bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arts and Crafts of the Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia
Authors: Zielińska Dobrochna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter the collapse of the Meroitic Empire, three independent kingdoms arose within its former territory. Because of a lack of centralized political authority and artistic production, their early development, although based on the Meroitic inheritance, was determined by different sources of influence. From the 8th century two united northern kingdoms became a powerful state, which is also reflected in its art. Rising creativity from the 9th century onwards reflected local needs and ambitions. In the course of time, surrounded by Islamic neighbors, Nubian art on one hand remained independent in its forms of art, but on the other hand absorbed a new style and iconographic details, which is most visible in 12th-century wall painting. Most probably it reflected a changing lifestyle, inspired by the wider Middle Eastern world at that time. The late period, although characterized by much less activity and financial possibilities of individuals or communities, still shows flourishing activities of Nubian artists. Christian Nubian culture ended almost simultaneously with the Byzantine empire, leaving almost one thousand years of its unique heritage.
Exploitation of Geological Resources
Authors: Harrell James A. , Ali Mohamed Abdelrahman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNubia is well endowed with the geological resources needed to supply a succession of ancient cultures and kingdoms. Igneous and metamorphic rocks of the region’s Basement Complex provided most of the materials, including gold, copper, gemstones, and a variety of ornamental stones. Overlying the Basement Complex are sedimentary rocks and among these is the Nubian Sandstone Formation, which supplied the material used to build Nubia’s many temples and pyramids. This formation also provided the oolitic ironstone that was the raw material for Kushite iron production as well as two unusually hard varieties of sandstone—iron oxide-cemented ferricrete and quartz-cemented quartzite—that were used in buildings where extra strength was needed and also for many ornamental applications. Surficial sediments deposited by the Nile River and desert wadis were important sources of gold, gemstones, and, for ceramics, clay. A total of 117 ancient mines and quarries have been identified in Nubia with twenty-three for sandstone, seven for ornamental stones, four for quartzite, seventy-six for gold, five for copper, one each for iron and lead, and three for gemstones.
Wisdom in Patristic Interpretation
Authors: Ticciati Susannah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay explores the way in which wisdom language is used in the patristic period to articulate two corresponding unities: scriptural and cosmic. It does so through a focus on Athanasius’s treatment of Prov 8:22 in the context of the “Arian” controversy, showing how his christological identification of Wisdom (quite alien to the modern exegete) arises naturally from the intertextual reading practice he shares with most other authors from the period. It makes sense of this practice (which is equally alien to the modern exegete) in terms of a wisdom hermeneutic according to which the unity of Scripture is akin less to a plot than to an interconnected set of proverbs. It shows how Athanasius’s hermeneutic, for which Scripture is a unity, corresponds to an understanding of the unity of the cosmos in Christ as the Wisdom through which it was both created and renewed.
Wisdom in Nature
Authors: Habel Norman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on innate Wisdom located in nature by the wise, the scientists of the Wisdom school of the ancient Near East. In the Wisdom Manifesto of Job 28, God is portrayed as a Wisdom scientist who searches the face of Earth and “discerns” Wisdom in the forces of nature. In this school of thought, all living creatures and all domains of nature possess the innate “way” of Wisdom that determines their character. On his tour of the cosmos, Job is guided to discern Wisdom in all domains of the cosmos. In Proverbs 8, God acquires Wisdom as the primal blueprint for designing the cosmos. Innate Wisdom extends from the ants to the atmosphere, from the antelope to astrophysics.
Solomon and the Solomonic Collection
Authors: Dell Katharine J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solomon as the key figurehead of wisdom is explored in this article in relation to his character as the ideal wise man as portraits of him emerge from the narrative texts that introduce him in 1 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles. Crucial periods of his life related to wisdom as depicted there are focused upon—his birth and accession, his acquisition of wisdom, and the visit of the Queen of Sheba. Questions of Solomon’s historicity both as a person and in relation to the literary accounts that reveal him are examined in relation to the scholarship, as are matters regarding the nature of Solomon’s wisdom, which has also been under discussion. The Solomonic collection is then examined from brief references within the canon to whole books—such as Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs—that are more influenced by his persona. The article concludes with a brief glimpse of Solomon’s afterlife, in particular in Handel’s opera Solomon (1749).
Ecclesiastes
Authors: Forti Tova L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The figure of Qoheleth draws upon the historical figure of King Solomon. Though traditionally dated to that time, linguistic clues within Ecclesiastes have led scholars to consider the work a later composition. The purpose of the fictionalized royal setting of the work is then to concretize effectively its central idea: the futility of wealth, power, and wisdom in the face of the arbitrariness of death. Qoheleth is notable within his literary milieu for exercising independent judgment based on his observed environment. This central feature of the work has led scholars to explore parallels between Ecclesiastes and other ancient philosophical and sapiential literature, though no conclusive evidence of direct influence has been found. The dissonance between Qoheleth’s numerous conservative statements and skeptical observations contradicting traditional beliefs is the most characteristic theme of the work.
The Wisdom of Solomon
Authors: Aitken James K. , Matusova Ekaterina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Wisdom of Solomon combines Greek philosophical traditions with biblical exegesis to portray the eschatological fate of humans. To develop his argument, the author draws upon earlier texts in both a creative and a critical way, and integrates them, inconsistently, with Platonic philosophical themes. Imagery of and associations with the figure of Solomon from 1 Kings and Proverbs unite the sections of the book, but the biblical figure remains unnamed since the characteristics of all biblical figures are universalized. The author of Wisdom clearly used the Greek versions of such Hebrew works as Proverbs, 1 Kings, and Sirach, but also shows apparent familiarity with terms and themes from Hebrew works among the Dead Sea Scrolls, especially 4QInstruction. This would suggest some intermediary Greek version or a ready transfer of ideas between Hebrew and Greek Jewish writings. The philosophical material and social context place the work in late first century bce.
The Pursuit of Wisdom at Qumran
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the category of Wisdom Literature, primarily a designation for a type of biblical literature, has been applied to texts from the Dead Sea Scrolls. At the same time, the usefulness of Wisdom as a literary category has been questioned. This situation prompts us to examine why we have the category, what its limitations and problems are, and also to assess its value. Genre theory encourages us to understand the nature of Wisdom as a literary category, recognizing that it is not simply a taxonomic scheme but also an etic and constructed convention of reading. Employing this category to classify texts, from both the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, has pragmatic value for interpreters despite its limitations, since it helps us recognize the affinities between texts so classified and better understand the pedagogy of ancient Judaism.
Order
Authors: Schwienhorst-Schönberger Ludger 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The idea of order permeates Old Testament Wisdom Literature. This is true especially for Proverbs. In Job, this conception is brought into a crisis, whereas it is critically scrutinized in Ecclesiastes. In both cases, however, order is not rejected in principle, but its understanding deepened through the integration of seemingly contradictory insights and experiences. This deeper insight is accompanied by the theologization of wisdom, which enables the revelational and apophatic character of the biblical doctrine of God to become evident. God becomes a constitutive aspect of sapiential thinking, and yet the mysterious character of the divine reality remains unfathomable. Sirach and Wisdom of Solomon develop these two aspects each in their own manner, and explicitly connect them with Torah and Prophecy.
Wisdom in Egypt
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Current definitions of “Wisdom” for ancient Egypt often suffer from the influence of categories developed for the Hebrew Bible. Applying emic categories leads instead to a focus on instructions, which have a clear Egyptian term (sbꜣy.t). They are typically stylized as the teaching of a son by his father and authorized by the indication of name and title of the teacher. Often a prologue indicates the setting of the teaching more closely. Some historical development can be recognized, but at the same time, there are also contemporary compositions with different outlooks and social settings. For some periods, the older “classical” texts exist together with more recent ones, and the question of their respective role has still to be studied in more detail. The older compositions often have a casuistic structure of maxims recommending behavior in certain situations, while the younger ones are more loosely organized. The main aim of the texts is to teach how to have success in life.
Genetics and the Law
Authors: Mehlman Maxwell , Suter Sonia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines state and federal laws in the United States that govern legal and ethical issues concerning genetic and genomic analysis for diagnostic purposes; regulation of genetic testing, genetic discrimination, and privacy; and clinical applications of genomics. At the state level, legislatures have enacted laws in various areas, including newborn screening and nondiscrimination and privacy protections. In addition, state courts have addressed some issues concerning genetics, such as the duty to warn. At the federal level, the US Congress has enacted a specific statute, the Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act, which protects genetic information. Other federal statutes, which do not address genetics or genomics in particular, also have relevance in the genetics context, including laws that protect against certain forms of discrimination or that regulate laboratories. Federal agencies also play a role, for example, in protecting genetic privacy or regulating genetic tests. Finally, the US Constitution is relevant to genomics, especially concerning reproductive rights, which are pertinent to reproductive genetic testing.
Seventeenth-Century Lutheran Reception of Aquinas
Authors: Mayes Benjamin T. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcademic German Lutherans of the seventeenth century made full use of the theology and philosophy that had been handed down to them, in which Thomas Aquinas was a significant voice among other medieval schoolmen. Lutherans did not view Thomas as an authority, though many of them valued his thought. Normally he was to them an important medieval schoolman among many others. Having a shared theological heritage (Holy Scripture and St Augustine), points of similarity between Thomas and seventeenth-century Lutherans are not difficult to find. On the de auxiliis controversy, Lutherans accepted the new vocabulary of the Molinist side (middle knowledge) and rejected the new vocabulary of the Dominican side (natural predetermination), but did not find either side of the debate to be correct. Broad philosophical similarities between Thomas and seventeenth-century Lutherans could be demonstrated, but sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Aristotelian philosophers were far more influential.
Seventeenth-Century Catholic Reception Outside the de auxiliis Controversy
Authors: Robertson Charles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Seventeenth-century Thomists, with the exception of John of St Thomas, are today virtually unknown. Nevertheless, in their day they contributed to the Catholic reception of the thought of the Angelic Doctor not only by continuation of the commentarial tradition but also by engaging in the intramural Catholic debates in which the Holy See intervened. After introducing the reader to some of the more prominent Thomists of the century, this chapter outlines some Thomist responses to intramural Catholic debates concerning the formation of conscience in light of probable opinions, the nature of our desire for the beatific vision and its compatibility with love of God above self, and the role of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer.
Thomas Aquinas’ Reception in Fourteenth-Century Byzantium
Authors: Polemis Ioannis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe translation of the two Summae of Thomas Aquinas by the brothers Demetrios and Prochoros Kydones was an important event that set in motion several intellectual forces in Byzantium in the late fouteenth century. A close circle of intellectuals who were opposed to the teaching of Gregory Palamas embraced the scholastic movement and became estranged from the Byzantine Church. However, most Byzantine theologians, Neilos Kabasilas being most prominent among them, rejected Western scholasticism, arguing that the use of proofs as exemplified in the case of the discussion of theological problems by Aquinas was contrary to traditional theology. In spite of that, even some Orthodox theologians like Theophanes of Nicaea were influenced by the thought of Thomas Aquinas, considering it a valuable tool for the solution of various theological problems.
The Reception of Aquinas in the Philosophy of Nature and Science
Authors: Dodds Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although Thomas Aquinas’ philosophy of nature had a stormy reception by modern science, the discoveries of contemporary science have led to a warmer welcome. This chapter explains Aquinas’ understanding of science and the philosophy of nature and then reviews his account of the distinction of the sciences, including the ‘mixed sciences’ that apply mathematics to the study of nature. It briefly explains material, formal, efficient, and final causality as these function in his hylomorphic philosophy. It then considers his thought in relation to modern and contemporary science, sketches various approaches to a philosophy of nature in different schools of Thomism, and suggests how his thought might contribute to a philosophy of science. It concludes with a few principles essential to any authentic reception of his philosophy of nature.
Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russian Reception of Aquinas
Authors: Karpov Kirill 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The origin of Russian theological thought goes back to the middle of the seventeenth century. Its formation was stimulated by two outside factors—Catholic and Protestant scholasticism. Apart from obvious doctrinal differences, both are characterized by the application of the quaestio method, use of Latin, and the raising of precise and narrow questions. In the nineteenth century, with a rise in Orthodox theological self-consciousness accompanied by reform of the theological schools, the reception of Aquinas became more deliberate. This process involved both ecclesiastical and lay thinkers. In the latter group (especially the famous Slavophile circle), a harsh critique of scholasticism emerged, attacking both Catholic and Protestant (especially Lutheran) varieties. The Slavophiles claimed that the Western way of philosophizing is alien to Russian and, more broadly, to Orthodox life and reasoning. We find in this period perhaps the first sustained study of Aquinas’ legacy in the shape of a dissertation devoted to his moral teaching.
The Western Reception of Aquinas in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Jindráček Efrem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Western reception of Aquinas in the fifteenth century was characterized by the formation of the Thomistic school, with new authorities, most notably John Capreolus and Thomas de Vio, called Cajetan. In this period, there evolved various new disciplines––such as ecclesiology, moral theology, and social doctrine––which were absent in Aquinas’ works but founded on his principles. The authenticity of Aquinas’ works was examined closely and, after 1450, his texts were printed. Aquinas’ thought was successively established outside Dominican environments and commentaries were gradually added to his texts which successively replaced Peter Lombard’s Sentences. The increasing polemics among Albertists, Neoplatonists, Scotists, and Nominalists did not exclude an acceptance by Thomists of terminology or arguments not used by Thomas himself.
Sixteenth-Century Reception of Aquinas by Luther and Lutheran Reformers
Authors: Luy David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Luther’s reception of Aquinas depended to a large extent upon various receptions and uses of Aquinas’ theology he encountered in the early sixteenth century. The construal of Aquinas that Luther appropriated from these various sources rendered the angelic doctor indistinguishable in many salient respects from late medieval nominalist thinkers. As a result, Luther’s critique of Aquinas is frequently little more than a reiteration of arguments he had already formulated in his early anti-scholastic writings where Aquinas was not a significant person of interest. By the late 1510s, Luther came to blame Aquinas for the ascent of a pernicious Aristotelianism in medieval theology and thus felt compelled to reject Aquinas and Thomism in very strong terms. It is clear in retrospect that Luther misinterpreted Aquinas at a number of critical junctures. This fact raises important questions about the relationship between the theology of Luther and the theology of Aquinas.
How Might We Screen for Psychological Factors in People With Pelvic Pain? An e-Delphi Study
Authors: Pontifex Angela , Savin Caris , Park Caitlin , Nunes Alina Filipe , Chalmers K Jane , Neumann Patricia B , Ng Leo , Thompson Judith A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Persistent pelvic pain (PPP) is a complex condition often influenced by psychological factors that can alter treatment outcomes. These factors are potentially modifiable; however, currently there is no instrument to screen for them. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) which psychological factors should be screened in individuals with PPP, and (2) the most appropriate statements to represent these psychological factors.

Methods
The study used a focus group design followed by an electronic-Delphi (e-Delphi) process. A focus group consisting of 8 experts was conducted to determine the relevant psychological factors to screen. These results informed round 1 of the e-Delphi process, consisting of a panel of 14 pain/pelvic pain experts. The e-Delphi process consisted of 3 rounds of online surveys and 2 teleconference discussions to establish consensus on the most appropriate statement to screen for each of the psychological factors.

Results
The focus group identified 13 relevant psychological factors. During the e-Delphi process, relevant screening statements were assessed using a 100-point allocation system. Experts could reword and suggest new statements. Statements were assessed for consensus and stability and were eliminated as the rounds progressed if they met the exclusion criteria. At the termination of round 3, there were 15 statements remaining.

Conclusion
The final list of 15 statements will assist clinicians in screening for psychological factors and is an important step for clinicians in providing psychologically informed care to people with PPP. Future research should determine the psychometric properties of the statements to determine their clinical utility as a questionnaire.

Impact
This study has refined a list of statements to help screen for psychological factors in individuals with PPP. Developed robustly using an e-Delphi method, this list is an important first step forward for clinicians to provide psychologically informed care to these individuals.
Clinical Determinants of Dual Tasking in People With Premanifest Huntington Disease
Authors: Reyes Alvaro , Bartlett Danielle M , Rankin Timothy J , Zaenker Pauline , Turner Kate , Teo Wei-Peng , Fu Shih Ching , Domingos Josefa , Georgiou-Karistianis Nellie , Ziman Mel , Cruickshank Travis M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Dual-tasking deficiencies are common in people with Huntington disease (HD) and contribute to reduced functional independence. To date, few studies have investigated the determinants of dual-tasking deficiencies in this population. The reliability of dual-tasking measures has also been poorly investigated in HD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical determinants on dual-tasking performance and to determine the association of disease burden outcomes on dual-tasking performance in individuals with premanifest HD.

Methods
Thirty-six individuals with premanifest HD and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study. Participants performed 3 single-task (2 cognitive and 1 motor) and 2 dual-task assessments, comprising motor (postural stability) and cognitive (simple or complex mental arithmetic) components. In addition, participants performed a comprehensive clinical battery comprising motor, cognitive, mood, and sleep assessments as well as lifestyle and disease burden measures.

Results
Poorer sleep quality was associated with greater cognitive dual-task cost in individuals with premanifest HD. Compared with healthy controls, people with premanifest HD demonstrated an impaired capacity to dual task. Dual-task measures exhibited acceptable test–retest reliability in premanifest HD and healthy control groups.

Conclusion
These results show that dual-tasking measures are sensitive and reliable in individuals with premanifest HD. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is associated with worse cognitive performance on dual tasks, which should be considered by rehabilitation specialists when examining and therapeutically managing dual-tasking problems in individuals with HD and other neurodegenerative populations in the future.

Impact
This study adds important knowledge to the sparse literature on dual-tasking deficiencies in people with HD. When examining and therapeutically managing dual-tasking problems in this and other neurodegenerative populations, rehabilitation specialists should consider that people with premanifest HD may have an impaired capacity to dual task. Clinicians also should assess sleep quality, as poorer sleep quality is associated with worse cognitive performance on dual tasks in these individuals.

Lay Summary
If you have premanifest HD and poor quality of sleep, you may pay more attention to maintaining postural stability rather than performing arithmetic calculations to reduce the risk of falling.