bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc): Developing an Interpretable Clinical Score for Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury at the Emergency Department
Authors: Ang Yukai , Li Siqi , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Xie Feng , Teo Su Hooi , Choong Lina , Koniman Riece , Chakraborty Bibhas , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Liu Nan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised patients is a common syndrome associated with poorer patient outcomes. Clinical risk scores can be used for the early identification of patients at risk of AKI. We conducted a retrospective study using electronic health records of Singapore General Hospital emergency department patients who were admitted from 2008 to 2016. The primary outcome was inpatient AKI of any stage within 7 days of admission based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. A machine learning AutoScore algorithm was used to generate clinical scores from the study sample which was divided into training, validation and testing cohorts. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). Among the 119,468 admissions, 10,693 (9.0%) developed AKI. 8,491 were stage 1 (79.4%), 906 stage 2 (8.5%) and 1,296 stage 3 (12.1%). The AKI Risk Score (AKI-RiSc) was a summation of the integer scores of 6 variables: serum creatinine, serum bicarbonate, pulse, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. AUC of AKI-RiSc was 0.730 (95% CI: 0.713 – 0.747), outperforming an existing AKI Prediction Score model which achieved AUC of 0.665 (95% CI: 0.646 – 0.679) on the testing cohort. At a cut-off of 4 points, AKI-RiSc had a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 46.7%. AKI-RiSc is a simple clinical score that can be easily implemented on the ground for early identification of AKI and potentially be applied in international settings.
Maprotiline Prompt the Anti-tumor Effect by Inhibiting the PD-L1 in Mice Burdened Melanoma
Authors: Zhao Tiesuo , Li Yang , Liu Miaomiao , Zhou Lin , Wu Zunge , Chen Haoqi , Guo Jiaming , Gao Mengdan , Zhong Jiateng , Wang Mingyong , Ren Feng , Feng Zhiwei , Jia Huijie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) binds with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to inhibit the responses of T cells. PD-L1 is significantly upregulated on tumor cells and blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 signal has become an important target of immunotherapy in clinic. At present, some old drugs of non-antitumor have been found that could play the effect of anti-tumor. Maprotiline, as a tetracyclic antidepressant, has been widely used for treating mental depression. Here, we study the anti-tumor effect of maprotiline by strengthening the immune response of mice. In vitro, treatment with maprotiline inhibits the proliferation and migration of B16 cells, increases the cell apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with maprotiline reduces the expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissue, prompts the ratios of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells in spleens, increases the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor-tissues. In brief, we determine that maprotiline could prompt the anti-tumor immune response by inhibiting the PD-L1 in mice. This study may find a new inhibitor of PD-L1, which provides a new drug treated tumor in clinical.
Islamic Copper-Based Metal Artefacts from the Garb Al-Andalus. A Multidisciplinary Approach on the Alcáçova of Mārtulah (Mértola, South of Portugal)
Authors: Bottaini Carlo Emanuele , Gómez-Martínez Susana , Bordalo Rui , Beltrame Massimo , Mirão José , Rafael Lígia , Schiavon Nick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach has been applied to investigate the production technology of a collection of copper-based artefacts found during archaeological excavation campaigns carried out in the Almohad neighbourhood of Mārtulah, the Islamic name of modern Mértola (South of Portugal). In stark contrast to other Islamic materials found in the same site such as common and finely decorated pottery, glass, and bone artefacts, metal objects have received less attention despite the number of artefacts recovered. This study focuses on the chemical characterisation of 172 copper-based artefacts dating back to the 12th and the first half of the 13th centuries. The artefacts are daily use objects and consist of personal ornaments (earrings, rings, and casket ornaments), tools (spindles, spatulas, and oil lamp sticks) and artefacts with unknown functions. X-ray fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), provided information not only about technological issues, as well as on the socio-economic implications of metal consumption at Islamic Mértola. The results revealed that metals were produced with a variety of Cu-based alloys, namely unalloyed copper, brasses, bronzes, and ternary alloys, by mixing Cu, Zn and Sn and Pb without any apparent consistency, as a likely result of recurrent recycling and mixing scrap metals practices or use of minerals available locally.
Soliton, Breather-Like and Dark-Soliton-Breather-Like Solutions for the Coupled Long-Wave-Short-Wave System
Authors: Bi Kuai , Hao Hui-Qin , Zhang Jian-Wen , Guo Rui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we will obtain the exact $N$-soliton solution of the coupled long-wave-short-wave system via the developed Hirota bilinear method. Through manipulating the relevant parameters, we will construct different types of solutions which include breather-like solutions and dark-soliton-breather-like solutions. Moreover, we will demonstrate that the interactions of two-soliton and two-breather-like solutions are all elastic through asymptotic analysis method. Finally, we will display the interactions through illustrations.PACS 05.45.Yv; 02.30.Ik; 42.81.Dp
Trade-Offs in German Wind Energy Expansion: Building Bridges Between Different Interests, Values and Priorities.
Authors: Reitz Sybille , Goshen Lauren , Ohlhorst Dörte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In order to achieve climate targets, a transition to low-carbon energy production is necessary. However, conflicts between different interests, values and priorities, particularly at the community level, can constrain this transition. This paper aims to analyze lines of conflict and opportunities for building bridges between conflicting interests in the expansion of wind energy in Germany at the local level, in order to achieve successful implementation of wind energy projects.Results: Our analysis of four cases of local-level wind energy projects in Germany shows that limited local options for action reinforce the need for local actors to maximize the benefits of energy transition projects. In addition to the conflict over scarce space, the lines of conflict at the local level run primarily along the dimensions of costs and benefits, winners and losers. Real or perceived procedural and distributive injustices have the potential to fuel resistance to wind energy projects in the selected cases. Wind energy projects were successfully implemented in the four selected cases despite the presence of local opposition.Conclusions: The results show that, by integrating procedural and distributive justice and offering tailored solutions, community support for expansion of renewable energy projects can be enhanced. Further, the paper advances the concept of societal sponsorship, which is the willingness of members of a community to bear, or tolerate, decisions despite conflicting opinions. This concept is presented as an alternative to the concept of acceptance, which implies a positive, supportive attitude, and that protest should be avoided or overcome instead of recognized as a contribution to the debate. Societal sponsorship can be enhanced when procedural and distributive justice are adequately addressed.
All-In-One Approaches for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: Metal-Phenolic Nanoplatform for MR Imaging-Guided Combinational Therapy
Authors: Xie Qi , Li Shichao , Feng Xingxing , Shi Jingyu , Li Yang , Yuan Guanjie , Yang Conglian , Shen Yaqi , Kong Li , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Conventional chemotherapy has poor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) which is highly heterogeneous and aggressive. Imaging-guided therapy is usually combined with diverse treatment modalities, could realize the integration of diagnosis and treatments. Therefore, the primary challenge for combinational therapy is designing proper delivery systems to accomplish multiple synergistic effects.
Results

Herein, a facile nanoplatform is manufactured to fulfill the all-in-one approaches for TNBC combinational therapy. Fe3+-based metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) modification serve as drug delivery carriers to encapsulate bleomycin (BLM), forming BFE NPs@BSA. It is found that BFE NPs@BSA could be further used as photothermal transduction agents and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Once internalized into tumor cells, released BLM could cause DNA damage, while Fenton reactions are initiated to produce highly toxic •OH. Upon laser irradiation, BFE NPs@BSA could convert light into heat to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. Moreover, as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents, BFE NPs@BSA could provide diagnosis and treatment monitoring for individualized precise therapy.
Conclusions

This strategy provides an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform for MRI-guided combinational therapy against TNBC.
Efficacy of Liraglutide 3.0 Mg Treatment on Weight-Loss in Patients with Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Muratori Fabrizio , Vignati Federico , Sacco Gianleone Di , Gavazzi Lidia , Pellegrino Domenico , Prete Michela Del 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose Bariatric surgery, as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic gastric banding (LGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), is considered the gold standard treatment to achieve long-term weight-loss in severe obesity. In patients who fail to maintain the achieved weight, pharmacological treatment may be required. Here, we reported our real-life experience on efficacy of liraglutide therapy in 62 patients who regained weight after bariatric surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 62 (60 F-2 M; mean age: 43.6±9.9 years) patients received liraglutide for weight-loss after bariatric surgery (17 RYGB, 22 LGB and 23 LSG). Body mass index (BMI) before and after surgery was respectively of 45.4±5.5 kg/m2 and 29.5±4.9 kg/m2. Patients were followed from 2016 until 2021. Liraglutide was administered after weight regain once-daily subcutaneously at starting dose of 0.6 mg and with weekly increases up to 3.0 mg. Treatments were administered when a weight regain of 10-15% occurred after reaching a minimum weight-loss from bariatric surgery or if weight-loss after bariatric surgery was unsatisfactory. ResultsAfter a mean of 70.7±43.7 months from any bariatric surgery, all patients started liraglutide therapy. At this time, mean BMI was 34.2±4.8 kg/m2 (mean increased BMI: 4.7±2.8 kg/m2). After a mean of 10.5±4.4 months from the beginning of liraglutide, 9 patients achieved normal weight (BMI 24.1±0.9 kg/m2), 28 were overweight (BMI 26.9±1.6 kg/m2). Twenty patients achieved grade I (BMI 32.1±1.5 kg/m2), 5 grade II (BMI 37.3±2.0 kg/m2) obesity, none had grade III obesity (mean BMI change: -5.1±2.5 kg/m2). The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were recorded.ConclusionThese data confirm the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in patients who experienced weight regain after bariatric surgery. Considering the long-term follow-up, patients should be followed up regularly and the pharmacological treatment should be adapted to the weight fluctuations observed during the clinical history.
Recovery in stroke patients treated with fluoxetine versus placebo: A pooled analysis of 7,165 patients
Authors: Elsnhory Ahmed , Hasan Mohammed Tarek , Hagrass AbdulRahman Ibrahim , Hanbal Ahmed , fathy Anas , Ahmed Eslam , Ouerdane Yassamine , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Doheim Mohamed Fahmy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

We conducted this study to build clear evidence regarding the outcomes of recovery in stroke patients treated with fluoxetine versus placebo.
Methods

Seventeen randomized clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until June 2021.
Results

Fluoxetine enhances the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score [MD -0.67, 95% CI (-1.19 to -0.15), P = 0.01] and the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) score [MD 17.36, 95% CI (12.12 to 22.61), P <0.00001] at three months follow up. However, the NIHSS score showed no significant difference between the two groups at two weeks [MD -0.32 ,95% CI (-0.72 to 0.07), p=0.11] or at six months [MD -0.17 ,95% CI (-0.47 to 0.14), p=0.29]. Fluoxetine and placebo-treated patients had the same overall impact on FMMS scores at one month [MD 7.77, 95% CI (-10.57 to 26.11), P = 0.41]. The fluoxetine had a higher risk of broken bone (RR = 2.30, 95% CI [1.59, 3.32], p < 0.001) and hyponatremia (RR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.19, 3.76], p= 0.01) with lower risk of new depression (RR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.61, 0.84], p< 0.001) in comparison to placebo.
Conclusion

The efficacy of fluoxetine on the NIHSS and FMMS is likely to take time to emerge and is expected to be transient. The BI score did not differ between the fluoxetine and placebo groups. The use of fluoxetine increased the incidence of hyponatremia and bone fractures while decreasing the risk of new-onset depression.
Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain Might Influence Treatment Outcome of Interstitial Cystitis/bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yu Wan-Ru , Chuang Fei-Chi , Chang Wei-Chuan , Kuo Hann-Chorng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIn patients with interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), 85% were found to have pelvic floor myofascial pain (PFMP) and hypertonicity (PFH). However, they are not typically trained to consider or assess PFMP as a contributing factor to patients’ IC/BPS symptoms. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PFMP and treatment outcomes in women with IC/BPS.MethodsPatients with IC/BPS who received any type of treatment were prospectively enrolled. They underwent vaginal digital examination at baseline. PFMP severity was quantified on the visual analog scale (VAS). Subject assessment items included O’Leary-Sant symptom score (OSS), Global Response Assessment (GRA), and Beck’s anxiety inventory. Object assessment items included bladder computed tomography (CT), urodynamic parameters, maximum bladder capacity, and grade of glomerulation.ResultsA total of 65 women with IC/BPS (mean age, 57.1 ± 11.3 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients with more severe PFMP had significantly higher rate of dyspareunia (p = .031); more comorbidities (p = .010); higher number of PFMP sites (p < .001); and higher OSS (p = .012). PFMP severity was not significantly correlated with bladder conditions, whether subjective or objective. Moreover, PFMP severity (VAS) was significantly negatively associated with GRA score.ConclusionPFMP might affect the subjective results of IC/BPS treatment but not the bladder condition. Therefore, in the future treatment of patients with IC/BPS, digital vaginal examinations of pelvic floor muscles should be performed and focused more on the PFM-related conditions, and necessary PFM treatments, such as the vaginal pelvic floor muscle message, should be scheduled.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Confirmed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Intermediate Uveitis – Analysis of 22 Eyes of 14 Cases From a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.
Authors: Sreeniva Janani , Jain Anupreeti , Kamalini P. Neha , Janani M. K. , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To report the role of Polymerase Chain Reaction in confirming the diagnosis of presumed mycobacterium Tuberculous Intermediate Uveitis. Method: Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases of presumed tubercular intermediate uveitis wherein intraocular fluid was tested for MTB DNA by Nested & Real time PCR, based on clinical suspicion of tubercular aetiology. QuantiFERON TB gold test and High Resolution CT Chest were done. Patients were treated with anti-tubercular therapy with oral steroids & immunomodulators. In the study, eleven were male (79%) and three female (21%). The median age was 34 years. Nested PCR for both IS 6110 & MPB 64 was positive in 64% of the cases, IS 6110 positive in 23% and MPB 64 positive in 15%. Real time PCR was positive in 48% of the cases. Vision improved in 33% cases, maintained in 57% cases and worsened in 10 % of cases. Conclusion: Presumed Tubercular intermediate uveitis can be confirmed by PCR of intraocular fluids. Anti-tubercular therapy with immunosuppression can improve vision and prevent recurrences in such cases.
Association of Lymphocyte Subsets in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with the Efficacy and Prognosis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yan Yi , Jia Junmei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The adaptation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has achieved promising effects in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all patients with NSCLC benefit from immunotherapy. There is an urgent need to explore some biomarkers to predict the efficacy and survival rate of patients with advanced NSCLC after immunotherapy. The objective of this study is to monitor the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and analyze their correlation with the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.
Methods

A total of 153 patients with advanced NSCLC were examined. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells, and Tregs were collected before any treatment, before immunotherapy, and after 4 cycles of immunotherapy. T-test was used to analyze the influencing factors of lymphocyte subtypes and their changes before and after immunotherapy. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymphocyte subtypes and efficacy with ROC curve being plotted. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between lymphocyte subtypes and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results

Gender, age, pathology, distant metastasis, and EGFR mutations all affect the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with advanced NSCLC. Compared with baseline, the effective group showed that the proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells and Tregs were significantly higher, and the proportions of CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in peripheral blood after 4 cycles of immunotherapy. On the contrary, the ineffective group showed no signs of significant differences. Baseline CD4+ T cells, NK cells and Tregs were independent predictors of immunotherapy efficacy and PFS.
Conclusions

Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce changes in the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with effective immunotherapy. The levels of lymphocyte subsets have a good predictive value for efficacy and prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC.
Effect of Hydrogen Coverage on Elastic and Optical Properties of Silicene: A First-Principle Study
Authors: Routu Santosh , Malla Jagan Mohana Rao , Yathirajula Suresh , Uppala Nageswar rao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and optical properties of hydrogenated silicene have been investigated using first-principles DFT calculations. In comparison to pristine silicene, the hydrogenated silicene exhibits high stability, reduced anisotropy, and less birefringence. In the visible range, hydrogenated silicene exhibits a constant refractive index than silicene. The elastic and optical parameters: Young’s modulus (Y), poisson’s ratio (ν), bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), dielectric constant ε(0), refractive index n(0), conductivity threshold (Eth), birefringence Δn(0), and plasmon energy (ħωp) were calculated for the first time for various hydrogen occupancy levels. The estimated parameters are agree well with the experimental and reported values that are available.
Optimization of The Energy Efficiency in Smart Internet of Vehicles Assisted By MEC
Authors: Fu Jiafei , Zhu Pengcheng , Hua Jingyu , Li Jiamin , Wen Jiangang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smart Internet of Vehicles (IoV) as a promising application in Internet of Things (IoT) emerges with the development of the fifth generation mobile communication (5G). Nevertheless, the heterogeneous requirements of sufficient battery capacity, powerful computing ability and energy efficiency for electric vehicles face great challenges due to the explosive data growth in 5G and the sixth generation of mobile communication (6G) networks. In order to alleviate the deficiencies mentioned above, this paper proposes a mobile edge computing (MEC) enabled IoV system, in which electric vehicle nodes (eVNs) upload and download data through an anchor node (AN) which is integrated with a MEC server. Meanwhile, the anchor node transmitters radio signal to electric vehicles with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technology so as to compensate the battery limitation of eletric vehicles. Moreover, the anchor node equips with full-duplex (FD) and multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) technologies for futher improve the spectrum efficiency. Taking into account the issues above, we maximize the average energy efficiency of electric vehicles by jointly optimize the CPU frequency, vehicle transmitting power, computing tasks and uplink rate. In order to solve this nonconvex problem, we propose a novel alternate interior-point iterative scheme (AIIS) under the constraints of computing tasks, energy consumption and time latency. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme comparing with the benchmark schemes.
Assessment of the Hail Damage on Agricultural Crops from North of Baragan Plain, Romania, Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Angearu Claudiu Valeriu , Ontel Irina , Irimescu Anisoara , Sorin Burcea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hail is one of the dangerous meteorological phenomena facing society. The present study aims to analyze the hail event from 20 July 2020, which affected the villages of Urleasca, Traian, Silistraru and Căldăruşa from the Traian commune, Baragan Plain. The analysis was performed on agricultural lands, using satellite images in the optical domain: Sentinel-2A, Landsat-8, Terra MODIS, as well as the satellite product in the radar domain: Soil Water Index (SWI), and weather radar data. Based on Sentinel-2A images, a threshold of 0.05 of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) difference was established between the two moments of time analyzed (14 and 21 July), thus it was found that about 4000 ha were affected. The results show that the intensity of the hail damage was directly proportional to the Land Surface Temperature (LST) difference values in Landsat-8, from 15 and 31 July. Thus, the LST difference values higher than 12° C were in the areas where NDVI suffered a decrease of 0.4-0.5. The overlap of the hail mask extracted from NDVI with the SWI difference situation at a depth of 2 cm from 14 and 21 July confirms that the phenomenon recorded especially in the west of the analyzed area, highlighted by the large values (greater than 55 dBZ) of weather radar reflectivity as well, indicating medium–large hail size. This research also reveals that satellite data is useful for cross validation of surface-based weather reports and weather radar derived products.