bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AFRICAN CHILDREN AND SEXUALITY: A PERSPECTIVE ON TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
Authors: Gugulethu Nkosi  
Published: October 2021

For many years in South Africa, sexual acts with, and between children under the age of sixteen, were regarded as a sexual offence, even if consensual. A twist to this legal position was brought about by the case of Teddy Bear Clinic for abused Children v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development (2013 (12) BCLR 1429 (CC)), where the Constitutional Court decriminalized consensual sexual activity between children of certain age-ranges, starting from the age of twelve. Prior to serving before the Constitutional Court, this case was heard by the North Gauteng High Court. The application brought before the High Court challenged the constitutional validity of sections 15 and 16 of the Sexual Offences and Related Matters Act (32 of 2007) in as far as the said provisions criminalize a range of consensual sexual activities between children of a certain age. Sections 15 and 16 respectively criminalize acts of consensual sexual penetration and sexual violation between children.The court’s decision of decriminalizing consensual sexual acts of children of certain ages has created a space for a discourse on children and their decision-making on sexual matters. The court’s decision further paved way for a reflective discussion of traditional and contemporary approaches used in conscientizing children about their sexuality. As discussed below, the said approaches immensely influence the decisions that children make in sexual matters that affect them.It is asserted in this article that, while legal developments in the contemporary society emphasize the individualistic nature of a child when dealing with matters of his sexuality, it is argued that this approach cannot be the sole basis in dealing with sexuality of children. This is because the Constitution which serves as a bedrock of our legal system recognizes customary law as a distinct component of the South African legal system. It further recognizes the multi-cultural nature of the society within which children are raised. It provides that everyone has the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice, guided by the dictates of the Bill of Rights.
This article seeks to explore the extent to which the Constitution, in as far as it recognizes the pluralist nature of our society, is assimilated in legislation and case law when dealing with the sexuality of children.
Erythropoietin improves effects of mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental model of sepsis
Authors: Averyanov Alexandr V. , Konoplyannikov Anatolyi G. , Zabozlaev Fedor G. , Sorokina Anastasyi S. , Akulshin Dmitryi A. , Kuzovlev Oleg P. , Kukailo Natalia V. 
Published: October 2021

In the last years several studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to reduce the systemic inflammatory response and mortality in experimental models of sepsis. As recently found, the surface of MSCs have receptors for erythropoietin (EPO). So we hypothesized that the introduction of EPO together with MSCs may enhance their effect and improve the results of sepsis treatment.
Aim: То evaluate morphologic and immunologic effects of combined treatment with EPO and MSC in an experimental LPS sepsis model in rats.
Methods: 50 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: Group 1 - the healthy controls, Groups 2-5 were intraperitoneally introduced bacterial LPS 20 mg/kg. Two hours after LPS injection animals received the following intravenous treatments: Group 3 - 4xl05 allogeneic MSCs, Group 4 - 8.5 pg of recombinant EPO-beta, Group 5 - MSCs and EPO in the same doses. Surviving animals were euthanased on the 4th day. The morphological study of the liver, spleen, thymus, lungs, kidney tissues was performed. We analyzed the tissue changes, white blood cells count and serum level of IL-l, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-.
Results: Mortality in LPS groups did not differ. The highest white blood cells count was found in the group of combined treatment EPO+MSCs (8.15x106 cells/ml) compared with controls (2,15x10s cells/ml) and LPS controls (6,52x10s cells/ml). There were no differences in levels of TNF-, IL-2 and IL-6 between the groups, but serum IL-1 level in groups 2 and 4 was significantly higher than in treated with MSCs and MSCc + EPO animals. Histologically in the group 5 we observed significantly less leukocyte lung interalveolar septal infiltration and kidney tubular dystrophy. The most significant differences in group LPS + EPO were found in the lymphoid tissue - considerable hyperplasia of spleen white pulp and thymus cortex, whereas in the other groups different degrees of atrophy of the corresponding zones were noted.
Conclusions: Combined treatment with EPO and MSCs can reduce acute lung injury and kidney damage, cause hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and enhance the immune response more than separate treatment in an experimental model of sepsis in rats.
Practical aspects of cardiovascular risk factors identify in patients with diabetes type 1 and 2
Authors: Mamedov Mehman N. , Kovrigina Marina N. , Buzurtanov Marina B. 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the risk factors and comparative analysis of different methods of identify of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatient with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2.
Methods. In cross-sectional clinical study included 244 persons with type 1 and type 2 mean age 46,4 yrs. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire of WHO, they were measured blood pressure, heart rate, anthropometric data, including total fat mass with fat analyzer OMRON BF508. All patients were also measured venous and capillary blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (%), total cholesterol and triglycerides.
Results. The difference between the two measurement glucose methods (in venous and capillary blood) was 6,7 0,6%. In patients with type 1 diabetes hypertension occurs 2.5 times in less compared with patients with type 2 diabetes. The difference between blood pressure measured by mechanical and automatic devices was less than 1%. The percentage of body fat, including visceral fat, both women and men with type 2 diabetes by age corresponds to the high deviation from the norm. Most men and women with type 1 and type 2 had hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusion. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are identified, not only among individuals with type 2 diabetes, but among patients with type 1 diabetes.
Practical aspects of postoperative analgesia
Authors: Molchanov Igor V. , Burov Nikolai E. , Pulina Natalii N. , Cherkavsky Oleg N. 
Published: October 2021

The article summarizes the experience of the use of narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drugs for postoperative analgesia. Most basic algorithms of postoperative pain relief available in a hospital are considered in complex post-operative intensive care in surgical clinic.
Application of the recommended scheme is likely to prevent nosocomial narcotism in patients with prolonged pain.
Grotesque As Archetype of Poetic State In The Poetry of Frederik Rreshpa
Authors: Mandri Hajri 
Published: October 2021

Frederik Rreshpja, a famous Albanian poet, was born in Shkoder in 1940 and died in 2006. His first literary work, the poetry collection, "Albanian Rhapsody" was published in 1967. He was imprisoned and served 17 years in prison during the communist regime.After he was released from prison, lived in Tirana and published the volumes "The time has come to die again" - 1994, "Selected lyrics" - 1996, a collection that was announced the best national book of the year, as well the volume of poetry "In solitude " was to be published in 2004.The focus of the article is on the features of the poetic style specifically on the grotesque as an author’s poetic preference that constitutes a special point of view of the author.The grotesque as an archetype of the poetic state in Rreshpa's poetry is conceived as a way of artistic reflection and as a style of writing. The key function of the metaphor-grotesque is the transfer, within the form of expression, from one context to another context with poetic undertones.Grotesque is a way of expression or way of presentation in which exaggerated sides are put together in powerful and unexpected contrast, or the most mixed, distorted and isolated forms of reality…
Potentiality of E-recruitment System for Schools and Hospitals in Moshi Catholic Diocese
Authors: Vumilia, B Fr. , E Onyancha, , T Mtenga, 
Published: October 2021

The adaptation of e-recruitment is a very complex phenomena as its tends to address numerous organization obstacles and overcoming operative cost. In this digital era, many organizations' human resources prefer to use a set of digitalized appliances to identify new employees and examine their credentials, certifications, and characteristics. This study was conducted to examine the utilization of e-recruitment system in Moshi Catholic Diocese. The study was guided by three specific research objectives stated as: Firstly, to find out the extent to which e-recruitment system has been successful in MCD. Secondly, to eximine the benefits of e-recruitment system in MCD. Lastly, to asses the challengers of utilizing e-recruitment system in MCD. Additionally, the study useda cross-sectional design where by70 participants were sampled through stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling employed to sample Catholic Diocesan institutions. Furthermore, a questionnaire and structured interview used to collect data from the respondents, and the validity and reliability of the instrument was considered. Data collected analyzed through descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and percentages) and inferential statistics (chi-square test). The findings revealed that the Catholic Diocese of Moshi is using e-recruitment system in the whole process of hiring employees in their respective Schools and Hospitals higher than traditional approaches. Moreover, the method brought huge advantages to their institutions as most of the employees hired were found to be extremely reliable for the work assigned and effectively in the task implementation.
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Health Care Services among Married Women in Ethiopia: a Multi-level Analysis of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Budu Eugene , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Yaya Sanni 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective: Access to health care services is a major challenge to women and children in many developing countries such as Ethiopia. In this study, we investigated the individual- and community-level factors associated with barriers to accessing health care services among married women in Ethiopia.
Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey on 9,824 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were analyzed. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess individual- and community-level factors associated with barriers to access health care services. Regression analysis results revealed adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Over two-thirds (71.8%) of married women in Ethiopia reported barriers to accessing health care services. Some of the individual-level factors that were associated with lower odds of reporting barriers to access health care services include: having secondary education (aOR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.32-0.77), being in the richest quintile (aOR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.54), and indicating wife-beating as unjustified (aOR=0.66, 95% CI:0.55-0.81). Among the community-level factors, high community-level literacy (aOR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.34-0.92) and moderate community socioeconomic status (aOR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.85) were significantly associated with lower odds of reporting barriers to access health care services.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The findings revealed high barriers to access health care services, and both individual- and community-level factors were significant contributing predictors. Therefore, it is important to consider multidimensional strategies and interventions to facilitate access to health care services in Ethiopia.

Copyright © Zegeye et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Temporal Trends of Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations Among Pregnant Women in the United States: 2009-2018
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Garcia Brisa , Jacob Nisha , Salihu Hamisu 
Published: October 2021

There has been an increase in the incidence of Myocardial Infarction (MI) among pregnant women in the United States. There have been no studies examining the trends in the rates of gestational MI hospitalizations by race/ethnicity;and therefore, we undertook this study. No prior studies have examined the trends in the rates of gestational MI hospitalizations by race and ethnicity. In this study, we examined temporal trends of MI-related hospitalizations among pregnant women using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2009 to 2018. We performed joinpoint regression analyses to assess trends in the rates of MI by race/ethnicity during the study period. Overall, there was an increase in the rates of MI among pregnant women during the study period (from 9.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2009 to 18.1 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2018) with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 7.2, (95% Confidence Interval (CI)=[4.0, 10.5]. The overall rate of MI was highest in non-Hispanic (NH)-Blacks and the greatest increments in rates of MI-related hospitalizations were noted in NH-Blacks during 2013-2018, and in Hispanics during the entire study period (2009-2018). NH-Blacks and Hispanics bear a disproportionately high burden of MI among pregnant women in the US. More worrisome is the first-ever reported finding in this study of a widening Black-White disparity in MI-related hospitalizations over the past decade.

Copyright © Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Experimental Investigation of Trapped Oil Mobilization with Ferrofluid
Authors: Wang Ningyu , Liu Yifei , Cha Luming , Balhoff Matthew T. , Prodanovic Maša 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Nanoparticles have great potential to mobilize trapped oil in reservoirs because of their chemical, thermal, and interfacial properties. However, the direct application of magnetic forces on superparamagnetic nanoparticles in reservoir engineering applications has not been extensively investigated. We demonstrate the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential of hydrophilic superparamagnetic nanoparticles in oil production by direct observation using microfluidics. We studied the mobilization of oil blobs by a ferrofluid (a suspension of hydrophilic superparamagnetic nanoparticles in water) both in a converging/diverging micromodel channel and in a foot-long pore network micromodel, both with varying depth (so-called 2.5D micromodels). The water-based ferrofluid in all cases was the wetting fluid.
Initial ferrofluid flooding experiments in single channels were performed without and then with a static magnetic field. This magnetic field caused oil droplet deformation, dynamic breakup into smaller droplets, and subsequent residual oil saturation reduction. During the flooding, after the magnetic field was applied, significant oil displacement was observed within 2 hours [6 pore volumes injected (PVI)], and 86.2% of the oil that was not mobilized without a magnetic field was mobilized within 64 hours (192 PVI). Then, in experiments in the micromodel and in a Hele-Shaw cell without flooding, we observed self-assembly of oil droplets, indicating the formation of the hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticle microstructures (chains under the magnetic field) and their interaction with the oil blobs. Further ferrofluid flooding experiments were performed in a foot-long micromodel under a rotating magnetic field. The oil saturation was reduced from 44.6 to 33.3% after 17 hours (8.5 PVI) of ferrofluid flooding after the rotating magnetic field was applied. Finally, a discussion of field application of ferrofluid flooding is presented.
Practical Quantification of Sand Distribution from Perforation Erosion Measurements, An Example from Marcellus Shale
Authors: Floyd Gabin Oliver , Rivera Gerardo , Pichon Stephane , Jacot Henry , Archuleta Jason , Chirinos Jose , Rechkemer Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Unconventional wells require hydraulic fracturing to be economic. Several levers for improving well productivity are available including stage spacing, cluster spacing, and sand loading however much of the recent focus has been on perforation design as well as a more uniform distribution of sand and water. This paper proposes to evaluate how optimizing the perforation strategy might enhance stimulation distribution along the lateral, in the Marcellus shale.
Three different perforation designs were tested for better understanding of perforation efficiency, when considering design options such as perforation diameter, tapered perforating, and Extreme Limited Entry (XLE). A combination of step down tests, downhole perforation imaging and modeling are used to compare the different designs and support the conclusions.
Downhole ultrasonic perforation imaging, even if it only captures an end-of-job snapshot, provides valuable insight to the dynamics of limited entry perforating and sand distribution. The pre-fracture diameter is identified as a key uncertainty, while post-fracture measurements show variations from the specifications of the shape charge and, in some instances smaller perforation diameters when compared to the expected value. The current dataset allows for a better understanding on the concept of erosion and how to correlate erosion with actionable design parameters such as perforation diameter or rate per perf.
Downhole ultrasonic measurement of the perforation exit diameter, along with the corresponding erosion assumptions, are combined with modeling to recreate the rate and pressure evolution along the fracture stage., In addition, one can infer the actual volume of sand placed in each cluster in order to provide a quantitative assessment for future performance evaluation.
Methane and other Volatile HC Gasses in Produced-Water
Authors: Lahoti Raj 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Getting correct estimates for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from water storage tanks is not only important for maintaining emission compliance for state and national regulatory authorities, but also crucial in designing the capital-intensive systems for economic use of methane and other Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) gasses. This paper highlights the significance of gas liberated from produced water tanks in the fields. The paper presents a laboratory method to estimate such emissions from produced-water storage tanks by virtue of the in-situ water getting depressurized and releasing VOCs, and other emission gasses such as Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Further, the paper provides qualitative and quantitative assessment of the gas liberated from produced-water by analyzing the gas liberated from produced-water from gas-condensate reservoir wells from the Marcellus region.
OCTG Connection Testing Aiding in the Integrity of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: Blanc Carlos , Santi Nestor , Perello Leandro Abel , Ichim Adonis , Zestran Alexandru Adrian , Rodriguez Jordan Gonzalo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the increase in shale oil and gas activity and complexity, companies deploy new solutions to safely and efficiently drill, complete, and produce wells in unconventional plays. These include Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) connections, which must withstand installation, stimulation, and production loads specific to this application. Industry available standards provide manufacturers and operators a framework for quality founded on best practices and testing.
In some instances, existing testing protocols may not be adequate (e.g. insufficient or overconservative) to assess connections’ performance for this application. For this reason, the American Petroleum Institute established an expert working group to develop Technical Report 5SF (TR 5SF) intended to evaluate casing connections performance in multi-fractured horizontal wells.
The objective of this paper is to present a set of verified testing protocols applicable to casing connections used in the most common shale plays, complementing the existing body of knowledge.
We discuss testing elements and parameters tailored to the conditions of various shale plays. Based on the operations planned for the life of a well, the testing procedure is adjusted to resemble the expected conditions and loads in the correct order. This includes make-up, high-cycle fatigue associated with the casing string installation, thread compound degradation under temperature and time, and mechanical load cycles generated by stimulation. Specimen sealability is confirmed under production loads, after which failure testing is performed. Some of the inputs to build the testing protocol are: maximum internal pressure, axial load, dogleg severity, number of cycles, temperature, and fluid type.
Since connections play a crucial role in the integrity of a well, a testing procedure to ensure their performance is shown. Testing protocols for Multi-fractured Horizontal Wells (MFHW) applied to two connection types are presented, highlighting how tailored testing protocols and robust engineering improve product reliability and well integrity assurance.
We compile a set of testing inputs for the most relevant shale plays worldwide, together with the testing elements, sequence, and acceptance criteria. This should help end users validate and benchmark products’ performance while improving industry knowledge of connections capabilities.