bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the needle as risky as the knife? The prevalence and risks of body dysmorphic disorder in women undertaking minor cosmetic procedures
Authors: Pikoos Toni D , Rossell Susan L , Tzimas Nicky , Buzwell Simone 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Body dysmorphic disorder is commonly considered a contraindication for major cosmetic surgery, but whether body dysmorphic disorder relates to poorer outcomes from minor cosmetic treatment remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in clients seeking non-surgical cosmetic procedures and to examine whether body dysmorphic disorder clients are vulnerable in minor cosmetic settings. Vulnerability was explored in terms of psychological distress, unrealistic expectations and motivations for treatment outcome, and reduced satisfaction with past cosmetic procedures. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 154 women seeking minor cosmetic procedures which included the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire – Dermatology Version to screen for body dysmorphic disorder, and measures of cosmetic treatment motivation, expectations and satisfaction. Results: Roughly 25% of women in the current sample screened positive for a potential body dysmorphic disorder diagnosis. Participants with suspected body dysmorphic disorder demonstrated higher levels of psychological distress and more unrealistic expectations and motivations for cosmetic treatment, such as improving social or romantic relationships. However, body dysmorphic disorder participants reported similar levels of satisfaction with past minor cosmetic treatments to the non–body dysmorphic disorder group. Conclusion: While the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and treatment outcome warrants further investigation in prospective research tracking satisfaction and adverse reactions over time, this preliminary evidence suggests clients with suspected body dysmorphic disorder display several vulnerabilities in non-surgical cosmetic settings. Given the rapidly increasing accessibility of minor cosmetic procedures, further research is needed to determine their safety for clients with body dysmorphic disorder. Detection of body dysmorphic disorder in non-surgical cosmetic settings could facilitate earlier psychological intervention, promoting superior long-term outcomes.
Metaphors are like lenses: Electrophysiological correlates of novel meaning processing in bilingualism
Authors: Jankowiak Katarzyna , Naranowicz Marcin , Rataj Karolina 
Published: February 2021

Aims and objectives: The study provides new insights into how bilingual speakers process semantically complex novel meanings in their native (L1) and non-native language (L2). Methodology: The study employs an EEG method with a semantic decision task to novel nominal metaphors, novel similes, as well as literal and anomalous sentences presented in participants’ L1 and L2. Data and analysis: In total, 29 native speakers of Polish (L1) who were highly proficient in English (L2) took part in the study. The collected EEG signal was analyzed in terms of an event-related potential analysis. The statistical analyses were based on behavioral data (reaction times and accuracy rates) as well as mean amplitudes for the four conditions in the two languages within the N400 and LPC time windows. Findings: The results revealed the N400 effect of utterance type modulated by language nativeness, where the brainwaves for anomalous sentences, novel nominal metaphors, and novel similes converged in L2, while in L1 a graded effect was observed from anomalous sentences to novel nominal metaphors, novel similes and literal sentences. In contrast, within the late time window, a more pronounced sustained negativity to novel nominal metaphors than novel similes was observed in both languages, thus indicating that meaning integration mechanisms might be of similar automaticity in L1 and L2 when bilingual speakers are highly proficient in their L2. Altogether, the present results point to a more taxing mechanisms involved in lexico-semantic access in L2 than L1, yet such an increased effort seems to be resolved within the meaning integration phase. Originality: The findings present novel insights into how bilinguals construct new unfamiliar meanings and show how and when cognitive mechanisms engaged in this process are modulated by language nativeness. Significance: The study might provide crucial implications for further research on bilingual semantic processing as well as human creativity.
Changes in hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness characteristics with an increase in tumor diameter
Authors: Carr Brian I. , Guerra Vito , Donghia Rossella , Farinati Fabio , Giannini Edoardo G. , Piscaglia Fabio , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Di Marco Maria , Caturelli Eugenio , Zoli Marco , Sacco Rodolfo , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Marra Fabio , Mega Andrea , Morisco Filomena , Gasbarrini Antonio , Svegliati-Baroni Gianluca , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Missale Gabriele , Masotto Alberto , Nardone Gerardo , Raimondo Giovanni , Azzaroli Francesco , Vidili Gianpaolo , Oliveri Filippo , Trevisani Franco 
Published: February 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis depends on both liver and tumor determinants, especially on maximum tumor diameter, multifocality, and presence of portal vein thrombosis, despite apparently complete tumor removal by resection or liver transplantation. Aims: To examine parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma aggressiveness as tumor size increases. Methods: A large hepatocellular carcinoma database was examined for trends in serum alpha-fetoprotein and the percentage of patients with macroscopic portal vein thrombosis or tumor multifocality. Results: A total of 13,016 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were identified having full tumor and survival data. Of these, 76.56% were male and 23.44% were female, with a median age of 64.4 years. We found that as the maximum tumor diameter increased, there was a significant trend for increased alpha-fetoprotein levels ( P<0.001) and an increased percentage of patients with either portal vein thrombosis or tumor multifocality, each P<0.0001. Furthermore, the increases of both alpha-fetoprotein and portal vein thrombosis were proportionately greater than the related maximum tumor diameter increases. These trends of increased alpha-fetoprotein, portal vein thrombosis, and multifocality with increasing maximum tumor diameter had non-linear patterns. Within alpha-fetoprotein and multifocality trends, there were identifiable sub-trends associated with specific maximum tumor diameter ranges. Conclusions: The greater fold-increases in alpha-fetoprotein and portal vein thrombosis compared with increases in maximum tumor diameter imply that hepatocellular carcinoma characteristics may change with increasing size to a more aggressive phenotype, suggesting that follow-up tumor sampling might be useful, in addition to baseline tumor sampling, for optimal therapeutic choices to be made.
Can fecal calprotectin accurately identify histological activity of ulcerative colitis? A meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Xiaoqi , Wang Ying , Wang Harry H. X. , Feng Rui , Ye Ziyin , Han Jing , Li Li , Zeng Zhirong , Chen Minhu , Zhang Shenghong 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Elevated fecal calprotectin (FC) levels have been reported to correlate with histological activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity of UC remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity of UC, based on updated definitions. Methods: Related studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Adult participants diagnosed with UC were included when sufficient data could be extracted to calculate the accuracy of FC for evaluating histological activity. The primary outcome was histological response, and the secondary outcome was histological remission, defined according to a recently updated position paper of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization. Statistics were pooled using bivariate mixed-effects models. The area under the curve was estimated by summary receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: Nine studies were included, from which 1039 patients were included for the analysis of histological response and 591 patients for histological remission. For the evaluation of histological response, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–0.82], 0.77 (95% CI: 0.63–0.87), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76–0.83), respectively. For the evaluation of histological remission, the corresponding estimates were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71–0.81), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62–0.78), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75–0.82), respectively. FC had a higher accuracy in studies using Nancy Index. For histological response, the cut-off values of FC ranged from 50 to 172 µg/g, and the sensitivity was higher in studies with FC cut-off values >100 µg/g (0.77 versus 0.65). Conclusion: FC is a valuable biomarker for assessing histological activity in patients with UC. A cut-off value of 100–200 µg/g is more appropriate to spare patients from an unnecessary endoscopy and biopsy.
Safety and efficacy of daclizumab beta in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in a 5-year open-label study (EXTEND): final results following early termination
Authors: Kappos Ludwig , Cohan Stanley , Arnold Douglas L. , Robinson Randy R. , Holman Joan , Fam Sami , Parks Becky , Xiao Shan , Castro-Borrero Wanda 
Published: February 2021

Background: EXTEND (NCT01797965), an open-label extension study, evaluated the safety and efficacy of daclizumab beta in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) who had completed the randomized DECIDE study. Methods: Eligible participants who received either daclizumab beta or interferon beta-1a in DECIDE received daclizumab beta 150 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks for up to 5 years in EXTEND, followed by 24 weeks of post-dosing follow-up. Safety and tolerability were evaluated, as were clinical efficacy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). EXTEND was terminated ahead of schedule by the sponsors. Results: The total safety population ( N = 1203) received at least one dose of daclizumab beta in EXTEND. In the DECIDE and EXTEND combined periods, the median number of doses of daclizumab beta was 53; median time on treatment was 196 weeks. By 24 September 2018, the end of the study, 110/1203 (9%) participants had completed the protocol-specified treatment period and 1101/1203 (92%) had experienced an adverse event (AE). The most commonly reported AEs were MS relapse, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infection. Hepatic events (18%), cutaneous events (45%), and infections (62%) were common treatment-related AEs. The incidence of serious AEs was 29%, most commonly MS relapse and infections. The incidence of immune-mediated disorders was 2%; three of seven were encephalitis. Two of six deaths were considered treatment related. In participants who received continuous daclizumab beta throughout DECIDE and EXTEND, the treatment effects on clinical and MRI outcomes were maintained for up to 6 years. Conclusion: Results from the combined DECIDE-EXTEND study elucidate outcomes of longer-term treatment with daclizumab beta in the clinical trial setting and underscore the importance of pharmacovigilance with immunomodulatory therapies in the real-world setting.
Profiling of circulating tumor DNA and tumor tissue for treatment selection in patients with advanced and refractory carcinoma: a prospective, two-stage phase II Individualized Cancer Treatment trial
Authors: Riedl Jakob M. , Hasenleithner Samantha O. , Pregartner Gudrun , Scheipner Lukas , Posch Florian , Groller Karin , Kashofer Karl , Jahn Stephan W. , Bauernhofer Thomas , Pichler Martin , Stöger Herbert , Berghold Andrea , Hoefler Gerald , Speicher Michael R. , Heitzer Ellen , Gerger Armin 
Published: February 2021

Background: Molecular profiling (MP) represents an opportunity to match patients to a targeted therapy and when tumor tissue is unavailable, circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) can be harnessed as a non-invasive analyte for this purpose. We evaluated the success of a targeted therapy selected by profiling of ctDNA and tissue in patients with advanced and refractory carcinoma. Patients and methods: A blood draw as well as an optional tissue biopsy were obtained for MP. Whole-genome sequencing and a cancer hotspot panel were performed, and publicly available databases were used to match the molecular profile to targeted treatments. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) ratio (PFS on MP-guided therapy/PFS on the last evidence-based therapy), whereas the success of the targeted therapy was defined as a PFS ratio ⩾1.2. To test the impact of molecular profile-treatment matching strategies, we retrospectively analyzed selected cases via the CureMatch PreciGENE™ decision support algorithm. Results: Interim analysis of 24 patients yielded informative results from 20 patients (83%). A potential tumor-specific drug could be matched in 11 patients (46%) and eight (33%) received a matched treatment. Median PFS in the matched treatment group was 61.5 days [interquartile range (IQR) 49.8–71.0] compared with 81.5 days (IQR 68.5–117.8) for the last evidence-based treatment, resulting in a median PFS ratio of 0.7 (IQR 0.6–0.9). Hence, as no patient experienced a PFS ratio ⩾1.2, the study was terminated. Except for one case, the CureMatch analysis identified either a two-drug or three-drug combination option. Conclusions: Our study employed a histotype–agnostic approach to harness molecular profiling data from both ctDNA and metastatic tumor tissue. The outcome results indicate that more innovative approaches to study design and matching algorithms are necessary to achieve improved patient outcomes. EU Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu ): EudraCT: 2014-005341-44
Cannabis and Cigarette Use Before and After Living Kidney Donation
Authors: Bugeja Ann , Shams Ieta , Harris Sophie , Clark Edward G. , Burns Kevin D. , Sood Manish M. , Akbari Ayub 
Published: February 2021

Background: It is unclear whether kidney donation leads to lifestyle changes in terms of cannabis and cigarette use. Objective: To describe cigarette and cannabis use before and after kidney donation and to determine their associations with lifestyle and clinical factors. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Living Kidney Donor program in the Champlain Local Health Integration Network at The Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Canada. Patients: The study included 178 living kidney donors who donated between January 2009 and December 2018. Measurements: Donors were screened for cannabis and cigarette use by telephone interview. Their clinical characteristics and changes in kidney function before and after donation were recorded. Methods: Cannabis and cigarette use before and after kidney donation were compared using chi-square test. Risk factors associated with their use was examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to examine the association of cannabis and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at donation and at last follow-up. T-test was used to examine the association of cigarette smoking and CKD-EPI eGFR at donation and at last follow-up. Results: Among 305 donors, 262 met inclusion criteria and 178 participated (mean of 4.7 ± 2.9 years from kidney donation). Cannabis and cigarette use were reported by 5% (9 of 178) and 13% (23 of 178) at donation. After donation, 8% (14 of 178) and 5% (9 of 178) started cannabis and cigarettes, respectively; 74% (17 of 23) of smokers remained smokers after donation and 88% (53 of 60) who quit smoking before donation did not restart after donation. In multivariate analysis, non-married/common-in-law status was associated with cannabis use (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-7.11; P = .04). There was no difference in eGFR pre- or post-donation among cannabis or cigarette users. Limitations: The single-center study design limits generalizability. Social desirability bias may have affected survey responses and cigarette smoking was not quantified. Conclusions: Cannabis and cigarette use was uncommon in the studied population and was not associated with remaining kidney function. Cannabis use increased post-donation. Most smokers remained smokers after donation and most donors who quit smoking before donation did not restart after donation. This warrants education and support for potential donors who smoke, to quit smoking prior to donation to reduce risks of cardiovascular and end-stage kidney disease. Trial Registration: Not applicable as this is not a clinical trial.
Effectiveness of film as a health communication tool to improve perceptions and attitudes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chiong-Rivero Horacio , Robers Michael , Martinez Andrea , Manrique Clara P , Diaz Astrid , Polito Kelly , Vajdi Borna , Chan Chan , Burnett Margaret , Delgado Silvia R , Chinea Angel , McCauley Jacob L , Amezcua Lilyana ,   on behalf of the ARHMS investigators
Published: February 2021

Background Health communication tools like film are capable of reducing health disparities and could be effective in addressing negative illness perceptions of MS in Hispanics/Latinx. Objective To test the feasibility of using a culturally appropriate short narrative film to examine illness perceptions overtime and attitudes in Hispanics/Latinx affected with MS. Methods Participants were assigned to view a short narrative film (n = 130) or not (n = 106). The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to examine illness perceptions at baseline, one and three months. Focus groups were conducted at 6 months. Measures of sociocultural integration were obtained. Individual group BIPQ domains were evaluated over time using paired sample t-test. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine predictors of BIPQ change. Results A more positive perception of treatment (p < 0.0001) and understanding (p = 0.0003) were seen at 3 months for those exposed to film. Focus groups were effective in highlighting that the perceived disease prognosis, family support and awareness of MS contributes to attitudes. Exposure to film was found to be the strongest predictor (Beta:6.31, p = 0.01) of BIPQ change at three months. Conclusion Our results provide support that a short narrative film of MS in Hispanics/Latinx is a feasible intervention to change perceptions of MS to a more positive view.
Occurrence of plant secondary metabolite fingerprints in river waters from Eastern Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Nanusha Mulatu Yohannes , Krauss Martin , Sørensen Bettina Gro , Schulze Tobias , Strobel Bjarne W. , Brack Werner 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A large number of chemicals are constantly introduced to surface water from anthropogenic and natural sources. So far, unlike anthropogenic pollutants, naturally occurring compounds are not included in environmental monitoring programs due to limited knowledge on their occurrence and effects in the environment. Since previous studies suggest that natural compounds might contribute to mixture risks in aquatic ecosystems and for drinking water production, there is a need to increase empirical evidence on the occurrence of these compounds in aquatic systems. To this end, we performed target screening on 160 toxic secondary plant metabolites (PSMs), prioritized in silico for their likelihood of occurrence, persistence, toxicity and mobility in river waters, using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The samples were collected during rain events from three Danish rivers from an area covered by grassland, forest and agricultural crops.

Results
In total, 27 targets belonging to different compound classes such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids were detected, among them 12 compounds, which have not been reported in surface waters before. The most prominent compound class was the group of alkaloids with 41% of the detected targets, many of them detected in more than 80% of the samples. Individual compound concentrations were up to several hundred ng/L with the neurotoxic alkaloid coniine from poison hemlock and the flavonoid daidzein reaching maximum concentrations of about 400 and 282 ng/L, respectively. In some samples, especially from Vejle river, the rise in concentration of target compounds were associated with increase in the rain intensity and elevated water table in the river.

Conclusions
The measured natural toxin concentrations are well within the range of those of synthetic environmental contaminants and need to be considered for the assessment of potential risks on aquatic organisms and drinking water production.
Multi-dimensional data integration algorithm based on random walk with restart
Authors: Wen Yuqi , Song Xinyu , Yan Bowei , Yang Xiaoxi , Wu Lianlian , Leng Dongjin , He Song , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The accumulation of various multi-omics data and computational approaches for data integration can accelerate the development of precision medicine. However, the algorithm development for multi-omics data integration remains a pressing challenge.

Results
Here, we propose a multi-omics data integration algorithm based on random walk with restart (RWR) on multiplex network. We call the resulting methodology Random Walk with Restart for multi-dimensional data Fusion (RWRF). RWRF uses similarity network of samples as the basis for integration. It constructs the similarity network for each data type and then connects corresponding samples of multiple similarity networks to create a multiplex sample network. By applying RWR on the multiplex network, RWRF uses stationary probability distribution to fuse similarity networks. We applied RWRF to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify subtypes in different cancer data sets. Three types of data (mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression data) are integrated and network clustering is conducted. Experiment results show that RWRF performs better than single data type analysis and previous integrative methods.

Conclusions
RWRF provides powerful support to users to decipher the cancer molecular subtypes, thus may benefit precision treatment of specific patients in clinical practice.