bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive imaging of tau-targeted probe uptake by whole brain multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Vagenknecht Patrick , Ono Maiko , Luzgin Artur , Ji Bin , Higuchi Makoto , Noain Daniela , Maschio Cinzia , Sobek Jens , Chen Zhenyue , Konietzko Uwe , Gerez Juan , Roland Riek , Nitsch Roger M. , Razansky Daniel , Klohs Jan , Dean-Ben Xose Luis , Ni Ruiqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimAbnormal tau accumulation plays an important role in tauopathy diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Frontotemporal dementia. There is a need for high-resolution imaging of tau deposits at the whole brain scale in animal models. Here, we demonstrate non-invasive whole brain imaging of tau-targeted PBB5 probe in P301L model of 4-repeat tau at 130 μm resolution using volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT).MethodsThe binding properties of PBB5 to 4-repeat K18 tau and Aβ42fibrils were assessed by using Thioflavin T assay and surface plasmon resonance assay. We identified the probe PBB5 suitable for vMSOT tau imaging. The imaging performance was first evaluated using postmortem human brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Concurrent vMSOT and epi-fluorescence imaging ofin vivoPBB5 targeting (i.v.) was performed in P301L and wild-type mice.Ex vivomeasurements on excised brains along with multiphoton microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections were performed for validation. The spectrally-unmixed vMSOT data was registered with MRI atlas for volume-of-interest analysis.ResultsPBB5 showed specific binding to recombinant K18 tau fibrils, Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue homogenate by competitive binding against [11C]PBB3 and to tau deposits (AT-8 positive) in post-mortem corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy brain.i.v. administration of PBB5 in P301L mice led to retention of the probe in tau-laden cortex and hippocampus in contrast to wild-type animals, as also confirmed byex vivovMSOT, epi-fluorescence and multiphoton microscopy results.ConclusionvMSOT with PBB5 facilitates novel 3D whole brain imaging of tau in P301L animal model with high-resolution for future mechanistic studies and monitoring of putative treatments targeting tau.
Genetic similarity enhances the strength of the relationship between gut bacteria and host DNA methylation
Authors: Zhou Jia , Tesfamicael Kiflu , Zhou Shao Jia , Rollins Lee A. , Lopez Carlos M. Rodriguez 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFactors such as host age, sex, diet, health status and genotype constitute the environmental envelope shaping microbial communities in the host’s gut. It has also been proposed that gut microbiota may be influenced by host epigenetics. Although the relationship between the host’s genotype/epigenotype and its associated microbiota has been the focus of a number of recent studies, the relative importance of these interactions and their biological relevance are still poorly understood. We used methylation-sensitive genotyping by sequencing to genotype and epigenotype invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) from the species’ Australian range-core (three sites) and the invasion-front (three sites), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize their gut bacterial communities. We tested the effect of host genotype and epigenotype (i.e., methylome) on gut bacterial communities. Our results indicate that the genotypes, epigenotypes and gut communities of the range-core and invasion-front are significantly different from one another. We found a positive association between host pairwise genetic and epigenetic distances. More importantly, a positive relationship was found between the host’s epigenetic and gut bacterial pairwise distances. Interestingly, this association was stronger in individuals with low genetic differentiation. Our findings suggest that in range-expanding populations, where individuals are often genetically similar, the interaction between gut bacterial communities and host methylome may provide a mechanism through which invaders increase the plasticity of their response to novel environments, potentially increasing their invasion success.
Nonlinear expression patterns and multiple shifts in gene network interactions underlie robust phenotypic change in Drosophila melanogaster selected for night sleep duration
Authors: Souto-Maior Caetano , Serrano Negron Yazmin L. , Harbison Susan T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll but the simplest phenotypes are believed to result from interactions between two or more genes forming complex networks of gene regulation. Sleep is a complex trait known to depend on the system of feedback loops of the circadian clock, and on many other genes; however, the main components regulating the phenotype and how they interact remain an unsolved puzzle. Genomic and transcriptomic data may well provide part of the answer, but a full account requires a suitable quantitative framework. Here we conducted an artificial selection experiment for sleep duration with RNA-seq data acquired each generation. The phenotypic results are robust across replicates and previous experiments, and the transcription data provides a high-resolution, time-course data set for the evolution of sleep-related gene expression. In addition to a Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model analysis of differential expression that accounts for experimental replicates we develop a flexible Gaussian Process model that estimates interactions between genes. 145 gene pairs are found to have interactions that are different from controls. Our method appears to be not only more specific than standard correlation metrics but also more sensitive, finding correlations not significant by other methods. Statistical predictions were compared to experimental data from public databases on gene interactions. Mutations of candidate genes implicated by our results affected night sleep, and gene expression profiles largely met predicted gene-gene interactions.
Novel insights into pulmonary phosphate homeostasis and osteoclastogenesis emerge from the study of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
Authors: Uehara Yasuaki , Nikolaidis Nikolaos M. , Pitstick Lori B. , Wu Huixing , Yu Jane J. , Zhang Erik , Hasegawa Yoshihiro , Tanaka Yusuke , Noel John G. , Gardner Jason C. , Kopras Elizabeth J. , Haffey Wendy D. , Greis Kenneth D. , Guo Jinbang , Woods Jason C. , Wikenheiser-Brokamp Kathryn A. , Zhao Shuyang , Xu Yan , Kyle Jennifer E. , Ansong Charles , Teitelbaum Steven L. , Inoue Yoshikazu , Altinişik Göksel , McCormack Francis X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an autosomal recessive lung disease caused by a deficiency in the pulmonary epithelial Npt2b sodium-phosphate co-transporter that results in accumulation of phosphate and formation of hydroxyapatite microliths in the alveolar space. The single cell transcriptomic analysis of a PAM lung explant showing a robust osteoclast gene signature in alveolar monocytes and the finding that calcium phosphate microliths contain a rich protein and lipid matrix that includes bone resorbing osteoclast enzymes suggested a role for osteoclast-like cells in the defense against microliths. While investigating the mechanisms of microlith clearance, we found that Npt2b modulates pulmonary phosphate homeostasis through effects on alternative phosphate transporter activity and alveolar osteoprotegerin, and that microliths induce osteoclast formation and activity in a receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and dietary phosphate dependent manner. This work reveals that Npt2b and pulmonary osteoclast-like cells play key roles in pulmonary homeostasis and suggest potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung disease.
Environmental assessment of entropy control in flight process
Authors: Sogut Mehmet Ziya 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine exergy efficiency of engines and entropy performances at the flight process. In addition, the improvements that can be achieved in the system with the effective parametric controls of the engine have been evaluated in terms of both efficiency and entropy in the system.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the flight characteristics of the engine, the altitude-dependent irreversibilities and their environmental effects were discussed with two developed indicators, energy performance indicator (EPI) and sustainability indicator (SI).

Findings
According to the results of both indicators, the energy efficiency potential of the engine during the flight process was found to be 15.02%, while the fuel-based efficiency potential was 18.84%.

Research limitations/implications
It is limited by the flight process of a Turboprop engine.

Practical implications
The management tools and criteria of entropy are very difficult model studies. The study offers an evaluable approach based on two basic criteria developed for engines.

Social implications
In monitoring and review of entropy management related to fossil fuel technologies, key indicators developed can be used as benchmarks for managing emission sources

Originality/value
The two basic indicators developed can be used as monitoring measurement tools of sustainable energy and environmental performances for engines and applications.
Multi-objective structural optimization of a wind turbine blade using NSGA-II algorithm and FSI
Authors: Özkan Ramazan , Genç Mustafa Serdar 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Wind turbines are one of the best candidates to solve the problem of increasing energy demand in the world. The aim of this paper is to apply a multi-objective structural optimization study to a Phase II wind turbine blade produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to obtain a more efficient small-scale wind turbine.

Design/methodology/approach
To solve this structural optimization problem, a new Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) was performed. In the optimization study, the objective function was on minimization of mass and cost of the blade, and design parameters were composite material type and spar cap layer number. Design constraints were deformation, strain, stress, natural frequency and failure criteria. ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP) module was used to model the composite materials of the blade. Moreover, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model in ANSYS was used to carry out flow and structural analysis on the blade.

Findings
As a result, a new original blade was designed using the multi-objective structural optimization study which has been adapted for aerodynamic optimization, the NSGA-II algorithm and FSI. The mass of three selected optimized blades using carbon composite decreased as much as 6.6%, 11.9% and 14.3%, respectively, while their costs increased by 23.1%, 29.9% and 38.3%. This multi-objective structural optimization-based study indicates that the composite configuration of the blade could be altered to reach the desired weight and cost for production.

Originality/value
ACP module is a novel and advanced composite modeling technique. This study is a novel study to present the NSGA-II algorithm, which has been adapted for aerodynamic optimization, together with the FSI. Unlike other studies, complex composite layup, fiber directions and layer orientations were defined by using the ACP module, and the composite blade analyzed both aerodynamic pressure and structural design using ACP and FSI modules together.
A new simplified fluid dynamic model for digital twins of electrohydraulic servovalves
Authors: Dalla Vedova Matteo Davide Lorenzo , Berri Pier Carlo 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new simplified numerical model, based on a very compact semi-empirical formulation, able to simulate the fluid dynamics behaviors of an electrohydraulic servovalve taking into account several effects due to valve geometry (e.g. flow leakage between spool and sleeve) and operating conditions (e.g. variable supply pressure or water hammer).

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model simulates the valve performance through a simplified representation, deriving from the linearized approach based on pressure and flow gains, but able to evaluate the mutual interaction between boundary conditions, pressure saturation and leak assessment. Its performance was evaluated comparing with other fluid dynamics numerical models (a detailed physics-based high-fidelity one and other simplified models available in the literature).

Findings
Although still showing some limitations attributable to its simplified formulation, the proposed model overcomes several deficiencies typical of the most common fluid dynamic models available in the literature, describing the water hammer and the nonlinear dependence of the delivery differential pressure with the spool displacement.

Originality/value
Although still based on a simplified formulation with reduced computational costs, the proposed model introduces a new nonlinear approach that, approximating with suitable precision the pressure-flow fluid dynamic characteristic of a servovalve, overcomes the shortcomings typical of such models.
The mediating effect of consumers’ price level perception and emotions towards supermarkets
Authors: Cakici A. Celil , Tekeli Sena 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the impact of consumers’ price sensitivity on their purchase intention within the scope of supermarkets. Besides, the study aims to examine the impact of consumers’ price sensitivity on their price perception level and emotions and the impact of consumers’ price level perception and emotions toward supermarkets on their purchase intention. It also aims to detect the mediating effects of consumers’ price level perception and emotions toward supermarkets between their price sensitivity and purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachThe quota sampling method was used to form the study sample. The population was 20–69-year-old consumers. The study sample included 513 consumers, 276 of whom were men, and 237 of whom were women. Data were collected via a questionnaire by the researchers in Mersin’s (Turkey) five central counties. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models were used to analyze data.FindingsConsumers’ price sensitivity, perception of cheapness, perception of expensiveness and positive emotions toward supermarkets affect their purchase intention. Besides, price sensitivity affects their perception of cheapness while it does not affect their perception of expensiveness. It influences negative emotions, but not on positive emotions. Consumers’ perception of cheapness and perception of expensiveness have impacts on positive emotions toward supermarkets. It was additionally discovered that perception of cheapness and perception of expensiveness affected negative emotions toward supermarkets. A contributed finding was that perception of cheapness had a partial mediating role between price sensitivity and purchase intention.Practical implicationsThe study provides managerial implications in terms of understanding consumers’ behavioral changes, developing effective pricing strategies and achieving competitive advantages over the other retailing companies.Originality/valueThe study illustrates that consumer behavior can be explained by a theoretical construct considering the price perception levels and emotions toward supermarkets in examining the effect of consumers’ price sensitivity on their purchase intention. Therefore, it contributes to explain consumers’ behavior by bringing the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model into a theoretical construct.
COVID-19 and the new forms of employment relationship: implications and insights for human resource development
Authors: Hamouche Salima , Chabani Zakariya 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The labor market has witnessed the increase of the new forms of employment relationship (freelancers, contingent workers, and gig workers) due to the COVID-19 outbreak, generating new workforce patterns that represent a significant challenge for human resource development (HRD) professionals in organizations. Studies that have addressed these new forms of employment relationship and HRD during this pandemic are sparse. This paper aims to broaden the scope of HRD research by exploring the implications of these new forms of employment relationship for HRD in the time of COVID-19. It also provides insights for HRD professionals as well as governments into how to address this challenge.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a viewpoint that addresses the new workforce patterns generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and their implications for HRD at the organizational, individual and national levels.

Findings
COVID-19 sheds light on the importance of atypical workers who can create a competitive advantage for organizations, ensure their continuity and significantly benefit national and societal well-being in times of health crisis. However, these atypical workers are often overlooked when it comes to training and development. Whence the importance, for HRD professionals and governments, to address their situation and to integrate them into organizational and national HRD plans and programs, by going beyond traditional models of HRD which focus mainly on standard employees.

Originality/value
This paper examines a relatively unexplored topic. Besides examining the implications of the new forms of employment relationship, for HRD, it provides insights for HRD professionals and governments into how to address the challenges related to these new forms of employment relationship.
Continuing care retirement community senior housing in Shanghai: an analysis of the development barriers
Authors: Lam Terence Y.M. , Yan Junjie 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Shanghai is currently faced with a rapid increase in the ageing population and demand for elderly homes. Continuing care retirement community (CCRC) has been emerging as a high-end alternative to offer specialised accommodation to the elderly in major cities. Since the first development in 2008, the industry is now still at the infancy stage. This study aims to examine the investment barriers hindering the supply and demand of CCRCs with an aim to recommend practical and senior housing policy measures to facilitate CCRC developments.

Design/methodology/approach
Multiple-case study method was used to confirm whether the literature findings on investment barriers apply to the context of Shanghai. Four representative CCRC development cases in Shanghai were examined, in which qualitative data were collected from interviews with experienced CCRC development managers and quantitative data from a questionnaire survey of the CCRC residents.

Findings
Operation management experience, financial risks and government support policy were found to be the main supply barriers. Chinese traditional family-oriented culture and affordability were not the main demand barriers of CCRCs in Shanghai. Poor quality of services and living environment were identified as the main barriers suppressing the demand for CCRC.

Research limitations/implications
Although common trends and views can be drawn from the representative cases in Shanghai to provide valid results, further research should be conducted on other major cities in China so that the results can be widely applied.

Practical implications
Successful CCRC investment strategy should focus on partnering with experienced professional eldercare management companies, provisions of high-quality medical professionals and trained care personnel and delivery of flexible care service, along with intensive capital flows for land, construction and operating costs.

Social implications
Additional senior housing policy support should be established to promote the CCRC supply to address the ageing needs, particularly granting lands for CCRC developments at Tiers 1 and 2 major cities where the land cost is high.

Originality/value
This research’s practical and policy measures can be applied to enable and promote CCRC developments in Shanghai, thus benefitting both housing investors and the government. The findings also form a baseline for CCRC developments in other major cities.
Revisiting the contingency theory: dissection of entrepreneurial orientation elements in retail franchisee performance
Authors: Naidu Samantha , Singh Gurmeet , Narayan Jashwini 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to analyze how various contingencies within the contingency theory influence the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) elements and performance of retail franchisees in a South Pacific Island nation.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a quantitative approach of data collection from 203 managers in a total of 89 retail franchise outlets. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used with data analysis through SPSS AMOS and covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM).FindingsThe results confirmed that technology, innovation and promotion; competitive edge and value co-creation; high return opportunity capitalization; and empowerment and support influenced franchisee performance, while responsive customer focused leadership and competitor knowledge proved to be insignificant. The findings supported EO's influence on both financial and non-financial indicators, with greater influence on financial indicators. The result revealed that EO accounts for partial impact on franchisee performance, while the remaining impact could be attributed to organization and environment contingencies.Originality/valueThe study proposes a novel context of EO in franchising, where we dissect key elements within the EO dimensions. It also adds to the extant literature on how the broader context of environmental and organizational factors termed as “strategic fit” affects entrepreneurial franchisee performance.
Analysis of temperature field and convection heat transfer of oil-air two-phase flow for ball bearing with under-race lubrication
Authors: Bao Heyun , Hou Xiaonan , Tang Xin , Lu Fengxia 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Under-race lubrication can increase the amount of lubricating oil entering a bearing and greatly improve lubrication and cooling effects. The oil-air two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a ball bearing with under-race lubrication play a key role in lubrication and cooling performance. The purpose of this paper is to study these two characteristics, and then provide guidance for lubrication and heat dissipation of bearing with under-race lubrication.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a simplified three-dimension heat transfer model of ball bearing with under-race lubrication is established; the coupled level set volume of fluid method is used to track the oil-air two-phase flow, and the Palmgren method is used to calculate the heat generation. The influence of rotation speed and inlet velocity on oil volume fraction, temperature and convection heat transfer is investigated. A temperature test for under-race lubrication is carried out.

Findings
Because of the centrifugal force, lubricating oil is located more on the outer ring raceway. As the rotation speed decreases and the inlet velocity increases, the oil volume fraction increases and the temperature decreases. Furthermore, the area with high oil volume fraction has a large convection heat transfer coefficient and low temperature. The error between the simulation temperature and the test temperature is within 10%.

Originality/value
The research on the temperature field and convection heat transfer characteristics of under-race lubrication ball bearings at different rotation speeds and inlet velocities is rarely involved.