bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial steps on mapping differentially expressed proteins in bovine preantral follicles and ovarian tissue: An approach using single‐follicle MALDI‐MS and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analysis
Authors: Paulini Fernanda , Araujo Michelle Silva , Silva Luciano Paulino , Lucci Carolina Madeira 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms regulating follicular development and ensuring primordial follicle activation remain undefined. To help elucidate these mechanisms, this proteomic study of bovine ovarian tissue identified the differential molecular profiles of preantral follicles together with the spatial distribution of the most abundant molecular components in the tissue. Isolated primordial, primary and secondary follicles were individually placed on a MALDI target plate for mass spectral acquisitions, with detection of different m/z ranges. Ovarian tissue was sectioned and analysed in the m/z 400–2,000 range. Results of the first analysis indicated a similarity pattern in the molecular protein profile among different follicular classes in the m/z ranges of 100–1000 and 25,000–200,000, but in the m/z ranges of 800–4000, 4000–20,000 and 15,000–70,000, primary and secondary follicles shared similar clustering profiles which were different from primordial follicles (p < .05). In the second analysis, it was possible to correlate some intense molecular components in the tissue from global mass spectrum with the ions detected in the first analysis. Molecular components at m/z 11,325 (±230) were also detected in primary and secondary follicles in the experiment with isolated follicles, in addition to ions at m/z 4,029 (±120), 13,799 (±70), 5,547 (±9), 15,313 (±200), 7,018 (±40) and 7,663 (±90) which were also intensely detected in primary and secondary follicles. The present proteomic approaches evaluated different mass ranges of preantral follicles in bovine ovarian tissue and also indicated the spatial distribution of the most abundant molecular components. This study hopes to pave the way for future research identifying and characterizing specific proteins involved in follicle activation in bovine follicles, in order to better understand folliculogenesis and potentially improve mammalian follicle culture systems.
Assessing Hail Risk for Property Insurers with a Dependent Marked Point Process
Authors: Shi Peng , Fung Glenn M. , Dickinson Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHail risk is among the most challenging perils to insure and property damage due to hailstones has been on the top of the list of annual claims for most non-life insurers. In this article, we present a simple yet flexible statistical model for insurers to assess and manage hail risks from two aspects: analysing the insurance claims arrival pattern upon occurrence of a hailstorm and quantifying the subsequent financial impact of the hailstorm. We formulate the problem using a marked point process where the reporting of insurance claims due to a hailstorm is treated as recurrent events and the claim amounts are viewed as associated marks. Three complications are addressed in model building: the unobserved heterogeneity in claim arrival, the dependence between the event time and the mark and the complex distribution in claim amount. Using a unique data that combine the exposure data from a major US insurer and the radar data from a third-party vendor, we show the proposed method help improve predictive analytics for post-hailstorm claims volume, arrival rate and severity, and thus claim management decisions for the insurer.
Over 55 years of critical power: Fact or artifact?
Authors: Gorostiaga Esteban M. , Sánchez‐Medina Luis , Garcia‐Tabar Ibai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis report aims to generate an evidence‐based debate of the Critical Power (CP), or its analogous Critical Speed (CS), concept. Race times of top Spanish runners were utilized to calculate CS based on three (1500‐m to 5000‐m; CS1.5‐5km) and four (1500‐m to 10000‐m; CS1.5‐10km) distance performances. Male running world records from 1000 to 5000‐m (CS1‐5km), 1000 to 10,000‐m (CS1‐10km), 1000‐m to half marathon (CS1km‐half marathon), and 1000‐m to marathon (CS1km‐marathon) distance races were also utilized for CS calculations. CS1.5‐5km (19.62 km h−1) and CS1.5‐10km (18.68 km h−1) were different (p < 0.01), but both approached the average race speed of the longest distance chosen in the model, and were remarkably homogeneous among subjects (97% ±1% and 98% ±1%, respectively). Similar results were obtained using the world records. CS values progressively declined, until reaching a CS1km‐marathon value of 20.77 km h−1 (10% lower than CS1‐5km). Each CS value approached the average speed of the longest distance chosen in the model (96.4%–99.8%). A power function better fitted the speed‐time relationship compared with the standardized hyperbolic function. However, the horizontal asymptote of a power function is zero. This better approaches the classical definition of CP: the power output that can be maintained almost indefinitely without exhaustion. Beyond any sophisticated mathematical calculation, CS corresponds to 95%–99% of the average speed of the longest distance chosen as an exercise trial. CP could be considered a mathematical artifact rather than an important endurance performance marker. In such a case, the consideration of CP as a physiological “gold‐standard” should be reevaluated.
Dissecting the molecular mechanism of russeting in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics
Authors: Shi Chun‐Hui , Wang Xiao‐Qing , Xu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Xing , Qi Baoxiu , Jun Luo 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBrown coloration and a rough appearance as russet and semi‐russet (partial russet) are features unique to the popular Asian sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). The degree of russeting is different between different genotypes. Russeting is sensitive to water fluctuations, where excessive rainwater can trigger/stimulate its development. However, the molecular mechanism of russeting is currently unclear. Here, we employed multi‐omics, i.e., metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and analyzed the effect of different sand pear genotypes and artificial rainfall on russeting of pear fruits. This led to the identification of 79, 64, and 29 differentially produced/expressed metabolites, transcripts, and proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin, phenylpropane, cutin, and waxes. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes and their encoded proteins revealed that four of them exhibited high expression at both transcript and protein levels. Transient expression of one such gene, PbHHT1 (accession number 103966555), which encodes ω‐hydroxypalmitate‐O‐feruloyl transferase, in young green non‐russet fruits triggered premature suberization in the russeting pear genotypes. This coincided with increased production of 16‐feruloyloxypalmitic acid, a conjugated compound between phenols and esters during the polymerization for suberin formation. Collectively, our data from the combined three omics demonstrate that russeting in sand pear is a complex process involving the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and many other secondary metabolites.
A novel LRR‐RLK (CTLK) confers cold tolerance through regulation on the C‐repeat‐binding factor pathway, antioxidants, and proline accumulation
Authors: Geng Bohao , Wang Qi , Huang Risheng , Liu Yajie , Guo Zhenfei , Lu Shaoyun 
Published: October 2021

SummaryLeucine‐rich repeat‐receptor‐like kinase (LRR‐RLK) is a large subfamily of plant RLKs; however, its role in cold tolerance is still unknown. A novel cold tolerance LRR‐RLK gene (MtCTLK1) in Medicago truncatula was identified using the transgenic lines overexpressing MtCTLK1 (MtCTLK1‐OE) and mtctlk1 lines with Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion. Compared with the wild‐type, MtCTLK1‐OE lines had increased cold tolerance and mtctlk1 showed decreased cold tolerance. The impaired cold tolerance in mtctlk1 could be complemented by the transgenic expression of MtCTLK1 or its homolog MfCTLK1 from Medicago falcata. Antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation as well as transcript levels of the associated genes were increased in response to cold, with higher levels in MtCTLK1‐OE or lower levels in mtctlk1 lines as compared with wild type. C‐Repeat‐Binding Factors (CBFs) and CBF‐dependent cold‐responsive genes were also induced in response to cold, and higher transcript levels of CBFs and CBF‐dependent cold‐responsive genes were observed in MtCTLK1‐OE lines whereas lower levels in mtctlk1 mutants. The results validate the role of MtCTLK1 or MfCTLK1 in the regulation of cold tolerance through the CBF pathway, antioxidant defense system and proline accumulation. It also provides a valuable gene for the molecular breeding program to improve cold tolerance in crops.
Visits to general practitioners after iron‐related deferrals from blood donation in middle‐aged and older Australian blood donors
Authors: Karki Surendra , Davison Tanya E. , Liu Bette , Bell Katy , Olynyk John K. , Hayen Andrew , Irving David O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAustralian Red Cross Lifeblood (Lifeblood) advises donors to visit their general practitioner (GP) for medical follow‐up if they are deferred from donating due to having a lower than acceptable level of hemoglobin (Hb) and/or serum ferritin (iron‐related deferrals).MethodsWe used the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked to Lifeblood's donor datasets and other health administrative datasets. We examined the rate of visits to a GP after iron‐related deferral from donation, and investigated whether an early visit to a GP (within 30 days following the deferral) had an impact on return to make successful donation within 12, 18, and 24 months compared to a delayed or no GP visit.ResultsA total of 1928 donors underwent iron‐related deferral. The rate of visits to a GP in the first month after deferral was double the rate observed a month prior. However, only 52.4% of those deferred visited a GP early with slightly more than half of those receiving an iron‐monitoring test. Return to donate over the 24 months was lower in donors visiting their GP early (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97). Early GP visitors were likely to have a relatively poorer health than the delayed or no GP visit group.ConclusionsOnly half of the donors with an iron‐related deferral followed advice from Lifeblood and visited their GP within 30 days of deferral, and these donors have a significantly reduced likelihood of future successful blood donation which may be due to their relatively poorer health status.
Novel insights into negative pressure wound healing from an in situ porcine perspective
Authors: Hodge Jacob G. , Pistorio Ashley L. , Neal Christopher A. , Dai Hongyan , Nelson‐Brantley Jennifer G. , Steed Molly E. , Korentager Richard A. , Zamierowski David S. , Mellott Adam J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used clinically to promote tissue formation and wound closure. In this study, a porcine wound model was used to further investigate the mechanisms as to how NPWT modulates wound healing via utilization of a form of NPWT called the vacuum‐assisted closure. To observe the effect of NPWT more accurately, non‐NPWT control wounds containing GranuFoam™ dressings, without vacuum exposure, were utilized. In situ histological analysis revealed that NPWT enhanced plasma protein adsorption throughout the GranuFoam™, resulting in increased cellular colonization and tissue ingrowth. Gram staining revealed that NPWT decreased bacterial dissemination to adjacent tissue with greater bacterial localization within the GranuFoam™. Genomic analysis demonstrated the significant changes in gene expression across a number of genes between wounds treated with non‐NPWT and NPWT when compared against baseline tissue. However, minimal differences were noted between non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds, including no significant differences in expression of collagen, angiogenic, or key inflammatory genes. Similarly, significant increases in immune cell populations were observed from day 0 to day 9 for both non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds, though no differences were noted between non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds. Furthermore, histological analysis demonstrated the presence of a foreign body response (FBR), with giant cell formation and encapsulation of GranuFoam™ particles. The unique in situ histological evaluation and genomic comparison of non‐NPWT and NPWT wounds in this pilot study provided a never‐before‐shown perspective, offering novel insights into the physiological processes of NPWT and the potential role of a FBR in NPWT clinical outcomes.
Sleep Duration Correlates With Performance in Ultra-Endurance Triathlon
Authors: Kisiolek Jacob N. , Smith Kyle A. , Baur Daniel A. , Willingham Brandon D. , Morrissey Margaret C. , Leyh Samantha M. , Saracino Patrick G. , Mah Cheri D. , Ormsbee Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and race completion time during each stage of a 3-day ultra-endurance triathlon (stage 1: 10-km swim, 146-km cycle; stage 2: 276-km cycle; and stage 3: 84.4-km run) was investigated. Seventeen triathletes partook in sleep analysis throughout the ultra-endurance multiday triathlon using an actigraphy wristband. The participants wore the band to record objective sleep outcomes for approximately 4 days (1–2 d prerace, 3 race days, and 1 d postrace), except while racing. The total sleep time (TST; prerace: 414.1 [95.3] min, prestage 1: 392.2 [138.3] min, prestage 2: 355.6 [62.5] min, and prestage 3: 299.7 [107.0] min) significantly decreased over time (P < .05). Significant Pearson moment–product correlations were found between TST and subsequent race–day performance for race stage 1 (r = −.577; P = .019) and stage 3 (r = −.546; P = .035), with further analysis revealing that TST explained 33% and 30% of the variation in performance for stages 1 and 3, respectively. During a 3-day ultra-endurance triathlon, the TST was reduced and had a significant negative correlation to exercise performance, indicating that sleep loss was associated with slower performances. Sleep onset latency, wake episodes, and sleep efficiency did not significantly change over the course of this investigation, which may stem from the close proximity of exercise to sleep.
Global Engagement in the Kinesiology Classroom Through Virtual Exchange
Authors: Beach Pamela , Perreault Melanie , Malete Leapetswe 
Published: October 2021

As the importance of intercultural competence increases for future professionals, kinesiology faculty should consider internationalizing their curriculum. Faculty can promote intercultural competence through a variety of experiences, including studying abroad, attending international conferences, or adding a virtual exchange component to their classes. Global engagement in the classroom allows students to examine problem solving by scholars globally and enhances soft skills and career readiness skills. Because international travel through study abroad programs poses many challenges, this paper will focus upon an alternative, virtual exchange that can be implemented in any kinesiology or related course. Faculty can implement virtual exchanges with either an international class or a nonprofit organization on a large (e.g., complete course) or small scale (e.g., collaborative project). A sample design and tips for developing a collaborative project in a kinesiology course will be discussed to provide kinesiology faculty with a framework to begin a partnership around international course collaboration.
Image of the thin accretion disk around compact objects in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Gyulchev Galin , Nedkova Petya , Vetsov Tsvetan , Yazadjiev Stoytcho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the optical appearance of a thin accretion disk around compact objects within the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. Considering static spherically symmetric black holes and naked singularities we search for characteristic signatures which can arise in the observable images due to the modification of general relativity. While the images of the Gauss–Bonnet black holes closely resemble the Schwarzschild black hole, naked singularities possess a distinctive feature. A series of bright rings are formed in the central part of the images with observable radiation $$10^3$$

10
3

times larger than the rest of the flux making them observationally significant. We elucidate the physical mechanism, which causes the appearance of the central rings, showing that the image is determined by the light ring structure of the spacetime. In a certain region of the parametric space the Gauss–Bonnet naked singularities possess a stable and an unstable light ring. In addition the gravitational field becomes repulsive in a certain neighbourhood of the singularity. This combination of features leads to the formation of the central rings implying that the effect is not specific for the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity but would also appear for any other compact object with the same characteristics of the photon dynamics.
Primary Small Cell Carcinoma in Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: 15 Cases From a Single Center
Authors: Wang Jian , Fan Yingying , Chen Xiao-dong , Xue Tao , Chen Fu-quan 
Published: October 2021

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) in the nasal cavity and sinuses is extremely rare. The clinical data of 15 patients with primary SCC in nasal cavity and sinuses were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Of the 15 patients, 2 patients are alive for more than 6 years, and 5 patients died after the median follow-up period (11 months). Most of our patients represent the later stage (73% presented at stage III or IV) and had surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, nearly half of patients have tumor recurrence and/or distant metastasis. SCC of nasal cavity and sinuses often invades surrounding tissues, and the long-term curative rate is generally low. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are key to improve survival. Although the overall survival time of SCC is not optimistic, it is still recommended that patients take comprehensive treatment.
Period tracker applications: What menstrual cycle information are they giving women?
Authors: Worsfold Lauren , Marriott Lorrae , Johnson Sarah , Harper Joyce C 
Published: October 2021

Background: Period tracking applications (apps) allow women to track their menstrual cycles and receive a prediction for their period dates. The majority of apps also provide predictions of ovulation day and the fertile window. Research indicates apps are basing predictions on assuming women undergo a textbook 28-day cycle with ovulation occurring on day 14 and a fertile window between days 10 and 16. Objective: To determine how the information period tracker apps give women on their period dates, ovulation day and fertile window compares to expected results from big data. Methods: Five women’s profiles for 6 menstrual cycles were created and entered into 10 apps. Cycle length and ovulation day for the sixth cycle were Woman 1—Constant 28 day cycle length, ovulation day 16; Woman 2—Average 23 day cycle length, ovulation day 13; Woman 3—Average 28 day cycle length, ovulation day 17; Woman 4—Average 33 day cycle length, ovulation day 20; and Woman 5—Irregular, average 31 day cycle length, ovulation day 14. Results: The 10 period tracker apps examined gave conflicting information on period dates, ovulation day and the fertile window. For cycle length, the apps all predicted woman 1’s cycles correctly but for women 2–5, the apps predicted 0 to 8 days shorter or longer than expected. For day of ovulation, for women 1–4, of the 36 predictions, 3 (8%) were exactly correct, 9 predicted 1 day too early (25%) and 67% of predictions were 2–9 days early. For woman 5, most of the apps predicted a later day of ovulation. Conclusion: Period tracker apps should ensure they only give women accurate information, especially for the day of ovulation and the fertile window which can only be predicted if using a marker of ovulation, such as basal body temperature, ovulation sticks or cervical mucus.
Neutrophils in acute inflammation: current concepts and translational implications
Authors: Margraf Andreas , Lowell Clifford A. , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModulation of neutrophil recruitment and function is crucial for targeting inflammatory cells to sites of infection to combat invading pathogens while, at the same time, limiting host tissue injury or autoimmunity. The underlying mechanisms regulating recruitment of neutrophils, 1 of the most abundant inflammatory cells, have gained increasing interest over the years. The previously described classical recruitment cascade of leukocytes has been extended to include capturing, rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration, as well as a reverse-transmigration step that is crucial for balancing immune defense and control of remote organ endothelial leakage. Current developments in the field emphasize the importance of cellular interplay, tissue environmental cues, circadian rhythmicity, detection of neutrophil phenotypes, differential chemokine sensing, and contribution of distinct signaling components to receptor activation and integrin conformations. The use of therapeutics modulating neutrophil activation responses, as well as mutations causing dysfunctional neutrophil receptors and impaired signaling cascades, have been defined in translational animal models. Human correlates of such mutations result in increased susceptibility to infections or organ damage. This review focuses on current advances in the understanding of the regulation of neutrophil recruitment and functionality and translational implications of current discoveries in the field with a focus on acute inflammation and sepsis.
Efficacy and safety of daratumumab combined with all-transretinoic acid in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Frerichs Kristine A. , Minnema Monique C. , Levin Mark-David , Broijl Annemiek , Bos Gerard M. J. , Kersten Marie José , Mutis Tuna , Verkleij Christie P. M. , Nijhof Inger S. , Maas-Bosman Patricia W. C. , Klein Saskia K. , Zweegman Sonja , Sonneveld Pieter , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of daratumumab depends partially on CD38 expression on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We have previously shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) upregulates CD38 expression and reverts daratumumab-resistance ex vivo. We therefore evaluated the optimal dose, efficacy, and safety of daratumumab combined with ATRA in patients with daratumumab-refractory MM in a phase 1/2 study (NCT02751255). In part A of the study, 63 patients were treated with daratumumab monotherapy. Fifty patients with daratumumab-refractory MM were subsequently enrolled in part B and treated with daratumumab (reintensified schedule) combined with ATRA until disease progression. The recommended phase 2 dose of ATRA in combination with daratumumab was defined as 45 mg/m2. At this dose, the overall response rate (ORR) was 5%, indicating that the primary endpoint (ORR ≥15%) was not met. However, most patients (66%) achieved at least stable disease. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) for all patients was 2.8 months. Patients who previously achieved at least a partial response or minimal response/stable disease with prior daratumumab monotherapy had a significantly longer PFS compared with patients who immediately progressed during daratumumab as single agent (median PFS 3.4 and 2.8 vs 1.3 months). The median overall survival was 19.1 months. The addition of ATRA did not increase the incidence of adverse events. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ATRA temporarily increased CD38 expression on immune cell subsets. In conclusion, the addition of ATRA and reintensification of daratumumab had limited activity in patients with daratumumab-refractory MM, which may be explained by the transient upregulation of CD38 expression. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02751255.