bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of pyrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Handoko Slamet , Nurhadi N. , mujiati Sri , Fitriani Rachma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is a waste product in the palm oil industry. Currently, EFB has not been optimally utilized because of its low calorific value. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of EFB conversion into solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil), and synthesis gas (syngas). The experiment was carried out in the batch process at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 600°C (heating rate of 60°C/min). Biochar was cooled and analyzed its proximate, ultimate, and calorific value. The volatile matter of pyrolysis product was passed through a condenser so that bio-oil and water were condensed and separated based on density difference. Bio-oil was analyzed by fractionation based on its boiling point. The syngas composition was analyzed by using GC. The proximate analysis results of biochar, such as inherent moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, are 6.24%, 26.30%, 14.14%, and 53.32%. Meanwhile, the ultimate analysis of biochar showing the composition of C, H, O, S, and N is 55.76%, 2.92%, 12.5%, 0.34%, and 2.18%, respectively. The biochar calorific value is 4,966 kcal/kg adb, showing a similar characteristic to sub-bituminous coal, suggesting that biochar can be utilized as a coal substitution to reduce the CO2 emission on Electric Steam Power Plant. Bio-oil fractionation showed that the initial boiling point (IBP) temperature started at 67.8°C, and the final boiling point (FBP) temperature at 666.8°C. The largest fraction was kerosene (36.2%) and diesel, indicating that bio-oil can be processed further into fuel oil. Syngas analysis results showed that the main gas compositions are CH4 (13 – 17% vol), H2 (28 – 33% vol), CO (17 – 26% vol), and CO2 gases (16 – 31% vol) with a calorific value of 2,600 – 3,300 Kcal/Nm3. Some alternatives to syngas utilization are as a source of pyrolysis energy and for chemicals syntheses such as methanol and DME.
The Impact of Flooding on Settlement Along the Jangkok River Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Rahadiati A , Munawaroh  , Suryanegara E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Floods are natural disasters that have harmed populations in several places in the world. Flooding in urban areas can be caused by coastal floods or river floods. One of the flood-prone areas in Lombok is the Jangkok River, the largest rivers that cross the city of Mataram. Floods have consequences that impact the social and economic activities. Direct impacts of flooding can include damage to property and infrastructure, especially in the settlement area. The purposes of this research are to analyze the flood-prone areas and to build a flood modeling of the Jangkok River. The data used for the analysis combined a topographic map scale 1:5.000, DEM LiDAR, land system, and rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The result shows that along the Jangkok River at a distance of 100 m estimated as the flood-prone areas. River flood modeling shows settlements have very high potential affected by floods caused by overflowing water from the Jangkok River. Modeling of flood inundation for the return period of 10 years, 50 years, and 100 years shows that the area of inundated settlements periodically expands the flooded area of 70.95 ha, 97.17 ha, and 108.41 ha. This study is expected to be an input to improve the preparation of disaster mitigation-based spatial planning in many coastal cities in Indonesia.
Development of Empirical Model of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) by using Landsat 8 on the Coast of Bekasi Regency
Authors: Adawiah S W , Setiawan K T , Parwati E , Faristyawan R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Coastal area is transitional areas between terrestrial and marine ecosystems which are still affected by changes on land and in the sea. Various activities carried out on the coast make this area vulnerable to environmental changes that originate from natural phenomena and human activities. The north coast of Bekasi is prone to water quality degradation due to its proximity to Jakarta Bay and the mouth of the Citarum River to the Java Sea. The decline in the quality of Bekasi coastal waters can be measured by several parameters such as salinity, turbidity, brightness, chlorophyll concentration and Total Suspended Solid (TSS), the presence of organic or inorganic material. Landsat 8 can estimate the concentration and distribution of TSS spatially and temporally. This study aims to develop an empirical model for estimating TSS concentrations in the coastal area of Bekasi Regency by using Landsat 8 data. This method used a combination regression from five channels. The results showed there are four empirical models with a value of R2 of 0.5. The calculation of the accuracy value using RMSE is still high, which is around 100, but the construction of this model is better than the previous algorithm. Another alternative is to use multiple linear regression to see the relationship between the interaction variables of each band and the TSS concentration.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera Hydrolysate with Bioinformatics Analysis (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances – PASS)
Authors: Riyadi PH , Romadhon  , Anggo AD , Suharto S , Tanod WA , Aryani A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production in Indonesia for 5 (five) years has increased by 18%. Increased production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) will result in an increase in fish waste and by-products, such as viscera, skin, bones, and scales. This waste can have an impact on environmental, health, social, and economic problems if not appropriately managed. Hydrolysis technology can turn viscera tilapia waste into more useful hydrolysate. This article aims to obtain a profile of the potential hydrolysates of tilapia viscera as an anti-inflammatory by bioinformatics analysis. The material used in this study was tilapia viscera waste. The waste is then hydrolyzed with alcalase enzyme to produce hydrolysate. LC-HRMS screening shows that there are 99 compounds and eight peptides. PASS analysis is used to predict the potential for biological activity. Most of the total hydrolysate content of tilapia viscera waste has potential biological activity as an anti-inflammatory. These results indicate that tilapia viscera waste hydrolysate has the potential as an anti-inflammatory.
Correlation of phenotype components with yield of promising tungro resistant superior rice lines
Authors: Muazam A , Praptana R H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe assembly of new high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties is one of the efforts to increase the rice production and productivity in Indonesia. New site-specific varieties that match farmer preferences are targeted for plant breeding. The yield test is one of the activities in plant breeding to identify any promising lines that have adaptability to a specific growing environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of the phenotypic components with the yield of the promising superior rice lines which have high yield potential and are resistant to tungro disease. The research was conducted in the tungro endemic area of Lanrang South Sulawesi during the rainy season (MH) December 2017 to March 2018. A total of 20 rice slaves were arranged in an augmented design consisting of 4 blocks, each block there were 5 test lines and 2 comparison varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 7 Lanrang. The components observed included plant height, flowering age, number of panicles, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, yield weight per hectare, clump shape and level of lodging. The results showed that the yields of 10 lines were higher than one or both comparators, namely BP11224F, BP12280-4F-7, BP57964F, BP11206F, BP12280-4F-4, BP12280-3F-16, BP12280-3F-2, BP122803F5, BP11208F-7, and BP12280-3f-13. The value of R = 0.557, which means that there is a strong correlation between the components of growth and the level of yield. The value of R square = 0.310 indicates that the ability of the six growth components were observed affects the rice yield by 31% and there are still 69% other components that affect the yield.
Livestock shortage amidst COVID-19: A case of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Pehin Dato Musa S F , Basir K H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has increased food security risks in many parts of the world due to strict quarantine measures and lockdowns which have affected all stages of food supply chains. Brunei is not an exception. Prior to the pandemic, the poultry sub sector has performed better than others in the agriculture sector and was reportedly able to meet close to 100% of local demand for eggs and chicken. However there have been shortages of meat products such as chicken, lamb and processed meat in Brunei amidst the pandemic. This paper aims to review the contributing factors of these shortages. Some of the factors identified were increased of demand, cost of logistics, and cost of feed and unstable weather caused by climate change. The government has a big task ahead in not only resolving the immediate shortages but also to manage future risks. Farmers and local livestock producers require greater policy support in order to boost local production and effectively address obstacles along the supply chain in a coordinated manner. Local livestock producers must also continuously improve their competitiveness by learning and adopting new technologies in the field of agriculture not just to meet current demands but also for time to come.
Influence of parity and live weight on the concentration of Pregnancy-Specific Protein B (PSPB) in Kedah Kelantan (KK) cattle
Authors: Hanafiah N. A. , Khalif R. A. R. R. , Rusli N. D. , Hasnita C. H. , Rahman M. M. , Mat K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is the protein of binucleated cells in the ruminant’s placenta. It contains several antigenic variants, which contributed to the ability to detect pregnancy from day 20 of pregnancy until parturition. In this research, the main objective is to determine the concentration of PSPB in serum and urine and their relation to Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle’s parity and live weight. Ten cattle (n=10) were selected for this study. The blood serum (2 ml) and urine samples were collected at days 0, 24, 42, and 164 post artificial insemination (AI). All the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. The serum and urine were analyzed with competitive ELISA test kit and read at 450 nm wavelength speed. The standard OD value provided by the kit created the equation to calculate the concentration of PSPB in the serum and blood. Then, the correlation and multiple linear regression of parity and live weight were analyzed with a significant level of P < 0.01. Through the finding, the live weight and parity were positive correlate with PSPB in serum. The relationship between live weight and PSPB concentration in urine showed a negative correlation but there no correlation between parity and PSPB concentration in urine. The regression analysis result was 35% and 36% for PSPB concentration in serum and urine, respectively. This study suggests that cattle parity and live weight did not significantly affect the PSPB concentration.
Quality assessment of ointment incorporated with Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) leaves extract
Authors: Syed Nopal S A , Abdullah N , Abdul Wahab I R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plant based medication is known as one of the alternative methods in wound management with no or less side effects, as well as less expensive. Various products related to wounds are on the market mostly consist of various unnatural chemicals. Previous preliminary study and ethnopharmacological evidence of Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) also showed that the plant is a good candidate to treat wounds. Thus, this project aims to evaluate an ointment incorporated with the P. sarmentosum aqueous extract as an alternative to treat wounds. Two type of ointments; hydrocarbon (oleaginous; ointment 1) and water removeable (oil-in-water; ointment 2) that incorporated with the plant extract were further assessed for its organoleptic, physicochemical properties, as well as its stability at different storage conditions. The findings showed that ointment 1 exhibited good physicochemical properties with a strong scent of extract. However, this ointment did not inhibit E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis in the antimicrobial test. The stability study that carried out for three weeks consecutively showed that ointment 1 (hydrophilic) was stable under chill storage condition (5 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) without phase separation, as well as insignificant change of odour, texture and pH value. However, the formulation was physically unstable at high temperature (45 °C). Meanwhile, ointment 2 (oil-in-water) significantly inhibited E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis possibly due to presence of parabens in the formulation., not melted at high temperature (45 °C), stable in pH, non-greasy and water-washable. However, the formulation was physically unstable, that it showed phase separation after heating, and harden in texture when compared to the commercial healing ointment (Brand: Zam Buk). Findings from this study could be an initial step for the future development of the effective, affordable and safe wound healing medication by related industries.
Space Setting Process in Floating Houses (Rumah Lanting)
Authors: Putro Jawas Dwijo , Zain Zairin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rumah Lanting is a floating construction house that can be found in several areas of West Kalimantan. The dwellers in Rumah Lanting have a favorable ability to adapt to their environment. They have general roles in controlling and adjusting to the changes that occur in their environment. The relationship between behavior and environment determines the adaptation process of the occupants of the floating houses. This research was conducted in the Kapuas Riverside area in the Kapuas Hulu Regency by a descriptive qualitative method. The sample was taken through a Purposive Sampling with the Behavior Mapping technique by schematics and diagrams about an area where humans carry out various activities. This study’s objective is to describe the behavior and the relationship pattern between human behavior to a specific design form. The study found a formulation of behavior and space form of the occupants in the floating houses of Kapuas Hulu Regency. First, the types of occupations affect the intensity of the duration of stay in Rumah Lanting. The duration of hours to do some activities inside the house will obliquely affect the behavior patterns, and those patterns are formulized in the formation as a space setting to the house. Second, the behavior patterns of the occupants create a centralized model of activities by making a space as a flexible and communalize.
Quantifying the Air Temperature Reduction with Greenery in UiTM Shah Alam: A Microscale Study
Authors: Hazeman Muhammad Hamizan , Hashim Nurhanisah , Salim Pauziyah Mohammad , Ibrahim Illyani , Salleh Siti Aekbal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Growth in cities population has caused urban sprawl which is the key factor in the issues of high temperatures as well as UHI in many countries. This issue has affected the urban microclimate as well as the indoor and outdoor conditions of human thermal comfort. This issue is also aggravated by the replacement of natural greenery area with building and other man-made features. For that reason, greening the cities, as part of bioclimatic concept of build environment, could be the way to decrease the outdoor temperature and making the surrounding more comfortable. To understand this issue further, ENVI-met software was used to simulate all activities either natural or man-made to attain accurate prediction and evaluation for microclimate changes in certain area. For this study, the simulations were run in three scenarios of pavement, asphalt pavement without plants (scenario 1), concrete pavement without plants (scenario 2), and asphalt pavement with plants (scenario 3). Plants were design in area surrounding the building and in courtyard consisting of pine trees and hedges of 2 metre height. The result shows that greenery plants can influence air temperature and airflow in the surrounding thus improving thermal comfort in the area. Existing plants can decrease temperature from 0.5°C to 2.3°C and air velocity become slower at 0.05 m/s to 0.15 m/s. Overall, although the changes are at small scale, it is shown that plants are able to improve microclimate surrounding better towards thermal comfort standards.
Derivation of MSL Riverbank Line from UAV DSM Data based on Tidal Slope Analysis
Authors: Mohamad N , Ahmad A , Din A H M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deriving a riverbank line at a tidal river is complicated, since dynamic factors such as tide and slope topography influence its location. Hence, this study utilises the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), geodetic, and tidal data to identify the exact riverbank line based on Mean Sea Level (MSL) value from UAV products. We carried out two epochs of UAV data collection during low and high tide conditions. Orthometric height (H) has been applied in UAV data processing to produce a high accuracy of orthophoto and Digital Surface Model (DSM). UAV-MSL derived riverbank lines have been identified from the UAV orthophoto image using supervised classification and feature extraction techniques. DSM model provides the topographical height in three-dimensional (3D) view and enables identifying low and high tide, MSL, and lowest astronomical tides (LAT) at the riverbank. The study found that UAV-MSL derived riverbank line was identified in between the MSL value (at 2.302 m) and chart datum (at 1.043 m). This study also identified the correlation model, R2 value at 0.9288 between UAV-MSL derived riverbank line with MSL-tide gauge data. This study provides an alternative for researchers to determine riverbank lines based on UAV derived MSL instead of using only tide gauge data.
Towards the Development of Malaysia’s Subsurface Asset Management Framework
Authors: Ariffin Ezam , Amin Zulkarnaini Mat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Underground utility detection survey has been practiced in Malaysia for a long time but it was never regulated. While there are guidelines to govern the practice of utility detection survey, an enabling clause is required to regulate the practice. The aim of this paper is to study the available subsurface asset management framework and to propose a framework for subsurface asset management in Malaysia. The methodology to carry out this research shall involve data collections from stakeholders in the form of interviews, questionnaires and discussions. A case study of an underground utility detection survey shall provide data on the process flow a project which involves stakeholders and the authorities. The final input shall be in the form of intellectual discourses with expert committees related to subsurface utility survey and policy makers. From the findings, it was observed that there were significant discrepancies between the engineering and cadastral survey records. While the engineering survey information related to subsurface utility was up to date, the cadastral survey record was never updated. Furthermore, it was observed that the is no enabling clause in existence to govern the management of subsurface assets. The result of this research is a proposed framework for subsurface asset management based on the data collected. In conclusion, it was recommended for the subsurface asset management framework to be tested in the real working environment and to continue with the efforts to realise the framework.
Landslide Hazard Analysis using Landsat-8 OLI and AHP Technique in Tanjung Bungah, Penang
Authors: Saad N , Bahari N A , Talib N , Zaki N A Mohd , Rasam A R Abdul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Various technique and application have been used in determining the hazard analysis. AHP technique was chosen for this study in effort to find the most factors cause the landslide in the study area. The aim of this study is to determine the factors of landslide hazard using satellite imagery Landsat-8 OLI and Analytic Hierarchy Technique (AHP) in Tanjung Bungah, Penang. This study embarks on three objectives which are to identify the parameter involved in landslide hazard based on surface characteristics, to derive topographical surface from satellite image Landsat 8 OLI in relation of landslide hazard and to determine the correlation of identified parameter and derived topographical information for landslide hazard using AHP technique in Tanjung Bungah, Penang. There are 6 parameters used which are slope, aspect, lithology, rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Landsat 8 has been processed to provide the secondary data used in GIS platform. All the processed data are then overlaid using weighted overlay analysis. The output of the analysis shown is spatially visualized to examine the location of the landslide hazards risk. The map produced help in better understanding of nature impact of past, current and future development decision making.
Research on Key Technologies of Eco-city Construction Planning
Authors: Hong Xiaoling , Cheng Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As one of the main forms of urbanization in my country, urban construction is the process of building original natural or semi-natural ecosystems into urban artificial ecosystems from the perspective of ecology. It is the construction and replacement of ecosystem types and the process of encroachment. Urban planning must pay particular attention to the forward-looking nature of its ecological planning. While truly enhancing the city’s overall ecosystem service capabilities, it also prevents new ecological and environmental problems from being induced. Through theoretical analysis of the characteristics of ecosystem changes in the process of urban construction, combined with typical cases, several key issues in urban ecological planning have been summarized and condensed, and corresponding planning strategies and techniques have been proposed, with a view to providing ecological solutions for large-scale urban development in my country. Provide theoretical support for environmental protection work.
Discussion on Coordinated Development of Energy Economy and Environment in China
Authors: Shi Lin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
in recent years, China’s economy has made great progress, its development is based on energy consumption as the energy power, the problem of energy consumption is that the pressure on the environment is increasing day by day. The pollution caused by the combustion of fossil energy is especially serious. China’s future economic development, energy development is both the foundation and guarantee, and clean, pollution-free environment is the necessary basic conditions for our human survival. Therefore, how to achieve the coordinated and sustainable development of economy, energy and environment is an unavoidable subject in the future economic development of our country.