bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central apnea and periodic breathing in children with underlying conditions
Authors: Ghirardo Sergio , Amaddeo Alessandro , Griffon Lucie , Khirani Sonia , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCentral sleep apneas and periodic breathing are poorly described in childhood. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of central sleep apnea and periodic breathing in children with associated medical conditions, and the therapeutic management. We retrospectively reviewed all poly(somno)graphies with a central apnea index ≥ 5 events per hr in children aged > 1 month performed in a paediatric sleep laboratory over a 6‐year period. Clinical data and follow‐up poly(somno)graphies were gathered. Ninety‐five out of 2,981 patients (3%) presented central sleep apnea: 40% were < 1 year, 41% aged 1–6 years, and 19% aged ≥ 6 years. Chiari malformation was the most common diagnosis (13%). Mean central apnea index was 20 ± 30 events per hr (range 5–177). Fifty‐eight (61%) children had an exclusive central pattern with < 5 obstructive events per hr. Periodic breathing was present in 79 (83%) patients, with a mean percentage of time with periodic breathing of 9 ± 16%. Among periodic breathing episodes, 40% appeared after a sigh, 8% after an obstructive event, 6% after breathing instability and 2% after bradypnea. The highest clinical apnea index and percentage of time with periodic breathing were observed in children with encephalopathy and/or epilepsy (68 ± 63 events per hr and 30 ± 34%). Clinical apnea index did not differ according to age, while periodic breathing duration was longer in children > 1 year old. Watchful waiting was performed in 22 (23%) patients with spontaneous improvement in 20. Other treatments (upper airway or neurosurgery, nocturnal oxygen therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, non‐invasive ventilation) were effective in selected patients. Central sleep apnea is rare in children and comprises heterogeneous conditions. Sleep studies are essential for the diagnosis, characterization and management of central sleep apnea.
The impact of Baby Friendly Initiative accreditation: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Fair Frankie J. , Morrison Alison , Soltani Hora 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite its reported benefits, breastfeeding rates are low globally, and support systems such as the Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) have been established to support healthy infant feeding practices and infant bonding. Increasingly reviews are being undertaken to assess the overall impact of BFI accreditation. A systematic synthesis of current reviews has therefore been carried out to examine the state of literature on the effects of BFI accreditation. A systematic search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Maternal and Infant Health, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and PROSPERO was undertaken. Study selection, data extraction and critical appraisal of included reviews using the AMSTAR‐2 tool were undertaken by two authors, with disagreements resolved through discussion with the third author. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis of findings was applied. Fourteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. Overall confidence in the results of the review was rated as high for three reviews, low for two reviews and critically low for nine reviews. Most evidence suggests some increase in breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding, and one main trial suggests decreased gastrointestinal infection and allergic dermatitis in infants. However, overall certainty in the evidence was rated as very low across all outcomes due to concerns over risk of bias within and heterogeneity between the original studies. More contemporary, good‐quality randomised controlled trials or well‐controlled prospective comparative cohorts are required to better evaluate the impact of full BFI accreditation, with particular attention paid to the context of the research and to long‐term maternal and infant health outcomes.
SWEET genes and TAL effectors for disease resistance in plants: Present status and future prospects
Authors: Gupta Pushpendra K. , Balyan Harindra S. , Gautam Tinku 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSWEET genes encode sugar transporter proteins and often function as susceptibility (S) genes. Consequently, the recessive alleles of these SWEET genes provide resistance. This review summarizes the available literature on the molecular basis of the role of SWEET genes (as S genes) in the host and corresponding transcription activator‐like effectors (TALEs) secreted by the pathogen. The review has four major sections, which follow a brief introduction: The first part gives some details about the occurrence and evolution of SWEET genes in approximately 30 plant species; the second part gives some details about systems where (a) SWEET genes with and without TALEs and (b) TALEs without SWEET genes cause different diseases; the third part summarizes the available information about TALEs along with interfering/truncated TALEs secreted by the pathogens; this section also summarizes the available information on effector‐binding elements (EBEs) available in the promoters of either the SWEET genes or the Executor R genes; the code that is used for binding of TALEs to EBEs is also described in this section; the fourth part gives some details about the available approaches that are being used or can be used in the future for exploiting SWEET genes for developing disease‐resistant cultivars. The review concludes with a section giving conclusions and future possibilities of using SWEET genes for developing disease‐resistant cultivars using different approaches, including conventional breeding and genome editing.
Nonlinear plant–plant interactions modulate impact of extreme drought and recovery on a Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Haberstroh Simon , Caldeira Maria C. , Lobo‐do‐Vale Raquel , Martins Joana I. , Moemken Julia , Pinto Joaquim G. , Werner Christiane 
Published: June 2021

SummaryInteraction effects of different stressors, such as extreme drought and plant invasion, can have detrimental effects on ecosystem functioning and recovery after drought. With ongoing climate change and increasing plant invasion, there is an urgent need to predict the short‐ and long‐term interaction impacts of these stressors on ecosystems.We established a combined precipitation exclusion and shrub invasion (Cistus ladanifer) experiment in a Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber) ecosystem with four treatments: (1)Q. subercontrol; (2)Q. suberwith rain exclusion; (3)Q. suberinvaded by shrubs; and (4)Q. suberwith rain exclusion and shrub invasion. As key parameter, we continuously measured ecosystem water fluxes.In an average precipitation year, the interaction effects of both stressors were neutral. However, the combination of imposed drought and shrub invasion led to amplifying interaction effects during an extreme drought by strongly reducing tree transpiration. Contrarily, the imposed drought reduced the competitiveness of the shrubs in the following recovery period, which buffered the negative effects of shrub invasion onQ. suber.Our results demonstrate the highly dynamic and nonlinear effects of interacting stressors on ecosystems and urges for further investigations on biotic interactions in a context of climate change pressures.
AnAgrobacterium‐mediated stable transformation technique for the hornwort modelAnthoceros agrestis
Authors: Frangedakis Eftychios , Waller Manuel , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Xu Xia , Yue Yuling , Tjahjadi Michelle , Gunadi Andika , Van Eck Joyce , Li Fay‐Wei , Szövényi Péter , Sakakibara Keiko 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDespite their key phylogenetic position and their unique biology, hornworts have been widely overlooked. Until recently there was no hornwort model species amenable to systematic experimental investigation.Anthoceros agrestishas been proposed as the model species to study hornwort biology.We have developed anAgrobacterium‐mediated method for the stable transformation ofA. agrestis, a hornwort model species for which a genetic manipulation technique was not yet available.High transformation efficiency was achieved by using thallus tissue grown under low light conditions. We generated a total of 274 transgenicA. agrestislines expressing the β‐glucuronidase (GUS), cyan, green, and yellow fluorescent proteins under control of the CaMV 35S promoter and several endogenous promoters. Nuclear and plasma membrane localization with multiple color fluorescent proteins was also confirmed.The transformation technique described here should pave the way for detailed molecular and genetic studies of hornwort biology, providing much needed insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying symbiosis, carbon‐concentrating mechanism, RNA editing and land plant evolution in general.
Variant analyses of candidate genes in orofacial clefts in multi‐ethnic populations
Authors: Li Mary , Olotu Joy , Buxo‐Martinez Carmen J. , Mossey Peter A. , Anand Deepti , Busch Tamara , Alade Azeez , Gowans Lord J. J. , Eshete Mekonen , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Naicker Thirona , Awotoye Waheed O. , Gupta Sagar , Adeleke Chinyere , Bravo Valeria , Huang Siyong , Adamson Olatunbosun O. , Toraño Ada M. , Bello Carolina A. , Soto Mairim , Soto Marilyn , Ledesma Ricardo , Marquez Myrellis , Cordero Jose F. , Lopez‐Del Valle Lydia M. , Salcedo Maria I. , Debs Natalio , Petrin Aline , Malloy Hannah , Elhadi Khalid , James Olutayo , Ogunlewe Mobolanle O. , Abate Fekir , Hailu Abiye , Mohammed Ibrahim , Gravem Paul , Deribew Milliard , Gesses Mulualem , Hassan Mohaned , Pape John , Obiri‐Yeboah Solomon , Arthur Fareed K. N. , Oti Alexander A. , Donkor Peter , Marazita Mary L. , Lachke Salil A. , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Butali Azeez 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesCleft lip with/without cleft palate and cleft palate only is congenital birth defects where the upper lip and/or palate fail to fuse properly during embryonic facial development. Affecting ~1.2/1000 live births worldwide, these orofacial clefts impose significant social and financial burdens on affected individuals and their families. Orofacial clefts have a complex etiology resulting from genetic variants combined with environmental covariates. Recent genome‐wide association studies and whole‐exome sequencing for orofacial clefts identified significant genetic associations and variants in several genes. Of these, we investigated the role of common/rare variants inSHH,RORA,MRPL53,ACVR1, andGDF11.Materials and MethodsWe sequenced these five genes in 1255 multi‐ethnic cleft lip with/without palate and cleft palate only samples in order to find variants that may provide potential explanations for the missing heritability of orofacial clefts. Rare and novel variants were further analyzed using in silico predictive tools.ResultsNinteen total variants of interest were found, with variant types including stop‐gain, missense, synonymous, intronic, and splice‐site variants. Of these, 3 novel missense variants were found, one inSHH, one inRORA, and one inGDF11.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that variants inSHH,RORA,MRPL53,ACVR1, andGDF11may contribute to risk of orofacial clefts in various populations.
Clinical Observations of Kümmell Disease Treatment Through Percutaneous Fixation Combined with Vertebroplasty
Authors: Gan Dong‐Hao , Fang Meng‐Ze , Xue Hai‐Peng , Tan Guo‐Qing , Li Nian‐Hu , Li Zhi‐Chao , Xu Zhan‐Wang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the safety and efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty for the treatment of stage III Kümmell disease.MethodsThe clinical data and follow‐up results of 22 patients with Kümmell disease who were admitted to our department from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. There were 14 females and eight males, and the Age range was 58–81 years. All patients were followed up for 24 months. The treatment method was percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty. The patient general information such as age, gender, bedrest time and location of fracture vertebrae were recorded. The clinical symptoms and imaging data of visual analogue scale (VAS), bone cement leakage, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Cobb angle, anterior, middle and posterior height of the diseased vertebral body, and complications were recorded before operation and during follow‐up.ResultsFor patients enrolled, no bone cement leakage was observed during the operation; no patients developed infections after operation. The operation was safe and resulted in a short bedrest time. The VAS score and ODI index at 3 and 24 months postoperative (2.86 ± 0.83, 31.68% ± 6.21%; 3.0 ± 0.82, 32.78% ± 6.05%) were significantly lower than that recoded preoperatively (7.59 ± 0.59, 71.5% ± 8.84%) (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the records at 3 and 24 months after operation (P > 0.05). Imaging data showed that the bone cement and screws were in good position and did not move during postoperative and follow‐up. The anterior, middle and posterior height of the diseased vertebral body measured 2 days after surgery (23.46 ± 4.72, 23.12 ± 3.05, 25.81 ± 2.22) and at last follow‐up (20.83 ± 4.48, 21.78 ± 2.74, 24.74 ± 1.93) were higher than that recorded preoperatively (13.08 ± 4.49, 12.93 ± 3.53, 19.32 ± 2.73) (P < 0.05), and the Cobb angle measured 2 days and 24 months after operation (9.57 ± 4.63, 10.68 ± 3.97) were lower than that recorded preoperatively (28.24 ± 8.95) (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found between the values recorded at 2 days and 24 months after operation (P > 0.05). Follow‐up for 24 months, there was no re‐fracture of the diseased vertebrae and internal fixation loosening, but two cases of adjacent vertebral refracture complications occurred, and the effect was good after PVP treatment.ConclusionShort‐segment percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty in the treatment of stage III Kümmel disease can effectively restore the height of the diseased vertebrae, kyphosis correction, reduce trauma, prevent the diseased vertebral body from collapsing again, and effectively improves clinical symptoms.
Titanium Alloy Gamma Nail versus Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Bionic Gamma Nail for Treating Intertrochanteric Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Kuo , Ding Kai , Cui Yun‐wei , Cheng Xiao‐dong , Yang Wei‐jie , Hou Zhi‐yong , Zhang Ying‐ze , Chen Wei , Hu Pan , Zhu Yan‐bin 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo using finite element analysis to investigate the effects of the traditional titanium alloy Gamma nail and a biodegradable magnesium alloy bionic Gamma nail for treating intertrochanteric fractures.MethodsComputed tomography images of an adult male volunteer of appropriate age and in good physical condition were used to establish a three‐dimensional model of the proximal femur. Then, a model of a type 31A1 intertrochanteric fracture of the proximal femur was established, and the traditional titanium alloy Gamma nails and biodegradable magnesium alloy bionic Gamma nails were used for fixation, respectively. The von Mises stress, the maximum principal stress, and the minimum principal stress were calculated to evaluate the effect of bone ingrowth on stress distribution of the proximal femur after fixation.ResultsIn the intact model, the maximum stress was 5.8 MPa, the minimum stress was −11.7 MPa, and the von Mises stress was 11.4 MPa. The maximum principal stress distribution of the cancellous bone in the intact model appears in a position consistent with the growth direction of the principal and secondary tensile zones. After traditional Gamma nail healing, the maximum stress was 32 MPa, the minimum stress was −23.5 MPa, and the von Mises stress was 31.3 MPa. The stress concentration was quite obvious compared with the intact model. It was assumed that the nail would biodegrade completely within 12 months postoperatively. The maximum stress was 18.7 MPa, the minimum stress was −12.6 MPa, and the von Mises stress was 14.0 MPa. For the minimum principal stress, the region of minimum stress value less than −10 MPa was significantly improved compared with the traditional titanium alloy Gamma nail models. Meanwhile, the stress distribution of the bionic Gamma nail model in the proximal femur was closer to that of the intact bone, which significantly reduced the stress concentration of the implant.ConclusionThe biodegradable magnesium alloy bionic Gamma nail implant can improve the stress distribution of fractured bone close to that of intact bone while reducing the risk of postoperative complications associated with traditional internal fixation techniques, and it has promising clinical value in the future.
Examining the association of medical complications and posttraumatic stress symptoms in pediatric solid organ transplant patients and their caregivers
Authors: Masood Saba S. , Triplett Kelli N. , Killian Michael , Mayersohn Gillian S. , Desai Dev M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been reported by pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) patients and their caregivers well after transplantation. This study examined the relationship between PTSS, medication adherence, and medical complications in SOT patients and their caregivers. A secondary aim examined the association between patient and caregiver‐reported PTSS.MethodsPediatric SOT patients (N = 69) and caregivers (N = 73) reported on PTSS by completing the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (patients 8–17 years) or the Impact of Events Scale—Revised (patients 18 years and older and caregivers). Patient medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Level Variability Index (MLVI). Patients were dichotomized as experiencing a post‐transplant medical complication (ie, transplant‐related hospital admission prior to the year completing measures of PTSS) or no complications.ResultsMedication adherence was not significantly associated with patient or caregiver PTSS. A moderate effect size was found for elevated young adult and caregiver PTSS and the presence of a medical complication. Generally, the association between self‐reported patient and caregiver PTSS was low.ConclusionsThe presence of elevated PTSS in young adult patients may be partially explained by the presence of proximal medical complications and more so by comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in child and adolescent patients (based on exploratory analyses). Caregivers of patients with medical complications within the past year reported higher levels of PTSS. Overall, transplantation and its associated impact on PTSS may be unique experience for patients versus caregivers. Qualitative research may further elucidate these experiences and inform future clinical interventions.
Large for size in pediatrics liver transplant using left lateral segment grafts: A single center experience
Authors: Zakaria Hazem Mohamed , Alobthani Salah , Elsarawy Ahmed , Saleh Yahia , Zidan Ahmed , Alabbad Saleh , Elsheikh Yasser , Algoufi Talal , Shagrani Mohammad , Troisi Roberto Ivan , Broering Dieter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are still controversies in using the large left lateral segment in pediatrics LT, with the possibility of the problem of LFS grafts, and the use of monosegmental or reduced liver grafts in small infants. This study aimed to evaluate our experience with LFSG in pediatrics LT.MethodsA cohort retrospective analysis was conducted including pediatric recipients who underwent LT between January 2011 and October 2019. We compared recipients with GRWR ≥ 4% (LFS) vs GRWR < 4% as an average for size grafts.ResultsThere were 331 pediatric LT, 74 patients with GRWR ≥ 4%, and 257 patients with GRWR < 4%. In the group of LFS grafts, temporary abdominal closure by silicon patch was done in 39 patients (52.7%), 2 patients (2.7%) had postoperative HAT, 3 patients (4.1%) early PVT, 1 patient (1.3%) bile leak, and 3 patients (4.1%) had wound infection, with no significant difference in these complications between the 2 groups. In patients with LFS‐ grafts, the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐year patients survival rates were 94.6%, 91.7%, 91.7%, and 91.7%, respectively, while the survival rates in patients of the other group were 96.1%, 92.6%, 91.9%, and 91.9%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = .85).ConclusionUsing LFS graft by left lateral segment in pediatric LT with potential delayed abdominal closure is a safe and feasible option with good outcomes and unnecessary need for graft reduction if performed by an experienced multidisciplinary team.
Development strategies for middle‐income countries in a digital world—Insights from modern trade economics
Authors: Mayer Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe digitalisation of economic activities, combined with a secular slowdown in the growth of global output and trade, reduces the potential of traditional export‐oriented manufacturing as a development strategy. This paper takes a trade economics perspective to outline a possible response to the changed nature of industrialisation. The outlined response currently applies mainly to middle‐income countries but deserves attention also in longer‐term development strategies of low‐income countries. The paper argues that digital technologies affect trade costs through various mechanisms, which apply differently to manufactures and services and determine decisions of multi‐product firms on what to produce for what market. Emphasising big data analysis of customer preferences as an input to manufacturing, the paper finds that (i) industrialisation and service‐oriented development strategies are complements, rather than substitutes; (ii) access to data on customer preferences is an asset for developing countries; and (iii) data governance, which harnesses the increasing dependence of manufacturing on data, and innovation policies, which give greater importance to indigenous innovation, crucially augment the potential of industrialisation as a development strategy in a digital era.
Fibrosis: Sirtuins at the checkpoints of myofibroblast differentiation and profibrotic activity
Authors: Zullo Alberto , Mancini Francesco Paolo , Schleip Robert , Wearing Scott , Klingler Werner 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibrotic diseases are still a serious concern for public health, due to their high prevalence, complex etiology and lack of successful treatments. Fibrosis consists of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. As a result, the structure and function of tissues are impaired, thus potentially leading to organ failure and death in several chronic diseases. Myofibroblasts represent the principal cellular mediators of fibrosis, due to their extracellular matrix producing activity, and originate from different types of precursor cells, such as mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor‐β signalling pathway, which is a major factor driving fibrosis. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies showed that fibrotic degeneration can stop and even reverse by using specific antifibrotic treatments. Increasing scientific evidence is being accumulated about the role of sirtuins in modulating the molecular pathways responsible for the onset and development of fibrotic diseases. Sirtuins are NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylases that play a crucial role in several molecular pathways within the cells, many of which at the crossroad between health and disease. In this context, we will report the current knowledge supporting the role of sirtuins in the balance between healthy and diseased myofibroblast activity. In particular, we will address the signalling pathways and the molecular targets that trigger the differentiation and profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts and can be modulated by sirtuins.