bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus Niger and Their Efficacy Against Pathogenic Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Suood Abdalmohaimen Mohammed , Saleh Mahmood Khalaf , Thalij Karkaz Mohammed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The attention has been paid in recent years to the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their important in medical applications. This study was conducted to synthesis of CuNPs using Aspergillus niger supernatant, study its characteristic and their antibacterial activity alone or with Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds infection. Then, its activity on the healing wounds was experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus using laboratory Hamster., followed by assaying of some blood parameters. The results indicated that Aspergillus niger supernatant was optimal for converting the CuNO3 to produce of CuNPs. The CuNPs were confirmed by UV spectrum, revealed an absorption at 225 nm, and the average size was by 20 nm after assay with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mixing between CuNPs and ciprofloxacin had increased by 60% in the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, more than for single inhibition activity of each treatment. The CuNPs or ciprofloxacin singly or in combination treated of induced experimentally contaminated wounds with Staphylococcus aureus appeared that synergism healing effects of the mixed treated with a short time compared with single treatments. The treatment of induced wounds with Staphylococcus aureus were significantly (p<0.05) increased in number of the WBCs and decreased of platelets number. While, the treatments with CuNPs or Ciprofloxacin singly or in combination were not significantly different with the same parameters in control group. Furthermore, the Hb, RBCs and PCV were not significantly different in all treatments. Furthermore, the values of urea and creatinine further of the IgG and IgA for all animals’ groups were reduced compared with the same values in infections animal group., GOT, GPT of liver enzymes values.were also showed a significant decreasing.
Role of Humic Acid and Chemical Fertilizer in NPK Concentration, Growth and Yield of Broccoli Under Salinity Conditions
Authors: Al-Issawi Khaleel J. , Al-Dulaimi Kamal H. , Alkhateb Bassam A.A.H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2020. To study the effect of humic acid and fertilizer recommendation, humic acid was supplied with irrigation water at two levels i.e., 0 and 0.25 gm L-1. Nine levels of the fertilizer recommendation were applied according to the fertilizer recommendation of 92kg N.h-1, 200 kg P. h-1 and 150 kg K. h-1 taking the symbols of F1to F9. The results showed the superiority of the treatments of humic acid application( 0.25 gm l-1) in the traits of plant height, Weight of broccoli head, total yield, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations, by giving 32.64 cm, 246.5 gm plant-1, 8.215 tons ha-1, 5.541%, 0.3816%, and 3. 641% respectively, the treatment of adding chemical fertilizer at a level of 125% N + 125% P + % K 125 of the fertilizer recommendation(F2) gave the highest plant height of 36.60 cm, Weight of broccoli head of 269.2 g plant-1, total yield of 8.972 tons H-1, nitrogen concentration 5.817% and concentration Phosphorous 0.3141% compared to treatment F9, while treatment F5 gave the highest potassium concentration 3.893% compared to treatment F9 (1.914%).
Improving Wastewater Quality By Using Ceratophyllum Demersum L.
Authors: Mahdi Al-Nabhan Enas A. , Al-Abbawy Dunya A. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study aims to improve the quality of wastewater collected from the secondary sedimentation tank of Hamdan sewage water treatment plant, Basrah, Iraq, using C. demersum L. for phytoremediation potential in the laboratory experiment. The experiments were also designed to establish some toxicological effects of wastewater on plant physiology as a response to wastewater stresses. The selected physio-chemical parameters of wastewater were conducted. Plant analyses were also measured before and after 21st day of exposure. The results showed the efficiency of the plant in improving the water quality in a different ratio. The dilution 1:3 (T3) was the most efficient with a significant difference (p<0.05) between treatment and control for most of the measured parameters. The result showed the efficiency of Ceratophyllum demersum in removing the Total hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, BOD5, COD, NO3-2, PO4-2, Na+ and Cl- in 1:3 dilution (55.88, 13.27, 89.55, 90, 47.37, 50.65, 48.51, 16.28 and 40.24)% compared with (17.65, 5.42, 27.31, 50, 15.79, 16.30, 13.86, 6.73 and 15.77 )% in control respectively. The Ceratophyllum demersum plant has proven to be effective in improving the quality of wastewater, and therefore it can be considered an effective candidate in phytoremediation technology.
Entomotoxicity of TiO2and ZnO Nanoparticles Against Adults Tribolium Castaneum (Herbest) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Hilal Saadi M. , Mohmed Ahmed Saeed , Barry Najeha Mohamed , Ibrahim Mohammed Hadi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe red flour beetleTribolium castaneumis one of the common pests of stored grains distributed worldwide. In this study, testing the effect of TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles as insecticides on adults ofT. castaneumwas achieved. Results showed that the high concentration of TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles recorded high cumulative mortality of the adult insects after exposure time 1, 3, and 5 days from treatments 15.30, 23.57, and 29.85% respectively of TiO2nanoparticles compared with 20.42, 27.08, and 33.96 % respectively of ZnO nanoparticles. The result showed that TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles are effective in controlling and can be introduced in the future in integrated pest management ofT. castaneum.
Using Linear Equations Approach to Formulate Balanced and Least-Cost Ration for Dairy Cattl
Authors: Shaawi Sary Mahir Ailia , Astefan Noor Ezat Jalil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to find an effective way to use linear equations for the purpose of creating a balanced ration at the lowest possible cost for dairy cattle by using linear equations and solving these equations through the Solver tool provided by MS-Excel. Samples of barley, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal and wheat straw were collected from the local markets and the necessary chemical analyzes were performed for them. after that the mathematical formulas of the linear equations were developed according to the specified constraints for crude protein ratio, value of metabolizable energy and the percentage of each calcium and phosphorus, which meets the needs of a medium-production dairy cow (15 kg) and weighting (650 kg). then the data was entered into Microsoft Excel and the equations were solved by Solver tool. The results showed a superior ability of linear equations to solve the problems consisting of several variables where the feed was formed by mixing barley, Corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, wheat hay, calcium phosphate and salt in proportions ( 5, 17.91, 50, 10.76, 13.66, 1.64 and 1) respectively, The cost of the feed mixture was (268.6 $/ton), which is the lowest possible cost for a ration that meets the required needs, linear programming will provide the animal breeders efficiency with the highest production by reducing the costs and balancing of the ration through the steps described in the search.
Effects of Octacosanol, Wheat Germ Oil and Rice Oil Supplementation on Egg Quality Traits of Laying Quail
Authors: Jalil Ali Q. , Hamid Esra S. , Allaw Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out in the poultry field of the Animal Production Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tikrit University. The current study aimed to estimate the effects of adding different percentages of octacosanol, wheat germ oil and rice oil to the ration on egg quality traits. 96 laying quail (age 45 days), were used and divided into six treatments were included: adding the octacosanol/kg feedstuff (T1 without adding, T2=15 mg, T3=20 mg, T4=25 mg), (T5) was adding 5 ml of wheat germ oil/kg feedstuff and (T6) wasadding 5 ml of rice oil/kg feedstuff, which each treatment included four replicates. It used three female quails for each one male, during 90 days at the age of 16 weeks.
The results showed the following: no significant effect (P<0.05) of dietary octacosanol, wheat germ oil and rice oil supplementation which was recorded on relative weights of shell, yolk and albumen, and shell thickness also yolk color, egg shape index, albumen index, yolk index, egg quality of laying quail. However, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in hough unit for the two treatments that it included octacosanol powder (20 and 25 mg) compared to the control treatment, However, there was no significant difference between the addition treatments.
Response of Cherry Tomato to Foliar Spray of Amino Acid, Bio-Catalyst and Dotted Type in Qualities and Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Ahmed Zaynab Rasool , Almohammedi Omar Hashim Muslah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the winter season of 2020 at the Agricultural Research and Experimentation Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Kirkuk under non-warm plastic house conditions and the study included three factors, the first factor, the type of dotted in the main plot (GR, Turbo, Spiral) and the second factor spraying with determination arginine subplot of concentrations. 300 mg/L and the third factor spraying with Bio-Catalyst Hortiboots10Sub subplot with concentrations (0,5, 10) ml/l and interaction between them in the specific qualities of the cherry Lycopersicon esculentum. L And evaluates the drip irrigation system carried out the working experiment according to the design of the full random sectors R.C.B.D and by arranging the system of dissident splinter panels Split Split Plot and four replication.
The results show The amino acid arginine at a concentration of 300 mg/L was significantly superior to the content of lycopene and vitamin C in the fruits and the number of fruits amounted to 29.28 mg/100g, 17.22 mg/100gm, 76.84 fruits/plant compared to control, which amounted to 22.65 mg/100gm, 12.39mg/100gm, 65.18 fruits/plant As for the effect of spraying with humic acid, we notice that 10 ml/liter of humic acid has the highest percentage in the content of vitamin C in fruits, and the number of fruits reached 17.40 mg/100 g and 74.80 fruits/plant and for the effect of the emitter type, the Spiral was superior to the vitamin C content of fruits, which amounted to 21.00 mg/100 g, while the superiority of the emitter GR in the number of fruits was 85.97 fruits/plant.
Response of Cabbage Plant for Different Types of Mineral Fertilizer (Brassica Oleracea Var.Capitata)
Authors: Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Allela Waleed B.A.M. , Al-Bayati Hussien J.M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in the field of the College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq during the season 2019-2020 to study the effect of three types of compound mineral fertilizers (F1, F2 and F3) and four levels combination of fertilizers (F4, F5, F6 and F7) also with control treatment (F0) on some growth and yield parameters of cabbage plants Chairman variety, thus the experiment included eight treatments implemented in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The results were summarized as follows: the F5 fertilizer combination achieved the highest significant values in all growth and yield parameters compared to other treatment.
The Role of The Physical Components Design for Healing Gardens in Promoting Psychological Health
Authors: Alkaisi O. F. , Ibrahim S.A.H. , Khaleefa H.G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research examine the role of physical design elements for healing gardens in promoting the psychological health for the patients. Many studies had presented the role of the landscape in enhancing the psychological aspects of human, and its connection with outdoor environment. Previous studies also provided a definition of healing gardens design and components, but the study of the effect of physical components within healing gardens in promoting human psychological health, was not adequately addressed. This represented the research problem. As for the research hypothesis, it states that the physical components (natural and artificial components) for healing gardens will support the psychological environment and improve the quality of life for the patients. The research adopted descriptive analytical approach for a number of hospitals healing gardens, and their positive impact on the psychological health.
Detection of Bacterial Contamination of Some Traditional Frozen Fish in Some Local Markets in Tikrit City
Authors: Albassam Nuha hameed , Al-Doori Marwa Muzahim , shamkhi Intisar abduljabbar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate bacterial contamination in frozen fish form samples collected from some local markets in several neighborhoods of Tikrit city. Thirty samples of frozen fish were collected for two types of fish common carp and fish fillet, laboratory bacterial isolation and diagnosis showed Staph. aurues samples constitute highest proportion of isolations which followed by Aeromonaus hydrophyla, E.coli, Psudomonas. Spp and Salmonella ( 7,6, 5 and 3) isolations. Bacterial number of isolations has been calculated where it showed a variant in number of bacterial colonies, Staph. aurues which recorded the highest rate in colonies number. Chemical analyses to estimate the amount of protein and fat showed 9.43, 7.31% of protein and 3.9, 8.66 % fat, so as to moisture was high in both carp and elephant fish 80.5, 75.72% and ash 2.31, 7% in carp and fish fillet, respectively. The results of current study shows there are an inverse relationship between both used fish in study and the moisture in the fish.
Determine The Genetic Variation of Phenotypic Groups of Quail (Different With Feathers Color ) Using The Chain Polymerase Reaction Technique (PCR)
Authors: Al-Neemy Majid A. S. , Tawfeq Esraa Mohammed , Hadi Haitham Mohammed Sabeeh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this research was to specify the hereditary variation associated with the plumage color in three local genotypes of Japanese quail which bred in two geographical locations. The birds distributed on six treatments with five birds for each depending on the feather's color and geographical locations. DNA extraction was executed from the blood samples of each treatment and amplified by thermo cycler apparatus and the electrophoresis was done using 1.5% agarose gel for DNA bands exhibiting. Genotype influence has been shown that the black color quail B1 of the agricultural research station in the city of Mosul showed maximum genetic similarity with the Black quail B2 of Tikrit University with a value of 0.9549, the highest genetic similarity between different colors found between B1 and W2 that amounted to 0.9391 based on the similarity index (band sharing). While, the least genetic similarity observed between B2 and W1, which went down to 0.8468. Genetic difference values among studied quail groups showed that the groups B2 and W1 in the higher genetic variation, whereas the least genetic difference found between B1 and B2 groups. The average of dissimilarities for each group with all others varied between the values 0.1203 - 0.0851. The present work prove that the effectiveness of RAPD markers in knowing the similarity and specify the inherited relationship within the quail varieties.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Spraying With Zinc in The Growth and Yield of The Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare)
Authors: Al-Jubory Wesam Hamad , Al-Jubory Amer Badawy , Mohammdedi Akeel Najim AL 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the 2020-2021 winter season, in Al-Alam district, east of Tikrit, to determine the effect of plant spacing and spraying with zinc in the growth and yield of the fennel. The experiment study of the effect of different distances are (10,15 and 20 cm) and three concentrations are (0,15 and 20 g/l). The experiment carried out within the system of testing the factorial experiment has been used according to random complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three blocks. Considered statistically analyzed the data according to the design of and experience and compared to averages of transactions based on test least significant difference (L.S.D) 5% Level of moral study results showed. The planting distance of 10 cm gave the highest rate of plant height reached 71.41 cm, and the planting distance of 20 cm showed a significant increase in the two characteristics of the number of flowers in the main flower and the number of flowering inflorescences in the plant with the increase in planting distance reached 197.75/flower and the highest rate of the number of flowering reached 16.89 inflorescences/flower. The result showed the spray treatment with a concentration of 15 g/liter was superior in the characteristic of the number of flowers in the main inflorescence and the number of flowering inflorescences in the plant, respectively.
Study of Contamination of Some Plants With Some Heavy Metals and Study The Presence of Cyanide in Plants in The City of Mosul
Authors: Mohammed Mishaal Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research included a study on the presence of some heavy metals, including copper, iron and zinc in some medicinal plants circulating in the city of Mosul, as well as the study of the presence of cyanide in some other plants, when measuring the concentration of iron in saffron was less concentrated among plants of 0.797 mg/kg, followed by anise 7.3417 mg/kg, followed by mint 10.87 mg/kg. Kg and high concentrations appeared in the coriander plant, where the iron concentration was 486.6 mg/kg, ginger bread 396.49 mg/kg and corn 200.1 mg/kg and Marjoram 154.2 mg/kg, either Measuring the concentration of potters in medicinal plants in saffron plant was the lowest concentration of all plants used in the study and was 0.304 mg/kg followed by anise 7.8 mg/kg, followed by oranges 17.58 mg/kg, and high concentrations of coriander 179.2 mg/kg, ginger 111.3 mg/kg, while measuring of the concentration of copper in the medicinal plants used in the study the ratio of copper in saffron was low and amounted to 0.377 mg/kg (Dry weight), the highest concentration of copper was in the coriander plant, which was 120.922 mg/kg, ginger copper concentration was 50.78 mg/kg, and for the rest of the plants the concentration of copper ranged from (2.93 to 36.1) 22 mg/kg), while when measuring the iron ratio in the medicinal plants used in the study, and in a study The concentration of cyanide in plants (diphtheloide, apple seeds, perfalathseeds, henna seeds, castor seeds) by Spectrophotometer has been obtained different cyanide concentrations in these plants in the diphtherty the highest ratio of cyanide is 71.4 micrograms/30g (dry weight) followed by castor seeds 64.05 micrograms/30g, followed by henna seeds 31.36 mcg/30g, while in apple seeds the concentration of cyanide was 29.6 μg/30g and orange seeds 10.95 mcg/30g.
Effect of The Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on The Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var.Italica)
Authors: Al-Bayati Hussien J.M. , Allela Waleed B.A.M. , Salim Nagham Salah , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape during the winter agricultural season 2019-2020. The study aimed to investigate the effects of organic fertilization (Tecamine Max) at a concentration of 4 ml.L-1 and chemical fertilization with compound fertilizer N25P5K10 at average of 400 kg.ha-1 and a mixture of the two mentioned fertilizers in different levels. In addition to examine the comparison treatment in the vegetative growth and yield of broccoli. The study included 6 treatments implemented in the field using Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. The results showed that all fertilizing treatments achieved the significant differences compare to control treatment in all studied vegetative growth traits. In general, combination of 100 kg chemical fertilization. ha-1 + 7 ml.L-1 of organic extract (Tecamine Max) showed the best values in both of head weight and the heads yield (459.72 g.plant-1 and 28,732 t. ha-1) respectively.
Study of Foliar Application of Nutritional Solution and Seaweeds Extract on Growth of Limes (Citrus Aurantifolia)
Authors: Aja Kadhim Jawad , Al-Abbasi Ghalib Bahio Aboud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in a certified citrus production nursery in Karbala province, Al-Hindiya district for the season 2020, on seedlings of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) rootstock at the age of 6 months, Where it was sprayed with the nutrient solution Biumin 221 at concentrations (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 g.L-1) and Basfoliar Kelp seaweed extracts with concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5) ml.L-1. The results showed that spraying the seedlings with single and combined study treatments led to a significant increase in the average seedling length, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight of the vegetative and root system, where the treatment (2.5 g. L-1 nutrient solution + 4.5 ml.L-1 seaweed extracts)was excelled and gave the highest average of most traits. Where the interaction treatment between the concentration (2.5 g.L-1 for the nutrient solution with a concentration of 3 ml. L-1 of seaweed extracts) excelled on the dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest values.
Evaluating The Insect Growth Regulator Match and Some Plant Extracts in Some Biological Aspects of Callosobruchus Maculatus in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Ziyad Shihab , Al-llhiby Mohammed Atiya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the laboratories of the college of agriculture/Tikrit University to study the effect of various concentrations of the insect growth regulator Match and the three plant extracts, F. foetida, A. vera, and C. myrrha, on some biological aspects of Callosobruchus maculatus. The study results showed that using 0.7 ml has affected the incubation period from 5.55 days in control treatment to 7.77 days when the seeds are dipped before the eggs were laid on them. Moreover, using 7.0 gm of A. vera led to increase the incubation period of the eggs to 7.33 days when the seeds of Vigna sativum were dipped after laying the eggs on them as compared to the control treatment that was 5.66 days. The insect growth regulator Match and other plant extracts have a significant effect in decreasing the average larval stage, it reached 12.88 days when the seeds were dipped after laying the eggs on them with the insect growth regulator Match with a concentration of 0.7 ml and 14.10 days when using the F. foetida extract with a concentration of 0.7 ml as compared to the control treatment that was 17.33 days. Furthermore, the three plant extracts and the insect growth regulator Match have significantly affected the average virgin stage that was 7.66 days longer when the seeds were dipped in the F. foetida extract with a concentration of 7.0 ml before laying the eggs as compared to the control treatment that was 6.33 days.