bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to diagnose intraoral lymphoma: 7 years study from a tertiary care center
Authors: Agarwal Radhika , Singh Meeta , Rana Deepika , Khushwaha Pritika , Meher Ravi , Khurana Nita , Jain Shyama , Singh Sarika , Verma Nidhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been successfully utilized in the preoperative diagnosis of oral masses. Lymphoma involving other sites has also been diagnosed frequently on FNA. Oral cavity lymphoma (OL) is rare and is clinically indistinguishable from other lesions of the mouth. A complete excision of these may be difficult. Our experience with FNA diagnosis of 11 OLs along with histopathological correlation is reported herein in a tertiary health care setting.MethodsIn this retrospective study, clinico pathological characteristics of patients with final diagnosis of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were reviewed over a 7 year period. Routine cytological giemsa staining was performed in all cases along with immunocytochemistry (ICC) wherever possible. The gold standard for diagnosis of NHL was based on: (1) Histopathology and immunohistochemistry and/or (2) Flow cytometry (FC).ResultsA total of 11 cases were diagnosed as NHL. All showed B cell immunophenotype. Two of them were diagnosed as follicular lymphoma on histopathology. Male to female ratio was 7:4 and ranged in age from 37 to 70 years. The most common site was tonsillar fossa (N = 5), followed by hard palate (N = 3), soft palate (N = 2), and buccal mucosa (N = 1). Size ranged from 1 to 6 cm.ConclusionsDiagnosis of OLs may be hampered by its rarity and difficulties in obtaining sufficient cellularity in oral FNA but there is need for immediate and accurate diagnostic procedures, including immunohistochemical analysis to avoid delay in treatment. FNA along with ICC helps in early diagnosis of this rare entity and can also provide sample for FC.
Risk for overexploiting a seemingly stable seal population: influence of multiple stressors and hunting
Authors: Silva Willian T. A. F. , Bottagisio Elio , Härkönen Tero , Galatius Anders , Olsen Morten Tange , Harding Karin C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConservation efforts have mainly been focused on depleted species or populations, but many formerly reduced marine mammal populations have recovered to historical abundances. This calls for new management strategies and new models for ecological risk assessment that incorporate local density dependence and multiple environmental stressors. The harbor seal metapopulation in Swedish and Danish waters has increased from about 2500 to 25,000 over the past 40 yr. Trend analysis based on aerial survey data and somatic growth curves indicates that the population is close to carrying capacity. We performed a population viability analysis based on realistic life history parameters and investigated a range of potential scenarios caused by future stressors. If the population is able to resume its high intrinsic rate of increase at about 11% annually, when pushed down below carrying capacity, it can also sustain additional mortality such as modest hunting and infrequent epizootics. However, if xenobiotics will cause even a slight reduction in average fecundity, the population becomes significantly more vulnerable. In the absence of epizootics, and given full reproductive capacity, hunting of a few hundred animals annually is not harmful to the long‐term persistence of the population. Nevertheless, a slight decrease in growth potential, for example, caused by exposure to endocrine disruptors, makes even limited hunting risky. Our study shows how an apparently stable and abundant marine mammal population can be close to a point of rapid population decline. Thus, careful monitoring of population size, growth rate, health, and exposure to xenobiotics as well as recording of the age and sex structure of the hunt is required to avoid repeating the history of overexploitation and another population collapse.
Transcriptional profiling of microglia in the injured brain reveals distinct molecular features underlying neurodegeneration
Authors: Liu Cong , Dai Shang‐Kun , Shi Ruo‐Xi , He Xuan‐Cheng , Wang Ying‐Ying , He Bao‐Dong , Sun Xiao‐Wen , Du Hong‐Zhen , Liu Chang‐Mei , Teng Zhao‐Qian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurotrauma has been recognized as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, and sex difference of the incidence and outcome of neurodegenerative diseases has long been recognized. Past studies suggest that microglia could play a versatile role in both health and disease. So far, the microglial mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and potentially lead to sex‐specific therapies are still very open. Here we applied whole transcriptome analysis of microglia acutely isolated at different timepoints after a cortical stab wound injury to gain insight into genes that might be dysregulated and transcriptionally different between males and females after cortical injury. We found that microglia displayed distinct temporal and sexual molecular signatures of transcriptome after cortical injury. Hypotheses and gene candidates that we presented in the present study could be worthy to be examined to explore the roles of microglia in neurotrauma and in sex‐biased neurodegenerative diseases.
A bargaining model for PLS entrepreneurial financing: A game theoretic model using agent‐based simulation
Authors: El Fakir Adil , Fairchild Richard , Tkiouat Mohamed , Taamouti Abderrahim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article aims to use a bargaining power model to reduce moral hazard—in the form of entrepreneurial effort shirking—and derive an optimum sharing ratio of a Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) contract that involves a Venture Capitalist and an Entrepreneur. The model reveals the following interesting findings. First, under complete information—where the Venture Capitalist has a bargaining power ‐ Venture Capitalist offers the entrepreneur a profit sharing ratio that is less than her capital contribution ratio. Second, in an incomplete information setting, the entrepreneur demands a profit sharing ratio higher than her capital contribution ratio when the sum of the marginal cost (from exercising a higher effort) and private benefits (from exercising a low effort) is greater than the marginal return (from exercising a high effort). In addition, the model is used to derive a span of negotiation about the profit sharing ratio. Finally, an agent based simulation (Netlogo) platform is considered to implement the model, which allows a faster numerical calculations of the profit share and helps decide on the validity of the funding contract.
Pleural and pulmonary metastases from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors successfully managed by extrapleural pneumonectomy
Authors: Matsuda Hinata , Minagawa Tomonori , Agatsuma Hiroyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Utazu Haruhiko , Ogawa Teruyuki , Yoshida Kazuo , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionSurgery for postchemotherapy residual nonseminomatous germ cell tumors may be difficult due to exceptional lesion size and location.Case presentationA 47‐year‐old man presented with swelling and pain in the left scrotum. Computed tomography revealed a solid occupied lesion in the left scrotum with huge metastases in the left lung and pleura. Results of a left high inguinal orchiectomy indicated a pathological diagnosis of germ cell tumors of several histological types. The patient declined postoperative chemotherapy but returned to our department 10 months later with dyspnea. Serum tumor marker levels were restored to normal range by adjuvant chemotherapy. Thereafter, an extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed for the remaining tumors. He has since been asymptomatic without recurrence or dyspnea for over 5 years.ConclusionExtrapleural pneumonectomy is a valid treatment option for the management of huge pleural and pulmonary metastases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
Guide to tremor and twitch syndromes in dogs and cats
Authors: Lowrie Mark 
Published: January 2021

Background: Tremors are relatively common in dogs and cats, with them representing a spectrum of disease from the benign through to life‐threatening. Tremors associated with voluntary muscle contraction are divided into postural or kinetic. Twitches, or peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH), are distinct to tremors, distinguished by their irregular rhythm, and have a range of outcomes. Twitches may manifest as fasciculations, myokymia, neuromyotonia, cramps, tetany or tetanus.Aim of the article: This article describes the common causes for twitches and tremors, and provides tips on how to differentiate them from one another, as well as how best to go about diagnosing and treating these conditions.
Guide to behavioural issues in rabbits
Authors: Stapleton Nadene 
Published: January 2021

Background: For many veterinarians, focusing on rabbit behavioural issues may not seem like a top priority in their practice. However, a willingness to engage owners on this topic will significantly improve the welfare and health of the UK's third most popular mammalian pet.Aim of the article: This article details a simple approach that can be used for the most common behavioural problems encountered in rabbits, and also suggests some tips for what to do if you are out of your depth.
Evaluation of surface roughness after root resection: An optical profilometer study
Authors: Ekici Ömer , Aslantaş Kubilay , Kanık Özgür , Keleş Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness of the apical surface after apical resection performed by six different methods with an optical profilometer. Sixty human single root premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. After root canal preparation, root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus root canal sealers by lateral condensation technique. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups according to the apical resection method: steel fissure bur, tungsten carbide fissure bur, Lindeman bur, diamond fissure bur, laser, and ultrasonic surgical piezo with a diamond tip. The root ends were resected 3 mm away from the root apex and at a 90° angle. The time required for apicectomy was recorded for each group. After apical resection, the root surfaces were analyzed by an optical profilometer. The Kruskal–Wallis method was used to analyze the differences between groups. The significance level was set at 5%. The roughest surfaces were obtained by laser (25.54 ± 9.01 μm) and Lindeman bur (17.35 ± 6.03 μm), respectively. The longest mean resection times were recorded in piezosurgery and laser surgery (57 ± 14.39 s and 50.9 ± 16.86 s), respectively. Although the diamond‐tipped piezo surgical cutting time is long, it has the best results in terms of surface roughness (5.50 ± 1.73 μm). The optical profilometer is a more convenient tool for evaluating the surface after apical surgery, as it provides an opportunity to evaluate objectively with both visual and numerical data.
Implications of the Mn:ligand ratio for Mn uptake by Glycine max L. plants fertilized with heptagluconate and gluconate complexes
Authors: Islas‐Valdez Samira , López‐Rayo Sandra , Lucena Juan J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe environmental risk of the application of synthetic chelates has furthered the implementation of biodegradable complexes to correct manganese (Mn)‐deficient plants. This study used the biodegradable ligands of heptagluconate (G7) and gluconate (G6) to test the influence of the Mn2+:ligand ratio on their fertilizers' capacity to provide Mn to plants. The efficacy of these complexes to correct Mn‐deficient soybean was evaluated in hydroponics and calcareous soil conditions and compared with the synthetic chelate EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid).RESULTSThis study demonstrated that G7 was a biodegradable alternative to EDTA for supplying Mn, maintaining an adequate nutritional balance compared with G6, which reduced iron (Fe) uptake by the plants. The efficacy of the Mn complexes depended on both the ligand and the Mn:ligand ratio, with the 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios of Mn2+:G7 being the most effective complexes in the short term on the basis of their chemical structure and stability.CONCLUSIONThe Mn2+:G7 (1:1 and 1:2) complexes were found to be effective Mn sources for plant nutrition due to their chemical structures providing adequate stability in alkaline solution and their fast‐action effect. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
An extended reciprocity cycle of gratitude: How gratitude strengthens existing and initiates new customer relationships
Authors: Bock Dora , Thomas Veronica , Wolter Jeremy , Saenger Christina , Xu Pei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCustomers who feel gratitude toward a firm are motivated to engage in direct reciprocity. However, does gratitude's effect extend beyond the original dyadic interaction to affect relationships with other potential customers? Drawing from indirect reciprocity theory, we propose an extended reciprocity cycle of customer gratitude in which existing customer relationships are strengthened through direct reciprocity and new customer relationships are initiated through indirect reciprocity. Through an experiment, Study 1 demonstrates that employee‐centric reviews are written by grateful customers because they desire to help the firm. Utilizing another experiment, Study 2 reveals that gratitude‐driven employee‐centric reviews significantly increase other consumers' attitudes toward helpful service firms (i.e., positioned as having a sincere brand personality). Study 3 extends the prior findings using field data from Yelp, revealing that employee‐centric reviews are perceived as more useful when shown for sincere rather than sophisticated brands. Collectively, results indicate that customer gratitude fosters not only direct reciprocity, but also indirect reciprocity by encouraging other consumers to reward firms that help customers, signaling to practitioners the importance of managing customers' emotional experiences and strategically placing gratitude‐driven content.
A mathematical model for human papillomavirus vaccination strategies in a random network
Authors: Villanueva Rafael‐Jacinto , Sánchez‐Alonso Víctor , Acedo Luis 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we consider a random network model for sexual contacts in a population developed from real statistical data in order to assess vaccination policies against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The model is constructed by imposing a constraint requiring that individuals of a given sex, in a given age group, would have an average connectivity as that obtained in statistic surveys.In this model, the disease is transmitted stochastically according to a set of probability of infection parameters that depend on the age group. We are, in particular, interested on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, characterized by a high infectivity and prevalence among the population. By building a network of up to 1000 nodes, we are able to obtain a stationary state under the assumption of constant population. Starting with this model, we will simulate several scenarios for vaccination against HPV by using the recent HPV ninevalent vaccine, which prevents against several oncogenic genotypes of the virus. Three different scenarios are simulated: only girls are vaccinated, only boys are vaccinated, or both sexes are vaccinated (gender neutral vaccination). Important levels of herd immunity are observed if only one sex is vaccinated and the scenario in which only boys are vaccinated is plausible in terms of cost‐effectiveness. However, the serious consequences for women infected with oncogenic genotypes speak against this latter scenario. Conclusions about global vaccination programs are finally discussed in terms of our model.
Optimal tax policy of a one‐predator–two‐prey system with a marine protected area
Authors: Huang Lirong , Cai Donghan , Liu Weiyi 
Published: January 2021

This paper is devoted to handle a dynamic one‐predator–two‐prey model. In order to protect fish population from over exploitation, we assume that marine protected area (MPA) is established and the fisherman only harvest the prey in the unreserved area, the predator consumes the prey in both the MPA and the unreserved area. And a tax is imposed in the process of harvesting. To begin with, boundeness of the system is discussed. Following this, we studied the existence of the possible equilibrium along with their local stability for both of the unexploited system (8) and exploited system (5). After that, we analyzed the global stability of the positive equilibrium of the exploited system and how the tax τ affects the positive equilibrium. Then, the optimal tax policy is obtained by using the Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to support the analytical findings.
Miniaturized single‐/dual‐band bandpass filters based on grounded square patch resonator with controllable passbands
Authors: Fei Huihui , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Qiao , Zhou Lingyun , Chen Weidong , Chen Chang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMiniaturized single‐/dual‐band bandpass filters (BPFs) are proposed in this paper based on one single grounded square patch (GSP) resonator. The GSP resonator is realized by introducing ring‐shaped metallic vias at the center of a patch. Owing to this specific geometry, an additional mode nominated as LC mode is generated, which makes the proposed GSP resonator operate below the fundamental resonate frequency of the non‐grounded patch, thus miniaturization has been achieved. In addition, several slots are etched on the GSP resonator to serve as perturbations and control bandwidths (BWs) and center frequencies of the filter. As a result, the designed filters have featured both compact size and independent controllability. Moreover, single‐ or dual‐band BPF can be realized by changing the location of the input/output feedlines. For demonstration, the proposed filters have been fabricated, and the measured results agree with predicted responses.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Energy Expenditure and Weight Loss in Severe Obesity—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Berge Jarle , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Hertel Jens K. , Gjevestad Espen , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Johnson Line Kristin , Martins Catia , Andersen Eivind , Helgerud Jan , Støren Øyvind 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of two aerobic exercise programs of different intensities on energy expenditure.MethodsThis was a single‐center randomized controlled trial of patients with severe obesity allocated to a 24‐week moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) program or a combined MICT with high‐intensity interval training (HIIT/MICT) program. The primary outcome was energy expenditure during exercise (EEDE). Secondary outcomes included resting metabolic rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition.ResultsA total of 82 (56% females) patients were screened, and 71 (55% females) patients were allocated to HIIT/MICT (n = 37) or MICT (n = 34). Per‐protocol analysis showed that EEDE increased by 10% (95% CI: 3%‐17%) in the HIIT/MICT group (n = 16) and 7.5% (95% CI: 4%‐10%) in the MICT group (n = 24), with no differences between groups. In the 8‐ to 16‐ week per‐protocol analysis, the HIIT/MICT group had a significantly larger increase in EEDE compared with the MICT group. Resting metabolic rate remained unchanged in both groups. HIIT/MICT and MICT were associated with significant weight loss of 5 kg and 2 kg, respectively.ConclusionsPatients completing a 24‐week combined HIIT/MICT program did not achieve a higher EEDE compared with those who completed a 24‐week MICT program. The HIIT/MICT group experienced, on average, a 3‐kg‐larger weight loss than the MICT group.
Evidence of a Role for the Hippocampus in Food‐Cue Processing and the Association with Body Weight and Dietary Added Sugar
Authors: Jones Sabrina , Luo Shan , Dorton Hilary M. , Angelo Brendan , Yunker Alexandra G. , Monterosso John R. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe current analysis used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore a model of energy regulation postulating that the hippocampus integrates interoceptive signals and environmental stimuli to suppress responding to food cues. It was hypothesized that hippocampal activity would increase in response to food cues under postnutritive relative to fasted conditions, given the role of the hippocampus in integrating postnutritive signals with food cues, and that obesity, added sugar intake, or a combination of these factors would alter this response.MethodsData were analyzed on 65 participants (29 males). Participants consumed drinks containing 75 g of glucose or water and underwent an fMRI‐based food‐cue task. Blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI was used to examine hippocampal responses to food and nonfood cues.ResultsIn lean participants, the hippocampal BOLD signal was higher following glucose compared with water, but participants with obesity showed the opposite pattern. BMI interacted with added sugar intake such that BMI was more negatively correlated with hippocampal food‐cue reactivity after glucose ingestion in individuals who consumed high levels of added sugar. Hippocampal BOLD was negatively correlated with prospective food intake.ConclusionsThe findings are consistent with the view that energy regulation involves hippocampal processes in humans and that added sugar and excess weight may impair this function.
MBS model for control and optimization of a hydrofoil boat
Authors: Graf Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe most efficient hull concept for racing boats is a hull completely lifted out of the water by a configuration of hydrodynamic foils. Due to its similarity to an inverted pendulum, the system is intrinsically unstable and requires control mechanisms. This paper describes a typical configuration of a hull and the hydrofoils and the corresponding MBS model. The MBS‐model allows studying parameters for control and hydrofoil positions and is coupled with a global optimizer to choose the most beneficial set of parameters.
Measuring the Time Discretization Error in Linear Elasticity
Authors: Schröder Bettina , Kuhl Detlef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present paper considers the spread of longitudinal waves in an elastic rod. On the one hand an analytical solution is presented, on the other hand a spatially and temporally discretized continuum formulation of this problem is treated. With these approaches at hand the appearing time discretization error is analyzed using various quantities.
A hybrid model for the electrothermal behavior of semiconductor devices
Authors: Glitzky Annegret , Liero Matthias , Nika Grigor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce a hybrid model for the electro‐thermal behavior of semiconductor heterostructures. It combines a model based on drift‐diffusion with thermistor type models in different subregions of the semiconductor device. The aim of this hybrid modeling approach is to be physically as accurate as necessary and at the same time as computationally efficient as possible. Our existence proof uses a regularization method, a priori estimates, and Schauder's fixed point theorem.
Phase field modeling of fatigue crack initiation and growth under various loading situations
Authors: Schreiber Christoph , Kuhn Charlotte , Müller Ralf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work we illustrate the ability of a phase field model for fatigue crack growth in terms of extension capability to various amplitude loading and mean stress effects. The additional energy density contribution accounting for the energy associated with fatigue is modified in order to provide a more general model. Results obtained from numerical fatigue crack growth simulations are briefly presented and discussed.