bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in Internet of Underwater Things: A Survey
Authors: Okereke Chinonso , Abdul Wahab Nur Haliza , Mohamad Mohd Murtadha , Zaleha S H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Water, mostly oceans, covers over two-third of the earth. About 95% of these oceans are yet to be explored which includes 99% of the sea-beds. The introduction of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) underwater has become a powerful technology necessary to the quest to develop a SMART Ocean. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) play a crucial role in this technology because of their mobility and longer energy storage. In order for AUV technologies to be effective, the challenges of AUVs must be adequately solved. This paper provides an overview of the challenges of IoUT, the contributions of AUVs in IoUT as well as the current challenges and opening in AUV. A summary and suggestion for future work was discussed.
Effect of Current Density and Bath Temperature to The Corrosion and Wear Behaviour of Tungsten Carbide - Nickel Electrodeposition Coating
Authors: Hamidi Natasha Alina , Kamdi Z , Ainuddin A R , Hussin R , Ibrahim S A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The composite (ceramic-metal) coating has become a desired coating due to its higher wear and corrosion behaviour compares to metal coating only. This study focuses on the effect of the deposition parameter which is the current density and bath temperature on the corrosion and wear behaviour of the coating. As the current density and temperature will affect the movement of the electron during deposition, it is important to evaluate its effect on the coating thickness and its wear and corrosion performance. The mild steel was used as the substrate and nickel-tungsten carbide (Ni-WC) as the coating. Watts’s bath was used as an electrolyte with the addition of 25 g/l WC. 0.2 A/cm2 and 0.5 A/cm2 has been chosen as the current density while 30 °C and 50 °C as their temperature. The coating was characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Immersion test and weight loss test was used to evaluate the corrosion and wear behaviour respectively. The 3 g/l silicon carbide was used as abrasive materials in the wear testing. Vickers micro-hardness tester was used for hardness property evaluation. It is found that higher current density and higher bath temperature results in lower corrosion and wear rate which shows higher resistance.
Development of a Novel Aeration Measurement System to Evaluate Water Treatment Process in a River
Authors: Rani M F H , Kamarrudin N S , Shahriman A B , Razlan Z M , Wan K , Hashim M S M , Ibrahim I , Rahman A , Ibrahim Z , Faizi M K , Hassan M A S M , Abd Manap A A , Zainuddin I F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel aeration measurement system was developed to evaluate the water treatment process in a river to acquire a more comparable dissolved oxygen value even if various types of aerations are tested. The system comprises of DO sensor, water flowmeter, anemometer, PVC pipes, water pump, air compressor pump, and truck tyre tubes. The PVC pipes consisting of a main drainage hole, 5 holes for dissolve oxygen data collection, 1 hole as the location of aerator system, and connectors were designed as the major part of the system by using Computer Aided Design software. The main drainage hole (horizontal pipe) was designed to be 288.5 cm in length, while the measured holes (vertical pipes) were designed to be 45.7 cm in height. By considering a systematic approach, the designed system is hopefully able to solve measuring issue of dissolved oxygen in moving water and to provide a better evaluation of water treatment process.
The expert system for assessing fire risks of electrical installations in the agrarian industrial complex based on neural networks
Authors: Gabova M A , Nikolsky O K , Guner M V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of fire risks of the operation of electrical installations in the agro-industrial complex of the region. According to statistics, the number of fires occurring for electrical reasons is steadily increasing, which makes the issue of fire risk management relevant. In order to identify and prevent these risks, a technogenic safety system has been developed, presented as a set of methods and tools, which are based on the generation of new data on the causes of threats to the operation of electrical installations based on the analysis of data on the current state of the system. Highlighted characteristics such as Human Parameters, Electrical Installation Parameters and Environmental Parameters. Mathematical models of the given components are considered, a fire risk assessment tree is compiled, in which the input parameters and intermediate vertices with the solution methods in them were determined. The developed model can be used to carry out experiments in order to study the behavior of an electrical installation under various conditions. The application of this method is especially important in cases where the removal of indicators and testing of the operation of an electrical installation is impossible due to the risk of injury or material damage.
Optimization of a heterogeneous computing system architecture based on its coordination with a sensors group of a mobile unmanned platform
Authors: Stepanyuk V S , Emelyanov A M , Mirzoyan D I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the existing variety of sensors used in robotics and related fields and also proposes the architecture of a heterogeneous computing system designed to analyze data obtained from sensors of a mobile unmanned platform (MUP). A feature of unmanned platforms is the presence of tasks that require a significantly different level of performance of the on-board computing system for processing data from sensors of the corresponding type. Therefore, the adaptation of existing universal computing systems seems to be impractical, compared to the development of a specialized computing system with a heterogeneous architecture. The computing system is designed to solve problems of local navigation, stabilize the position of the MUP and control its movement, as well as control special equipment installed on the MUP. Often, if the goal is to ensure maximum efficiency, expressed in speed, accuracy and reliability, it is necessary to develop specialized devices. The article provides information on sensors of the main types used in robotics and indicates the requirements for the performance of a computing system necessary for processing data from sensors of this type. This, in turn, made it possible to propose a heterogeneous architecture containing processor subsystems focused on processing data from sensors requiring low, medium and high performance according to the considered classification.
Perspectives on tipping points in integrated models of the natural and human Earth system: cascading effects and telecoupling
Authors: Franzke Christian L E , Ciullo Alessio , Gilmore Elisabeth A , Matias Denise Margaret , Nagabhatla Nidhi , Orlov Anton , Paterson Shona K , Scheffran Jürgen , Sillmann Jana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Earth system and the human system are intrinsically linked. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have led to the climate crisis, which is causing unprecedented extreme events and could trigger Earth system tipping elements. Physical and social forces can lead to tipping points and cascading effects via feedbacks and telecoupling, but the current generation of climate-economy models do not generally take account of these interactions and feedbacks. Here, we show the importance of the interplay between human societies and Earth systems in creating tipping points and cascading effects and the way they in turn affect sustainability and security. The lack of modeling of these links can lead to an underestimation of climate and societal risks as well as how societal tipping points can be harnessed to moderate physical impacts. This calls for the systematic development of models for a better integration and understanding of Earth and human systems at different spatial and temporal scales, specifically those that enable decision-making to reduce the likelihood of crossing local or global tipping points.
A Proposed Improvement of Belanti II Tidal Irrigation Scheme, Kalimantan, to Support Leaching of Acid Sulphate Soil Reclamation
Authors: Setiawan A , Wignyosukarto B S , Rahardjo A P , Yakubson  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The reclamation process of acid sulphate soil of the Belanti II tidal irrigation scheme remains unfinished. During ebb tide, the upstream acidic drainage water retains and settles in the irrigation canals. During high tide, the acidic water flows back into some parts of the agricultural land and reduces rice productivity. The measured pH is about 2.5 ~ 3.5 and the measured electric conductivity is about 0,25 ~ 0,35 mS/cm. Sedimentation in the middle to the end of the primary, secondary, and collector canals and tidal pond at the upstream end of the primary canal, preventing the leaching process of sulfuric acid soil. Primary canal normalization as an alternative solution to increase the capability of acidity leaching is proposed. Leaching the acidic soil of Belanti II irrigated area of 3.976 ha requires 500 m3/ha/day of freshwater, equivalent to 1.998.000 m3/day. The one-dimensional HEC RAS mathematical model is used to evaluate the hydraulics performance to support the leaching process. The hydraulic analysis was carried out using two tidal cycles on the existing channel and the normalized channel. Channel normalization has succeeded in reducing the water supply deficit to support the leaching process from 39% to 9%.
Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in Kediri City, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widodo T , Wilopo W , Setianto A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is a water resource that is still a mainstay for humans. The need for groundwater increases with the growth of population and the development of the industrial and agricultural sectors. The residents of Kediri City still use wells from shallow aquifers to fulfill their water needs. Shallow aquifers are prone to pollution due to the influence of shallow groundwater depths and human activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the vulnerability of groundwater pollution in Kediri City. Groundwater vulnerability was conducted by the GOD method (Groundwater Occurrence, Overlaying Lithology, and Depth of Groundwater) that consists of 3 parameters, namely the groundwater confinement, the type of overlying strata, and the depth of the groundwater level. The analysis results show that the level of groundwater vulnerability according to the GOD method in Kediri City consists of moderate and high classes. The western and the eastern part of Kediri City is classified as a high level of vulnerability. In contrast, in the middle of Kediri City, it tends to experience a moderate level of vulnerability.
Analysis Water Quality of Springs on the East Slope of Mount Sumbing, Central Java, Indonesia for Sanitation Hygiene Purposes Based on the Physical and Chemical Properties
Authors: Erlinawati D , Wibisana M R , Putra D P E , Titisari A D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The eastern slope of Mount Sumbing has many springs used as a source of raw water for hygienic sanitation purposes. However, there has been no scientific research showing the quality of springs. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of springs on the eastern slopes of Mount Sumbing for community sanitation hygiene purposes based on water physical and chemical properties. Water samples were taken from several points in the study area and observed for physical parameters (TDS, smell, taste, and temperature) and chemical parameters (acidity, nitrate, fluoride, and sulfates). The results showed that from 30 samples of springs, only one spring fulfilled the Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 in 2017. The spring located at STA 51 Kaliloro, Krajan, Kaliangkrik, Magelang Regency. There was a spring classified as deep geothermal groundwater and the others classified as shallow groundwater. Based on the acidity of water, most of the springs on the eastern slopes of Mount Sumbing could be used as hygiene sanitation by treating the water acidity and regulating the purposes of springs.
Development of an Open Channel That Also Functions as a Wetland to Reduce Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Pungut  , Widyastuti S , Suhartanto E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Besides accommodating rainfall-runoff, the drainage channel of the Dukuh Menanggal area in Surabaya also accommodates domestic wastewater. The objective of developing the function is to degrade domestic wastewater pollution that flows into the drainage channel. The wetland is applied in the drainage channel with coarse sand media, Caladium (Caladium), and Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L) plant according to land size planning based on existing discharge, detention time, the porosity of the planting medium, and the root zone of the applied plants. The observed properties of domestic wastewater were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and detergents. The result is that the treatment of domestic wastewater passes through the artificial wetland in the drainage channel. The constructed wetland can reduce the contamination content of domestic wastewater for the parameters of BOD, COD, and detergents with efficiency levels of 46%, 61.8%, and 69%, respectively.
Analysis of water distribution system at Alang-Alang Lebar
Authors: Kusumastuti D I , Gustira A , Wahono E P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi manages and supplies clean water to Palembang city. The distribution network system of Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi is expected to distribute water sufficiently to all customers in the 18 districts this Municipal Waterworks serves. However, it was found that in Alang-alang Lebar service unit water was not delivered sufficiently. Moreover, Alang-alang Lebar service unit plans to improve the service so that the system will serve increasing customers until the next 20 years. This study aims to analyze the water distribution system to find the cause of insufficient water in Alang-Alang Lebar; predicting the number of customers in the next 20 years, and propose some improvements in the distribution system. A computer program EPANET was used to conduct the simulations on pipe networks. Data required for hydraulic analysis using EPANET was obtained from Municipal Waterworks Tirta Musi. The result shows that head pressure was the main problem in Alang-Alang Lebar. Adding discharge of pump reservoir, enlarging pipe diameters in some parts will improve the distribution performance. The proposed design of the distribution system will be able to deliver water for the next 20 years with an increasing number of the customer.
Determining the Depth of Local Scouring in a Downstream Energy Dissipation in the Physical Model Test
Authors: Lufira R D , Marsudi S , Agustien S , Khosin A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Karangnongko Weir is planned to be located in the Bengawan Solo River (Lower Solo River Basin) about 15 km downstream of the confluence of Bengawan Solo River with the Madiun River in Ngelo Village, Margomulyo Sub-District, Bojonegoro Regency, and Ngrawoh Village in Kradenan Sub-District, Blora Regency. This study aims to determine the Depth and pattern of scouring in downstream energy dissipation through physical model tests based on initial planning. Downstream protection of energy dissipation in the original design model combines 50 m of riprap rocks and 50 m of riprap concrete for a total length of 100 m of protection. The maximum scouring pattern occurred at elevation + 17.64 m, where the scouring was 4.36 m deep, from the planned essential height of Height 00 m. Thus, the downstream protection of energy dissipation was extended to 112 m in riprap concrete blocks for the final design model. Scouring at the end of riprap was 3.04 m, the original elevation of the river bottom of + 22.00 m, down to + 18.96 m. It is concluded that the protection is effective in reducing scouring by up to 30.27%.
Determination of the length of Bogowonto double jetty as the river mouth stabilization
Authors: Bhakty T E , Swasono A H , Yuwono N , Ghalizhan A F , Widyasari T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the problems around estuaries with the wave-dominated combination of a small tidal range and low river discharges in the dry season was the mouth closed by a sand barrier. Longshore sediment flows silted up the river mouth while river flows were insufficiently large for flushing sand barriers. When the wet season started, river discharge suddenly enlarged. Discharge can’t flow through the river mouth due to being hindered by the sand barrier. The consequence was that the hinterlands were inundated. Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is located in a coastal area of Kulon Progo regency, between two river mouths (Bogowonto river and Serang River). The two rivers have unstable river mouths. The double Jetty had been built at the Bogowonto river, but its condition was damaged. Meanwhile, the breakwater was constructed at the river mouth Serang and called Tanjung Adikarto. Double Jetties will be built to stabilize the Bogowonto river mouth. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the length of the Jetty to be more effective in stabilizing the Bogowonto river mouth. Therefore, so that more easily opened by river flow and does not cause excessive erosion on the one side of the Jetty.
Model Calibration Parameter Using Optimization Trial in HEC-HMS for Unda Watershed
Authors: Eryani G A P , Amerta I M S , Jayantari M W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In water resource planning, information on water availability is needed. Nowadays, data on water availability is still difficult to obtain. With technology in the form of a rainfall-runoff simulation model that can predict water availability in the Unda watershed. It can add information about the potential for water in the Unda watershed. It can be used to prepare water resources management in the Unda watershed so that the existing potential can be used sustainably. Based on the rainfall simulation model results in the Unda watershed, it can be concluded that after running the initial model and calibration. The results are obtained R2 value was 0.68 and increased by 9.81% to 0.754. Both the initial model and the calibration model show an efficient R2 value, NASH value increases by 49.93% to 0.713, which includes satisfactory criteria, RMSE value of 1.135 and decreased by 49.47% to 0.758, and the PBIAS value was 44.70% which was classified as unsatisfactory and decreased from 80.24% to 24.80% at the time of calibration which was classified as satisfactory. In general, the overall simulation results are quite good for representing the watershed’s efficient hydrological process.
Validation of Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) Data in Wonorejo Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni S , Sisinggih D , Dewi I A G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to test the validation of precipitation data from CHIRPS compared to measurement data. The study location is Wonorejo Reservoir, Indonesia. The methods in this research were 1) data quality test with the consistency test and stationary test, and 2) validity test with parameters of NSE value and correlation. The study results show that 1) The data quality test shows that the precipitation data from CHIRPS are consistent and homogeneous; 2) The validity test is carried out in two stages, for uncorrected data and corrected data. According to NSE value, the validity of test results on uncorrected data shows that CHIRPS’s precipitation data are unsatisfactory. When viewed from the correlation, the precipitation data from CHIRPS has a very strong relationship to precipitation measurement data. The next step is to test the validity of the corrected data. The validation test of corrected data shows that precipitation data from CHIRPS is satisfactory according to NSE value. Moreover, the precipitation data from CHIRPS strongly correlates with the precipitation measurement data. This study indicates that the precipitation data from CHIRPS can be utilized as alternative precipitation data if measurement data are limited.
Rainfall-Runoff Simulation for Water Availability Estimation in Small Island Using Distributed Hydrological Model wflow
Authors: Seizarwati W , Syahidah M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hydrological data in Indonesia, especially in the small islands, is minimal, including spatial distribution and temporal completeness. It will affect the accuracy of water availability estimation for water resources management interest. One of the solutions that can be undertaken is applying rainfall-runoff modeling to obtain the discharge value at a specific location. This study aims to determine surface water availability in each sub-catchment of the small island by implementing the hydrological model. The wflow model is applying to perform the model. This model uses input data including Digital Elevation Model (DEM), landuse, soil, Leaf Area Index (LAI), rainfall, evapotranspiration, and observation of river discharge for the calibration process. As a result, this island consists of 30 catchments with some potential catchments, namely Cao, Sakita, and Tatamo, that have a 90% dependable flow of 4213.3 L/s, 3803.6 L/s 8117 L/s, respectively. The result of water availability in Morotai Island is highly expected to be the reference for water resources management, especially for tourism and urban development.
Ponding time in infiltration process for different land use
Authors: Hidayati I K , Suhardjono  , Harisuseno D , Suharyanto A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPonding time is the period from the beginning of rainfall/infiltration until the occurrence of ponding. This paper aims to determine the infiltration rate and ponding time on different land uses, such as open fields, residential, agriculture, and vegetation. This research was conducted in one of the watersheds in the Brantas River Basin, namely the Lesti River Basin, which is administratively included in the Malang Regency, East Java. The Lesti River is one of the tributaries of the Brantas River, which originates around Mount Semeru, a very intensive area for planting rice, sugar cane, and coffee. Infiltration data were collected at 35 points using a double-ring infiltrometer spread across the Lesti watershed with Andosol, Mediterranean, and Regosol soil types. At the same time, ponding time was obtained from infiltration measurements in the field using the flooding method. The physical properties of the soils were tested in the laboratory to obtain water content, porosity, and bulk density values. This study resulted in the infiltration rate and ponding time for each land use and shows how the physical properties of the soil affect the ponding time.