bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faculty readiness for online teaching at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University during the COVID-19 crisis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Almahasheer Muneerah B. , Al Rubaish Abdullah , Alkadi Abdullah , Abdellatif Mahmoud A. , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Wael Fateh Assaf, , Marimuthu Palanivel Rubavathi , Alomair Nuhad A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education sector around the world. In order to control the spread of the virus, eLearning practice has been introduced in Saudi higher education. Such online communication has become an important tool to narrow the teaching practice gap. This study assessed the characteristics of eLearning and distance learning and the inclination of Imam Abdulrahman BinFaisal University (IAU) faculty members in terms of skills, and managing classes and tests using online learning tools. Methods: A QuestionPro questionnaire with 22 questions on eLearning experience, training experience, and skills and knowledge in the educational process of IAU teaching faculty was conducted through the online university e-mail domain. The questionnaire was sent to the IAU’s teaching faculty. The questionnaire’s reliability was studied using Cronbach’s a coefficient. The criterion value was statistically studied using the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) and Bartlett’s test. The variables associated with the present survey model were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results: The study showed positive responses and readiness (skills and abilities) and the effectiveness of IAU’s faculty members to perform e-learning activities during COVID-19. IAU faculty received a strong positive response, and the respondents were also impressed with and agreed on trainer knowledge, session management, communication and expertise on training topics. Conclusions: The positive response indicates the readiness of IAU to provide the necessary support (tools, information and updates) required for a successful online educational process.
Modifications to the delivery of NHS face-to-face general practice consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Authors: Duncan Lorna J. , Cheng Kelly F.D. 
Published: August 2021

Background: To minimise transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, delivery of English general practice consultations was modified in March 2020 to enable separation of diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 patients from others. Remote triage and consultations became the default, with adapted face-to-face contact used only when clinically necessary. This study aimed to identify the modified face-to-face delivery models used nationwide in spring/summer 2020. Information was also sought concerning COVID-19 outbreaks linked to English general practice. Methods: In June 2020, a survey was sent by email to the 135 Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England to identify local organisation of face-to-face general practice consultations since March 2020. An email was sent to Public Health England (PHE) requesting data on COVID-19 outbreaks linked to general practice. Results: All CCGs responded. Between March and July 2020, separation of COVID-19 patients from others was achieved using combinations of the following models: zoned surgeries (reported by 47% of CCGs), where COVID-19 and other patients were separated within their own practice;‘hot’ or ‘cold’ hubs (reported by 90% of CCGs), separate sites where COVID-19 or other patients registered at one of several collaborating practices were seen;‘hot’ and ‘cold’ home visits (reported by 70% of CCGs). One of seven combinations of these models was used across each CCG, with some flexibility shown according to changing demand through hub availability. PHE data indicated 25 possible or confirmed COVID-19 outbreaks or clusters in English general practice to July 31st 2020. Conclusions: Varied, flexible ways of delivering face-to-face general practice consultations were identified. Analysis of the modified delivery in terms of management of COVID-19 and other conditions, and impacts on staff and patients, together with learning from investigations into confirmed COVID-19 outbreaks, may both aid future pandemic management and identify beneficial elements for practice beyond this.
A signaling pathway-driven bioinformatics pipeline for predicting therapeutics against emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Scott Tiana M. , Jensen Sam , Pickett Brett E. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a novel Betacoronavirus that was first reported in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The virus has since caused a worldwide pandemic that highlights the need to quickly identify potential prophylactic or therapeutic treatments that can reduce the signs, symptoms, and/or spread of disease when dealing with a novel infectious agent. To combat this problem, we constructed a computational pipeline that uniquely combines existing tools to predict drugs and biologics that could be repurposed to combat an emerging pathogen. Methods: Our workflow analyzes RNA-sequencing data to determine differentially expressed genes, enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and dysregulated pathways in infected cells, which can then be used to identify US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that target human proteins within these pathways. We used this pipeline to perform a meta-analysis of RNA-seq data from cells infected with three Betacoronavirus species including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV; SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV; MERS), and SARS-CoV-2, as well as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus to identify therapeutics that could be used to treat COVID-19. Results: This analysis identified twelve existing drugs, most of which already have FDA-approval, that are predicted to counter the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results were cross-referenced with interventional clinical trials and other studies in the literature to identify drugs on our list that had previously been identified or used as treatments for COIVD-19 including canakinumab, anakinra, tocilizumab, sarilumab, and baricitinib. Conclusions: While the results reported here are specific to Betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, our bioinformatics pipeline can be used to quickly identify candidate therapeutics for future emerging infectious diseases.
Existing cost-effectiveness analyses for diseases caused by Group A Streptococcus: A systematic review to guide future research
Authors: Lee Jung-Seok , Kim Sol , Excler Jean-Louis , Kim Jerome , Mogasale Vittal 
Published: August 2021

Background: Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) causes a broad spectrum of disease manifestations, ranging from benign symptoms including throat or skin infections, to fatal illness such as rheumatic heart disease, or chronic renal failure. Currently, there is no vaccine available against Strep A infections. Despite the high burden of Strep A-associated infections worldwide, little attention has been paid to the research of these diseases, including standardized surveillance programs, resulting in a lack of economic evaluations for prevention efforts. This study aims at identifying existing cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) on any Strep A infections. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed electronic database. Results: Of a total of 321, 44 articles met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, CEA studies on Strep A remain limited in number. In particular, a number of available CEA studies on Strep A are disproportionately lower in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Decision-analytic models were the most popular choice for CEA on Strep A. A majority of the models considered pharyngitis and acute rheumatic fever, but it was rare to observe a model which covered a wide range of disease manifestations. Conclusions: Future research is needed to address missing clinical outcomes, imbalance on study locations by income group, and the transmission dynamic of selected diseases.
Economic Geology Models 5. Specialty, Critical, Battery, Magnet and Photovoltaic Materials: Market Facts, Projections and Implications for Exploration and Development
Authors: Simandl Laura , Simandl George J. , Paradis Suzanne 
Published: August 2021

Many exploration companies are now focusing on specialty materials that are associated with so-called ‘green technology’. These include ‘battery materials’, ‘magnet materials’ and ‘photovoltaic materials’, and many such commodities are also broadly labelled as ‘critical materials’ because they are seen as vital for industrial development, societal needs or national security. The definitions used for such materials are not always consistent among jurisdictions or across industry, and this paper attempts to clarify the criteria and address some common misconceptions. The distinction between major minerals (e.g. base metals) and ‘specialty materials’ (i.e. those mined or produced in much smaller amounts) is particularly important. The markets for many specialty materials are growing faster than those for traditional ferrous, precious and base metals and they are often portrayed as excellent long-term investment opportunities. However, the small market bases for specialty materials and considerable uncertainty around growth projections (especially related to material substitutions and rapid technological change) need to be taken into consideration for objective assessment of the development potential of any proposed project, establishment of new supply chains by major corporations, and responsible decision-making (mineral policy) by government. In the short-term, projects aimed at specialty materials (materials with a small market base) cannot benefit from economy of scale, and their development hinges on commercially proven metallurgical processes, unless they are supported by governments or end-users. Several specialty metals (e.g. germanium, indium, cadmium, and cobalt) are commonly obtained as by-product of base metal extraction. In such cases, systematic testing of base metal ores for their specialty metal content may justify the addition of relevant recovery circuits to existing smelters. If positive results are obtained, the need for targeting new sources of such specialty metals as primary exploration targets may be reduced or eliminated. Where market conditions permit and concerns about the future availability of materials seem reliable, grass-roots exploration for specialty materials is warranted, and pre-competitive government involvement may be justified to promote such development efforts.
Assortment Optimization and Pricing Under the Multinomial Logit Model with Impatient Customers: Sequential Recommendation and Selection
Authors: Gao Pin , Ma Yuhang , Chen Ningyuan , Gallego Guillermo , Li Anran , Rusmevichientong Paat , Topaloglu Huseyin 
Published: August 2021

Sequential Recommendation Under the Multinomial Logit Model with Impatient Customers In many applications, customers incrementally view a subset of offered products and make purchasing decisions before observing all the offered products. In this case, the decision faced by a firm is not only what assortment of products to offer, but also in what sequence to offer the products. In “Assortment Optimization and Pricing Under the Multinomial Logit Model with Impatient Customers: Sequential Recommendation and Selection”, Gao, Ma, Chen, Gallego, Li, Rusmevichientong, and Topaloglu propose a choice model where each customer incrementally view the assortment of products in multiple stages, and their patience level determines the maximum number of stages. Under this choice model, the authors develop a polynomial-time algorithm that finds a revenue-maximizing sequence of assortments. If the sequence of assortments is fixed, the problem of finding revenue-maximizing prices can be transformed to a convex program. They combine these results to develop an effective approximation algorithm when both the sequence of assortments and prices are decision variables.
Surdez, TDAH e contagem: a experiência de João à luz da teoria dos campos conceituais
Authors: Rezende Veridiana , Nogueira Clélia Maria Ignatius , Zanquetta Maria Emília Melo Tamanini 
Published: August 2021

A partir da releitura das informações produzidas em uma investigação anterior, obtidas a partir de uma sequência didática de situações de estruturas aditivas, implementada de forma dialógica e coletadas por meio de filmagens e analisados à luz da teoria dos Campos Conceituais, este artigo apresenta a análise, sustentada na Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, do desempenho de um aluno surdo e com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, em relação a dois aspectos: o referente a construção de seus conhecimentos matemáticos, inferida mediante a constatação da evolução e consolidação de seu esquema de contagem e o socioemocional, identificado mediante a constatação do desenvolvimento de sua autonomia, acarretando em maior autoestima. Como resultados didático-pedagógicos, a releitura aponta para a importância de que atividades canônicas de contagem, como a de cartas, por exemplo, quando propostas a estudantes surdos, precisam ser pensadas, considerando as especificidades da Libras, sua língua natural e para as possibilidades de desenvolvimento cognitivo e da capacidade de manutenção de diálogos possibilitados pela forma dialógica adotada na implementação da sequência didática.
Tricks and pitfalls in the surgical treatment of malignant bone tumours of the forearm in children and adolescents
Authors: Erol Bulent , Sofulu Omer 
Published: August 2021

Malignant bone tumours around the forearm are rare. Nowadays, oncological and surgical management of bone sarcomas of this region has improved significantly. Although the anatomical features are complex, limb-sparing surgery is possible with wide surgical resection. Biological reconstruction methods are promising in this anatomically unique region. In addition, meticulous soft-tissue reconstruction yields good functional results in the hand and wrist. This study reviews malignant bone tumours of the forearm and their oncological and surgical management. Malignant bone tumours should be treated with a multidisciplinary approach based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and limb salvage procedures.
Colorectal cancer in the young – outcomes following surgical management?
Authors: Newton L , Munro T , Hamid M , Shabbir J 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer deaths. The incidence of CRC in young adults and the adolescent population is increasing. This study aims to highlight short-term outcomes for young patients with CRC.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for all patients aged less than 50 years diagnosed with CRC at a university teaching hospital between October 2012 and June 2018. The primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 120 patients (65 males, 55 females) with CRC aged under 50 years were initially included; 20 did not receive surgical treatment (12 metastatic adenocarcinoma, 5 metastatic squamous cell cancer (SCC), 3 neuroendocrine tumours (NET)), and 13 patients had insufficient data for analysis and were excluded. A total of 87 patients underwent surgical intervention and 66 with diagnosis of adenocarcinoma were included in survival analysis. Median age of patients was 42 years (19–49 years). Cancer recurrence was seen in 14 patients, 10 showing local, 3 liver and 1 lung metastasis. The median OS was 28 months (3–156 months). The median DFS was 13 months (3–85 months). Overall 5-year survival and DFS were 72% and 59%, respectively. Median survival in the group who did not undergo surgery was 4.5 months (1–15 months).ConclusionsCRC is often more advanced and aggressive in younger patients. Current guidelines can result in young patients being investigated/treated for other gastrointestinal conditions before referral for CRC investigation.
Simulation and measurement of systematic errors of stitching interferometry for high precision X-ray mirrors with large radius of curvature
Authors: Wu Qiaoyu , Huang Qiushi , Yu Jun , Xu Xudong , Qi Runze , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: August 2021

To accurately measure the surface figure of curved mirrors with large radius of curvature (RoC) using stitching interferometry methods, three types of measurement errors are systematically studied, including retrace error, defocusing error within a single subaperture, and stitching angle error among different subapertures. It was found that part of the retrace error caused by the mismatch between the reference wavefront and reflected wavefront has little effect, while the overall retrace error, including the influence of the imperfect optical elements, will cause an error of 1–2 nm RMS within a single subaperture. Defocusing error will enlarge the error due to amplification of optical path error caused by the deviation of the position of the CCD. Because the error is mainly in the edge area, a slope threshold, which controls the maximum surface slope of each subaperture, can be optimized to reduce the effect of the defocus on stitching measurement error. Constant angle error among neighboring subapertures has the biggest accumulation effect on the final stitched figure. For the spherical mirror with RoC of 100 m of

80

m
m

×

40

m
m

, the error of the one-dimensional residual profile is 4.67 nm PV, assuming a constant angle error of

2

×

10

−
7

r
a
d

. For the elliptical mirror with RoC of 60–140 m, it is more than 15 nm peak-to-valley (PV). It is because the profile difference caused by constant angle error is closer to a circle, which can be mostly removed after subtraction of a best-fit sphere. Based on the above error analysis, the developed algorithm-based stitching method was used to measure an elliptical cylindrical mirror of

74

m
m

×

40

m
m

with RoC of 60–140 m, and the result was compared with a slope measurement instrument from the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. After removing the best fitting ellipse profile, the one-dimensional difference between the two results is only 0.77 nm RMS, which demonstrated good measurement accuracy.
Silicon slotted photonic crystal cavities fabricated by deep-ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Hoang Thi Hong Cam , van Nguyen Thuy , Pham Thanh Binh , Pham Van Dai , Pham Van Hoi , Le Roux Xavier , Monfray Stephane , Boeuf Frédéric , Vivien Laurent , Cassan Eric , Alonso-Ramos Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Slotted photonic crystal (SPC) cavities provide strong evanescent fields, high quality factors, and small mode volumes. Hence, SPC cavities have been identified as promising candidates for the implementation of high-performance sensors and the development of hybrid devices combining silicon with other active materials. Nevertheless, most state-of-the-art demonstrations rely on electron beam lithography and operate in the telecommunications band near the 1550 nm wavelength. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of SPC cavities operating in the datacom O-band, near 1340 nm wavelength, fabricated using deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. The O-band provides very interesting properties for sensing, communications, and hybrid integration: namely, lower optical absorption of water, lower dispersion in standard optical fibers, and the emission of active materials like carbon nanotubes. On the other hand, DUV fabrication opens interesting opportunities for large volume production. The proposed cavities exhibit a high quality factor exceeding 20,000 and a small mode volume of

0.023

(
λ

/

n

)
3

. These results open interesting perspectives to exploit enhanced light–matter interaction in SPC cavities harnessing industrial-like fabrication processes.
Theoretical and experimental studies of output coupling ratio tunable double-corner-cube-retroreflector ring cavity
Authors: Zhang Zhenguo , Ju Youlun 
Published: August 2021

The polarization state in a double-corner-cube-retroreflector (DCCR) ring cavity is analyzed using Jones matrix. Based on the analysis results, an output coupling ratio tunable DCCR ring cavity created by employing a polarization beam splitter, and wave plates (including

λ

/

2

plate and

λ

/

4

plate) is studied theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical output coupling ratio tuning ranges are calculated as

0.01

%

∼

80.86

%

by rotating the

λ

/

2

plate,

0

∼

89.32

%

by rotating the

λ

/

4

plate, and

2.71

%

∼

81.37

%

by rotating corner-cube retroreflector (CCR). The experimental measurement results are consistent with theoretical expectations. An output coupling ratio tunable Er:YAG laser with a DCCR ring cavity is also set up to verify the beneficial effect of output coupling ratio tuning. At given pump power, by tuning the output coupling ratio, the laser obtains optimum operation efficiency and realizes wavelength conversion between 1645 and 1617 nm.
Pixel MTF response effect on non-null interferometry
Authors: Tangari Larrategui Martin , Zhang Yanqi , Brown Thomas G. , Ellis Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2021

The pixel modulation transfer function response degrades the contrast of non-null interferometric surface figure measurements. We experimentally quantify this effect for spatial frequencies ranging from 0 to 363 lp/mm (

≈

3.33

times the Nyquist limit). Our results show a low SNR spatial frequency band that behaves like a low-pass filter for sub-Nyquist interferometry and a stop-band filter for multiple-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry. We also introduce a multiple-mode, multiple-wavelength interferometry approach to measure optical surfaces with slope departure angles mapping to spatial frequencies in this low SNR band. The extended measurement range of this approach is achieved without using a sparse-array detector.
Fast size estimation of single-levitated nanoparticles in a vacuum optomechanical system
Authors: Li Cui-Hong , Jing Jiang , Zhou Lei-Ming , Fu Zhen-Hai , Gao Xiao-Wen , Li Nan , Chen Xing-Fan , Hu Hui-Zhu 
Published: August 2021

Optical trapping of single nanoparticles in vacuum has various applications in both precise measurements and fundamental physics. However, to date, the number and size of randomly loaded nanoparticles in an optical trap is difficult to determine unless in vacuum. In this Letter, an efficient method for nanoparticle size estimation in an optical tweezer system before the evacuation of air was proposed and demonstrated experimentally, using scattering light from levitated particles. The particle radii deduced from the scattering light power in our proposal and from the kinetic theory of particles in gas match well (with the differences of less than

10
%

). For sample particles with radii ranging within 50–100 nm, we also provide a preselection rule based on this method, where over half of the trapped particles are verified as single particles. Such a particle analysis method is applicable also for the size estimation of levitated diamond particles, gold particles, and other plasmonic particles and can be applied to discovering novel scattering effects.