bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crinecerfont Lowers Elevated Hormone Markers in Adults With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Auchus Richard J , Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Fechner Patricia Y , Vogiatzi Maria G , Imel Erik A , Davis Shanlee M , Giri Nagdeep , Sturgeon Julia , Roberts Eiry , Chan Jean L , Farber Robert H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis and excess androgen production. Corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1R) antagonism may decrease adrenal androgen production.

Objective
This work aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of crinecerfont (NBI-74788), a selective CRF1R antagonist, in 21OHD.

Methods
This open-label, phase 2 study, with sequential cohort design (NCT03525886), took place in 6 centers in the United States. Participants included men and women, aged 18 to 50 years, with 21OHD. Interventions included 4 crinecerfont regimens, each administered orally for 14 consecutive days: 50 or 100 mg once daily at bedtime (cohorts 1 and 2, respectively); 100 mg once daily in the evening (cohort 3); and 100 mg twice daily (cohort 4). Participants could enroll in more than 1 cohort. Main outcomes included changes from baseline to day 14 in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), androstenedione, and testosterone.

Results
Eighteen participants (11 women, 7 men) were enrolled: cohort 1 (n = 8), cohort 2 (n = 7), cohort 3 (n = 8), cohort 4 (n = 8). Mean age was 31 years; 94% were White. Median percent reductions were more than 60% for ACTH (–66%), 17OHP (–64%), and androstenedione (–64%) with crinecerfont 100 mg twice a day. In female participants, 73% (8/11) had a 50% or greater reduction in testosterone levels; male participants had median 26% to 65% decreases in androstenedione/testosterone ratios.

Conclusion
Crinecerfont treatment for 14 days lowered ACTH and afforded clinically meaningful reductions of elevated 17OHP, androstenedione, testosterone (women), or androstenedione/testosterone ratio (men) in adults with 21OHD. Longer-term studies are required to evaluate the effects of crinecerfont on clinical end points of disordered steroidogenesis and glucocorticoid exposure in patients with 21OHD.
RememberingŎmŏni: Using Chinese Memoirs to Understand Sino-North Korean Interactions during the Korean War
Authors: Brazinsky Gregg A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article assesses the memoirs of Chinese volunteers as a source for better understanding social interactions between the Chinese and North Koreans during the Korean War. The hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers serving in Korea were an almost ubiquitous presence in wartime North Korea. Yet the relationship between the volunteers and North Korean civilians has not been the subject of many studies. Memoirs written by the volunteers are one of the few sources that document these interactions. Among the subjects the volunteers wrote about, their encounters with older North Koreans whom they called “mothers” or ŏmŏni were among the most prominent. While acknowledging the propagandistic intent behind some of these memoirs, the article argues that they do shed light on some of the emotional norms that shaped relations between North Korean women and the volunteers even if they cannot always be treated as completely reliable descriptions of events.
KisaengPerformers and the New Media in Colonial Korea
Authors: Choi Hye Eun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKisaeng, who had been hereditary female performers in pre-twentieth-century Korea, became modern professional performers during Korea’s colonial period (1910–45). Among them, some talented kisaeng attained high status in modern media as vocal performers, even while the general reputation of kisaeng steadily declined in the colonial period. These kisaeng performers who sought artistic success in the new media occupied two categories. One was yŏryu myŏngch’ang (female master vocalists), who excelled at Korean traditional music, and the other was kisaeng kasu (kisaeng singers), who specialized in modern popular music. Despite their shared social and cultural roots, these kisaeng performers have rarely been examined together in recent scholarship, which has tended to adhere to the disciplinary distinction between traditional and popular music. By examining the activities of yŏryu myŏngch’ang and kisaeng kasu in the same frame, this article demonstrates the ways in which both groups of kisaeng performers, rather than simply being transmitters of Chosŏn music culture, contributed to the modern diversification of music in colonial Korea. It further shows that these kisaeng, who were accomplished artistically, sought wealth and recognition as modern professionals in the colonial Korean music market.
Islam Out of History
Authors: Idris Murad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe definition of Islam as submission, the claim that Islam needs a Luther, and the desire to identify jihād with private and spiritual struggle, all reflect a series of compulsions and elisions. The three idioms are fundamental to how Islam has been constituted in language as a subject and as a problem. They each also have forgotten genealogies. This article outlines these genealogies and their intersection through the politics of translating Islam as submission, peace, or salvation; of narrating its place and temporality in modernity; and of reinterpreting historical texts and exemplars through the prism of liberalism and toleration. These three moves take Islam out of history. The dislocation of Islam winds through three disciplinary moments that track political theory’s investments in philology, teleology, and philosophy. The article concludes by pointing toward critical possibilities and resources that emerge out of alternative discursive formations—formations that dwell alongside or behind the three idioms and that remain suppressed in them.
Sheep condyle model evaluation of bone marrow cell concentrate combined with a scaffold for repair of large osteochondral defects
Authors: Tamaddon Maryam , Blunn Gordon , Xu Wei , Alemán Domínguez Maria Elena , Monzón Mario , Donaldson James , Skinner John , Arnett Timothy R. , Wang Ling , Liu Chaozong 
Published: October 2021

AimsMinimally manipulated cells, such as autologous bone marrow concentrates (BMC), have been investigated in orthopaedics as both a primary therapeutic and augmentation to existing restoration procedures. However, the efficacy of BMC in combination with tissue engineering is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the addition of BMC to an osteochondral scaffold is safe and can improve the repair of large osteochondral defects when compared to the scaffold alone.MethodsThe ovine femoral condyle model was used. Bone marrow was aspirated, concentrated, and used intraoperatively with a collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold to fill the osteochondral defects (n = 6). Tissue regeneration was then assessed versus the scaffold-only group (n = 6). Histological staining of cartilage with alcian blue and safranin-O, changes in chondrogenic gene expression, microCT, peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT), and force-plate gait analyses were performed. Lymph nodes and blood were analyzed for safety.ResultsThe results six months postoperatively showed that there were no significant differences in bone regrowth and mineral density between BMC-treated animals and controls. A significant upregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) for types I and II collagens in the BMC group was observed, but there were no differences in the formation of hyaline-like cartilage between the groups. A trend towards reduced sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) breakdown was detected in the BMC group but this was not statistically significant. Functional weightbearing was not affected by the inclusion of BMC.ConclusionOur results indicated that the addition of BMC to scaffold is safe and has some potentially beneficial effects on osteochondral-tissue regeneration, but not on the functional endpoint of orthopaedic interest. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):677–689.
Ultrasound-targeted simvastatin-loaded microbubble destruction promotes OA cartilage repair by modulating the cholesterol efflux pathway mediated by PPARγ in rabbits
Authors: Wang Xinwei , Wang Danbi , Xia Peng , Cheng Kai , Wang Qi , Wang Xiaoju , Lin Qiang , Song Jiulong , Chen Anliang , Li Xueping 
Published: October 2021

AimsTo evaluate the effect of ultrasound-targeted simvastatin-loaded microbubble destruction (UTMDSV) for alleviation of the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits through modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ).MethodsIn vitro, OA chondrocytes were treated with ultrasound (US), US-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), simvastatin (SV), and UTMDSVon alternate days for four weeks. Chondrocytes were also treated with PPARγ inhibitor, PPARγ inhibitor+ UTMDSV, and UTMDSV. The cholesterol efflux rate and triglyceride levels were measured using an assay kit and oil red O staining, respectively. In vivo, the OA rabbits were treated with a single intra-articular injection of UTMD, SV, and UTMDSVevery seven days for four weeks. Cartilage histopathology was assessed by safranin-O staining and the Mankin score. Total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in rabbit knee synovial fluid were detected by enzyme-marker assay. Aggrecan, collagen II, and PPARγ expression levels were analyzed by Western blotting (WB).ResultsIn vitro, UTMDSVsignificantly increased the cholesterol efflux rate and aggrecan, collagen II, and PPARγ levels in OA chondrocytes; these effects were blocked by the PPARγ inhibitor. In vivo, UTMDSVsignificantly increased aggrecan, collagen II, PPARγ, and HDL-C levels, while TC levels and Mankin scores were decreased compared with the UTMD, SV, OA, and control groups.ConclusionUTMDSVpromotes cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis by modulating the PPARγ-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway in OA rabbits. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):693–703.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism with aspirin following knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marrannes Stephanie , Victor Klaas , Arnout Nele , De Backer Tine , Victor Jan , Tampere Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication following orthopaedic surgery. The incidence of this complication has decreased substantially since the introduction of routine thromboprophylaxis. However, concerns have been raised about increased bleeding complications caused by aggressive thromboprophylaxis. Attention has grown for aspirin as a safer thromboprophylactic agent following orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review using MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of aspirin prophylaxis following knee surgery with the current standard prophylactic agents (low molecular weight heparin [LMWH], vitamin K antagonists and factor Xa inhibitors). No significant difference in effectiveness of VTE prevention was found between aspirin, LMWH and warfarin. Factor Xa inhibitors were more effective, but increased bleeding complications were reported. As evidence is limited and of low quality with substantial heterogeneity, further research with high-quality, adequately powered trials is needed.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:892-904. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200120
Quantum-illumination-inspired active single-pixel imaging with structured illumination
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Ye Zhiyuan , Wang Hai-Bo , Xiong Jun 
Published: October 2021

Quantum-illumination-inspired single-pixel imaging (QII-SPI) or computational ghost imaging protocol is proposed to improve image quality in the presence of strong background and stray light. According to the reversibility of the optical path, a digital micro-mirror device acts as a structured light modulator and a spatial light filter simultaneously, which can effectively eliminate 50% of stray light. Accompanied by a 6 dB gain of detection signal-to-noise ratio under an equivalent loss condition, our scheme only requires a simple and minor modification on the placement of the single-pixel detector based on the original SPI system. Since QII-SPI will obtain almost the same reconstruction results as the passive SPI technology in principle, one can, therefore, adjust the placement position of the detector, without exchanging the relative position of the detector and the light source to realize the flexible conversion of the SPI system from active to passive. Also, this work initially discusses the influence of relative coherence time on Hadamard-based SPI driven by a thermal source. This work brings new insights into the optical path design of the SPI technology, paving the way for the practical application of active SPI in stray light environments.
100  Gb/s dynamically programmable SDN-enabled hardware encryptor for optical networks
Authors: Arabul Ekin , Tessinari Rodrigo Stange , Alia Obada , Oliveira Romerson , Kanellos George T. , Nejabati Reza , Simeonidou Dimitra 
Published: October 2021

We have successfully demonstrated an on-demand programmable hardware encryptor for optical networks enabled by the software-defined network (SDN) and tested its application in a quantum key distribution (QKD) use case. We believe our proposed encryptor is unique in the way that it combines on-demand programmable encryption algorithms with a 100G Ethernet network interface to provide a high-transmission capacity with flexible security. We have successfully formed an on-demand encryption library consisting of AES-256, AES-192, AES-128, Camellia-256, XOR, and no-encryption configurations. Our system has shown a network throughput of 91.3 Gb/s for AES variations and 90.2 Gb/s for Camellia-256, while theoretical encryption throughputs were 160 Gb/s. In addition, the goodputs of all the encryption schemes were measured as at least 90.4 Gb/s. For a faster reconfiguration of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA), partial reconfiguration technology has been used, and reconfiguration times of 2.6 s for encryption and 2 s for decryption have been achieved. The FPGA configuration rate was 3.35 MB/s. When our proposed design was tested in a QKD use case with 256-bit keys, the highest achieved key consumption rate was 27 keys/s, which corresponded to the minimum granularity of 474 MB per key. Thus, with a 256-bit key, up to a 6912 b/s key consumption rate was achieved. In addition, the encryptor’s end-to-end network latency has been tested using 300k standard Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) pings. For all encryption schemes, the latency was measured as

0.093

m
s

±

0.028

m
s

on average, but the encryption/decryption processes did not have a meaningful latency impact with microsecond precision.
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Use Is Associated With Reduced Pancreatitis Hospitalizations in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ramsey Mitchell L. , Gokun Yevgeniya , Sobotka Lindsay A. , Wellner Michael R. , Porter Kyle , Kirkby Stephen E. , Li Susan S. , Papachristou Georgios I. , Krishna Somashekar G. , Stanich Peter P. , Hart Phil A. , Conwell Darwin L. , Lara Luis F. 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) occurs among patients with pancreas-sufficient cystic fibrosis (PS-CF) but is reportedly less common among patients with pancreas-insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI-CF). The incidence of AP may be influenced by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator use. We hypothesized that CFTR modulators would reduce AP hospitalizations, with the greatest benefit in PS-CF.

Methods:
MarketScan (2012–2018) was queried for AP hospitalizations and CFTR modulator use among patients with CF. Multivariable Poisson models that enabled crossover between CFTR modulator treatment groups were used to analyze the rate of AP hospitalizations on and off therapy. Pancreas insufficiency was defined by the use of pancreas enzyme replacement therapy.

Results:
A total of 10,417 patients with CF were identified, including 1,795 who received a CFTR modulator. AP was more common in PS-CF than PI-CF (2.9% vs 0.9%, P = 0.007). Overall, the observed rate ratio of AP during CFTR modulator use was 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 1.11, P = 0.07) for PS-CF and 0.38 (95% CI 0.16, 0.89, P = 0.03) for PI-CF, indicating a 67% and 62% relative reduction in AP hospitalizations, respectively. In a subset analysis of 1,795 patients who all had some CFTR modulator use, the rate ratio of AP during CFTR modulator use was 0.36 (95% CI 0.13, 1.01, P = 0.05) for PS-CF and 0.53 (95% CI 0.18, 1.58, P = 0.26) for PI-CF.

DISCUSSION:
CFTR modulator use is associated with a reduction in AP hospitalizations among patients with CF. These observational data support the prospective study of CFTR modulators to reduce AP hospitalizations among patients with CF.
Classifying Esophageal Motility by FLIP Panometry: A Study of 722 Subjects With Manometry
Authors: Carlson Dustin A. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Khan Abraham , Yadlapati Rena , Chen Joan , Chokshi Reena V. , Clarke John O. , Garza Jose M. , Jain Anand S. , Katz Philip , Konda Vani , Lynch Kristle , Schnoll-Sussman Felice H. , Spechler Stuart J. , Vela Marcelo F. , Prescott Jacqueline E. , Baumann Alexandra J. , Donnan Erica N. , Kou Wenjun , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry can evaluate esophageal motility in response to sustained esophageal distension at the time of sedated endoscopy. This study aimed to describe a classification of esophageal motility using FLIP panometry and evaluate it against high-resolution manometry (HRM) and Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0).

METHODS:
Five hundred thirty-nine adult patients who completed FLIP and HRM with a conclusive CCv4.0 diagnosis were included in the primary analysis. Thirty-five asymptomatic volunteers (“controls”) and 148 patients with an inconclusive CCv4.0 diagnosis or systemic sclerosis were also described. Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and the contractile response (CR) to distension (i.e., secondary peristalsis) were evaluated with a 16-cm FLIP during sedated endoscopy and analyzed using a customized software program. HRM was classified according to CCv4.0.

RESULTS:
In the primary analysis, 156 patients (29%) had normal motility on FLIP panometry, defined by normal EGJ opening and a normal or borderline CR; 95% of these patients had normal motility or ineffective esophageal motility on HRM. Two hundred two patients (37%) had obstruction with weak CR, defined as reduced EGJ opening and absent CR or impaired/disordered CR, on FLIP panometry; 92% of these patients had a disorder of EGJ outflow per CCv4.0.

DISCUSSION:
Classifying esophageal motility in response to sustained distension with FLIP panometry parallels the swallow-associated motility evaluation provided with HRM and CCv4.0. Thus, FLIP panometry serves as a well-tolerated method that can complement, or in some cases be an alternative to HRM, for evaluating esophageal motility disorders.
Spatially Adjacent Regions in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Familiar Faces at Different Levels of Complexity
Authors: Afzalian Neda , Rajimehr Reza 
Published: October 2021

Extensive research has shown that perceptual information of faces is processed in a network of hierarchically-organized areas within ventral temporal cortex. For familiar and famous faces, perceptual processing of faces is normally accompanied by extraction of semantic knowledge about the social status of persons. Semantic processing of familiar faces could entail progressive stages of information abstraction. However, the cortical mechanisms supporting multistage processing of familiar faces have not been characterized. Here, using an event-related fMRI experiment, familiar faces from four celebrity groups (actors, singers, politicians, and football players) and unfamiliar faces were presented to the human subjects (both males and females) while they were engaged in a face categorization task. We systematically explored the cortical representations for faces, familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and familiar face identities using whole-brain univariate analysis, searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and functional connectivity analysis. Convergent evidence from all these analyses revealed a set of overlapping regions within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that contained decodable fMRI responses for representing different levels of semantic knowledge about familiar faces. Our results suggest a multistage pathway in PCC for processing semantic information of faces, analogous to the multistage pathway in ventral temporal cortex for processing perceptual information of faces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecognizing familiar faces is an important component of social communications. Previous research has shown that a distributed network of brain areas is involved in processing the semantic information of familiar faces. However, it is not clear how different levels of semantic information are represented in the brain. Here, we evaluated the multivariate response patterns across the entire cortex to discover the areas that contain information for familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and identities of familiar faces. The searchlight maps revealed that different levels of semantic information are represented in topographically adjacent areas within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The results suggest that semantic processing of faces is mediated through progressive stages of information abstraction in PCC.