bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition at diagnosis and throughout therapy in pediatric patients with solid tumors: A single‐institution study in a developing country
Authors: Sasse Patricia , Bergmann Anke , Afonso Wanelia , Ladas Elena J. , Ferman Sima 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundChangesin nutritional status can constitute a risk factor for reduced tolerance and effectiveness of antineoplastic treatment. Knowledge of the nutritional status of pediatric patients is important for implementing interventions to improve outcomes. We aimed to evaluate nutritional status at diagnosis and throughout therapy in pediatric patients with solid tumors.ObjectivesTo study the prevalence of malnutrition at diagnosis, compare different assessment tools, and examine longitudinal changes in nutritional status during the treatment of pediatric patients with solid tumors in a Brazilian institution.MethodsThis prospective single‐center study enrolled patients with solid tumors (age <19 years) from June 2017 to May 2018. Nutritional evaluations were performed at diagnosis and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. z‐Scores for height for age (H/A) and body mass index for age (BMI/A) were calculated using the Anthro/AnthroPlus software and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) percentile was used for nutritional classification.ResultsThe prevalence of nutritional status at diagnosis was 29.3% malnourished, 49.5% adequate, and 21.2% overweight/obese. Nutritional status improved during the first 3 months of treatment, with a reduction in the proportion of malnourished patients and an increased number of patients with adequate nutritional status.ConclusionsThe two combined indices, BMI/A and MUAC, facilitated the diagnosis of a greater number of patients with solid tumors who had nutritional alterations. A high prevalence of malnutrition was present at diagnosis. Nutritional status improved in the first 3 months of treatment and could be related to the multidisciplinary institutional approach following the diagnosis.
Sesamum indicum Oleosin L improves oil packaging in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Yee Suyan , Rolland Vivien , Reynolds Kyle B. , Shrestha Pushkar , Ma Lina , Singh Surinder P. , Vanhercke Thomas , Petrie James R. , El Tahchy Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant oil production has been increasing continuously in the past decade. There has been significant investment in the production of high biomass plants with elevated oil content. We recently showed that the expression of Arabidopsis thaliana WRI1 and DGAT1 genes increase oil content by up to 15% in leaf dry weight tissue. However, triacylglycerols in leaf tissue are subject to degradation during senescence. In order to better package the oil, we expressed a series of lipid droplet proteins isolated from bacterial and plant sources in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. We observed further increases in leaf oil content of up to 2.3‐fold when we co‐expressed Sesamum indicum Oleosin L with AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1. Biochemical assays and lipid droplet visualization with confocal microscopy confirmed the increase in oil content and revealed a significant change in the size and abundance of lipid droplets.
Depyrogenation using plasmas: A novel approach for endotoxin deactivation using a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Bhatt Naman , Brier‐Jones Justin , Trosan Duncan , Brinkley Cade , Pecoraro Joshua , Smallwood Jann , Crofton Andrew , Hudson Samuel , Kirsch Wolff , Stapelmann Katharina , Shannon Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping a low‐cost depyrogenation process is vital in extending the medical applicability of polymers that can be used in medicine. We present an overview of the plasma‐based depyrogenation literature and address the need to develop a nonthermal plasma‐based depyrogenation process for delicate materials such as chitosan. We present a low‐cost plasma apparatus to treat chitosan powder in hermetically sealed bags. We decouple the experiments into two parts: depyrogenation experiments for dried standard endotoxin on glass slides and analysis of chitosan modifications through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate depyrogenation efficacy with up to a 4‐log reduction in endotoxin levels and discuss minor changes observed in plasma‐treated chitosan.
Chinook salmon rearing habitat–discharge relationships change as a result of morphodynamic processes
Authors: Moniz Peter J. , Pasternack Gregory B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRelationships between fluvial aquatic habitat availability and discharge are often assumed to remain static when used with hydrologic datasets to analyze changes in habitat availability over time. Despite this assumption, studies have observed significant changes in aquatic habitat availability before and after restoration projects, dam removals, and extreme flood events. However, research is lacking on how aquatic habitat changes as a result of morphodynamic processes during more commonly occurring hydrologic conditions. This study compared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing habitat availability at 19 discharges before and after a relatively mild 8‐year hydrologic period punctuated with modest floods on the lower Yuba River in California, USA. During this time, the total area of rearing habitat remained relatively consistent at discharges <2× bankfull but decreased by up to 25% at discharges >2× bankfull. Significant decreases in rearing habitat area appeared to be the result of widespread erosion on floodplains, terraces, and lateral bars, even after only modest floods. As a result, spatially delineated areas of lost habitat tended to increase in water depth and velocity at baseflow, bankfull, and floodplain‐filling discharges, while areas of gained habitat decreased in depth and velocity. Although these specific results may not apply to all rivers around the world, the finding that habitat–discharge relationships change as a result of morphodynamic processes likely does transfer globally and should be considered when making long‐term regulatory and management decisions, such as instream flow requirements and habitat restoration plans.
When Treatment Adherence Matters: Interactions Among Treatment Adherence, Instructional Quality, and Student Characteristics on Reading Outcomes
Authors: Capin Philip , Roberts Greg , Clemens Nathan H. , Vaughn Sharon 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the extent to which teachers’ treatment adherence, instructional quality, and the interaction of these variables influenced eighth‐grade students’ content knowledge and reading comprehension. We examined treatment fidelity for students (n = 775) in classes randomly assigned to receive an evidence‐based content area reading program called Promoting Adolescents’ Comprehension of Text. Results indicate that teachers’ instructional quality was a statistically significant, positive predictor of student content knowledge and reading comprehension performance, whereas teachers’ treatment adherence was not. Statistically significant interactions between treatment adherence and instructional quality were present, such that teachers’ treatment adherence had a stronger impact on student learning outcomes when their overall instructional quality was low. Moderator analyses also revealed that students’ pretest performance and English learner status influenced the effects of treatment adherence and instructional quality on student outcomes. These findings help elucidate the conditions under which Promoting Adolescents’ Comprehension of Text leads to improved outcomes, and more broadly, underscore the importance of carefully examining dimensions of treatment fidelity when testing the effects of treatment programs.
The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications
Authors: Ford James D. , Pearce Tristan , Canosa Ivan Villaverde , Harper Sherilee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change and is projected to experience the most warming this century of any world region. We review the societal aspects of these current and projected changes. Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge holders living in communities across the Arctic have detected unprecedented increases in temperature, altered precipitation regimes, and changing weather patterns, documenting impacts on terrestrial and marine environments. These local observations situate climate change as one of multiple interacting stressors. Arctic societies have exhibited resilience to climate change, but vulnerabilities are emerging at the nexus of changing environmental conditions and socioeconomic pressures. Infrastructure is highly susceptible to permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, compounded by the age of infrastructure, maintenance challenges, and cost of adapting. Livelihoods and cultural activities linked to subsistence harvesting have been affected by changes to wildlife, with coping mechanisms undermined by long‐term processes of land dispossession and landscape fragmentation. Reduced sea ice coverage and changing ice dynamics are creating opportunities for enhanced shipping, oil and gas production, and deep‐water fisheries. Legal, infrastructural, economic, and climatic challenges are expected to constrain such developments, with concerns over the distribution of potential benefits. Adaptation is already taking place in some sectors and regions, with efforts directly targeting climate impacts and also addressing underlying determinants of vulnerability. Barriers and limits to adapting are evident. Research that develops projections of future climate impacts is advancing, but studies examining the implications of such changes for communities or economies remain in their infancy.This article is categorized under:
Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Impossible Standards and Unlikely Trade-Offs: Can Fathers be Competent Parents and Professionals?
Authors: Ladge Jamie J. , Humberd Beth K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany questions remain with respect to what it actually means to be an involved father today and the ways in which organizations can encourage a more holistic view of men as ideal parentsandprofessionals. In this chapter, we reflect on these considerations by drawing from prior research and set an agenda for further examining fatherhood in an organizational context.
The New Dad: The Career-Caregiving Conundrum
Authors: Harrington Brad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter draws mainly from “The New Dad” studies, a decade long research series done by the Boston College Center for Work & Family which studied the changing role of primarily college-educated, white-collar fathers working in large US-based corporate settings. The series explored the experiences of these fathers on a wide range of issues including their transition to fatherhood, work roles, definitions of success, attitudes on paternity leave and caregiving, and work-family issues.
French Fathers in Work Organizations: Navigating Work-Life Balance Challenges
Authors: Tanquerel Sabrina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims at contributing to a better understanding of the challenges and tensions that French working fathers experience at work in trying to achieve work-life balance. Drawing on a sample of 20 fathers, aged 27–51, working in different work organizations, in-depth interviews were conducted to investigate how these fathers navigate tensions between the simultaneous pressure for having a successful career and for embodying an involved fatherhood. The findings show that the fathers’ perceptions and expectations towards work-life balance are different from women, fathers often associating their needs for work-life balance with occasional and informal flexibility and not always viewing the organization as a source of solutions. Heterogeneously influenced by their cultural ideals of work and fatherhood, they expect now more proactivity, recognition and support on the part of their organization and supervisor to fully carry out their fatherhood. A typology of three profiles with different ways of combining fatherhood and work is derived: the ‘breadwinner’ father, the ‘caring father’ and the ‘want to have it all’ father. These categories are further developed highlighting the practices and strategies French fathers mobilize to solve their work-life equation.
Reducing Barriers to Engaged Fatherhood: Three Principles for Promoting Gender Equity in Parenting
Authors: Bowles Hannah Riley , Kotelchuck Milton , Grau Marc Grau 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this concluding chapter is to offer scholars, policy makers, and organizational leaders a preliminary framework for diagnosing barriers to engaged fatherhood and for generating policies, programs, and behavioral interventions to promote gender equity in parenting. We start by reviewing the case for engaged fatherhood to support the health and welfare of men and their families and to regain momentum in the stalled revolution toward gender equality. Building from the cross-disciplinary and cross-national collaboration that led to the construction of this edited volume, we propose three working principles for reducing the barriers to engaged fatherhood: (1) create individual, non-transferable parenting resources explicitly for fathers, (2) reduce economic conflicts between breadwinning and caregiving, and (3) build supportive social networks for engaged fatherhood. We explain how these principles apply to social policy, as well as to work and healthcare practices—the three fields of scholarship and practice represented at our original Fatherhood Experts Meeting. We conclude with suggestions for further cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural collaboration to enhance engaged fatherhood.
How Do Men Talk about Taking Parental Leave? Evidence from South Korea, Spain, and the U.S.
Authors: Bueno Xiana , Oh Eunsil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study explores how men in South Korea, Spain, and the U.S. use parental leave and shows how distinct labor-market structures, divisions of unpaid and paid labor, and parental leave policies shape individuals’ intentions and decisions to utilize leave policies. Using in-depth interviews of 80 men, we show two important findings: One, in Spain and the U. S., the systematized monetary support strongly encourages fathers to use parental leave whereas in South Korea, a generous policy becomes of little use because work culture heavily discourages men from taking leave. Two, gender norms shape the desirability of using parental leave regardless of the availability of the policy. An emerging group of men in Spain and the U.S. actively reconstruct what an engaged father should do whereas Korean men took it for granted that fathers should not take leave, instead should work even harder to be a responsible father. In the end, this study shows how the monetary structure and schema of what an engaged father should do shape how men approach and use parental leave in three different contexts.
The Soil Habitat and Considerations for Synthetic Biology
Authors: Barbato Robyn A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms serve as agents for synthetic biology. It certain instances, the technology is reliant on survival of the genetically-altered microorganism in the natural environment. This chapter offers insight into the soil system to improve the performance of genetically-altered microorganisms in the natural environment. This chapter covers the soil system, the fitness of genetically altered organisms, and considerations for their survival and proliferation in nature. This chapter does not discuss the ecological consequences of survival in the natural environment or the regulatory considerations to distribute a genetically-altered organism in the environment. In addition to regulatory approval, both considerations should be critically reviewed before a genetically-altered organism is distributed in the environment.
Emerging Biotechnology and Information Hazards
Authors: Nieuwenweg Anna Cornelia , Trump Benjamin D. , Klasa Katarzyna , Bleijs Diederik A. , Oye Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiotechnology innovation has never been more accessible to individuals, companies, and (research)organizations. Advances in genetic engineering, declining costs, and improved education have improved access to biotechnologies. Such openness has provided many benefits as biotechnology has been used to address some of the world’s most intractable problems However, increased access to biotechnology tools and knowledge may also pose risks to humans, animals, and the environment (Meyer 2013; Kera 2014; Li et al. 2017; Oye 2012).
Lie Derivatives of the Shape Operator of a Real Hypersurface in a Complex Projective Space
Authors: Pérez Juan de Dios , Pérez-López David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider real hypersurfacesMin complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka–Webster connections. Associated with the generalized Tanaka–Webster connection we can define a differential operator of first order. For any nonnull real numberkand any symmetric tensor field of type (1,1)BonM, we can define a tensor field of type (1,2) onM,$$B^{(k)}_T$$BT(k), related to Lie derivative and such a differential operator. We study symmetry and skew symmetry of the tensor$$A^{(k)}_T$$AT(k)associated with the shape operatorAofM.
Topological Properties of the Immediate Basins of Attraction for the Secant Method
Authors: Gardini Laura , Garijo Antonio , Jarque Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the discrete dynamical system defined on a subset of $$R^2$$

R
2

given by the iterates of the secant method applied to a real polynomial p. Each simple real root $$\alpha $$
α
of p has associated its basin of attraction $${\mathcal {A}}(\alpha )$$

A
(
α
)

formed by the set of points converging towards the fixed point $$(\alpha ,\alpha )$$

(
α
,
α
)

of S. We denote by $${\mathcal {A}}^*(\alpha )$$

A

∗

(
α
)

its immediate basin of attraction, that is, the connected component of $${\mathcal {A}}(\alpha )$$

A
(
α
)

which contains $$(\alpha ,\alpha )$$

(
α
,
α
)

. We focus on some topological properties of $${\mathcal {A}}^*(\alpha )$$

A

∗

(
α
)

, when $$\alpha $$
α
is an internal real root of p. More precisely, we show the existence of a 4-cycle in $$\partial {\mathcal {A}}^*(\alpha )$$

∂

A

∗

(
α
)

and we give conditions on p to guarantee the simple connectivity of $${\mathcal {A}}^*(\alpha )$$

A

∗

(
α
)

.
Dynamics of Weighted Composition Operators on Spaces of Entire Functions of Exponential and Infraexponential Type
Authors: Beltrán-Meneu María J. , Jordá Enrique 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven an affine symbol$$\varphi $$φand a multiplierw, we focus on the weighted composition operator$$C_{w, \varphi }$$Cw,φacting on the spacesExpand$$Exp^0$$Exp0of entire functions of exponential and of infraexponential type, respectively. We characterize the continuity of the operator and, forwthe product of a polynomial by an exponential function, we completely characterize power boundedness and (uniform) mean ergodicity. In the case of multiples of composition operators, we also obtain the spectrum and characterize hypercyclicity.
Periodic Solutions of Second-Order Differential Equations in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Fonda Alessandro , Klun Giuliano , Sfecci Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence of periodic solutions of some infinite-dimensional systems by the use of the lower/upper solutions method. Both the well-ordered and non-well-ordered cases are treated, thus generalizing to systems some well-established results for scalar equations.
Identifying critical transitions in seasonal shifts of zooplankton composition in a confined coastal salt marsh
Authors: Quintana Xavier D. , Antón-Pardo Maria , Bas-Silvestre Maria , Boix Dani , Casamitjana Xavier , Compte Jordi , Cunilllera-Montcusí David , Gascón Stéphanie , Menció Anna , Obrador Biel , Tornero Irene , Sala Jordi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZooplankton assemblages in the confined coastal lagoons of La Pletera salt marshes (Baix Ter wetlands, Girona, Spain) are dominated by two species: one calanoid copepod (Eurytemora velox) and the other rotifer (Brachionusgr.plicatilis). They alternate as the dominant species (more than 80% of total zooplankton biomass), with the former being dominant in winter and the latter in summer. Shifts between these taxa are sudden, and intermediate situations usually do not last more than 1 month. Although seasonal shifts between zooplankton dominant species appear to be related with temperature, other factors such as trophic state or oxygen concentration may also play an important role. Shifts between species dominances may be driven by thresholds in these environmental variables. However, according to the alternative stable states theory, under conditions of stable dominance a certain resistance to change may exist, causing that gradual changes might have little effect until a tipping point is reached, at which the reverse change becomes much more difficult. We investigated which are the possible factors causing seasonal zooplankton shifts. We used high-frequency temperature and oxygen data provided by sensors installed in situ to analyse if shifts in zooplankton composition are determined by a threshold in these variables or, on the other hand, some gradual change between stable states occur. Moreover, following the postulates of the alternative stable states theory, we looked at possible hysteresis to analyse if these seasonal zooplankton shifts behave as critical transitions between two different equilibriums. We also examined if top-down or bottom-up trophic interactions affect these zooplankton shifts. Our results show that shifts between dominant zooplankton species in La Pletera salt marshes are asymmetric. The shift to aEurytemorasituation is mainly driven by a decrease in temperature, with a threshold close to 19 °C of daily average temperature, while the shift toBrachionusdoes not. Usually, the decrease in water temperature is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen oscillation with values always close to 100% oxygen saturation. Moreover, oxygen and temperature values before the shift to calanoids are different from those before the reverse shift toBrachionus, suggesting hysteresis and some resistance to change when a critical transition is approaching. Top-down and bottom-up forces appear to have no significant effect on shifts, since zooplankton biomass was not negatively correlated with fish biomass and was not positively related with chlorophyll, in overall data or within shifts.
COMBINATORICS OF CANONICAL BASES REVISITED: STRING DATA IN TYPE A
Authors: GENZ V. , KOSHEVOY G. , SCHUMANN B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe give a formula for the crystal structure on the integer points of the string polytopes and the *-crystal structure on the integer points of the string cones of type A for arbitrary reduced words. As a byproduct, we obtain defining inequalities for Nakashima–Zelevinsky string polytopes. Furthermore, we give an explicit description of the Kashiwara *-involution on string data for a special choice of reduced word.