bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Findings from the Patch Augmented Rotator Cuff Surgery (PARCS) Feasibility Study
Authors: Cook Jonathan Alistair , Baldwin Mathew , Cooper Cushla , Nagra Navraj S. , Crocker Joanna C. , Glaze Molly , Greenall Gemma , Rangan Amar , Kottam Lucksy , Rees Jonathan L. , Farrar-Hockley Dair , Merritt Naomi , Hopewell Sally , Beard David , Thomas Michael , Dritsaki Melina , Carr Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA rotator cuff tear is a common disabling shoulder problem. Symptoms include pain, weakness, lack of mobility and sleep disturbance. Many patients require surgery to repair the tear; however, there is a high failure rate. There is a pressing need to improve the outcome of rotator cuff surgery. The use of patch augmentation to provide support to the healing process and improve patient outcomes holds new promise. Different materials (e.g. human/animal skin or intestine tissue, and completely synthetic materials) and processes (e.g. woven or a mesh) have been used to produce patches. However, clinical evidence on their use is limited. The Patch Augmented Rotator Cuff Surgery (PARCS) feasibility study aimed to determine the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a patch to augment surgical repair of the rotator cuff that is both acceptable to stakeholders and feasible.MethodsA mixed methods feasibility study of a RCT. The project involved six stages: a systematic review of clinical evidence; a survey of the British Elbow and Shoulder (BESS) society’s surgical membership; a survey of surgeon trialists; focus groups and interviews with stakeholders; a two-round Delphi study administered via online questionnaires; and a two-day Consensus Meeting. ResultsThe BESS surgeons’ survey identified a variety of patches in use (105 (21%) responses received). Twenty-four surgeons (77%) completed the trialist survey relating to trial design. Four focus groups were conducted involving 24 stakeholders. Twenty-nine (67% of invited) individuals took part in the Delphi. Differing views were held on a number of aspects including the appropriate patient population for trial participation. Agreement on the key research questions and the outline of two potential RCTs were achieved through the Delphi study and the consensus meeting). ConclusionsRandomised comparisons of on-lay patch use for completed rotator cuff repairs, and bridging patch use for partial rotator cuff repairs were identified as areas for further research. The value of an observational study to assess safety concerns of patch use was also highlighted. The main limitation was that the findings were influenced by the participants, who might not necessarily reflect all stakeholders.
Stereoselective Synthesis of a 4-⍺-Glucoside of Valienamine, Inhibition, and X-Ray Structural Studies Involving a Bacterial Glycoside Hydrolase-Like Enzyme of The GH13 Family
Authors: Anshupriya Si , Jayasinghe Thilina D. , Thanvi Radhika , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are a large family of hydrolytic enzymes found in all domains of life. As such, they control a plethora of normal and pathogenic biological functions. Thus, understanding selective inhibition of GH enzymes at the atomic level can lead to the identification of new classes of therapeutics. In these studies, we identified a 4-⍺-glucoside of valienamine (8) as an inhibitor (IC50 of 484 ± 51 µM) of Streptomyces coelicolor (Sco) GlgE1-V279S which belongs to the GH13 Carbohydrate Active EnZyme (CAZy) family. The synthetic route to 8 and a closely related 4-⍺-glucoside of validamine (7) was achieved starting from readily available D-maltose. A key step in the synthesis was a chelation-controlled addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to a maltose-derived enone intermediate. X-ray structures of both 7 and 8 in complex with Sco GlgE1-V279S were solved to resolutions of 1.75 and 1.78 Å, respectively. Structural analysis revealed the valienamine derivative 8 binds the enzyme in an E2 conformation for the cyclohexene fragment. Also, the cyclohexene fragment shows a new hydrogen-bonding contact from the pseudo-diaxial C(3)-OH to the catalytic nucleophile Asp 394 at the enzyme active site. Asp 394, in fact, forms a bidentate interaction with both the C(3)-OH and C(7)-OH of the inhibitor. In contrast, compound 7 disrupts the catalytic sidechain interaction network of Sco GlgE1-V279S via steric interactions resulting in a conformation change in Asp 394. These findings will have implications for the design other aminocarbasugar-based GH13-inhibitors and will be useful for identifying more potent and selective inhibitors.
A New Reliability Allocation Method for Machine Tools Using the Intuitionistic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers and TOPSIS
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Wang Chang , Sun Dongyang , Chu Hongyan , Chang Wenfen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The reliability allocation of machine tools which is a multi-attribute decision making problem has great significance in designment of machine tools. This paper integrates the intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and performance sorting technique based on similar ideal solutions to achieve the flexible allocation of machine tools reliability. Firstly, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are employed to integrate decisions made by multiple decision makers and fuzzy information of their preferences. Then, intuitionistic trapezoid fuzzy numbers’ expectations are treated as the weights of criteria. Finally, performance sorting technique based on similar ideal solutions is used to obtain the reliability allocation weight of every subsystem. To investigate the efficacy and simplicity of the provided approach, reliability distribution in a CNC machine tool is introduced as an example to explain its specific contents. It can be concluded that the provided method is more precise and convenient by comparing the results of this approach with those obtained by analytic hierarchy process method.
Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Kaur Sanehdeep , Kaur Amarjeet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney).Results: Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p≤0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney). Conclusions: Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat), mammals (rat), suggesting it an environment friendly pest management agent.
Metabolic Changes in an Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Evaluated by [18F]-FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Giacobbo Bruno Lima , Mediavilla Tomás , Marcellino Daniel J. , Sultan Fahad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of motor function and eventual death. Genetic background account for 10% of all ALS cases and several genes are associated with the onset and progression of disease in humans. Studies in humans have observed differences in glucose uptake in the brain using [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]-FDG), however, no studies in animal models of ALS have been performed on the matter. The goal of this study was to evaluate ALS-related metabolic changes in [ 18 F]-FDG uptake within the brain of transgenic mice that express a mutated human SOD1 gene (hSOD1 G93A ). Methods: Animals were genotyped for the hSOD1 G93A mutation using PCR and divided into groups according to the presence (ALS) or absence (WT) of transgene. When transgenic ALS mice started to develop motor impairment, animals were scanned for 10 minutes using PET [ 18 F]-FDG. Gender-matched WT animals were scanned at similar ages as ALS animals. The images were coregistered to an [ 18 F]-FDG template and both the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the ratio of radioactivity of target regions to the mean radioactivity of the whole brain (TRR) were calculated for 19 volumes of interest. Results: Significant effects of genotype were observed in the overall metabolic activity assessed by both SUV and ratio-to-whole brain, in which ALS mice presented with lower metabolic activity in several regions when compared with age- and gender-matched WT mice. These changes were more pronounced in hippocampus, thalamus, and midbrain. A significant effect of gender was found in the SUV of several of the regions evaluated, although these gender-related differences were not observed after normalization to the whole-brain uptake. Conclusions: The differences in [ 18 F]-FDG uptake in the brain of ALS SOD1 animals suggest a significant metabolic impairment in several of the regions evaluated. Such differences might be due to a general hypometabolic state of the animals when compared to their WT littermates. These findings suggest a possible influence of disease in brain glucose uptake and open new possibilities for the understanding of the ALS pathophysiology using animal models, as well as a possible prognostic usage of [ 18 F]-FDG in ALS in humans.
ADHD symptoms in relation to depressive and sleep-related symptoms among university students during the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan
Authors: Takeda Toshinobu , Tsuji Yui , Akatsu Reiko , Nomura Tatsuya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated societal response are anticipated to have wide-ranging effects on youth development and mental health. The three most common mental health problems among university students are depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many factors that can threaten the mental health during the outbreak affect these three conditions as well as the sleep conditions of the undergraduate students. Thus, determining how these abrupt changes in students’ circumstances will impact their mental health is very important from a public health perspective. Objective: We investigated both usual conditions and changes during the outbreak in sleep, depression, and ADHD symptoms among undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 252 students, primarily juniors answered the online survey. Results: As a result, 12% of the students exceeded the cutoff score of the ADHD questionnaire before the pandemic and approximately 6-21 % of the students especially with ADHD traits rated their ADHD behaviors as worse during the outbreak. Additionally, changes in circadian rhythm, depression, and ADHD symptoms are intertwined and often create a vicious cycle. Conclusion: This study suggested that students with ADHD-trait is more susceptible to further deterioration in their daily lives during the pandemic. In case it is difficult to intervene with ADHD symptoms, approaching circadian rhythm or depression will be of clinical use.
Surfactants Efficiency on Pentachlophenol Contaminated Wastewater Enhanced by Pseudomonas Putida AJ 785569
Authors: Ammeri rim werheni , hidri yassin , HASSRN WAFA , mehri ines , khelifi Nesrine , Hassen abdenaceur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study has objectives to assess the effects of some surfactants on (1) the bacterial growth, (2) PCP (800 mgL -1 ) rate removal, and at last (3) biofilm development. Three different surfactants are used in this case as anionic (SDS), no anionic Tween 80 (TW80) and cationic (CTAB). The results improve that there was an adsorption of PCP by the bacterial cells of around 30 mg . L -1 and PCP removal of around 720 mgL -1 after seven days. It appeared that the surfactant adding affected the bacterial growth and reach a maximum of PCP removal with SDS addition with a value 676.66 mg L -1 in S.WW then CTAB and TW80. Biofilm formation in BHI with PCP showed a clear acceleration and enhancement of this activity with SDS addition. Besides, biofilm morphotype of selected strain appeared affected in form, density, and colour after different situations of stress caused by various surfactants or PCP.
Comprehensive Analysis of LIN28A in Chinese Patients with Early Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gu Xiaojing , Hou Yanbing , Chen Yongping , Ou Ruwei , Cao Bei , Wei Qianqian , Zhang Lingyu , Song Wei , Zhao Bi , Wu Ying , Li ChunYu , Shang Huifang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A loss-of-function variant in Lin-28 Homolog A gene (LIN28A p.R192G, rs558060339) has been identified in two East Asian ancestry patients with early-onset PD (EOPD). Functional studies revealed that such variant could lead to developmental defects and PD-related phenotype, and the phenotypes could be rescued after correction of the variant. The aim of the study was to screen the variants of LIN28A in Chinese patients with EOPD. A total of 682 EOPD patients were sequenced with whole exome sequencing and the coding and flanking region of LIN28A were analyzed. We identified a rare coding variant-p.P182L of LIN28A in a Chinese patient with EOPD. Moreover, we also found a 3’-UTR polymorphism(rs4659441) to be associated with an increased risk for PD. However, our rare variant burden analysis ﻿did not support a role for LIN28A as a major causal gene for PD.
Immune Cell as a Promising Biomarker in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma by Using Machine Learning
Authors: Tang Jing , Ye Hongqaun , qi Wan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumor infiltration, is known to associate with various cancer initiations and progressions, is potential therapeutic target for this aggressive skin cancer.Methods: single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was applied to assess the relative expression of 24 types of immune cell from public database. Firstly, the differentially expressed immune cells between melanomas and normal samples were identified. Next, multiple machine learning algorithms were performed to evaluate the efficiency of immune cells in diagnosis of melanoma. In addition, the feature selection in machine learning methods was used to figure out the most important prognostic immune cells for developing biomarker to predict the prognosis of melanoma.Results: In comparison with the expression of immune cells in tumors and normal controls, we built the immune diagnostic models in training dataset, which can accurately classify melanoma patients from normal (LR AUC= 0.965, RF AUC= 0.99, SVM AUC=0.963, LASSO AUC= 0.964 and NNET AUC=0.989). These diagnostic models also validated in three outside datasets and suggested over 90% sensitivity and specificity to distinguish melanomas from normal patients. Moreover, we also developed a robust immune cell biomarker which could estimate the prognosis of melanoma. This biomarker also further validated in internal and external datasets. Next, we constructed nomogram combined risk score of biomarker and clinical characteristics, which showed good accuracies in predicting 3 and 5 years’ survival. The decision curve of nomogram model manifested a higher net benefit than tumor stage. In addition, melanoma patients divided into high and low risk subgroups by applied risk score system. The high risk group have a significantly shorter survival time than the low risk subgroup. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis revealed that complement, epithelial mesenchymal transition and inflammatory response and so on significantly activated in high risk group. Conclusions: We constructed immune cell related diagnostic and prognostic models, which could provide new clinical applications for diagnosing and predicting the survival of melanoma patients.
Modelling for the COVID-19 with the Contacting Distance
Authors: Ma Zhihui , Wang Shufan , Lin Xuanru , Li Xiaohua , Han Xiaotao , Wang Haoyang , Liu Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19, which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae and is large-scale outbreak in the whole world, is a public health emergency for human beings and brings some very harmful consequences in social and economic fields. In order to modelling the COVID-19 and develop the efficient control method corresponding to the contacting distance, this paper proposes an SEIR-type epidemic model with the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the asymptomatic or symptomatic infected individuals, and the immigration rate of the healthy individuals, since the contacting distance and the immigration rate are two critical factors which determine the transmission of the COVID-19. Firstly, the threshold contacting distance and the threshold immigration rate are obtained by analyze the dynamical behaviors of the proposed SEIR-type epidemic model in order to control the COVID-19. The effect of the contacting distance and the immigration rate on the control of the COVID-19 are revealed based on ecological and epidemiological issues. The results show that the COVID-19 will be controlled while the contacting distance between the healthy individuals and the symptomatic infected individuals is larger than the threshold value $\tilde{d}^*$ and the immigration rate is smaller than the threshold value $\tilde{A}^*$. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis is conducted and the results show that the contacting distance and the immigration rate play an important role in controlling the COVID-19. Finally, the numerical test for Wuhan city are conducted and the conclusions show that the extinct lag decreases as the the contacting distance increase or the immigration rate decrease. Our study could give some reasonable suggestions for the health officials and the public.
Preparation and Characterization of New Modified System: Polyaniline/1.5-Naphtalene Disulfonic Acid as Novel Photocatalyst in the H2 Production
Authors: Hamlaoui F. Z. , Naar N. , Saib Faouzi , Trari M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The semiconducting properties of the system Polyaniline / 1.5-naphtalene disulfonic acid are investigated for the first time to assess its photocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. PANI is thermally stable up to ~ 300 °C, above which a weight loss of ~ 1.2% occurs. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows broad peaks with a particle size of ~ 7 nm, leading to an active surface area of ∼ 400 m2 g−1. A direct optical transition at 1.96 eV, is determined from the diffuse reflectance spectrum. The electrical conductivity of PANI-NDSA follows an exponential law with activation energy of 0.24 eV. The p-type conduction of PANI-NDSA is evidenced from the (capacitance-2 – potential) characteristic plot; a flat band potential (Efb) of 0.82 VSCE and a holes density (NA) of 8.43× 1024 m-3 are determined in neutral solution (Na2SO4 0.1 M). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, measured over an extended frequency domain (1 mHz - 1010 Hz), indicates the contribution of both the bulk and grain boundaries with a constant phase element (CPE). As application, PANI-NDSA is successfully tested for the hydrogen production upon visible light owing to the potential of its conduction band (-0.75 VSCE), less cathodic than that of H2O/H2 (~ -0.30 VSCE). H2 liberation rate of 3840 h-1 (g catalyst)-1 and a quantum efficiency of 0.34% under full light (29 mW cm-2) are obtained using Fe(CN)64- as reducing agent. The photoactivity is completely restored during the second cycle.
Individualized Laparoscopic Surgery for UPJO Patients with Crossing Vessels
Authors: Ning Bobin , Du Shuqi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To characterize the anatomical subtypes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) caused by crossing vessels (CVs) and demonstrate the Individualized operation procedures for these cases.Methods: From March 2015 to July 2019, 51 consecutive adult patients underwent treatment of primary UPJO via a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The clinical data, iconography inspection results, and surgical procedures for each patient were retrospectively reviewed by our team. The diagnosis of etiological CV was confirmed during the operation in 13 patients (25.49%), which included 7 men and 6 women. Results: The mean surgical age was 30±11.66 years. The operating time was approximately 233±62.76 minutes, and there were one open conversions. In the follow-up period (mean, 27.23±15.46 months), all patients had a full recovery in the CV group. However, 3 patients without CV did not completely recover from uronephrosis, as determined on iconography inspection, and there was no improvement in the renal colic symptoms. In the CV group, none of the patients had lithiasis whereas 25% of the patients without CV had lithiasis. Conclusion: CV accounts for approximately 25.49% of the UPJO cases. Based on the anatomical position of the UPJ and CVs, we identified two types of abnormalities, and 84.62% of the CVs were located anterior to the UPJ. The retroperitoneal approach for treating CVs had particular advantages. A comprehensive understanding and interoperative analysis of the anastomosis between the CVs and UPJ is crucial for at least 4 individual treatments. After dismembered pyeloplasty, suspension of the CVs is recommended in approximately 40% of the cases. The follow-up showed good prognosis in the long term.