bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Recruiting and Retaining Women and Minorities in Orthopaedics
Authors: Gerull Katherine M. , Salles Arghavan , Porter Scott E. , Braman Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2021

Update
This article was updated on June 7, 2023 because of a previous error. On page e98(4), several instances of the phrase “diversity, ethics, and inclusion” now read “diversity, equity, and inclusion.”
An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023 Jul 5;105(13):e35.
Despite considerable attention being paid to the lack of diversity in orthopaedic surgery over the last decade, there has been very little actual change in the racial and gender demographics. This article discusses mechanisms for improving the diversity of interested programs, including reviewing potential barriers to racial and gender-based diversity programs.
Supplementation of Aloe Vera Extract in Lactating Goats Diet: Effects on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nutrient Utilization, Lactation Performance and Antioxidant Status
Authors: Banakar Praveen Sivakumara , Kumar Sachin , Vinay V V , Dixit Sonam , Tyagi Nitin , Tyagi Amrish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing aloe vera extract on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance and antioxidant status of goats. Twenty-four crossbreed lactating goats (Alpine × Beetal) were divided into three experimental groups (AV0, AV2 and AV4). AV0 had no supplementation, group AV2 and AV4 received ready to feed aqueous extract of aloe vera at 20 and 40 g/kg dry matter intake, respectively, along with basal diet and experiment lasted for 100 days. Average DMI did not vary (P > 0.05) among treatment groups; however, the cumulative metabolic bodyweight of AV4 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the AV0 and AV2 groups (AV0 = AV2 > AV4). Intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and EE was unaffected (P > 0.05) by aloe vera supplementation. The milk production, yield of milk fat, protein, lactose and solids not fat (SNF) of goats in the AV4 group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other groups (AV4 > AV2 = AV0). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and levels of plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power were high (P < 0.01) in the aloe vera supplemented group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). There was no significant difference (P = 0.979) in the pH, acetic acid (P = 0.449), butyric acid (P = 0.864) concentration of the rumen liquor among the treatment groups. The propionic acid concentration was similar between AV2 and AV4 and significantly higher (P = 0.024) than the AV0 group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). Moreover, C2:C3 values were significantly lower (P = 0.037) in the AV4 group compared to the Control (AV0). Thus, aloe vera supplementation enhanced milk yield, propionic acid production, and antioxidant status without affecting nutrient utilization; however, results were better in the AV4 group. The inclusion of aloe vera at 40 g/kg of DMI would improve the rumen fermentation efficiency, lactation performance and overall health status of the dairy goats.
Which Of The Recommended Home Exercises For Low Back Pain Is Easier To Learn And Remember?
Authors: satis serap 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe evaluated the learning time and remember of the exercises which given the home exercise program low back pain patients.MethodsThe study included patients aged 20-65 years who had been suffering from a mechanical low back pain. All patients were informed about the study and an informed consent was obtained from each of them. A socio-demographic form probing age, gender, and educational status was filled in by the patients. All the patients were taught five exercises which were aimed at increasing trunk and lower extremity muscle length, strength, and endurance by the same physiotherapist and the exercises were repeated by the patients in the presence of the physiotherapist until they were performed fully and appropriately. In the meantime, total number of repetitions and the duration of learning the exercises (seconds) were noted for each patient. Patients were instructed to perform these exercises for 15 days with 10 sets a day. On the 15-day follow-up session, patients were asked to perform the assigned exercises and those who performed them correctly were recorded as “remembering”. Results The patients learned the hamstring stretch, lumbar stretch, and flexor stretch in a shorter period and learned the hamstring stretch with fewer repetitions compared to other exercises. Additionally, lumbar stretch was the most remembered exercise.DiscussionWe suggest that instead of giving patients multiple complex exercises, patient-specific exercises that can be easily learned and performed without forgetting can be selected and thus lumbar stretch is a suitable option for this purpose.
The Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Krüppel-like Factor 2 Overexpressed Endothelial Cells on the Regulation of Cardiac Inflammation in the Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: zhang wenfeng , Chen Ziwei , Qiao Shuaihua , Chen Siyuan , Zheng Hongyan , Wei Xuan , Li Qiaoling , Xu Biao , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common causes of heart failure. Myocardial injury triggers an inflammatory response and recruits immune cells into the heart. High expression of Krüppel-like factor 2(KLF2) in endothelial cells (ECs) could exert the anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of extracellular vesicles from KLF2-overexpressed ECs (KLF2-EVs) in DCM remains unclear. Methods and ResultsEVs were separated from the supernatant of KLF2-overexpressed ECs by gradient centrifugation. Mice were administered with a repetitive low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) and then received KLF2- EVs through intravenous injection. Treatment with KLF2- EVs prevented doxorubicin-induced left ventricular dysfunction and reduced recruitment of Ly6high Mo/Mø in myocardium. To identify the mechanisms involved in this beneficial effect we used flow cytometry to detect Ly6high monocytes in bone marrow and spleen tissue. KLF2-EVs increased the retention of Ly6Chigh monocytes in the bone marrow, but not the spleen tissue. KLF2-EVs also significantly downregulated C-C chemokine receptor 2(CCR2) protein expression in cells from the bone marrow. Conclusion﻿EVs derived from KLF2-overexpressed ECs reduced cardiac inflammation and ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction in DCM mice, which is achieved by targeting the CCR2 protein to inhibit Ly6Chigh monocytes mobilizing from bone marrow.
Alteration of Neuroinflammation Detected by 18F-GE180 PET Imaging in Place-Conditioned Rats with Morphine Withdrawal
Authors: Li Junpeng , Shao Da , Jiang Donglang , Huang Qi , Guan Yihui , Lai Bin , Zhao Jun , Hua Fengchun , Xie Fang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation significantly contributes to drug addiction, but the conversion of neuroinflammation after drug withdrawal is not clear. Here, we conducted 18F-flutriciclamide (GE180) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to investigate the conversion of neuroinflammation during drug withdrawal and conditioning-induced aversion by measuring the change in microglial activation with 18F-GE180.Methods: Twelve male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to morphine withdrawal by the administration of naloxone, and six of them were used to model conditioned place aversion (CPA). 18F-GE180 PET imaging was performed for 11 rats on the last day of the morphine treatment phase and for 10 rats on the response assessment phase of the behavior conditioning procedure. A GE180 template was established for spatial normalization of each individual image, and the differential 18F-GE180 uptakes between the drug withdrawal (DW) group and the drug addiction (DA) group, the CPA group and the DA group, and the CPA group and the DW group were compared by a voxel-wise two-sample t-test using SPM8. Results: Both the DW group and the CPA group spent less time in the conditioning cage during the posttest phase compared with the pretest phase, but only the difference in the CPA group was significant (63.2 ± 34.6 vs. -159.53 ± 22.02, P < 0.005). Compared with the DA group, the uptake of 18F-GE180 increased mainly in the hippocampus, visual cortex, thalamus and midbrain regions and decreased mainly in the sensory-related cortices after the administration of naloxone in both the DW and CPA groups. Increased 18F-GE180 uptake was only observed in the mesolimbic regions after conditioned aversion compared with the DW group. Conclusion: In morphine-dependent rats, neuroinflammation became more severe in the addiction-involved brain regions but remitted in the sensory-related brain regions after the administration of naloxone, and this neuroinflammation induced by withdrawal was further aggravated after conditioned aversion formation thus may help to consolidate the withdrawal memory.
Environmental modelling of building stocks – An integrated review of life cycle-based assessment models to support EU policy making
Authors: Röck Martin , Baldereschi Elena , Verellen Evelien , Passer Alexander , Sala Serenella , Allacker Karen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Various environmental challenges, particularly the rising severity of the impacts of climate change, require a systematic shift in and decarbonization of the global economy. Due to their high environmental impacts, buildings and construction have a special role in decarbonization. Environmental modelling of building stock dynamics can help policy makers and inform decision making. This study presents a systematic review of both the latest scientific literature on environmental modelling of building stocks and related EU policy initiatives. Our findings illuminate the strengths and limitations of existing approaches as well as the potential of such modelling and the required directions for future development to provide effective policy support. Based on the assessment of 104 scientific papers, our study shortlisted and analysed 22 environmental building stock modelling approaches. While promising, these show various limitations on their effectiveness in supporting decarbonization efforts while avoiding burden shifting. Future building stock models should offer extended system boundaries and comprehensive life cycle assessment, improved hotspot analysis and impact monitoring across spatiotemporal scales. A long-term perspective on the entire building stock covering climate and other environmental impacts is needed, as outlined in the latest standards. By linking existing studies to related EU policy objectives, we identify various studies that investigate scenarios and strategies relevant to EU policy makers and highlight research gaps. Future research should enable comprehensive environmental assessment of building stocks across scales and emphasize the monitoring of multiple environmental impacts of building stock development to ensure compliance with environmental targets and minimization of trade-offs.
Heating with Steam Methane Reformed Hydrogen
Authors: Barrett Mark , Cassarino Tiziano Gallo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen produced from natural gas with steam methane reforming coupled with carbon capture and sequestration (SMRCCS) is proposed as fuel for consumer heating and cooking systems. This paper presents estimates of the energy losses and methane and carbon dioxide emission and global warming across the whole gas to hydrogen heat supply chain – from production to consumer. Processed natural gas is typically about 95% methane which is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) such that, with 20 year and 100 year GWP horizons, about 4% and 8% leakage respectively will cause as much global warming as the carbon dioxide formed when burning the methane. Data on gas emissions and SMRCCS costs and performance are sparse and wide ranging and this presents a major problem in accurately appraising the possible role of hydrogen from methane. The survey indicates emissions between 50 and 200 gCO2eq per unit of heat (kWhth) for SMRCCS H2 heat depending on leakage and GWP time horizon assumed. The second part of the paper reviews gas supply pricing and security and presents a cost minimised configuration of a SMRCCS hydrogen heating system derived with a simple model. Uncertainty in SMRCCS greenhouse gas emissions coupled with a net zero emission target and the long term issue of the physical and economic security of natural gas supply, bear on the potential advantages of SMRCCS as compared to other options, such as heating with renewable electricity driving consumer or district heating heat pumps.
Resolution of discrepant typings observed in paternity testing
Authors: Guizzo M.L. , Lang N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Discrepant results in phenotyping the red blood cells (RBCs) of a child and his alleged parents were attributable to a contaminating antibody, anii-Bgb (HLA B-17), in typing reagents (anti-C and -Cw). This case demonstrates the necessity for using reagents from at least two sources for paternity testing.
The elucidation of a Kell-related autoantibody using ZZAP-treated red cells
Authors: Rowe G.P. , Tozzo G.G. , Poole J. , Liew Y.W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old, nontransfused, Caucasian male was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and an autoantibody in his serum prior to total hip replacement. Autoabsorption with the patient’s ZZAP-treated red cells failed to absorb the autoantibody, giving a clue to its possible specificity, which was subsequently found to be Kell-system related. In addition, his red cells were found to have a slightly weakened expression of Kell system antigens. The patient was fit and healthy with normal hematological indices at the time of the operation. One year later, the hematological findings remained the same despite the persistence of the autoantibody and a positive DAT. This suggested that the autoantibody was benign, which was supported by a negative in vitro macrophage assay.
Cost accounting for blood bank laboratories
Authors: Tessel J.A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To meet the challenges of present-day blood banking, laboratory managers and supervisors must acquire and use skills in financial management. One such skill is cost analysis. Cost analyses vary from simple to complex and are used to determine the basic elements contributing to a test cost. Cost analysis can be used to identify costs, justify updating laboratory test prices, monitor general supply and reagent costs, help in the decision to lease or buy an instrument, modify existing test procedures to cut costs, determine staffing needs, and assure accurate reimbursement for laboratory services.
Stimulation of Antibody Following 51 Chromium Survival Studies
Authors: Esty Susan S. , Wahl Tracy , Zawisza Julie , Mallory Delores , Davey Richard J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The survival of red blood cells (RBCs) radiolabeled with 51chromium (51Cr) is a reliable method for predicting transfusion compatibility. Approximately 1.0 ml of 51Cr tagged RBCs is infused into the patient and samples are drawn at predetermined intervals post in-fusion to determine RBC survival. Red cells used for the study are usually incompatible with the patient’s antibody. This antigenic rechallenge may stimulate further antibody production, which could contribute to accelerated destruction of RBCs during subsequent incompatible transfusions.
To study this question, blood samples were collected from six patients with a single atypical doantibody, seven to nine months after 5lCr RBC survival studies had been performed in an unrelated protocol. Blood had not been transfused in the interim. The samples were tested in parallel with pre-survival samples for change in antibody titer and score. In addition, RBCs used for the 51Cr survival study, sensitized in vitro with pre- and postsurvival serum, were tested by the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA).
Serum antibody titers showed a significant increase (>2 dilutions) in two of six patients and antibody score was significantly increased (> 10) in three of six patients. One of the two negative MMAs became weakly positive. This study suggests that 5lCr survival tests using small volumes of RBCs can stimulate significant increases in antibody in some patients, a factor that must be considered in performing these tests and in planning subsequent transfusions.
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Auto-Anti-Ai Specificity: 51Chromium Survival Studies
Authors: McGinniss Mary H. , Binder Richard A. , Kales Arthur N. , Davey Richard J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman was found to have severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The patient was group A1 Rh0(D) positive. The direct antiglobulin test was strongly positive with anti-C3 and negative with anti- IgG. The serum contained two distinct IgM antibodies, auto-anti-I and auto-anti-AI. Both were reactive at 22 °C. However, the anti-AI also was reactive in saline and in albumin at 37°C. An eluate revealed anti-AI and a weak anti-L Sequential 5’Chromium survival studies were done with group OI and Al red cells. The group OI red cells survived normally (97% at 24 hours) while the group A J red cells were removed in a “two- component” pattern characteristic of IgM complementfixing antibodies (62% survival at one hour, 49% at 24 hours). Based on these observations, the patient was subsequently transfused without incidence with six group O units of washed red cells prior to splenectomy. Although auto-anti-AI has been previously reported, this is the first case to demonstrate the use of 51Cr survival studies to determine its clinical significance.
Stormwater management by low impact development practices
Authors: Mani Melika , Bateni Sayed , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Cording Amanda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the effects of climate change, urban and suburban expansion, and urban pollutants on runoff quality and quantity, applying contemporary stormwater management approaches in urban areas have become more critical. Low impact development (LID) practices are environmentally friendly stormwater management methods, seeking to replicate the natural hydrologic regimes in urban areas. They have become popular methods to reduce/prevent adverse stormwater runoff impacts in urban catchments, mainly by improving on-site infiltration or harvesting and reusing runoff. This study introduces LID practices and the importance of using them. Thereafter, the structure, benefits, and limitations of common LID practices are explained to help water resource engineers and urban planners have a better understanding of these practices, and choose the most suitable LID practice based on the needs of the project and features of the site.
Optimization of TiO2-P25 photocatalyst dose and H2O2 concentration for advanced photo-oxidation using smartphone-based colorimetry
Authors: Danyliuk Nazarii , Tatarchuk Tetiana , Kannan Karthik , Shyichuk Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Color images taken by a smartphone camera were used to estimate the rate of advanced photo-oxidation reaction of Direct Red 23 (DR23) azo dye as a model organic pollutant. The red, green, blue color coordinates were tested to quantify the dye. Images of the reaction mixture were taken at specified intervals to obtain kinetic lines and reaction rate constants. Both the reaction rate constant and the final degree of degradation were plotted as functions of the photocatalyst dose and the concentration of H2O2. The smartphone measurements are fully consistent with the reference spectrophotometry data. The maximum degradation efficiency of the DR23 dye was recorded at C0(H2O2) = 2.5 mM and photocatalyst dose equal to 1.0 mg/L. Higher H2O2 concentrations reduce the degradation rate as a result of the side reaction of H2O2 with OH radicals. A two-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of photocatalyst dose and H2O2 concentration with five and seven levels, respectively. The analysis of variance results indicated that the concentration of H2O2 had the greater influence. The smartphone provides quick and easy measurement of the photodegradation rate directly in the solutions without sampling. The proposed approach can be applied under field conditions in wastewater treatment plants.
Targeted Drug Delivery: Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Sandhu Navjot Kaur , Chawla Viney , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Having various limitations in conventional drug delivery system, it is important
to focus on the target-specific drug delivery system where we can deliver the drug without
any degradation. Among various challenges that are thrown to a formulation scientist, delivering
the drug to its right site, in its right dose, is also an important aim. A focused drug transport aims to
extend, localize, target and have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue.

Objective:
The aim of targeted drug delivery is to make the required amount of the drug available
at its desired site of action. Drug targeting can be accomplished in a number of ways that include
enzyme mediation, pH-dependent release, use of special vehicles, receptor targeting, among other
mechanisms. Intelligently designed targeted drug delivery systems also offer the advantages of a
low dose of the drug along with reduced side effects which ultimately improves patient compliance.
Incidences of dose dumping and dosage form failure are negligible. A focused drug transport
aims to have a safe drug interaction with the diseased tissue.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on the available targeting techniques from experiment to perfection
for delivery to the colon, brain, and other sites of interest. Overall, the article should make an
excellent read for the researchers in this area. Newer drug targets may be identified and exploited
for successful drug targeting.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Glabridin Tip-loaded Dissolving Microneedles
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Wang Meixia , Ran Mengnan , Liu Xinying , Liu Siwan , Ruan Zhipeng , Jin Nan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The clinical application of glabridin in treating skin diseases has been constrained
by the limitations of its poor chemical stability and low skin permeability.

Objective:
Here, we describe Tip-loading Dissolving Microneedles (TDMNs) encapsulating drugs
only in the tips of needles for glabridin delivery with improved stability and skin permeability.

Methods:
The TDMNs fabricated by solvent casting technique had sufficient mechanical strength
to penetrate through the excised rat's skin without fracture. Drug delivery efficiency and drug residual
in the skin of TDMNs were 63.16% and 49.28%, respectively. Glabridin encapsulated in the
tips of TDMNs was effectively delivered into the abdominal skin of rat, and the in vivo delivery efficiency
was inversely proportional to the drug doses.

Results:
Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) significantly increased to 34.80 g/m2·h after the application
of TDMNs and returned to normal levels (11.31 g/m2·h) after 8 h, indicating that the
TDMNs were well tolerated. The stability of glabridin at room temperature was appreciably improved
when loaded in TDMNs.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that intradermal delivery of glabridin by TDMNs is a safe and
efficient alternative to currently available routes of administration.