bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An orthodontic perspective on Larsen syndrome
Authors: Yasunaga Madoka , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Yanagita Kenichi , Tamaoki Sachio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Larsen syndrome (LS) is a rare disorder of osteochondrodysplasia. In addition to large-joint dislocations, craniofacial anomalies are typical characteristics. In this report, we performed orthodontic analyses, including skeletal and occlusal evaluations, to examine whether the craniofacial skeletal morphology leads to the craniofacial anomalies in LS.

Case presentation
A 5 year old Japanese girl who was clinically diagnosed with LS was referred to the orthodontic clinic in the Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental Hospital because of a malocclusion. Clinical findings at birth were knee-joint dislocations, equinovarus foot deformities, and cleft soft palate. The patient showed craniofacial anomalies with hypertelorism, prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge, and flattened midface. To evaluate the craniofacial skeletal morphology, cephalometric analysis was performed. In the frontal cephalometric analysis, the larger widths between bilateral points of the orbitale were related to hypertelorism. The lateral cephalometric analysis revealed the midface hypoplasia and the retrognathic mandible. These findings were responsible for the flattened appearance of the patient’s face, even if the anteroposterior position of the nasion was normal. Her forehead looked prominent in relation to the face probably because of the retrognathic maxilla and mandible. Both the study model and the frontal cephalometric analysis indicated constriction of the upper and lower dental arches. The posterior crossbite facilitated by the premature contacts had developed in association with the constriction of the upper dental arch.

Conclusions
This patient had some craniofacial anomalies with characteristic appearances in LS. It was evident that the underlying skeletal morphology led to the craniofacial dysmorphism.
Influential factors on quality of life in married Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a path analysis
Authors: Daneshfar Zahra , Jahanian Sadatmahalleh Shahideh , Youseflu Samaneh , Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Kazemnejad Anoshiravan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quality of life (QoL) with anxiety, depression, corona disease anxiety, sexual function (SF), and marital satisfaction (MS) in married women during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study involving n = 296 married women. We used the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and coronary disease anxiety questionnaire, as determinants of QoL for data collection. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.

Results
There was a relationship between the components of QoL with SF, anxiety, depression, MS, general health, and contamination obsessions. The results of path analysis also showed that that SF, MS, anxiety, general health, and corona-related anxiety have a direct effect on women’s QoL. General health has a more direct effect on QoL.

Conclusion
The results of this study could help in a plan to improve the QoL of women during the coronavirus epidemic.
The role of pharmacists in complementary and alternative medicine in Lebanon: users’ perspectives
Authors: Hijazi Mohamad Ali , Shatila Hibeh , Omeich Zeina , El-Lakany Abdalla , Ela Maha Aboul , Naja Farah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Customers’ expectations and satisfaction are critical to ensure a more effective role of the community pharmacists in promoting the safe use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions and practices of customers buying their CAM products from pharmacies and explore their satisfaction with CAM-related services offered by the community pharmacists in Lebanon.

Methods
A national cross-sectional study was conducted among users of CAM (age > =18 years) who obtained their CAM from community pharmacies in Lebanon (n = 832). Within the proximity of the pharmacy, subjects were invited to complete a multi-component questionnaire. The latter consisted of four sections related to CAM: general beliefs, perception of pharmacists’ role, practices, satisfaction with services offered by the pharmacists. In addition, the questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic characteristics of participants.

Results
The majority of participants agreed to an active role of the pharmacists’ in guiding CAM use, however over half of the participants (61.3%) did not agree that the pharmacist is more knowledgeable in this field than other healthcare providers. As for practices, one in two surveyed customers (47%) did not always give feedback to their pharmacists about the outcomes after using CAM, 20% did not often ask the pharmacists about the safe and effective mode of use of the products and 28.1% did not discuss their medical history. For services offered by the pharmacist, the majority of participants reported receiving good education about the CAM product (87.1%), its side effects (87.1%) and mode of use (93.4%), while significant proportions of participants reported that pharmacists were not asking questions about their medical history before dispensing CAM products (22%) nor were they providing information on CAM-drug interactions (30%).

Conclusions
The results of this study highlighted important gaps between the perceptions of customers and the services they received from the pharmacists about CAM use. These findings could be used by concerned stakeholders, including public health authorities and educational bodies, to develop evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting the role of pharmacists in ensuring a safe and effective CAM use Lebanon.
Interest in and use of person-centred pharmacy services - a Swiss study of people with diabetes
Authors: Bawab Noura , Zuercher Emilie , Carron Tania , Chinet Léonie , Bugnon Olivier , Berger Jérôme , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is one of the most important chronic diseases and affects 9% of the world’s population. To support these people in the day-to-day management of their treatments, pharmacies can offer professional pharmacy services. These are defined as one or more actions organized or provided in a pharmacy to optimize the process of care, with the goal of improving health outcomes and the value of healthcare. Such services have to be tailored to the needs and interests of patients. This study aimed to evaluate interest in and use of pharmacy services among people with diabetes in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analysed self-reported data from 790 people with diabetes included in the CoDiab-VD cohort. Questions focused on sociodemographic and economic characteristics, diabetes and its management, and interest in and use of pharmacy services related to (1) medication intake and adherence and (2) diabetes and general health. Descriptive analyses were first conducted. Logistic regression analyses were then performed for pharmacy services that were of interest to ≥50% of respondents.

Results
The mean age of participants was 66 years, and the sample included more males (59%) than females. The pharmacy services that interested the most respondents were individual interview, pill boxes or weekly pill boxes, treatment plans, checks of all medications, first medical opinions from pharmacists and counselling on devices. Factors significantly associated with interest in pharmacy services were being older, having a lower self-efficacy score, taking more than three medications and having a positive opinion about pharmacists.

Conclusions
This study provides key information on interest in and use of pharmacy services among patients with diabetes in Switzerland; it should help pharmacists individualize their services for patients.
Scale-up and sustainability of a personalized end-of-life care intervention: a longitudinal mixed-methods study
Authors: Takaoka Alyson , Tam Benjamin , Vanstone Meredith , Clarke France J. , Hoad Neala , Swinton Marilyn , Toledo Feli , Boyle Anne , Woods Anne , Duan Erick H. , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Waugh Lily , Soth Mark , Rudkowski Jill , Alhazzani Waleed , Perri Dan , Ligori Tania , Jaeschke Roman , Zytaruk Nicole , Cook Deborah J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Scaling-up and sustaining healthcare interventions can be challenging. Our objective was to describe how the 3 Wishes Project (3WP), a personalized end-of-life intervention, was scaled-up and sustained in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
In a longitudinal mixed-methods study from January 12,013 - December 31, 2018, dying patients and families were invited to participate if the probability of patient death was > 95% or after a decision to withdraw life support. A research team member or bedside clinician learned more about each of the patients and their family, then elicited and implemented at least 3 personalized wishes for patients and/or family members. We used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze interviews and focus groups conducted with 25 clinicians who cared for the enrolled patients. We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient, wish, and clinician characteristics, and analyzed outcome data in quarters using Statistical Process Control charts. The primary outcome was enrollment of terminally ill patients and respective families; the secondary outcome was the number of wishes per patient; tertiary outcomes included wish features and stakeholder involvement.

Results
Both qualitative and quantitative analyses suggested a three-phase approach to the scale-up of this intervention during which 369 dying patients were enrolled, having 2039 terminal wishes implemented. From a research project to clinical program to an approach to practice, we documented a three-fold increase in enrolment with a five-fold increase in total wishes implemented, without a change in cost. Beginning as a study, the protocol provided structure; starting gradually enabled frontline staff to experience and recognize the value of acts of compassion for patients, families, and clinicians. The transition to a clinical program was marked by handover from the research staff to bedside staff, whereby project catalysts mentored project champions to create staff partnerships, and family engagement became more intentional. The final transition involved empowering staff to integrate the program as an approach to care, expanding it within and beyond the organization.

Conclusions
The 3WP is an end-of-life intervention which was implemented as a study, scaled-up into a clinical program, and sustained by becoming integrated into practice as an approach to care.
The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control
Authors: Olafson Pia U. , Aksoy Serap , Attardo Geoffrey M. , Buckmeier Greta , Chen Xiaoting , Coates Craig J. , Davis Megan , Dykema Justin , Emrich Scott J. , Friedrich Markus , Holmes Christopher J. , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Jansen Evan N. , Jennings Emily C. , Lawson Daniel , Martinson Ellen O. , Maslen Gareth L. , Meisel Richard P. , Murphy Terence D. , Nayduch Dana , Nelson David R. , Oyen Kennan J. , Raszick Tyler J. , Ribeiro José M. C. , Robertson Hugh M. , Rosendale Andrew J. , Sackton Timothy B. , Saelao Perot , Swiger Sonja L. , Sze Sing-Hoi , Tarone Aaron M. , Taylor David B. , Warren Wesley C. , Waterhouse Robert M. , Weirauch Matthew T. , Werren John H. , Wilson Richard K. , Zdobnov Evgeny M. , Benoit Joshua B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies.

Results
This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways.

Conclusions
The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha.
Effects of maternal folic acid supplementation during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on neurocognitive development in the child: an 11-year follow-up from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Caffrey Aoife , McNulty Helene , Rollins Mark , Prasad Girijesh , Gaur Pramod , Talcott Joel B. , Witton Caroline , Cassidy Tony , Marshall Barry , Dornan James , Moore Adrian J. , Ward Mary , Strain J. J. , Molloy Anne M. , McLaughlin Marian , Lees-Murdock Diane J. , Walsh Colum P. , Pentieva Kristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaternal folic acid (FA) supplementation before and in early pregnancy prevents neural tube defects (NTD), but it is uncertain whether continuing FA after the first trimester has benefits on offspring health. We aimed to evaluate the effect of FA supplementation throughout pregnancy on cognitive performance and brain function in the child.MethodsFollow-up investigation of 11-year-old children, residing in Northern Ireland, whose mothers had participated in a randomised trial of Folic Acid Supplementation in the Second and Third Trimesters (FASSTT) in pregnancy and received 400 μg/day FA or placebo from the 14th gestational week. Cognitive performance (Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory, Perceptual Reasoning, and Processing Speed) was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Neuronal function was assessed using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging.ResultsOf 119 mother-child pairs in the FASSTT trial, 68 children were assessed for neurocognitive performance at 11-year follow-up (Dec 2017 to Nov 2018). Children of mothers randomised to FA compared with placebo scored significantly higher in two Processing Speed tests, i.e. symbol search (mean difference 2.9 points, 95% CI 0.3 to 5.5,p = 0.03) and cancellation (11.3 points, 2.5 to 20.1,p = 0.04), whereas the positive effect on Verbal Comprehension was significant in girls only (6.5 points, 1.2 to 11.8,p = 0.03). MEG assessment of neuronal responses to a language task showed increased power at the Beta (13–30 Hz,p = 0.01) and High Gamma (49–70 Hz,p = 0.04) bands in children from FA-supplemented mothers, suggesting more efficient semantic processing of language.ConclusionsContinued FA supplementation in pregnancy beyond the early period currently recommended to prevent NTD can benefit neurocognitive development of the child. MEG provides a non-invasive tool in paediatric research to objectively assess functional brain activity in response to nutrition and other interventions.Trial registrationISRCTNISRCTN19917787. Registered on 15 May 2013.
Efficacy of a long-term pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance program for COPD patients in a real-life setting: a 5-year cohort study
Authors: Blervaque Léo , Préfaut Christian , Forthin Hélène , Maffre Francis , Bourrelier Marion , Héraud Nelly , Catteau Matthias , Pomiès Pascal , Jaffuel Dany , Molinari Nicolas , Hayot Maurice , Gouzi Fares 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Maintenance programs can sustain the benefits for 12 to 24 months. Yet, the long-term effects (> 12 months) of pragmatic maintenance programs in real-life settings remain unknown. This prospective cohort study assessed the yearly evolution in the outcomes [6-min walking distance (6MWD), HRQoL, dyspnea] of a supervised self-help PR maintenance program for COPD patients followed for 5 years. The aim was to assess the change in the outcomes and survival probability for 1 to 5 years after PR program discharge in COPD patients following a PR maintenance program supported by supervised self-help associations.

Methods
Data were prospectively collected from 144 COPD patients who followed a pragmatic multidisciplinary PR maintenance program for 1 to 5 years. They were assessed yearly for 6MWD, HRQol (VQ11) and dyspnea (MRC). The 5-year survival probability was compared to that of a control PR group without a maintenance program. A trajectory-based cluster analysis identified the determinants of long-term response.

Results
Maintenance program patients showed significant PR benefits at 4 years for 6MWD and VQ11 and 5 years for MRC. The 5-year survival probability was higher than for PR patients without PR maintenance. Two clusters of response to long-term PR were identified, with responders being the less severe COPD patients.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of the efficacy of a pragmatic PR maintenance program in a real-life setting for more than 3 years. In contrast to short-term PR, long-term PR maintenance appeared more beneficial in less severe COPD patients.
The new Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 diagnostic tool clarifies the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of the North American malaria vector Anopheles punctipennis
Authors: Hodge James M. , Yurchenko Andrey A. , Karagodin Dmitriy A. , Masri Reem A. , Smith Ryan C. , Gordeev Mikhail I. , Sharakhova Maria V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The malaria mosquito Anopheles punctipennis, a widely distributed species in North America, is capable of transmitting human malaria and is actively involved in the transmission of the ungulate malaria parasite Plasmodium odocoilei. However, molecular diagnostic tools based on Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA are lacking for this species. Anopheles punctipennis is a former member of the Anopheles maculipennis complex but its systematic position remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, ITS2 sequences were obtained from 276 An. punctipennis specimens collected in the eastern and midwestern United States and a simple and robust Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism approach for species identification was developed. The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on ITS2 sequences available through this study and from GenBank for 20 species of Anopheles.

Results
The analysis demonstrated a consistent ITS2 sequence length and showed no indications of intragenomic variation among the samples based on ITS2, suggesting that An. punctipennis represents a single species in the studied geographic locations. In this study, An. punctipennis was found in urban, rural, and forest settings, suggesting its potential broad role in pathogen transmission. Phylogeny based on ITS2 sequence comparison demonstrated the close relationship of this species with other members of the Maculipennis group.

Conclusions
This study developed molecular tools based on ITS2 sequences for the malaria vector An. punctipennis and clarified the phylogenetic position of the species within the Maculipennis group.
Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes
Authors:   the Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), O’Leary Renée , Polosa Riccardo , Li Volti Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In preparation for the 2021 revision of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive, the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) has posted its Preliminary Opinion on Electronic Cigarettes. They concluded that e-cigarettes only achieve a sub-optimal level of protection of human health. In this paper, we provide evidence that the Opinion’s conclusions are not adequately backed up by scientific evidence and did not discuss the potential health benefits of using alternative combustion-free nicotine-containing products as substitute for tobacco cigarettes.

Methods
Searches for articles were conducted in PubMed and by citation chasing in Google Scholar. Articles were also retrieved with a review of references in major publications. Primary data from World Health Organization surveys, the conclusions of reviews, and peer-reviewed non-industry studies were cited to address errors and omissions identified in the Opinion.

Results
The Opinion omitted reporting on the individual and population health benefits of the substitution of e-cigarettes (ENDS) for cigarette smoking. Alternative hypotheses to the gateway theory were not evaluated. Its assessment of cardiovascular risk is contradicted by numerous reviews. It cites ever-use data that do not represent current patterns of use. It did not report non-nicotine use. It presented erroneous statements on trends in ENDS prevalence. It over-emphasized the role of flavours in youth ENDS initiation. It did not discuss cessation in sufficient length.

Conclusions
For the delivery of a robust and comprehensive final report, the members of the Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks will need to consider (1) the potential health benefits of ENDS substitution for cigarette smoking, (2) alternative hypotheses and contradictory studies on the gateway effect, (3) its assessment of cardiovascular risk, (4) the measurements of frequency of use, (5) non-nicotine use, (6) the role of flavours, and (7) a fulsome discussion of cessation.