bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable agriculture supply chain network design considering water‐energy‐food nexus using queuing system: A hybrid robust possibilistic programming
Authors: Baghizadeh Komeyl , Cheikhrouhou Naoufel , Govindan Kannan , Ziyarati Mahboubeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the nature of the agricultural and food industry, the management of production, storage, transportation, waste disposal and environmental effects of their production, are of great importance. To deal with the sustainability issues linked to their supply chains, we propose in this study a mathematical model to design a sustainable supply chain of highly perishable agricultural product (strawberry). The model is a multiperiod, multiproduct multiobjective MINLP mathematical program that takes into consideration economic, social and environmental objectives to cover all aspects of sustainability. In addition, a G/M/S/M queuing system is developed for the transportation of harvested products between facilities for the first time. Since real‐world problems related to industries such as food and agriculture are inherently uncertain, in this model, the important parameters of the problem are considered uncertain using fuzzy sets theory and a hybrid robust possibilistic programming model is developed. In addition, the Epsilon constraint approach converts the multiobjective mathematical model into a single‐objective one and the Lagrangian relaxation method is used to effectively solve the model on a large scale. A case study in Iran is provided to investigate the results and discuss the solutions. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the impacts of important parameters on the solution. According to the analysis, equipping greenhouses with drip irrigation system and using solar panels in greenhouses, respectively, have the greatest impact on improving all target functions.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Multiobjective optimization shows trade‐offs among conflicting objective function and assists decision‐making to enhance sustainable agriculture industry.

Focus on transportation system in fresh product will lead to less waste.

The use of solar panels and drip irrigation helps to minimize water and energy consumption and CO2 emission.
Anatomical Evaluation of Spinal Nerve and Cervical Intervertebral Foramina in Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion Surgery: A Cadaveric and Radiologic Study
Authors: Kong Qing‐Jie , Sun Xiao‐Fei , Fu Zhi‐Yi , Wang Yuan , Sun Jing‐Chuan , Sun Pei‐Dong , Xu Xi‐Ming , Guo Yong‐Fei , Ou‐yang Jun , Zhong Shi‐Zhen , Shi Jian‐Gang 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo achieve the anatomical evaluation of spinal nerve and cervical intervertebral foramina in anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) surgery, a novel surgical technique with the wider decompression, through a cadaveric and radiologic study.MethodsRadiographic data of consecutive 47 patients (21 by ACAF and 26 by anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion [ACCF]) who have accepted surgery for treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) and stenosis from March 2017 to March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and compared between an ACAF group and ACCF group. Three postoperative radiographic parameters were evaluated: the decompression width and the satisfaction rate of decompression at the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina on computed tomography (CT), and the transverse diameter of spinal cord in the decompression levels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the anatomic study, three fresh cadaveric spines (death within 3 months) undergoing ACAF surgery were also studied. Four anatomic parameters were evaluated: the width of groove, the distance between the bilateral origins of ventral rootlets, the length of ventral rootlet from their origin to the intervertebral foramina, the descending angle of ventral rootlet.ResultsThe groove created in ACAF surgery included the bilateral origins of ventral rootlets. The rootlets tended to be vertical from the rostral to the caudal direction as their takeoff points from the central thecal sac became higher and farther away from their corresponding intervertebral foramina gradually. No differences were identified between left and right in terms of the length of ventral rootlet from the origin to the intervertebral foramina and the descending angle of ventral rootlet. The decompression width was significantly greater in ACAF group (19.2 ± 1.2 vs 14.7 ± 1.2, 21.3 ± 2.2 vs 15.4 ± 0.9, 21.5 ± 2.1 vs 15.7 ± 1.0, 21.9 ± 1.6 vs 15.9 ± 0.8, from C3 to C6). The satisfactory rate of decompression at the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina tended to be better in the left side in ACAF group (significant differences were identified in the left side at C3/4, C4/5, C6/7 level, and in the right side at C4/5 level when compared with ACCF). And decompression width was significantly greater than the transverse diameter of spinal cord in ACAF group. Comparatively, there existed no significant difference in the ACCF group besides the C5 level.ConclusionACAF can decompress the entrance zone of intervertebral foramina effectively and its decompression width includes the origins and massive running part of bilateral ventral rootlets. Due to its wider decompression range, ACAF can be used as a revision strategy for the patients with failed ACCF.
A fatal case of malignant atrophic papulosis in a pediatric patient
Authors: Schaefer Lauren S. , Wampler Muskardin Theresa , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Wieland Carilyn , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 17‐year‐old Caucasian boy presented with progressive left‐sided weakness, transient slurred speech, and skin lesions characterized by 3‐5 mm, pink, asymptomatic papules with white atrophic centers on his central abdomen, back, and lower extremities. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant atrophic papulosis, a rare vasculopathy that leads to the occlusion of small‐ and medium‐sized arteries. He was treated with cyclophosphamide, eculizumab, treprostinil, pentoxifylline, heparin, and acetylsalicylic acid. Despite the aggressive immunosuppression, humanized monoclonal antibodies, and antiplatelet therapy, he died two months after presentation. We report this case to highlight diagnostic features, as well as to highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
How to explain the possibility of wholesale moral error: a reply to Akhlaghi
Authors: Evers Daan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFarbod Akhlaghi has argued that noncognitivists and naturalists cannot explain the epistemic possibility of wholesale moral error. He thinks this shows that noncognitivism and naturalism are false. I argue that noncognitivists and naturalists have no trouble explaining the epistemic possibility of wholesale moral error and that the requirement to explain this possibility is plausible only on one particular conception of epistemic possibility.
Targeting regulatory T cells in anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhulai Galina , Oleinik Eugenia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand (PD‐L) pathway and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Their activation in the tumour microenvironment contributes to the evasion of the transformed cells from the immune surveillance and the suppression of an antitumour immune response. Therefore, PD‐1/PD‐L1 and Tregs are important targets for cancer immunotherapy. Our review focuses on the current role of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in Treg development and function in the tumour microenvironment. We also discuss combination therapy with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors and Treg‐modulating agents affecting the adenosinergic pathway, TGF‐β signalling, immune checkpoints and other approaches to downregulation of Tregs.
Research on tactile perception by skin friction based on a multimodal method
Authors: Chen Si , Qiao Xiaoqi , Yang Jianan , Ru Weimin , Tang Wei , Zhang Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTactile perception is an essential function of skin. As this research involves many fields, such as skin friction, psychology, and neuroscience, the achievement tactile perception is scattered in various fields with different research methods. Therefore, it is necessary to study the whole tactile loop in a multimodal way, synchronizing all tactile information.Materials and methodsTo measure information from touch to haptics, we developed a specially designed measuring platform connecting to an electroencephalogram (EEG) recording system. Sandpapers with different roughness were used as samples. First, the surface properties were measured in tribological experiments. Second, psychophysical experiments were conducted to assess the volunteers’ cognition of samples’ roughness. Third, the mechanical parameters and EEG were measured at the same time during fingertip sliding on samples. Then, the data of all four tactile elements were processed and analyzed separately. The characteristic features were extracted from those data in the time‐frequency domain. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient was calculated in the pairwise comparison of each element to evaluate the feasibility of the multimodal method in the study of tactile perception.ResultsThe 600‐mesh sandpaper has the largest Ra, Rz, Rsm, and particle size. The normal load, friction force, spectral centroid, and α‐ and β‐wave energy ratios of EEG at chosen electrodes have significant differences and correlations between 3000‐ and 600‐mesh sandpaper in general.ConclusionThis multimodal method could be used in the study of tactile perception, which is a comprehensive way to observe the whole tactile loop from multiple perspectives.
Using a video presentation on variance and covariance in the teaching of statistics
Authors: Austerschmidt Kim L. , Stappert Alexander , Heusel Hanna , Bebermeier Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe outline the use and evaluation of a video presentation about variance and covariance developed to motivate students to process the topics and to enhance their skills. We outline the structure and the content of the video presentation and present data of an evaluation study. Students in different subjects who must pass statistics courses (N = 114) participated in an online survey with randomized controlled design and repeated measurement. Results indicate that students who watched the video presentation significantly improved on their skills, compared to a control group reading a textbook section about the same topics. The video presentation was judged as more satisfying and useful for learning than the text. We discuss application scenarios and further teaching implications. Ideally a longitudinal study should investigate effects of continuous learning with video presentations, changes in motivation, anxiety, and attitudes as well as effects for students of different subjects.
Outcomes of dogs with thymoma treated with intensity modulated stereotactic body radiation therapy or non‐modulated hypofractionated radiation therapy
Authors: Trageser Erin , Martin Tiffany , Hoaglund Elizabeth , Leary Del , LaRue Susan , Boss Mary‐Keara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanine thymomas are routinely treated with radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we investigate the response and toxicity of canine thymoma treated with intensity‐modulated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) relative to dogs treated with hypofractionated non‐modulated radiation therapy (NMRT). A retrospective study was performed of dogs with thymoma treated with RT (total: n = 15; SBRT: n = 8, NMRT: n = 7). Tumour response was evaluated in six dogs (40%); following SBRT, three dogs (100%) experienced stable disease (SD); following NMRT, one dog (33%) had a PR, and two dogs (67%) had SD. Median PFS was 116 days (range 66–727 days) for the SBRT group and 134 days (range 10–405 days) for the NMRT group. The MST for the SBRT group was 250 days (range 1–727 days) and 155 days (range 10–405 days) for NMRT. Median disease‐specific survival was 250 days (range 1–727 days) for the SBRT group and 169 days (range 20–405 days) for the NMRT group. No significant differences in survival data were found between the treatment groups, however the results from the small number of dogs analysed are likely underpowered for statistical comparisons. Reported acute and late side effects were limited to the lungs and heart and were statistically significantly more common in the NMRT (71%) compared to the SBRT group (25%) (p = .04). We suggest similar treatment efficacy may be provided for canine thymoma treated with either approach, but SBRT could provide the clinical benefit of reduced incidence of radiation‐induced toxicity and completion of RT in a shorter time frame.
Anthropic Influences on the Quality of Underground Waters for Human Consumption in Russas, Ceará, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Sousa Joyce Shantala Fernandes de Oliveira , Gadelha Amanda Aragão Moraes , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos , Silva Neto Cláudio Ângelo da , Salgueiro Ana Rita , Cavalcante Itabaraci Nazareno 
Published: December 2021

In regions with semi-arid characteristics, groundwater is a precious source of water supply, mainly from alluvium, due to the decent quality of its waters. However, the sandy texture favors vulnerability, and the infiltration and percolation of fluids increase the risk of contamination of the aquifer in the presence of polluting sources. The population’s knowledge about these problems is still ephemeral, which can lead to the consumption of contaminated water, putting health at risk. Thus, research was conducted in the municipality of Russas – Ceará, to study the quality of groundwater, the possible polluting sources in the urban area, and assess the possible risks to human health. First, technical visits for reconnaissance and survey of information were conducted, such as possible polluting sources and situations of existing wells. The selection of wells to collect water followed criteria of proximity to polluting sources, well conditions, and, mainly, those linked to the use of water for human consumption. The result showed that 43% of the samples are above the limits proved by Brazilian legislation for turbidity, total hardness, TDS, sodium, chloride, and nitrate, while the others are withinthe standard. Concerning chlorides and nitrates, the concentrations show there is possibly a relationship with anthropic contaminants(agricultural area; domestic effluents) for the aquifer recharge areas and condition common problems to human health. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to continue research in Medical Geology that will enable the monitoring and future management of water quality of groundwater for the population.
Three-Dimensional Permeability of Thick-Section Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composite by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding
Authors: Pedneau Ethan R. , Wang Su Su 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Determination of permeability of thick-section glass fabric preforms with fabric layers of different architectures is critical for manufacturing large, thick composite structures with complex geometry, such as wind turbine blades. The thick-section reinforcement permeability is inherently three-dimensional and needs to be obtained for accurate composite processing modeling and analysis. Numerical simulation of the liquid stage of vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) is important to advance the composite manufacturing process and reduce processing-induced defects. In this research, the 3D permeability of thick-section E-glass fabric reinforcement preforms is determined, and the results are validated by a comparison between flow front progressions from experiments and from numerical simulations using ansys fluent software. The orientation of the principal permeability axes were unknown prior to experiments. The approach used in this research differs from those in literature in that the through-thickness permeability is determined as a function of flow front positions along the principal axes and the in-plane permeabilities and is not dependent on the inlet radius. The approach was tested on reinforcements with fabric architectures which vary through-the-thickness direction, such as those in a spar cap of a wind turbine blade. The computational simulations of the flow-front progression through-the-thickness were consistent with experimental observations.
Patient-specific factors associated with use of diabetes self-management education and support programs in Louisiana
Authors: Yoshida Yilin , Hong Dongzhe , Nauman Elizabeth , Price-Haywood Eboni G , Bazzano Alessandra N , Stoecker Charles , Hu Gang , Shen Yun , Katzmarzyk Peter T , Fonseca Vivian A , Shi Lizheng 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe prevalence of diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) use among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and patients with insulin prescription has not been evaluated. It is also unclear what demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors associated with use of DSME/S.Research design and methodsThis retrospective analysis was based on electronic health records from the Research Action for Health Network (2013–2019). Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were identified as 35–94 year-olds diagnosed with T2DM≥1 year after the first recorded office visit. Patients with insulin were identified by the first insulin prescription records. DSME/S (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System G0108 and G0109) codes that occurred from 2 months before the ‘new diagnosis date’ or first insulin prescription date through 1 year after were defined as use of DSME/S. Age-matched controls (non-users) were identified from the Electronic Health Records (EHR). The date of first DSME/S record was selected as the index date. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between patient factors and use of DSME/S.ResultsThe prevalence of DSME/S use was 6.5% (8909/137 629) among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and 32.7% (13,152/40,212) among patients with diabetes taking insulin. Multivariable analysis found that among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, black and male patients were less likely to use DSME/S, while in patients with insulin, they were more likely to use the service compared with white and female counterparts, respectively. Among patients taking insulin, those with private insurance or self-pay status were significantly less likely, while those with Medicaid were more likely to use the service compared with their Medicare counterparts. A strong positive association was found between HbA1c, obesity, and DSME/S use in both cohorts, while hypertension was negatively associated with DSME/S in both cohorts.ConclusionWe showed a low rate of DSME/S use in Louisiana, especially in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Our findings demonstrated heterogeneity in factors influencing DSME/S use between patients with newly diagnosed T2D and patients with insulin.
Lactobacillus gallinarummodulates the gut microbiota and produces anti-cancer metabolites to protect against colorectal tumourigenesis
Authors: Sugimura Naoki , Li Qing , Chu Eagle Siu Hong , Lau Harry Cheuk Hay , Fong Winnie , Liu Weixin , Liang Cong , Nakatsu Geicho , Su Anthony Chin Yang , Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola , Wu William Ka Kei , Chan Francis Ka Leung , Yu Jun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveUsing faecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified the depletion ofLactobacillus gallinarumin patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the potential antitumourigenic role ofL. gallinarumin colorectal tumourigenesis.DesignThe tumor-suppressive effect ofL. gallinarumwas assessed in murine models of CRC. CRC cell lines and organoids derived from patients with CRC were cultured withL. gallinarumorEscherichia coliMG1655 culture-supernatant to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Gut microbiota was assessed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Antitumour molecule produced fromL. gallinarumwas identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and targeted mass spectrometry.ResultsL. gallinarumsignificantly reduced intestinal tumour number and size compared withE. coliMG1655 and phosphate-buffered saline in both male and female murine intestinal tumourigenesis models. Faecal microbial profiling revealed enrichment of probiotics and depletion of pathogenic bacteria inL. gallinarum-treated mice. Culturing CRC cells withL. gallinarumculture-supernatant (5%, 10% and 20%) concentration-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation.L. gallinarumculture-supernatant significantly promoted apoptosis in CRC cells and patient-derived CRC organoids, but not in normal colon epithelial cells. OnlyL. gallinarumculture-supernatant with fraction size <3 kDa suppressed proliferation in CRC cells. Using LC-MS/MS, enrichments of indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) was identified in bothL. gallinarumculture-supernatant and the gut ofL. gallinarum-treated mice. ILA displayed anti-CRC growthin vitroand inhibited intestinal tumourigenesisin vivo.ConclusionL. gallinarumprotects against intestinal tumourigenesis by producing protective metabolites that can promote apoptosis of CRC cells.
Adding complex fermions to the Grassmannian-like coset model
Authors: Ahn Changhyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetric coset model, $$\frac{SU(N+M)_k \times SO(2 N M)_1}{ SU(N)_{k+M} \times U(1)_{ N M (N+M)(k+N+M)}}$$

S
U

(
N
+
M
)

k

×
S
O

(
2
N
M
)

1

S
U

(
N
)

k
+
M

×
U

(
1
)

N
M
(
N
+
M
)
(
k
+
N
+
M
)

, we construct the SU(M) nonsinglet $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

multiplet of spins $$(1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 2)$$

(
1
,

3
2

,

3
2

,
2
)

in terms of coset fields. The next SU(M) singlet and nonsinglet $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

multiplets of spins $$(2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3)$$

(
2
,

5
2

,

5
2

,
3
)

are determined by applying the $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetry currents of spin $$\frac{3}{2}$$

3
2

to the bosonic singlet and nonsinglet currents of spin 3 in the bosonic coset model. We also obtain the operator product expansions (OPEs) between the currents of the $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

superconformal algebra and above three kinds of $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

multiplets. These currents in two dimensions play the role of the asymptotic symmetry, as the generators of $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

“rectangular W-algebra”, of the $$M \times M$$

M
×
M

matrix generalization of $$\mathcal{N}=2$$

N
=
2

$$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

higher spin theory in the bulk. The structure constants in the right hand sides of these OPEs are dependent on the three parameters k, N and M explicitly. Moreover, the OPEs between SU(M) nonsinglet $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

multiplet of spins $$(1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, 2)$$

(
1
,

3
2

,

3
2

,
2
)

and itself are analyzed in detail. The complete OPE between the lowest component of the SU(M) singlet $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

multiplet of spins $$(2, \frac{5}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, 3)$$

(
2
,

5
2

,

5
2

,
3
)

and itself is described. In particular, when $$M=2$$

M
=
2

, it is known that the above $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetric coset model provides the realization of the extension of the large $${{\mathcal {N}}}=4$$

N
=
4

nonlinear superconformal algebra. We determine the currents of the large $${{\mathcal {N}}}=4$$

N
=
4

nonlinear superconformal algebra and the higher spin-$$\frac{3}{2}, 2$$

3
2

,
2

currents of the lowest $${{\mathcal {N}}}=4$$

N
=
4

multiplet for generic k and N in terms of the coset fields. For the remaining higher spin-$$\frac{5}{2},3$$

5
2

,
3

currents of the lowest $$\mathcal{N}=4$$

N
=
4

multiplet, some of the results are given.