bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double-edged sword—telemedicine for maternal care during COVID-19: findings from a global mixed-methods study of healthcare providers
Authors: Galle Anna , Semaan Aline , Huysmans Elise , Audet Constance , Asefa Anteneh , Delvaux Therese , Afolabi Bosede Bukola , El Ayadi Alison Marie , Benova Lenka 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid implementation of telemedicine for the provision of maternal and newborn healthcare. The objective of this study was to document the experiences with providing telemedicine for maternal and newborn healthcare during the pandemic among healthcare professionals globally.MethodsThe second round of a global online survey of maternal and newborn health professionals was conducted, disseminated in 11 languages. Data were collected between 5 July and 10 September 2020. The questionnaire included questions regarding background, preparedness and response to COVID-19, and experiences with providing telemedicine. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, disaggregated by country income level.ResultsResponses from 1060 maternal and newborn health professionals were analysed. Telemedicine was used by 58% of health professionals and two-fifths of them reported not receiving guidelines on the provision of telemedicine. Key telemedicine practices included online birth preparedness classes, antenatal and postnatal care by video/phone, a COVID-19 helpline and online psychosocial counselling. Challenges reported lack of infrastructure and technological literacy, limited monitoring, financial and language barriers, lack of non-verbal feedback and bonding, and distrust from patients. Telemedicine was considered as an important alternative to in-person consultations. However, health providers emphasised the lower quality of care and risk of increasing the already existing inequalities in access to healthcare.ConclusionsTelemedicine has been applied globally to address disruptions of care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some crucial aspects of maternal and newborn healthcare seem difficult to deliver by telemedicine. More research regarding the effectiveness, efficacy and quality of telemedicine for maternal healthcare in different contexts is needed before considering long-term adaptations in provision of care away from face-to-face interactions. Clear guidelines for care provision and approaches to minimising socioeconomic and technological inequalities in access to care are urgently needed.
Effects of feeding two different blends of essential oils to finishing steers on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, meat composition, and shelf life
Authors: Dorleku J.B. , Wang L.M. , Zhou Z.Y. , Mandell I.B. , Bohrer B.M. 
Published: February 2021

The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding two different commercially available blends of essential oils to finishing steers to replace conventional feed additives in feedlot diets. Angus-based crossbred steers [N = 43; starting body weight (BW) = 466 ± 31 kg] were used in a randomized complete block design. Steers were randomly assigned to four different dietary treatments for the 100 d finishing period in which steers were fed high-moisture corn/alfalfa silage/soybean meal diets. Dietary treatments included a negative control (no additives; CON), a positive control (33 mg·kg−1 monensin and 11 mg·kg−1 tylosin added to the diet; M/T), and two different proprietary blends of essential oils [EO-1: 1 g·steer−1·d−1 Victus Liv (DSM Nutritional Products) and EO-2: 4 g·steer−1·d−1 Fortissa Fit 45 (Provimi Canada ULC)]. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory attributes (excluding juiciness), most fatty acid parameters, and shelf-life (color and lipid oxidative stability) were generally unaffected by the inclusion of two different commercially available essential oil blends when compared with both a negative control (CON) and a positive control (M/T). This indicates that commercially available essential oil blends may show promise as a replacement to conventional feed additives like antibiotics without causing negative effects to meat quality, storage stability, and eating experience.
Antitumor Activity of NLG207 (Formerly CRLX101) in Combination with Enzalutamide in Preclinical Prostate Cancer Models
Authors: Schmidt Keith T. , Chau Cindy H. , Strope Jonathan D. , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Sissung Tristan M. , Price Douglas K. , Figg William D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Effective treatments for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following disease progression on enzalutamide are currently an unmet clinical need. Simultaneous inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and androgen receptor (AR) pathways has been previously shown to overcome enzalutamide resistance in vitro. Combination treatment with NLG207, a nanoparticle–drug conjugate of camptothecin and inhibitor of HIF-1α, and enzalutamide was evaluated in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. The effect of NLG207 and enzalutamide on average tumor volume and tumor re-growth after 3 weeks of treatment was evaluated in vivo using the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft and castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft models. Correlative assessments of antitumor activity were evaluated in vitro using cell proliferation and qPCR assays. NLG207 8 mg/kg alone and in combination with enzalutamide reduced average tumor volume by 93% after 3 weeks of treatment (P &lt; 0.05) in comparison with vehicle control in the subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenograft model. Notably, the addition of NLG207 also enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide alone in the castrated subcutaneous VCaP xenograft model, decreasing the median rate of tumor growth by 51% (P = 0.0001) in comparison with enzalutamide alone. In vitro assessments of cell proliferation and gene expression further demonstrated antitumor activity via AR–HIF-1α crosstalk inhibition. Combination treatment with NLG207 and enzalutamide was shown to be effective in preclinical prostate cancer models of enzalutamide resistance. Clinical investigation of this treatment combination is ongoing (NCT03531827).
Racial Diversity and Measuring Merit: Evidence from Boston's Exam School Admissions
Authors: Rucinski Melanie , Goodman Joshua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The impact of admissions process design on the racial diversity of schools and colleges has sparked heated debates. We study the pipeline into Boston's three public exam schools to understand racial gaps in enrollment. Admission to these schools has historically been based on a combination of grade point average (GPA) and a score on an optional test from a private developer. We document racial gaps in test-taking rates, test scores, GPAs, preferences for the most selective school, and ultimate admission rates to all three schools. These gaps persist even among students with similarly high baseline achievement as measured by the state's mandatory standardized test. Substantial numbers of high-achieving Black and Hispanic students do not apply to the exam schools and to the most selective school in particular. The choice of standardized test used to measure academic merit strongly affects who is admitted.
India’s Anti-Satellite Test: from the Perspective of International Space Law and the Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To enhance their strategic position, some spacefaring States are engaged in exploiting legal lacunae of international space treaties. Consequently, there is an increase of militarization of outer space. As an instance of such activities, an anti-satellite (asat) test by India represents a strategic move to enhance its deterrence capability rather than earnestly adhering to international space law. Such actions can potentially increase the element of uncertainty in international law, particularly the international space law. The pursuit of military strategic interests in space has increased the possibility of an arms race in space. This article argues that asat tests not only violate certain principles of international law but also undermine the efforts for arms control and disarmament in the outer space. In this regard, an effective role of the international community is required to curb the arms race imperative for a safe and sustainable outer space environment.
Seesawing of Winter Temperature Extremes between East Asia and North America
Authors: Sung Mi-Kyung , Son Seok-Woo , Yoo Changhyun , Hwang Jaeyoung , An Soon-Il 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent winters, there have been repeated observations of extreme warm and cold spells in the midlatitude countries. This has evoked questions regarding how winter temperature extremes are induced. In this study, we demonstrate that abnormally warm winter weather in East Asia can drive the onset of extremely cold weather in North America approximately one week forward. These seesawing extremes across the basin are mediated by the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), one of the recurrent atmospheric patterns over the North Pacific. Budget analysis of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency equation shows that intense thermal advection over East Asia is able to trigger the growth of the NPO. Vorticity fluxes associated with the upper-level stationary trough then strengthen and maintain the NPO against thermal damping following the onset of the NPO. Differential diabatic heating accompanied by changes in circulation also positively contribute to the growth and maintenance of the NPO. These results imply that recurrent cold extremes, seemingly contrary to global warming, may be an inherent feature resulting from strengthening warm extremes.
Management of Pediatric Nasoorbitoethmoid Complex Fractures at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Luthringer Margaret M. , Oleck Nicholas C. , Mukherjee Thayer J. , Halsey Jordan N. , Granick Mark S. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose A universally accepted treatment algorithm for rare pediatric nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures has yet to be established. In this study, the authors examine how severity of pediatric NOE fractures interplays with patient characteristics, management choices, and complications from injury and surgical intervention at our institution. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all cases of pediatric NOE fracture at a level 1 trauma center (University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey) between 2002 and 2014. Results Fifteen of 1922 patients met our inclusion criteria. Ten (66.7%) demonstrated Markowitz type I injuries, 2 (13.3%) had type II NOEs, and 3 (20%) sustained type III fractures. Five (33.3%) of our patients were only monitored. Six (40.0%) were treated with plate fixation. One patient (6.7%) required enucleation alone, while 1 (6.7%) warranted enucleation with medial canthoplasty and plate fixation. Transnasal canthopexy was performed for 1 patient (6.7%). Zero patients managed without surgery had complications at 1-year follow-up. Surgical intervention was associated with complications in 4 of 15 patients. Both nonoperative treatment and plate fixation were associated with a higher rate of complications from initial injury or subsequent therapy when than other mentioned forms of treatment ( P = .004). Conclusion Nonoperative management for nondisplaced fractures is associated with zero complications at 1-year follow-up in our data; plate fixation and watchful waiting yield significantly fewer postoperative complications and injury sequelae than surgical intervention for medial canthal tendon and globe injuries.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Interventions That Promote Meaning in Life
Authors: Manco Nicholas , Hamby Sherry 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Increasing meaning in life (MiL) among people experiencing disease or adversity may improve coping and resilience. The purpose of this review is to characterize the effects of MiL interventions. Data Source: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar was conducted encompassing the following parameters: meaning in life, purpose in life, or sense of purpose with randomized controlled trials. Study Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with at least one outcome that measured improvement in MiL and were published in English between January 2000 and January 2020. Data Extraction & Synthesis: 33 randomized controlled trials ( k = 35) were identified. Data were coded by authors and a research assistant for intervention type, control group type, and risk of bias. The random effects model of Review Manager 5.3 was used to produce SMD and evaluate heterogeneity. Results: The effect size for studies with a passive control group was SMD = 0.85 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.17) and for studies with an active control group was SMD = .032 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.55). Mindfulness programs produced the largest effect size (1.57) compared to passive controls, while narrative programs produced the largest effect relative to active controls (0.61). There was considerable heterogeneity in most estimates. Conclusion: Several interventions increase MiL, including some that are relatively brief and do not require licensed professionals.
Emotional and Mental Wellbeing Following COVID-19 Public Health Measures on People Living With Dementia and Carers
Authors: Hanna Kerry , Giebel Clarissa , Tetlow Hilary , Ward Kym , Shenton Justine , Cannon Jacqueline , Komuravelli Aravind , Gaughan Anna , Eley Ruth , Rogers Carol , Rajagopal Manoj , Limbert Stan , Callaghan Steve , Whittington Rosie , Butchard Sarah , Shaw Lisa , Gabbay Mark 
Published: February 2021

Background: To date, there appears to be no evidence on the longer-term impacts caused by COVID-19 and its related public health restrictions on some of the most vulnerable in our societies. The aim of this research was to explore the change in impact of COVID-19 public health measures on the mental wellbeing of people living with dementia (PLWD) and unpaid carers. Method: Semi-structured, follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with PLWD and unpaid carers between June and July 2020. Participants were asked about their experiences of accessing social support services during the pandemic, and the impact of restrictions on their daily lives. Results: 20 interviews were conducted and thematically analyzed, which produced 3 primary themes concerning emotional responses and impact to mental health and wellbeing during the course of the pandemic: 1) Impact on mental health during lockdown, 2) Changes to mental health following easing of public health, and 3) The long-term effect of public health measures. Conclusions: The findings from this research shed light on the longer-term psychological impacts of the UK Government’s public health measures on PLWD and their carers. The loss of social support services was key in impacting this cohort mentally and emotionally, displaying a need for better psychological support, for both carers and PLWD.
Enhancing the contribution of clinical psychology: an under-utilised workforce in public mental health services
Authors: Jackson Henry , Hunt Caroline , Hulbert Carol 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Clinical psychologists are practitioners with expertise in mental health, who apply advanced psychological theory and knowledge to their practice in order to assess and treat complex psychological disorders. Given their robust specialised mental health training, clinical psychology is an integral component of the Australian mental health workforce, but is under-utilised. Recent reviews have identified significant problems with Australia’s mental health system, including unequal access to clinical psychology services and fragmentation of service delivery, including convoluted pathways to care. Conclusions: Clinical psychology is well placed to contribute meaningfully to public mental health services (PMHS). We describe what clinical psychologists currently contribute to team-based care in PMHS, how we could further contribute and the barriers to making more extensive contributions. We identify significant historical and organisational factors that have limited the contribution made by clinical psychologists and provide suggestions for cultural change to PMHS.
Effects of hydrogen peroxide solution on the biomechanics of porcine cornea
Authors: Pang Zuoxiang , Wang Lijun , Zhang Chunxiao , Wang Jia , Gao Zhipeng , Li Zhiwei , Hao Jiangdong , Mu Guoying 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To determine the biomechanical changes of porcine corneas after the application of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) solution. Methods: Fifty-five porcine eyeballs with similar sizes were divided into 11 groups based on the H2O2 application. The eyeballs were treated with the following concentrations of H2O2 solution: 1 mol/L, 500 mmol/L, 250 mmol/L, 125 mmol/L, 62.5 mmol/L, 31.25 mmol/L, 15.63 mmol/L, 7.81 mmol/L, 3.91 mmol/L, 0.9% saline, or blank. The eyeballs were immersed into the solution for 30 min. The biomechanics of each cornea in the different groups was determined soon after the indentation and tensile tests. We calculated the average Young’s modulus of the different groups to determine the effects of H2O2 solution on porcine corneas. The comparison between the groups was conducted using ANOVA analysis. Moreover, the safety of each concentration of H2O2 solution on the corneal tissues was determined by histopathological examination. Results: The Young’s modulus was significantly different among all the groups ( p = 0.003). The modulus was the highest in the group treated with 3.91 mmol/L H2O2 and it was significantly different from that in the group treated with 0.9% saline or the blank group, for both the indentation and tensile tests. Histopathological examination showed that H2O2 at a concentration of ⩾62.5 mmol/L damaged the epithelium, stroma, or both, while H2O2 at a concentration ⩽31.25 mmol/L did not change the morphology of the epithelium or stroma. Conclusions: Treatment with 3.91 mmol/L H2O2 solution can safely and effectively increase the biomechanical strength of the cornea.
Inflammatory, synaptic, motor, and behavioral alterations induced by gestational sepsis on the offspring at different stages of life
Authors: Granja Marcelo Gomes , Alves Letícia Pires , Leardini-Tristão Marina , Saul Michelle Edelman , Bortoni Letícia Coelho , de Moraes Flávia Maciel , Ferreira Erica Camila , de Moraes Bianca Portugal Tavares , da Silva Victória Zerboni , dos Santos Adrielle Ferreira Ribeiro , Silva Adriana Ribeiro , Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque Cassiano Felippe , Bambini-Junior Victorio , Weyrich Andrew S. , Rondina Matthew T. , Zimmerman Guy A. , de Castro-Faria-Neto Hugo Caire 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The term sepsis is used to designate a systemic condition of infection and inflammation associated with hemodynamic changes that result in organic dysfunction. Gestational sepsis can impair the development of the central nervous system and may promote permanent behavior alterations in the offspring. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of maternal sepsis on inflammatory cytokine levels and synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum of neonatal, young, and adult mice. Additionally, we analyzed the motor development, behavioral features, and cognitive impairments in neonatal, young and adult offspring.

Methods
Pregnant mice at the 14th embryonic day (E14) were intratracheally instilled with saline 0.9% solution (control group) or Klebsiella spp. (3 × 108 CFU) (sepsis group) and started on meropenem after 5 h. The offspring was sacrificed at postnatal day (P) 2, P8, P30, and P60 and samples of liver, lung, and brain were collected for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 measurements by ELISA. Synaptophysin, PSD95, and β-tubulin levels were analyzed by Western blot. Motor tests were performed at all analyzed ages and behavioral assessments were performed in offspring at P30 and P60.

Results
Gestational sepsis induces a systemic pro-inflammatory response in neonates at P2 and P8 characterized by an increase in cytokine levels. Maternal sepsis induced systemic downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum an inflammatory response was detected. These changes in the brain immunity were accompanied by a reduction of synaptophysin and PSD95 levels in the hippocampus, neocortex, frontal cortex, and cerebellum, in all ages. Behavioral tests demonstrated motor impairment in neonates, and depressive-like behavior, fear-conditioned memory, and learning impairments in animals at P30 and P60, while spatial memory abilities were affected only at P60, indicating that gestational sepsis not only induces an inflammatory response in neonatal mouse brains, but also affects neurodevelopment, and leads to a plethora of behavioral alterations and cognitive impairments in the offspring.

Conclusion
These data suggest that maternal sepsis may be causatively related to the development of depression, learning, and memory impairments in the litter.
Spontaneous improvement of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in PMM2-CDG without mannose observed in CDG natural history study
Authors: Witters Peter , Edmondson Andrew C. , Lam Christina , Johnsen Christin , Patterson Marc C. , Raymond Kimiyo M. , He Miao , Freeze Hudson H. , Morava Eva 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA recent report on long-term dietary mannose supplementation in phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) claimed improved glycosylation and called for double-blind randomized study of the dietary supplement in PMM2-CDG patients. A lack of efficacy of short-term mannose supplementation in multiple prior reports challenge this study’s conclusions. Additionally, some CDG types have previously been reported to demonstrate spontaneous improvement in glycosylated biomarkers, including transferrin. We have likewise observed improvements in transferrin glycosylation without mannose supplementation. This observation questions the reliability of transferrin as a therapeutic outcome measure in clinical trials for PMM2-CDG. We are concerned that renewed focus on mannose therapy in PMM2-CDG will detract from clinical trials of more promising therapies. Approaches to increase efficiency of clinical trials and ultimately improve patients’ lives requires prospective natural history studies and identification of reliable biomarkers linked to clinical outcomes in CDG. Collaborations with patients and families are essential to identifying meaningful study outcomes.