bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elasticity and high-pressure behavior of Mg2Cr2O5 and CaTi2O4-type phases of magnesiochromite and chromite
Authors: Shieh Sean R. , Khan Tauhid Belal , Mi Zhongying , van Zyl Mauritz , Rodriguez Ricardo D. , Prescher Clemens , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies on magnesiochromite, MgCr2O4, and a natural chromite, (Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)2O4, using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique were performed at pressures to ~45 GPa. Our results on MgCr2O4 at ~15 GPa showed temperature-induced dissociation of MgCr2O4 to Cr2O3+MgO below ~1500 K and formation of modified ludwigite (mLd)-type Mg2Cr2O5+Cr2O3 above ~1500 K. Above 20 GPa, only a single phase with the CaTi2O4-type structure of MgCr2O4 was observed at 1400–2000 K. A second-order Birch-Murnaghan fit to pressure-volume data for the CaTi2O4-type phase of MgCr2O4 yields zero-pressure volume (V0) = 264.4(8) Å3 and bulk modulus (K0) = 185.4(4) GPa, and for the CaTi2O4-type structure of natural (Mg,Fe)(Al,Cr)2O4 yields V0 = 261(1) Å3 and K0 = 175.4(2) GPa. A second-order Birch-Murnaghan fit to pressure-volume data of mLd-type Mg2Cr2O5 yields V0 = 338.9(8) Å3 and K0 = 186.5(6) GPa. The obtained high-pressure phase relations of chromite spinels can be used as an indicator for shock pressure in impact rocks and meteorites. The bulk moduli of the high-pressure phases of MgCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 can help develop a thermodynamic model for Mg and Fe end-member spinels in the upper mantle and transition zone.
A comparative analysis of clinical and morphological features of retinal detachment in pediatric and adult practice
Authors: Sergienko A. A. , Malyshev A. V. , Apostolova A. S. 
Published: March 2021

Рurpose. A comparative analysis of clinical and morphological features of retinal detachment (RD) in pediatric and adult practice.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 100 case histories of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RD in children aged 7 to 18 (mean age 12.6 ± 1.2 years) and adults aged 19 to 80 (mean age 56.8 ± 2.4 years) was performed prior to standard surgery (subtotal vitrectomy with endolaser coagulation and filling of the vitreous cavity with tamponade substances) and 6 months after it. The main parameters for the comparative analysis were gender, age, RD type, cause (risk factor), stage of development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), best corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, presence of postoperative complications, anatomical adherence of the retina after surgery, the fact of reoperation. Statistical analysis was carried out according to two criteria — chi-square and Fisher's test.Results. Statistically significant differences in the type and cause (risk factors) of RD, were found. In children, rhegmatogenous RD was less common than in adults (69 % of cases compared with 80 % of cases), while traction RD was more common in children (29 % of cases compared to 19 % of adult cases). The C stage of PVR development in children were found to be almost twice as common as in adults. Postsurgical outcomes were found to be significantly higher in adults compared with children.Conclusion. RD type, causes and outcomes are statistically different in pediatric and adult practice. Significantly less successful functional and anatomical results of RD surgery in children reflect differences in etiology, pathogenetic features (PVR stage) of the disease, as well as an increased risk of postoperative complications.
The risk of forming neurological disease in extremely premature infants: a review of literature and clinical cases
Authors: Milovanova Olga A. , Amirkhanova Dzhenneta Y. , Mironova Alyona K. , Dzhukkayeva Maryam M. , Komissarova Olga A. , Avakyan Georgii G. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Premature infants are at risk of developing central nervous system malformations; therefore, increased survival rates among infants with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight have contributed to the rise in prevalence of neurologic deficit in extremely premature infants.Purpose. To summarize the literature data and demonstrate rare family clinical observations of preterm infants associated with adverse neurological outcomes as a result of exposure to various perinatal factors.Materials and methods. For the literature review, we used data from full-text scientific research from international scientific databases. The influence of ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors on the neurological outcome of the disease was studied in two male sibs born at 27 weeks of gestation with a weight of 980 and 970 grams, a body length of 34 and 33 cm, and an Apgar score of 5/7 and 6/7, respectively. The analysis of anamnestic data and results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination was performed; the catamnestic observation was 24 adjusted months of life.Results.The presented observations revealed a combination of various ante-, intra-and postnatal risk factors that lead to CNS damage in preterm infants. The obtained results indicate that prematurity and extremely low birth weight are not the only risk factors for neurological disorders, but the burdened neonatal period (congenital sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, lung atelectasis, neonatal convulsions, and 2-degree intraventricular hemorrhage verified by USC/MRI of the brain on both sides) contributed to the formation of neurogolic pathology in the second examined sibs. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, and a larger study is needed.Conclusion.Thus, the obtained results indicate that prematurity, extremely low birth weight and low Apgar score are not the only risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders. A combination of several significant ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors is necessary for the development of severe perinatal CNS damage, the formation of adverse neurological outcomes, and severe delay in motor and psycho - speech development in preterm infants. The prognosis of neurological outcome in a preterm baby requires long-term dynamic monitoring and a comprehensive approach using clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, requiring additional more extensive research.
Respiratory infections of combined etiology in the clinical practice of the pediatrician
Authors: Nikolaeva Svetlana V. , Usenko Denis V. , Khlypovka Yuliya N. , Shabalina Svetlana V. , Gorelov Aleksandr V. 
Published: March 2021

Acute respiratory infections hold the leading position in the structure of infectious pathology in children and are one of the main reasons for visits to the doctor. Most often causative agents of acute respiratory infections are viruses. In recent years, respiratory infections of combined etiology are becoming an increasingly significant problem, the proportion of which is increasing.In co-infections, clinical diagnosis is difficult, which once again emphasizes the importance of the widespread introduction of highly sensitive etiological diagnostic methods, in particular polymerase chain reaction. Data on the tendency to a more severe course of co-infections compared to mono-infections are ambiguous, which seems to depend on the specific causative agent and the level of viral load. Another urgent problem of acute respiratory infections in children is the frequent registration of concomitant respiratory viral and herpes virus infections. The clinical picture of acute respiratory tract infections is not very diverse: fever, intoxication symptoms, cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, etc. At the same time, pathognomonic symptoms can be identified in some monoinfections, but in coinfections such clinical diagnosis is difficult, suggesting the importance of etiological diagnosis, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All of the above, as well as age and clinical manifestations largely determine the rational selection of antiviral therapy simultaneously effective against both respiratory viruses and herpes viruses. One such drug is Cycloferon, which has not only a broad antiviral spectrum, but also a high level of safety.Inclusion of an interferon inducer in the treatment of acute respiratory infections will reduce the need to prescribe other drugs, including antibiotics, and reduce the medication load on the body.
Effects of kinesitherapy on chronic non-specific low back pain: discussion based on clinical observations
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Lamkova I. A. 
Published: March 2021

In chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP), an integrated approach is effective, which must include kinesitherapy. Unfortunately, in our country, kinesitherapy is not always used in CNLBP, ineffective methods of therapy are often used. The article presents an observation of a 55-year-old female patient who suffered from CNLBP. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed protrusions up to 4 mm at the level of L4-L5, L5-S1 segments, which were regarded as the cause of back pain. The patient was prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ointments at the place of residence, limitation of physical activity was recommended, which did not have a significant positive effect. In a specialized neurological center, during manual examination, the patient showed signs of lesion of the right sacroiliac joint (SIJ), and with diagnostic and treatment blockade (with anesthetics and corticosteroids) of the right SIJ, an almost complete temporary regression of pain was noted. The patient was explained the causes of pain, the role of SIJ lesions, prolonged physical inactivity and static loads as the causes of CNLBP, the safety and effectiveness of kinesitherapy. Movalis® (meloxicam) was used as an NSAID at 15 mg per day. The patient underwent exercises to activate the gluteal muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, strengthen the back of the thigh, relieve tension from the square muscles of the lower back, and relax the hip flexor muscles. Techniques for controlling the neutral position of the spine and the walking pattern were worked out. Within 10 days, the pain completely disappeared, functional disorders on the Oswestry scale decreased from 34% to 10%. Over the next 3 months, the patient regularly performed therapeutic exercises, avoided static loads, her physical activity increased from 10 to 26 points, back pain did not bother her. The issues of the effectiveness of kinesitherapy in CNLBP are discussed. It is noted that in CNLBP, regularity of physical exercises, exclusion of abrupt and excessive movements, and static loads are of leading importance. Walking represent a highly effective method of treatment and prevention of CNLBP and should be combined with other methods of kinesitherapy. The efficacy and low risk of complications from the use of meloxicam in patients with CNLBP not only from the gastrointestinal tract, but also from the cardiovascular system are noted. The use of kinesitherapy in complex therapy can help many patients with CNLBP, in whom it has not been previously used.
Assessment of Prescribability and Switchability by Using Multiple Bioequivalence Assessment Approaches
Authors: Micheal Francis , Sayana Mohanlal , Prasad Rajendra , Motial Balamurali M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:In the drug development process, an assessment of bioequivalence is an integral part. For the evaluation of generics against the comparator, average bioequivalence approach is the gold standard method. In the recent past, there were many discussions on whether we have the adequate tool to evaluate generics and thereby drug interchangeability (prescribability and switchability) issue is addressed as average bioequivalence approach just considers population mean. Hence, the alternative approaches like population bioequivalence and individual bioequivalence assessment approaches arise as different variances like inter/ intra-subject variance and subject- by-formulation variance along with population mean are considered.Objectives:Methoxsalen, in combination with long-wave UVA radiation, is used in the symptomatic management certain psoriasis. The study was aimed to establish the bioequivalence (BE) of a newly developed methoxsalen capsule (MTX test) with that of a reference methoxsalen capsule (MTX reference) using multiple BE methods (i.e., average [ABE], population [PBE], and individual [IBE]) by utilizing a new LC-MS/MS method.Methods:This is an open-label, randomized, balanced, two-treatment, three-period, three-sequence, crossover, single-dose (20 mg, 2 × 10 mg capsules), comparative, oral BE study conducted in 52 healthy, adult males under fasting conditions. Along with various pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters ABE, PBE, and IBE were also determined in the single study.Results:A non-compartmental model best described the concentration-time data of both MTX test and reference. Both the formulations demonstrated nearly similar values of BE parameters (i.e., AUCo-t, AUC0-∞, Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2). For MTX test, the observed Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0- ∞ were 125.16±81.53 ng/mL, 313.73±260.86 ng h/mL, and 321.25±271.85 ng h/mL, respectively. For MTX reference, the values were 127.63±71.60 ng/mL, 329.11±252.91 ng h/mL, and 335.48±264.54 ng h/mL, respectively.:The bioanalytical method was validated over the concentration range 0.100-100.00ng/mL and the coefficient of determination (r2) was ≥ 0.9991. The sensitivity of the method was 0.100 ng/mL with the accuracy and precision values of 115% and 10.54%, respectively.Conclusion:A single dose of MTX test met the ABE criteria of 80.00% -125.00% for Cmax, AUCo- t, and AUC0-∞, against MTX reference. The study outcome by PBE and IBE approaches proved that MTX Test was bio-inequivalent to MTX reference. Using multiple BE assessment methods in a single BE study is a novel approach and may overcome shortcomings of conventional bioequivalence assessment methods.
Comparison of Dot ELISA Using GroEL Recombinant Protein as an Antigen and an Indirect Hemagglutination Assay for Serodiagnosis of Melioidosis
Authors: Kritsiriwuthinan Kanyanan , Wajanarogana Sumet , Choosang Kantima , Pimklang Thitima 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Melioidosis is a disease caused by the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium. The mortality rate of infected patients is quite high because the symptoms are similar to those of various diseases, making it difficult to diagnose clinically and preventing the immediate treatment with effective antibiotics that is required for the management of acute infections. To provide appropriate treatment, accurate and rapid diagnosis is required.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to develop Dot ELISA using purified GroEL B. pseudomallei recombinant protein as an antigen and to compare the newly developed assay with an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the diagnosis of melioidosis.

Methods:
The GroEL recombinant protein was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography before being used as an antigen. The optimal conditions of the Dot ELISA were determined and used for subsequent experiments. A total of 291 serum samples were evaluated by the established Dot ELISA and IHA, using the bacterial culture method as the gold standard of melioidosis diagnosis.

Results:
The results from Dot ELISA and IHA revealed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7% (Dot ELISA)/64.3% (IHA), 94.4%/85.5%, and 93.1%/82.5%, respectively.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that the Dot ELISA developed is an efficient, simple, rapid and cost-effective technique for the early diagnosis of melioidosis and can be used in a local laboratory without specialized equipment.
Epidemiological factors associated with Candida albicans in patients using complete denture: a scoping review
Authors: Caldeira François Isnaldo Dias , Moreno Jéssica de Andrade , Gasque Kellen Cristina da Silva , Haddad Marcela Filié 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study undertakes a scoping review of research on epidemiological factors of Candida albicans in patients using complete denture (CD). Methods: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Searches were conducted in December 2020. Keywords used in this search were Candida albicans, Complete Denture, Mouth, and Microbiology. Results: Initially, 89 articles were identified; 19 of these comprised the final sample after applying the exclusion/inclusion criteria. There was a greater tendency for females to use DC. In addition, among all samples evaluating the incidence of the fungus (n = 2,724), approximately 44.7% (n = 1,218) had C. albicans-associated prosthetic stomatitis. Conclusion: Prosthetic stomatitis is a condition that mainly affects women aged 50–70 years and has a multifactorial predisposition. Also, Newton's classification proposed in 1962 is the most used for the clinical diagnosis of oral candidiasis. The CD's hygiene status is a crucial factor for the progression of candidosis, in the same way that the C. albicans fungus plays an important role in the progression of this pathogenesis in the host.
Smartphone and Tablet Software Apps to Collect Data in Sport and Exercise Settings: Cross-sectional International Survey
Authors: Shaw Matthew Peter , Satchell Liam Paul , Thompson Steve , Harper Ed Thomas , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , Peart Daniel James 
Published: March 2021

Background
Advances in smartphone technology have facilitated an increase in the number of commercially available smartphone and tablet apps that enable the collection of physiological and biomechanical variables typically monitored in sport and exercise settings. Currently, it is not fully understood whether individuals collect data using mobile devices and tablets, independent of additional hardware, in their practice.

Objective
This study aims to explore the use of smartphone and tablet software apps to collect data by individuals working in various sport and exercise settings, such as sports coaching, strength and conditioning, and personal training.

Methods
A total of 335 practitioners completed an electronic questionnaire that surveyed their current training practices, with a focus on 2 areas: type of data collection and perceptions of reliability and validity regarding app use. An 18-item questionnaire, using a 5-point Likert scale, evaluated the perception of app use.

Results
A total of 204 respondents reported using apps to directly collect data, with most of them (196/335, 58.5%) collecting biomechanical data, and 41.2% (138/335) respondents reported using at least one evidence-based app. A binomial general linear model determined that evidence accessibility (β=.35, 95% CI 0.04-0.67; P=.03) was significantly related to evidence-based app use. Age (β=−.03, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.00; P=.03) had a significant negative effect on evidence-based app use.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that practitioners show a greater preference for using smartphones and tablet devices to collect biomechanical data such as sprint velocity and jump performance variables. When it is easier to access information on the quality of apps, practitioners are more likely to use evidence-based apps. App developers should seek independent research to validate their apps. In addition, app developers should seek to provide clear signposting to the scientific support of their software in alternative ways.
Applying Clinical Decision Support Design Best Practices With the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model Versus Reliance on Commercially Available Clinical Decision Support Tools: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Trinkley Katy E , Kroehl Miranda E , Kahn Michael G , Allen Larry A , Bennett Tellen D , Hale Gary , Haugen Heather , Heckman Simeon , Kao David P , Kim Janet , Matlock Daniel M , Malone Daniel C , Page 2nd Robert L , Stine Jessica , Suresh Krithika , Wells Lauren , Lin Chen-Tan 
Published: March 2021

Background
Limited consideration of clinical decision support (CDS) design best practices, such as a user-centered design, is often cited as a key barrier to CDS adoption and effectiveness. The application of CDS best practices is resource intensive; thus, institutions often rely on commercially available CDS tools that are created to meet the generalized needs of many institutions and are not user centered. Beyond resource availability, insufficient guidance on how to address key aspects of implementation, such as contextual factors, may also limit the application of CDS best practices. An implementation science (IS) framework could provide needed guidance and increase the reproducibility of CDS implementations.

Objective
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of an enhanced CDS tool informed by CDS best practices and an IS framework with a generic, commercially available CDS tool.

Methods
We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. An IS-enhanced and commercial CDS alert were compared in a cluster randomized trial across 28 primary care clinics. Both alerts aimed to improve beta-blocker prescribing for heart failure. The enhanced alert was informed by CDS best practices and the Practical, Robust, Implementation, and Sustainability Model (PRISM) IS framework, whereas the commercial alert followed vendor-supplied specifications. Following PRISM, the enhanced alert was informed by iterative, multilevel stakeholder input and the dynamic interactions of the internal and external environment. Outcomes aligned with PRISM’s evaluation measures, including patient reach, clinician adoption, and changes in prescribing behavior. Clinicians exposed to each alert were interviewed to identify design features that might influence adoption. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results
Between March 15 and August 23, 2019, the enhanced alert fired for 61 patients (106 alerts, 87 clinicians) and the commercial alert fired for 26 patients (59 alerts, 31 clinicians). The adoption and effectiveness of the enhanced alert were significantly higher than those of the commercial alert (62% vs 29% alerts adopted, P<.001; 14% vs 0% changed prescribing, P=.006). Of the 21 clinicians interviewed, most stated that they preferred the enhanced alert.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that applying CDS best practices with an IS framework to create CDS tools improves implementation success compared with a commercially available tool.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04028557; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04028557