bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Based Spatially Varying Coefficient Model to Analyze the Spatial Heterogeneity of COVID-19 and Its Influencing Factors in Mainland China
Authors: Chen Meijie , Chen Yumin , Wilson John P , Tan Huangyuan , Chu Tianyou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many deaths and economic disruptions across the world. Several studies have examined the effect of health risk factors on COVID-19 rates in different places, but the problem of spatial heterogeneity has not been adequately addressed.Methods: In this paper, we developed an Eigenvector Spatial Filtering based spatially varying coefficient model (ESF-SVC) to reveal the spatially varying impact of certain health risk factors on the COVID-19 spread. The experiment was conducted during 7 weeks within two study extents (Hubei province and mainland China). Spatial varying coefficient maps were produced for spatial pattern discovery.Results: Results showed that the ESF-SVC model could take good control of over-fitting problems, with average adjusted R2 16.31% (in Hubei province) and 10.25% (in mainland China) higher than that of GWR. The cross validation RMSE of ESF-SVC model was also the lowest. In Hubei province, Population density and wind speed had a significant impact on COVID-19 infection rates and that their effect was constant across cities. While in mainland China, migration score, building density, temperature and altitude showed significant impact and their effect varies across space. The influence of migration score was less contributive and less significant in cities around Wuhan than cities farther away, while the altitude showed stronger contributions in high altitude cities.Conclusions: Our study hopes to provide not only a feasible path to solve the problem of spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity in COVID-19 characterization but also an intuitive way to discover spatial patterns in large study areas, which could help people and government awareness of the potential health risks and shed some light in COVID-19 control strategies.
Female International Entrepreneurship: Financing Factors of Business Venturing
Authors: Khavarinezhad Sepideh , Biancone Paolo Pietro , Jafari-Sadeghi Vahid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study explores the influence of financing drivers on female entrepreneurial activity. We study the interaction of financing elements on domestic entrepreneurial activities and the role of financing on female-oriented international entrepreneurship in the United States, Italy and France. We analyse entrepreneurship at the two levels of total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) and export function by applying a logistic regression model and, we hypothesise that financing factors are affected by the motivation of starting business and export activities. The findings reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial institution-fund supporting at the domestic level. They confirm a positive and strong impact of access to finance on women’s entrepreneurial activities in three selected countries. In addition, the positive effect of the perception of entrepreneurship capability (as an indicator for human capital) on access to finance is identified. The research highlights how the different effects of economic freedom led to differences in the management of a company and the associated decision-making of female entrepreneurs. Future research could contribute by comparing financing for women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries compared to developed countries. The study mitigates the large research gap in the female entrepreneurial literature by examining the impact of the relationship between access to finance and women's performance in the international arena. It sheds new light on the concept of female entrepreneurship and the foresight needed for starting an activity.
Person-Centered Maternity Care During Childbirth and Associated Factors at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tarekegne Azezew Ambachew , Giru Berhanu Wordofa , Mekonnen Bazie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Person-centered maternity care is respectful and responsive care to individual women’s preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that their values guide all clinical decisions during childbirth. It is recognized as a key dimension of the quality of maternity care that increases client satisfaction and institutional delivery. However, little research has been conducted about person-centered maternity care in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the status of person-centered maternity care and associated factors among mothers who gave birth at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa city. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from post-natal mothers selected by systematic random sampling. The data was coded and entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with person-centered maternity care. The strength of association between independent and dependent variables was reported by using unstandardized β at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study 384 mothers were participated with a response rate of 99.2%. The overall prevalence of person-centered maternity care was 65.8%. Respondents who had no ANC follow-up (β= -5.39, 95% CI: -10.52, -0.26), <4 ANC follow up (β= -3.99, 95% CI: -6.63, -1.36), night time delivery (β= -3.95, 95% CI: -5.91, -1.98) and complications during delivery (β= -3.18, 95% CI: -6.01, -0.35) were factors significantly associated with person-centered maternity care.Conclusion and Recommendations: The finding of this study showed that the proportion of person-centered maternity care among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Addis Ababa was high as compared to previous studies. The factors affecting person-centered maternity care are manageable to interventions. Therefore, Health care providers need to provide person-centered maternity care for all mothers.
The Effect Mechanism and Model Optimization of Pulsed Light Dark Duration on Lettuce
Authors: Yu Hui-bin , Xu Xiao-dong , Ma Li-yuan , zhang guan-zhi , Bai Ya-hui , Mou Sun-tao , Liu Yi , Wu Yong-jin , Yang Zhen-chao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite its rapid development, the costs of crop artificial light source technology are still high. In addition, both the luminous efficiency and photosynthetic light supplement efficiency of the light source require further improvement. This study aims to improve the photosynthetic light supplement efficiency by altering the luminescence mode of the light source, transforming the conventional continuous supplementary light source into a pulse light source, and exploring how to further reduce energy consumption and improve the light supplement efficiency without influencing the light supplement effect of Lettuce.Results: For this purpose, Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was selected as the experimental material to investigate the effects of varying the duty ratio, frequency and dark duration on the Pn (net photosynthetic rate) of leaves. The results revealed that Pn values under each duty ratio treatment increased with frequency and gradually stabilized to a level similar to that of continuous light. At higher duty ratios, the lettuce leaf Pn under pulse light reached a stable state at a lower frequency, with Pn leveling showing an overall upward trend with the decreasing dark period duration and a large increase in the early stage. For dark period durations lower than a certain value (0.000683594 s), variations in Pn among treatments were minimal, with a gradual increasing trend until no significant differences are observed with continuous light (CK); Under the D3 (weak light) condition, plants were easy to spindling(excessive growth)and exhibited narrow and slender leaves. Plants under the D2 condition (The duration period duration was 0.000465468s) presented the strongest roots and stems, with wide leaves and a compact growth. The following trend in Pn was observed across all duty ratios D2>D1 (0.000046547s)>CK>D3 (0.004654685s). Conclusions: The dominant influencing factor of the plant net photosynthetic rate was determined as the ratio of the frequency and duty ratio (i.e., dark period duration). Compared with continuous light, pulsed light is more beneficial to plant growth and utilization.
Nodal Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma with T Follicular Helper Phenotype Present CD20 Positive: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: huang jianxian , Liu Ni , zhang wenhui , liu fang , Cao Qinghua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: T follicular helper cell is considered to be involved in B cell and a subset of effector T cell maturing. Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper phenotype (NPTCL-TFH) is a subset of peripheral T-cell lymphoma defined by expression of at least 2 or 3 TFH markers. Here we report a case of typical NPTCL-TFH while the B cell marker CD20 is positive.Case presentation: A 62-year-old male presented to our hospital with a symptom of dizzy and neck mass for 10 days. Physical examination and PET/CT revealed right cervical, armpit and inguinal lymphadenopathy, some of which were accompanied by pain. In the nodule biopsy, lymph node structure is destroyed, completely effaced by intermediate-sized monotonous lymphoid cells with round nuclei and abundant mitosis. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that tumor cells were positive for T cell marker, and expressed several markers of TFH (CD4, Bcl-6, CXCL-13 and PD-1 ). Besides, in situ hybridization of EB virus showed scattered positive and TCR gamma arrangement is positive. However, with all these evidences of NPTCL-TFH, the tissue weirdly expressed CD20, a B lymphocyte maturing marker. The patient gave up treatment and unfortunately was died of tumor cachexia after 4-5 months. Conclusions: We report the first case of CD20 positive in a NPTCL-TFH. More investigation and knowledge of this new phenotype need to be explored.
Ansatz-Independent Variational Quantum Classifiers and the Price of Ansatz
Authors: Miyahara Hideyuki , Roychowdhury Vwani 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paradigm of variational quantum classifiers (VQCs) encodes classical information as quantum states, followed by quantum processing and then measurements to generate classical predictions. VQCs are promising candidates for efficient utilizations of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices: classifiers involving M-dimensional datasets can be implemented with only ⌈log2 M⌉ qubits by using an amplitude encoding. A general framework for designing and training VQCs, however, is lacking. An encouraging specific embodiment of VQCs, quantum circuit learning (QCL), utilizes an ansatz: a circuit with a predetermined circuit geometry and parametrized gates expressing a time-evolution unitary operator; training involves learning the gate parameters through a gradient- descent algorithm where the gradients themselves can be efficiently estimated by the quantum circuit. The representational power of QCL, however, depends strongly on the choice of the ansatz, as it limits the range of possible unitary operators that a VQC can search over. Equally importantly, the landscape of the optimization problem may have challenging properties such as barren plateaus and the associated gradient-descent algorithm may not find good local minima. Thus, it is critically important to estimate (i) the price of ansatz; that is, the gap between the performance of QCL and the performance of ansatz-independent VQCs, and (ii) the price of using quantum circuits as classical classifiers: that is, the performance gap between VQCs and equivalent classical classifiers. This paper develops a computational framework to address both these open problems. First, it shows that VQCs, including QCL, fit inside the well-known kernel method. Next it introduces a framework for efficiently designing ansatz-independent VQCs, which we call the unitary kernel method (UKM). The UKM framework enables one to estimate the first known bounds on both the price of anstaz and the price of any speedup advantages of VQCs: numerical results with datatsets of various dimensions, ranging from 4 to 256, show that the ansatz-induced gap can vary between 10−20%, while the VQC-induced gap (between VQC and kernel method) can vary between 10−16%. To further understand the role of ansatz in VQCs, we also propose a method of decomposing a given unitary operator into a quantum circuit, which we call the variational circuit realization (VCR): given any parameterized circuit block (as for example, used in QCL), it finds optimal parameters and the number of layers of the circuit block required to approximate any target unitary operator with a given precision.
Altered Brain Functional Network Dynamics in Classic Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Jiang Yanli , Liu Guangyao , Han Jiao , Wang Jun , Ma Laiyang , Hu Wanjun , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating studies have indicated a wide range of brain alterations in structure and function of Classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN). Given the dynamic nature of pain experience, the exploration of temporal fluctuations in interregional activity covariance may enhance the understanding of pain process in brain. The present study aimed to characterize the temporal features of functional connectivity (FC) states as well as topological alteration in CTN.Methods: Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and three-dimensional T1-weighted images were obtained from 41 CTN patients and 43 matched healthy controls (HC). After group independent component analysis, sliding window based dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis was applied to investigate specific FC states and related temporal properties. Then the dynamics in whole brain topological organization were estimated by calculating coefficient of variation of graph-theoretical properties. The further correlation analysis were performed between all those measurements and clinical data.Results: Two distinct states were identified, of which the state 2, characterized by complicate coupling between default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CC) and tight connections within DMN, expressed more in CTN patients, presented as increased fractional windows and dwell time. Also, patients switched less frequently between states than HC. Regarding to dynamic topological analysis, disruptions in global graph-theoretical properties (including network efficiency and small-worldness) were observed in patients, coupled with decreased variability in nodal efficiency of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in salience network (SN) and thalamus, caudate in subcortical network (SC). The variation of topological properties showed negative correlation with disease duration and attack frequency.Conclusions: The present study indicated disrupted flexibility of brain topological organization under persistent noxious stimulation and further highlighted the important role of “dynamic pain connectome” regions (including DMN/CC/SN) in pathophysiology of CTN from temporal fluctuation aspect. Additionally, the findings provided supplementary evidence for current knowledge about the aberrant cortical-subcortical interaction in pain development.
Effects of surgery on survival of GSCC without distant metastasis：Propensity Score Analysis and Nomogram Construction based on SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Guixing , Xiao Xian , Liu Yunhe , Tian Fei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Surgery remains the preferred treatment for head and neck of malignancies. Our purpose was to appraise the postoperative survival benefit of primary gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) patients without distant metastasis and to construct a nomogram in order to predict overall survival(OS). Method: Patients who diagnosed with GSCC without distant metastasis and receiving active treatment between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The primary endpoint was OS. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression analysis and propensity score (PS) analysis were used to compare the association between surgical treatment and OS. The nomogram was to predict the 3-year and 5-year OS probabilities. The concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plot were used to evaluate the data performance of the nomogram model. The Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the nomogram. Results: We reviewed 2440 GSCC patients without distant metastasis. The median OS was 85 and 10 months in the surgery group and non-surgery group, respectively. After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, surgery for the primary tumor was independent factors for OS. In order to balance the influence of confounding factors on the statistics, we used propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to evaluate the influence of surgery on OS, and the analysis results showed that OS still preferred surgical treatment at the primary tumor. In addition, independent influencing factors determined by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were selected to prepare the survival prediction model of the nomogram. The model has well prediction performance. The C-index of the model is 0.708 and the AUC value of the 3-year and 5-year nomogram prediction model is 0.730. The calibration curve is also close to 45 degree. Both net benefit and net reduction curves showed that the nomogram model had good clinical benefit. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that surgery for primary site tumors is a viable option for GSCC patients without distant metastasis. Meanwhile, we have developed and verified a nomogram model which can effectively predict 3- and 5-year OS for GSCC patients, which has been proved to have well distinction, calibration abilities and clinical benefit. It can provide practical help for clinicians to make decision. Of course, our results and model need to be further validated with real-world data.
A Rare Case of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Pancreas and Literature Review
Authors: Liang Ze , Han Jingzhao , Tuo Hongfang , Xue Dongdong , Yu Hanxiang , Peng Yanhui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of the pancreas is an exceedingly rare malignant tumor, with only 15 cases have been reported in the medical literature. At present, clinicians have poor recognition of the tumor, the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this disease have yet not been established. Case presentationIn this report, we depict the clinical and imaging characteristics of a 37-year-old man presenting with a primarily cystic UPS. The patient complained of epigastric pain and distention over 20 days. Abdominal CT and pancreatic magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic and cystic solid masses in the pancreatic body and tail. An abdominal ultrasound echogram revealed the mass in the body of the pancreas to be cystic with separation echo inside, and the wall was thick, not smooth. Besides, a hypoechoic mass was seen in the tail area of the pancreas with an inhomogeneous echoic pattern, containing small patches of no echo zone in the central. Microscopically, spindle fibroblast-like cells are arranged in a characteristic storiform pattern with pleomorphic and multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for CD68 and vimentin. Seven months postoperatively, he was diagnosed with pulmonary lymph node metastasis and died five months later. Combined with this case report, we also reviewed the literature regarding UPS of the pancreas. ConclusionsAs we know, this is the first report on ultrasonography findings of pancreatic UPS. Despite there are no distinctive manifestation of UPS, a solid cystic lesion on ultrasonography or a hypodense area in the lesion on T2-weighted imaging, should be considered for differential diagnosis with pancreatic UPS. We believe this article may add some ideas into the diagnosis and therapy of patients with this tumor.
Contribution of Low Birth Weight to Childhood Malnutrition in India
Authors: Jana Arup , Dey Deepshikha , Ghosh Ranjita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Although Low birth weight (LBW) is an independent predictor of malnutrition, it is still a negligible public health issue in the Indian context. Where, a large number of children died due to complications from maternal and child malnutrition. Furthermore, each year, India loses its GDP due to the cost of micronutrient malnutrition which is more that the public health budget. MethodsTo conduct the study, 4th round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), a large-scale survey was used. The study used the last birth information (190,898) due to the detailed availability of maternal care information. The univariate and bivariate analysis was done to find out the percentage distribution. Further, a logistic regression was applied to examine the association between LBW and malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight). The study also employed the Fairlie decomposition technique to estimate the contribution of LBW to malnutrition among Indian children. ResultsThe estimated result shows that childhood malnutrition was higher in most of the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. Furthermore, the infant who was born with low birth weight was more likely to have stunted (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.60-1.75), wasting (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.26-1.39), and underweight (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.38-1.51) in their childhood as compared to infants with no low birth weight. The findings of the decomposition model explained 19 % of the difference in stunting, 12% in wasting, and 16% in underweight among the children born with low birth weight after controlling for background characteristics of the individuals. Other variables such as wealth status, mother’s education, height, mother’s age at birth, and sanitation facility were the significant contributors to childhood malnutrition in India. ConclusionsAlthough many nutrient-centric programmes are going on to control the nutrition status of children, the Indian government should focus more on control LBW. As LBW has a significant contribution to malnutrition, the study recommends that government should take all the necessary steps to implement and monitor some special schemes like the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) at the ground level to reduce the burden of LBW.