bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Extended Rheological Map of Pāhoehoe—‘A‘ā Transition
Authors: Di Fiore F. , Vona A. , Kolzenburg S. , Mollo S. , Romano C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā morphological transition involves a change in the rheological response of the magmatic suspension from pure viscous to complex rheological behavior, resulting in the development of tear‐apart features. Here, we present a suite of concentric cylinder experiments aimed at studying the effects of cooling and shear rates on the rheology of a phonotephrite melt in response to crystallization. Experiments were conducted at: (a) isothermal subliquidus temperatures of 1,167–1,189°C and shear rates of 1–3 s−1; (b) constant cooling rates of 1–10°C/min and shear rates of 1–20 s−1. We defined the viscosity‐temperature‐time window of lava solidification, as well as the transition from coherent flow to shear localization and physical separation (i.e., viscous rupture). Through this approach, we mapped the processes and timescales affecting pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā transition in natural lavas at variable cooling and shear rates. Under disequilibrium conditions, as the cooling rate increases, both crystallization onset and viscous rupture occur at lower temperature and earlier in time. Moreover, the time to reach the crystallization onset and viscous rupture also decreases with increasing shear rate. Both increasing cooling and shear rate reduces the critical crystallinity required for viscous rupture, a consequence of the non‐linear interplay between temperature, crystallization kinetics, and melt viscosity. This outcome expands our knowledge on compositional, thermal, and rheological changes in phonotephritic systems. In addition to shear rate and apparent viscosity, comparison with previous measurements on basaltic systems indicates that the pāhoehoe—‘a‘ā transition is sensitive to the composition and cooling path of lavas.
Dynamics of Episodic Magma Injection and Migration at Yellowstone Caldera: Revisiting the 2004–2009 Episode of Caldera Uplift With InSAR and GPS Data
Authors: Delgado Francisco , Grandin Raphaël 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 2004–2009 caldera uplift is the largest instrumentally recorded episode of unrest at Yellowstone caldera. We use GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series spanning 2004–2015, with a focus in the aforementioned event to understand the mechanisms of unrest. InSAR data recorded ∼25 and ∼20 cm of uplift at the Sour Creek (SCD) and Mallard Lake (MLD) resurgent domes during 2004–2009, and ∼8 cm of subsidence at the Norris Geyser Basin (NGB) during 2004–2008. The SCD/MLD uplift was followed by subsidence across the caldera floor with a maximum at MLD of ∼1.5–2.5 cm/yr, and no deformation at NGB. The best‐fit source models for the 2004–2009 period are two horizontal sills at depths of ∼8.7 and 10.6 km for the caldera source and NGB, respectively, with volume changes of 0.354 and −0.121 km3, and an overpressure of ∼0.1 MPa. The InSAR and GPS time series record exponentially increasing followed by exponentially decreasing uplift between 2004 and 2009, which is indicative of magma injection into the caldera reservoir, with no need for other mechanisms of unrest. However, magma extraction from NGB to the caldera is unable to explain the subsidence coeval with the caldera uplift. Models of magma injection can also explain other episodes of caldera uplift like that in 2014–2015. Distributed sill opening models show that magma is stored across the caldera source with no clear boundary between MLD and SCD. Since the magma overpressure is orders of magnitude below the tensile strength of the encasing rock, historical episodes of unrest like these are very unlikely to trigger an eruption.
Plain Language Summaries to be Required for Submission to Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Authors: Attal Mikael , East Amy E. , Finnegan Noah J. , Hoitink A. J. F. (Ton) , Sergienko Olga V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractManuscripts submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface will require a Plain Language Summary beginning in July 2021.
Diabetes and COVID19: a bidirectional relationship
Authors: Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Misra Anoop 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe advent and rapid spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19) pandemic across the world has focused attention on the relationship of commonly occurring comorbidities such as diabetes on the course and outcomes of this infection. While diabetes does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of COVID19 infection per se, it has been clearly demonstrated that the presence of hyperglycemia of any degree predisposes to worse outcomes, such as more severe respiratory involvement, ICU admissions, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. Further, COVID19 infection has been associated with the development of new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes, and worsening of glycemic control in pre-existing diabetes, due to direct pancreatic damage by the virus, body’s stress response to infection (including cytokine storm) and use of diabetogenic drugs such as corticosteroids in the treatment of severe COVID19. In addition, public health measures taken to flatten the pandemic curve (such as lockdowns) can also adversely impact persons with diabetes by limiting their access to clinical care, healthy diet, and opportunities to exercise. Most antidiabetic medications can continue to be used in patients with mild COVID19 but switching over to insulin is preferred in severe disease.
Serum BCMA levels predict outcomes in MGUS and smoldering myeloma patients
Authors: Visram A. , Soof C. , Rajkumar S. V. , Kumar S. K. , Bujarski S. , Spektor T. M. , Kyle R. A. , Berenson J. R. , Dispenzieri A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoluble BCMA (sBCMA) levels are elevated in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). However, the association between sBCMA levels and prognosis in MGUS and SMM has not been studied. We retrospectively analyzed sBCMA levels in stored samples from 99 MGUS and 184 SMM patients. Baseline sBCMA levels were significantly higher in MGUS and SMM patients progressing to MM during clinical follow up. When stratified according to the median baseline sBCMA level for each cohort, higher levels were associated with a shorter PFS for MGUS (HR 3.44 comparing sBCMA ≥77 vs <77 ng/mL [95% CI 2.07–5.73, p < 0.001] and SMM (HR 2.0 comparing sBCMA ≥128 vs <128 ng/mL, 95% 1.45–2.76, p < 0.001) patients. The effect of sBCMA on PFS was similar even after adjusting for the baseline MGUS or SMM risk stratification. We evaluated paired serum samples and found that sBCMA increased significantly in MGUS and SMM patients who eventually progressed to MM, whereas among MGUS non-progressors the sBCMA level remained stable. While our results require independent validation, they suggest that sBCMA may be a useful biomarker to identify MGUS and SMM patients at increased risk of progression to MM independent of the established risk models.
Inverse and reciprocal regulation of p53/p21 and Bmi-1 modulates vasculogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Zhang Zhaocheng , Oh Min , Sasaki Jun-Ichi , Nör Jacques E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are capable of differentiating into vascular endothelial cells. Although the capacity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce endothelial differentiation of stem cells is well established, mechanisms that maintain stemness and prevent vasculogenic differentiation remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that p53 signaling through p21 and Bmi-1 maintains stemness and inhibits vasculogenic differentiation. To address this hypothesis, we used primary human DPSC from permanent teeth and Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous (SHED) teeth as models of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells. DPSC seeded in biodegradable scaffolds and transplanted into immunodeficient mice generated mature human blood vessels invested with smooth muscle actin-positive mural cells. Knockdown of p53 was sufficient to induce vasculogenic differentiation of DPSC (without vasculogenic differentiation medium containing VEGF), as shown by increased expression of endothelial markers (VEGFR2, Tie-2, CD31, VE-cadherin), increased capillary sprouting in vitro; and increased DPSC-derived blood vessel density in vivo. Conversely, induction of p53 expression with small molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 binding (MI-773, APG-115) was sufficient to inhibit VEGF-induced vasculogenic differentiation. Considering that p21 is a major downstream effector of p53, we knocked down p21 in DPSC and observed an increase in capillary sprouting that mimicked results observed when p53 was knocked down. Stabilization of ubiquitin activity was sufficient to induce p53 and p21 expression and reduce capillary sprouting. Interestingly, we observed an inverse and reciprocal correlation between p53/p21 and the expression of Bmi-1, a major regulator of stem cell self-renewal. Further, direct inhibition of Bmi-1 with PTC-209 resulted in blockade of capillary-like sprout formation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that p53/p21 functions through Bmi-1 to prevent the vasculogenic differentiation of DPSC.
The architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome inside virion
Authors: Cao Changchang , Cai Zhaokui , Xiao Xia , Rao Jian , Chen Juan , Hu Naijing , Yang Minnan , Xing Xiaorui , Wang Yongle , Li Manman , Zhou Bing , Wang Xiangxi , Wang Jianwei , Xue Yuanchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 carries the largest single-stranded RNA genome and is the causal pathogen of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. How the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome is folded in the virion remains unknown. To fill the knowledge gap and facilitate structure-based drug development, we develop a virion RNA in situ conformation sequencing technology, named vRIC-seq, for probing viral RNA genome structure unbiasedly. Using vRIC-seq data, we reconstruct the tertiary structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and reveal a surprisingly “unentangled globule” conformation. We uncover many long-range duplexes and higher-order junctions, both of which are under purifying selections and contribute to the sequential package of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Unexpectedly, the D614G and the other two accompanying mutations may remodel duplexes into more stable forms. Lastly, the structure-guided design of potent small interfering RNAs can obliterate the SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Overall, our work provides a framework for studying the genome structure, function, and dynamics of emerging deadly RNA viruses.
Enantio-sensitive unidirectional light bending
Authors: Ayuso David , Ordonez Andres F. , Decleva Piero , Ivanov Misha , Smirnova Olga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStructured light, which exhibits nontrivial intensity, phase, and polarization patterns in space, has key applications ranging from imaging and 3D micromanipulation to classical and quantum communication. However, to date, its application to molecular chirality has been limited by the weakness of magnetic interactions. Here we structure light’s local handedness in space to introduce and realize an enantio-sensitive interferometer for efficient chiral recognition without magnetic interactions, which can be seen as an enantio-sensitive version of Young’s double slit experiment. Upon interaction with isotropic chiral media, such chirality-structured light effectively creates chiral emitters of opposite handedness, located at different positions in space. We show that if the distribution of light’s handedness breaks left-right symmetry, the interference of these chiral emitters leads to unidirectional bending of the emitted light, in opposite directions in media of opposite handedness, even if the number of the left-handed and right-handed emitters excited in the medium is exactly the same. Our work introduces the concepts of polarization of chirality and chirality-polarized light, exposes the immense potential of sculpting light’s local chirality, and offers novel opportunities for efficient chiral discrimination, enantio-sensitive optical molecular fingerprinting and imaging on ultrafast time scales.
Sunda arc mantle source δ18O value revealed by intracrystal isotope analysis
Authors: Deegan Frances M. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Troll Valentin R. , Geiger Harri , Jeon Heejin , le Roux Petrus , Harris Chris , van Helden Marcel , González-Maurel Osvaldo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagma plumbing systems underlying subduction zone volcanoes extend from the mantle through the overlying crust and facilitate protracted fractional crystallisation, assimilation, and mixing, which frequently obscures a clear view of mantle source compositions. In order to see through this crustal noise, we present intracrystal Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) δ18O values in clinopyroxene from Merapi, Kelut, Batur, and Agung volcanoes in the Sunda arc, Indonesia, under which the thickness of the crust decreases from ca. 30 km at Merapi to ≤20 km at Agung. Here we show that mean clinopyroxene δ18O values decrease concomitantly with crustal thickness and that lavas from Agung possess mantle-like He-Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios and clinopyroxene mean equilibrium melt δ18O values of 5.7 ‰ (±0.2 1 SD) indistinguishable from the δ18O range for Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB). The oxygen isotope composition of the mantle underlying the East Sunda Arc is therefore largely unaffected by subduction-driven metasomatism and may thus represent a sediment-poor arc end-member.
Indispensable epigenetic control of thymic epithelial cell development and function by polycomb repressive complex 2
Authors: Barthlott Thomas , Handel Adam E. , Teh Hong Ying , Wirasinha Rushika C. , Hafen Katrin , Žuklys Saulius , Roch Benoit , Orkin Stuart H. , de Villartay Jean-Pierre , Daley Stephen R. , Holländer Georg A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThymic T cell development and T cell receptor repertoire selection are dependent on essential molecular cues provided by thymic epithelial cells (TEC). TEC development and function are regulated by their epigenetic landscape, in which the repressive H3K27me3 epigenetic marks are catalyzed by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Here we show that a TEC-targeted deficiency of PRC2 function results in a hypoplastic thymus with reduced ability to express antigens and select a normal repertoire of T cells. The absence of PRC2 activity reveals a transcriptomically distinct medullary TEC lineage that incompletely off-sets the shortage of canonically-derived medullary TEC whereas cortical TEC numbers remain unchanged. This alternative TEC development is associated with the generation of reduced TCR diversity. Hence, normal PRC2 activity and placement of H3K27me3 marks are required for TEC lineage differentiation and function and, in their absence, the thymus is unable to compensate for the loss of a normal TEC scaffold.
Whole-exome sequencing of alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma reveals genomic profile and therapeutic targets
Authors: Lu Jun , Ding Yongfeng , Chen Yanyan , Jiang Junjie , Chen Yiran , Huang Yingying , Wu Mengjie , Li Chengzhi , Kong Mei , Zhao Wenyi , Wang Haohao , Zhang Jing , Li Zhongqi , Lu Yimin , Yu Xiongfei , Jin Ketao , Zhou Donghui , Zhou Tianhua , Teng Fei , Zhang Haibin , Zhou Zhan , Wang Haiyong , Teng Lisong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlpha-fetoprotein producing gastric carcinoma (AFPGC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of gastric cancer. However, little is known about the genomic features of this disease. We perform whole-exome sequencing analysis of AFPGC, and identify 34 significantly mutated genes. Somatic copy number alterations analysis reveals several significant focal amplifications (e.g. 19q12, 17q12) and focal deletions (e.g. 1p36.11, 9p21.3), and some of these negatively affect the patient prognosis. Comparative analyses reveal that AFPGC has distinct genomic features from gastric cancer of The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as four molecular subtypes. Several frequently altered genes with potential as therapeutic targets are identified in AFPGC. Further analysis reveals that AFPGC with amplification of CCNE1 at 19q12 and/or ERBB2 at 17q12 show poorer survival and more aggressive. Subsequently, based on our established patient-derived xenograft models for AFPGC, translational research is performed and the therapeutic value of targeting CCNE1 and ERBB2 is validated. In this work, we provide an understanding of genomic characteristics of AFPGC and propose a platform to explore and validate the genome-guided personalized treatment for this disease.
Topological phases and bulk-edge correspondence of magnetized cold plasmas
Authors: Fu Yichen , Qin Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlasmas have been recently studied as topological materials. However, a comprehensive picture of topological phases and topological phase transitions in cold magnetized plasmas is still missing. Here we systematically map out all the topological phases and establish the bulk-edge correspondence in cold magnetized plasmas. We find that for the linear eigenmodes, there are 10 topological phases in the parameter space of density n, magnetic field B, and parallel wavenumber kz, separated by the surfaces of Langmuir wave-L wave resonance, Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance, and zero magnetic field. For fixed B and kz, only the phase transition at the Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance corresponds to edge modes. A sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of this type of edge modes is given and verified by numerical solutions. We demonstrate that edge modes exist not only on a plasma-vacuum interface but also on more general plasma-plasma interfaces. This finding broadens the possible applications of these exotic excitations in space and laboratory plasmas.
Orbital- and millennial-scale Antarctic Circumpolar Current variability in Drake Passage over the past 140,000 years
Authors: Wu Shuzhuang , Lembke-Jene Lester , Lamy Frank , Arz Helge W. , Nowaczyk Norbert , Xiao Wenshen , Zhang Xu , Hass H. Christian , Titschack Jürgen , Zheng Xufeng , Liu Jiabo , Dumm Levin , Diekmann Bernhard , Nürnberg Dirk , Tiedemann Ralf , Kuhn Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) plays a crucial role in global ocean circulation by fostering deep-water upwelling and formation of new water masses. On geological time-scales, ACC variations are poorly constrained beyond the last glacial. Here, we reconstruct changes in ACC strength in the central Drake Passage in vicinity of the modern Polar Front over a complete glacial-interglacial cycle (i.e., the past 140,000 years), based on sediment grain-size and geochemical characteristics. We found significant glacial-interglacial changes of ACC flow speed, with weakened current strength during glacials and a stronger circulation in interglacials. Superimposed on these orbital-scale changes are high-amplitude millennial-scale fluctuations, with ACC strength maxima correlating with diatom-based Antarctic winter sea-ice minima, particularly during full glacial conditions. We infer that the ACC is closely linked to Southern Hemisphere millennial-scale climate oscillations, amplified through Antarctic sea ice extent changes. These strong ACC variations modulated Pacific-Atlantic water exchange via the “cold water route” and potentially affected the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and marine carbon storage.
Complex magnetic properties associated with competing local and itinerant magnetism in $${\text {Pr}}_2 {\text {Co}}_{0.86} {\text {Si}}_{2.88}$$
Authors: Kundu Mily , Pakhira Santanu , Choudhary Renu , Paudyal Durga , Lakshminarasimhan N. , Avdeev Maxim , Cottrell Stephen , Adroja Devashibhai , Ranganathan R. , Mazumdar Chandan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTernary intermetallic compound$${\text {Pr}}_2 {\text {Co}}_{0.86} {\text {Si}}_{2.88}$$Pr2Co0.86Si2.88has been synthesized in single phase and characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis, magnetization, heat capacity, neutron diffraction and muon spin rotation/relaxation ($$\mu$$μSR) measurements. The polycrystalline compound was synthesized in single phase by introducing necessary vacancies in Co/Si sites. Magnetic, heat capacity, and zero-field neutron diffraction studies reveal that the system undergoes magnetic transition below$$\sim$$∼4 K. Neutron diffraction measurement further reveals that the magnetic ordering is antiferromagnetic in nature with an weak ordered moment. The high temperature magnetic phase has been attributed to glassy in nature consisting of ferromagnetic clusters of itinerant (3d) Co moments as evident by the development of internal field in zero-field$$\mu$$μSR below 50 K. The density-functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the low temperature magnetic transition is associated with antiferromagnetic coupling between Pr 4fand Co 3dspins. Pr moments show spin fluctuation along with unconventional orbital moment quenching due to crystal field. The evolution of the symmetry and the crystalline electric field environment of Pr-ions are also studied and compared theoretically between the elemental Pr and when it is coupled with other elements such as Co. The localized moment of Pr 4fand itinerant moment of Co 3dcompete with each other below$$\sim$$∼20 K resulting in an unusual temperature dependence of magnetic coercivity in the system.
Advanced glycation end products and their receptors in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Indyk Diana , Bronowicka-Szydełko Agnieszka , Gamian Andrzej , Kuzan Aleksandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlycation is a non-enzymatic process involving the reaction of reducing sugars or reactive oxoaldehyde with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The presented work discusses the glycation process in people with advanced stage of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The concentration of different AGEs and their receptors for 58 serum samples was determined by ELISA and by spectrofluorimetric methods. In addition to fluorescent low molecular weight and protein-bound AGEs, we have also marked a new class of AGEs: melibiose-derived glycation product (MAGE). Our attention was also focused on the two groups of AGEs receptors: scavenger receptors (SR-A and SR-B) and RAGE. The correlation between the SR-AI scavenging receptors concentration and the fluorescence of AGEs as well as diabetes biological markers: GFR, creatinine contentration and HbA1c was demonstrated. A relationship between the concentration of AGEs and their receptors was also found in serum sample of patients treated with the metformin and aspirin. Furthermore, the concentration of SR-AI scavenger and the fluorescence of total AGEs was significantly lower in treated patients than in non treated patients. AGEs have also been found to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetic complications, what could be deduced from the correlation of AGEs level and HDL cholesterol or uric acid level. Thus, it was confirmed that AGEs are involved in the pathomechanism of diabetes and other degenerative diseases. Nowadays, it is believed that AGEs due to the long time remaining in the body may be an important diagnostic marker. Their determination may allow monitoring the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy.