bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Pdc Bit Selection Method Based on 3d Realistic Cutter Damage Simulation Aimed at Maximizing Product Life–Cycle
Authors: Pelfrene Gilles , Al Fayez Fayez Abdulrahman , Baqer Hussain Ali , Al-Jarki Jasem Ahmed , Alsarhan Meshal Hamoud , Al-Otaibi Mohammad , Al-Suraie Abdulkarim , Soletta Laurent , El-Genidy Ehab , Gamal Mohamed , Reboul Sebastien , Cuillier Bruno , Tissot Vincent , Gabas Xavier , Stab Olivier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing the life of PDC bits without compromising on bit performance is crucial in drilling operations. It allows the operator to reduce non-productive time and the bit manufacturer to increase the reliability and the repairability of its products. This paper introduces a new PDC bit selection method designed to maximize the durability of the selected bit based on simulations of 3D realistic cutter damage.
During PDC bit drilling operations, any damage caused to one cutter tends to overload others and compromise the balancing and the durability of the whole cutting structure. The impact of various kinds of bit failure and cutter damage on the performance of different cutting structures is estimated. The analysis is performed with the help of a 3D bit-rock interaction model which simulates the drilling process considering both the drill bit and the hole being drilled as 3D meshed surfaces. The simulator is based on a generic computational geometry algorithm which estimates the exact volume of rock removed by each cutter while making minimal assumptions on the geometry of the cutter. Any cutter shape, including damaged ones can be simulated based on this model. Thus, realistic dull conditions can be applied to PDC cutters to analyse how the bit performs once damaged.
A series of simulation scenarios involving different failure mechanisms like abrasive wear, broken cutters, or lost cutters, have been conducted on a series of targeted 9 ¼ in. bit designs aimed to be run in an application in South East Kuwait. Bit designs have been ranked with respect to simulated performance indicators like drillability, steerability, stability, tool face control and also to their ability to withstand mild to catastrophic failure events. Based on this analysis, the top ranked bit design has been selected, manufactured and successfully run in the field. For the first time in the area, the bit achieved two sections (9 ¼ and 6 ½) in one, showing both a high durability and a good compatibility with the directional system used along the formation sequence drilled.
While the classical bit selection process is usually limited to the comparison of different bit designs in a given drilling scenario, the present paper demonstrates how this process can be further optimized by selecting the bit which also guarantees a maximum level of performance when subjected to worst case failure scenarios. This new method should benefit both the operator and the bit manufacturer as it is designed to achieve longer intervals, reduce operating costs and increase the global bit performance.
Unlocking Value From Data is Key to Successful Digital Transformation
Authors: AlSaadi Hamdan , Rashid Faisal , Bimastianto Paulinus , Khambete Shreepad , Toader Lucian , Landaeta Rivas Fernando , Couzigou Erwan , Al-Marzouqi Adel , El-Masri Hassan , Pausin Wiliem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Big data analytics is the often complex process of examining large andvaried data sets to uncover information. The aim of this paper is to describe how Real TimeOperation Center structuring drilling data in an informative and systematic manner throughdigital solution that can help organizations make informed business decisions and leverage business value to deliver wells efficiently and effectively.
Real Time Operation Center process of collecting largechunks of structured/unstructured data, segregating and analyzing it and discovering thepatterns and other useful business insights from it. The methods were based on structuringa detailed workflow, RACI, quality check list for every single process of the provision of real-timedrilling data and digitally transform into valuable information through robust auditableprocess, quality standards and sophisticated software. The paper will explain RTOC DataManagement System and how it helped the organization determining which data is relevantand can be analyzed to drive better business decisions in the future.
The big data platform, in-house built-in software, andautomated dashboards have helped the company build the links between different assets,analyzing technical gaps, creating opportunities and moving away from manual data entry(e.g. Excel) which was causing data errors, disconnection between information and wastedworker hours due to inefficiency. These solutions leverage analytics and unlock the valuefrom data to enhance operational efficiency, drive performance and maximize profitability.
As a result, the company has successfully delivered 160 wells in 2019 (6% higher than 2019 Business Plan and 10% higher than number of delivered wellsin 2018) more efficiently with 28.2 days per 10kft fornew wells (10% better than 2018), without compromising the well objectives and quality of the wells. Moreover, despite increasing complexity, the highest level ofconfidence on data analytics has permitted the company to go beyond their normaloperating envelop and set a major record for drilling the world's fifth longest well as amilestone in 2019.
Innovative Remediation Techniques for Restoring Well Integrity with Coil Tubing Patch
Authors: Yap Ho Yin , Chua Leong Hing , Rayner Fidelis Sipangkui Brian , Low Peng Yoke , Connie Bato 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Well BO-X is located in offshore East Malaysia and was completed as a single string producer on 22nd July 2014. Well BO-X has maximum deviation of 57.5 deg at depth 3,150ft MDTHF. Based on the MIT logs, several leaks have been detected on the string which caused the well unable to flow. Well was flowing for 2 years before identified with multiple leaks due to severe metal loss and high penetration along more than 1,400 ft tubing interval (400 ft above the TRSCSSV and 1000ft below the TRSCSSV). Multiple attempts tried to flow well but failed due to circulation of gas through leak points at tubing. Tubing was found to be leaking at multiple points above TRSCSSV (449 ft MDTHF) with severe pitting / penetration at a single point below between ESP discharge head and TRSCSSV from 2 MIT runs. The leaks were detected at depth (1) 64 ft MDTHF, (2) 126.8 ft MDTHF and (3) 221.2 ft MDTHF. There were also several potential leaks detected along the long string above the top packer
Reservoir simulation studies and production rate both indicated that the production tubing leaks is deteriorate and few methods were considered to bring back the optimum production. Tubing pack off system technique was considered as it can deploy with slickline, retrievable and ideal use to isolate tubing leaks however there is potential that more leaks will develop along the production years. Workover as an option to replace the tubing could easily cost millions of dollar (USD)
Before surrender the well to workover team, a coiled tubing patch system was designed in a cooperative project involving operator and service company to provide an improved tubing pack off system which can straddle the tubing leaks by using coiled tubing instead of spacer pipe. This coiled tubing patch system was significantly lower cost and keep the functionality of Tubing Retrievable Surface Control Subsurface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) by installing two straddle packer system – upper straddle packer system to cover leak points above TRSCSSV while another straddle system to cover leak points below TRSCSSV (Fig 1).
Mud-Sealing Cement System Delivers Notable Cement Bond Log Result in a Challenging Offshore Horizontal 4 ½-in Liner: A New Technology Case Study
Authors: Nzoutchoua Degaul Nana , Johnson Carl R. , Mounguele Armelle Boukoulou , Onyia Chibuzor , Rizza Giovanni , Sinibaldi Giuliano , Gravante Elpidio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 1575m [4922-ft] offshore horizontal 4-½-in. liner cemented using a mud-sealing cement system (MSCS) resulted in an outstanding cement bond log result. The decision to use the MSCS was taken after realizing that four offset liners, previously cemented using conventional cement systems, did not yield acceptable cement bond log results despite following oil and gas cementing industry best practices, including pipe rotation. This paper documents a comparison of six offset horizontal liners, focusing on the impact of the MSCS technology.
The paper focuses on several 4-½-in. liners in the same field. The wells were drilled by a similar rig and had similar well profiles. The drilling bit, directional drilling tool, drilling fluids system, logging tool, centralizer type and pumping sequences were comparable across all wells. In addition, the logging company performing the cement bond log evaluation was not the same company performing the cementing service. After the first MSCS-cemented well, the subsequent well used a conventional cement system to isolate the 4-½-in. liner and tighten the cementing best practices. This was initiated to irrefutably confirm the impact of MSCS technology on the quality of cement bond log recorded on the earlier well.
The cement bond log recorded from the well isolated with MSCS is easily identified among the six comparison wells even though the cementing operation faced several well challenges, includinga single dart liner system implementation (for all liners), which can promote the intermixing of slurry with fluid ahead while travelling down the pipemud losses in the drilling phase, which resulted in a reduction of the displacement rate to control ECD during cement placement.
The bond log results of the other wells were qualified as poor or fair, even though significant precautions were taken to optimize zonal isolation. These efforts included batch mixing the spacer and slurry, using more than one centralizer per casing joint, and implementing pipe rotation during pre-job circulation and job execution when the torque limit allowed.
This multi-well comparison based on field results brings solid evidence of the MSCS technology interacting with the residual layer of nonaqueous fluid (NAF) when well conditions reach or exceed the practical normative limitations for mud removal. This in-situ interaction generates a viscous paste that positively impacts the bond log response and bolsters the isolation between zones of interest. The result has yielded a step forward in the provision of a dedicated barrier technology for horizontal or highly deviated sections.
Development of A Particle Swarm Optimization-Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network Model And Effects of Age And Gender On Pharmacokinetics Study of Omeprazole Enteric-Coated Tablets In Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Yichao , Chen Jinliang , Yang Dandan , Hu Yin , Jiang Bo , Ruan Zourong , Lou Honggang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The effects of age and gender were explored on pharmacokinetics study of omeprazole enteric-coated tablets in Chinese population and a plasma concentration prediction model was developed. All the data (demographic characteristics and results of clinical laboratory tests) were collected from healthy Chinese subjects in pharmacokinetics study using 20 mg omeprazole enteric-coated tablets. A noncompartmental method was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters, and 47 subjects were divided into two groups based on the calculation of the median age. Pharmacokinetic data from the low-age and high-age groups or male and female groups were compared by Student t-test. After a total of 12 variables were reconstruct and convert into independent or irrelative variables by principal component analysis, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to construct a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) model. Result: The model was fully validated and used to predict the plasma concentration in Chinese population. It was noticed that the Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and t1/2 values have significant differences when omeprazole was administered by low-age groups or high-age groups while there were slight or no significant differences of pharmacokinetic data were found between male and female subjects. The PSO-BPANN model was fully validated and there was 0.000355 for MSE, 0.000133 for the magnitude of the gradient, 50 for the number of validation checks. The correlation coefficient of training, validation, test groups were 0.949, 0.903 and 0.874.Conclusion: It is necessary to pay attention to the age and gender effects on omeprazole and PSO-BPANN model could be used to predict omeprazole concentration in Chinese subjects to minimize the associated morbidity and mortality with peptic ulcer.
A Demand Prediction Model of Repairable Components based on Grey Birth and Death Process
Authors: Gu Yingjing , Chang Ching-Ter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During the life cycle of equipment, the failure and repair rates of repairable components show uncertain characteristics. The birth and death process (BDP) based on the determined failure and repair rates may not meet the demand forecasting of spare parts. In order to resolve this problem, the grey state transition matrix is constructed by using interval grey numbers to appropriately represent the failure and repair rates of repairable components. In addition, the grey BDP model is built for the demand forecasting of spare parts. The memoryless and existence conditions of steady solution of the grey BDP are studied. To some extent, the spare parts demand law with the uncertain information of the failure and repair rates can easily be revealed. The practical case study is provided to verify the validity and practicability of the proposed model. Also, it provides a new perspective for the spare parts demand prediction problem under the condition of uncertain Markov Process. Accordingly, airlines can predict the maintenance resources demand more accurately and avoid two situations which are not allowed: (1) lower spare parts inventory will lead to the delay production; and (2) higher spare parts inventory will lead to the operating cost pressure.
Dopaminergic Stimulation Leads B-cell Infiltration into the Central Nervous System upon Autoimmunity
Authors: Prado Carolina , Osorio-Barrios Francisco , Espinoza Alexandra , Saez Juan J , Yuseff María I , Pacheco Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. Recent evidence has shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. Accordingly, dopaminergic regulation of adaptive and innate immune cells plays an important role in the physiopathology of inflammatory disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease involving a CD4+ T-cell-driven autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) derived antigens. Evidence from animal models has suggested that B-cells play a fundamental role as antigen-presenting cells (APC) re-stimulating CD4+ T-cells in the CNS as well as regulating T-cell response by mean of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here we addressed the role of the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which display the highest affinity for dopamine, in B-cells in animal models of MS. Methods. Mice harbouring Drd3-deficient or Drd3-suficient B-cells were generated by bone marrow transplantation into recipient mice devoid of B-cells. In these mice we compare the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-derived peptide (pMOG), a model that leads to CNS-autoimmunity irrespective of the APC function of B-cells, or by immunization with full-length human MOG protein (huMOG), a model in which antigen-specific activated B-cells display a fundamental APCs function in the CNS.Results. Our data shows that, by promoting the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in autoreactive B-cells, DRD3-stimulation favours the CNS-tropism in a subset of B-cells that act as APC in the CNS, which is fundamental for disease development. Furthermore, we found that DRD3- stimulation induced the expression of the CNS-homing molecule CD49d in a B-cell subset with anti-inflammatory features, thus attenuating EAE manifestation in a CNS-autoimmunity model independent of the APC function of B-cells.Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that DRD3-stimulation in B-cells exerts a dual role in CNS-autoimmunity, favouring CNS-tropism of pro-inflammatory B-cells with APC function, and also promoting CNS-homing of B-cells with anti-inflammatory features. Thus, these results show DRD3-signalling in B-cells as a key regulator of CNS-autoimmunity.
An Extensive Operational Law for Monotone Functions of LR Fuzzy Intervals with Applications to Fuzzy Optimization
Authors: Zhao Mingxuan , Han Yulin , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The operational law put forward by Zhou et al. on strictly monotone functions with regard to regular LR fuzzy numbers makes a valuable push to the development of fuzzy set theory. However, its applicable conditions are confined to strictly monotone functions and regular LR fuzzy numbers, which restricts its application in practice to a certain degree. In this paper, we propose an extensive operational law that generalizes the one proposed by Zhou et al. to apply to monotone (but not necessarily strictly monotone) functions with regard to regular LR fuzzy intervals (LR-FIs), of which regular fuzzy numbers can be regarded as particular cases. By means of the extensive operational law, the inverse credibility distributions (ICDs) of monotone functions regarding regular LR-FIs can be calculated efficiently and effectively. Moreover, the extensive operational law has a wider range of applications, which can deal with the situations hard to be handled by the original operational law. Subsequently, based on the extensive operational law, the computational formulae for expected values (EVs) of LR-FIs and monotone functions with regard to regular LR-FIs are presented. Furthermore, the proposed operational law is also applied to dispose fuzzy optimization problems with regular LR-FIs, for which a solution strategy is provided, where the fuzzy programming is converted to a deterministic equivalent first and then a newly-devised solution algorithm is utilized. Finally, the proposed solution strategy is applied to a purchasing planning problem, whose performances are evaluated by comparing with the traditional fuzzy simulation-based genetic algorithm. Experimental results indicate that our method is much more efficient, yielding high-quality solutions within a short time.
Complete Loss of CASK Causes Severe Ataxia Through Cerebellar Degeneration
Authors: Patel Paras , Hegert Julia , Cristian Ingrid , Kerr Alicia , LaConte Leslie , Fox Michael , Srivast Sarika , Mukherjee Konark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heterozygous loss of X-linked genes like CASK and MeCP2 (Rett syndrome) causes neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in girls, while in boys loss of the only allele of these genes leads to profound encephalopathy. The cellular basis for these disorders remains unknown. CASK is presumed to work through the Tbr1-reelin pathway in neuronal migration. Here we report clinical and histopathological analysis of a deceased 2-month-old boy with a CASK-null mutation. Although smaller in size, the CASK-null human brain exhibits normal lamination without defective neuronal differentiation, migration, or axonal guidance, excluding the role of reelin. The hypoplastic cerebellum instead displayed astrogliosis, a marker for neuronal loss. We therefore hypothesized that cerebellar hypoplasia with CASK loss is a result of early neurodegeneration. We generated a mouse line where CASK is completely deleted (hemizygous and homozygous) from post-migratory neurons in the cerebellum. Data confirm that a small cerebellum in CASK-loss results from post-developmental degeneration of cerebellar granule neurons. We further demonstrate that at least in cerebellum the functional loss with CASK deletion results secondary to degeneration of granule cells rather that any acute molecular functional loss of CASK. Intriguingly, female mice with heterozygous deletion of CASK in the cerebellum did not display any neurodegeneration. We suggest that NDDs like CASK mutation and Rett syndrome are pathologically neurodegenerative; however, random X-chromosome inactivation in the heterozygous mutant girls results in 50% of cells expressing the functional gene, resulting in a non-progressive pathology, whereas complete loss of the only allele in boys leads to unconstrained degeneration and encephalopathy.
A Study for Consecutive Precipitation Pattern Based on Stochastic Ordering
Authors: Cai Wenxiang , Zhang Hao , Xu Yanyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Consecutive precipitation extremes may cause more catastrophes than occasional extreme 9 events. They may pose more serious threats to the safety of people's lives and property. They also 10 can cause great damage to the healthy development of social economy. It is of practical significance 11 to explore this issue. In this work, a nonparametric approach based on stochastic ordering combined 12 with EI Barmi-McKeague test was employed, which is more flexible if the trend is non-monotonic 13 or more complex to model. The average summer consecutive precipitation in 31 provinces of China 14 were compared in three periods, 960-1965, 1985-1990 and 2010-2015. Based on this approach, the 15 results showed that, in 17 out of the 31 provinces, the consecutive precipitation in summer increase 16 stochastically from period 1 to period 2 or period 3, or increase stochastically from period 2 to period 17 3. These 17 provinces mainly located in Northwest and Southeast China. Given the increases in the 18 average summer consecutive precipitation and the high single consecutive precipitation of prov- 19 inces which located in the Southeast China and socio-economic vulnerability to such extremes in 20 China, the local government and relevant national departments should adopt more strategies to 21 alleviate and adapt to the increasing trend of consecutive precipitation extremes.
Neutralizing activity of BBIBP-CorV vaccine-elicited sera against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Yu Xiaoqi , Wei Dong , Xu Wenxin , Guo Wentian , Li Xinxin , Tan Wei , Liu Leshan , Qu Jieming , Yang Zhi-Tao , Chen Erzhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV, especially measured the resistance of four global variants of concern: Lineage B.1.1.7, Lineage B.1.351, Lineage P.1, and Lineage B.1.526 to neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited sera. Among 1006 enrolled participants, no serious adverse event was reported within 28 days post-vaccination. Seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was seen in 698 (91.84%) of 760 healthcare workers, and the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibody titre was 62.68 (57.02–68.91) after the second immunization. We found that 57 (12.13%), 99 (20.97%), and 114 (24.26%) vaccine-elicited sera showed complete or partial loss of neutralizing activity against lineage B.1.1.7, lineage B.1.526, and lineage P.1, respectively, while 199 (42.34%) vaccine-elicited sera preserved neutralizing activity against lineage B.1.351, albeit at relatively low dilutions. These data indicated that humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 could be effectively induced in vaccine recipients, although diminished neutralization potency against multiple variants was observed.