bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of temperature and population density ofMyzus persicae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)on consumption byHarmonia conformis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Holloway Joanne C , Barton Madeleine , Wood Rachel , Parry Hazel R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe green peach aphidMyzus persicaeis a major pest of many crops around the world, causing direct damage and acting as a vector for several viruses. This species has developed resistance to several insecticides, resulting in a greater emphasis on nonchemical methods of control. The aphidophagous ladybird,Harmonia conformis, is one of several species to predate on this pest.H. conformisis native to Australia, but has been exported to New Zealand, the USA and Europe as a biological control agent for horticultural pests and has now become established in several regions. Despite these introductions, the ability ofH. conformisto predate onM. persicaehas not yet been quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the potential success of this natural enemy and its functional response over a range of temperatures.RESULTSH. conformisdisplayed a Type II response over all temperatures assessed. The peak temperature for voracity was 32 °C, with a potential maximum daily predation rate of 204 aphids. Consumption of aphids byH. conformison canola plants within a glasshouse was less than predicted from the laboratory‐generated models. However, consumption increased significantly with increasing density ofM. persicae.CONCLUSIONH. conformiscan contribute markedly to aphid suppression and could be incorporated into integrated pest management systems which rely on natural enemies, particularly during spring when temperatures increase above 25 °C. Furthermore, it would also be an ideal candidate for augmentative releases. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A unified view of graph regularity via matrix decompositions
Authors: Bodwin Greg , Vempala Santosh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe give a unified proof of algorithmic weak and Szemerédi regularity lemmas for several well‐studied classes of sparse graphs, for which only weak regularity lemmas were previously known. These include core‐dense graphs, low threshold rank graphs, and (a version of)upper regular graphs. More precisely, we definecut pseudorandom graphs, we prove our regularity lemmas for these graphs, and then we show that cut pseudorandomness captures all of the above graph classes as special cases. The core of our approach is an abstracted matrix decomposition, which can be computed by a simple algorithm by Charikar. Using work of Oveis Gharan and Trevisan, it also implies new PTASes for MAX‐CUT, MAX‐BISECTION, MIN‐BISECTION for a significantly expanded class of input graphs. (It is NP Hard to get PTASes for these graphs in general.)
Impact of name change and gender marker correction on identity documents to structural factors and harassment among transgender and gender diverse people in Texas
Authors: Loza Oralia , Beltran Oscar , Perez Adri , Green Jamison 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study explores associations between name change and gender marker correction (NCGMC) on identity documents (IDs) with structural factors and harassment. Among 1301 transgender and gender diverse participants in the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey in Texas, only 22% reported NCGMC on all or some of their IDs. Adjusted odds show that many participants who have NCGMC in all or some of their IDs reported having been fired at some point in their lives due to transgender identity or were denied services/benefits when self‐identified gender did not match documents. Having NCGMC was associated with lower odds of harassment in public settings, fewer housing‐related issues due to gender identity, being treated with more respect by doctors/health care providers, and feeling more comfortable asking police for help. Despite many positive outcomes, having NCGMC was associated with higher odds of health care providers asking intrusive questions and struggling with insurance coverage for gender‐affirming care.
Carboniferous horseshoe crab musculature suggests anatomical conservatism within Xiphosurida
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Tashman Jessica N. , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Paterson John R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn exceptionally preserved specimen of the horseshoe crab Euproops danae (Xiphosurida, Belinurina) in a siderite concretion from the Carboniferous (Upper Pennsylvanian, Virgilian) Lawrence Formation, Kansas, shows anatomical details of the prosomal musculature. The extrinsic appendicular muscles are comparable to those of Limulus polyphemus (the modern American horseshoe crab), demonstrating anatomical conservatism within Xiphosurida that spans two morphologically disparate subgroups, Belinurina and Limulina. The three‐dimensional preservation of muscles highlights how siderite concretion fossils (including those of the Mazon Creek Konservat‐Lagerstätte) have better preservational fidelity than previously realized and the potential to reveal new anatomical information, especially with regard to the labile tissues of euarthropods.
Orotic acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica under conditions of limited pyrimidine
Authors: Swietalski Paul , Hetzel Frank , Klaiber Iris , Pross Eva , Seitl Ines , Fischer Lutz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrotic acid (OA) is an intermediate of the pyrimidine biosynthesis with high industrial relevance due to its use as precursor for production of biochemical pyrimidines or its use as carrier molecule in drug formulations. It can be produced by fermentation of microorganisms with engineered pyrimidine metabolism. In this study, we surprisingly discovered the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a powerful producer of OA. The overproduction of OA in the Y. lipolytica strain PO1f was found to be caused by the deletion of the URA3 gene which prevents the irreversible decarboxylation of OA to uridine monophosphate. It was shown that the lack of orotidine‐5′‐phosphate decarboxylase was the reason for the accumulation of OA inside the cell since a rescue mutant of the URA3 deletion in Y. lipolytica PO1f completely prevented the OA secretion into the medium. In addition, pyrimidine limitation in the cell massively enhanced the OA accumulation followed by secretion due to intense overflow metabolism during bioreactor cultivations. Accordingly, supplementation of the medium with 200 mg/L uracil drastically decreased the OA overproduction by 91%. OA productivity was further enhanced in fed‐batch cultivation with glucose and ammonium sulfate feed to a maximal yield of 9.62 ± 0.21 g/L. Y. lipolytica is one of three OA overproducing yeasts described in the literature so far, and in this study, the highest productivity was shown. This work demonstrates the potential of Y. lipolytica as a possible production organism for OA and provides a basis for further metabolic pathway engineering to optimize OA productivity.
Creeping flow of couple stress fluid past a fluid sphere with a solid core
Authors: Krishnan Ramalakshmi , Shukla Pankaj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe steady axisymmetric uniform flow of an incompressible couple stress fluid past a fluid sphere with a solid core has been studied analytically. No‐slip boundary condition and vanishing couple stress condition are applied on the surface of the sphere. The problem is formulated using the V. K. Stokes equation describing the flow outside the fluid sphere as well as the flow inside the fluid sphere. The stream function solution for the axisymmetric motion and pressure distribution for both regions are solved explicitly. The stresses acting on the fluid sphere are estimated and the drag force experienced by a fluid sphere is determined. Numerical study is undertaken to study the effect of couple stress parameter and viscosity coefficients on the drag and the results are presented in graphical forms. The results reveal that drag force, pressure and velocity of the fluid decreases in the presence of couple stresses. Some special cases of flow past a fluid sphere have been validated with earlier well‐known cases.
Sexuelle Gesundheitsinformationen in sozialen Medien: Ein systematisches Scoping Review
Authors: Döring Nicola , Conde Melisa 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundInformationen zur sexuellen und reproduktiven Gesundheit werden zunehmend auch über soziale Medien verbreitet und erreichen dort ein großes Publikum.Ziel der ArbeitVor diesem Hintergrund ist es Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags, den internationalen Forschungsstand zu sexuellen Gesundheitsinformationen in sozialen Medien erstmals systematisch mit einem Scoping Review aufzuarbeiten. Es sollen 7 Forschungsfragen beantwortet werden, die sich auf den Umfang (F1), die Methoden (F2: Inhaltsanalyse, F3: Qualitätsanalyse) sowie die Ergebnisse (F4: Anbieter, F5: Zielgruppen, F6: Themen, F7: Qualität der Informationen) bisheriger Studien beziehen.Material und MethodenDie Untersuchung folgt dem PRISMA-Framework für Scoping Reviews sowie dem Open-Science-Ansatz: Sie ist präregistriert und alle Materialien (Codebuch mit Reliabilitätskoeffizienten) und Daten (Liste der identifizierten Studien, Codierung der Studien) stehen auf dem Server der Open Science Foundation zur Verfügung.ErgebnisseEs konnten insgesamt 69 Studien mit 72 Datensätzen identifiziert werden, wobei sich mehr als die Hälfte der Publikationen auf YouTube bezieht (F1). Qualitative und quantitative Methoden der Inhaltsanalyse kommen gleichermaßen zum Einsatz (F2), Qualitätsanalysen sind rar (F3). Bei den Anbietern dominieren Gesundheitslaien (F4). Die Zielgruppen sind meist unspezifiziert (F5). Die in den vorliegenden Studien untersuchten Gesundheitsinformationen in sozialen Medien behandeln ein breites Themenspektrum (F6). Sofern Qualitätseinschätzungen vorgenommen wurden, fielen diese eher negativ aus (F7).DiskussionMehr Forschung ist notwendig, um sexuelle und reproduktive Gesundheitsinformationen in sozialen Medien besser zu verstehen und um ihre Qualität und konstruktive Nutzung zu fördern.
Validierung und Reliabilitätsprüfung des Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire in deutscher Sprache
Authors: Plath Michaela , Sand Matthias , van de Weyer Philipp S. , Baierl Kilian , Praetorius Mark , Plinkert Peter K. , Baumann Ingo , Zaoui Karim 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) ist ein krankheitsspezifischer Fragebogen zur Erhebung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität von Patienten vor und nach Cochleaimplantation.

Ziel der Arbeit
Validierung und Reliabilitätsprüfung der deutschen Übersetzung des NCIQ.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine prospektive Studie an 100 postlingual ertaubten oder hochgradig schwerhörigen Patienten durchgeführt, welche präoperativ sowie 3 und 6 Monate nach einer Cochleaimplantation mittels NCIQ, Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) und Hearing Participation Scale (HPS) untersucht wurden. Als Kontrolle fungierte ein postlingual ertaubtes oder hochgradig schwerhöriges, unbehandeltes Patientenkollektiv (n = 54). Cronbach‑α und Test-Retest-Reliabilität dienten der Reliabilitätsüberprüfung. Es wurde auf Inhalts‑, Übereinstimmungs- und auf diskriminative Validität getestet. Die Konstruktvaliditätsprüfung basiert auf kürzlich veröffentlichen Daten. Als Gütekriterien wurden die Sensitivität und eine ROC(„Receiver Operating Characteristic“)-Analyse, inklusive AUC(„Area Under the ROC Curve“)-Betrachtung, eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse
Das Test-Retesting ergab nach 3 und 6 Monaten postoperativ stabile NCIQ-Werte. Die Cronbach-α-Werte wiesen auf eine gute interne Konsistenz hin. Der NCIQ diskriminierte valide zwischen behandelten und unbehandelten Patientengruppen. Es ergaben sich statistisch signifikante, wenn auch schwache, Korrelationen zwischen dem NCIQ und dem APHAB (r = −0,22; p = 0,04) und dem HPS (r = 0,30; p = 0,01). Sensitivitäts- und ROC-Analysen zeigten eine gute Messqualität des deutschsprachigen NCIQ.

Schlussfolgerung
Die deutsche Übersetzung des NCIQ misst zuverlässig und valide die Lebensqualität vor und nach Cochleaimplantation und kann zur klinischen Erfolgskontrolle nach Cochleaimplantationen verwendet werden.
Die Zertifizierung von Zentren für Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Groß Martin , Pohl Marcus , Platz Thomas , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Zertifizierung von Zentren für Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) ist ab dem 01.10.2021 möglich. Die Zertifizierungskriterien beschreiben ein Anforderungsprofil, das für eine fachgerechte und qualitätsgesicherte Versorgung von Beatmungspatienten in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation (NNFR) steht. Das Zertifikat berücksichtigt die strukturellen Unterschiede der in der NNFR tätigen Einrichtungen und kann sowohl durch Facheinrichtungen als auch durch Frührehabilitationsabteilungen an Akutkrankenhäusern erworben werden. Die Durchführung der Zertifizierung erfolgt analog zur Zertifizierung von Stroke-Units der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit dem TÜV Rheinland. Zunächst sendet die Einrichtung den Erhebungsbogen an den TÜV Rheinland. Anschließend erfolgt die Begehung durch einen vom TÜV Rheinland gestellten leitenden Auditor und einen Fachauditor der DGNR. Deren Bericht wird dem Zertifizierungsausschuss der DGNR vorgelegt zur Erteilung einer Empfehlung oder Ablehnung der Zertifizierung. Die Zertifizierung schafft objektive Kriterien, die die Rolle der Neurologie in der Beatmungsmedizin in Deutschland beschreiben. So erleichtert sie den Dialog mit anderen beatmungsmedizinischen Disziplinen und ebnet den Weg für die Diskussion mit Politikern, Kostenträgern und nicht zuletzt Betroffenenverbänden über Behandlungsinhalte und -kapazitäten.
Energy Minimisers with Prescribed Jacobian
Authors: Guerra André , Koch Lukas , Lindberg Sauli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the class of planar maps with Jacobian prescribed to be a fixed radially symmetric functionfand which, moreover, fixes the boundary of a ball; we then study maps which minimise the 2p-Dirichlet energy in this class. We find a quantity$$\lambda [f]$$λ[f]which controls the symmetry, uniqueness and regularity of minimisers: if$$\lambda [f]\le 1$$λ[f]≤1then minimisers are symmetric and unique; if$$\lambda [f]$$λ[f]is large but finite then there may be uncountably many minimisers, none of which is symmetric, although all of them have optimal regularity; if$$\lambda [f]$$λ[f]is infinite then generically minimisers have lower regularity. In particular, this result gives a negative answer to a question of Hélein (Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 11(3):275–296, 1994). Some of our results also extend to the setting where the ball is replaced by$${\mathbb {R}}^2$$R2and boundary conditions are not prescribed.
Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives
Authors: Nadig Vanessa , Herrmann Ken , Mottaghy Felix M. , Schulz Volkmar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose Since the 1990s, PET has been successfully combined with MR or CT systems. In the past years, especially PET systems have seen a trend towards an enlarged axial field of view (FOV), up to a factor of ten. Methods Conducting a thorough literature research, we summarize the status quo of contemporary total-body (TB) PET/CT scanners and give an outlook on possible future developments. Results Currently, three human TB PET/CT systems have been developed: The PennPET Explorer, the uExplorer, and the Biograph Vision Quadra realize aFOVs between 1 and 2 m and show a tremendous increase in system sensitivity related to their longer gantries. Conclusion The increased system sensitivity paves the way for short-term, low-dose, and dynamic TB imaging as well as new examination methods in almost all areas of imaging.
Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on infarct size and remodelling in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI CMR substudy
Authors: Francis Rohin , Chong Jun , Ramlall Manish , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Clayton Tim , Dodd Matthew , Engstrøm Thomas , Evans Richard , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Fontana Marianna , Greenwood John P. , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Kim Won Yong , Kotecha Tushar , Lønborg Jacob T. , Mathur Anthony , Møller Ulla Kristine , Moon James , Perkins Alexander , Rakhit Roby D. , Yellon Derek M. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Bulluck Heerajnarain , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe
effect of limb remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) on myocardial infarct (MI) size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was investigated in a pre-planned cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) substudy of the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial. This single-blind multi-centre trial (7 sites in UK and Denmark) included 169 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who were already randomised to either control (n = 89) or limb RIC (n = 80) (4 × 5 min cycles of arm cuff inflations/deflations) prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention. CMR was performed acutely and at 6 months. The primary endpoint was MI size on the 6 month CMR scan, expressed as median and interquartile range. In 110 patients with 6-month CMR data, limb RIC did not reduce MI size [RIC: 13.0 (5.1–17.1)% of LV mass; control: 11.1 (7.0–17.8)% of LV mass, P = 0.39], or LVEF, when compared to control. In 162 patients with acute CMR data, limb RIC had no effect on acute MI size, microvascular obstruction and LVEF when compared to control. In a subgroup of anterior STEMI patients, RIC was associated with lower incidence of microvascular obstruction and higher LVEF on the acute scan when compared with control, but this was not associated with an improvement in LVEF at 6 months. In summary, in this pre-planned CMR substudy of the CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial, there was no evidence that limb RIC reduced MI size or improved LVEF at 6 months by CMR, findings which are consistent with the neutral effects of limb RIC on clinical outcomes reported in the main CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial.
Cardiomyocyte Na+ and Ca2+ mishandling drives vicious cycle involving CaMKII, ROS, and ryanodine receptors
Authors: Hegyi Bence , Pölönen Risto-Pekka , Hellgren Kim T. , Ko Christopher Y. , Ginsburg Kenneth S. , Bossuyt Julie , Mercola Mark , Bers Donald M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCardiomyocyte Na+ and Ca2+ mishandling, upregulated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are characteristics of various heart diseases, including heart failure (HF), long QT (LQT) syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). These changes may form a vicious cycle of positive feedback to promote cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. In HF rabbit cardiomyocytes investigated in this study, the inhibition of CaMKII, late Na+ current (INaL), and leaky ryanodine receptors (RyRs) all attenuated the prolongation and increased short-term variability (STV) of action potential duration (APD), but in age-matched controls these inhibitors had no or minimal effects. In control cardiomyocytes, we enhanced RyR leak (by low [caffeine] plus isoproterenol mimicking CPVT) which markedly increased STV and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). These proarrhythmic changes were significantly attenuated by both CaMKII inhibition and mitochondrial ROS scavenging, with a slight synergy with INaL inhibition. Inducing LQT by elevating INaL (by Anemone toxin II, ATX-II) caused markedly prolonged APD, increased STV, and early afterdepolarizations (EADs). Those proarrhythmic ATX-II effects were largely attenuated by mitochondrial ROS scavenging, and partially reduced by inhibition of CaMKII and pathological leaky RyRs using dantrolene. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) bearing LQT3 mutation SCN5A N406K, dantrolene significantly attenuated cell arrhythmias and APD prolongation. Targeting critical components of the Na+–Ca2+–CaMKII–ROS–INaL arrhythmogenic vicious cycle may exhibit important on-target and also trans-target effects (e.g., INaL and RyR inhibition can alter INaL-mediated LQT3 effects). Incorporating this vicious cycle into therapeutic strategies provides novel integrated insight for treating cardiac arrhythmias and diseases.
Inspection of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers: 3D identification and quantification of components by X-ray CT
Authors: Dilonardo E. , Nacucchi M. , De Pascalis F. , Zarrelli M. , Giannini C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this reported research activity, a quantitatively 3D characterization at microscale of a CFRP reference composite with controlled porosity was performed by micro X-ray CT (µXCT); the results were compared with the destructive acid digestion analyses, following the procedure reported in the standard test method (ASTM D 3171 15) used to determine the composites’ porosity in General Aviation (GA). The μXCT analyses revealed a pore content of 4.37%v and identified the components, respectively, in 66%w of carbon fibres and 34%w of matrix; all obtained results demonstrated a high correspondence to the theoretical values of porosity (5.0%v) and components (67%w of carbon fibre and 33%w of polymer matrix). Instead, a not complete correspondence of the measures obtained by acid digestion was reported: 4.36%v of porosity, but 57%w of carbon fibre and 43%w of matrix. Therefore, the conformity of the μXCT results to the theoretical values demonstrated the feasibility and distinctiveness of the proposed NDT method for a rapid and reliable inspection of CRFP components used in GA in substitution of the standard DT and time-consuming digestion procedure. The proposed NDT inspection technique permitted not only the individuation and visualization in the reconstruction of the 3D analysed material of different components (e.g. pores, carbon fibres and polymer matrix) but also the 3D evaluation of the material composition with the identification and quantification of each constituent element.
Graphical abstract
E. Dilonardo*, M. Nacucchi, F. De Pascalis, M. Zarrelli, and C. Giannini
Inspection of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers: 3D identification and quantification of components by X-ray CT
Periodic breathing in patients with stable obstructive sleep apnea on long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a retrospective study using CPAP remote monitoring data
Authors: Saito Kimimasa , Takamatsu Yoko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of periodic breathing (PB) and factors associated with the emergence or persistence of PB in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remote monitoring data.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study on 775 patients who had used the same model CPAP machine for at least 1 year as of September 1, 2020. The data were analyzed online using the dedicated analysis system. Using exporter software, average apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), average central apnea index (CAI), and average the rate of PB time (PB%) were cited.

Results
Among 618 patients analyzed (age 61.7 ± 12.2 years, male 89%, BMI 27.2 ± 4.9), the average duration of CPAP use was 7.5 ± 4.0 years. The median PB% in stable patients was low at 0.32%, and only 149 patients (24%) had a PB% above 1%. Multiple regression analysis of factors for the development of PB showed that the most important factor was atrial fibrillation (Af) with a coefficient of 0.693 (95% CI; 0.536 to 0.851), followed by QRS duration with a coefficient of 0.445 (95% CI; 0.304 to 0.586), followed by history of heart failure, male sex, comorbid hypertension, obesity, and age. The average PB% for paroxysmal Af was significantly lower than that for persistent and permanent Af.

Conclusions
The median PB% in stable patients on CPAP treatment was low at 0.32%, with only 24% of patients having PB% ≥ 1%. Persistent Af and an increase in QRS duration were found to be important predictors of increased PB%.

Clinical trial registration
UMIN000042555 2021/01/01.