bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the pre-natal period a missed opportunity for communicating with parents about immunizations? Evidence from a longitudinal qualitative study in Victoria, British Columbia
Authors: Rubincam Clara , Greyson Devon , Haselden Constance , Saunders Robin , Bettinger Julie A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Growing evidence shows that many parents begin the decision-making process about infant vaccination during pregnancy and these decisions – once established – may be resistant to change. Despite this, many interventions targeting vaccination are focused on communicating with parents after their baby is born. This suggests that the prenatal period may constitute a missed opportunity for communicating with expectant parents about infant vaccination.Methods Using a longitudinal qualitative design, we conducted two interviews (prepartum and postpartum) with women (n = 19) to explore the optimal timing of vaccination information. The data were analyzed thematically, and examined across all sets of pre- and post-partum interviews as well as within each individual participant to draw out salient themes.Results Most participants formed their intentions to vaccinate before the baby was born and indicated that they would welcome information about vaccination from their maternity care providers. However, few individuals recalled their maternity care providers initiating vaccination-related conversations with them.Conclusion The prenatal period is an important time to begin conversations with expectant parents about vaccinating their infants, particularly if these conversations are initiated by trusted maternity care providers. More information is needed on how maternity care providers can be better supported to have these conversations with their patients.
Probing the carbon emissions in 30 regions of China based on symbolic regression and Tapio decoupling
Authors: Liu Haiying , zhang zhiqun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Against the background of energy shortages and severe air pollution, countries around the world are aware of the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction; China is actively achieving emissions reduction targets. In this study, we use a symbolic regression to classify China's regions according to the degree of influencing factors, and calculate and analyze the inherent decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in each region. Based on our results, we divided the 30 regions of the country into six categories according to the main influencing factors: GDP (13 regions), energy intensity (EI; 7 regions), industrial structure (IS; 3 regions), urbanization rate (UR; 3 regions), car ownership (CO; 2 regions), and household consumption level (HCL; 2 regions). Then, according to the order of the average carbon emissions in each region from high to low, these regions were further categorized as type-EI, type-UR, type-GDP, type-IS, type-CO, or type-HCL regions. The decoupling index of each region showed a downward trend; EI and GDP regions were the most notable contributors to emissions, based on which we provide policy recommendations.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Piperacillin–tazobactam&nbsp;Against Burkholderia Pseudomallei&nbsp;in Vitro
Authors: Huang Mei hui , Wu Hua , Zhou Xiao jun , Cao Qin fang , Wang Xu ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective:Melioidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Because B. pseudomallei is naturally resistant to a variety of antibiotics, such as penicillin, ampicillin, first-and second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, streptomycin, polymyxin, etc., the selection of drugs is limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against B. pseudomallei in vitro to provide a theoretical basis and a variety of therapeutic options for clinical application.The antimicrobial susceptibilities of all B. pseudomallei isolated from melioidosis patients were detected by Etest method. Results: The MIC50 values of piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, doxycycline, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime, tetracycline, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were 0.25 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Their MIC90 values were 0.5 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, and 4 μg/ml, respectively. All the isolates were uniformly sensitive (100%) to ceftazidime, imipenem and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. The rate of antimicrobial sensitivity for doxycycline was 99.08%, for tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole 94.50%, and for tetracycline 94.49%.Both the MIC50 and MIC90 values of piperacillin/tazobactam were lower than those of the seven other antibiotics, indicating that it has strong antibacterial activity against B. pseudomallei in vitro.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of the gelatinous layer in tension wood of Salix varieties as a measure of accessible cellulose for biofuels
Authors: Gao Jie , Jebrane Mohamed , Terziev Nasko , Daniel Geoffrey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Salix (willow) species represent an important source of bioenergy and offer great potential for producing biofuels. Salix spp. like many hardwoods, produce tension wood (TW) characterized by special fibres (G-fibres) that produce a cellulose-rich lignin-free gelatinous (G) layer on the inner fibre cell wall. Presence of increased amounts of TW and G-fibres represents an increase source of cellulose. In the presence study, the presence of TW in whole stems of different Salix varieties was characterized (i.e. physical measurements, histochemistry, image analysis, and microscopy) as a possible marker for the availability of freely available cellulose and potential for releasing D-glucose. Stem cross-sections from different Salix varieties (Tora, Björn) were characterized for TW, and subjected to cellulase hydrolysis with the free D-glucose produced determined using a glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOPOD) assay. Effect of cellulase on the cross-sections and progressive hydrolysis of the G-layer was followed using light microscopy after staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results allowed correlation between % TW in cross-sections and entire Salix stems with D-glucose production from digested G-layers.
Results

Tension wood fibres with G-layers were developed multilaterally in all stems studied. Salix TW from varieties Tora and Björn showed fibre G-layers were non-lignified with variable in thickness. Results showed: i) Differences in total % TW at different stem heights; ii) that by using a 3-day incubation period at 50 oC, the G-layers could be hydrolyzed with no apparent ultrastructural effects on lignified secondary cell wall layers and middle lamellae of other cell elements; iii) that by correlating the amount of D-glucose produced from cross-sections at different stem heights together with total % TW and density, an estimate of the total free D-glucose in stems can be derived and compared between varieties. These values were used together with a literature value (45 %) for estimating the contribution played by G-layer cellulose to the total cellulose content.
Conclusions

The stem section-enzyme method developed provides a viable approach to compare different Salix varieties ability to produce TW and thus freely available D-glucose for fermentation and biofuel production. The use of Salix stem cross-sections rather than comminuted biomass allows direct correlation between tissue- and cell types with D-glucose release. Results further emphasize the importance of TW and G-fibre cellulose as an important marker for enhanced D-glucose release in Salix varieties.
A cost analysis of options for schistosomiasis control MDA programs targeting children aged five years and below in uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South
Authors: Ncube Mhlengi Vella , Chimbari Moses John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis negatively impacts early childhood development. Inclusion of children aged five years and below in mass drug administration (MDA) programs for controlling schistosomiasis could improve early childhood development in communities where the disease is endemic. We estimated the projected cost of implementing a schistosomiasis control MDA program for children aged five years and below in the uMkhanyakude district of South Africa.Method We calculated the cost of implementing a schistosomiasis MDA program targeting children aged five years and below using an economies of scaled based cost function. We further compared different labor composition simulations to determine the most affordable and available human resources to implement the program. We also explored programs to which the MDA program could be integrated; and estimated what the costs for would be. Moreover, we simulated cost-effectiveness and determined the cost drivers for each simulation considered.Results A ward-based outreach team (WBOT) for implementing a schistosomiasis MDA program targeting children 5 years old and below was the best labor composition option. The simulations conducted indicated that treating children in batches of 2500 using the WBOT team approach could reduce the cost of treatment by 53% compared to treating the children on batches of 500. Integrating a schistosomiasis MDA targeting children aged 5 years and below with the immunization program was estimated to cost 3% less than integration with the deworming and Vitamin A supplementation program indicating that the former option is more cost-effective. Praziquantel, the drug that is used to treat schistosomiasis contributed over 30% of the total cost for the program.Conclusion. We estimated that between US$6,5 million and US$ 7,5 million would be needed to implement a cost effective MDA program targeting children 5 years old and blow over 3 years in uMkhanyakude district.
An OLE Centred Production Line Maintenance Prioritisation: Guided by the Criticalities of the Specific Characteristics of Equipment Operational Reliability
Authors: Yang Zhaojun , Li Jieli , Chen Chuanhai , He Jialong , Tian Hailong , Yu Lijuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Maintenance task prioritisation is essential for production system, especially when available resources are limited. Related studies take either system safety or productivity as the objective of system maintenance prioritisation. While since improper system maintenance can make bad equipment cooperation thus induce unstable manufacturing process and big equipment operation time loss, system process ability is also necessary to be improved in production line maintenance. Therefore, the overall line efficiency (OLE) which comprehensively evaluates production line productivity and process ability is adopted as the objective to develop maintenance prioritisation in this study. Specifically, an OLE centred maintenance prioritisation policy which assigns priorities according to the influences of the specific characteristics of equipment operational reliability on OLE is proposed: To correctly allocate limited maintenance resources to truly critical equipment and achieve good maintenance effect, equipment influences on OLE are analysed from the level of the specific performances of their operational reliability: equipment mean time between stops (mtbs), mean time to resume from stops (mttr) and buffer size N. Considering the interactions between these parameters, a surrogate modelextended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (SM-EFAST) process is integrated to accurately and rapidly analyse the total effects of them on OLE. In the end, an application case adopting the proposed OLE centred maintenance prioritisation method achieved higher OLE and lower total maintenance cost than two current popular maintenance prioritisation methods.
The effect of a multimodal comprehensive care methodology for family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Honda Miwako 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Caregivers experience social, physical and psychological burdens in caring for people with dementia. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme for the family caregivers of people with dementia.Methods: This research was a pre-post prospective study. A total of 148 family caregivers of people with dementia participated in a multimodal comprehensive care methodology training programme for six hours (three times for two hours) in three months, which was followed by weekly delivery of information via postcard. The care burden of the caregivers was evaluated by the Japanese short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J-ZBI) before the training, one month post-training and three months post-training (primary outcome). Each caregiver assessed the symptoms of the people with dementia for whom they provided care with the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (Behave-AD) (secondary outcome).Results: A total of 117 family caregivers (79%) were assessed three months after training. Over the course of the programme, the care burden significantly decreased from pre-training to three months post-training (P<0.001). The mean care burden scores before, one month after, and three months after the intervention were 13.3, 10.9 and 10.6, respectively. The mean Behave-AD score of 101 people with dementia (68%) three months post-training was lower than that at pre-training, but the difference was not statistically significant (from 13.6 to 11.8, P=0.005).Conclusions: The multimodal comprehensive care methodology training was associated with a reduction in the care burden of family caregivers. These findings suggest that randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000043245. Registered 4 February 2021 – Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049032
An online GPCR structure analysis platform
Authors: Gloriam David , Kooistra Albert , Munk Christian , Hauser Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present an online, interactive platform for comparative analysis of all available G protein-coupled receptor structures while correlating to functional data. The comprehensive platform encompasses structure similarity, secondary structure, protein backbone packing and movement, residue-residue contact networks, amino acid properties and prospective design of experimental mutagenesis studies. This lets any researcher tap the potential of sophisticated structural analyses enabling a plethora of basic and applied research studies.
Use of dual priming oligonucleotide system-based multiplex RT-PCR assay to detect five diarrhea viruses in pig herds in South China
Authors: Si Guangbin , Niu Jiawei , Zhou Xia , Xie Yongsheng , Chen Zhifei , Li Gen , Chen Ruiai , He Dongsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a specific and simple method based on the dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) system was developed to simultaneously detect transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine rotavirus A (PRV-A), porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), associated with the major enteric RNA viruses in pigs. The multiplex RT-PCR method based on the DPO system simplified the primer design and did not require optimization of the annealing temperature. Specificity analysis revealed that the method could specifically detect TGEV, PEDV, PRV-A, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV without any cross-amplification of other circulating swine viruses. The limit of detection of the method was as low as 103–104 copies/μL plasmid of each virus. The method also had good repeatability, and obvious results were seen in three repeat experiments with an interval of 45 days. This optimized multiplex RT-PCR method was used to evaluate 181 clinical swine samples that were collected from four provinces of China between September 2016 and August 2018. The results showed that the positive detection rates of PEDV, PDCoV, SADS-CoV, PRV-A, and TGEV were 30.94% (56/181), 17.67% (32/181), 11.6% (21/181), 9.39% (17/181), and 0.55% (1/181), respectively. Mixed infection of two or more viruses was also common. The DPO system-based multiplex RT-PCR could be a useful tool for detecting enteric virus infections. This method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, high detection efficiency, and short running time for early diagnosis in clinical cases.
Gut microbiota changes in pre-eclampsia, abnormal placental growth and healthy pregnant women
Authors: Huang Lihui , Cai Min , Li Li , Zhang Xin , Xu Yang , Liu Jinyang , Huang Qian , Luo Guijuan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Jin Cuiyuan , Jin Yuanxiang , He Jun , Yang Weitao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a condition of high blood pressure which usually concurrent with proteinuria in pregnancy. PE complicate the management of both maternal and fetal health and contribute the most of adverse pregnancy outcome, but the mechanism underlying the development of PE remains unclear. In this study, we performed a case-control study to compare the gut microbiota of PE, abnormal placental growth (APG) and health pregnant women and analyzed the potential pathogenic role of gut microbiota in PE progression. Although the clinical pathophysiological state did not affect the bacterial diversity, the compositions of the gut microbiota were significant altered in both PE and APG groups when compared with health pregnant woman. At phylum level, TM7 was significantly increased in woman with APG and, although with no significance, the percentage of Proteobacteria were extended especially in patient with PE. Heterogeneity was observed at genus level, especially in the genus with positive LDA scores suggested the stage-dependent manner effort of gut microbiota to the development of PE. The beneficial bacteria lactobacillus was markedly depleted in PE and APG group but only correlated with blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria levels in PE group and, different lactobacillus species shown different contributions (otu255 and otu784 were significant related to PE and APG separately). Our results indicated that shifts in the gut microbiota might occur from the early stages of the development of PE, which is of possible etiological and therapeutic importance.
Sanziguben Polysaccharides Inhibit Diabetic Nephropathy Through NF-κB-Mediated Anti-Inflammation
Authors: Zhou Kang , zhang jianing , Liu Chang , Ou Lijuan , Wang Fan , Yu Yang , wang yumei , Bai Shasha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Sanziguben polysaccharides (SZP) are large amounts of classical Chinese medicines from Sanziguben (SZGB). Moreover, SZGB is a widely applied compound prescription for diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment.
Methods

The high-fat diet plus streptozotocin injections were used to replicate the DN models in male C57BL/6 mice. DN mice were divided into five groups: DN mice, DN mice treated with SZP(1.01 or 2.02g/kg), DN mice treated with SZGB decoction(4.7g/kg), and DN mice treated with metformin (300 mg/kg). HG and LPS plus TNFα stimulated human tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells to establish an in vitro model and treated with SZP (100 or 200 µg/mL).
Results

SZP was found to comprise sugar, protein, and uronic acid. Furthermore, SZP alleviated the progression of inflammation in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.
Conclusions

NF-κB plays a critical role in the development of DN induced by STZ and HG. Furthermore, SZP can attenuate the NF-κB-mediated progression of DN, which could be explored further for developing a new novel choice for the prevention and treatment of DN.
Female Sexual Function in Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yarjanli Mahsa , Sadatmahalleh shahideh Jahanian , Mirzaei Negin , Azarbajani Khadijeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) coexisting mood disorders along with a combination of aesthetic manifestations may have a detrimental effect on women's sexual function. Hence, different phenotypes of PCOS have different clinical and biochemical signs and symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare women's sexual function (SF) in different phenotypes of PCOS.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 women who met the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria to compare different PCOS phenotypes (A=95, B=78, C=95, and D=95). All patients were invited to fill out the female sexual function index (FSFI).Results: Significant differences were observed between the different phenotypes in terms of total score, sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, and satisfaction (P<0.001); however, no significant differences were found between them in the terms of pain (P>0.05) and orgasm (P>0.05). In addition, phenotype B had the lowest mean score of total FSFI (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated that women's SF is significantly different in different PCOS phenotypes. It is concluded that in order to solve the SF problems of women with PCOS, different treatment and care measures should be considered according to the relevant phenotype.
Preparation, characterization and application of the nanocomposite PCL-PEG-PCL / Bentonite-TBHSA to the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye: Adsorption, Kinetics, and Isotherm studies
Authors: Draoua Zohra , Harrane Amine , Adjdir Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of amphiphilic PCL-PEG-PCL/Bentonite-TBHSA (A2). The prepared of A2 nanocomposite was prepared from Algerian Bentonite modified by the intercalation of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBHSA) (A1), were characterized by different techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), (TEM),(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA ). The removal efficiency of of methylene blue, from aqueous solutions. The effects of the initial pH of a solution, contact time, and nanocomposite mass on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. Pseudo-first/second-order isotherms were applied to determine the efficiency of nanocomposite solid. The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model for MB dye adsorption. The mass of nanocomposite increased, the adsorption capacity of dye increases to reach an optimal value at 0.13 g of adsorbent in pH = 6.8. The Langmuir isotherm exhibited the best fit, with an adsorption capacity equal to 600 mg/g .