bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NLRC4 activation needs lncRNA LNCGM1082
Authors: Gao Yunhuan , Yang Yazheng , Wei Jianmei , Yue Jianmei , Wang Ya , Zhang Qianjing , Jin Mengli , Wang Rong , Yang Xiaorong , Zhang Junqi , Liu Xinqi , Zhang Yuan , Yang Rongcun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The activation of NLRC4 is a major host response against the infection by intracellular bacteria. However, there still remain challenges in understanding the activation upon sensing of diverse stimuli. We here found that lncRNA LNCGM1082 plays a critical role in the activation of NLRC4. LNCGM1082 in macrophages could affect maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and pyroptotic cell death only after exposed to NLRC4 ligand. Similar to NLRC4-/- mice, LNCGM1082-/- mice were high sensitive to Salmonella typhimurium infection. LNCGM1082 deficiency in mouse or human macrophages had reduced IL-1β maturation and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, LNCGM1082 could induce the combination of PKCδ with NLRC4 in both mice and human. There was absence of binding of NLRC4 with PKCδ in LNCGM1082-/- macrophages. This lncRNA could be induced by Salmonella typhimurium through TLR5 in the macrophages of both mice and human. Thus, our data indicate that LNCGM1082 induced by TLR5 can mediate the binding of PKCδ with NLRC4 to cause the activation of NLRC4.
Influence of Sociodemographic Factors, and the Coverage and Offer of Health Services on Mortality Due to Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Brazil: A 20-year Analysis
Authors: Affonso Márcio Vinicius de Gouveia , de Souza Igor Gonçalves , Rocha Emerson Souza da , Goloni-Bertollo Eny Maria , Gomes Fabiana de Campos , Nascimento Liliane Silva do , de Melo-Neto João Simão 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the influence of sociodemographic factors and variables related to oral health services in oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Brazil. Results: The mortality rate was higher in men than in women; the Southeast and South regions had the highest rates, which increased with age. Regarding APC analysis, men aged 57 years or more and those born from the 1920s to 1955, presented the highest mortality rate, while women born between the 1920s and the 1930s had a higher rate ratio. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression showed that black men living in the Midwest region had the lowest survival rate. Considering the correlations, the North and Northeast regions presented mortality rates inversely proportional to FPDC and NSTB, while the Southeast presented it only to FPDC. Conclusions: The sociodemographic variables analyzed exhibited an influence on mortality and survival rates in relation to oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Regarding the oral health services, it was observed that preventive and diagnostic procedures are not being performed, which may be exacerbating the increase in the mortality rates observed.
Fabrication of C6-Fluorocarbon-Dendrimer Based Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics for Multifunctional Aspects
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Saha Joykrisna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C6-Fluorocarbon (FC)-dendrimer has been applied on cotton knit fabric for developing water repellent, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, acid-resistant, antibacterial, UV resistant and flame retardant property while maintaining acceptable levels of comfort for wearers. The C6-Fluorocarbon (FC)-dendrimer coated 100% cotton single jersey knitted fabric samples were prepared using “pad-dry-cure” method, and characterized and tested for comfort and other textile properties. The 90 g/L and 100 g/L FC-dendrimer treated cotton fabrics provided excellent water repellency, oil-water separation and self-cleaning performance. But air permeability and thermal conductivity were 13%, 15%, and 40%, 54% lower, respectively, than those of untreated fabrics. The presence of FC-dendrimer in the treated fabric was confirmed by FTIR, SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. SEM analysis was employed to study the morphology of deposited FC-dendrimer particles on the fabric surface. Thermal behaviors were evaluated by TGA and DTA. The FC-dendrimer-treated fabric also showed promise as a UV ray absorber, antimicrobial activity, acid resistance and flame retardant property. Overall, the result suggests that FC-dendrimer can be a valuable ingredient in the manufacture of multifunctional products.
The Effect of Intratesticular Injection of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (hADSC) on Testicular Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis Process in the Varicocele Rat Model
Authors: Siregar Safendra , Noegroho Bambang Sasongko , Adriansjah Ricky , Mustafa Akhmad , Bonar Ananta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Varicocele is the predominant cause of male infertility and was found in 19% - 41% of men with primary infertility and 45% - 81% of men with secondary infertility. Human adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSC) can suppress oxidative stress in some oxidative injury model. Therefore, this study would like to investigate the effect of intratesticular hADSC injection on MDA level and spermatogenesis process by histopathological examination in the varicocele rat model.Method: This is an experimental study. A total sampling of 9 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I consist of 1 Wistar rats without any treatment or model (sham group), group II consist of 4 Wistar rats with varicocele model without hADSC therapy (control group), and group III consist of 4 Wistar rats with varicocele model and were given injections of 1.0x106 hADSC cells intratesticularly 30 days after model was made (therapy group). Testicular tissue was harvested for evaluation. Results: In all varicocele model rats (group II and III), the result of MDA level in therapy group (2.53 mol/liter) was significantly lower than the MDA level in control group (4.43 mol/liter) (p = 0.01). On histopathological examination, the average Johnson's Score in the therapy and control group was 9,77 and 9,18, respectively. The analysis showed Johnson’s score in the intervention group was significantly higher (p = 0.018). Conclusion: Intratesticular injection of hADSC can help reduce MDA levels and improve spermatogenesis process, which is damaged by varicoceles.
Ad Hoc Network as a Solution in Disaster Management
Authors: Dattana Vishal , Kush Ashwani , Hasan Raza , Mahmood Salman , Naidu Vikas Rao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Whenever some natural disaster occurs, the immediate and most dreadful impact is a communication failure. It can easily be understood that communication systems can make a significant difference between survivals for life and death for those affected areas. Due to the potential for existing telecommunication infrastructure to be damaged, disasters are one of the most difficult implementations of multihop ad hoc networks Following a natural disaster, the deployed cellular network system could be partially or entirely lost. Multihop ad hoc contact is an intriguing option for dealing with a lack of communication in crisis situations. In many situations, ad hoc networks have been used for recovery or communication links. The main reason behind the concept is that they are infrastructure less and can adopt any topology. Though in the research arena disaster situations are one of the challenging areas. The situation can be disastrous in many ways, in this paper underwater situation like flood etc. have been considered as a case study. It has been observed that a significant gain in the signal strength ranges from 50–70% have been achieved which is quite respectable in disaster situations. The performance has been evaluated in terms of energy and signals gained. The research has been carried out and promising results were evident from the simulation. The new scheme performs better in certain cases and minor delay can be acceptable in the disastrous situations. We present criteria for ad hoc networks used in disaster for emergency response, with a focus on delay, packet delivery ratio, size, speed, and providing network status awareness through the network's nodes.
Quantification of Fructans in Bioethanol Stillage Based On a Simplified Analytical Method
Authors: Zimmermann Andreas , Kaltschmitt Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bioethanol stillage, the main by-product of industrial bioethanol production, is a potential substrate for fructans. However, the determination and quantification of fructans in such complex sample matrices is still a challenge for the corresponding analytics to be overcome in order to allow for the identification and utilisation of such unused fructan sources. Especially a possible utilisation or rather the corresponding process development requires appropriate analytics first. Thus, this paper aims to illuminate the basics of fructan quantification in stillage and the corresponding challenges particularly arising with widely used HPLC-RID systems. On this basis, a new approach for fructan quantification is presented based on such HPLC-RID systems allowing for a reliable and especially simple fructan determination in bioethanol stillage for comparably high sample throughput. The developed method performs fructan quantification by determination of fructose and glucose equivalents after a targeted acidic hydrolysis adapted to the respective sample matrix. By means of two different stationary phases, the problem of limited resolution in case of HPLC-RID is overcome and thus measurement errors are reduced. The approach towards the adapted analytical method can be transferred easily to comparable complex sample matrices.
Exploration of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Biomarkers for the Prognosis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Han Xiaorui , Liu Zaiyi , Liang Changhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most disastrous breast cancer subtypes world widely. The tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the infiltration of immune and stromal cells, are highly related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of breast cancer. Therefore, exploration of TME-related biomarkers is greatly important for improving overall survival rate of TNBC patients. Methods: The open-assess Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database provides gene expression profile for a variety of malignant tumors allowing researchers to explore genes demonstrating TME in the prognosis prediction of TNBC. In our present study, ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate the immune and stromal scores in accordance with the characteristics of specific genes in immune and stromal cells, and divide them into high and low-score groups. Limma R package was then utilized to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After that, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to explore the bio-information of the DEGs and their encoded proteins. Subsequently, the identified these genes were further verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Results: Eight genes, including ACAP1, DUSP1, LYZGZMA, SASH3, CCL5, CD74, and DPT, were explored to closely related to the TME of TNBC. A prognostic model containing these selected genes was established with a high efficiency in the prediction of the poor prognosis of TNBC patients.Conclusion: An eight-gene prognostic model was a considerably reliable approach for predicting the overall survival of TNBC patients, and could help clinicians selecting personalized treatments for their TNBC patients.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Dopaminergic Neuron Senescence
Authors: chen shuibing , Han Yuling , Yang Liuliu , Kim Tae , Nair Manoj , Harschnitz Oliver , Wang Pengfei , Zhu Jiajun , Koo So Yeon , Tang Xuming , Lacko Lauretta , Chandar Vasuretha , Bram Yaron , Zhang Tuo , Zhang Wei , He Feng , Caicedo James , Huang Yaoxing , Evans Todd , Valk Paul van der , Titulaer Maarten J. , Spoor Jochem K. H. , Furler Robert L. , Canoll Peter , Goldman James , Przedborski Serge , Schwartz Robert , Ho David , Studer Lorenz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 patients commonly present with neurological signs of central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. However, which neural cells are permissive to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been controversial. Here, we show that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are selectively permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and upon transplantation in vivo, and that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a DA neuron inflammatory and cellular senescence response. A high-throughput screen in hPSC-derived DA neurons identified several FDA approved drugs, including riluzole, metformin, and imatinib, that can rescue the cellular senescence phenotype and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. RNA-seq analysis of human ventral midbrain tissue from COVID-19 patients, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy samples, confirmed the induction of an inflammatory and cellular senescence signature and identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts. Our findings demonstrate that hPSC-derived DA neurons can serve as a disease model to study neuronal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and to identify candidate neuroprotective drugs for COVID-19 patients. The susceptibility of hPSC-derived DA neurons to SARS-CoV-2 and the observed inflammatory and senescence transcriptional responses suggest the need for careful, long-term monitoring of neurological problems in COVID-19 patients.
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia of the Breast on Core Needle Biopsy - Risk of Malignant Upgrade on Surgical Excision.
Authors: Bong Tiffany Sin Hui , Tan Thaddaeus , Ho Juliana TS , Tan Puay Hoon , Lau Wing Sze , Tan Tuan Meng , Wong Jill SL , Tan Veronique KM , Tan Benita KT , Madhukumar Preetha , Yong Wei Sean , Lim Sue Zann , Wee Ong Kong , Wong Chow Yin , Sim Yirong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is a high risk lesion with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. This study aims to identify factors predictive of malignant upgrade for ADH diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) and to develop a nomogram to facilitate evidence-based decision making.Methods: Retrospective analysis of women with CNB diagnosed ADH at the National Cancer Centre Singapore between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent clinical, radiological and histological factors associated with malignant upgrade. A nomogram was constructed and multivariable logistic regression coefficients were used to estimate the predicted probability of upgrade for each factor combination. Combinations with the lowest predicted probabilities (≤5%) were identified as low risk. Model sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were assessed.Results: From 2010-2015, 238,122 women underwent screening under the national breast cancer screening programme. 29,564 women were recalled and 5742 CNBs were performed, of which 2686 were performed at NCCS. 88 patients (90 lesions) were diagnosed with ADH. 26 lesions were upgraded to a breast malignancy on excision biopsy. On univariate analysis, presence of a mass on either ultrasound (p= 0.018) or mammogram (p=0.026), presence of mammographic microcalcifications (p=0.047), diffuse microcalcification distribution (p=0.034), mammographic parenchymal density (p=0.008), presence of microcalcifications on biopsy (p=0.037) and three or more separate foci of ADH found on biopsy (p=0.024) were associated with malignant upgrade. Mammographic parenchymal density (Hazard ratio= 0.04, 95% CI 0.005-0.35, p=0.014), presence of a mass on ultrasound (Hazard ratio= 10.50, 95% CI 9.21-25.2, p=0.010) and number of foci of ADH (Hazard ratio = 1.877, 95% CI 1.831-1.920, p=0.002) remained significant on multivariate analysis and were included in the normogram which demonstrated good discrimination with C-statistic of 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74 to 0.88].Conclusion: Our model provides good discrimination of breast cancer risk prediction in patients with ADH on CNB. A subset of women at low risk (<5%) of upgrade to cancer may avoid surgical excision following a core-needle biopsy diagnosis of ADH.
Identification of Prognostic Gene Signature Associated with Tumor Microenvironment of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Jixiang , Chen Xi , Lu Guang , Wang Haowei , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Hua , Bai Yun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract with a dismal prognosis. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with cancer prognosis. However, the prognostic signature for CCA based on TME has not yet been reported. This study aimed to develop a TME-related prognostic signature for accurately predicting the prognosis of patients with CCA. Methods: Based on the TCGA database, we calculated the stromal and immune scores using the ESTIMATE algorithm to assess TME in stromal and immune cells derived from CCA. TME-related differentially expressed genes were identified, followed by functional enrichment analysis and PPI network analysis. Univariate Cox regression analysis, Lasso Cox regression model and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to identify and construct the TME-related prognostic gene signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) was performed to further investigate the potential molecular mechanisms. The correlations between the risk scores and tumor infiltration immune cells were analyzed using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Results: A total of 784 TME-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly enriched in immune-related processes and pathways. Among these TME-related DEGs, A novel two‑gene signature (including GAD1 and KLRB1) was constructed for CCA prognosis prediction. The AUC of the prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients at 1-, 2-, and 3- years was 0.811, 0.772, and 0.844, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the two‑gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. Based on the risk scores of the prognostic model, CCA patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups, and patients with high-risk score had shorter survival time than those with low-risk score. Furthermore, we found that the risk scores were negatively correlated with TME-scores and the number of several tumor infiltration immune cells, including B cells and CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: Our study established a novel TME-related gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients with CCA. This might provide a new understanding of the potential relationship between TME and CCA prognosis, and serve as a prognosis stratification tool for guiding personalized treatment of CCA patients.
Ki67 Assessment by qRT-PCR in OncotypeDx ® Breast Recurrent Score®: Low Correlation With IHC Assessment of ki67 and Prognostic Impact of ki67 RNA Level of Expression.
Authors: Selmani Zohair , Molimard Chloé , Overs Alexis , Bazan Fernando , Chaigneau Loic , Dobi Erion , Meneveau Nathalie , Mansi Laura , Paillard Marie-Justine , Meynard Guillaume , Viot Julien , Algros Marie-Paule , Borg Christophe , Feugeas Jean-Paul , Pivot Xavier , Prétet Jean-Luc , Curtit Elsa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancers expressing high levels of Ki67 are associated with poor outcomes. To provide individualized patient care, reliability of prognostic and predictive information deriving from Ki67 assessment is essential. Oncotype DX® test was designed for ER+/HER2- early-stage breast cancers to help adjuvant chemotherapy decision by providing a Recurrent Score® (RS®). RS® measures the expression of 21 specific genes from tumor tissue, including Ki67, and aim to predict the benefit of chemotherapy and the risk of distant recurrence. The primary aim of this study was to assess the agreement between Ki67RNA obtained with Oncotype DX® RS® and Ki67IHC. Other objectives were to analyze the association between the event free survival (EFS) and the expression level of Ki67RNA; and association between RS® and Ki67RNA.Methods: In a cohort of 98 patients with early ER+/HER2- breast cancers, we obtained: Recurrence score®, RNA level of Ki67 expression measured when assessing RS® and Ki67 tumor labelling by immunohistochemistry (Ki67IHC). The Ki67RNA was compared to the Ki67IHC by Kappa Cohen test. With a mean follow-up of 57 months, the association between the event free survival (EFS) and Ki67 status was measured using R package survival. Results: This population was essentially composed of no special type tumor (91%), N0 or Nmic (71%), grade 1 (62%), and tumor size pT1c (1-2 cm) (58%). The RS® values were <18 in 38% (n=37), 18-30 in 51% (n=50) and >30 in 11% (n=11) of the patients. A low agreement of 0.24 was found by Cohen’s kappa test between Ki67IHC and Ki67RNA. Moreover, Ki67RNAhigh tumors were significantly associated with the occurrence of events (p=0.02). On the other hand, we did not find any association between Ki67IHC and EFS (p=0.25).Conclusion: We observed of low agreement between expression level of Ki67RNA and Ki67 protein labelling by IHC. Unlike Ki67IHC and independently of the RS®, Ki67RNA could have a prognostic value. It would be interesting to better assess the prognosis and predictive value of Ki67RNA measured by qRT-PCR. The Ki67RNA in medical routine could be a good support in countries where Oncotype DX® is not accessible.
Treatment outcomes among adults with HIV/non-communicable disease multimorbidity attending integrated care clinics in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Gausi Blessings , Berkowitz Natacha , Jacob Nisha , Oni Tolu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The growing burden of the HIV and non-communicable disease (NCD) syndemic in Sub- Saharan Africa, has necessitated introduction of integrated models of care in order to leverage existing HIV care infrastructure for NCDs. However, there is paucity of literature on treatment outcomes for multimorbid patients attending integrated care. We describe 12-month treatment outcomes among multimorbid patients attending integrated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and NCD clubs in Cape Town, South Africa.
Methods

As part of an integrated clubs (IC) model pilot implemented in 2016 by the local government at two primary health care clinics in Cape Town, we identified all multimorbid patients who were enrolled for IC for at least 12 months by August 2017. Mean adherence (using proxy of medication collection and attendance of club visits) percentages and optimal disease control (defined as the proportion of participants achieving optimal blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin control and HIV viral load suppression) were calculated at 12 months before, at the point of IC enrolment and 12 months after IC enrolment. Predictors of NCD control 12 months post IC enrolment were investigated using multivariable logistic regression.
Results and Discussion

As of 31 August 2017, 247 HIV-infected patients in total had been enrolled into IC for at least 12 months. Of these, 221 (89.5%) had hypertension, 4 (1.6%) had diabetes mellitus and 22 (8.9%) had both diseases. Adherence was maintained before and after IC enrolment with mean adherence percentages of 92.2% and 94.2% respectively. HIV viral suppression rates were 98.6%, 99.5% and 99.4% at the three time points respectively. Retention in care was high with 6.9% lost to follow up at 12 months post IC enrolment. Across the 3 time-points, optimal blood pressure control was achieved in 43.1%, 58.9% and 49.4% of participants and optimal glycaemic control was achieved in 47.4%, 87.5% and 53.3% of participants with diabetes respectively. Multivariable logistic analyses showed no independent variables significantly associated with NCD control.
Conclusion

Multimorbid adults living with HIV achieved high levels of HIV control in integrated HIV and NCD clubs. However, intensified interventions are needed to maintain NCD control in the long term.