bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Interfacial Cross‐Linking Polymer Blends with Fiber‐Like Phase Structure by Recycling
Authors: Wang Jinyun , Su Tong , Zhuang Wei , Shi Cheng , Gao Min , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Lin Tengfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe properties of polymer blends strongly depend on their microstructure. Thus, tuning the phase structure and improving the interfacial interaction of blends are relatively crucial. Inspired by the breaking and reformation of dynamic covalent bonds in vitrimers, these special bonds are introduced into the phase interface of polymer blends in this work. Through reactive blending of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), polylactic acid (PLA) and additives, polymer blends with dynamic interfacial cross‐linking are fabricated. The prepared blends with intensive interfacial interactions display excellent recycling capacity. Strikingly, after etching the dissolvable substances with a solvent, the porous phase structure of original polymer blends changes to a fiber‐like phase structure of the third recycled blends, entirely distinct from most reported phase structures in polymer blends. In addition, the composites show great enhancements in mechanical properties during recycling. This work provides an effective method to tune the phase structure and improve the interfacial interaction of polymer blends.
Low‐pressure hydrodistension induces bladder glomerulations in female patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Hsu Lin‐Nei , Tsai Yuh‐Shyan , Tong Yat‐Ching 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThe role of hydrodistension in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is controversial. This study evaluated the effect of low‐pressure hydrodistension on glomerulation formation in female patients diagnosed with the disease.MethodsSixty female patients with the clinical diagnosis of IC/BPS and 30 female controls without the disease underwent cystoscopy and hydrodistension. Cold‐cup biopsy was taken from bladder posterior wall at sites with normal cystoscopic appearance before hydrodistension in the IC/BPS group. The tissue samples were processed for histology study. Low‐pressure (40 cmH2O) hydrodistension for 2 min was performed and the appearance of glomerulations was compared between the two groups. High‐pressure (80 cmH2O) hydrodistension for 8 min was then performed as a therapeutic measure for the IC/BPS patients. Further changes to the degree of glomerulations were recorded.ResultsHistology showed pathological changes in the normal‐appearing IC/BPS bladder mucosa including urothelium denudation, inflammatory cell infiltration, stromal edema, fibrosis, and vascular congestion. Low‐pressure hydrodistension induced significant glomerulation formation in the patient group (percentage of patients with Grades 0–4: 0%, 8.3%, 40%, 35%, 10%, respectively) while none in the controls. High‐pressure hydrodistension further increased the glomerulation grading in the IC/BPS patients.ConclusionsStructural changes are present in prehydrodistension IC/BPS bladder wall, which may not be macroscopically detectable. Hydrodistension at low pressure is adequate to disrupt the integrity of such diseased mucosa and offers a more discriminative test in the diagnosis of IC/BPS.
An efficient hybrid reliability analysis method based on active learning Kriging model and multimodal‐optimization‐based importance sampling
Authors: Wang Tai , Yang Xufeng , Mi Caiying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel method is proposed, which aims to solve rare‐event hybrid reliability problems with random and interval variables, where the performance function has various failure zones. It combines the active learning Kriging (ALK) model with importance sampling (IS) and evolutionary multimodal‐based multiobjective optimization (EMO‐MMO). The surrogate limit state surfaces (LSS) for the upper and lower failure probability bounds are respectively defined considering the Kriging variance. Failure candidate solutions located in different failure regions are generated by the EMO‐MMO method. Subsequently, all the most probable failure points (MPPs) are identified from those candidate solutions. The IS samples are simulated around the MPPs using the MPP‐based IS method. The IS samples located in unimportant regions are removed in order to improve the efficiency of approximating the surrogate LSSs. The optimal training points are selected from the truncated IS samples to update the Kriging model. After several training iterations, the surrogate LSSs are convergent. Ultimately, a reliable and unbiased estimation of the upper and lower failure probability bounds is provided. The performance of the ALK‐EMO‐IS‐HRA approach is verified through five application examples.
Neo‐colonial philanthropy in the UK
Authors: Irfan Fozia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUK philanthropic foundations are being subjected to greater scrutiny in how they address racial inequality with their funding distribution, yet the deeper critical question of whether these foundations perpetuate racial inequality in their very ethos, practices and existence remains unanswered. These foundations provide over £6.5billion of grants annually to the charitable sector, hold substantial power and influence over social movements and justify their charitable status by stating that they are addressing issues such as poverty and inequality. Yet many private foundations were built on a Victorian paternalistic model of gracious benefactor and grateful beneficiary and against the historical context of empire‐building, slavery and colonialism which embedded ideas about ‘race’ within philanthropy. Furthermore, delineation between the deserving and undeserving poor connected with these formulations of race, to position subjects of colonies inequitably within this charitable paradigm and reinforce stereotypes. At the time, this formed the justification for the expansion of missionary or colonial philanthropy overseas which was the biggest philanthropic cause of the pre first world war era and which can be traced back as the basis for the ‘white saviour complex’ exhibited today within UK foundations, as they continue to operate a colonial social architecture. This inherent and unchallenged colonial social architecture used for grantmaking and funding distribution imbues processes and practices with the same ethos and principles exhibited by colonialism, resulting in a ‘neo‐colonial philanthropy’, the tenets of which are identified and explored. In addition, as racial inequality remains one of the most critical issues of our time, it is asserted that foundations will need to understand the historical context of the UK’s colonialist history in order to recognise the link with racial disparities exhibited in communities today. This direct connection together with their own inbuilt colonial architecture necessitates an urgent conversation for Foundations about whether reparative or restorative justice is a more effective operational paradigm and the long term solution needed to address neo‐colonial philanthropy or the ‘Empires new clothes’.
Home pulse oximetry after discharge from a quaternary‐care children's hospital: Prescriber patterns and perspectives
Authors: Fierro Julie , Herrick Heidi , Fregene Nicole , Khan Amina , Ferro Daria F. , Nelson Maria N. , Brent Canita R. , Bonafide Christopher P. , DeMauro Sara B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPulse oximetry monitoring is prescribed to children receiving home oxygen for chronic medical conditions associated with hypoxemia. Although home pediatric pulse oximetry is supported by national organizations, there is a lack of guidelines outlining indications and prescribing parameters.MethodsA mixed‐methods analysis of pediatric home pulse oximetry orders prescribed through the institutional home healthcare provider at a large US children's hospital 6/2018–7/2019 was retrospectively reviewed to determine prescribed alarm parameter limits and recommended interventions. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews with pediatric providers managing patients receiving home oxygen and pulse oximetry were conducted to identify opportunities to improve home pulse oximetry prescribing practices. Interviews were analyzed using a modified content analysis approach to identify recurring themes.ResultsA total of 368 children received home pulse oximetry orders. Orders were most frequently prescribed on noncardiac medical floors (32%). Attending physicians were the most frequent ordering providers (52%). Frequency of use was prescribed in 96% of orders, however, just 70% were provided with specific instructions for interventions when alarms occurred. Provider role and clinical setting were significantly associated with the presence of a care plan. Provider interviews identified opportunities for improvement with the device, management of alarm parameter limits, and access to home monitor data.DiscussionThis study demonstrated significant variability in home pulse oximetry prescribing practices. Provider interviews highlighted the importance of the provider–patient relationship and areas for improvement. There is an opportunity to create standardized guidelines that optimize the use of home monitoring devices for patients, families, and pulmonary providers.
Effects of an evidence‐based nursing intervention on prevention of anxiety and depression in the postpartum period
Authors: Meng Jun , Du Junying , Diao Xiaoli , Zou Yingxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPostpartum depression has been one of the most common psychological disorders in patients during postpartum period. The constant anxiety and depression during this period seriously affect the physiological and psychological health of both the mother and infant. Evidence‐based nursing has been widely applied in clinical practice and has achieved remarkable results. However, the effect of evidence‐based nursing on postpartum depression remains unclear. Pregnant women who were not diagnosed with postpartum depression during hospitalisation (Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale [EPDS] ≤ 13 points) but prone to postpartum depression (EPDS scores of 9–13) were recruited into the study. They were randomly divided into the Intervention group (N = 60) and Control group (N = 60). Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), EPDS and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to investigate the psychological outcomes of puerperae during and after the 6‐week intervention. Both the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses showed that 6 weeks of evidence‐based nursing intervention significantly reduced the incidence of postpartum depression. The application of the evidence‐based nursing also improved the patients' satisfaction degree and effectively alleviated their anxiety according to both the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses. Evidence‐based nursing intervention had positive effects against anxiety and depression in the postpartum period.
Introduction
Authors: Pelz Peter F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, the motivation for this book is given. The analysis process of socio-technical systems based on data and models is examined from the perspective of uncertainty. The synthesis process of systems based on models and/or intuition leads to the important concepts of function and quality as well as data, model, and structural uncertainty. This forms both the foundation and the introduction to the following chapters. It is shown that the mastering of uncertainty is the key to Sustainable Systems Design. Thus, the societal need for safety and sustainability is met.
X-linked histone H3K27 demethylase Kdm6a regulates sexually dimorphic differentiation of hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Cabrera Zapata Lucas E. , Cisternas Carla D. , Sosa Camila , Garcia-Segura Luis Miguel , Arevalo Maria Angeles , Cambiasso María Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral X-linked genes are involved in neuronal differentiation and may contribute to the generation of sex dimorphisms in the brain. Previous results showed that XX hypothalamic neurons grow faster, have longer axons, and exhibit higher expression of the neuritogenic gene neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) than XY before perinatal masculinization. Here we evaluated the participation of candidate X-linked genes in the development of these sex differences, focusing mainly on Kdm6a, a gene encoding for an H3K27 demethylase with functions controlling gene expression genome-wide. We established hypothalamic neuronal cultures from wild-type or transgenic Four Core Genotypes mice, a model that allows evaluating the effect of sex chromosomes independently of gonadal type. X-linked genes Kdm6a, Eif2s3x and Ddx3x showed higher expression in XX compared to XY neurons, regardless of gonadal sex. Moreover, Kdm6a expression pattern with higher mRNA levels in XX than XY did not change with age at E14, P0, and P60 in hypothalamus or under 17β-estradiol treatment in culture. Kdm6a pharmacological blockade by GSK-J4 reduced axonal length only in female neurons and decreased the expression of neuritogenic genes Neurod1, Neurod2 and Cdk5r1 in both sexes equally, while a sex-specific effect was observed in Ngn3. Finally, Kdm6a downregulation using siRNA reduced axonal length and Ngn3 expression only in female neurons, abolishing the sex differences observed in control conditions. Altogether, these results point to Kdm6a as a key mediator of the higher axogenesis and Ngn3 expression observed in XX neurons before the critical period of brain masculinization.
Have farmers had enough of experts?
Authors: Rust Niki A. , Stankovics Petra , Jarvis Rebecca M. , Morris-Trainor Zara , de Vries Jasper R. , Ingram Julie , Mills Jane , Glikman Jenny A. , Parkinson Joy , Toth Zoltan , Hansda Regina , McMorran Rob , Glass Jayne , Reed Mark S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe exponential rise of information available means we can now, in theory, access knowledge on almost any question we ask. However, as the amount of unverified information increases, so too does the challenge in deciding which information to trust. Farmers, when learning about agricultural innovations, have historically relied on in-person advice from traditional ‘experts’, such as agricultural advisers, to inform farm management. As more farmers go online for information, it is not clear whether they are now using digital information to corroborate in-person advice from traditional ‘experts’, or if they are foregoing ‘expert’ advice in preference for peer-generated information. To fill this knowledge gap, we sought to understand how farmers in two contrasting European countries (Hungary and the UK) learnt about sustainable soil innovations and who influenced them to innovate. Through interviews with 82 respondents, we found farmers in both countries regularly used online sources to access soil information; some were prompted to change their soil management by farmer social media ‘influencers’. However, online information and interactions were not usually the main factor influencing farmers to change their practices. Farmers placed most trust in other farmers to learn about new soil practices and were less trusting of traditional ‘experts’, particularly agricultural researchers from academic and government institutions, who they believed were not empathetic towards farmers’ needs. We suggest that some farmers may indeed have had enough of traditional ‘experts’, instead relying more on their own peer networks to learn and innovate. We discuss ways to improve trustworthy knowledge exchange between agricultural stakeholders to increase uptake of sustainable soil management practices, while acknowledging the value of peer influence and online interactions for innovation and trust building.
3D mapping of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hydroxyl radicals, and soot volume fraction in sooting flames using FRAME technique
Authors: Chorey Devashish , Koegl Matthias , Boggavarapu Prasad , Bauer Florian J. , Zigan Lars , Will Stefan , Ravikrishna R. V. , Deshmukh Devendra , Mishra Yogeshwar Nath 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the three-dimensional (3D) mapping of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in ethylene/air diffusion flames. A structured illumination-based frequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) approach is combined with sample translation to intersect the flame in several two-dimensional planes. The FRAME technique has been used for recording a snapshot of multiple species on a single camera. It relies on extracting the amplitude of spatial modulation of two or more probed species encoded on a single sub-image. Here, the FRAME technique is first applied for simultaneous imaging of PAH by laser-induced fluorescence (PAH-LIF) and soot by laser-induced incandescence (LII). Sequentially, it is employed for simultaneous mapping of OH-LIF and soot-LII. The LII signal is converted to absolute soot volume fraction (fv) maps using a line-of-sight light extinction measurement. Finally, we have demonstrated the approach for layer-wise 2D imaging of soot volume fraction and averaged 3D mapping of multiple species.
Occurrence of heatwave in Korea by the displacement of South Asian high
Authors: Cha Yumi , Choi JaeWon , Kim Eung-Sup , Ahn Joong-Bae 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe South Asian high (SAH) index was defined using the 200 hPa geopotential height for 1973–2019. Of the movements of the SAH center in the north–south, east–west, northwest-southeast, and southwest-northeast directions, the movements in the northwest-southeast direction showed the highest positive correlation with heatwave days (HWDs) in South Korea. Thirteen years with the highest values in the northwestward shift of the SAH (positive SAH years) and 13 years with the highest values in the southeastward shift of the SAH (negative SAH years) were selected from a time series of SAH indices from which the linear trend was removed, and the differences between these two groups were analyzed. An analysis of vertical meridional circulation averaged along 120°–130° E showed that in the latitude zones containing Korea, anomalous downward flows with anomalous high pressures formed in the entire troposphere and coincided with a positive anomaly of air temperature and specific humidity. An analysis of stream flows and geopotential heights showed that in the positive SAH years, anomalous anticyclones developed in Korea, the North Pacific, North America, Western Europe, and the Iranian Plateau. These anticyclones had the wavenumber-5 pattern and showed more distinct barotropic vertical structures at higher altitudes, which resembled the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. The maintenance of CGT depends on the interaction between the CGT circulation and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), which has a major influence on the mid-latitude atmosphere. Strengthening of the ISM results in the formation of upper-level anomalous anticyclones in the northwestern Iranian Plateau and produces continuous downstream cells along the waveguide due to the Rossby wave dispersion. When diabatic heating by Indian summer monsoon precipitation is strengthened, the SAH is strengthened to the northwest of India, and a positive CGT pattern is formed. As a result, anomalous anticyclones formed in all layers of the Korean troposphere, resulting in heatwaves, tropical nights, and droughts exacerbated in South Korea.
The novel dynamic MPFL-reconstruction technique: cheaper and better?
Authors: Horstmann Hauke , Karkosch Roman , Berg Annika , Becher Christoph , Petri Maximilian , Smith Tomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is an established procedure to restore patellar stability. Aim of this study is to evaluate the results of a dynamic MPFL reconstruction technique in a large university hospital setting.

Methods
Two hundred and thirteen consecutive patients with 221 knees were surgically treated for recurrent lateral patellar dislocation. All patients obtained dynamic reconstruction of the MPFL with detachment of the gracilis tendon at the pes anserinus while maintaining the proximal origin at the gracilis muscle. Patellar fixation was performed by oblique transpatellar tunnel transfer. Follow-up data including Kujala and BANFF score, pain level as well as recurrent patella instability were collected at a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Results
Follow-up could be obtained from 158 patients (71%). The mean follow-up time was 5.4 years. Mean pain level was 1.9 ± 2.0 on the VAS. Mean Kujala score was 78.4 ± 15.5. Mean BANFF score was 62.4 ± 22.3. MPFL-reconstructions that were performed by surgeons with a routine of more than ten procedures had a significantly shorter surgical time 52.3 ± 17.6 min. Male patients yielded higher satisfaction rates and better clinical scores compared to females. Complications occurred in 27.2% of procedures, 20.9% requiring revision surgery of which were 9.5% related to recurrent patellar instability. 78% of all patients indicated they would undergo the procedure again.

Conclusion
Dynamic MPFL reconstruction presents a reproducible procedure with increased complication rates, inferior to the results of static reconstruction described in the literature. Despite, it appears to be an efficient procedure to restore patellar stability in a large university hospital setting, without the necessity for intraoperative fluoroscopy.

Trial registration
The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number NCT04438109 on June 18th 2020.
Structure can predict function in the human brain: a graph neural network deep learning model of functional connectivity and centrality based on structural connectivity
Authors: Neudorf Josh , Kress Shaylyn , Borowsky Ron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough functional connectivity and associated graph theory measures (e.g., centrality; how centrally important to the network a region is) are widely used in brain research, the full extent to which these functional measures are related to the underlying structural connectivity is not yet fully understood. Graph neural network deep learning methods have not yet been applied for this purpose, and offer an ideal model architecture for working with connectivity data given their ability to capture and maintain inherent network structure. Here, we applied this model to predict functional connectivity from structural connectivity in a sample of 998 participants from the Human Connectome Project. Our results showed that the graph neural network accounted for 89% of the variance in mean functional connectivity, 56% of the variance in individual-level functional connectivity, 99% of the variance in mean functional centrality, and 81% of the variance in individual-level functional centrality. These results represent an important finding that functional centrality can be robustly predicted from structural connectivity. Regions of particular importance to the model's performance as determined through lesioning are discussed, whereby regions with higher centrality have a higher impact on model performance. Future research on models of patient, demographic, or behavioural data can also benefit from this graph neural network method as it is ideally-suited for depicting connectivity and centrality in brain networks. These results have set a new benchmark for prediction of functional connectivity from structural connectivity, and models like this may ultimately lead to a way to predict functional connectivity in individuals who are unable to do fMRI tasks (e.g., non-responsive patients).