bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—a review
Authors: Kottaisamy Chidhambara Priya Dharshini , Raj Divya S. , Prasanth Kumar V. , Sankaran Umamaheswari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus, a very common and multifaceted metabolic disorder is considered as one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition with high glucose level in the blood plasma resulting from defects in insulin secretion or its action and in some cases both the impairment in secretion and also action of insulin coexist. Historically, animal models have played a critical role in exploring and describing malady pathophysiology and recognizable proof of targets and surveying new remedial specialists and in vivo medicines. In the present study, we reviewed the experimental models employed for diabetes and for its related complications. This paper reviews briefly the broad chemical induction of alloxan and streptozotocin and its mechanisms associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Also we highlighted the different models in other species and other animals.
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome: clinical/genetic features and natural history in six Pakistani patients
Authors: Waheed Nadia , Ijaz Sadaqat , Fayyaz Zafar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS; OMIM # 275630) is a rare neutral lipid storage disorder caused by mutation in ABHD5 (a/b hydrolase domain containing 5″) a cofactor for adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) resulting in intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) in numerous body tissues. It is an autosomal recessive disorder mutation in ABHD5 that causes the partial or total loss of ATGL activation, leading to the accumulation of TG inside lipid droplets. We aim to assess the clinical and biochemical manifestations, diagnosis, follow-up and genotype–phenotype correlations in six Pakistani pediatric patients with CDS.

Results
Six male patients with mean age 15 months (9–24 months) diagnosed as CDS on the basis of non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, hepatomegaly and Jordans bodies in peripheral smear. We identified two novel mutations in ABHD5 gene (c.338G > T and c.730_731insA). These mutations have a pathogenic and damaging influence on the ABHD5 protein structure and function. During the 2 year clinical follow-up one patient died of severe chest infection; he had severe phenotype. There is no genotype–phenotype correlation in CDS. Therapy with low fat diet, MCT oil, Vit E and ursodeoxycholic acid has promising results in CDS.

Conclusion
Non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, steatohepatitis and Jordan’s anomaly are consistent findings in all cases of CDS. It is suggested that an accurate diagnosis of CDS should be based on combination of clinical features and pathognomonic ABHD5 mutations. More studies should be carried out to identify population-specific genetic mutations for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of CDS.
To understand the reproductive tract microbiome associated with infertility through metagenomics analysis
Authors: Vajpeyee Manisha , Yadav Lokendra Bahadur , Tiwari Shivam , Tank Parikshit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the microbiome is in its infancy in health and human illness, especially concerning human reproduction. We will be better able to treat dysbiosis of the reproductive tract clinically if it is better explained and understood. It has been shown that altered vaginal microbiota affects parturition, and its function is uncertain in assisted reproductive technologies. However, the effects of recognized microbes such as Mycoplasma tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are well established, resulting in subclinical changes which are considered to be risk factors for infertility and poor reproductive outcomes.

Main body
Recent studies indicate that the vaginal tract comprises several different organisms of the microbiome. Some microbiota can play an important role not only in the reproductive tract but also in overall health. The microbiome of the female reproductive tract has been identified mainly based on studies that examine vaginal samples across many reproductive technologies, using a metagenomics approach.

Conclusion
Alteration of reproductive tract microbiota or presence of certain microbiota irrespective of the level of pathogenicity may interfere with fertilization, implantation, and subsequent embryo development. This may lead to failed fertility treatments and reduced live birth rate (LBR).
Mental health and burnout in Nepalese medical students: an observational study
Authors: Kafle Bikram , Bagale Yashoda , Kadhum Murtaza , Molodynski Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Mental health problems among medical students are highly prevalent internationally. There have been very few studies however in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the frequency of mental health problems and burnout in Nepalese medical students.

Results
A total of 169 students responded to the questionnaire. Half (50%) of the surveyed students had some form of mental health problem according to the GHQ-12, while the OLBI showed that 85% students were disengaged and 65% were exhausted. The CAGE screening tool was positive in 14%, and 11% described illicit drug use. Sixty-four percent of students identified their academic studies as their major source of stress.

Conclusions
Timely recognition of mental health problems is imperative to avert psychiatric illness. Training on early identification and management of stress would be helpful. Further studies are required to identify the factors associated with poor mental health.
Computational evaluation of some compounds as potential anti-breast cancer agents
Authors: Idris Momohjimoh Ovaku , Abechi Stephen Eyije , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The emergence of high resistance and toxicity of the existing anti-breast cancer drugs have demanded the need to design new drugs with improved activities against breast cancer. A computational technique incorporating quantitative structure–activity relationship and virtual template-based design was carried out to evaluate thirty-four compounds from derivatives of thiophene, pyrimidine, coumarin, pyrazole and pyridine with anti-breast cancer activities. The chemical structures of the compounds were drawn with chem draw v.12.0.2 and they were optimized using Spartan 14 software. The molecular descriptors were calculated with the aid of PaDel descriptor software. The dataset was curated and then divided into training and test set that was used to generate and validate the model.

Results
The first out of the four models generated was chosen as the paramount model with statistical validations of R2 = 0.9847, $$R_{{{\text{adj}}}}^{2}$$

R

adj

2

= 0.9814, $$Q_{{{\text{cv}}}}^{2}$$

Q

cv

2

= 0.9763, min expt. error for non-significant LOF (95%) = 0.0679, an external validation $$R_{{{\text{test}}}}^{2}$$

R

test

2

of 0.8240 and coefficient of Y-randomization ($${\text{cR}}_{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

cR

p

2

) = 0.8200, which confirm the robustness of the model.

Conclusions
The high predictive power of the generated model describes the models’ reliability and the designed compounds pointed out compound 2 with pGI50 = 4.2504 as the best designed compound to inhibit breast cancer, compared to its co-designed compounds and the template. The results of this research provide vital information to the pharmaceutical chemists and the pharmacologist in the course of developing new breast cancer drugs.
Is radio an effective method for delivering actionable information for responding to emerging pest threats? A case study of fall armyworm campaign in Zambia
Authors: Rware Harrison , Kansiime Monica K. , Mugambi Idah , Onyango David , Tambo Justice A. , Banda Catherine Mloza , Phiri Noah A. , Chipabika Gilson , Matimelo Mathews , Chaaba Dorcas Kabuya , Davis Tamsin , Godwin Julien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The Fall Army Worm (FAW) radio campaign was implemented between November 2018 and April 2019 in key maize growing areas and locations with reported high severity of fall armyworm as identified by national stakeholders. We evaluated the effectiveness of radio mass extension campaign in achieving scale, and effect on farmers’ knowledge and uptake of management practices for fall armyworm (FAW). We also assessed the factors determining farmers’ participation in radio campaign, to inform future and similar campaigns.

Methods
Data were gathered through a household survey targeting locations where the campaign was implemented; and 250 male and 215 female farmers were surveyed. The study was conducted in four of the seven provinces where the campaign took place—Eastern, Luapula, Copperbelt and Southern provinces. Selection of the sample provinces was based on reported rainfall distribution during the season and severity of FAW infestation, radio coverage areas and maize growing intensities.

Results
The radio campaign reached an estimated 1.4 million farmers. Survey results show that both male and female radio listeners were significantly more aware of fall armyworm, and more likely to adopt management practices than non-radio listeners, in particular preventive measures such as frequent monitoring, intercropping and crop rotation. This means that participation in the radio-based extension campaign significantly increased farmers’ knowledge and stimulated uptake of management practices for FAW. However, the survey showed that only 49% of the respondents listened to at least one FAW radio episode. Predictors of farmer participation in radio campaign were; gender, education level, and maize farm size.

Conclusions
The results imply that deliberate promotion of such programs would enhance listenership and improve interactivity while at the same time integrating other extension approaches. The integration also provides opportunities for equally reaching women as men, given the observed digital divide.
Exergy analysis and performance study for sour water stripper units, amine regenerator units and a Sulphur recovery unit of a refining plant
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Y. , Ashour Fatma H. , Gadalla Mamdouh A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA refining column in the middle east that started its official production in 2020 provides its sour wastewater from all refinery plants to two sour water units (SWS1 and SWS2) to strip H2S and NH3. Sour gas from the refinery uses a lean amine solution for gas sweetening to absorb H2S in different absorbers. Rich amine with H2S is then stripped in two amine regeneration units (ARU1 and ARU2). The overhead of SWS and ARU units provide the acid gas feed to the sulphur recovery unit (SRU) to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. First, the SWS1 unit is simulated using Aspen HYSYS V.11. A complete exergy study is conducted in the unit. Exergy destruction, exergy efficiency and percentage share in the destruction are calculated for all equipment. The highest exergy destruction rate was in the stripper with 5028.58 kW and a percentage share of 81.94% of the total destruction. A comparison was conducted between the exergy results of this study with two other exergy studies performed in the same refinery plant. The columns in the three studies showed the highest destruction rates exceeding 78% of the total destruction of each unit. The air coolers showed the second-highest destruction rates in their units with a percentage share exceeding 7% of the total destruction. The pumps showed the lowest destruction rates with values of less than 1% of the total destruction of each unit. Then, an individual simulation is conducted for stripper1 of SWS1, stripper2 for SWS2, regenerator1 of ARU1 and regenerator2 of ARU2. The individual simulations are combined in one simulation named combined simulation to compute the composition of acid gas from SWS and ARU units feeding SRU. Then, the SRU unit is simulated via a special package in HYSYS V.11 named SULSIM. The computed composition from SWS and ARU is exported to excel where it is linked with SRU simulation to calculate sulphur production. For the first time in any article in the world, all data feeding SWS, ARU, and SRU units are connected to a live system named Process Historian Database (PHD) to gather live data from the plant and perform plant optimization.
An introduction to distributed training of deep neural networks for segmentation tasks with large seismic data sets
Authors: Birnie Claire , Jarraya Haithem , Hansteen Fredrik 
Published: August 2021

Deep learning applications are drastically progressing in seismic processing and interpretation tasks. However, most approaches subsample data volumes and restrict model sizes to minimize computational requirements. Subsampling the data risks losing vital spatiotemporal information which could aid training, whereas restricting model sizes can impact model performance, or in some extreme cases renders more complicated tasks such as segmentation impossible. We have determined how to tackle the two main issues of training of large neural networks (NNs): memory limitations and impracticably large training times. Typically, training data are preloaded into memory prior to training, a particular challenge for seismic applications in which the data format is typically four times larger than that used for standard image processing tasks (float32 versus uint8). Based on an example from microseismic monitoring, we evaluate how more than 750 GB of data can be used to train a model by using a data generator approach, which only stores in memory the data required for that training batch. Furthermore, efficient training over large models is illustrated through the training of a seven-layer U-Net with input data dimensions of [Formula: see text] (approximately [Formula: see text] million parameters). Through a batch-splitting distributed training approach, the training times are reduced by a factor of four. The combination of data generators and distributed training removes any necessity of data subsampling or restriction of NN sizes, offering the opportunity to use larger networks, higher resolution input data, or move from 2D to 3D problem spaces.
Protocol for a scoping review of neonatal emollient therapy and massage practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Blanks Keona J.H. , Musaba Milton W. , Ren Lily , Burgoine Kathy , Mukunya David , Clarke Andrew , Williams Sarah , Gebremichael Tewodros , Waiswa Peter , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Serious infections and other complications from very low birth weight and prematurity are the leading causes of death for neonates worldwide. Infections partly result from the compromised skin barrier function in preterm neonates. Optimal skin care practices for neonates, especially in settings with limited access to adequate hygienic conditions, hold potential to reduce infection and avoid these preventable preterm neonatal deaths. The purpose of this protocol is to support a scoping review of neonatal skin care, emollient therapy and massage practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Protocol: The proposed review will follow a methodological framework consisting of the following five steps: (i) identifying the research question, (ii) identifying relevant studies, (iii) selection of eligible studies, (iv) charting the data, and (v) collating and summarizing the results. In addition, we will reflect on the implications of the findings for the feasibility and design of randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of emollient therapy on survival, growth, infection and neurodevelopment of very low birth weight infants in sub-Saharan Africa. We will search domestic and international databases for literature published in English between January 1, 2000, and July 12, 2021. Articles will be chosen based on standardized inclusion criteria. The primary criteria for inclusion will be a report on skin care practices administered to neonates in Africa. Conclusions: Documentation of common neonatal skin care practices throughout Africa has the potential to highlight opportunities for skin care intervention and future research on neonatal skin care practices in sub-Saharan Africa, and support the development of future emollient intervention trials for preterm and low birthweight neonates in low- and middle-income countries.
Spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour: data collected from 27/28-year-old offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2019-2020.
Authors: Iles-Caven Yasmin , Bickerstaffe Iain , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean 
Published: August 2021

Religious/spiritual belief and practices have sometimes been demonstrated to have positive associations with outcomes such as coping with serious illness, anxiety, depression, negative life events and general well-being, and therefore warrants consideration in many facets of health research. For example, increasing secularisation evidenced, particularly in the West, may reflect increasing rates of depression and anxiety. Very few studies have charted the ways in which religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of parents and their offspring vary longitudinally or between generations. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is one such study that can relate belief and practices with aspects of physical and mental health and/or distinguish the different facets of the environment that may influence the development, or inter-generational loss, of belief and behaviours. This paper describes the 2019-2020 data collection in the ALSPAC on the religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) of the study offspring (born 1991/1992) at ages 27-28 years. Previously collected and new data on the offspring are described here and comparisons are made with identical data completed by their parents (mothers and their partners) in early 2020. The most striking observations are that in almost all aspects of RSBB the offspring of both sexes are more secular, especially when compared with their mothers. For example, 56.2% of offspring state that they do not believe in God, or a divine power compared with 26.6% of mothers and 45.3% of mothers’ partners. When asked about their type of religion, 65.4% of participants stated ‘none’, compared with 27.2% of mothers and 40.2% of partners. This confirms previous research reporting increasing secularisation from one generation to the next. As with the mothers and their partners, female offspring were more likely than males to believe in a divine power and to practice their beliefs.
Perbedaan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Yang di Ajar dengan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dengan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan
Authors: Budianto Agum , Gultom Syawal 
Published: August 2021

Pemecahan masalah siswa khususnya di dalam pelajaran matematika masih di kategorikan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan model pembelajaran quantum learning pada materi kubus dan balok di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan T.A 2018/2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas VIII-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen A yaitu kelas yang di ajar dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan kelas VIII-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen B yaitu kelas yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Quantum Learning. Sampel penelitian dilihat berdasarkan kesamaan kondisi awal berdasarkan nilai rapor siswa. Kemudian prosedur yang pertama adalah memberi tes kemampuan awal kepada kelas yang diteliti. Dari hasil tes awal yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata observasi siswa dalam materi kubus dan balok adalah sebesar 34,75. Setelah dilakukan posttest pada kedua kelas, dan diperoleh hasil berupa rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen A sebesar 65,184 dan rata-rata nilai kelas eksperimen B sebesar 58,333. Artinya, kedua kelas sampel penelitian mengalami kondisi yang berbeda terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika setelah mendapat perlakuan. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang di ajar menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dengan Model Pembelajaran Quantum Learning pada materi Kubus Dan Balok di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Medan T.A 2018/2019.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Daring Era 4.0 Di Masa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Rawung Refien K S 
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan saat ini menghadapi dampak yang besar sebagai akibat dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang sangat pesat juga terhadap kehidupan manusia pada umumnya. Digitalisasi yang ditandai dengan semakin kompleksnya teknologi yang diciptakan memberi banyak kemudahan. Media pembelajaran pun semakin berkembang seiring dengan lajunya perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan media pembelajaran daring di masa pandemic dan pasca pandemic. Studi kepustakaan di gunakan dalam penelitian ini, sumber diambil dari buku, artikel dan internet untuk mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan penelitian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajara daring sudah merupakan keniscayaan untuk secara berkesinambungan dilakukan oleh guru dan dosen, untuk mengadaptasi pembelajaran konvensional ke pola pembelajaran modern yang berbasis teknologi. Berbagai platform pembelajaran daring dapat dimaksimalkan untuk dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran daring yang bahkan dapat di gunakan secara bersama-sama agar dapat memecahkan kebosanan yang sering muncul pada pembelajaran daring akibat pola yang sama terusa menerus digunakan. Guru ataupun dosen melakukan pengembangan penggunaan media pembelajaran yang awalnya hanya menggunakan satu platform berkembang menjadi dua ataupun lebih untuuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran. LMS dengan platform pembelajaran yang lebih bervariasi menjadi alternatif terbaik untuk memberikan suasana pembelajaran yang tidak monoton bagi peserta didik.
Generation of sub-100  fs ultraviolet pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ce:LiCAF laser
Authors: Sharp Adam , Kitzler Ondrej , Fuerbach Alex , Spence David J. , Coutts David W. 
Published: August 2021

We report the direct generation of mode-locked pulses as short as 91 fs from the broad-bandwidth gain medium of

L
i
C
a
A
l
F

6

(Ce:LiCAF) by combining Kerr-lens mode locking with synchronous pumping. The latter of these schemes, and the broad bandwidth of Ce:LiCAF, resulted in dispersion tuning of wavelength via cavity length in the spectral region of 290 nm; this mechanism facilitated a practical means of estimating intra-cavity dispersion, which was compensated for using a Brewster’s-cut prism pair. The pulse duration was measured via split-beam asynchronous cross-correlation using a Ti:sapphire reference laser and a known time reference. From the Ce:LiCAF laser cavity, output powers of 110 mW and a 9% slope efficiency were achieved.