bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in older people with sarcopenia defined according to EWGSOP2 and FNHI criteria
Authors: Remelli Francesca , Maietti Elisa , Abete Pasquale , Bellelli Giuseppe , Bo Mario , Cherubini Antonio , Corica Francesco , Di Bari Mauro , Maggio Marcello , Rizzo Maria Rosaria , Rossi Andrea P. , Landi Francesco , Volpato Stefano ,   the GLISTEN Group Investigators, Brombo Gloria , Ortolani Beatrice , Savino Elisabetta , Maietti Elisa , Fisichella Alberto , Buttò Valeria , Zamboni Mauro , Caliari Cesare , Ferrari Elena , Orso Francesco , Sacco Flavia , Di Meo Maria Laura , Cerri Anna Paola , Motta Marco , Pittella Francesca , Bonfanti Alessandra , Fusco Sergio , Schepisi Roberto , Ferro Christian , Catalano Antonino , Caruso Stefano , Soraci Luca , Marchese Lorenzo , Agosta Luca , Basile Claudia , Coppola Carla , Dalise Anna Maria , Fava Ilaria , Catte Olga , Orru’ Maura , Salaris Paolo , Martone Anna Maria , Ortolani Elena , Salini Sara , dell’Aquila Giuseppina , Carrieri Barbara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Although the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing, nowadays a universally accepted definition still does not exist. Because, this clinical entity is defined as the combination of obesity and sarcopenia, the diagnosis appears to be strictly linked to criteria used for sarcopenia and the available prevalence data are not uniform. To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older persons according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH criteria. Second, to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes in patients with sarcopenia diagnosed by the two definitions.

Methods
Observational multicenter study performed in 2014 on older patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals (GLISTEN Study). Data were collected through standardized questionnaires, which assessed: socio-demographic data, cognitive status, functional abilities, pharmacological therapy, comorbidities, and blood tests. Moreover, muscle mass and strength and physical performance were evaluated.

Results
Six hundred and ten were included in the analyses. Among sarcopenic patients, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 30.8% with FNIH and 0% with EWGSOP2 criteria. According to EWGSOP2 criteria, 23.7% of sarcopenic and 30.8% of non-sarcopenic patients were affected by diabetes (p = 0.101); otherwise, using FNIH criteria, 36.3% of sarcopenic and 26.9% of non-sarcopenic patients were diabetic (p = 0.030). After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetic patients had a 73% higher probability of being sarcopenic according to FNIH criteria (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.13–2.64).

Conclusions
The EWGSOP2 and FNIH sarcopenia criteria are differently related to the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. The EWGSOP2 criteria seem to be not suitable to identify people with sarcopenic obesity.
Stress and deformation analysis of gob-side pre-backfill driving procedure of longwall mining: a case study
Authors: Wu Rui , Zhang Penghui , Kulatilake Pinnaduwa H. S. W. , Luo Hao , He Qingyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt present, non-pillar entry protection in longwall mining is mainly achieved through either the gob-side entry retaining (GER) procedure or the gob-side entry driving (GED) procedure. The GER procedure leads to difficulties in maintaining the roadway in mining both the previous and current panels. A narrow coal pillar about 5–7 m must be left in the GED procedure; therefore, it causes permanent loss of some coal. The gob-side pre-backfill driving (GPD) procedure effectively removes the wasting of coal resources that exists in the GED procedure and finds an alternative way to handle the roadway maintenance problem that exists in the GER procedure. The FLAC3D software was used to numerically investigate the stress and deformation distributions and failure of the rock mass surrounding the previous and current panel roadways during each stage of the GPD procedure which requires "twice excavation and mining". The results show that the stress distribution is slightly asymmetric around the previous panel roadway after the “primary excavation”. The stronger and stiffer backfill compared to the coal turned out to be the main bearing body of the previous panel roadway during the "primary mining". The highest vertical stresses of 32.6 and 23.1 MPa, compared to the in-situ stress of 10.5 MPa, appeared in the backfill wall and coal seam, respectively. After the "primary mining", the peak vertical stress under the coal seam at the floor level was slightly higher (18.1 MPa) than that under the backfill (17.8 MPa). After the "secondary excavation", the peak vertical stress under the coal seam at the floor level was slightly lower (18.7 MPa) than that under the backfill (19.8 MPa); the maximum floor heave and maximum roof sag of the current panel roadway were 252.9 and 322.1 mm, respectively. During the "secondary mining", the stress distribution in the rock mass surrounding the current panel roadway was mainly affected by the superposition of the front abutment pressure from the current panel and the side abutment pressure from the previous panel. The floor heave of the current panel roadway reached a maximum of 321.8 mm at 5 m ahead of the working face; the roof sag increased to 828.4 mm at the working face. The peak abutment pressure appeared alternately in the backfill and the coal seam during the whole procedure of "twice excavation and mining" of the GPD procedure. The backfill provided strong bearing capacity during all stages of the GPD procedure and exhibited reliable support for the roadway. The results provide scientific insight for engineering practice of the GPD procedure.
Finite element modeling of multiple density materials of bone specimens for biomechanical behavior evaluation
Authors: Irarrázaval Sebastián , Ramos-Grez Jorge Andrés , Pérez Luis Ignacio , Besa Pablo , Ibáñez Angélica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe finite elements method allied with the computerized axial tomography (CT) is a mathematical modeling technique that allows constructing computational models for bone specimens from CT data. The objective of this work was to compare the experimental biomechanical behavior by three-point bending tests of porcine femur specimens with different types of computational models generated through the finite elements’ method and a multiple density materials assignation scheme. Using five femur specimens, 25 scenarios were created with differing quantities of materials. This latter was applied to computational models and in bone specimens subjected to failure. Among the three main highlights found, first, the results evidenced high precision in predicting experimental reaction force versus displacement in the models with larger number of assigned materials, with maximal results being anR2of 0.99 and a minimum root-mean-square error of 3.29%. Secondly, measured and computed elastic stiffness values follow same trend with regard to specimen mass, and the latter underestimates stiffness values a 6% in average. Third and final highlight, this model can precisely and non-invasively assess bone tissue mechanical resistance based on subject-specific CT data, particularly if specimen deformation values at fracture are considered as part of the assessment procedure.
Impact of repeated co-treatment with escitalopram and aripiprazole on the schizophrenia-like behaviors and BDNF mRNA expression in the adult Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal development of the brain
Authors: Lech Marta A. , Kamińska Kinga , Leśkiewicz Monika , Lorenc-Koci Elżbieta , Rogóż Zofia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical and clinical studies have indicated that impaired endogenous synthesis of glutathione during early postnatal development plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, some studies have suggested that antidepressants are able to increase the activity of atypical antipsychotics which may efficiently improve the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the influence of repeated co-treatment with escitalopram and aripiprazole on the schizophrenia-like behavior and BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal development. Male pups between the postnatal days p5–p16 were treated with the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, BSO (L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine) and the dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12,909 alone or in combination. Escitalopram and aripiprazole were given repeatedly for 21 days before the tests. On p90–92 rats were evaluated in the behavioral and biochemical tests.ResultsBSO given alone and together with GBR 12,909 induced deficits in the studied behavioral tests and decreased the expression of BDNF mRNA. Repeated aripiprazole administration at a higher dose reversed these behavioral deficits. Co-treatment with aripiprazole and an ineffective dose of escitalopram also abolished the behavioral deficits in the studied tests.ConclusionThe obtained data indicated that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis in early postnatal development induced long-term deficits corresponding to schizophrenia-like behavior and decreased the BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats, and these behavioral deficits were reversed by repeated treatment with a higher dose of aripiprazole and also by co-treatment with aripiprazole and ineffective dose of escitalopram.
High Expression of Long Noncoding RNA NORAD is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Eslami Mohammad Masoud , Soufizomorrod Mina , Ahmadvand Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Objective/Background:
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA NORAD has been identified in human solid tumors. However, the expression profile of NORAD and its clinical implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the NORAD expression status and its clinical significance in non-M3 AML patients.

Methods:
NORAD expression was evaluated in 60 de novo non-M3 AML patients and 49 healthy individuals using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction method. The correlation between NORAD transcription levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was statistically studied.

Results:
Compared with the healthy controls, NORAD was consistently higher in non-M3 AML patients (p = .01). Furthermore, initial NORAD upregulation occurred more frequently in patients with unfavorable cytogenetic risk (p = .02). The non-M3 AML patients were divided into NORAD high-expressing (NORADhigh) and NORAD low- expressing (NORADlow) groups based on the median NORAD expression level. Univariate analyses revealed that patients with high expression levels of NORAD had relatively poor overall survival (p = .03) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = .01). Additionally, multivariate analysis highlighted that NORAD upregulation was an independent risk factor for RFS.

Conclusion:
Our observations indicate the fact that high expression of NORAD could be an unfavorable risk factor in non-M3 AML patients, and NORAD might be a novel therapeutic candidate for future treatments targeting AML.
Nobody there? On the non-existence ofnobodyin Mandarin Chinese and related issues
Authors: Paul Waltraud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present article demonstrates how the so far unchallenged misanalysis within Chinese linguistics of a few, but central, data points has led to a distorted picture biasing,inter alia, the general typology ofwh-in-situ languages as well as the crosslinguistic study of Quantifier Phrases. This is the case forméi yǒu rén‘not exist person’,hěnshǎo yǒu rén‘rarely exist person’, andzhǐ yǒuDP ‘only exist DP’, which are not nominal projections equivalent of ‘nobody’, ‘only DP’, and ‘few people’ as currently assumed, but existential constructions: ‘there isn't anybody’, ‘there is only DP’, and ‘there are rarely people’. In addition, a subset of speakers has reanalyzedhěnshǎo (yǒu) rénwith a covertyǒu‘exist’ as a QPhěnshǎo rén‘few people’. A corpus study highlights the limited distribution ofhěnshǎo rén‘few people’, which shows that it is not on a par with its antonymhěn duō rén‘many people’.
Anatomy of a successful stewardship intervention: Improving perioperative prescribing in penicillin-allergic patients
Authors: Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Kuruvilla Merin Elizabeth , Wolf Francis A. , Lynde Grant C. , Wiley Zanthia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate whether a series of quality improvement interventions to promote safe perioperative use of cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients improved use of first-line antibiotics and decreased costs.Design:Before-and-after trial following several educational interventions.Setting:Academic medical center.Patients:This study included patients undergoing a surgical procedure involving receipt of a perioperative antibiotic other than a penicillin or carbapenem between January 1, 2017, and August 31, 2019. Patients with and without a penicillin allergy label in their electronic medical record were compared with respect to the percentage who received a cephalosporin and average antibiotic cost per patient.Methods:A multidisciplinary team from infectious diseases, allergy, anesthesiology, surgery, and pharmacy surveyed anesthesiology providers about their use of perioperative cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients. Using findings from that survey, the team designed a decision-support algorithm for safe utilization and provided 2 educational forums to introduce this algorithm, emphasizing the safety of cefazolin or cefuroxime in penicillin-allergic patients without history of a severe delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Results:The percentage of penicillin-allergic patients receiving a perioperative cephalosporin improved from ∼34% to >80% following algorithm implementation and the associated educational interventions. This increase in cephalosporin use was associated with a ∼50% reduction in antibiotic cost per penicillin-allergic patient. No significant adverse reactions were reported.Conclusions:An educational antibiotic stewardship intervention produced a significant change in clinician behavior. A simple intervention can have a significant impact, although further study is needed regarding whether this response is sustained and whether an educational intervention is similarly effective in other healthcare systems.
Microbial burden on environmental surfaces in patient rooms before daily cleaning—Analysis of multiple confounding variables
Authors: Boyce John M. , Havill Nancy L. , Guercia Kerri A. , Moore Brent A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:Estimated levels of microbial burden on hospital environmental surfaces vary substantially among published studies. Cultures obtained during a cluster-controlled crossover trial of a quaternary ammonium (Quat) disinfectant versus an improved hydrogen peroxide (IHP) disinfectant provided additional data on the amount of microbial burden on selected surfaces.Methods:RODAC plates containing D/E neutralizing agar were used to sample a convenience sample of 5–8 high-touch surfaces in patient rooms on 2 medical wards, an intensive care unit, and a step-down unit at a large hospital. Before routine daily cleaning, samples were obtained in varying rooms over an 11-month period. RODAC plates (1 per surface sampled) were incubated for 72 hours, and aerobic colony counts per plate (ACCs) were determined. Statistical analysis was used to determine the potential impact on ACCs of study period, cleaning compliance rate, disinfectant used, ward, surface sampled, and isolation room status.Results:Overall, 590 cultures were obtained on Quat wards and 589 on IHP wards. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that mean ACCs differed significantly by site (P < .001), type of ward (P < .001), isolation room status (P = .039), and study period (P = .036). The highest mean ACCs per RODAC plate were on toilet seats (112.8), bedside rails (92.0), and bathroom grab bars (79.5).Conclusions:The combination of factors analyzed revealed that estimating microbial burden is complex and is affected by multiple factors. Additional studies should evaluate individual sites, ward types, cleaning and disinfection practices, and isolation room status.
Party Positions from Wikipedia Classifications of Party Ideology
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Döring Holger 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe develop a new measure of party position based on a scaling of ideology tags supplied in infoboxes on political parties’ Wikipedia pages. Assuming a simple model of tag assignment, we estimate the locations of parties and ideologies in a common space. We find that the recovered scale can be interpreted in familiar terms of “left versus right.” Estimated party positions correlate well with ratings of parties’ positions from extant large-scale expert surveys, most strongly with ratings of general left–right ideology. Party position estimates also show high stability in a test–retest scenario. Our results demonstrate that a Wikipedia-based approach yields valid and reliable left–right scores comparable to scores obtained via conventional expert coding methods. It thus provides a measure with potentially unlimited party coverage. Our measurement strategy is also applicable beyond Wikipedia.
Lotteries and Overlapping Providences in Early America
Authors: Tomlin T. J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWhat kind of world did early American men and women believe they were living in? Did God choose lottery winners or did intellectual, economic, and scientific insights engender more reasonable, skeptical, or secular formulations? Lotteries were a common and uncontroversial presence in early American economic and civic life, funding the construction of everything from bridges to churches. George Washington liked giving lottery tickets as gifts. Denmark Vesey purchased his freedom by winning a lottery. Although scholars have used the lottery and other forms of gambling to make important claims about class and culture in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, lotteries hold rich, untapped insights for American religious history. By offering a specific causal experience to explain, lotteries prompted answers from their participants, known as “adventurers,” about why things happened. Relying on firsthand accounts of lottery winners, correspondence among the managers who oversaw lotteries, promotional schemes designed to entice participation, and newspaper coverage, this article demonstrates providence's ongoing centrality to causality in eighteenth and early nineteenth-century America. Far from jettisoning an animated, meaningful universe with the aid of reason or in the face of debilitating doubt, lottery adventurers employed both longstanding and novel versions of providence to explain how the world worked and how God worked in the world.
Modified Mediterranean diet v. traditional Iranian diet: efficacy of dietary interventions on dietary inflammatory index score, fatigue severity and disability in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Bohlouli Jalal , Namjoo Iman , Borzoo-Isfahani Mohammad , Poorbaferani Fariborz , Moravejolahkami Amir Reza , Clark Cain C. T. , Hojjati Kermani Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground:Current evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) can reduce inflammation in chronic diseases; however, studies pertaining to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the modiﬁed MeD (mMeD) in improving Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, disability and fatigue severity, compared with traditional Iranian diet (TID), in RRMS patients.Results:Of the 180 patients enrolled, 147 participants were included in the ﬁnal analysis (n of mMeD = 68; n of TID = 79). Self-reported adherence was good (˜81 %). Dietary intakes of forty-five food parameters were assessed through the FFQ. The mMeD significantly reduced DII scores after 6 months (2·38 ± 0·21 to −1·87 ± 0·86, P < 0·001), but TID did not elicit any changes (2·21 ± 0·44 to 2·14 ± 1·01, P = 0·771). Additionally, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) total score decreased significantly (72·4 ± 17·2 to 63·9 ± 14·2, P < 0·001), whereas there was no considerable improvement for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in the mMeD group.Methods:After initial screening (n 261), 180 RRMS patients were randomised to receive mMeD or TID (as control) for 6 months. DII score, EDSS and twenty-one-item MFIS were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Multivariate ANCOVA was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, body weight, BMI, education level, supplement use, family history and duration of MS.Conclusion:Adherence to mMeD, for 6 months, improved dietary inflammatory status and fatigue severity in RRMS patients; however, the TID did not positively impact dietary inflammation and MFIS score.
Extensive countrywide field investigation of somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts in bulk tank raw milk in goat herds in Greece
Authors: Lianou Daphne T. , Michael Charalambia K. , Vasileiou Natalia G.C. , Petinaki Efthimia , Cripps Peter J. , Tsilipounidaki Katerina , Katsafadou Angeliki I. , Politis Antonis P. , Kordalis Nikos G. , Ioannidi Katerina S. , Gougoulis Dimitris A. , Trikalinou Constantina , Orfanou Denise C. , Fragkou Ilektra A. , Liagka Dimitra V. , Tzora Athina , Albenzio Marzia , Mavrogianni Vasia S. , Caroprese Mariangela C. , Fthenakis George C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDairy goat farming is an important sector of the agricultural industry in Greece, with an annual total milk production exceeding 450 000 l and accounting for over 25% of all goat milk produced in the European Union; this milk is used mainly for cheese production. Despite the importance of goat milk for the agricultural sector in Greece, no systematic countrywide investigations in the bulk-tank milk of goats in Greece have been reported. Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in raw bulk-tank milk of goat herds in Greece, study factors influencing SCC and TBC therein and evaluate their possible associations with milk content. Throughout Greece, 119 dairy goat herds were visited for milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC and TBC were 0.838 × 106 cells ml−1 and 581 × 103 cfu ml−1, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed annual frequency of check-ups of milking system and total milk quantity per goat (among 53 variables) to be significant for increased SCC; no factor emerged (among 58 variables) to be significant for increased TBC. Negative correlation of SCC with total protein was found; mean total protein content in the bulk-tank milk in herds with SCC >0.75 × 106 cells ml−1 was 5.1% lower and in herds with SCC >1.5 × 106 cells ml−1, it was 7.8% lower.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Corporate Dividend Policy
Authors: Cejnek Georg , Randl Otto , Zechner Josef 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article shows that, for major equity markets, the proportion of index values attributable to the first 5 years of dividends dropped substantially in the first quarter of 2020 and that this drop was not reversed by the end of the year. In the cross section, this breakdown of dividend smoothing due to COVID-19 was less severe for firms with higher operating cash flows and more positively coskewed stock returns, and it was more pronounced for those with higher leverage and in the financial sector. Heavy dividend cutters also experienced a substantial increase in exposure to systematic risk.