bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphophysiological and molecular characterization of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties for crop improvement in Western Europe
Authors: Vischi Massimo , Zorzin Nicola , Bernhart Maria , Winkler Johanna , Santra Dipak , Pappalardo Carla , Marchetti Stefano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Global warming and issues in favour of a more sustainable agriculture suggest a reconsideration of minor cereals in European agrosystems. Compared to other summer crops, proso millet has a remarkable drought resistance and could be used to improve crop rotation and biodiversity. Proso millet is also increasingly sought by industry to produce novel foods such as those designed for coeliac patients. In this study, a thorough characterization of 11, commercially available, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties was carried out as a preliminary step for crop reintroduction and breeding in Western Europe.

Methods
The cultivars under evaluation were introduced from Austria, Poland, Russia, and the USA (University of Nebraska–Lincoln). Plants were grown at Udine (NE Italy) and Gleisdorf (Styria, Austria), under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Yield components and a range of morphophysiological characters were recorded in both locations. In parallel, 85 SSR markers were tested on DNA samples extracted from randomly chosen plants of each variety and the 12 responsive markers used to genotype the whole variety set.

Results
Morphometric analyses showed that varieties have several diverging phenotypic traits and architectures. In all instances, yields recorded at field level were much lower than potential yields. In this respect, US selections were comparable to earlier developed European varieties, suggesting that breeding for an increased adaptation is the keystone for a stable reintroduction of millet in Western Europe. Molecular analyses uncovered remarkably low genetic differences and heterozygosity levels within cultivars, confirming millet as an essentially autogamous species; in contrast, large genetic distances were noted among cultivars selected in different environments. Results of SSR genotyping combined with those originating from phenotypic analyses indicated possible crosses to source the genetic variability necessary for selection.

Conclusions
This study enabled the identification of cultivars that could be used to revitalize the crop in Western Europe and to produce genetically variable hybrid progenies exploitable by breeding.
Assessment of the impact of heart failure on household economic well-being: a protocol
Authors: Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Ganapathi Sanjay , Reethu Salim , Bahl Ajay , Katageri Anand , Mishra Animesh , Alex Anoop George , Roy Bhavesh , Mohan Bishav , Joshi Hasit , Abdullakutty Jabir , Paul Justin , Rai Maneesh , Manjunath Cholenahally , Negi Prakash C. , Rajasekhar Durgaprasad , Sethi Rishi , Routray Satyanarayan , Shanmugasundaram Radhakrishnan , Padhi Sumanta Shekhar , Reddy P Shyam Sunder , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: June 2021

Background: Heart failure (HF), which is an emerging public health issue, adversely affects the strained health system in India. Additionally, the adverse impact of HF on the economic well-being of affected individuals and their families has been narrated in various anecdotal reports, with affected individuals and their dependents pushed into poverty. However, there is limited research quantifying how HF impacts the economic well-being of households from low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We describe the methods of a detailed economic impact assessment of HF at the household level in India. The study will be initiated across 20 hospitals in India. The selected centres represent different regions in India stratified based on the prevailing stages of epidemiological transition levels (ETLs). We will collect data from 1800 patients with acute decompensated HF and within 6-15 months follow-up from the time of initial admission. The data that we intend to collect will consist of a) household healthcare expenditure including out-of-pocket expenditure, b) financing mechanisms used by households and (c) the impoverishing effects of health expenditures including distress financing and catastrophic health expenditure. Trained staff at each centre will collect relevant data by using a validated and structured interview schedule. The study will have 80% power to detect an 8% difference in the proportion of households experiencing catastrophic health expenditures between two ETL groups. After considering a non-response rate of 5%, the target sample size is approximately 600 patients from each group and the total sample size is 1800 patients with heart failure. Impact: The results from our study will help policy makers in understanding the micro-economic impact of HF in India and aid in allocation of appropriate resources for prevention and control of HF.
Implementation of Means of Art Pedagogy: Origami Classes with Long-Term Ill Children
Authors: Agafonova Svetlana 
Published: June 2021

The article, based on the results of the personal practical experience of the author working with seriously ill children who are in hospitals and
deprived of the opportunity to study in ordinary schools, reveals the effectiveness of using such a means of art pedagogy as origami. Classes on the design of various paper figures have a positive effect on child patients: they reduce the state of fear and anxiety, distract from pain, increase self-confidence, and contribute to the establishment of friendships. In the process of folding origami, in addition to the pleasure of getting a new model, children improve their knowledge in the field of geometry, develop spatial abilities, learn new concepts and properties.
Geomagnetic data recovery approach based on the concept of digital twins
Authors: Vorobev Andrey , Pilipenko Vyacheslav 
Published: June 2021

There is no ground-based magnetic station or observatory that guarantees the quality of information received and transmitted to it. Data gaps, outliers, and anomalies are a common problem affecting virtually any ground-based magnetometer network, creating additional obstacles to efficient processing and analysis of experimental data. It is possible to monitor the reliability and improve the quality of the hardware and soft- ware modules included in magnetic stations by develop- ing their virtual models or so-called digital twins.
In this paper, using a network of high-latitude IMAGE magnetometers as an example, we consider one of the possible approaches to creating such models. It has been substantiated that the use of digital twins of magnetic stations can minimize a number of problems and limitations associated with the presence of emissions and missing values in time series of geomagnetic data, and also provides the possibility of retrospective forecasting of geomagnetic field parameters with a mean square error (MSE) in the auroral zone up to 11.5 nT. Integration of digital twins into the processes of collecting and registering geomagnetic data makes the automatic identification and replacement of missing and abnormal values possible, thus increasing, due to the redundancy effect, the fault tolerance of the magnetic station as a data source object.
By the example of the digital twin of the station “Kilpisjärvi” (Finland), it is shown that the proposed approach implements recovery of 99.55 % of annual information, while 86.73 % with M not exceeding 12 nT.
Barotrauma during non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19: a balance between risks and benefits
Authors: Gabrielli M , Valletta F , Franceschi F ,   on behalf of Gemelli Against COVID 2019
Published: June 2021

Ventilatory support is vital for the management of severe forms of COVID-19. Non-invasive ventilation is often used in patients who do not meet criteria for intubation or when invasive ventilation is not available, especially in a pandemic when resources are limited. Despite non-invasive ventilation providing effective respiratory support for some forms of acute respiratory failure, data about its effectiveness in patients with viral-related pneumonia are inconclusive. Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection causes life-threatening respiratory failure, weakening the lung parenchyma and increasing the risk of barotrauma. Pulmonary barotrauma results from positive pressure ventilation leading to elevated transalveolar pressure, and in turn to alveolar rupture and leakage of air into the extra-alveolar tissue. This article reviews the literature regarding the use of non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 and other epidemic or pandemic viral infections and the related risk of barotrauma.
Optimal Maintenance Probabilities and Preventive Replacement Maintenance Policy for Photocopy Machines
Authors: Udoh Nse , Udom Akaninyene , Ohaegbunem Fredrick 
Published: June 2021

The need for suitable replacement policies are essential to minimize down time, maintenance cost and maximize the availability and reliability of equipment. On this premise, this work models the failure rate of Photocopy machines and obtain its optimal preventive maintenance policy that would prevent damage and its attendant losses to both users and end-product consumers. The failure distribution of the machine was shown to follow the Log-Logistic distribution with shape parameter, ˆα=1.723339368 and scale parameter, ˆβ=763.9219635. Optimal probabilities of the distribution were obtained and utilized in both the cumulative failure function and cumulative hazard function-based replacement models to formulate a replacement maintenance policy for the machine. The failure cumulative function-based replacement model was found to be a better model which yields optimal replacement maintenance time of 166 hours at a minimum cost of 113 Naira for maintaining the machine per cycle time with 96% availability, 94% reliability and 0.07% chance of failure occurrence in the machine.
What does the SRS-22 outcome measure tell us about spinal deformity surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the UK?
Authors: Gardner Adrian , Cole Ashley , Harding Ian 
Published: June 2021

Introduction The purpose of this study was to analyse SRS-22 outcomes measures recorded on the British Spine Registry (BSR) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery in the UK. Methods All cases having completed an SRS-22 outcome score and labelled with a diagnosis code of ‘AIS’ on the BSR were analysed. The SRS-22 score for primary cases was analysed by both individual domains and as a total score over time following surgery. Results A total of 3,860 cases were labelled as AIS recorded from 3,481 individuals. For primary cases, surgery improved the SRS-22 scores in every domain and as a total score, and this was maintained over time. There was no significant change in the scores recorded between 1 and 2 years of follow up apart from in function (and thus total score) for primary cases. Conclusions Surgery for AIS in the UK improves quality of life assessed using SRS-22. Mandatory follow up to 2 years postoperatively adds little information not already known at 1 year. We recommend that the Best Practice Tariff incorporates the collection of outcomes data as this is likely to reduce missing data.
Adapting an emergency general surgery service in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hickland P , Clements JM , Convie LJ , McKay D , McElvanna K 
Published: June 2021

Introduction In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, our emergency general surgery (EGS) service underwent significant restructuring, including establishing an enhanced ambulatory service and undertaking nonoperative management of selected pathologies. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of our EGS service before and after these changes. Methods Patients referred by the emergency department were identified prospectively over a 4-week period beginning from the date our EGS service was reconfigured (COVID) and compared with patients identified retrospectively from the same period the previous year (Pre-COVID), and followed up for 30 days. Data were extracted from handover documents and electronic care records. The primary outcomes were the rate of admission, ambulation and discharge. Results There were 281 and 283 patients during the Pre-COVID and COVID periods respectively. Admission rate decreased from 78.7% to 41.7%, while there were increased rates of ambulation from 7.1% to 17.3% and discharge from 6% to 22.6% (all p<0.001). For inpatients, mean duration of admission decreased (6.9 to 4.8 days), and there were fewer operative or endoscopic interventions (78 to 40). There were increased ambulatory investigations (11 to 39) and telephone reviews (0 to 39), while early computed tomography scan was increasingly used to facilitate discharge (5% vs 34.7%). There were no differences in 30-day readmission or mortality. Conclusions Restructuring of our EGS service in response to COVID-19 facilitated an increased use of ambulatory services and imaging, achieving a decrease of 952 inpatient bed days in this critical period, while maintaining patient safety.
Safety and feasibility of resuming bariatric surgery under the cloud of COVID-19
Authors: Mamidanna R , Askari A , Patel K , Adil MT , Jain V , Jambulingam P , Whitelaw D , Rashid F , Munasinghe A , Al-Taan O 
Published: June 2021

Introduction Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bariatric surgical units globally have halted weight loss surgery. Obesity itself has been shown to be a predictor of poor outcome in people infected with the virus. The aim of this study was to report our experience as a high-volume bariatric institution resuming elective weight loss surgery safely amidst emergency admissions of COVID-19-positive patients. Methods A standard operating procedure based on national guidance and altered to accommodate local considerations was initiated across the hospital. Data were collected prospectively for 50 consecutive patients undergoing bariatric surgery following recommencement of elective surgery after the first national lockdown in the UK. Results Between 28 June and 5 August 2020, a total of 50 patients underwent bariatric surgery of whom 94% were female. Median age was 41 years and median body mass index was 43.8 (interquartile range 40.0–48.8)kg/m2. Half of the patients (n = 25/50) underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and half underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Of these 50 patients, 9 (18%) had revisional bariatric surgery. Overall median length of hospital stay was 1 day, with 96% of the study population being discharged within 24h of surgery. The overall rate of readmission was 6% and one patient (2%) returned to theatre with an obstruction proximal to jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. None of the patients exhibited symptoms or tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusion With appropriately implemented measures and precautions, resumption of bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic appears feasible and safe with no increased risk to patients.
Safety of emergency, elective and day case operating during the winter period at East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust: lessons from the outcomes of 4,254 surgical patients from the first COVID-19 wave
Authors: Parikh S , Cooper L , Matthews W , Khan M , Syed S , Vasudevan SP , Brosnan C , Barr L , Loeffler M 
Published: June 2021

Background There is limited evidence on perioperative outcomes of surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform continued operating into the winter period. Methods We retrospectively analysed the rate of 30-day COVID-19 transmission and mortality of all surgical patients in the three hospitals in our trust in the East of England during the first lockdown in March 2020. All patients who underwent a swab were swabbed on or 24 hours prior to admission. Results There were 4,254 patients and an overall 30-day mortality of 0.99%. The excess surgical mortality in our region was 0.29%. There were 39 patients who were COVID-19 positive within 30 days of admission, 12 of whom died. All 12 were emergency admissions with a length of stay longer than 24 hours. There were three deaths among those who underwent day case surgery, one of whom was COVID-19 negative, and the other two were not swabbed but not suspected to have COVID-19. There were two COVID-19 positive elective cases and none in day case elective or emergency surgery. There were no COVID-19 positive deaths in elective or day case surgery. Conclusions There was a low rate of COVID-19 transmission and mortality in elective and day case operations. Our data have allowed us to guide patients in the consent process and provided the evidence base to restart elective and day case operating with precautions and regular review. A number of regions will be similarly affected and should perform a review of their data for the winter period and beyond.
Infectious Abscess as Complication of Steroid Injection With Dilation of Refractory Upper Gastrointestinal Strictures
Authors: Voaklander Rebecca , Fang John 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Benign, refractory upper gastrointestinal strictures can be challenging to treat. Dilation combined with intralesional steroid injection is part of treatment algorithms. This intervention is typically well-tolerated, and few complications of this technique have been reported in the literature. We report 2 patients with infectious abscesses, 1 involving the neck and 1 involving the pylorus, as a complication of steroid injection and dilation of refractory strictures.
Nos bastidores da paisagem
Authors: Sousa Antonio Eusebio de Sousa , Rocha Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Rocha , Dantas José Carlos Dantas , Reinaldo Thayssllorranny Batista Reinaldo , Oliveira Alexandra Maria de Oliveira , Feliciano Carlos Alberto Feliciano 
Published: June 2021

A expansão do capitalismo no campo brasileiro produz contradições que são inerentes à sua existência: ao mesmo tempo que gera riqueza e a concentra para garantir a sua reprodução, expropria e submete sujeitos que se opõem a sua lógica de desenvolvimento, produzindo e acentuando as desigualdades entre as classes sociais. O texto pretende descrever e refletir sobre a violência no campo gerada pelo desenvolvimento do capitalismo, que lacera a paisagem e a relação dos sujeitos com seus territórios, violando direitos individuais e coletivos, ao mesmo tempo que promove inúmeros conflitos territoriais. O trabalho foi elaborado através da sistematização de diálogos e registros fotográficos nos locais visitados (Cariri cearense, semiárido do Piauí e Cerrado tocantinense em janeiro de 2020), acompanhada de uma leitura crítica dos processos percebidos durante as visitas. Como resultado, identificamos elementos compostos dialeticamente na paisagem e no território e os classificamos em dois grupos: a) as paisagens do conflito territorial (a paisagem percebida concretamente) e as paisagens da resistência territorial do campesinato (a paisagem que materializa as práticas de resistência dos sujeitos).
Universidade, reforma agrária e agroecologia
Authors: Rodrigues de Macedo Francielle , Aparecida de Almeida Rosemeire 
Published: June 2021

A reforma agrária é a política pública que possibilita ao camponês sem-terra a possibilidade da reprodução social do grupo doméstico por meio da agricultura camponesa. Por sua vez, a agricultura camponesa é aquela que mais se aproxima da agroecologia porque suas práticas de sustentabilidade são inerentes ao modo de vida camponês que possui a terra como “morada da vida”, que é diferente da agricultura capitalista. Nesse sentido, a agroecologia é uma forma de preservação de um modo de vida ligado a uma economia camponesa cuja centro é a recriação da vida do grupo doméstico, não do lucro. O desafio neste estudo é apreender dinâmicas agroecológicas no assentamento 20 de Março, em Três Lagoas, considerando, especialmente, as dimensões fundamentais da agroecologia, a saber: prática/científica/movimento. Esses caminhos de estudo foram trilhados na busca de articulação da teoria com a empiria na forma de revisão teórica, uso de fontes orais e registros fotográficos. Esta pesquisa encontra sentido na compreensão de que o trabalho acadêmico é uma forma de contribuição para o fortalecimento da luta dos camponeses tanto para o acesso como permanência na terra de vida e trabalho. Entendemos ainda que a ativação do modo de vida camponês é a possibilidade de construção da agricultura camponesa agroecológica, aquela capaz de gerar alimentos sem criar problemas socioambientais. Portanto, devemos ouvir às histórias camponesas de recriação da vida para aprender princípios e caminhos agroecológicos.

Palavras-chave: Camponês. Universidade. Agroecologia. Práxis.
Segregación residencial, segregación escolar y vulnerabilidad por origen nacional
Authors: Lubián Graña Carlos 
Published: June 2021

El artículo analiza la relación entre segregación residencial y escolar por origen nacional en Granada. Se analizan los microdatos sobre la población de nacionalidad extranjera residente y escolarizada en la red de centros de primaria para el curso 2014- 2015. Finalmente se exponen, mediante sistemas de información geográfica (GIS), tres estudios de caso de centros de alta concentración teniendo en cuenta los datos de vulnerabilidad en el territorio.
Los resultados del análisis indican, primero, una segregación residencial y escolar alta en el municipio; segundo, que la segregación escolar es mayor que la residencial, lo cual demuestra que ésta última no explicaría el fenómeno en su conjunto; tercero, los estudios de caso analizados indican una propensión a la concentración de determinadas nacionalidades en determinados centros, no explicada por criterios de proximidad.
Household food security and diet quality with chronic energy deficiency among preconception women
Authors: Ramadhani Pradita Putri , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Kurniawati Dewi , Sandi Hartanti , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Rahadiyanti Ayu , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) that occurs at risk preconception women during pregnancy increased low birth weight (LBW) in infants. Household food security and diet quality are factors that cause CED. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between household food security and diet quality with CED preconception women.Materials and Methods: We used a cross-sectional study design. The subject of 70 preconception women aged 16-35 years registered in the religious affairs office in Sumowono and Pringapus Subdistrict were selected by consecutive sampling method. Weight and height were measured to assess body mass index to determine CED. Household food security was measured using the Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). Food intake data were obtained using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and DQI-I (Diet Quality Index-International) to measure diet quality. Bivariate analyses were tested using Rank Spearman and Pearson Product Moment.Results: The prevalence of subjects with CED risk was 48.6% and subjects with CED was 15.7%. 38.6% of subjects married at the age of 16-20 years, 75.1% of subjects had low household food security and 80% of subjects had low diet quality. There was no significant relationship between household food security and diet quality with CED, namely (p = 0.537) and (p = 0.711). The components of diet quality, namely variation, adequacy, moderation and balance also did not show a significant relationship with CED, respectively with p-value (p = 0.711), (p = 0.523), (p = 0.412), (p = 0.604 )Conclusions: There was no correlation between household food security and CED, also no correlation between diet quality and CED.