bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharīʿah governance and agency dynamics of Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Abul , Sohail M. Sadiq , Munshi Md Mahfuzur Rahaman 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate and point out the variations of agency theory in the context of Sharīʿah governance in Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Design/methodology/approachThe study followed the approach of quantitative Corporate Governance Index (CGI) by computing the Gov-index (Gompers et al., 2003) and the Gov-score (Brown and Caylor, 2004; Saffieddine, 2009) to examine corporate governance (CG) issues using primary as well as secondary data. The primary data was generated from three full-fledged Islamic banks (IBs) and nine traditional banks with Islamic banking wings, all operating in the KSA. The approach was to provide an insight into the agency structure in the context of Islamic banking, which may lead to a trade-off between the conformity of Sharīʿah (Islamic law) rules and processes followed in safeguarding the rights of investors.FindingsThe majority of the Islamic banking services that are surveyed in this study acknowledge the significance of Sharīʿah governance and have implemented the fundamental methods, in conformity with this system. Certain flaws in Sharīʿah governance principles pertaining to audit, control and transparency are reported.Practical implicationsThe research outcomes will be invaluable to IBs aiming to improve existing SG practices. It also has implications for IB managers to design strategies while complying with regulations and to protect the interests of all investors without breaching the ethics of Sharīʿah.Originality/valueThis paper adds original value to the body of knowledge on agency relationship by analysing the dynamics of agency theory in the unique and complex context of Sharīʿah governance of IBs or those offering Islamic products in the KSA. The results can be used as a valuable feedback for improvement of Sharīʿah governance in the banking system in the KSA and the Gulf region at large.
Outcomes of prolonged intensive care and rehabilitation at a specialized multidisciplinary center in Sweden
Authors: Löfroth Mathias , Petersson Jenny E. , Uusijärvi Johan , Hårdemark Cedborg Anna I. , Sundman Eva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpecialized clinics may improve the outcome for patients with prolonged intensive care stays. Admission may depend on diagnosis, need of respiratory support and more. We report the results from a Swedish specialized center with a multidisciplinary team approach to continued intensive care and simultaneous rehabilitation regardless of patients’ primary diagnosis or ventilator need.MethodsAll patients admitted and discharged from 2015 to 2018 were included. Demographics, diagnoses, ventilatory support requirement, discharge destination and survival were retrieved from the center´s quality registry.ResultsA total of 181 patients, mean age 61 ± 16 years, 64% men, were analyzed. A neurological diagnosis was the cause for hospitalization in 46% of patients. Of the 55 patients admitted to the center for weaning from mechanical ventilation, 89% were successfully weaned within a median of 25 (interquartile range (IQR) 16–45) days. Decannulation was intended in 117 patients of which 90% were successful within a median of 25 (IQR 13–43) days. Readmission to intensive care was 4%. Most patients were discharged to their home or to rehabilitation clinics with a lower level of care. In‐clinic mortality was 3%. Survival beyond 1 and 2 years after discharge was 79% and 70%, respectively.ConclusionPatients with prolonged intensive care and complex medical needs treated at a specialized center in Sweden had weaning and decannulation rates comparable to or better than previously reported. Mortality was low, and most patients were discharged home or for further rehabilitation. This was achieved with a multidisciplinary team approach to continued intensive care and simultaneous rehabilitation.
Making Design Matter for Smaller Automotive Suppliers
Authors: Santos Ricardo Cameira , Camacho José Ferro , Marcelino José Rui 
Published: November 2021

SMEs are still able to rise to the top tier of the supply chain, provided they develop specific capabilities that allow them to strategically position themselves to overtake the barriers built by mega suppliers.Design plays an increasingly important role in the automotive industry. Among small suppliers, it can enable them to rise to the top tier of the supply chain.
Substantia nigra iron affects functional connectivity networks modifying working memory performance in younger adults
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Guan Xiaojun , Wen Jiaqi , Wang Tao , Zhang Minming , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrain iron affects working memory (WM) but the impact of iron content in deep grey matter nuclei on WM networks is unknown. We aimed to test whether deep grey matter nuclei iron concentration can affect resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) within brain networks modifying WM performance. An N‐back WM paradigm was applied in a hundred healthy younger adults. The participants then underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for brain network analysis and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) imaging for assessment of deep grey matter nuclei iron concentration. Higher substantia nigra (SN) iron concentration was associated with lower rsFC between SN and brain regions of the temporal/frontal lobe but with better WM performance after controlling for age, gender and education. A follow‐up mediation analysis also indicated that functional connectivity may mediate the link between SN iron and WM performance. Our results suggest that high SN iron concentration may affect communication between the SN and temporal/frontal lobe and is associated with strengthened WM performance in younger adults.
Depositional process of the Byk‐E tephra bed in the Chiba section, central Japan: A marker bed defining the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Chibanian Stage
Authors: Satoguchi Yasufumi , Takeshita Yoshihiro , Nakazato Hiroomi , Suganuma Yusuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the Chibanian Stage and Middle Pleistocene Subseries is present at the base of the Byk‐E tephra bed in the Chiba section, located in the central Boso Peninsula, Japan. The Byk‐E tephra bed, which erupted from the older Ontake Volcano, is a conspicuous marker bed in the Chiba section; therefore, it provides a clear local and regional marker for the GSSP. However, the sedimentological characteristics of the Byk‐E tephra bed have not been well documented. Here, we provide a detailed description and an isopach map of the Byk‐E tephra bed based on the lithofacies, grain‐size compositions, and grain orientations in the Chiba section and other localities in the Boso Peninsula. The lithofacies and grain size compositions of the tephra bed show that the lower part of the bed show no evidence of flow‐induced deposition. These results suggest that the Byk‐E tephra bed is most likely deposited as fallout deposits under a weak bottom current that could not direct the heavy mineral grains. Therefore, the Byk‐E tephra bed is not to erode the underlying bed during the deposition, indicating that there is no stratigraphic discontinuity. The isopach map drawn from the observed thickness of the fallout unit, show that the distribution of the Byk‐E tephra extends more than 260 km but a limited azimuthal range.
Germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium thin films: Clusters formation by laser ablation and comparison with clusters from mixtures of elements
Authors: Huang Fei , Halenkovič Tomáš , Baillieul Marion , Nazabal Virginie , Němec Petr , Havel Josef 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuaternary germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium (Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te) thin films deposited from Ge19.4Sb16.7Se63.9−xTex (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) glass‐ceramics targets by radio frequency magnetron sputtering were studied using laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry. Binary, ternary, and quaternary GeaSbbSecTed clusters were formed and their stoichiometry was determined. By comparison of the clusters obtained from quaternary Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films and those from ternary Ge‐Sb‐Te materials, we found that Ge‐Te species are not detected from the quaternary system. Furthermore, Ge‐Se and Se‐Te species are missing in mass spectra generated from Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films. From the Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films, 16 clusters were detected while ternary Ge‐Sb‐Se glasses yielded 26 species. This might be considered as a signal of higher stability of Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films which is increasing with a higher content of Te. The missing (Se2+, GeaSb+ (a = 1–4), and GeSec+ (c = 1, 2)) and new (Ge+ and SbbTe+ (b = 1–3)) clusters may indicate that some of the structural features of the films (Ge2Se6/2 and Se2Sb‐SbSe2) were replaced by (GeSe4−xTex and SbSe3−xTex) ones. In addition, when comparing the stoichiometry of clusters formed from Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films with those from the mixtures of the elements, only Sb3+ and SbSe+ were observed in both cases. The knowledge gained concerning clusters stoichiometry contributes to the elucidation of the processes proceeding during plasma formation used for the chalcogenide thin films deposition.
Meta‐analysis examining the effects of electronic storybooks on language and literacy outcomes for children in grades Pre‐K to grade 2
Authors: Savva Marilena , Higgins Steve , Beckmann Nadin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe array of availability of diverse digital reading applications, the mixed results emerging from small‐scale experimental studies, as well as the long‐standing tradition and range of known positive developmental outcomes gained from adult‐child storybook reading warrant an investigation into electronic storybooks (e‐books) by performing a meta‐analysis, which includes recent studies.ObjectivesThe overall purpose of this meta‐analysis is to examine the impact of e‐book reading on language and literacy development of young children when compared with traditional reading of print books with or without adult scaffolding in a structured and controlled environment.MethodsThis meta‐analysis includes experimental studies published between 2008 and 2021 with a target population of 3–8 year‐olds (n = 2.317).Results and conclusionsAnalyses indicated a small positive effect for e‐books when compared with print books on language and literacy development [g = 0.25; 95% CI = (0.09, 0.42)]. A moderate positive effect was found for vocabulary learning, [g = 0.40; 95% CI = (0.10, 0.69)], especially in relation to expressive vocabulary [g = 0.54; 95% CI = (0.08, 1.00)]. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between multimedia e‐books and the development of code‐related skills. However, no significant differences were found between e‐book and print book reading in relation to story comprehension.ImplicationsFindings showed that digital features combined with adult scaffolding produced significant positive effects when compared with traditional print book reading with adult support. The findings have practical ramifications, since they can help researchers and educators identify which digital features have the greatest influence on improving children's language and literacy skills when engaging with e‐books.
Patient‐reported outcomes from the JADE COMPARE randomized phase 3 study of abrocitinib in adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Thyssen J.P. , Yosipovitch G. , Paul C. , Kwatra S.G. , Chu C.‐Y. , DiBonaventura M. , Feeney C. , Zhang F. , Myers D. , Rojo R. , Valdez H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn JADE COMPARE, abrocitinib improved severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and demonstrated rapid itch relief.ObjectivesWe examined clinically meaningful improvements in selected patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsJADE COMPARE was a multicentre, phase 3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomized 2:2:2:1 to receive 16 weeks of oral abrocitinib 200 or 100 mg once daily, dupilumab 300 mg subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks, or placebo, with background topical therapy. PROs included Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Night Time Itch Scale (NTIS), Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis, Patient Global Assessment, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsAt week 16, the proportion of patients achieving POEM scores <3 was 21.3% and 11.7% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 12.4% for dupilumab, and 4.8% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04). Proportion achieving ≥4‐point improvement from baseline in NTIS severity was 64.3% and 52.4% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 54.0% for dupilumab, and 34.4% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.007). Proportion achieving ≥4‐point improvement from baseline in DLQI was 85.0% and 74.4% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 83.4% for dupilumab, and 59.7% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.005).ConclusionSignificant improvements in PROs were demonstrated with both abrocitinib doses vs. placebo, and abrocitinib 200 mg provided numerically greater effects compared with dupilumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Effectiveness of prednisolone in complex regional pain syndrome treatment: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Kwak Sang Gyu , Choo Yoo Jin , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) experience refractory pain with severe restrictions in the activities of daily living. Oral prednisolone is commonly used to treat these patients.PurposeTo review previous studies assessing the effects of prednisolone in CRPS patients.Methods and MaterialsArticles published from January 1, 1980 to July 23, 2021 in the PubMed database were searched using the following key phrases: (prednisolone OR corticosteroid OR steroid) AND (complex regional pain syndrome OR reflex sympathetic dystrophy OR shoulder‐hand syndrome OR causalgia). Specifically, we included those articles in which oral prednisolone or corticosteroids were used to control the CRPS symptoms.ResultsIn total, 11 articles were included, comprising 3 randomized trials, 5 single‐arm prospective observational studies, and 3 retrospective studies. Nearly all previous studies reported that oral prednisolone can effectively control the CRPS symptoms. Moreover, though 30–100 mg/day of oral prednisolone was initially administered in these studies, 30 mg/day was also found to be effective in controlling the symptoms. Although prednisolone was usually administered for 1–3 months, short‐term treatment for 1–2 weeks was also reportedly effective. Furthermore, only 0%–30% of the patients in these studies had minor side effects after prednisolone treatment.ConclusionsOur review showed that prednisolone may be effective in alleviating the CRPS symptoms. To determine higher levels of evidence, a full systematic review with more highly qualified studies, such as randomized controlled trials, should be conducted in the future.
Genetic characterization of the brown lint phenotype for desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) accession PI 408765 (cv. ‘Sanguineum‐1’)
Authors: Erpelding John E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCotton fibre can show a range in brown colouration, and these coloured lint fibres can be used for textile production reducing the environmental and human health hazards associated with synthetic dyes; however, coloured cotton cultivars have lower yield potential and reduced lint quality. A greater understanding of the genetics of lint colouration would be useful for the development of improved cultivars. Gossypium arboreum L. accession PI 408765 (cv. ‘Sanguineum‐1’) having the brown lint phenotype was identified from the United States Department Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System cotton collection and crossed with G. arboreum accessions PI 529729 (cv. ‘Garo Hill’) having white lint and with PI 615733 (cv. ‘Zi‐Hua Guang Zi’) having brown lint. Lint colour data from the F2 populations support a single incomplete dominant gene model for the brown lint phenotype. Additionally, the brown lint phenotypes for PI 408765 and PI 615733 are controlled by two independent genes. Plants in these populations showed a range of brown lint colouration, and these data would be useful to further characterize the mechanisms controlling brown lint development.
Middle Ordovician bottom current deposits in the western margin of the North China craton: Evidence from sedimentary and magnetic fabrics
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fan Ruoying , Zong Ruiwen , Gong Yiming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn many modern deep‐water slope environments, deposits formed by bottom currents (contourites) are rather common. However, reports on ancient contourites in deep‐water environments are scarce and most of them remain contentious. Based on the study of high‐resolution sedimentological, sedimentary geological and magnetic fabric characteristics, this study presents the key evidence of bottom current activity in the Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation from the western margin of the North China craton, and reconstructs the deep‐sea circulation pattern and the direction of deep‐water bottom currents in the middle and low latitudes during the Middle Ordovician. Six typical carbonate microfacies are identified in the Kelimoli Formation, which can be grouped into three sedimentary facies types related to the main interpreted depositional processes (bottom current, undifferentiated bottom current and hemipelagic settling, and hemipelagic settling). The evidence of bottom current deposits are five‐fold. Firstly, it is possible to observe a variety of traction current structures, which mainly represent bed‐load‐dominated transport of sediments. Secondly, there are multi‐scale inverse grading and bi‐grading, as well as inversely‐graded and normally‐graded sedimentary sequences, which reflect the periodic change of bottom current activity. Thirdly, gradual or sharp contact boundaries and small internal erosional surfaces indicate omission surfaces caused by the oscillating variation of bottom current velocity. Fourthly, the continuous rhythmic change of sedimentary fabrics on the microscopic scale reflects sustained, waxing and waning current intensities. Fifthly, the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility reveals the microscopic fabric characteristics of imbricated magnetic grains, which represent the continuous action of directional current, and the restored palaeocurrent direction indicates that the current is mainly parallel to the slope strike. After the palaeo‐north correction of the North China craton clockwise rotation of 120° to 150° since the Ordovician, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility shows that the direction of bottom current in the study area is towards the north‐east/east. Therefore, it is speculated that there was a clockwise deep‐water circulation in the middle and low latitudes of the southern hemisphere during the Ordovician. This study not only provides sedimentological evidence for the Ordovician bottom current activity, but also contributes to a better understanding of the Ordovician palaeoceanographical environment, especially the Middle Ordovician deep‐sea circulation pattern.
Beyond resilience: Resistance in the lives of LGBTQ youth
Authors: Robinson Brandon Andrew , Schmitz Rachel M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResilience has come to define a wide breadth of impactful research on marginalized groups, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth. This resilience framework shifted the deficit “at‐risk” model of research on marginalized populations to a more nuanced strengths‐based perspective. In this critical review article, we examine this research trend to understand how the shift to resilience has shaped patterns of LGBTQ youth research. In doing so, this piece calls for a more sophisticated engagement with operationalizing resilience–which is vaguely defined and often upholds dominant relations in society, such as capitalistic, heteronormative values of success and happiness. We show how a shift to understanding resistance, joy, and pleasure in LGBTQ youth's lives promotes a more dynamic and complicated look at how marginalized groups navigate their social worlds and exert power in shaping these worlds. Acknowledging and uplifting LGBTQ youth's resistance and power are necessary in pushing scholarly dialogue and the possible interventions informed by research towards a more fully transformative framework in changing and dismantling oppressive societal structures.
Effect of bedside filtration on aggregates from cold‐stored whole blood–derived platelet‐rich plasma and apheresis platelet concentrates
Authors: Li Valery J. , Bailey S. Lawrence , Miles Jeffrey , Usaneerungrueng Chomkan , Fang Lydia Y. , Corson Jill , Osborne Barbara , Özpolat Tahsin , López José A. , Wu Yanyun , Stolla Moritz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current approach to manufacture cold‐stored platelets (CSP) replicates that of room temperature–stored platelets (RSP). However, this production method is associated with aggregate formation in CSP, a major pitfall that leads to significant wastage. We hypothesized that isolating platelets from whole blood as platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and storing them at a lower concentration reduces aggregates and that conventional bedside transfusion filtration removes CSP aggregates.MethodsWe collected platelets from healthy humans by apheresis (AP) and by phlebotomy, from which we generated platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). We split each AP and PRP platelets into two equal aliquots, storing one at 22°C (RT‐PRP and RT‐AP) and the other at 4°C (4C‐PRP and 4C‐AP). We evaluated platelets on day 0 and day 7 of storage. After storage, we measured platelet counts, aggregates, and other key characteristics before and after filtration by a bedside filter.ResultsAfter storage, the 4C‐AP platelet counts decreased significantly. 4C‐PRP preserved glucose better and prevented a significant increase in lactate contrary to 4C‐AP. Filtration led to significantly lower platelet counts in both 4C‐PRP and 4C‐AP but not in their RT counterparts. Post filtration, we observed 50% fewer aggregates only in 4C‐AP, whereas 4C‐PRP showed an unexpected but significant increase in aggregates. Testing confirmed activation during storage but filtration did not further activate platelets.ConclusionWe provide evidence that 4C‐PRP is an alternative to 4C‐AP and that bedside filters reduce aggregates from 4C‐AP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the hemostatic potential of 4C‐PRP and the management of aggregates.
The Future of Visual Anthropology in the Wake of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Mullings Sireita , Sobers Shawn , Thomas Deborah A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a discipline, anthropology has long been subject to the scrutiny of critical race theorists and to questions of ethical practice with regard to ethnicity and representation. This dialogue features critical Black visual anthropologists discussing their approach to the discipline, and crucially asks, “What are the key lessons from 2020 in the wake of the global Black Lives Matter protests?” Each participant responds to photographs and film clips, offering provocations that challenge how we think about the discipline today. The dialogue is edited from a discussion that took place for the Royal Anthropology Institute Film Festival in 2021.