bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-aligned double injection-function contact mitigating short channel effects in sub-micron channels of solution processed indium gallium zinc oxide
Authors: Sheleg Gil , Tessler Nir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate self-aligned Double Injection Function Thin Film Transistor (DIF-TFT) architecture that mitigates short channel effects in 200nm channel on a non-scaled insulator (100nm SiO2). In this conceptual design, a combination of an ohmic-like injection contact and a high injection-barrier metal allows maintaining the high ON currents while suppressing the drain-induced barrier lowering. Using an industrial 2D device simulator (Sentaurus), we propose two methods to realize the DIF concept and we use one of them to experimentally demonstrate a DIF-TFT based on solution processed IGZO. Using molybdenum as the ohmic contact and platinum as the high injection barrier, we compare three transistor’s source-contacts: ohmic, Schottky, and double injection function. The fabricated DIF-TFT exhibits saturation at sub 1V drain bias with only about a factor of 2 loss in ON current compared to the ohmic contact.
Do low-confidence individuals decrease group judgments’ accuracy? Investigations in terms of the wisdom of crowds framework
Authors: Shirasuna Masaru , Honda Hidehito 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In group judgments in a binary choice task, the judgments of individuals with low confidence (i.e., they feel that the judgment was not correct) may be regarded as unreliable. Previous studies have shown that aggregating individuals’ diverse judgments can lead to high accuracy in group judgments, a phenomenon known as the wisdom of crowds. Therefore, if low-confidence individuals make diverse judgments between individuals and the mean of accuracy of their judgments is above the chance level (.50), it is likely that they will not always decrease the accuracy of group judgments. To investigate this issue, the present study conducted behavioral experiments using binary choice inferential tasks, and computer simulations of group judgments by manipulating group sizes and individuals’ confidence levels. Results revealed that (I) judgment patterns were highly similar between individuals regardless of their confidence levels; (II) the low-confidence group could make judgments as accurate as the high-confidence group, as the group size increased; and (III) even if there were low-confidence individuals in a group, they generally did not inhibit group judgment accuracy. The results suggest the usefulness of low-confidence individuals’ judgments in a group and provide practical implications for real-world group judgments.
Existence of yttrium allotrope with incommensurate host-guest structure at moderate pressure: First evidence from computational approach
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Bovornratanaraks Thipok , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We predict an allotrope of yttrium with an incommensurate host-guest structure by using ab initio random structure searching technique, based on first-principles calculation. Along with, we propose a set analogous commensurate supercells, which is incommensurate ratio (c H /c G), by approximating the different the number of guest atoms in channels in along c axis of the host structure. Herein, our results show that c H /c G = 5/4 is energetically stable. Subsequently, an incommensurate host-guest structure is found to be thermodynamically and dynamically stable within harmonic level. The hybridization of spd explains the stability of the host-guest structure under high pressure conditions. The distributions of electrons between the host and guest atoms are indicated strong and weak electron localization of spd bonds. This findings suggest that the host-guest structure is more likely to be achieved experimentally in this metallic element at moderate pressure.
Synthetic neuromorphic computing in living cells
Authors: Rizik Luna , Danial Loai , Habib Mouna , Weiss Ron , Daniel Ramez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biological regulatory networks in cells and neuronal networks employ complex circuit topologies with highly interconnected nodes to perform sophisticated information processing. Despite the complexity of neuronal networks, their information processing and computational capabilities can be recapitulated using simplified models comprising repeated connected nodes, e.g., perceptrons, with decision-making capabilities and flexible weighted links. Here, we argue that analogous to their revolutionary impact on computing, neuro-inspired models can similarly transform synthetic gene circuit design in a manner that is reliable, efficient in resource utilization, and can be readily reconfigurable for new tasks. We introduce neuromorphic design for synthetic gene circuits by first defining the perceptgene, a perceptron that computes in the logarithmic domain, which enables efficient implementation of artificial neural networks in the cellular milieu. Working in Escherichia coli cells, we experimentally demonstrated logarithmic scale analog multiplication using a single perceptgene. We modified perceptgene parameters (weights and biases) to create devices that compute a log-transformed negative rectifier encoding the minimum operation, log-transformed positive rectifier encoding the maximum operation, and log-transformed average of analog inputs. We then created multi-layer perceptgene circuits that compute a majority function, perform analog-to-digital conversion, and implement a ternary switch. Experimental and theoretical analysis showed that our approach enables circuit optimization via artificial intelligence algorithms such as gradient descent and backpropagation. Realizing neural-like computing in the noisy resource-limited environments of individual cells marks an important step towards synthetic biological systems that can be engineered effectively via supervised ANN optimization algorithms.
A development method of cutting force coefficients in face milling process using parallelogram insert
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Tung 
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a modeling method of cutting force and a combination approach of theory and experimental methods in the determination of cutting force coefficients in the face milling process using a parallelogram insert. By the theoretical method, the cutting forces were modeled by a mathematical function of cutting cutter geometry (Cutter diameter, the number of inserts, the insert nose radius, insert cutting edge helix angle, etc.), cutting conditions (depth of cut, feed per flute, spindle speed, etc.), and cutting force coefficients (shear force coefficients, edge force coefficients). By the theoretical method, the average cutting forces in three directions (feed – x, normal – y, and axial – z) were modeled as the linear functions of feed per flute. By the experimental method, the average cutting forces in these three directions were also regressed as the linear functions of feed per flute with quite large determination coefficients (R2 were larger than 92 %). Then, the relationship of average cutting forces and feed per flute was used to determine all six cutting force coefficient components. The validation experiments were performed to verify the linear function of average cutting forces, to determine the cutting force coefficients, and to verify the cutting force models in the face milling process using a cutter with one parallelogram insert. The cutting force models were successfully verified by comparison of the shape and the values of predicted cutting forces and measured cutting forces. These proposed methods and models can be applied to determine the cutting force coefficients and predict the cutting force in the face milling process using a parallelogram insert and can be extended with other cutting types or other insert types
A fuzzy vault development based on iris images
Authors: Taha Mohammed A. , Ahmed Hanaa M. 
Published: September 2021

Biometric systems gather information from the person's biometric attributes, used extensively to authorize the individuals. Due to the obvious convenience of using specific individual traits such as face, fingerprints, palm veins, and irises, biometric authentication is becoming more common. In particular, Iris systems are in high demand for high-assurance applications, because they contain a broad feature set and remain stable. Authentication methods based on iris biometrics are now commonly used in a variety of fields. This is due to the fact that iris biometric authentication is both safer and more comfortable than conventional passwords. Template Security is a major concern in biometric systems. The template security mechanism ensures reusable, permanent, and un-linkable models. The Fuzzy Vault strategy is one of the most popular security schemes for Template protection.
Fuzzy vault has demonstrated to be an effective protection method but lacks revocability and security attacks. This article introduced an improved fuzzy vault system. The improved fuzzy vault system was introduced, which uses more than one key to protect biometric data. Different keys make the search space more detailed. The additional key was used to encrypt vault data, which stopped the intruder from accessing the information on the person's biometry. The system was tested using CASIA.v1 and IITD.v1 datasets, and findings showed that the system ensures the protection and authentication of the iris templates without compromising performance. The proposed modification gave a 0.0 % False Accepted Rate (FAR) for both the dataset and False Rejected Rate (FRR), 0.14 % for CASIA v1 and 0.12 % for ITTD v1 False Rejected rate
Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) outcomes at the time of orthodontic appliance removal and three months into retention
Authors: Monk Jared , Fowler Peter , Thomson William Murray 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has become an important measure of orthodontic treatment outcome. However, it is unclear how long OHRQoL benefits manifest themselves following the removal of the orthodontic appliances.

Objectives
To investigate differences in OHRQoL recorded at the time of orthodontic appliance removal and three months into retention.

Setting and sample
Described is a prospective outcome study of 59 consecutive participants treated in a hospital-based clinic between 2015 and 2018. The patients comprised three groups: those who received orthognathic surgery (N = 15), those who had an orofacial cleft (N = 30) and those who had no-surgery/no-cleft (N = 14). Each individual completed an age-specific OHRQoL questionnaire that categorised them as either an adolescent (N = 37) or an adult (N = 22) participant.

Method
The OHRQoL questionnaires were completed at the time of appliance removal (T0) and again three months into retention (T1). The Child Perceptions Questionnaires (CPQ11-14-ISF8 and P-CPQ8) were used for adolescent participants and their parent/caregiver, respectively, while the short-form Oral Health Impact Questionnaire (OHIP-14) was used for the adults.

Results
The OHIP-14, CPQ11-14-ISF8 and P-CPQ8 detected improvements in overall and domain scores between T0 and T1 for all patient groups. Moderate effect sizes (0.2–0.7) were observed in all the domain, overall and group mean scores.

Conclusions
Post-treatment orthodontic OHRQoL outcomes improve over the three-month period following appliance removal. The use of these measures should be delayed beyond the immediate time of appliance removal to allow the benefits of orthodontic treatment to be appreciated.
The long-term efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy in Class III malocclusion
Authors: Le Bi Ngoc Huynh , Goonewardene Mithran , Duigou Christophe , Bharat Chrianna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask (FM) therapy in the treatment of Class III malocclusions by comparing Class III subjects treated by RME/FM mechanics with untreated Class III controls at the Western Australian public dental hospital.

Materials and methods
The lateral cephalograms of 42 (26 males, 16 females) Class III patients treated by RME/FM therapy were analysed and compared with a control sample comprised of 23 (14 males, 9 females) untreated Class III patients. Evaluations were carried out prior to facemask therapy and at a long-term follow-up period of approximately eight to nine years post-treatment. Statistical comparisons were performed using t-tests for unpaired data.

Results
At long-term follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups except in overjet, which was greater in the treated group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the short-term effects on the maxilla in RME/FM therapy are not maintained in the long term. Success in treatment is largely dependent on the patient’s skeletal growth pattern.
Developmental stage specific ANB reference values based on a longitudinal sample of untreated Caucasian subjects
Authors: Hostage Margaret , Silver Mathew T. , Finn Stephanie C. , Canary Benjamin , Kantarci Alpdogan , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Katebi Negin , Masoud Mohamed I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to assess the longitudinal changes in the ANB angle before and after adolescence, and determine Class I normative values for childhood and adolescent Caucasian patients based on cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) and gender.

Setting and sample population
The sample included 71 (41 females and 30 males) untreated Caucasian subjects who took part in a growth study between 1959 and 1976.

Materials and methods
Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analysed at CVMS1 (childhood) and again at CVMS4-5 (adulthood). A paired sample t-test was used to analyse ANB angle differences between the two time points. Subjects who were skeletally and dentally Class I at adulthood (51 subjects) had their radiographs at CVMS1 (childhood) and CVMS2-3 (adolescence) used to establish Caucasian normative values for those stages. Data were also analysed for gender and skeletal classification differences.

Results
There was a statistically significant decrease in ANB value (2.3°) from CVMS1 to CVMS4-5 in the combined sample as well as the skeletal Class I and Class III groups (2.5° and 3.3° for Class I and Class III subjects, respectively). The reduction was smaller and not statistically significant in Class II individuals (1.5°). In Class I individuals, ANB values were 4.68° (SD:1.76°) at CVMS1, 2.86° (SD:1.18°) at CVMS2-3, and 2.13° (SD:0.99°) at CVMS4-5. No significant gender differences were found.

Conclusions
Statistically significant decreases in the ANB angle can be expected between childhood and adulthood in Class I and Class III patients but not Class II untreated subjects. Adult normative values should not be used for children.
The effect of electro-thermal treatment of stainless steel arch wire on mechanical properties and cell proliferation
Authors: Gu Yingzhi , Xie Xianju , Wang Hongmei , Zhuang Rui , Bai Yuxing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Electric resistance heat treatment may be performed on orthodontic arch wires, but it remains unclear whether this procedure reliably provides better mechanical properties or whether an austenite phase transition affords less cytotoxicity and less arch wire width change.

Methods
Stainless steel (SS) arch wires of 0.017 × 0.025 and 0.019 × 0.025 inches in size were heat-treated using a spot welder for eight seconds at power settings of 2, 4, 6 and 8. The surface morphology, coefficient of friction (COF), flexural modulus, cytotoxicity, austenitic content, colour change and arch width of the samples were subsequently analysed.

Results
The COF, flexural modulus and austenitic content of the orthodontic SS arch wires increased after heat treatment. SS wires appearing brownish-yellow and blue exhibited higher flexural moduli. The heat treatment of the SS wires did not significantly increase arch wire width or cause cytotoxicity.

Conclusions
Electric resistance heat treatment of SS arch wires is a feasible method to improve the flexural modulus without widening the arch wire and increasing cytotoxicity. The colour of the wire helps determine the heating status, and the maximum flexural modulus of the wires is obtained when the colour changes to brownish-yellow.
The resistance to axial dislodgement of nickel titanium compression arch wire hooks – an in vitro study
Authors: Karsten Agneta Linder-Aronson , Forsberg Carl-Magnus , Öberg Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the level of force required to axially dislodge nickel titanium compression hooks (Trillium Compression HookTM, Hespeler Orthodontics) placed on orthodontic arch wires in vitro.

Materials and methods
Nickel titanium compression hooks were placed on arch wires with a specially designed pair of pliers. The resistance to axial dislodgement was tested on a total of 260 hooks placed in a standardised way on round (0.016″, 0.018″, 0.020″), square (0.020 × 0.020″) and rectangular (0.016 × 0.022″, 0.019 × 0.025″, 0.021 × 0.025″) stainless steel (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics), nickel titanium, or β-titanium (Hespeler Orthodontics) arch wires. The forces required to displace the hooks were recorded using an Instron tensile testing machine. The data were compared with the results reported in similar studies on stainless steel crimpable arch wire hooks.

Results
The forces required to dislodge the compression hooks varied between 45.0 N and 161.9 N. The hook’s resistance to dislodgement was found to be high in all tested hook/wire combinations. The lowest recorded average dislodging force was found in the 0.020″ nickel titanium group and the highest average force was in the 0.016 × 0.022″ β-titanium group.

Conclusion
The forces needed to dislodge the tested nickel titanium compression arch wire hooks exceed the force levels previously reported for stainless steel crimpable arch wire hooks.
Galvanic coupling and mechanical properties of low Ni orthodontic brackets with representative types of orthodontic wires
Authors: Kummer Géraldine , Polychronis Georgios , Zinelis Spiros , Eliades Theodore 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To characterise the mechanical properties and galvanic coupling of Ni-free orthodontic brackets with stainless steel (SS) and Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires.

Methods
Three Ni-free bracket types (Topic [TOP], Equilibrium [EQU] and Orthos [ORT] made of Ni-free alloys), one conventional (Mini 2000 [MIN]) made of SS alloy and an SS and a NiTi wire were examined in the present study. All brackets and wires were embedded in epoxy resin and, after metallographic grinding and polishing, the Martens hardness (HM), the indentation modulus (EIT), and the elastic index (ηIT) were recorded, employing Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) by monitoring force over indentation depth curves during a loading-unloading cycle. The galvanic coupling of all bracket-wire combinations was tested in 0.1M NaCl-0.1M lactic acid and 0.3% (wt.) NaF solutions by noting the potential differences over 48 hours. The mechanical properties were statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison tests at alpha = 0.05.

Results
Significant differences were identified in the mechanical properties of the materials tested. The TOP (2372 ± 182 N/ mm2), ORT (wing) (2418 ± 164) and SS wire (2302 ± 85) showed significantly higher HM compared with all other materials tested. The MIN (base) (1115 ± 81) and ORT (base) (1237 ± 101) showed the lowest HM while MIN (wing) (1520 ± 138), EQU (1620 ± 139) and NiTi wire (1526 ± 42) demonstrated intermediate HM values. The ORT (wing) (101 ± 6 GPa) displayed the highest EIT while NiTi wire (24 ± 5) showed the lowest. The latter had the highest elastic index (59 ± 5%) with MIN (base)(15 ± 3) possessing the lowest. The potential difference for all bracket wire combinations was found below the threshold for the initiation of galvanic corrosion (200 mV) apart from MIN coupled with NiTi wire in the NaF solution.

Conclusions
The mechanical properties of Ni-free brackets are significantly different compared with the SS bracket assessed. Galvanic testing revealed that conventional and Ni-free brackets are compatible with both SS and NiTi wires in media containing chloride and fluoride ions.
Mandibular repositioning in adult patients — an alternative to surgery? A two-year follow-up
Authors: Fiorelli Giorgio , Merlo Paola , Dalstra Michel , Melsen Birte 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Adult patients presenting with skeletal discrepancies may refuse surgical intervention.

Materials and methods
Thirty-two patients who declined orthognathic correction of their maxillo-mandibular dysplasia and who were without signs of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) were offered mandibular repositioning as a non-invasive alternative. Simulating a skeletal correction, it was explained that the approach was based on results described in case reports.
Before commencing treatment, initial records, lateral and frontal head films, study casts and photos were obtained (T0) and the mandible was repositioned to camouflage a retrognathic skeletal discrepancy or a mandibular transverse asymmetry by means of an occlusal build-up using Triad™ gel.

Results
Three months later (T1), 23 patients had adapted to the new occlusion reflected by an absence of functional disturbance and without fracture of the composite occlusal build-up. Mandibular position in these patients was maintained by additional orthodontic treatment and an adjustment of the occlusion to the built-up postured position (T1). The skeletal changes occurring during repositioning were assessed on sagittal and frontal head films while intra-articular changes occurring during a two-year follow-up period (T2) were evaluated on images constructed from CBCT scans. No significant change, either in the direction of relapse or in the direction of further normalisation of condylar position, were observed during the two-year observation period.

Conclusion
Mandibular repositioning is a non-invasive intervention that may be considered a valid alternative to surgery in selected patients. Morphological variables from the radiographs taken at T0 and the results of the initial clinical evaluation of dysfunction yielded only vague and insignificant indicators regarding the predictability of the adaptation. A CBCT scan at T0 might have contributed to the identification of the patients who would likely accept the repositioning.