bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Дипломатическое представительство Азербайджанской Демократической Республики в Армении в 1918-1920-е годы
Authors: Ganbarova Senuber 
Published: September 2021

Кровавый военно-колониальный режим Российской империи не сумел уничтожить древнейшие традиции государственности азербайджанского народа. 28 мая 1918 года была создана Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика, которая являлась первым светским демократическим и правовым государством на мусульманском Востоке, а также в тюрко-исламском мире. Азербайджанская Демократическая Республика смогла просуществовать в напряженной и сложной социально-политической обстановке всего 23 месяца. К сожалению, не достигнув двухлетнего возраста, независимая Азербайджанская Республика подверглась нападению большевиков и была временно свергнута. Со дня образования правительство АДР проводило гибкую внешнюю политику и стремилась установить добрососедские отношения со всеми государствами региона.
9 июля 1919 года правительством Азербайджанской Демократической Республики была принята временная инструкция о секретариате Министерства иностранных дел. В период существования республики в ее столице городе Баку функционировали дипломатические представительства 16 государств, среди которых были, иностранные миссии США, Великобритании, Франции, Италии и т.д.
Одним из главных вопросов, постоянно привлекавших к себе внимание правительства Азербайджана, был вопрос о границах и отношениях с близкими соседями.
Одной из серьезных преград на пути укрепления Азербайджанской государственности в этот период стала экспансионистская и агрессорская политика Дашнакской Армении, которая пыталась присвоить исторические азербайджанские земли. Армения предъявляла необоснованные территориальные претензии к Карабаху, Нахичевану, Зангезуру и т.д. Несмотря на то, что вражественная позиция Армении по отношению к Азербайджану прослеживалась в течении всего периода существования АДР, Азербайджанской Республике ценою больших усилий и потерь все же удалось сохранить свою территориальную целостность.
В статье приводится информация об азербайджано-армянских отношениях в 1918-1920-х годах, а также о деятельности дипломатического представительства Азербайджанской Демократической Республики в Армении в указанный период.
Цель исследования - изучить дипломатические и политические отношения Азербайджанской Демократической Республики с Республикой Армения в 1918-1920 годах с исторической точки зрения, а также выявить и проанализировать исторические и геополитические корни и сущность армяно-азербайджанского Нагорно-Карабахского конфликта.
АНАЛІЗ ДИФТОРХЛОРМЕТАНОВОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ЛАВРОВОГО ЛИСТА МЕТОДОМ ГАЗОВОЇ ХРОМАТОГРАФІЇ З РІЗНИМИ ВИДАМИ ДЕТЕКТУВАННЯ
Authors: В. Євлаш Вікторія , О. Потапов Володимир , С. Пілюгіна Інна , С. Власенко Ганна , В. Білий Дмитро 
Published: September 2021

Наведено результати аналізу дифторхлорметанового (фреонового 22) екстракту лаврового листа методом газової хроматографії з мас-спектрометричним (МС) і полуменево-іонізаційним детектуванням (ПІД). Виявлено 93 компоненти, 49 з яких ідентифіковано. Встановлено, що до складу дифторхлорметанового екстракту лаврового листа входять терпени (25.07 %), терпеноїди (40.50 %), жирні кислоти (7.93 %), ароматичні вуглеводні (0.53 %), алкани (0.22 %). Домінуючими сполуками були 1,8-цинеол та камфен.
Analysis of the influence of hot rolled plate steel treatment using temper and quench-temper method on vickers hardness number enhancement
Authors: Taufik Achmad , Pratikto Pratikto , Suprapto Agus , Sonief Achmad As’ad 
Published: September 2021

This paper wants to know the effect of bending radius on the distribution of hardness, grain distribution and microstructure on the surface area of tensile stress and compressive stress after bending, quenching and tempering. Material testing helps determine and analyze material quality. The research was conducted on the bending of Hot Rolled Plate Steel material with a radius of 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm and 70 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm, the highest value was obtained at a radius of 55 mm with a measurement distance of 1 mm. After getting the quench-temper treatment with a holding time of 30 minutes, the value of 498 HV was obtained at a radius of 70 mm with a measurement distance of 2 mm. Hardness test was performed using the austenite temperature of 900 °С, microstructure test results obtained finer grains in the compression area r=2.173 µm and in the tensile area r=2.34 µm. This observation aims to determine the microstructure of the material undergoing a heat treatment process at a temperature of 900 °С with a holding time of 30 minutes using water cooling media. The results of the observation of the microstructure of the test specimens before the quench-temper process showed that the structure of ferrite was more abundant than perlite, but after the quench-tempering process the results showed that there was more perlite than ferrite due to the presence of austenite. The treatment on the transformation of the Ar3 line causes the hardness to change the shape of the martensite microstructure into steel while the thickness of the carburizing layer increases with the increase in the carbonization temperature on the surface of the quenched specimen, resulting in the formation of martensite and residual austenite causing the coating to become hard.
Improving the mechanical-mathematical model of pneumatic vibration centrifugal fractionation of grain materials based on their density
Authors: Bredykhin Vadym , Pak Andrey , Gurskyi Petro , Denisenko Sergey , Bredykhina Khrystyna 
Published: September 2021

This paper has substantiated the mechanical-mathematical modeling of the process of fractionation of grain material into fractions. It has been established that this could optimize the process parameters and would make it possible to design new or improve existing working surfaces of centrifugal separators.
A mechanical-mathematical model of the pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separation of grain material by density has been improved. This research is based on the method of hydrodynamics of multiphase media. The improved mechanical-mathematical model takes into consideration the interaction between the discrete and continuous phases of grain material by introducing conditions of interaction at the interface of these phases. In the hydrodynamic modeling of the movement of the circular layer of seeds, the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of discrete and continuous phases was taken into consideration.
It was established that the pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separation process parameters are critically affected by the circular frequency of rotation of the cylindrical working surface, the frequency and amplitude of its oscillations. As well as such process characteristics as the airflow rate, dynamic viscosity coefficient, the average thickness of a grain material layer, and the mean density of its particles. Rational values for the technical parameters of the grain material pneumatic vibratory centrifugal fractionation process in terms of density have been determined by using the improved mechanical-mathematical model. The amplitude and oscillation frequency of the working surface are in the ranges A=(35…50)·10–5 m, ω=15.0...15.6 rad/s. The circular rotation frequency of the working surface, ω=24...25 rad/s. The airflow rate, V=2 m/s.
It was established that using the improved mechanical-mathematical model of fractionation makes it possible to improve the performance of a pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separator by 9 %. At the same time, the effectiveness of grain material separation could reach 100 %.
Designing a bench for testing medically and technically an information and measuring system for multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography of human lungs
Authors: Aleksanyan Grayr 
Published: September 2021

This paper solves the problem of developing and creating multifunctional tools for conducting research into systems of multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography of human lungs. A test bench consisting of modern medical equipment, simulating pre-and postoperative environments to create conditions that are most similar to clinical ones, under which it is planned to operate multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography systems, was proposed and manufactured. This makes it possible to reduce significantly the time for approbation, testing, and elimination of practical inaccuracies and problems of clinical application of the developed medical and technical facilities. A positive result is achieved due to the possibility of forming new test plans with specified conditions and different levels of complexity. This enables enhancing the effectiveness of subsequent clinical tests on patients who are treated in a resuscitation unit or an intensive care unit. The operability of the bench is proved by the repeatability of obtained results of monitoring ventilation and perfusion for each examined person, the continuity of dynamic visualization of the breathing process, as well as a high degree of correlation of obtained values of differences of potentials with the readings of a bedside monitor of a patient. An information and measuring system of multi-frequency electric impedance tomography of human lungs, developed by the author earlier, was used as the EIT device. The EIT tests were performed for the frequency range of 50 kHz – 400 kHz at a current of 5 mA. All experimental studies involved volunteers who gave written information consent to participate in the tests. The results of the research show that the proposed bench can be used in practice to solve a wide range of scientific and applied problems in the field of electrical impedance tomography
Synthesis of scheme-cycle designs of absorption water-ammonia thermotransformers with extended degazation zone
Authors: Kosoy Boris , Morozyuk Larisa , Psarov Sergii , Kukoliev Artem 
Published: September 2021

The search for new and improvement of existing technical design of energy converter systems for specific consumers requires a reasonable choice of the most rational design for these objects.
Thermotransformers that operate on the reverse and mixed thermodynamic cycles, in combination with power plants utilizing renewable and non-traditional primary energy (fuel), are considered to be of interest for small-scale power generation (trigeneration systems), which is consistent with the concept of distributed energy generation.
Cold in trigeneration systems is provided by heat-using thermotransformers.
This paper reports a method for synthesizing a scheme-cycle designs of absorption water-ammonia thermotransformers that utilize renewable heat sources with a low-temperature potential of 90–250 °С.
A "cycle method" was applied to perform the thermodynamic analysis of the cycle of simple absorption thermotransformers with the expansion of the degazation zone with an increase in the temperature of the heating source; the technological schemes for the corresponding cycles have been substantiated.
The influence of changing the degazation zone on the energy efficiency of the machine has been established. A scheme-cycle designs of the thermochemical compressor for a thermotransformer with a return supply of solutions to the generator and absorber at " excess temperatures" has been proposed, as a way to improve the cycle energy efficiency.
A comparative analysis of the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the considered cycles has been performed using a specific example.
The thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the practical implementation of the scheme-cycle designs "with excess temperatures" could provide energy-saving conditions in small-scale trigeneration systems.
Determining the influence of membrane treatment process on the quality indicators of beer
Authors: Omelchenko Оleksandr , Deynichenko Gregoriy , Guzenko Vasyl , Zolotukhina Inna , Dmytrevskyi Dmytro , Chervonyi Vitalii , Horielkov Dmytro , Melnik Olga , Korolenko Olha , Tsvirkun Liudmyla 
Published: September 2021

The issue related to the possibility of applying the filtration process of young beer with the use of experimental microfiltration polymer semi-permeable membrane elements was considered. It was shown that under modern conditions, it is expedient to use membrane processes of young beer filtration in the brewing industry. The process of membrane treatment of beer can be carried out at the stage of pasteurization of young beer in a cold way. Such actions can be directed to preserve the organoleptic parameters of the final product ‒ filtered beer. An experimental setup for the study of the main technological parameters of membrane processing of young beer was presented. The results of experimental studies of the influence of baric and temperature modes on the performance of nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were shown. Rational parameters of pressure (0.03–0.05 MPa), duration (8–10 s-1), and temperature (3...6 °С) of the process of membrane filtration of young beer using nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were determined. The qualitative characteristics of filtered beer obtained by membrane methods were explored. The comparative characteristic of the results of the studies of the qualitative component of resulting beer after microfiltration according to the known requirements and standards for organoleptic indicators was presented. It is found that in terms of filtration rate, selectivity, yeast residue, and other characteristics, nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes are promising for the implementation of the process of microfiltration of young beer. These studies proved the feasibility of further research into improving the process of membrane processing of beer and technical equipment of the beer production line with the development of new equipment.
Procedure for determining the thermoelastic state of a reinforced concrete bridge beam strengthened with methyl methacrylate
Authors: Kovalchuk Vitalii , Sobolevska Yuliya , Onyshchenko Artur , Fedorenko Olexandr , Tokin Oleksndr , Pavliv Andrii , Kravets Ivan , Lesiv Julia 
Published: September 2021

This paper reports the analysis of methods for determining temperature stresses and deformations in bridge structures under the influence of climatic temperature changes in the environment.
A one-dimensional model has been applied to determine the temperature field and thermoelastic state in order to practically estimate the temperature fields and stresses of strengthened beams taking into consideration temperature changes in the environment.
The temperature field distribution has been determined in the vertical direction of a reinforced concrete beam depending on the thickness of the structural reinforcement with methyl methacrylate. It was established that there is a change in the temperature gradient in a contact between the reinforced concrete beam and reinforcement.
The distribution of temperature stresses in the vertical direction of a strengthened reinforced concrete beam has been defined, taking into consideration the thickness of the reinforcement with methyl methacrylate and the value of its elasticity module. It was established that the thickness of the reinforcement does not have a significant impact on increasing stresses while increasing the elasticity module of the structural reinforcement leads to an increase in temperature stresses. The difference in the derived stress values for a beam with methyl methacrylate reinforcement with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm, at elasticity module E=15,000 MPa, is up to 3 % at positive and negative temperatures.
It has been found that there is a change in the nature of the distribution of temperature stresses across the height of the beam at the contact surface of the reinforced concrete beam and methyl methacrylate reinforcement. The value of temperature stresses in the beam with methyl methacrylate reinforcement and exposed to the positive and negative ambient temperatures increases by three times.
It was established that the value of temperature stresses is affected by a difference in the temperature of the reinforced concrete beam and reinforcement, as well as the physical and mechanical parameters of the investigated structural materials of the beam and the structural reinforcement with methyl methacrylate
Devising a method for calculating the turboshaft gas turbine engine performance involving a blade-by-blade description of the multi-stage compressor in a two-dimensional setting
Authors: Boyko Ludmila , Datsenko Vadym , Dyomin Aleksandr , Pizhankova Nataliya 
Published: September 2021

The design and adjustment of modern gas turbine engines significantly rely on the use of numerical research methods.
This paper reports a method devised for calculating the thermogasdynamic parameters and characteristics of a turboshaft gas turbine engine. The special feature of a given method is a two-dimensional blade-by-blade description of the compressor in the engine system. Underlying the calculation method is a nonlinear mathematical model that makes it possible to describe the established processes occurring in individual nodes and in the engine in general. To build a mathematical model, a modular principle was chosen, involving the construction of a system of interrelated and coordinated models of nodes and their elements.
The approach used in modeling a two-dimensional flow in the compressor makes it possible to estimate by calculation a significant number of parameters that characterize its operation.
With the help of the reported method, it is possible to estimate the effect of changing the geometric parameters of the compressor height on the characteristics of the engine. To take into consideration the influence of variable modes of air intake or overflow in various cross-sections along the compressor tract, to determine the effect of the input radial unevenness on the parameters of the compressor and engine in general.
To verify the method described, the calculation of thermogasdynamic parameters and throttle characteristics of a single-stage turboshaft gas turbine engine with a 12-stage axial compressor was performed. Comparison of the calculation results with experimental data showed satisfactory convergence. Thus, the standard deviation of the calculation results from the experimental data is 0.45 % for the compressor characteristics, 0.4 % for power, and 0.15 % for specific fuel consumption.
Development and improvement of methods for calculating the parameters and characteristics of gas turbine engines make it possible to improve the quality of design and competitiveness of locally-made aircraft engines.
Development in mechanical and fatigue properties of AA6061/AL2O3 nanocomposites under stirring temperature (ST)
Authors: Abed Raad Mohammed , Khenyab Ali Yousuf , Alalkawi Hussain Jasim M. 
Published: September 2021

Aluminum is expected to remain the core material for many critical applications such as aircraft and automobiles. This is due to the high resistance to different environmental conditions, desired and manageable mechanical properties, as well as high fatigue resistance. Aluminum nanocomposites such as AA6061/Al2O3 can be made in many ways using a liquid metallurgy method. The main challenges for this method in the production of nanocomposites are the difficulties of achieving a uniform distribution of reinforcing materials and possible chemical reactions between the reinforcing material and the matrix. For structural applications exclusive to aerospace sectors. The growing cost-effective nanocomposites mass production technology with essential operational and geometric flexibility is a big challenge all the time. Each method of preparing AA6061/Al2O3 nanocomposites can provide different mechanical properties. In the present study, nine nanocomposites were prepared at three stirring temperatures (800, 850, and 900 °C) with the level of Al2O3 addition of 0, 5, 7, and 9 wt %. The results of tensile, hardness and fatigue tests revealed that the composite including 9 wt % Al2O3 with 850 °C stirring temperatures has the best properties. It was also revealed that the 850 °C stirring temperature (ST) with 9 wt % Al2O3 composite provide an increase in tensile strength, VHN and reduction in ductility by 20 %, 16 % and 36.8 % respectively, compared to zero-nano. Also, the fatigue life at the 90 MPa stress level increased by 17.4 % in comparison with 9 wt % nanocomposite at 800 °C (ST). Uniform distributions were observed for all nine microstructure compositions.
Comparing features in metallurgical interaction when applying different techniques of arc and plasma surfacing of steel wire on titanium
Authors: Korzhyk Volodymyr , Khaskin Vladyslav , Grynyuk Andrii , Ganushchak Oleg , Peleshenko Sviatoslav , Konoreva Oksana , Demianov Oleksii , Shcheretskiy Volodymyr , Fialko Nataliia 
Published: September 2021

This paper reports a study into the regularities of interphase interaction, features in the formation of intermetallic phases (IMPs), and defects when surfacing steel on titanium in four ways: P-MAG, CMT, plasma surfacing by an indirect arc with conductive wire, and PAW. A general tendency has been established in the IMP occurrence when surfacing steel on titanium by all the considered methods. It was determined that the plasma surfacing technique involving an indirect arc with conductive wire is less critical as regards the IMP formation. That makes it possible to obtain an intermetallic layer of the minimum thickness (25...54 μm) in combination with the best quality in the formation of surfaced metal beads. Further minimization of the size of this layer is complicated by a critical decrease in the heat input into the metal, which gives rise to the capability of the surfaced metal to be collected in separate droplets. The formation of TiFe2, TiFe, and the α-Fe phase enriched with titanium in different percentage compositions has been observed in the transition zone of steel surfacing on titanium under different techniques and modes of surfacing. The study has shown the possibility of formation, in addition to the phases of TiFe2 and TiFe, the Ti2Fe phase at low heat input. The technique of plasma surfacing by an indirect arc with conductive wire minimizes the thermal effect on the base metal. When it is used at the border of the transition of the layer of steel surfaced on titanium, the phase composition and structure of the layers in some cases approach the composition and structure of the transition zone of the original bimetallic sheet "titanium-steel" manufactured by rolling. A layer up to 5 μm thick is formed from the β phase with an iron concentration of 44.65 % by weight and an intermetallic layer up to 0.2...0.4 μm thick, close in composition to the TiFe phase. The next step in minimizing the IMP formation might involve the introduction of a barrier layer between titanium and steel.