bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat stress lowers yields, alters nutrient uptake and changes seed quality in quinoa grown under Mediterranean field conditions
Authors: Matías Javier , Rodríguez María José , Cruz Verónica , Calvo Patricia , Reguera María 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global expansion of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation has been related to the nutritional properties of its seeds and the ability of this crop to cope with stress. However, research works evaluating the agronomic impact of quinoa cultivation out of the Andean region are still limited, especially under Mediterranean field conditions. In this work, the agronomic performance, seed composition and nutrient uptake (NU) of five quinoa varieties were analysed in two consecutive years (2017–2018) under field conditions in Southwestern Europe. High temperatures were recorded during 2017 growing season, resulting in significantly lower yields (1.6 t/ha) compared to 2018 (2.5 t/ha). High‐temperature stress coincided with flowering stage in those medium‐to‐long cycle varieties and was well correlated with detrimental effects on the vegetative stage of short and medium cycle varieties. Seed composition and mineral content of quinoa varied among varieties subjected to heat stress, which could be due to differences in the stress response. Protein and fibre contents were higher under high temperatures, while fats and carbohydrates contents decreased. Nutrient uptake, utilisation and partitioning were reduced under heat stress, probably due to heat‐protection mechanisms and associated biochemical changes. Early maturing varieties showed better adaptation, especially Marisma, which achieved the highest yield in both years (3.0 t/ha, on average). Overall, the results here presented support to the potential of quinoa cultivation in Europe highlighting the necessity to further explore varieties better adapted to elevated temperatures, a common stress affecting the Mediterranean area.
Development of microfibers for bone regeneration based on alkali‐free bioactive glasses doped with boron oxide
Authors: Gaddam Anuraag , Gołębiewski Przemysław , Fernandes Hugo R. , Pysz Dariusz , Neto Ana S. , Diduszko Ryszard , Malinowska Agnieszka , Stępień Ryszard , Cimek Jarosław , Buczyński Ryszard , Ferreira José M. F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new series of alkali‐free bioactive glasses (BG) based on FastOs®composition (38.49 SiO2– 36.07 CaO – 19.24 MgO – 5.61 P2O5– 0.59 CaF2, expressed in mol %), which was modified by partially replacing silicon dioxide network‐former with boron trioxide network‐former, utilizing calcium oxide as a charge compensator. The main objective of this study was to obtain a new family of bioactive glasses suitable for the fabrication of glass fibers. The BGs were prepared by melt quenching technique and their structural and thermal properties were determined. Glass rods were used to obtain fibers by the classic drawing technique. The bioactivity of the fibers was subsequently assessed through immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) to establish their ability to form hydroxyl carbonated (HCA) apatite onto their surfaces. Glasses with moderate substitution of SiO2with B2O3exhibited enhanced thermal properties, allowing to significantly suppress the crystallization trend, and favoring to draw the fibers. The structure of the studied glasses was obtained by NMR spectroscopy. The structure‐property correlations were established by their relationship to the configurational entropy. Smaller amounts of substitution resulted in larger entropy of the glasses. Moreover the SBF tests revealed an extensive formation of HCA, comparable to the parent FastOs®BG composition, which assures fast bonding to the bone. Thus, presented glass fibers may be considered as promising materials for wool‐like bone implants or as reinforcing constituent of biopolymer matrix composites.
The effects of thickness and shade on translucency parameters of contemporary, esthetic dental ceramics
Authors: Pop‐Ciutrila Ioana Sofia , Ghinea Razvan , Dudea Diana , Ruiz‐López Javier , Pérez Maria M. , Colosi Horatiu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze translucency variations among four different contemporary esthetic ceramic systems having different shades and thicknesses.Material and MethodsCeramic specimens having different shades and translucencies were tested: leucite reinforced glass–ceramic (ECAD), conventional feldspathic ceramic (Noritake), zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass–ceramic (Suprinity) and hybrid ceramic (Enamic). Specimens of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0‐mm thickness (n = 3/group, 615 total) were prepared. Translucency (TP) and Relative Translucency (RTP) Parameters were calculated from spectroradiometric color readings. Effects of shade and thickness for a given system were statistically analyzed using MANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc multiple comparisons tests. Translucency variations were assessed comparatively with literature‐based perceptibility and acceptability thresholds.ResultsTP/RTP values of all ceramic materials decreased with increasing thickness. The most translucent specimens were 0.6‐mm thick ECAD HT‐A3.5 (TP = 31.99) and ECAD HT‐C2 (RTP = 23.75), while the least translucent was 2‐mm thick Enamic T‐3 M2 (TP = 7.27; RTP = 4.79). Thickness and material type significantly influenced translucency (p < 0.001). Noritake and ECAD LT showed similar translucency values, as well as Suprinity HT and ECAD LT.ConclusionsFor ceramic restorations thicker than 0.9‐mm, any thickness increase of 0.3–0.5 mm produces a perceptible but clinically acceptable translucency variation. Increases in thickness larger than 0.6‐mm will result in an unacceptable translucency shift. Dental practitioners need to recognize key factors that influence translucency of ceramic restorations in order to choose the optimal material, shade, translucency, and thickness suitable for different clinical scenarios. While shade plays a minor role in translucency variation, ceramic type and restoration thickness significantly affect overall translucency.
Physiological Responses of Mesodiniummajor to Irradiance, Prey Concentration and Prey Starvation
Authors: Drumm Kirstine , Norlin Andreas , Kim Miran , Altenburger Andreas , Juel Hansen Per 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCiliates within the Mesodinium rubrum/Mesodinium major species complex harbor chloroplasts and other cell organelles from specific cryptophyte species. Mesodinium major was recently described, and new studies indicate that blooms of M. major are just as common as blooms of M. rubrum. Despite this, the physiology of M. major has never been studied and compared to M. rubrum. In this study, growth, food uptake, chlorophyll a and photosynthesis were measured at six different irradiances, when fed the cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia. The results show that the light compensation point for growth of M. major was significantly higher than for M. rubrum. Inorganic carbon uptake via photosynthesis contributed by far most of total carbon uptake at most irradiances, similar to M. rubrum. Mesodinium major cells contain ~four times as many chloroplast as M. rubrum leading to up to ~four times higher rates of photosynthesis. The responses of M. major to prey starvation and refeeding were also studied. Mesodinium major was well adapted to prey starvation, and 51 d without prey did not lead to mortality. Mesodinium major quickly recovered from prey starvation when refed, due to high ingestion rates of > 150 prey/predator/d.
A literature review of the economics of COVID‐19
Authors: Brodeur Abel , Gray David , Islam Anik , Bhuiyan Suraiya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe goal of this piece is to survey the developing and rapidly growing literature on the economic consequences of COVID‐19 and the governmental responses, and to synthetize the insights emerging from a very large number of studies. This survey: (i) provides an overview of the data sets and the techniques employed to measure social distancing and COVID‐19 cases and deaths; (ii) reviews the literature on the determinants of compliance with and the effectiveness of social distancing; (iii) mentions the macroeconomic and financial impacts including the modelling of plausible mechanisms; (iv) summarizes the literature on the socioeconomic consequences of COVID‐19, focusing on those aspects related to labor, health, gender, discrimination, and the environment; and (v) summarizes the literature on public policy responses.
Public–private research collaborations: Longitudinal field‐level analysis of determinants, frequency, and impact
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , Apponi Francesca , D'Angelo Ciriaco Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study on public–private research collaboration measures the variation over time of the propensity of academics to collaborate with colleagues from private companies. It also investigates the change in weights of the main drivers underlying the academics’ propensity to collaborate, and whether the type profile of the collaborating academics changes. To do this, the study applies an inferential model on a dataset of professors working in Italian universities in consecutive periods, 2010–2013 and 2014–2017. The results, obtained at overall and field levels, support the formulation of policies aimed at fostering public–private research collaborations, and should be taken into account in postassessment of their effectiveness.
No relation of Need for Cognition to basic executive functions
Authors: Gärtner Anne , Grass Julia , Wolff Max , Goschke Thomas , Strobel Anja , Strobel Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeed for Cognition (NFC) refers to a personality trait describing the relatively stable intrinsic motivation of individuals to invest cognitive effort in cognitive endeavors. Higher NFC is associated with a more elaborated, central information processing style and increased recruitment of resources in cognitively demanding situations. To further clarify the association between cognitive resources and NFC, we examined in two studies how NFC relates to executive functions as basic cognitive abilities.MethodIn Study 1, 189 healthy young adults completed an NFC scale and a battery of six commonly used inhibitory control tasks (Stroop, antisaccade, stop‐signal, flanker, shape‐matching, word‐naming). In Study 2, 102 healthy young adults completed the NFC scale and two tasks for each of the three executive functions inhibitory control (go‐nogo, stop‐signal), shifting (number‐letter, color‐shape), and working memory updating (two‐back, letter‐memory).ResultsUsing a Bayesian approach to correlation analysis, we found no conclusive evidence that NFC was related to any executive function measure. Instead, we obtained even moderate evidence for the null hypothesis.ConclusionsBoth studies add to more recent findings that shape the understanding of NFC as a trait that is less characterized by increased cognitive control abilities but rather by increased willingness to invest effort and exert self‐control via motivational processes.
How isomaltulose and oligofructose affect physicochemical and sensory properties of muffins?
Authors: Castelló María Luisa , Echevarrías Andrea , Rubio‐Arraez Susana , Ortolá María Dolores 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article analyses, the replacement of sucrose in muffins with nine different combinations of isomaltulose and oligofructose. Being a structural isomer of sucrose with approx. 50% of sucrose sweetness, isomaltulose is non‐cariogenic and with a low glycemic profile but having the same calories as sucrose. Oligofructose is composed of fructose polymers, with a reduced caloric value and prebiotic effect. Specifically, height, percentage of alveoli, water content, Aw, mechanical, and optical properties have been measured along with a sensory evaluation. The results showed that all combinations of sweeteners gave place to softer muffins than control ones. Moreover, isomaltulose caused a darkening of the products likely due to an enhancement of the Maillard reactions. The highest amount of isomaltulose and the absence of sucrose meant the worst score in sweetness and flavor due to the low sweetening powder of isomaltulose.
Incidence and risk factors of anti‐tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (DILI): Large cohort study involving 4652 Chinese adult tuberculosis patients
Authors: Jiang Fanrong , Yan Huadong , Liang Lili , Du Jingyuan , Jin Susu , Yang Shiqing , Wang Hongxia , Hu Ting , Zhu Yuying , Wang Guangming , Hu Yaoren , Cai Ting , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAnti‐tuberculosis drugs remain as an important cause of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) worldwide. Adverse drug reactions reduce the effectiveness of treatment. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with anti‐tuberculosis DILI (ATDILI).MethodsUsing established criteria and causality assessment methods, risk factors for ATDILI were identified in a contemporary cohort and validated in another cohort prospectively. Independent determinants of ATDILI were identified using Cox regression analysis.ResultsIn the derivation cohort (n = 3155), 170 (5.4%) developed ATDILI of which 27 (15.9%) developed jaundice; 9(5.3%) developed acute liver failure (ALF) and 3 died. Among HBsAg positive patients, 11/27 (40.7%) of ATDILI developed after 3 months of starting treatment. In addition, of 218 (6.9%) who developed raised alanine transferase (ALT) levels ≥3 times upper limit normal, 193 (88.5%) resolved and 25 (11.4%) progressed to DILI. Age (HR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.005‐1.023), baseline ALT (HR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.003‐1.024), haemoglobin (HR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.002‐1.020) and HBsAg positivity (HR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.004‐2.290) were independent risk factors for DILI. In the second cohort (n = 1497) of which 85 (5.7%) developed ATDILI. Age (HR = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.003‐1.056), baseline AST (HR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.010‐1.062), previous TB treatment (HR = 3.894, 95% CI: 1.304‐11.625) and active drinking (HR = 3.624, 95% CI: 1.147‐11.454) were risk factors for developing jaundice.ConclusionElevation of ALT of ≥3 × ULN during anti‐TB treatment resolves in the vast majority without developing serious consequences. In two cohorts involving 4652 patients, incidence of ALF and death because of ATDILI are low. Age, baseline ALT, haemoglobin and HBsAg positivity are risk factors for the development of DILI and these inform monitoring and management of these patients.
Going Nowhere: Ambivalence about Drug Treatment during an Overdose Public Health Emergency in Vancouver
Authors: Fast Danya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe declaration of an overdose public health emergency in Vancouver has generated an “affective churn” of intervention across youth‐focused drug treatment settings, including the expanded provision of opioid agonist therapy. In this article, I track moments when young people became swept up in the momentum of this churn and the future possibilities that treatment seemed to promise. I also track moments when treatment and what happened next engendered a sense of stagnation, arguing that the churn of intervention ensnared many youth in rhythms of starts and stops that generated significant ambivalence toward treatment. The colonial past and present deepened this ambivalence among some Indigenous young people and informed moments of refusal. Youth's lives unfolded through but also around treatment programs, in zones of the city where drug use could generate a sense of momentum that was hooked not on futures, but on the sensorial possibilities of the now. [North America, overdose, drug treatment interventions, youth, affect]
Taming Time: Configuring Cancer Patients as Research Subjects
Authors: Bogicevic Ivana , Svendsen Mette N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores how incurable cancer patients in the affluent Danish welfare state are recruited to clinical trials. We show that patients’ impending death constitutes their potential for being configured as research subjects. To produce valuable data, patients who enroll in trials and health care professionals must engage in daily “time practices” that prolong the threshold between life and death. When death becomes inevitable, the limit of configuring dying cancer patients as research subjects is reached. Navigating this temporal logic, health care professionals balance the boundary between patients’ instrumental worth as research subjects and their intrinsic worth as dying cancer patients. Whereas previous studies have critically uncovered how clinical trials operate at socioeconomic margins, we point to the ways in which clinical trials operate through temporal margins. We argue that clinical trials are dependent on configuring marginal societal spaces and marginal bodies from which to produce knowledge.
Cold‐induced vasodilation in abstinent smokers with and without a 12‐hour nicotine patch
Authors: Lee Kichang , Cheatham Christopher C. , Mack Gary W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to identify the effects of a 12‐h nicotine patch administration on cold induced vasodilation (CIVD) in healthy young chronic smokers following 16 h of abstinence from smoking. Two laser Doppler probes and temperature thermocouples were placed on the dorsal part of the distal phalanx of the middle and ring fingers of 7 smokers (>12 cigarettes/day). Following 16 h of abstinence from smoking, smokers were tested with and without administration of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch (NicoDerm®). Each participant's right hand was immersed in cold (~5°C) water for 40 min. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from non‐invasive arterial finger blood pressure and skin blood flow and expressed as a percentage of peak CVC observed during hand skin heating to 44°C. For comparison purposes, the CIVD response of a non‐smoking cohort without nicotine patch (n = 10) was also examined. Baseline CVC was similar in smokers and non‐smokers (27.8 ± 12.6 CVC % peak). The initial vasoconstriction during cold‐water immersion decreased skin blood flow to 4.0 ± 3.9 CVC % peak in both smokers and non‐smokers. The onset of CIVD in smokers (4.5 ± 1.5 min) was delayed compared to non‐smoker (3.3 ± 0.8 min, p < .05). The area under the CVC %peak‐time curve during cold‐water immersion averaged 1250 ± 388 CVC %peak · min in non‐smokers which was larger (p < .05) than smokers with or without nicotine (789 ± 542 and 862 ± 517 CVC %peak · min, respectively). Chronic smoking impaired the CIVD response to cold‐water immersion of the hand; however, the impaired CIVD response in 16 h of abstinence from smoking was not influenced by application of a 21 mg transdermal nicotine patch.
A rhomboid‐like protease gene from an interspecies translocation confers resistance to cyst nematodes
Authors: Kumar Avneesh , Harloff Hans‐Joachim , Melzer Siegbert , Leineweber Johanna , Defant Birgit , Jung Christian 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Plant‐parasitic nematodes are severe pests in crop production worldwide. Chemical control of nematodes has been continuously reduced in recent decades owing to environmental and health concerns. Therefore, breeding nematode‐resistant crops is an important aim if we are to secure harvests. The beet cyst nematode impairs root development and causes severe losses in sugar beet production. The only sources for resistance are distantly related wild species of the genus Patellifolia. Nematode resistance had been introduced into the beet genome via translocations from P. procumbens.

We sequenced three translocations and identified the translocation breakpoints. By comparative sequence analysis of three translocations, we localized the resistance gene Hs4 within a region c. 230 kb in size. A candidate gene was characterized by CRISPR‐Cas‐mediated knockout and overexpression in susceptible roots.

The gene encodes a rhomboid‐like protease, which is predicted to be bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. Gene knockout resulted in complete loss of resistance, while overexpression caused resistance.

The data confirm that the Hs4 gene alone protects against the pest. Thus, it constitutes a previously unknown mechanism of plants to combat parasitic nematodes. Its function in a nonrelated species suggests that the gene can confer resistance in crop species from different plant families.
Leaf direction: Lamina joint development and environmental responses
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Jia‐Jia , Xue Hong‐Wei , Zhang Guang‐Heng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlant architecture plays a major role in canopy photosynthesis and biomass production, and plants adjust their growth (and thus architecture) in response to changing environments. Leaf angle is one of the most important traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant architecture, because leaf angle strongly affects leaf direction and rice production, with more‐erect leaves being advantageous for high‐density plantings. The degree of leaf bending depends on the morphology of the lamina joint, which connects the leaf and the sheath. In this review, we discuss cell morphology in different lamina joint tissues and describe the underlying genetic network that governs this morphology and thus regulates leaf direction. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanism by how environmental factors influence rice leaf angle. Our review provides a theoretical framework for the future genetic improvement of rice leaf orientation and plant architecture.
GmST1, which encodes a sulfotransferase, confers resistance to soybean mosaic virus strains G2 and G3
Authors: Zhao Xue , Jing Yan , Luo Zhenghui , Gao Sainan , Teng Weili , Zhan Yuhang , Qiu Lijuan , Zheng Hongkun , Li Wenbin , Han Yingpeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most widespread and devastating viral diseases worldwide. The genetic architecture of qualitative resistance to SMV in soybean remains unclear. Here, the Rsvg2 locus was identified as underlying soybean resistance to SMV by genome‐wide association and linkage analyses. Fine mapping results showed that soybean resistance to SMV strains G2 and G3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, GmST1, on chromosome 13, encoding a sulfotransferase (SOT). A key variation at position 506 in the coding region of GmST1 associated with the structure of the encoded SOT and changed SOT activity levels between RSVG2‐S and RSVG2‐R alleles. In RSVG2‐S allele carrier “Hefeng25”, the overexpression of GmST1 carrying the RSVG2‐R allele from the SMV‐resistant line “Dongnong93‐046” conferred resistance to SMV strains G2 and G3. Compared to Hefeng25, the accumulation of SMV was decreased in transgenic plants carrying the RSVG2‐R allele. SMV infection differentiated both the accumulation of jasmonates and expression patterns of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, biosynthesis and catabolism in RSVG2‐R and RSVG2‐S allele carriers. This characterization of GmST1 suggests a new scenario explaining soybean resistance to SMV.