bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lying down looking down test
Authors: Rajput Vimal K , Bhalsing Shweta , Bhalsing Snehal , Raut Pritish 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to evaluate an OPD-based Lying down looking down (LDLD) test for the assessment of patient suitability for assisted topical anesthesia (ATA) during manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), and to compare it with assisted local anesthesia (ALA).

Methods:
The LDLD test was carried out during preoperative assessment of 250 consecutive patients. A standard LED torch was shined in patient's eye after pupil dilation, with the patient in lying down position, while simultaneously elevating the upper eyelid digitally. A positive test was indicated by the ability to maintain downward gaze and the lack of squeezing of eyes or withdrawal. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association between LDLD results and suitability for ATA. The positive predictive value and specificity of the test as an indicator of patient suitability for ATA were calculated. Complications (intra- and post-operative) and postoperative inflammation at day 1 and week 6 were compared between the ATA and ALA groups.

Results:
A total of 250 patients were included in the study, 138 in ALA group and 112 in ATA group. There were 109 males (43.6%) and 141 females (56.4%). Around 7.4% of LDLD- positive patients were converted to ALA during the surgery. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests demonstrated a significant association of a positive LDLD test with successful ATA (P value 0.002). The positive predictive value and specificity of the test were 92.56% (95% CI86.87-95.9%) and 93.48% (95% CI87.98-96.97%), respectively. Intraoperative complications were similar in both the groups. Congestion and visually significant corneal edema were significantly less in ATA group.

Conclusion:
The LDLD is a simple, highly specific, OPD-based test to determine patient suitability for MSICS under ATA
Role of neuroimaging in cases of primary and secondary hemifacial spasm
Authors: Banerjee Prabrisha , Alam Md. Shahid , Koka Kirthi , Pherwani Ruchi , Noronha Olma Veena , Mukherjee Bipasha 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to analyze the role of neuroimaging and documenting various intracranial pathologies in primary and secondary hemifacial spasm.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with HFS who had undergone neuroimaging. The demographic profile, onset, progression, neuroimaging findings, and types of HFS were documented and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 202 patients (male = 110, female = 92) were included. The mean age of the study population was 51.81 ± 11.76 years. The right side was involved in 104 patients, the left side was involved in 97 patients and bilateral involvement was observed in one patient. Primary HFS: secondary HFS was 9.6:1. The mean age of onset of the spasms in the primary HFS group was 49.26 ± 8.35 years and in secondary HFS was 43.13 ± 12.12 years respectively. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery was the major vessel causing neurovascular conflict in primary HFS (n = 55). Facial nerve palsy was the most common cause (n = 13) of secondary HFS followed by cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors.

Conclusion:
The hemifacial spasm occurs mostly in the fifth decade of life. Primary HFS is more prevalent than secondary HFS. Clinical distinction between them is difficult. Neuroimaging is essential to detect the conflicting vasculature in cases of primary HFS and pathologies like CPA tumor, cyst, and aneurysms in cases of secondary HFS.
Intravitreal moxifloxacin injections in acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , Nagpal Manisha 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal moxifloxacin injections in the treatment of acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis with visual acuity equal to or greater than hand movements.

Methods:
Fifty two patients with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis who presented within 6 weeks with visual acuity equal to or greater than hand movements received two intravitreal moxifloxacin injections 48 h apart. Patients with prior history of ocular disease or treatment were excluded. Patients were followed up to 3 months either for resolution of endophthalmitis or worsening of disease. Number of patients who achieved visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 and 20/200 at the third-month follow-up visit were compared with the number of patients at presentation, using Chi-square test. In addition, pretreatment LogMAR visual acuity at the time of presentation was compared with posttreatment visual acuity at end of third month using paired t test.

Results:
Fifty (96.15%) patients showed complete resolution of endophthalmitis while three patients required vitrectomy. Forty-one (78.85%) and 49 (94.23%) patients achieved visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 and 20/200, respectively, at the third-month follow-up visit as compared to eight (15.38%) and 13 (25%) patients, respectively, at presentation (P < 0.05). In addition, mean LogMAR visual acuity at the time of presentation was 0.755 which improved to 0.307 at the third-month follow-up visit (P < 0.05). None of the patients developed hypersensitivity reactions to intravitreal moxifloxacin.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal moxifloxacin injections showed promising results in acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.
Evaluation of the effect of shift cycle time on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Heydari Farhad , Eghdami Kourosh , Zamani Majid , Golshani Keihan , Masoumi Babak 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Considering the potential role of shift cycle time on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the available contradictory results in this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1-min versus 2-min shift cycle time on the quality of CPR.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized crossover study, 80 rescuers performed CPR on a manikin in two scenarios with a rotation of 1 and 2-min cycles. The quality of CPR was evaluated and compared based on the information obtained regarding the chest compression depth, recoil, and rate of chest compression. In addition, rescuer fatigue was recorded in 1-min versus 2-min shift cycles.

Results:
In the 1-min group, the number of chest compressions per minute, complete recoil, and good rate with the mean of 114.89 ± 3.62, 54.34 ± 3.86, and 76.06 ± 8.00 were significantly higher than those of the 2-min group with the mean of 113.78 ± 4.94, 53.49 ± 5.27, and 73.98 ± 7.87 (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the quality of CPR provided by males was significantly higher than females in both groups. The score of rescuer fatigue was higher in the 2-min group as compared with the 1-min group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, the difference in the quality of CPR in terms of the number of chest compressions, complete recoil, and good rate was higher in the 1-min group as compared with the 2-min group. In addition, the quality of CPR in terms of chest compression depth and number in both 1-and 2-min rotation cycles was higher for male rescuers than females. Furthermore, rescuer fatigue was higher in the 2-min group as compared with the 1-min group. The mentioned finding may be a factor in reducing, albeit slightly, the quality of CPR in the group with a longer time.
Spectrality of Moran Sierpinski-type measures on
Authors: Zhang Min-Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet
$M=$
diag
$(\rho _1,\rho _2)\in M_{2}({\mathbb R})$
be an expanding matrix and Let
$\{D_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$
be a sequence of digit sets with
$D_n=\left \{(0, 0)^T,\,\,\,(a_n, 0 )^T, \,\,\, (0, b_n )^T \right \}$
, where
$a_n, b_n\in \{-1,1\}$
. The associated Borel probability measure
$$ \begin{align*} \mu_{M,\{D_n\}}:=\delta_{M^{-1}D_1}\ast \delta_{M^{-2}D_2}\ast \delta_{M^{-3}D_3}\ast \cdots \end{align*} $$
is called a Moran Sierpinski-type measure. In this paper, we show that
$\mu _{M, \{D_n\}}$
is a spectral measure if and only if
$3\mid \rho _i$
for each
$i=1, 2$
. The special case is the Sierpinski-type measure with
$a_n=b_n=1$
for all
$n\in {\mathbb N}$
, which is proved by Dai et al. [Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2019.12.001].
The Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions at La Palma Is.: all seven Canary Islands (Spain) harbour these scripts
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Suárez-Trujillo Fabio , Ruiz-del-Valle Valentín , López-Nares Adrián , Pais-Pais Felipe Jorge 
Published: January 2021

Rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions have been found in all Canary Islands including La Palma: they consist of incise (with few exceptions) lineal scripts which have been done by using the Iberian semi-syllabary that was used in Iberia and France during the 1st millennium BC until few centuries AD .This confirms First Canarian Inhabitants navigation among Islands. In this paper we analyze three of these rock inscriptions found in westernmost La Palma Island: hypotheses of transcription and translation show that they are short funerary and religious text, like of those found widespread through easternmost Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and also Tenerife Islands. They frequently name “Aka” (dead), “Ama” (mother godness) and “Bake” (peace), and methodology is mostly based in phonology and semantics similarities between Basque language and prehistoric Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary transcriptions. These Iberian-Guanche scripts are widespread in La Palma usually together with spiral and circular typical Atlantic motifs which are similar to these of Megalithic British Isles, Brittany (France) and Western Iberia. Sometimes linear incise Iberian-Guanche inscriptions are above the circular ones (more recent) but they are also found underneath (less recent). The idea that this prehistoric Iberian semi-syllabary was originated in Africa and/or Canary Islands is not discarded. It is discussed in the frame of Saharian people migration to Mediterranean, Atlantic (i.e.: Canary Islands) and other areas, when hyperarid climate rapidly established. On the other hand, an Atlantic gene and possibly linguistic and cultural pool is shared among people from British Isles, Brittany (France), Iberia (Spain, Portugal), North Africa and Canary Islands.
Keywords: La Palma, Iberian-Guanche, Latin, Inscriptions, Iberian, Celts, Sahara, Africa, Garafia, Santo Domingo, Canary Islands, Lybic British, Brittons, Basque, Irish, Lybic Canarian, Palmeses, Benahoaritas, Awaritas, Tricias, Prehistory, Guache, Tartessian.
Unequal yoke: The paradox of religious slavery
Authors: Chineyemba Lydia Isioma 
Published: January 2021

Slavery is a historical reality of most societies in Africa. Lately, there has been an outcry on the resurgence of slavery with modern trends that include religious slavery which has become the fad of many clergies, who utilize their privileged positions, capitalizing on the gullibility and desperation of members to exploit them in the bourgeoisie/proletariat form of relationship. Ironically, Christianity is a redemptive tool for the emancipation of mankind, yet, it has been used to entrap adherents in the bondage it purports to liberate from. Studies have paid greater attention to other forms of modern slavery, like child trafficking, forced labour, and forced marriage, but the paradox of religious slavery in Nigeria is a dialectical contradiction that requires anthropological inquiry. This paper examined the role of the clergy in perpetuating slavery to uncover the motive(s) underlying the act and its implications for society. Marxist's perspectives on religion and fetishism of commodity, elaborated by Taussig (1980) provide theoretical explanations. The study revealed that pastors use intimidating prophecies and scaring messages to enslave adherents to obtain material/financial benefits from them. It poises that such engagement negates societal expectations of pastors as advocates of morality and custodians of trust and urge them to desist from it.
Keywords: Religion, Slavery, Dialectics, Paradox, Clergy.
Effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf as binder in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings
Authors: Oke Israel Opeyemi , Adeparusi Eunice Oluwayemisi , Dada Adekunle Ayokanmi 
Published: January 2021

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf as a binder in fish feed. Six iso-nitrogenous diets containing 35% crude protein was formulated and pelleted. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the thickness strength (mm), hardness (mm) and water stability (%) of the diets. Diet MWH had the highest water stability (89.26±0.12%) and the lowest was diet MAH (83.53±0.05). diet MAH had the highest water absorption index of 1.70±0.00 and the lowest was diet MWH with 0.74±0.01. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sinking rate (cmsec-1), and bulk density (gcm-3) of diets. Protein retention ranged from 91.07 % (WHH) to 95.83 % (MAI), lipid retention was between 90.87% in MWH and 94.74 %. Friability was highest in diet MWH (0.88±0.00 %) and the least was MAI (0.68±0.00 %). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the FCR, FER, mean feed intake and percentage survival of fish fed experimental diets. There were significant differences (P>0.05) in the crude protein, fat, and ash contents of experimental fish after the feeding trial. Fish fed diet WHH had the highest whole body crude protein content (50.98±0.06) and the least fat content (16.75±0.51). The result shows that H. rosa-sinensis leaf can be used as binders.
Keywords: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Binder, physical properties, growth parameters
Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Wastewater Microbiota in Nigeria
Authors: Bala J.D , Kuta F. A , Adabara N.U , Abioye O.P , Auta H.S , Gumel S. 
Published: January 2021

Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters.
Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewater
Climate-smart agricultural practice usage and profitability of dry season leafy vegetable farmers in some selected LGAs in Kwara State
Authors: Olagherea Ivie L. , Osasona Kehinde K. , Issa Latifah J. 
Published: January 2021

This paper sought to assess the CSAP used among dry season leafy vegetable farmers, estimate the profitability, and identifythe constraints faced in the usage of CSAP. Data were collected from 120 randomly selected farmers. Descriptive statistics,net profit analysis, and Likert-type scale were used for data analyses. Crop rotation was the most prevalent practice while,terracing was the least used. The farmers spent almost half of their gross receipts from leafy vegetable production asoperating expenses while yet still guaranteed to get 83 kobo on every one naira invested. The absence of conservative watermanagement practices was the most severe constraint among the farmers. The study concluded that all the respondents usedat least one CSAP and leafy vegetable production was profitable. It was recommended that the usage of CSAP could beincreased among the farmers by motivating farmer trainers to train more groups and support the farmers with improvedseeds and other necessary resources.
Keywords: climate change, constraints, leafy vegetables, mitigation strategies, return to capital invested
Effect of fillers on mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition
Authors: Idowu Ibiyemi A. , Ilori Olutosin O. 
Published: January 2021

The study examined the effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of the recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition with a view of managing the generation and disposal of plastic wastes. Discarded pure water sachets and fillers (glass and talc) were sourced and recycled. Recycled low density polyethylene (RLDPE) and preparation of RLDPE/glass, RLDPE/talc and RLDPE/glass/talc composites were carried out using a furnace at compositions of 0 – 40% in steps of 10% by weight. The mixtures were poured into hand-laid mould. The samples produced were exposed to sunlight for eight (8) weeks and their mechanical properties were studied. The results of mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength decreased with increasing filler loading while impact strength and hardness property increased marginally and considerably with increasing filler loading for all the composites respectively. The study concluded that glass and talc were able to reinforce recycled low density polyethylene under weathered condition.
Keywords: Recycled Low Density Polyethylene (RLDPE); Fillers; Glass, Talc; Weathering condition; Sunlight; and Mechanical properties; Tensile strength, Impact and hardness
Heavy metal residue in some vegetables and potential health risk assessment among consumers within Katsina North Western Nigeria
Authors: Usman L.U , Yerima R. 
Published: January 2021

Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metal is one of the main ways in which these elements enter the human body. Once entered, heavy metals are deposited in bone and fat tissues, overlapping noble minerals. Slowly released into the body, heavy metals can cause an array of diseases. This study aimed to assess the heavy metals residues in some vegetables and potential health risk among consumers within Katsina Metropolis. Six different vegetable samples comprising of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), red pepper (Piper nigrum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus) were randomly collected from two main irrigation farmland located in Katsina Metropolis (Kofar sauri and Kofar marusa). Their level of toxic metals namely (Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, Chromium and Lead) were assessed using standard materials and methods. Results obtained were used to estimate the health risk of these heavy metals via consumption of the vegetable samples. The results from the study showed that the mean heavy metal concentration ranged between 1.10±0.00 mg/kg to 4.45±0.16 mg/kg, 1.78±0.07 mg/kg to 4.9±0.11 mg/kg, 0.02±0.00 mg/kg to 1.28±0.02 mg/kg, 1.51±0.02 mg/kg to 4.34±0.02 mg/kg and 1.05±0.01 mg/kg to 2.86±0.02 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb respectively. The concentration of Cu and Zn were found to be below permissible limit while Cd, Cr and Pb concentration exceeded the permissible limit recommended by WHO/FAO. Health risks associated with the intake of these metals were evaluated in terms of estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). EDI value of Cu and Zn were found to be below the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). The HQ of all the metals were >1, suggesting health hazards risk for the population. Moreover, HQ of Cd and Pb were greatly higher through consumption of cucumber, cabbage, lettuce and red pepper indicating significant health risks. HI was found to be higher >1 (3.32 mg/kg and 3.91 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of spinach; however, it was much higher >1 (10.49 mg/kg and 12.4 mg/kg) in adult and children respectively for consumption of cabbage, suggesting more adverse health effects from cabbage consumption than spinach. The findings of this study shows the health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of some the selected vegetables within Katsina Metropolis, therefore, there is need for biomonitoring of these heavy metals in the vegetable because these are some of the main sources of food for humans in many parts of the world.
Keywords: Heavy metal, Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, Consumption
Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria in dogs in Kaduna and Zaria metropolises, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Authors: Oluyinka Fasanya , Kabir O.A , Natala A. J 
Published: January 2021

Dirofilaria is the parasite known to cause filariasis in animals and humans transmitted by mosquitoes. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of dirofilaria dogs attending government based Veterinary clinics and at slaughters in Kaduna metropolis and Zaria. The diagnosis was based on the use of the Knotts techniques. Blood was collected from 30 animals each from 6 government based veterinary clinics and 45 each from 2 slaughter slabs in Kaduna metropolis and 90 from 1 slaughter slab in Zaria giving a total of 360 animals sampled from the period of October 2016- April 2017. At each collection unit, the animals were selected using systemic random sampling and the blood samples were examined using the Knotts technique. The results revealed a prevalence of 1.1% (4/360) dogs positive for blood dirofilaria parasite. This report on the status of dirofilaria infection in dogs in Kaduna and Zaria metropolis, Kaduna state suggests that dogs there is a decline in the incidence of the disease among dogs in the state.
Key words: Seroprevalence, Dirofilaria, dogs, metropolis
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Diarrhoeal Diseases among Under Five Years Old Children in Rwanda
Authors: Gasurira Sylvestre , Bikorimana Emmanuel , Niyitegeka Charité , Nyandwi Theogene 
Published: January 2021

Background
Diarrhoeal disease is a worldwide public health issue and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years old. Low and middle income countries (LMIC) of Africa and part of Asia are more affected by diarrhoeal diseases.
Objectives
To measure the prevalence of Diarrhoeal Diseases and to assess Socio-demographic determinants among Under Five Years Old Children in Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was used. Secondary data analysis was carried out on a sample of 7474 drawn from Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). RDHS used multistage sampling technique.
Results
After running multiple logistic regression, Sociodemographic determinants associated with diarrhoeal included age of children, wealth index category, mother education, husband/partner education, types of place of residence (P-Value<0.05).
Conclusion
The results of the study showed that diarrhoeal remains an important health issue in Rwanda. Occurrence of diarrhoeal was statistically associated with child age, wealth index, education of parents, types of place of residence.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):328-341