, 2002, 2000) em relação à Complexidade, especificamente ao que está ligado a desordem e ao imprevisto em todas as coisas. Os aportes de Makiguti (2004, 2002, 1995) sobre a Criação de Valores para se construir um mundo possível de ser habitado.
Aktivizujúce metódy a postupy vo vyučovaní obchodnej ruštiny študentov-nefilólogov
Authors: Alieva Lenka 
Published: May 2021

Príspevok sa venuje problematike metód a postupov vo vyučovaní obchodnej ruštiny, prostredníctvom ktorých sa zvyšuje efektivita v ovládaní odbornej slovnej zásoby. Aktivizujúce procesy nasmerované na aktívnu prácu študentov na hodinách ruského jazyka vedú k osvojovaniu si slovnej zásoby v predmetovej oblasti a štýlu obchodnej komunikácie. V príspevku prezentujeme varianty cvičení, prácu s textom, videocvičenia, audionahrávky, ktoré sú zamerané na osvojovanie správnych slovných spojení, ich používanie vo vetách a touto cestou na vyjadrovanie ucelených myšlienok. Uvedomujeme si pritom, že slovo, slovné spojenie nie je možné osvojiť si plnohodnotne mimo kontextu. Vo vyučovacom procese preto študenti pracujú s konkrétnymi komunikačnými situáciami, hraním rolí v obchodných situáciách. Prostredníctvom výskumu sa usilujeme o zistenie najefektívnejších spôsobov ako vzbudiť záujem študentov o odborný ruský jazyk, udržať ich pozornosť a produktívnu aktivitu počas vyučovacej jednotky a tým dosiahnuť pozitívne výsledky v podobe dobrého ovládania odborného cudzieho jazyka.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Study of Etodolac-Triazole Conjugate
Authors: Neeraja Papigani , Srinivas Suryapeta , Banothu Venkanna , Mukkanti Khagga , Dubey Pramod Kumar , Pal Sarbani 
Published: May 2021

A new set of 15 compounds containing etodolac moiety and triazole ring were prepared by CuAAC reaction in moderate to high yield. All the synthesized compounds were purified by chromatographic techniques and characterized by spectral data IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The newly derived compounds were screened for their anti-bacterial activities against one gram-positive (S. aureus) and two gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae) bacteria using an agar-well diffusion method. Most of the compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial activities. Especially compound 4e having good activities against all the strains. The compound 4e displayed signiﬁcant inhibitory potential with MIC 25 µg/mL against all the strains. The potential DNA gyrase inhibitory activity of this compound was investigated by using molecular docking studies carried out using Autodock Vina software. The compound 4e showed the lowest ΔGbind results (-7.7 Kcal/mol, -7.9Kcal/mol). The cytotoxic activity of the obtained compounds was determined using A549 cancer cell line by a MTT assay. They displayed promising activity against the human lung cancer cell line. Especially 4o, 4b, 4d shown lowest IC50 values.
Growth, Instability and Decomposition Analysis of Coconut in India and Tamil Nadu, Western Tamil Nadu, India: A Time Series Comparative Approach
Authors: Kalidas K. , Mahendran K. , Akila K. 
Published: May 2021

The study was undertaken to know the growth rate, instability, and contribution of area and yield on the production of coconut. The study was based on the secondary data for the period of 19 years (2001 – 2019) for India as well as Tamil Nadu. India is the leading producer of coconut globally 21.38 billion nuts and in the country, Tamil Nadu has the major share in area and production with 5.31 billion nuts. The pace of agricultural development of the country can be estimated through compound annual growth rate, instability is measured using Coppocks instability index and contribution of area and yield on production is studied using decomposition analysis. Results revealed that coconut growth is found to be positive in India as well as in Tamil Nadu, the production of coconut in the country is significantly positive (0.74 percent), but in the state, it is in decline trend (2.48 percent). The trend of productivity seems positive and similar at both the country and state level. Instability index is higher in terms of area (12.71 percent) than production (2.86 percent) and productivity (2.89 percent). Area effect was most responsible (138.2 percent and 98.3 percent) for the production of coconut than yield effect in both the country as well as the state.