bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mice and rats have different responses to abdominal aorta constriction
Authors: Prado Cibele M. , Blefari Valdecir , Ribeiro Mayara S. , Celes Mara RN , Freitas Ana CS , Malvestio Lygia M , Campos Erica C , Ferezin Patricia , Jelicks Linda A , Tanowitz Herbert B , Rossi Marcos A 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundConstriction of the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm is postulated as an experimental model of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. The increased blood pressure proximal to the constriction works as a stimulus for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. The objective of this study was to compare different degrees of abdominal aortic constriction in mice and rats in relation to the production of cardiac hypertrophy.Material/MethodsC57BL/6 and Swiss mice and Wistar rats were used. The aorta was constricted with a ligature of 6.0 silk (mice) or 4.0 cotton (rats) thread around the probe, which was immediately removed after the constriction. Different calibers of probes were used to produce different degrees of constriction. The animals were killed 30, 45, 60 and 75 days post surgery (dps) and the aorta and hearts collected.Results/ConclusionsMice=the probes 0.50 and 0.45 mm produced 65% and 68%, respectively, of aorta constriction and produced hypertrophy only at 60 and 75 dps. The probe 0.40 mm produced 80% of constriction and produced hypertrophy only at 45/60/75 dps. The probe 0.30 mm killed all the animals 24h after surgery. Rats=the probes 0.80 and 0.70 mm produced 71% and 80%, respectively, of constriction and produced hypertrophy after 30 dps. Mice are more resistant and need more time to develop cardiac hypertrophy as compared to rats when submitted to abdominal aorta constriction.Grant Funding Source: FAPESP, CNPq, FOGARTY
Autotaxin, a potent inducer of cell motility and differentiation, is differentially expressed in visceral and parietal mesothelia
Authors: Shelton Elaine L. , Hong Charles C. , Bader David M. 
Published: June 2021

The serosal mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelium lining the body cavity. It can be divided into two categories: visceral mesothelium covering abdominal organs including the omentum and parietal mesothelium lining the peritoneal wall. Earlier investigations considered visceral and parietal mesothelia the same cell type. Indeed, these tissues are continuous and share similar expression of mesothelial marker genes. However, we report a microarray analysis of murine visceral and parietal mesothelia where over 35,000 genes were differentially expressed. Specifically, Autotaxin (Atx) was expressed significantly higher in visceral versus parietal mesothelium. Atx is a secreted glycoprotein that is responsible for production of Lysophosphatidic acid (Lpa), promotes cell motility, cell survival, and angiogenesis, and has been identified as an important mediator of tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate visceral mesothelium migrates and differentiates into smooth muscle more readily than parietal mesothelium. Addition of Atx to parietal cells induces “visceral‐like” migration and differentiation. Finally, we identified several novel small organic molecule inhibitors of Lpa that repress Atx‐induced motility and differentiation. Importantly, as Atx plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, these inhibitors may represent new therapeutic agents for a variety of cancers including mesothelioma.Grant Funding Source: NIH
A Novel Staging System to Assess the Severity of Colorectal Polyposis in Patients with FAP
Authors: Lu Zhen Arthur , Hawk Ernest , Lynch Patrick , Patterson Sherrie 
Published: June 2021

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), a genetic disease that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, is caused by a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene. One of the hallmarks of this disease is the formation of benign outgrowths known as polyps on the linings of the large intestines and rectum. Although non‐malignant, early presentation of polyps in the colon have been shown to increase the risk of colon cancer by the age of 40 to nearly 100%. As a result, surgeons have traditionally opted to remove the affected colon and/or rectum in an attempt to mitigate the morbidity and early mortality associated with FAP. With the availability of mutational testing and genetic counseling, patients suspected of having FAP are being monitored much earlier on than before. The presence of a known APC mutation can be detected when the patient is as young as 10 – 14 years old. This, coupled with a deeper understanding of genetics, disease progression, and chemo‐interventions such as omega‐3 and COX‐2 inhibitors provides clinicians with a better arsenal of adjunctive care strategies besides surgery to manage the disease. Progressively, patients and their families have opted to defer or, ideally, prevent surgery for the sake of psychological effects and the maturity of the patient at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it becomes necessary to establish a universal staging system to assess the disease severity of FAP in the colon and rectum so that both doctors and patients can objectively monitor the disease progression to decide upon the most effective and appropriate treatment strategies. Disease severity will be quantified by a numerical from 0–4 depending on the quantity and size of the polyps. Based off the objective score, a specific treatment will be prescribed with surgery for the most severe cases, and routine check‐up for more moderate cases.Grant Funding Source: AAA
Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Authors: ran jianhua , He Guiqiong , Sun Shanquan 
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the inhibited effect and possible mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on cyst development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in vitro. The Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cyst model was established to evaluate the inhibition activity of drug. Cell cytotoxicity and proliferation were detected by MTT assay and Cell Counting Kit (CCK) assay. Ras/MAPK signaling pathway‐related proteins was examined by Western blot. Results showed that the cyst inhibition of tetramethylpyrazine (IC50=0.158 ¦ÌM) with dose‐response relationship. Tetramethylpyrazine prevented forskolin‐promoted MDCK cell abnormal proliferation mainly by decreasing expression of B‐Raf and increasing expression of Raf‐1 to regulate level of p‐ERK at testing concentrations with no apparent toxicity. These results suggest that tetramethylpyrazine might be developed as novel candidate drugs for the treatment or mechanism study of ADPKD.Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500171), and the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTC2010BB5098).
Satellite cell pool size expansion is affected by skeletal muscle characteristics
Authors: Macaluso Filippo , Brooks Naomi E , Niesler Carola U , Myburgh Kathy H 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the change of satellite cells (SC) pool size after an acute bout of strenuous exercise and to determine whether this is affected by baseline SC count and fiber type.Participants completed 40min (5 × 8 bouts, 2 min rest) downhill running (DHR) at 80% VO2max at −10% gradient. Muscle biopsy was taken a week before VO2max test and 7–9 days after DHR. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase activities (CK) were measured on d1, d2 d7, and d9 after the DHR bout. Satellite cells were analyzed with Pax7 and laminin immunohistochemistry staining.DOMS and CK increased 1 day after DHR (P < 0.01) and returned to baseline. SC pool size was increased by 26% 7–9 days after the exercise intervention (P = 0.005). SC count after the acute exercise intervention was significantly correlated with VO2max (P = 0.03). A trend was seen in correlation between change in SC and percentage MHC type II (P = 0.10).This study reports that 7–9 days after a single bout of DHR, the SC pool expands and the expansion extent is associated with inter‐individual physiological characteristics: VO2max and with a tendency, skeletal muscle fiber type.Grant Funding Source : Claude Leon Foundation, NRF (National Research Foundation)
Transient exposure to hydrogen peroxide inhibits degradation of phosphorylated IκBα
Authors: Lee Yeji , Choi Jin , Jue Dae-myung 
Published: June 2021

NF‐κB is a family of transcription factors involved in many cellular functions, such as cell survival, proliferation, chronic inflammation, and stress responses. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) has been implicated as a modulator of NF‐κB activity in various cell types. However the effect of ROS on NF‐κB is controversial. We studied the effect of transient oxidative stress on TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activation in HEK293 cell. Transient exposure of H2O2 caused significant decrease in expression of NF‐κB reporter gene, 15~30 min delay of IκBα degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, but had no effect on IκBα phosphorylation and IκB kinase activity. Expression of NF‐κB reporter gene induced by TNFα was also delayed by H2O2 with a lag of 3 hr compared with TNFα‐stimulated control cell. Our results showed that transient exposure to oxidative stress inhibits degradation of phosphorylated IκBα while it does not modulate IκB phosphorylation by IκB kinase.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2011‐0024179)
HSP90 Interaction with eNOS and nNOS
Authors: Ghosh Dipak Kumar , Chrestensen Carol , McMury Jonathan L , Salerno John C 
Published: June 2021

HSP90s are multi‐function chaperonins expressed at high levels in mammalian cells; homologues are important in most eukaryotes. HSP90s have a broad range of client proteins, and have been implicated in protein folding, and many proteins are stabilized by interaction with HSP90. HSP90 recognizes early stages denaturation and prevents the formation of large aggregates, allowing clients to regain native conformation. The HSP90‐client complex also includes the P23 co‐chaperone, a small heat shock protein. Binding is ATP independent, but HSP90 has significant ATPase activity connected with client release.Binding of eNOS and nNOS to HSP90 can be observed using interferometric methods. Both eNOS and nNOS bind to immobilized HSP90 with moderate affinity (~200–500 nmolar). Both isoforms have a complex report of binding. Above Kd, both bind with near diffusion limited rates, and both show a second slow phase during which the shift of the interference pattern is significantly reduced, implying either release or a major conformational change while bound to the sensor. HSP90 is a potent activator of both cytochrome c reduction and NO synthesis in both isoforms. This can be explained at the molecular level by changes in population of enzyme conformations. eNOS and nNOS have three major FMN fluorescence lifetime states corresponding to FMN‐FAD, FMN‐heme, and essentially non interacting configurations. Like calmdodulin, HSP90 releases the FMN binding domain from a tight complex with the dehydrogenase domains of NOS, promoting the longer lived states at the expense of the short lived (90ps) FMN‐FAD pair of the input state. HSP90‐NOS interactions revealed via fluorescence exhibit temporal fluctuations reminiscent of the complex report of binding, and are responsive to ATP.
The JAK kinase Tyk2 and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) are required for Brown Adipose Tissue Differentiation
Authors: Larner Andrew Charles , Derecka Marta , Gornicka Agnieszka , Szczepanek Karol , Morgan Magdalena , Raje Vidisha , Sisler Jennifer , Keller Susanna 
Published: June 2021

Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and Alzheimer's disease are some of the numerous disorders associated with the obesity epidemic. Two functionally different types of fat that maintain energy balance contribute to the development of obesity. White adipose (WAT) is the primary site of energy storage, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for energy expenditure in a process termed thermogenesis.We have made the novel observations that mice which do not express the Jak tyrosine kinase Tyk2 become obese with age, and Tyk2 is required for BAT differentiation. In addition to Tyk2, expression of the constitutively active form of the transcription factor Stat3, (CAStat3) restores BAT differentiation and the expression of BAT‐specific genes in Tyk2−/−‐preadipocytes as well as Tyk2−/− mice that express CAStat3 in BAT. In contrast, disruption of Stat3 expression in Tyk2+/+ preadipocytes prevents proper development of brown adipocytesExpression of CEBP/B and PRDM16, a master‐regulator of BAT differentiation, restores BAT differentiation in Tyk2−/− preadipocytes. Consistent with the observation that Stat3 and PRDM16 form a complex with C/EBPB□ Stat3 is also required for CEBP/B and PRDM16 mediated differentiation of brown adipocytes.. These studies define a novel role for the tyrosine kinase Tyk2 and Stat3 as determinants of brown fat‐lineage.
Identification of target proteins of shear stress‐related miRNAs in endothelial cells
Authors: Park Yoonsun , Kang Dong-Hoon , Son Dongju , Jo Hanjoong , Kang Sang Won 
Published: June 2021

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that occurs preferentially at particular areas of disturbed flow characterized by low and oscillatory wall shear stress (OS) in branched or curved arteries. In contrast, straight arterial regions are exposed to high and stable laminar shear stress(LS) and are well protected from atherosclerosis.To understand the molecular mechanisms by which shear stress elicits proatherogenic phenotype, we have performed miRNA microarray using in vitro cone and plate model and in vivo mouse partial carotid artery ligation model. As a result, we identified miR663 and miR712 wasas the most induced miRNAs in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) and mouse aortic endothelial cells(MAECs).Furthermore, we employed 2D‐DIGE in order to identify the target genes that are regulated by shear sensitive miR663 and miR712. As a result, in HUVECs, we were able to find 4 spots from soluble fraction(S‐100), and 3 spots from heavy membrane(HM) fraction, and 2 spots from light membrane(LM) fraction, which were downregulated upon pre‐miR 663 overexpression by minimum fold of 1.2. And in MAECs we found 4 spots from HM fraction which were upregulated upon anti miR712 LNA by minimum fold of 1.2. The proteins were analyzed further by mass spectrometry.Therefore the proteomic technology allowed as to identify novel targets of miRNA in endothelial cells.
Differential effects of radio frequency magnetic fields in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Martino Carlos F , Portelli Lucas , Ackerman Gail , Barnes Frank 
Published: June 2021

Differential effects of RF magnetic fields in vitro and in vivoBackgroundThe present study investigates effects of radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields in the range 1–15 MHz on growth of cancer cells in vitro and in mice models. Most biomolecules have hyperfine splitting constants ranging from 0.1–10 MHz, which gives the basis for the chosen frequencies.MethodsFor in vitro experiments, fibrosarcoma cell line was treated 15 minutes a day with a combination of magnetic fields: 45 μT static fields in perpendicular and at 40 degrees to an RF signal. The exposures to an RF signal ranging from 5–10 MHz were conducted at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.2 W/kg using continuous waves (CW). For in vivo experiments, mice with fibrosarcoma and pancreatic tumors were exposed continuously to low‐level static magnetic fields (0.5–2 μT) and a combination of 45 μT static fields in perpendicular to 10 MHz. All controls were exposed to the geomagnetic field (45 μT).ResultsA growth response curve as a function of SAR level is obtained indicating distinct effects for the SAR range used: inhibition of cellular proliferation is obtained for SAR level of 0.001 W/kg; SAR levels of 0.05 and 0.2 W/kg enhances proliferation in vitro. In vivo, 10 MHz magnetic fields inhibit tumor growth in mice as much as 35 percent on day 18 of exposure.ConclusionWe have shown that even a physically weak magnetic field can alter cellular growth. RF magnetic fields modulated proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The exposure levels were below standard threshold levels for thermal effects due to electromagnetic radiation.
Nutritional Status for less‐explored micronutrients in underprivileged Guatemalan preschool children: Vitamin B12
Authors: Hernández Liza , Solomons Noel W , Romero-Abal María-Eugenia , de María Gamero Flor , Paul Ligi , Selhub Jacob , Bonorden Melissa J.L. , Herreid Richard M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIron, vitamin A, iodine, zinc and folate are prominent on the public health nutrition agenda. Marginal or deficient vit B12 status was reported in 68% of peri‐urban Guatemalan lactating mothers and 49% of the infants.ObjectiveTo assess vit B12 status in a convenience sample of 3–6 y/o preschoolers in disadvantaged urban and rural communities receiving subsidized meals.Methods104 serum samples were obtained from boys and girls in 3 sites in the Central Highlands of Guatemala, 47 from 2 urban (U) centers and 57 from a rural (R) center. Circulating levels of vit B12 were measured by a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (Immulite 1000, Siemens, IL). Respective cutoff criteria for deficient and marginal for vit B12 were <200 pg/mL and 200–300 ng/mL. The contribution of dietary vit B12 from center menus was estimated.ResultsOverall mean vit B12 concentration (pg/mL) was 459±271 (median: 357): 583±294 (median: 527)(U) and 339±181 (median: 289)(R) (p<0.001). Globally, 8.6% had deficient and 26.9% had marginal values, for a 35.6% subnormal prevalence. Deficient plus marginal rates by setting were 10.6% (U) and 56.0% (R), respectively, with all 9 deficient subjects of rural origin. The 1 or 2 meals offered by the centers provided averages of 0.15 – 1.50 μg vit B12/d.ConclusionSlightly over one‐third of preschoolers had low vit B12 status, with a marked excess of low status in the rural setting.
Effects of Mungbean extract and Mungbean tesa extract on adipogenesis and obesity‐related inflammation in vitro 3T3L1 cells and in vivo KK‐Ay mice
Authors: Kang Inhae , Chang E , Yang SJ , Quan ZJ , Park MY , Choi MJ , Kim JI , Wi HR , Choi SL , Lee M 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with increased metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, type2 DM. The Mungbean(MB) is known as lower Glycemic Index containing food thereby decrease lipid profiles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of MB on adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. The isolated component from MB was treated in dose dependent in 3T3‐L1. Treatment was for 7 days from differentiation induction to fully adipocyte differentiation. Compared to vehicle, lipid accumulation was significantly lower in dose dependent manner. To investigate anti‐obesity, anti‐diabetic effects of MB, MB testa in vivo, we used type2 diabetic model, KK‐Ay mice. MB extract(MBE), MB testa extract(MBT) were orally administrated for 4wks with 60% highfat diet. First of all, AST, ALT were not different compared to the control. Two extract of MBE, MBT significantly lowered IL‐6 levels in plasma but lowered TNF‐a in muscle. Since PPAR¥ã, ACC, C/EBP¥á and AMPK gene expression was decreased by two extracts compared to control and Metformin treated group, MBE, MBT inhibited metabolism of adipogenesis in liver. Most important results was that MBE, MBT reduced epididymal fat weight and reduced those gene expression. In conclusion, MB exerts an anti‐obesity, anti‐diabetic effects. This work is supported by Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(PJ907089)Grant Funding Source: Agriculture Science&Technology Development, Korea, Republic of
Nutritional status, risky eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction in a population of Mexican artisans
Authors: Parra Alicia , Perez-Lizaur Ana , Masliah Carmen , Velasco Thalia 
Published: June 2021

Iberomericana University promotes the exchange of products manufactured by artisans from various ethnic groups in Mexico.ObjectiveTo evaluate nutritional status, risky eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction in 72 Mexican artisans (27.7% male, 72.2% women, mean age 40.6 years).MethodsStandardized personal determined % fat and weight (Inbody 720), BMI, capillary glucose (GlucoLab Infopia), and blood pressure ( Genmed aneroid baumanometer ). A brief questionnaire for Risk of Eating Behaviors (CAR), which has been previously validated in Mexican population was applied; to assess body dissatisfaction a discrepancy score was calculated using the actual‐desired body figure using Stunkard figures.Results40.27% normal weight, 38.88% overweight, 19.44% obesity and 1.38% underweight, 18.5% hypertension, 54.9% glucose≥ 100 <125 mg / dl, 11.1% diabetes; 48.6% waist circumference at high risk for metabolic syndrome (SSA criteria Mexico). The CAR shows that 12.5% of the participants had moderate risk and 1.3% high risk of eating disorders; 27.7% of participants are satisfied with their body shape, 12.5% want a smaller figure and 59.7% would like a bigger figure.Conclusionthe population has a high risk for metabolic syndrome and a different body size desire in opposition with occidental body model.
Metabolically healthy overweight/obese premenopausal women benefit from a diet and exercise weight loss intervention
Authors: Durward Carrie M , Shlisky Julie D , Zack Melissa K , Nickols-Richardson Sharon M 
Published: June 2021

Body weight (BW) loss is recommended for overweight/obese individuals to lower disease risk, but some clinicians question whether BW loss is necessary for those who are metabolically healthy (MH). In this secondary data analysis from a 6‐mo diet and exercise intervention, women who followed 1 of 2 diet plans showed improved health outcomes regardless of baseline metabolic health status and diet plan. For comparability with previous work showing increased insulin resistance (IR) with BW loss, metabolic health was defined using homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR) quartiles, with ≥2.8 classifying MH (n=19) and ≤1.33 metabolically unhealthy (MU, n=20). Health markers were measured at wks 0, 12, and 24 and repeated measures MANCOVA identified significant changes. Over 12 wks of BW loss, MH and MU, respectively, decreased BW (mean±SD, −5.5±4.1; −7.2±5.0 kg; p≤.001), BMI (−2.0±1.5; −2.5±1.7 kg/m2; p≤.001), waist circumference (−5.3±3.6; −5.9±3.5 cm; p≤.002), body fat % (−3.6±3.3; −3.4±2.6 %; p≤.05), and triglyceride (−15.4±34.6; −34.4±37.9 mg/dL; p≤.05); these changes were maintained for 12 wks of BW loss maintenance. MU also decreased and then maintained HOMA‐IR (−1.7±1.9; p≤.05) and insulin (−7.1±8.9 μIU/mL; p≤.05). A diet and exercise intervention resulting in BW loss can improve health markers in MH and MU women.Grant Funding Source : The Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition, General Mills Inc