bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ДО РОБОТИ ІЗ ОБДАРОВАНИМИ ДІТЬМИ У КНР
Authors: Алфімов В. М. , Перепадя Д. О. 
Published: January 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей підготовки китайських педагогів до роботи із обдарованими дітьми. Розглянуто специфіку підготовки педагогічних кадрів у Китаї; приділено увагу професійним характеристикам і компетенціям педагогів КНР, які працюють з обдарованими дітьми, заходам із підвищення кваліфікації та розвитку педагогічних навичок, а також вимогам до їх професійних якостей.
Освіта обдарованих дітей у Китаї не має окремого статусу у системі освіти КНР, а є частиною спеціальної освіти, тобто освіти дітей із особливими освітніми потребами. У статті визначено, що підготовкою спеціальних вчителів займається обмежена кількість університетів, тому брак спеціальних педагогів та фахівців є актуальною проблемою спеціальної освіти у Китаї. З’ясовано, що переважна більшість учителів, які навчають обдарованих дітей, – випускники середніх професійних навчальних закладів. Основним шляхом підготовки педагогів до роботи із обдарованими дітьми є заходи з підвищення кваліфікації, тематичні конференції та семінари.
Дослідження показало, що до професійних та особистісних якостей спеціальних педагогів висуваються відповідні вимоги, засновані на досвіді інших країн світу та класичних китайських трактатах. До роботи за спеціальними освітніми програмами залучаються учителі, які відповідають висунутим характеристикам і компетенціям, а також зосереджено увагу на їх професійних знаннях та вміннях. У спеціалізованих педагогічних навчальних закладах програми підготовки вчителів основну увагу приділяють педагогічним стратегіям та методам, розробленим згідно до особливостей викладання певного циклу дисциплін.
Wirus, pandemia, dystans społeczny
Authors: Abkowicz Mariola , Sulimowicz-Keruth Anna 
Published: January 2021

Wirus, pandemia, dystans społeczny to pojęcia, które towarzyszyły nam przez cały rok 2020. Wszyscy odczuwaliśmy brak kontaktów międzyludzkich, które dotąd wydawały czymś zwyczajnym i oczywistym. Zamiast się spotykać z innymi ludźmi, przyszło nam integrować się z komputerami i poznawać nowe techniki komunikacji. To nie był i nie jest łatwy czas, ale szczęśliwie udało się go jak dotąd przetrwać bez strat wśród naszych bliskich. Epidemia jest zresztą wpisana w naszą pamięć zbiorową. Każdego lata wspominamy przecież ofiary dżumy z 1710 roku, która w tak straszliwy sposób dotknęła naszą społeczność.
Ale głowy do góry! Koniec roku to czas podsumowań. Niech sprawozdania Związku Karaimów Polskich i Fundacji Karaimskie Dziedzictwo przypomną nam pozytywne emocje, które towarzyszyły wcale nie nielicznym, mimo skomplikowanej sytuacji, wydarzeniom z naszego życia kulturalnego i społecznego w tym roku.
W tym numerze „Awazymyz” mamy też dla Was nowość. Wiele uwagi poświęcaliśmy dotąd przeszłości, postaciom z karaimskiej historii. A co z tymi, którzy tworzą dzień dzisiejszy, z powodzeniem funkcjonują w otaczającym nas świecie, nie tracąc karaimskiej cząstki swej duszy? Nowy cykl wywiadów pt. „Portret współczesny” rozpoczyna rozmowa Hanny Pileckiej z Agnieszką Gordon, naukowcem, działaczką edukacyjną i mamą trzech córek, której życie związane jest z Wrocławiem, Trokami i Canterbury.Nie zarzucamy jednak naszej pasji poznawania przeszłości. Czasy innej epidemii ożywają przed nami w jakże aktualnych dziś wspomnieniach z Chin początku wieku XX, spisanych przez lekarza wojskowego, Jakowa Kefelego. O charakternym, ale niepozbawionym społecznej wrażliwości Karaimie-warszawiaku, kupcu tytoniowym Szymonie Chorczence opowiada Anna Sulimowicz-Keruth, przybliżając także projekt Crispa, dzięki któremu poszukiwanie karaimskich śladów w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego stało się możliwe z każdego miejsca i o każdej porze.
Lekkie pióro i poczucie humoru Hanny Pileckiej odgoni, mamy nadzieję, ponure myśli i sprowokuje Was do uśmiechu. Seria złośliwych i czasem nieco frywolnych limeryków, w kórych pojawiają się też trockie motywy, pozwoli przywołać w pamięci beztroske chwile, za którymi tak tęsknimy.
Pisaliśmy już w poprzednim numerze o karaimskiej mapie muzycznej. Kolejnymi szczegółami dotyczącymi jej powstania dzieli się z Wami Ewelina Krawczyk, odpowiedzialna za promocję tego projektu.
Konkurs dla dzieci i młodzieży, którego idea zrodziła się podczas zjazdu członków ZKP, spotkał się z niezwykle ciepłym przyjęciem. Wewnątrz numeru i na tylnej okładce prezentujemy nadesłane prace. Gratulujemy laureatom i za- pewniamy, że to nie ostatnia taka inicjatywa. Do zobaczenia w nowym, miejmy nadzieję bezpieczniejszym, roku!
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU POST PARTUM HARI KE 1-3 TENTANG PESAN KUNCI MODUL EMODEMO ASI SAJA CUKUP
Authors: Yuliyana Wahida 
Published: January 2021

Pengetahuan merupakan dasar yang menentukan sesorang untuk mengambil keputusan dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif. Pengetahuan pesan kuci emodemo perlu diukur sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan emodemo. EMODEMO(Emotional Demonstration) adalahsebuahpanduankegiatan yang sangatpartisipatif yang bertujuanuntukmenyampaikanpesansederhanadengancaramenyenangkandanataumenyentuhemosi (Mahani, Dkk. 2017)..Masalahdalampemberian ASI di Indonesia berdasarkanhasilanalisisRiskesdas 2013 antaralainpresentasibayi yang menyusueksklusifenambulansebesar 15,3%, presentaseinisiasimenyusudinikurangdarisatu jam setelahlahirsebesar 29,3%, sebagianbesarbayimulaidisusuipadakisaranwaktu 1-6 jam setelahlahir, persentase proses menyusuibayisetelah 48 jam sebesar 11,1 % (Astuti, dkk., 2015). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiTingkat pengetahuan ibu postpartum hari ke 1-3. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menerangkan atau menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan ibu post partum hari 1-3 tentang pesan kunci modul emodemo ASI saja cukup. Populasidaripenelitianiniadalahibu hamil trimester III.Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling.Jumlah sample adalah 60 ibu post paerum hari ke1-3.Instrumenpenelitianmenggunakanlembarkuesionerdanwawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Kootaanyar Kabupaten Probolinggo. Hasil penelitian adalah Tingkat Pengetahuan ibu postpartum hari 1-3 tentang pesan kunci emodemo ASI saja cukup adalah kurang baik dengan jumlah 40 orang (67%). Peneliti memberikan saran untuk tenaga kesehatan memberikan teknik lain dalam menyadarkan pentingnya pemberian asi eksklusif dan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi hanya dengan pemberian asi saja..
MiR-146a-5p Mimic Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Downstream Inflammatory Factors and CLIC4 in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Chen Jianglong , Chen Tong , Zhou Jin , Zhao Xiuhao , Sheng Qingfeng , Lv Zhibao 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal emergency with a severe inflammation storm, intestinal necrosis, and perforation. MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) has been reported to be a valuable anti-inflammatory factor in various intestinal inflammatory disorders. However, the role of miR-146a-5p in NEC, its effects on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and its downstream inflammatory factors remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p and NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in NEC development.Methods: The expression levels of miR-146a and NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated in intestinal tissues. Next, the mechanism by which miR-146a-5p regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation was explored in vitro in THP-1 cells. Finally, to identify the effects of miR-146a-5p on NEC in vivo, NEC mice were transinfected with miR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus before the occurrence of NEC.Results: NLRP3 inflammasome enzymatic protein caspase-1 and its downstream inflammatory factors increased in NEC intestinal samples in both humans and mice, and miR-146a-5p expression level was increased and mainly expressed in the macrophages of the affected intestine. In vitro, only miR-146a-5p mimic inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and its upstream protein chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) expression in cellular membrane in the THP-1 cell line, and this only occurred under mild/moderate LPS concentration. MiR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus transfection reduced CLIC4 cellular membrane expression and inhibited NLRP3 downstream factors increasing in vivo. After the transfection of miR-146a-5p adenovirus, the survival rate of NEC mice was increased, and intestinal injury was ameliorated.Conclusion: MiR-146a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and CLIC4 membrane expression in NEC. Additionally, miR-146a-5p could attenuate inflammation and intestinal injury in the NEC-affected intestine.
Representative Pores: An Efficient Method to Characterize Activated Carbons
Authors: de Oliveira Jose Carlos Alexandre , Galdino Ana Luisa , Gonçalves Daniel V , Silvino Pedro F. G. , Cavalcante Celio L. , Bastos-Neto Moises , Azevedo Diana C.S. , Lucena Sebastiao M. P. 
Published: January 2021

We propose a pore size analysis methodology for carbonaceous materials that reduces complexity while maintaining the significant elements of the structure-property relationship. This method chooses a limited number of representative pores, which will constitute a simplified kernel to describe the pore size distribution (PSD) of an activated carbon. In this study we use the representative pore sizes of 7.0, 8.9, 18.5, and 27.9 Å and N2 isotherms at 77.4 K to determine the PSD which is later applied to predict the adsorption equilibrium of other gases. In this study we demonstrate the ability to predict adsorption of different gas molecules on activated carbon from the PSD generated with representative pores (PSDrep). The methodology allows quick solutions for large-scale calculations for carbonaceous materials screening, in addition to make accessible an easily understood and prompt evaluation of the structure-property relationship of activated carbons. In addition to the details of the methodology already tested in different fields of application of carbonaceous materials, we present a new application related to the removal of organic contaminants in dilute aqueous solutions.
Copper Recovery From Ammonia Solutions Through Electro-Electrodialysis (EED)
Authors: Garrido Belen , Cifuentes Gerardo , Fredes Pedro , Pino Eduardo , Calderón Cristian , Cifuentes-Cabezas Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

Alkaline leaching with highly selective ammoniacal complexing agents is an interesting alternative for the treatment of copper concentrates. This treatment is beneficial for copper recovery because it allows the formation of soluble amines complexes, with cupric tetramine ( Cu(NH3)42+) being the most stable. In order to suppress the unit operation of solvent extraction (SX) and move directly to the electrochemical process, an electro-electrodialysis (EED) process using ion exchange membranes to obtain copper is proposed. The study contemplates the operation with synthetic ammonia solutions containing copper at different concentrations and current density under standard conditions of pressure and temperature. The presented data demonstrate that the concentration of copper in the solution and the excess of ammonia are inversely related to the efficiency of the current and the voltage of the cell, whereas an increase in current density causes an increase in current efficiency, contrary to what happens in sulfuric systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Chiral Tröger’s Base Phenhomazine Candidates as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Ibrahim Alhussein A. , Ali Korany A. , Hafez Naglaa A. Abdel , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Mohamed Khalid M. H. , Hosni Hanaa M. , Amr Abd El-Galil E. , Elsayed Elsayed A. 
Published: January 2021

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa[10](2,8)trögerophane 5 was synthesized from its corresponding precursors. Heating of 2 with p-nitrophenoxide afforded bis(p-nitrophenyl)ether 3, which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to give bis(p-aminophenyl)ether 4. Treatment of 4 with paraformaldehyde and triflouroacetic anhydride gave trögerophane 5. Reaction of 5 with trifluroacetic anhydride afforded phenhomazine derivative 6, which was treated with potassium carbonate to afford tetrahydrophenhomazine 7. Finally, reaction of 7 with phenacylchloride, bromoacetic acid, or ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of triethyl amine under reflux, afforded the corresponding macrocyclic compounds 8, 9 and 10, respectively. The synthesized trögerophane,precursors and its newly synthesized phenhomazines derivatives were screened for anticancer activity. Results revealed that 1,4,7,10-tetraoxa[10](2,8)trögerophane had a promising selectivity towards colon cancer cell line with an IC50 of 92.7 µg/ml.
Tsunami Hazard Evaluation for the Head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba, Northeastern Red Sea
Authors: Salamon Amos , Frucht Eran , Ward Steven N. , Gal Erez , Grigorovitch Marina , Shem-Tov Rachamim , Calvo Ran , Ginat Hanan 
Published: January 2021

Unique geological and seismotectonic settings may trigger a multicascading hazard and should be identified beforehand. Such is the head of the Gulf of Elat–Aqaba (HGEA) at the northeastern end of the Red Sea where its geology, tectonics, bathymetry, and earthquake and tsunami history exhibit clear potential for earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami generation. We thus investigated the possible tsunamigenic sources in the gulf and evaluated the resulting hazard at the HGEA. First, we assembled a bathymetric grid and adopted GeoClaw software to simulate most of the earthquake-tsunami scenarios. Next, we resolved the scheme of the largest possible tsunamigenic earthquakes along the deep basins of the Gulf of Elat (GEA) and the associated Dead Sea rift valley, as well as the potential tsunamigenic submarine landslides in the HGEA. The use of GeoClaw was verified against the 1995 tsunami generated by the Nuweiba Mw 7.2 earthquake, and then operated to simulate a suite of earthquake scenarios. Results showed that the marginal faults of Elat Basin pose the highest tsunami hazard to the Israeli part of the HGEA. To better assess that hazard, we screened the geology and seismotectonics of the HGEA and found that the Elat normal fault presents the worst-case scenario for Elat city. It is capable of generating a multicascading threat of earthquake and submarine-landslide tsunami, local subsidence that can increase inundation, and above all, destructive ground motion. Scenarios of a tsunami caused by the worst-case earthquake on the Elat fault simulated by GeoClaw and Ward’s (Tsunami, The encyclopedia of solid earth geophysics. 2011, 1473–1493) approach, and submarine landslide in the HGEA simulated by Wang et al.’s (Geophys. J. Int., 2015, 201, 1534–1544) ‘Tsunami Squares’ approach, demonstrated waves as high as 4 m along these coasts. Accordingly, we constructed a map of the evacuation zone. We also show that strong ground-shaking and retreat of the sea at the HGEA should be considered a tsunami warning, although false alarms are inevitable. Furthermore, tsunami hazard exists all along the gulf and further assessments are needed to quantify this hazard and increase awareness among the area's population.
Cytokine Signature Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Mouse Model
Authors: Gu Tingxuan , Zhao Simin , Jin Guoguo , Song Mengqiu , Zhi Yafei , Zhao Ran , Ma Fayang , Zheng Yaqiu , Wang Keke , Liu Hui , Xin Mingxia , Han Wei , Li Xiang , Dong Christopher D. , Liu Kangdong , Dong Zigang 
Published: January 2021

Although COVID-19 has become a major challenge to global health, there are currently no efficacious agents for effective treatment. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which contributes to most COVID-19 mortalities. Research points to interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a crucial signature of the cytokine storm, and the clinical use of the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab shows potential for treatment of COVID-19 patient. In this study, we challenged wild-type and adenovirus-5/human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-expressing BALB/c mice with a combination of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike-extracellular domain protein. High levels of TNF-α and nearly 100 times increased IL-6 were detected at 6 h, but disappeared by 24 h in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following immunostimulant challenge. Lung injury observed by histopathologic changes and magnetic resonance imaging at 24 h indicated that increased TNF-α and IL-6 may initiate CSS in the lung, resulting in the continual production of inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesize that TNF-α and IL-6 may contribute to the occurrence of CSS in COVID-19. We also investigated multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and inhibitors for neutralizing the pro-inflammatory phenotype of COVID-19: mAbs against IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and inhibitors of p38 and JAK partially relieved CSS; mAbs against IL-6, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, and inhibitors of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and myeloperoxidase somewhat reduced neutrophilic alveolitis in the lung. This novel murine model opens a biologically safe, time-saving avenue for clarifying the mechanism of CSS/ARDS in COVID-19 and developing new therapeutic drugs.
C-Reactive Protein Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Are Modulated by the Interferon Gene Signature and CRP Gene Polymorphism rs1205
Authors: Enocsson Helena , Gullstrand Birgitta , Eloranta Maija-Leena , Wetterö Jonas , Leonard Dag , Rönnblom Lars , Bengtsson Anders A. , Sjöwall Christopher 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often display modest elevations of C-reactive protein (CRP) despite raised disease activity and increased interleukin (IL-) 6. We asked to what extent IL-6 levels, the CRP polymorphism rs1205, and the type I interferon (IFN) gene signature affects the basal CRP levels in patients with SLE during a quiescent phase of the disease.MethodsCRP and IL-6 were analyzed in plasma from 57 patients meeting established classification criteria for SLE. The CRP polymorphism rs1205 was assessed and gene expression analyzed including four type I IFN-regulated genes (IGS).ResultsCRP was increased in patients with detectable IL-6 levels (p=0.001) and decreased among IGS-positive subjects (p=0.033). A multiple linear regression model revealed IL-6 to have a positive association with CRP levels, whereas both IGS-positivity and CRP genotype (rs1205) AA/GA were negatively associated with CRP-levels.ConclusionOur data offer an explanation to the modest CRP levels seen in viral infections and IFN-α driven autoimmunity and corroborate prior observations showing an IFN-α dependent downregulation of CRP. The latter observation, together with the fact that the CRP-lowering polymorphism rs1205 is overrepresented in human SLE, could explain low basal CRP and inadequate CRP-responses among patients with active SLE.
Gut Microbiota Profiles and Microbial-Based Therapies in Post-operative Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhuang Xiaojun , Tian Zhenyi , Li Na , Mao Ren , Li Xiaozhi , Zhao Min , Xiong Shanshan , Zeng Zhirong , Feng Rui , Chen Minhu 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims: Gut microbiota recolonization after intestinal resection had been reported to be associated with post-operative recurrence in Crohn's disease (CD). However, the results of different studies are inconsistent and even contradictory. In addition, knowledge on the efficacy of microbial-based therapies in preventing post-operative recurrence of CD is limited. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate gut microbiota profiles in patients with CD before and after surgery and evaluate microbial-based therapies in preventing post-operative recurrence.Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception to 31 June 2020 using predefined terms. Studies that investigated gut microbiota pre- and post-intestinal resection, and microbial-based therapies in preventing post-operative recurrence, were eligible. Study quality was assessed using either the Newcastle–Ottawa scale or Jadad scoring system.Results: Twelve studies investigating gut microbiota of CD patients suffering from operation, and other 12 studies evaluating the efficacy of antibiotics and probiotics, were included in our review. The mucosa-associated microbiota in surgical biopsy of CD patients is significantly distinct from that in normal mucosa from healthy subjects. Gut microbiota recolonization following surgery might be associated with post-operative recurrence in CD patients. Furthermore, CD patients with post-operative recurrence presented a gain in pro-inflammatory pathogenic bacteria and a loss in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria before and after surgery. However, no consistent bacteria or metabolites were found to predict the post-operative recurrence of CD. Additionally, microbial-based therapies are deficient and present restricted widespread clinical utility due to several deficiencies.Conclusion: Recurrence-associated bacteria observed pre- and post- operation might be promising in preventing the post-operative recurrence of CD. Furthermore, potential microbe biomarkers for predicting subsequent disease recurrence should be validated with larger sample sizes using more rigorous and standardized methodologies.
Risk Factors for Residual Stenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Tao Yunlu , Hua Yang , Jia Lingyun , Jiao Liqun , Liu Beibei 
Published: January 2021

Background and purpose: Stent residual stenosis is an independent risk factor for restenosis after stenting. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing residual stenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Methods: A total of 570 patients who underwent CAS with 159 closed-loop stents (CLS) and 411 open-loop stents (OLS) from January 2013 to January 2016 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Carotid stenosis location in the common carotid artery or in internal carotid artery, plaque size, and features (regular or irregular morphology; with or without calcification), degree of carotid artery stenosis, and stent expansion rate were detected by carotid duplex ultrasonography. Residual stenosis was defined as a stenosis rate ≥30% after CAS, as detected by digital subtraction angiography. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze residual stenosis risk factors.Results: The overall incidence of residual stenosis was 22.8% (130/570 stents). The incidence of residual stenosis in the CLS group was higher than that in the OLS group (29.5 vs. 20.2%, χ2 = 5.71, P = 0.017). The logistic regression analysis showed that CLS [odds ratio (OR), 1.933; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.009–3.702], irregular plaques (OR, 4.237; 95% CI, 2.391–7.742), and plaques with calcification (OR, 2.370; 95% CI, 1.337–4.199) were independent risk factors for residual stenosis after CAS. In addition, a high radial expansion rate of stent was a protective factor for residual stenosis (OR, 0.171; 95% CI, 0.123–0.238). The stenosis location and stent length did not impact the occurrence of residual stenosis. After 1-year follow-up, the incidence of restenosis in the residual stenosis group was higher than that in the group without residual stenosis (13.1 vs. 2.0%, χ2 = 28.05, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that plaque morphology, echo characteristics (with calcification), and stents type influence residual stenosis.