bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiated Integration: An Alternative Conceptualization of EU–Turkey Relations
Authors: Tekin Funda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of differentiated integration and discusses its explanatory value in view of the EU–Turkey relationship. The major aim is to elaborate whether variable geometries as a form of differentiation constituting different and sometimes even overlapping forms of association and integration with different member and non-member states can provide a soft-landing from the fallout of Turkey’s EU accession process. The chapter sets out the many faces of differentiation and examines how the conceptual approach is perceived in the European and Turkish debates. The analysis also provides a concise overview on how differentiated integration is embedded in the logics of the main European integration theories. This conceptual discussion is complemented by a detailed outline of the variable geometries that already exist in EU–Turkey relations resulting from the three distinct forms of bilateral dialogue: accession process, functional cooperation, and cooperation in international organizations. The chapter concludes by linking the empirical findings back to the conceptual analysis, thereby discussing the limits of the explanatory value of the concept as well as highlighting the modernization of the Customs Union as a potential starting point for a differentiated future of EU–Turkey relations.
The European Commission’s Role in EU–Turkey Relations
Authors: Bürgin Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on a review of the relations between the European Commission (EC) and Turkey across a selection of policy areas, this chapter illustrates two aspects of EC influence in EU–Turkey relations. First, as a defender of the rules of the (enlargement) game, the Commission has rebuffed attempts by some member states to undermine Turkey’s membership prospects. The EC’s influence in the debate on the most appropriate approach to Turkey underlines its autonomous role within the EU system and the relevance of its norm-based argumentation. However, due to Turkey’s current alienation from the EU’s normative standards, norm-based arguments in favor of Turkey’s membership have lost much of their weight even within the Commission. Second, the EC has been an important ‘agent of change’ in Turkish domestic politics, even in times of deteriorating political relations with the EU. Because of its contributions to regular interactions, in particular, in the framework of projects financed by the EU’s Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, the EC has continued to increase administrative capacity and policy learning processes within Turkey’s bureaucracy, which, in turn, contributed to Ankara’s continued harmonization with the EUacquisin some sectors, despite the waning relevance of the EU’s conditionality strategy.
Fracture-induced pain-like behaviours in a femoral fracture mouse model
Authors: Magnusdottir R. , Gohin S. , ter Heegde F. , Hopkinson M. , McNally I.F. , Fisher A. , Upton N. , Billinton A. , Chenu C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Summary
This study is the first comprehensive characterisation of the pain phenotype after fracture using both evoked and naturalistic behaviours in adult male and ovariectomised female mice. It also shows that an anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) therapy could be considered to reduce pain after fracture surgery.

Introduction
Bone fractures are common due to the ageing population and very painful even after healing. The phenotype of this pain is still poorly understood. We aimed to characterise it in a femoral fracture model in mice.

Methods
We employed both adult male, and female ovariectomised (OVX) mice to mimic osteoporotic fractures. Mice underwent a unilateral femoral fracture maintained by an external fixator or a sham surgery. Pain behaviours, including mechanical and thermal sensitivity, weight bearing and LABORAS, were measured from baseline to 6 weeks after fracture. The effect on pain of an antibody against nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) was assessed. Changes in nerve density at the fracture callus were analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Following surgery, all groups exhibited high levels of invoked nociception. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were observed from 1 week after surgery, with nociceptive sensitization in the fracture group maintained for the 6 weeks, whereas it resolved in the sham group after 3 weeks. OVX induced reduction in pain thresholds, which was maintained after fracture. The frequency of naturalistic behaviours did not change between groups. Anti-NGF administered before and weekly after surgery alleviated fracture-induced mechanical nociception. The density of nerve fibres in the fracture callus was similar in all groups 6 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
Fractures in rodent models are highly painful in both sexes. This pain-like phenotype is prolonged and should be routinely considered in fracture healing studies as it can affect the study outcome. The anti-NGF alleviates fracture-induced mechanical pain.
Mechanistic physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling to elucidate vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy following treatment with novel kinase inhibitors
Authors: Pilla Reddy Venkatesh , Fretland Adrian J. , Zhou Diansong , Sharma Shringi , Chen Buyun , Vishwanathan Karthick , McGinnity Dermot F. , Xu Yan , Ware Joseph A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Limited information is available regarding the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of molecular targeted agents and rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy. The addition of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib to R-CHOP therapy results in increased toxicity versus R-CHOP alone, including higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy. Vincristine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1); drugs that inhibit P-gp could potentially cause increased toxicity when co-administered with vincristine through DDI. While the combination of the BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib and R-CHOP is being explored clinically, the DDI potential between these therapies is unknown.

Methods
A human mechanistic physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of vincristine following intravenous dosing was developed to predict potential DDI interactions with combination therapy. In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and in vivo clinical PK parameters informed PBPK model development, which was verified by comparing simulated vincristine concentrations with observed clinical data.

Results
While simulations suggested no DDI between vincristine and ibrutinib or acalabrutinib in plasma, simulated vincristine exposure in muscle tissue was increased in the presence of ibrutinib but not acalabrutinib. Extrapolation of the vincristine mechanistic PBPK model to other P-gp substrates further suggested DDI risk when ibrutinib (area under the concentration–time curve [AUC] ratio: 1.8), but not acalabrutinib (AUC ratio: 0.92), was given orally with venetoclax or digoxin.

Conclusion
Overall, these data suggest low DDI risk between acalabrutinib and P-gp substrates with negligible increase in the potential risk of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy when acalabrutinib is added to R-CHOP therapy.
Free flap for soft palate reconstruction: long-term functional evaluation of a new technique
Authors: Colliard A. , Pincet L. , Simon C. , May L. , Lambercy K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The soft palate (SP) has a complex anatomy and physiology. Reconstruction after tumour resection is a challenge, and procedures that only restore bulk don’t give good results. We aim to present a new technique for the in-setting and the functional outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively included in a monocentric retrospective cohort study every patient with a first diagnosis of a soft palate squamous cell carcinoma (SPSCC), who underwent a tumoral resection with a free flap reconstruction, from February 2013 to July 2017. For the in-setting, a special care is given for the flap in-setting: we suture the flap more caudally than usual under the tongue base, creating a neo-posterior pilar. The primary outcome was the deglutition function, assessed by the M. D Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). We also analyzed the patient’s quality of life with the FOSS score and the occurrence of nasal regurgitation or larynx aspiration.

Results
We included twenty patients, with a median follow-up of 26.5 months. The median MDADI score was 89, and the mode was 93. A Fisher test shows a significant improvement of MDADI scores for unilateral vs bilateral reconstructions (p = 0.03). The median FOSS score was 2, and the mode was 2. Seven (35%) patients complained of nasal regurgitation, three (15%) reported episodic laryngeal aspiration.
The effects of health shocks on family status: do financial incentives encourage marriage?
Authors: Ehlert Andree 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper asks whether marriage decisions of unmarried mature couples are driven by the prospect of financial advantages for the later widowed after one partner has suffered a serious health shock. We hypothesize that, in contrast to traditional marriage models, such health shocks may induce unmarried couples to obtain economic benefits, such as survivors’ pensions in particular, through marriage in advance of one partner’s death. This question has not yet been studied empirically. Hazard models capturing unobserved effects are applied to longitudinal data of the German Socioeconomic Panel. It turns out that the probability of marriage after male partners’ health shocks can increase significantly depending on the amount of expected survivors’ pensions for the (likely) surviving female partners. In contrast, an increased probability of marriage after health shocks to women (depending on the expected financial benefits to men) was not found. These findings are supported by various robustness checks. Economic and political implications are discussed and the results are placed in an international context.
Combining 4D Flow MRI and Complex Networks Theory to Characterize the Hemodynamic Heterogeneity in Dilated and Non-dilated Human Ascending Aortas
Authors: Calò Karol , Gallo Diego , Guala Andrea , Rodriguez Palomares Jose , Scarsoglio Stefania , Ridolfi Luca , Morbiducci Umberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivated by the evidence that the onset and progression of the aneurysm of the ascending aorta (AAo) is intertwined with an adverse hemodynamic environment, the present study characterized in vivo the hemodynamic spatiotemporal complexity and organization in human aortas, with and without dilated AAo, exploring the relations with clinically relevant hemodynamic and geometric parameters. The Complex Networks (CNs) theory was applied for the first time to 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) velocity data of ten patients, five of them presenting with AAo dilation. The time-histories along the cardiac cycle of velocity-based quantities were used to build correlation-based CNs. The CNs approach succeeded in capturing large-scale coherent flow features, delimiting flow separation and recirculation regions. CNs metrics highlighted that an increasing AAo dilation (expressed in terms of the ratio between the maximum AAo and aortic root diameter) disrupts the correlation in forward flow reducing the correlation persistence length, while preserving the spatiotemporal homogeneity of secondary flows. The application of CNs to in vivo 4D MRI data holds promise for a mechanistic understanding of the spatiotemporal complexity and organization of aortic flows, opening possibilities for the integration of in vivo quantitative hemodynamic information into risk stratification and classification criteria.
Die Differenz Haushalt vs. Markt als latentes Beobachtungsschema
Authors: Wobbe Theresa 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Teilung in nichtaktive (Haushalt) und aktive Bevölkerung (Markt) fragt der Beitrag nach der Rolle, die statistische Vergleichsverfahren bei dieser Grenzziehung in der Welt der Arbeit spielen. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund der Verzweigung von zwei strukturellen Entwicklungen, nämlich dem Wandel der (Arbeits‑)Welten und der statistischen Vergleichsverfahren. Der Beitrag gehört zu den ersten, der diese Nahtstelle systematisch und empirisch an der nationalen und internationalen (Beschäftigungs‑)Statistik untersucht. In diesem Beitrag schlage ich vor, die beiden Beobachtungsebenen als ein Feld der inter/nationalen Statistik zu verstehen. Ihre Ähnlichkeiten, Unterschiede und Verzweigungen werden soziologisch bislang noch nicht wahrgenommen. Im Unterschied dazu behandele ich sie aus einer wissensgeschichtlichen und wissenssoziologischen Perspektive gemeinsam hinsichtlich ihrer Selektionsleistungen, Beobachtungsinstrumente und Beschreibungsebenen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die zunehmende Spezifizierung und Ausdehnung der ökonomischen Dimension von Arbeitstätigkeiten, die durch die Ordnungstechniken der inter/nationalen Statistik, verstärkt nach 1945, forciert werden. Diese Verschiebungen, so das Argument, sind eng mit dem Aufstieg des technischen Wissens im „technical internationalism“ verbunden, die nach 1945 das statistische und das Alltagsverständnis von der wirtschaftlich nichtaktiven Haushaltsarbeit bekräftigen.
Leveraging inner sustainability through cross-cultural learning: evidence from a Quichua field school in Ecuador
Authors: Gray Konrad , Manuel-Navarrete David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInner worlds and subjectivity are increasingly recognized as key dimensions of sustainability transformations. This paper explores the potential of cross-cultural learning and Indigenous knowledge as deep leverage points—hard to pull but truly transformative—for inner world sustainability transformations. In this exploratory study we propose a theoretical model of the inner transformation–sustainability nexus based on three distinctive inside-out pathways of transformation. Each pathway is activated at the inner world of individuals and cascades through the outer levels (individual and collective) of the iceberg model, ultimately resulting in transformations of the individual’s relationship with others, non-humans, or oneself. Our main purpose is to empirically investigate the activation of inner leverage points among graduate students who are alumni of an Indigenous language field school in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Semi-structured interviews designed around three core aspects—(1) human–nature relationships; (2) subjective change; and (3) acknowledgment for Indigenous culture—yielded expressions of becoming aware of new forms of relationships and empirically illustrate the roles of deep leverage points in triggering the three inside-out pathways of our model. A strategic focus on activating inner levers could increase the effectiveness of cross-cultural learning in fostering transformations in relationships with non-humans, oneself and others that may yield sustainability outcomes.
Aluminum Recovery from White Aluminum Dross by a Mechanically Activated Phase Separation and Remelting Process
Authors: Kudyba Artur , Akhtar Shahid , Johansen Inge , Safarian Jafar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aluminum recovery from white aluminum dross by a mechanical treatment and sizing followed by remelting process was investigated. The dross was subjected to a ball mill, and the obtained particles were sized in different ranges. They were studied by advanced materials characterization techniques. It was found that the larger particles contain high metallic portions, and most non-metallic components of the dross are in the fine fraction < 1 mm. The Al-rich particles (> 1 mm) were remelted at 900°C to recover aluminum. It was found that the metal structure after remelting is homogeneous and consisted of a dominant metallic aluminum matrix, containing an average of > 96% Al with around 99% total metallic components. The results show that the applied method is a good economic alternative for the aluminum recovery from white dross, which is important for the valorization/recycling of industrial waste and circular economy.
A new framework for teaching scientific reasoning to students from application-oriented sciences
Authors: Vaesen Krist , Houkes Wybo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbout three decades ago, the late Ronald Giere introduced a new framework for teaching scientific reasoning to science students. Giere’s framework presents a model-based alternative to the traditional statement approach—in which scientific inferences are reconstructed as explicit arguments, composed of (single-sentence) premises and a conclusion. Subsequent research in science education has shown that model-based approaches are particularly effective in teaching science students how to understand and evaluate scientific reasoning. One limitation of Giere’s framework, however, is that it covers only one type of scientific reasoning, namely the reasoning deployed in hypothesis-driven research practices. In this paper, we describe an extension of the framework. More specifically, we develop an additional model-based scheme that captures reasoning in application-oriented practices (which are very well represented in contemporary science). Our own teaching experience suggests that this extended framework is able to engage a wider audience than Giere’s original. With an eye on going beyond such anecdotal evidence, we invite our readers to test out the framework in their own teaching.
Adsorption isotherm modeling for methylene blue removal onto magnetic kaolinite clay: a comparison of two-parameter isotherms
Authors: Shikuku Victor O. , Mishra Trilochan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, kaolinite clay was modified with magnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MC) by co-precipitation with ferrous and ferric ions as iron precursors to ameliorate its textural and adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) dye uptake from synthetic wastewater at low concentrations. The adsorbents were characterized using XRD, BET surface area analysis, VSM, SEM and HRTEM. The BET surface area after chemical treatment increased from 14.616 to 26.913 m2 g−1. The saturation magnetization of Fe3O4@MC was 6.22 emu g−1 and the exhausted adsorbent recoverable by a simple magnet. Adsorption data were modeled using six nonlinear two-parameter isotherm equations, namely Freundlich, Temkin, Fowler–Guggenheim, Elovich, Flory–Huggins and Langmuir model, and the best-fitting model arrived at using three mathematical error functions. MB adsorption onto unmodified clay was best described by the Fowler–Guggenheim isotherm, whereas MB adsorption onto Fe3O4@MC was best described by the Freundlich model. Increase in BET surface area increased the theoretical and experimental maximum adsorption capacity
Effect of immigration time and beetle density on development of the cabbage stem flea beetle, (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) and damage potential in winter oilseed rape
Authors: Conrad Nils , Brandes Meike , Ulber Bernd , Heimbach Udo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a semi-field net cage experiment set up in three growing seasons (2015–2018) at Julius-Kühn Institute Braunschweig, Germany, the influence of different release times of adult cabbage stem flea beetles, Psylliodes chrysocephala (early September, mid-September, early October) and different beetle densities (6.7, 13.3 and 20 beetles/m2) on reproduction and damage potential in winter oil seed rape was investigated. In parallel to the cage trials, the number of deposited eggs was assessed in small boxes exposed in the field. Beetles released in early September laid significantly more eggs compared to beetles released early October, with a maximum of 270 eggs per female. The early release of beetles resulted in significantly higher numbers of larvae in autumn, but this differed significantly between the years. Warm autumn or winter conditions led to continued egg laying and development, whereas cold conditions stopped the reproduction. Significant yield losses (25%) and significant plant losses during winter were only found in 2016/17 in treatments with an early release of high numbers of beetles (20 beetles /m2). The German damage threshold of 3–5 larvae per plant was reached when 13 beetles/m2 were released before 20th September and 20 beetles per m2 after 20th September. Data of this study can be used for a better damage prediction and a more targeted beetle control.
Process system analysis on oil processing facility and economic viability from oil well-to-tank
Authors: kazmi Bilal , Taqvi Syed Ali Ammar , Naqvi Muhammad , Ilyas Suhaib Umer , Moshin Ali , Inamullah Farah , Naqvi Salman R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrocarbon processing from extraction to the final product is an important aspect that needs an optimised technology for consumption-led market growth. This study investigated real data from the oil processing facility and analysed the simulation model for the entire crude oil processing unit based on the process system engineering aspect using Aspen HYSYS. The study mainly emphasises the process optimisation in processing the hydrocarbon for the maximum yield of the product with less energy consumption. The investigation also includes a thorough economic analysis of the processing facility. The datasets for oil properties are obtained from a modern petroleum refinery. The investigation comprises of varying transient conditions, such as well shutdowns using three oil reservoirs (low, intermediate, and heavy oil). The impact of various conditions, including process heating, well shutdown, oil combinations, presence of water on the production, is analysed. The results indicate that the factors involving crude oil processing are significantly affected by the process conditions, such as pressure, volume, and temperature. The vapour recovery unit is integrated with the oil processing model to recover the separator's gas. The optimisation analysis is performed to maximise the liquid recovery with Reid vapour pressure of 7 and minimum water content in oil around 0.5%. Economic analysis provided an overall capital cost of $ 9.7 × 106 and an operating cost of $2.1 × 106 for the process configuration. The model results further investigate the constraints that maximise the overall energy consumption of the process and reduce the operational cost.