bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I. Magnesium Promoted Coupling of Carbodiimides and Terminal Acetylenes, II. Bismuth Compounds Supported by Di(amido) Chelating Ligands
Authors:   , Schwamm Ryan James 
Published: November 2021

<p>The work presented in this thesis is divided into two parts, both of which investigate the chemistry of main group elements supported by N,N'-donor ligands. Part 1 investigates the use of Mg(mesC{NCy}₂)(N{SiMe₃}₂)(THF) (mes = 2,4,6- Me₃C₆H₃, Cy = C₆H₁₁) as a pre-catalyst for the coupling of terminal acetylenes to carbodiimides. A catalytic cycle for the reaction is proposed, based on a series of stoichiometric reactions. Ligand redistribution via Schlenk equilibria is a prominent feature of the proposed catalytic cycle. The scope of catalysis was also investigated, indicating a strong dependence on the sterics and electronics of both the carbodiimide and the terminal acetylene. Investigation of other magnesium species identified other pathways into the catalytic cycle. Part 2 explores the derivitisation of Bi(Me₂Si{NAr})Cl (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr₂C₆H₃) to form a number of novel bismuth(III) species of the general formula Bi(Me₂Si{NAr})X (X = alkyl, aryl, amide, aryloxide, phosphide). In addition, a number of cationic bismuth species have been isolated from the reaction of Bi(Me₂Si{NAr})Cl with ECl₃ (E = Al, Ga). Preliminary investigations reveal that the amide and aryloxide derivatives are active as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactide and ε-caprolactone. A number of bismuth(III) compounds bearing the related di(amido)ether ligands [O(Me₂Si{NAr})₂]²⁻ have also been synthesised.</p>
Activating Intangible Heritage
Authors:   , Keats Jasper 
Published: November 2021

<p>Laurajane Smith argues that traditional approaches to heritage tend to conform to ideas of preservation; privileging tangible and physical connections between past and present. This thesis explores heritage as an experience that can be facilitated by, but not limited to these physical remains; proposing an approach in which intangible characteristics are privileged. This alternative approach to heritage employs themes of memory, performance and intangibility in order to establish a means of architectural intervention. Within this multi-sensory approach to heritage, reminiscence is achieved by formalising a historical narrative of space, visually evoking feelings in regard to memory of the site. The site of this investigation is the Fever Hospital in Mount Victoria, Wellington, an abandoned heritage building purpose built as an isolation hospital in 1919. Through multiple architectural interventions, this thesis designs the integration of this neglected, forgotten, and isolated site as a significant element of the city. Historical narrative is engaged as a tool to distil intangible conditions and preserve the sites heritage value that would not otherwise be considered. The method of this architectural investigation uses iterative design and critical reflection to test ideas of form, scale, and program. Throughout these tests light, shadow, material, and narrative are employed as mechanisms to accentuate these less tangible elements. Informed by the history of the site, this investigation explores the programs of a bath-house and public performance space. The result being a mixed-use public space that activates the site as a component within the social context of the city, while embodying a sense of reminiscence to intangible heirtage; experienced through the spatial narrative.</p>
Topophilia: a Cistercian monastry in Australia's land of fire
Authors:   , Seear-Budd Thomas 
Published: November 2021

<p>On a portion of sacred Aboriginal land, formerly the resting place of Coranderrk Station, lies Tarrawarra Abbey, Australia’s solitary Cistercian monastery. Established in 1954, Tarrawarra Abbey represented an opportunity for a community to emerge that encouraged the interaction and collaboration between European and Aboriginal peoples. Instead, the historical discourse and relationship between Tarrawarra’s monks and Victoria’s Aboriginal people reflects a broader narrative of Australia’s past. Aboriginal histories, their perceptions of the natural world, strategies for managing and caring for the land as well as dispossession are treated as marginal and often invisible elements within a European history, architecture and life. Additionally, with the eradication of Aboriginal people from their position as protectors and guardians of their environment, combined with a changing climate, areas of Victoria’s landscape are now under serious threat as fire-storms continue to plague its most valuable forests. On February 7, 2009, the most destructive fire-storm in Australia’s history ripped through Victoria. With no Aboriginal influence on the landscape to control fuel, ‘Black Saturday’ as it became known, executed centuries old mountain ash trees, forcing them into a compromised state, a landscape trap. Consequently, the surviving stands of mountain ash and vulnerable stands of recent re-growth need protecting. This thesis addresses how site and sensory-based Aboriginal perspectives on the relationship between people, architecture and landscape can drive the manifestation of a ‘new’ and reinterpreted Cistercian monastery. Through this process the monastery will become an architectural scar. As a scar, the reinterpreted monastery and its community of monks and Aborignals will not only contribute to the protection of Kinglake National Park’s injured mountain ash forest and heritage stone water structures, but also assist in the mending of a torn relationship between two cultures.</p>
Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian primary schools
Authors:   , Ismail Saidatul Akmar 
Published: November 2021

<p>Information literacy (IL) is one of the 21st century survival skills. The concept of IL has spread widely, and IL programmes have appeared in many countries in formal settings such as schools and higher education institutions, workplaces, and community and continuing education programmes. Information literacy education (ILE) in Malaysia is officially integrated into the school curriculum. Though the Malaysian government claims that IL has been implemented in the country’s education system, anecdotal evidence suggests that the extent of ILE is uneven across schools.Thus, the goal of this qualitative study has been to identify the factors affecting the implementation of ILE in Malaysian primary schools and to explore how these factors are facilitating or hindering the process. The first stage in the research was to develop a preliminary model based on three theories: Hall and Hord’s Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM), Chen’s Action Model and Fullan’s Theory of Educational Change. CBAM provided a guide to identify the stages of implementation and factors that could affect ILE implementation within schools. The other two theories were used to identify and understand potential factors internal and external to the school ecology. Also incorporated into the model were other factors identified from the literature, such as teachers’ lack of time and resources. The interpretive paradigm was chosen in order to produce deep insights into the research problem. To explore how ILE was being implemented and to identify factors that were facilitating or hindering its implementation, case studies were conducted involving four primary schools of different types in Malaysia. Documentary evidence was gathered and semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff in these schools and with key stakeholders in education administration. Analysis of the transcripts of the interviews showed that the development and progress of ILE implementation is slower than might be expected. Hence, a range of factors hindering and facilitating ILE implementation have been identified. Most interviewees had positive attitudes towards ILE. They believed that ILE was important and had the potential to make teaching and learning activities more engaging and fun. The interviewees however also reported that there were problems in implementing ILE. These problems were associated with individual, organisational, social and cultural factors. It was also noted that there were different priorities accorded to ILE implementation in the case study schools. This was related to the different linguistic settings. Findings from this study are significant to reorient the education and training system in the country so that students are able to develop the knowledge, skills and expertise essential to fully participate in today’s digital environment. Findings also provide insight into ILE implementation in different social and cultural contexts, so contribute new perspectives to existing, Western dominated theory.</p>
A Mana Wahine Critical Analysis of New Zealand Legislation Concerning Education: Implications for Addressing Māori Social Disadvantage
Authors:   , Paul Tagan Wetekia 
Published: November 2021

<p>Theory and practice are intertwined, woven inextricably together by the way that each informs and is informed by the other (Moss 2002, Pihama 2001, Simmonds 2009). This research confronts and analyses the legal bases of gendered and race-based inequalities by critically analysing New Zealand social policy legislation through a mana wahine perspective. Mana wahine and critical policy analysis share common goals to challenge dominant theoretical and methodological norms in order to recognise unequal power distributions, of which colonisation is implicit (Tomlins-Jahnke 1997). This research has been guided by a reading of literature that suggests Māori social disadvantage has become ingrained and that policies designed to address this inequality and to include Māori people and Māori perspectives in mainstreamed systems are both confusing, and yet to be successful. This study has been designed to explore present policy legislation concerning social development. A case study of the education system has been used, which draws on historic and more contemporary Western political agendas as reflected in legislative shifts. Key findings of this research include the exclusion of mana wahine through the ongoing processes of colonisation that do not give rise to Māori cultural understandings. To summarise, the social policy context at present is characterised by: Māori demands for greater self-determination; an absence of Treaty rights for Māori; liberal interpretations of Treaty principles, and scant processes to implement them; a devoid of aspects pertinent to mana wahine, and; the contradiction between Government's articulated position on rights and inclusion in social policy and the language used in and concepts enforced by legislation. The findings are significant and reveal the ongoing complexities of Indigenous inequalities in the context of widespread policy ‘commitment’ to inclusion and equality. The central argument developed throughout this study is that there is an urgent need to shift policy thinking toward Māori if there is to be a significant movement toward justice for Māori women, which will involve Māori-centred decolonisation and the inclusion of aspects pertinent to mana wahine.</p>
Interactions between the prograding Giant Foresets Formation and a subsiding depocentre: Insights from the Parihaka 3D & ES89 2D seismic surveys
Authors:   , Johnston Aaron Graeme 
Published: November 2021

<p>This seismic interpretation project provides new insights into the interaction between the Pliocene-aged Giant Foresets Formation and the faults bounding the Northern Graben. A newly named fault-bounded depocentre within the North Taranaki Graben, the Arawa Sub-Basin, has subsided during the Pliocene, attracting volumes of sediment across the Parihaka Fault within large-scale channels. The study images kilometer-scale channels and explores the interplay between the progradation of the Giant Foresets Formation and normal faulting along the Cape Egmont Fault Zone. A focus is placed on imaging the provenance and depositional facies of sedimentary packages throughout the foresetting sequence of the Giant Foresets Formation. Mapping of the Waipipian-Nukumaruan-aged foresetting sequence within the offshore northern Taranaki Basin has previously shown the primary sediment transport direction is primarily NNW. This is contradicted by sediment-transport features mapped within the study area showing the sediment transport direction fluctuates between NE and SE. The primary mechanism of sediment redirection is faulting along the Cape Egmont Fault Zone and subsidence within the North Taranaki Graben, an elongate SW-NE graben within the northern Taranaki Basin. Smaller (˜10s m-scale) channels concentrate into much larger (˜100s m- to km-scale) mega-channels that travel E/NE into the subsiding Arawa Sub-Basin. Volcanic intrusions of the Mohakatino Volcanic Formation have also influenced the evolution of the mega-channels in the study area, via uplift and doming of the seafloor which provided a barrier to the transport of sediment. The Parihaka 3D and ES89 2D seismic surveys are interpreted using the IHS Kingdom software package to create a basic framework of horizons and faults over the Pliocene-Recent interval. Depth grid maps are produced from the grid of horizon picks. Isochore maps are produced which span key intervals between depth grids. A coherency cube of the Parihaka 3D is generated from the 3D seismic volume using OpendTect. Using the framework of faults and horizons within the coherency cube, imaging sediment transport and deposition features in the vicinity of normal faulting is made possible by flattening on a top foresets horizon and horizontally slicing the data at regular intervals. This recreates past conditions by removing the effects of fault-slip and differential compaction. These “time-slices” contain clear images of channels, canyons and fan-deposits allowing sediment provenance and transport direction to be mapped and interpreted. Finally, seismic section images from the Parihaka 3D and ES89 2D seismic surveys are generated along paths intersecting key geological features within the study area.</p>
The Neogene seismic stratigraphy and uplift history of the Otago Shelf, New Zealand
Authors:   , Clark Michael 
Published: November 2021

<p>The Otago continental shelf is a prospective petroleum area on the east side of the South Island New Zealand. During the Neogene it evolved from a post-rift to passive margin as giant progrades extended eastward across the shelf, fed by tectonic uplift and erosion of the Southern Alps to the west. Seismic reflection profiles reveal an uplifted limestone horizon near the Dunedin Volcano. This may be caused by a buoyant load under the lithosphere and can be spatially and temporally linked to the Dunedin Volcano and geophysical anomalies in the area. This thesis utilises 2D and 3D seismic data to map Neogene sequence boundaries over the Otago Shelf. Seven such sequence boundaries have been mapped based on distinctive seismic characteristics above and below these surfaces. These surfaces have been tied to nearby petroleum and Integrated Ocean Drilling Project wells using biostratigraphic data and then used to generate a series of isopach and depth maps that document the Neogene evolution of this margin. The maps depict the deposition of Neogene sediment and provide age constraints to structural events in the basin such as the uplift near Dunedin and fault movement on the Endeavour High. The maps are then used to develop a lithospheric flexure model where uplift is interpreted to have been caused by asthenospheric upwelling beneath Dunedin. The model provides insight into the conditions that led to the flexure of the lithosphere, specifically the elastic thickness of the plate and the magnitude and depth distribution of buoyant intrusive material that fed the Dunedin Volcano. Asthenospheric upwelling explains elevated heat flow around Dunedin and would result in enhanced petroleum maturity. This highlights the potential for petroleum generation in source rocks immediately offshore from Dunedin.</p>
Pulsed Second Order Magnetic Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Real-Time Fluid Transport Measurements
Authors:   , Kittler Wilfred 
Published: November 2021

<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement techniques are able to characterise a large array of physical properties and systems, both transparent and opaque, in a nondestructive, non-invasive manner. This allows systems to be probed with minimal disturbance, and in most cases, information can be obtained with little to no experimental bias. For these reasons NMR lends itself well to many fields of research. Of particular importance to this research is NMR measurement of the characteristic function which defines fluid transport known as the average propagator. This quantity provides the probability distribution for fluid displacement, and all mobility information of the fluid matter under measurement. The average propagator is normally measured by NMR with a series of experiments which require an extended period of time. When systems are evolving on a time scale which is shorter than the total experimental time required to measure the average propagator, the measurement cannot be performed as different experiments in the series relate to different states of the system. In this thesis a method for transforming the slow, serial process of measuring the average propagator into an instantaneous, parallel process has been developed. This allows real-time characterisation of flows, diffusion, and the properties of the pore spaces in porous media containing fluid. The details of the newly developed technique are provided along with new hardware designed and built to perform the new parallel method, allowing instantaneous measurement of the average propagator. Experimental results are presented for well known model systems. These systems are used because their properties and models describing their behaviour are well understood. The experimental measurements for these model systems were compared to theoretical predictions to verify the effectiveness of the new average propagator measurement technique, providing a proof of concept, and proving the validity of this new average propagator measurement for real-time characterisation of fluid transport and porous media.</p>
Authentic Discourse and Model Exemplars in Japanese Language Textbooks: A Case Study of Apologies and Requests
Authors:   , Kato Nobuko 
Published: November 2021

<p>In recent years, the communicative approach has prevailed in second language teaching, such that model dialogues are presented in textbooks for language learners. However, there has been little research on the extent to which such exemplars reflect authentic discourse in Japanese. This thesis, therefore, explores the speech acts of Japanese language native speakers (NSs), non-native speakers who are learning Japanese (NNSs), and discourse model examples presented in Japanese language textbooks (TXs) in order to investigate their similarities and differences, and thereby enhance the contents of textbooks. In particular, this thesis focuses on the discourse structure and expressions. The study takes a quantitative approach to the data analysis, using two different scenarios in settings of apology and requests. NSs pairs and NNSs pairs were requested to perform role-plays of two different scenarios in Japanese. The conversational data of the role-plays were transcribed, and the model exemplars of apology and request presented in the selected Japanese language textbooks were also analysed. The analysis employs the framework of cross-cultural speech act realisation patterns (CCSARP) of Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) to categorise utterances based on the intentions of the speakers into two parts, namely: Head Acts (HAs) and Supportive Moves (SMs). Once the data were classified by the CCSARP, individual HAs and SMs were sorted according to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory (1987), which divides politeness strategies into four types: bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. By adopting both CCSARP and politeness theory, the characteristics of the discourse strategies and expressions of the three groups analysed in this thesis can be grasped. The analysis produces several new findings by identifying various ways in which the model dialogues in Japanese language textbooks fail to reflect the natural discourse of Japanese native speakers. The thesis presents suggestions for improvement for the benefit of textbook authors in future.</p>
Justice under Anarchy: Rawlsian Global Justice with New Zealand as a Case Study
Authors:   , Ivory Andrew 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis makes an innovative argument for global justice by exploring neglected areas of Rawlsian theory, and using New Zealand as a case study. An enquiry into the Rawlsian view of domestic justice is included because it acts as a basis for Rawlsian global justice. In giving its view of global justice, the thesis argues for a global difference principle focused on persons. This argument includes an exploration of a neglected aspect of the principle; how it is constrained by the duty of assistance and the just savings principle. The thesis will also show that the global difference principle makes demands on developed nations because they can help realize the principle by improving conditions in developing nations by using Official Development Assistance (ODA). It is also likely that developed nations can improve conditions in the developing world by using the international factor of trade. However, rather than just focusing on this factor, the thesis reasons it is best to use this factor in tandem with ODA. The thesis also shows that developed nations should provide ODA by demonstrating how the numerous pledges made by developed nations over the years regarding ODA amount to promises, and that promises have moral significance. Before moving on to discuss New Zealand’s ODA programme, the thesis examines one of Rawls’s international principles of justice, the freedom and independence of peoples principle, and how it applies to New Zealand. In making an argument for the principle, the thesis shows how the principle can fit into a global justice framework, and adds to the literature by showing how the principle should treat small polities. The thesis also assesses how New Zealand’s history of colonialism has and has not respected the principle. This history also affects New Zealand’s ODA programme, so much so that one can be justified in describing this programme as being a relic of this history. This programme will be the subject of the final topic-based chapter. Previous assessments of the programme have been done with no, or a limited, normative framework. By this point a detailed Rawlsian normative framework, along with a picture of ODA’s efficacy, is in place, and is used to analyse the programme. This analysis includes the policy recommendations of monetarily enlarging the programme, focusing the programme on the globally least advantaged, and giving more of the programme’s funds to multilateral agencies.</p>