bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of two seismic energy dissipation solutions in the case of a steel structure
Authors: Tepes-Onea F , Vintila D , Tudose C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present paper aims at the comparative analysis of two seismic energy dissipation solutions for a steel structure in frames. We opted for non-braced frames and centrally braced frames. In the case of unbroken frames, the resistance structure consists of steel beams and columns. Potential plastic areas are formed mainly at the ends of the rulers and, to a lesser extent, in columns. Horizontal actions are mainly taken by bending the structural elements. To ensure the most efficient observance of the rigidity requirements for lateral actions, the solution of the rigid beam-column joint is required. The use of the concept of weak beam-strong column leads to the appearance of plastic joints in the beams, close to their joints with the columns. Centric braced frames can take over the horizontal actions, which are manifested in their plane, through axial forces. Energy dissipation occurs mainly by plasticizing the extended diagonals. The comparative analysis consists of highlighting the results obtained from the structural calculation with the help of a commercial automatic calculation program for the two solutions: non-braced frames and centrally braced frames. An office building with 2 levels was analyzed, located in Constanta, where the two types of the staff were provided in turn. The obtained results will be compared from the point of view of the amount of steel used, so from the economic point of view. Another comparison refers to the displacements to SLS and SLU and to the seismic energy dissipation capacity. Finally, another possible comparison refers to the over-resistance of the structural system.
The influence of calcination temperature on the optical, morphological properties and photocatalytic activity of lanthanum orthoferrite
Authors: Aisyah Jamaludin Nur , Aziz Farhana , Yusof Norhaniza , Jaafar Juhana , Norharyati Wan Salleh Wan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of calcination temperature towards the optical, morphological properties and photocatalytic degradation performance of the synthesized LaFeO3 were investigated. The precursor and synthesized LaFeO3 calcined at 500-900 ºC were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized LaFeO3 was performed on oily wastewater. The photocatalytic degradation performance of LaFeO3-600 is 67%, 72% and 63% for 1000ppm, 10000ppm and 20000ppm respectively. This study verified that calcination temperatures have a major impact on the optical, structural and morphological properties of nanoparticles.
Review on recent advance biosynthesis of TiO2nanoparticles from plant-mediated materials: characterization, mechanism and application
Authors: Syamsol Bahri Syamsutajri , Harun Zawati , Khadijah Hubadillah Siti , Norhayati Wan Salleh Wan , Rosman Nurafiqah , Hasliza Kamaruddin Noor , Hafeez Azhar Faiz , Sazali Norsuhailizah , Adiba Raja Ahmad Raja , Basri Hatijah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTitanium dioxide, TiO2nanoparticles are being utilized in various application of science and technology including membrane, medical, electrical and chemical field for their respective worth which generally attributed to the self-cleaning and photocatalytic ability, good band gap, an antibacterial as well as physical and chemical stability. As commonly known conventional TiO2nanoparticles synthesized using chemicals as reducing agents has become accountable for various biological risks due to their general toxicity, thus engendering the serious concern in developing environment friendly processes. Naturally derived products, such as extracts of plants that composed of biomolecules, have been used intensively recently as a reductant agent, that also sometimes can be acting as capping agents after synthesis process. These natural biomolecules mostly consisted of polyphenols have been identified to be actively play a role in this biosynthesis of nanoparticles from any plants extract that able to form different shapes and sizes of nanoparticles with better surface reactive area, characteristic and properties. Therefore, biosynthesis can be considered as a driving force for the greener, safe and environmentally friendly for many applications that have used TiO2particles either used as additive, purely or in composite form. The present review targets on the ‘greener’ routes of synthesis TiO2nanoparticles with an emphasis on experimental conditions based on sustainable methodologies and also explores the huge plant diversity to be utilized. The use of ‘greener’ not only reduces the cost of synthesis but also minimizes the need of using hazardous chemicals and stimulates green synthesis. This review also focuses on aspects characteristic and properties that generated from the output of this green process that make it strongly applicable to certain applications as for binding of biomolecules, to the biosynthesized is significantly benefit to biomedical fields. It is expected that these outstanding findings will encourage researchers and attract newcomers to continue and extend the exploration of possibilities offered by nature and the design of innovative and safer methodologies towards the synthesis of nanomaterials, possessing desired features and exhibiting valuable properties that can be exploited in a profusion of fields.
Flow pattern, pressure drop and inclination analysis on liquid-liquid two phase flow of waxy crude oil in pipelines using PIPESIM
Authors: Alpandi A H , Mazeli A H , Sidek A , Husin H , Junin R , Jaafar M Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Produced water is a water that comes out with the crude oil during the production of the well. It contains non-soluble and soluble oil or organics, dissolved and suspended solids with different chemicals used during production process. Thus, it must be properly accounted as it affects the economical productivity of crude oil and separation efficiency as a result of stubborn emulsions between crude oil and water. Thus, a simulation study was conducted using PIPESIM to predict the flow pattern and pressure drop of waxy crude oil and water flow in horizontal and inclined pipelines (i.e., -15° from horizontal). In this simulation study, water cuts were ranging from 0% to 90% while the flow rates were ranging from 2.03 to 16.21 cm3/s. The study comprised fluid modelling, physical modelling and running the simulation with the most suitable multiphase flow correlation in PIPESIM. This simulation study used the waxy crude oil has 16.15% of wax content and simulation was performed at 30°C. The validity of the simulation results was accomplished by comparing the published findings. There were only two types of flow patterns that can be identified by PIPESIM; stratified wavy and dispersed flow. The investigations proved that pressure drop was greatly influenced by flow rates and flow patterns. By decreasing the inclination angle, the boundary between the stratified and dispersed flow regimes shifted to the upper left of the flow pattern map while showing a higher pressure drop than horizontal pipeline due to the combined effect of pressure difference and gravity. The simulation results can be used as a platform for better understanding on more complex cases of gas, oil and water concurrent flow in pipelines.
Ionic Conductivity and Structural Properties for CMC - AN in Propylene Carbonate as Plasticizer in Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ahmad N.H. , Nurhafizah H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the structural and ionic conductivity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - ammonium nitrate (AN) – propylene carbonate (PC) as proton conducting polymer electrolytes. The CMC-AN-PC were prepared via solution casting technique. The complexion of polymer electrolyte films has been confirmed via FTIR studies. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the occurrence of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components. Impedance studies reveals that the highest ionic conductivity of CMC-AN-5wt% PC 6.5 × 10−3 Scm−1 was observed in polymer electrolyte system obtained at ambient temperature.
Textile dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) removal by visible light photocatalyst and its characterization
Authors: Mohamed Noor S H , Othman M H D , Jaafar J , Rahman M A , Ismail A F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Visible light photocatalysis is now a subject of interest for researchers to explore further in the treatment of wastewater as it can save costs and be environmentally friendly. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) is one of the photocatalysts of visible light that has excellent properties and a low band gap. The toxicity and carcinogenicity of textile industry effluent containing predominantly textile dyes disturbs the environment. In this study, the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5), the most used dyes with CdS as visible light photocatalyst, was tested. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectrophotometers and photocatalytic tests under visible light, the physical and chemical properties of CdS were characterised. CdS has an irregular shape and this can be demonstrated through SEM. The band gap obtained was 2.12 eV and this was associated with the degradation efficiency of CdS under visible light as it can degrade RB5 after 360 minutes of exposure by up to 80 percent. This study proves that CdS is a strong photocatalyst of visible light that has a small band gap and crystalline particles.
Cancer Risk in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study With Histopathology
Authors: Sharma Rajani , Verna Elizabeth C , Simon Tracey G , Söderling Jonas , Hagström Hannes , Green Peter H R , Ludvigsson Jonas F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We aimed to determine the risk of incident cancer in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) compared with the general population and siblings. AIH was defined by the presence of a medical diagnosis of AIH and results of examination of a liver biopsy specimen in a nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study. We identified 5,268 adults with AIH diagnosed during 1969–2016 and 22,996 matched, general population, reference individuals and 4,170 sibling comparators. Using Cox regression, hazard ratios were determined for any incident cancer, and subtypes were determined from the Swedish Cancer Register. During follow-up, a cancer diagnosis was made in 1,119 individuals with AIH (17.2 per 1,000 person-years) and 4,450 reference individuals (12.0 per 1,000 person-years). This corresponded to a hazard ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.42, 1.66). Cancer risk was highest in those with cirrhosis. There was a 29.18-fold increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (95% confidence interval: 17.52, 48.61). The annual incidence risk of HCC in individuals with AIH who had cirrhosis was 1.1% per year. AIH was also linked to nonmelanoma skin cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.69) and lymphoma (HR = 1.89). Sibling analyses yielded similar risk estimates for any cancer (HR = 1.84) and HCC (HR = 23.10). AIH is associated with an increased risk of any cancer, in particular, HCC and extrahepatic malignancies. The highest risk for cancer, especially HCC, is in patients with cirrhosis.
The Longitudinal Association Between Retirement and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Wentao , Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , He Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to collect evidence of the relationship between retirement and depression through meta-analysis and further analyze the heterogeneity of results. The quality of the studies was rated based on 10 predefined criteria. We searched for articles published between 1980 and 2020, and a total of 25 longitudinal studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that retirement was associated with more depressive symptoms (d = 0.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.008, 0.080). The association of more depressive symptoms with involuntary retirement (d = 0.180, 95% CI: 0.061, 0.299) was stronger than with voluntary retirement (d = 0.086, 95% CI: −0.018, 0.190) and regulatory retirement (d = 0.009, 95% CI: −0.079, 0.097). Retirement was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in Eastern developed countries (d = 0.126, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.210), and the association was stronger than that in Western developed countries (d = 0.016, 95% CI: −0.023, 0.055). We found that the transition to retirement was associated with higher risk of depression, and this association varied by the type of retirement and country. Further empirical studies are needed to explore the mechanism of retirement and depression and whether such an association is linked with socioeconomic position.
Application of omics research in seaweeds with a focus on red seaweeds
Authors: Patwary Zubaida P , Paul Nicholas A , Nishitsuji Koki , Campbell Alexandra H , Shoguchi Eiichi , Zhao Min , Cummins Scott F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Targeted ‘omics’ research for seaweeds, utilizing various computational and informatics frameworks, has the potential to rapidly develop our understanding of biological processes at the molecular level and contribute to solutions for the most pressing environmental and social issues of our time. Here, a systematic review into the current status of seaweed omics research was undertaken to evaluate the biological diversity of seaweed species investigated (red, green and brown phyla), the levels to which the work was undertaken (from full genome to transcripts, proteins or metabolites) and the field of research to which it has contributed. We report that from 1994 to 2021 the majority of seaweed omics research has been performed on the red seaweeds (45% of total studies), with more than half of these studies based upon two genera Pyropia and Gracilaria. A smaller number of studies examined brown seaweed (key genera Saccharina and Sargassum) and green seaweed (primarily Ulva). Overall, seaweed omics research is most highly associated with the field of evolution (46% of total studies), followed by the fields of ecology, natural products and their biosynthesis, omics methodology and seaweed–microbe interactions. Synthesis and specific outcomes derived from omics studies in the red seaweeds are provided. Together, these studies have provided a broad-scale interrogation of seaweeds, facilitating our ability to answer fundamental queries and develop applied outcomes. Crucial to the next steps will be establishing analytical tools and databases that can be more broadly utilized by practitioners and researchers across the globe because of their shared interest in the key seaweed genera.
Null models for null hypotheses in taxonomy: a test using Scyphozoa
Authors: Brown Michael K , Gibbons Mark J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although molecular tools are becoming more important in the delineation of scyphozoan species there is, perforce, a need to substantiate new species definitions using morphological data. Access to type material is often difficult and detailed, raw morphometric data are rarely provided in older type descriptions, which makes comparisons of new with old challenging. Here, we use null models based on simple measures of central tendency to generate morphometric data sets for four species of Aurelia, three species of Chrysaora and two species of Crambionella. The results of PERMANOVA and CAP analyses indicate no significant differences between random and real data within species, but significant differences between congeneric species (null or real), suggesting that this multivariate approach may be a useful tool for defining species when comparative data are scant.
O13: TUMOUR STROMAL CELLS - A CULPRIT IN BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: O'Connor DJ , Kerin MJ , Barkley LR 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The goal of neoadjuvant chemothepaeutics(NACs) and surgical excision of breast cancer is to control and ultimately eliminate the malignant tumour. Despite advances in treatment, a subset of patients will develop disease recurrence. Tumour stromal cells(TSCs) are non-cancerous cells that support malignancy within the tumour microenvironment(TME). In particular, TSCs can suppress the host immune response to tumour. It is unclear if NACs affect the survival of–or alter the immunosuppressive functions of TSCs in breast cancer patients and if this correlates with recurrance or chemoresistance?

Method
TSCs and Tumour Associated Normal Stromal Cells(TANs) were isolated from tissue harvested from breast cancer patients at surgery. Clonogenic survival assays were performed following exposure to increasing doses of Paclitaxel (range 0-1000nM), Cyclophosphamide (range 0-3μM) and Doxorubicin (0-100nM). TSCs were co-cultured with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to determine the effect of chemotherapeutics on their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation.

Result
TSCs(n=5) are less susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy compared to TANs with 21%(p-0.0001), 21%(p-0.001) and 15%(p-0.026) more colonies across all doses of Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide and Doxorubicin respectively. Chemo naïve TSCs suppressed CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell proliferation by 44% and 20.5% respectively(p-0.001, p-0.042). Interestingly, Paclitaxel-treated TSCs suppressed CD4+ proliferation by a further 11.1%(p-0.047) and CD8+ proliferation by 35.6%(p-0.017). Additionally, Cyclophosphamide-treated TSCs enhanced CD8+ suppression by 25.6%(p-0.029).

Conclusion
Our data indicate that NACs enhance the immunosuppressive function of TSCs - potentially creating an immune inert TME in vivo. Future studies will explore the correlation between NAC treatment, immunosuppressive activities within patient tumours/blood and recurrence.

Take-home message
After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Tumour stromal cells are highly immunosuppressive and may contribute to breast cancer recurrence.
O17: HYALURONIC ACID DEPENDENT ADHESION IN COLORECTAL CANCER PERITONEAL METASTASIS
Authors: Soliman F , Ye L , Jiang W , Hargest R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Peritoneal Metastasis (PM) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) undoubtedly remains a challenge to treat and often portends a poor prognosis for patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is found throughout the body, including coating of the peritoneum. Interaction of HA with HA-dependent adhesion molecules can facilitate cell adhesion within the peritoneum. HA may play a role in spread of PM in CRC in association with known HA-receptor molecules CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-1.

Method
Expression of HA-dependent and HA-independent adhesion molecules were examined in CRC using tissue microarray datasets and matched to clinicopathological data. In-vitro peritoneal modelling assessed cellular adhesion when treated with a competitive HA-inhibitor (HAi) or excess exogenous HA. An in-vivo Xenograft peritoneal model, using CD1 nude mice injected with CRC cells, were treated with either HAi or excess exogenous HA and compared to a control (PPL: PE9445FC2).

Result
There is a significant increase in expression of HA-dependent adhesion molecules seen in CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-1 in CRC (p=&lt;0.0001). Whilst Non-HA-dependent adhesion molecules demonstrated either significant downregulation or no expression difference. Cellular adhesion was decreased in three CRC cell lines when treated with HAi or excess HA. Treatment with HAi and HA in-vivo confirmed a significant reduction in PM, compared to controls (HAi p=0.0094, HA p=0.0009).

Conclusion
HA-dependent adhesion molecules and HA appear to play a role in CRC. Targeting HA-dependent interaction in CRC influences cellular adhesion and may have a potential therapeutic use in treatment of PM in CRC. Further in-vitro and in vivo modelling is needed.

Take-home message
HA receptor adhesion molecules CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-1 have all been independently implicated in adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer. Targeting HA receptor interaction appears to reduce peritoneal dissemination in colorectal cancer.
O18: AN EXPLORATION OF THE GENOME OF MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Reynolds IS , O'Connell E , Fichtner M , McNamara DA , Kay EW , Prehn JHM , Furney SJ , Burke JP 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) of the rectum accounts for 5-15% of rectal cancers. This histological subtype has been shown to have a worse response to chemoradiotherapy and worse long term outcomes when compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA). The aim of this study was to compare the genomic landscape of rectal MA to rectal NMA.

Method
Using the BGISEQ PE100 platform, paired end whole genome sequencing was carried out on tumour and matched normal tissue from cases of MA. The Cancer Genome Atlas was interrogated to identify further cases of rectal MA and cases of rectal NMA with sequencing data that could be used as a control group. In-depth bioinformatic analysis was undertaken and the genomic landscapes of the two subtypes were compared.

Result
A total of 14 cases of MA were compared to 74 cases of NMA. The microsatellite instability-high rate in the MA group was 14.29% vs 4.05% in the NMA group. POLE mutations were found in 5.41% of the NMA group compared to 0.00% of the MA group. KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in the MA group whereas TP53 and APC mutations were more common in the NMA group. Significant differences between the groups were identified in the most frequently mutated genes. Copy number alteration, mutational signatures, structural variation and microbiome findings will also be described.

Conclusion
MA of the rectum is not just phenotypically distinct, it is a distinct genotype. This could have implications when considering neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies in the future.

Take-home message
Mucinous adenocarcinoma differs from a genomic perspective from non-mucinous adenocarcinoma and this may have implications for treatment strategies in the future