bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the social environment on movement-integrated habitat selection
Authors: Webber Quinn M.R. , Prokopenko Christina M. , Kingdon Katrien A. , Turner Julie W. , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMovement links the distribution of habitats with the social environment of animals using those habitats; yet integrating movement, habitat selection, and socioecology remains an opportunity for further study.Here, our objective was to disentangle the roles of habitat selection and social association as drivers of collective movement in a gregarious ungulate. To accomplish this objective, we (1) assessed whether socially familiar individuals form discrete social communities and whether social communities have high spatial, but not necessarily temporal, overlap; and (2) we modelled the relationship between collective movement and selection of foraging habitats using socially informed integrated step selection analysis.We used social network analysis to assign individuals to social communities and determine short and long-term social preference among individuals. Using integrated step selection functions (iSSF), we then modelled the effect of social processes, i.e., nearest neighbour distance and social preference, and movement behaviour on patterns of habitat selection.Based on assignment of individuals to social communities and home range overlap analyses, individuals assorted into discrete social communities, and these communities had high spatial overlap. By unifying social network analysis with iSSF, we identified movement-dependent social association, where individuals foraged with more familiar individuals, but moved collectively with any between foraging patches.Our study demonstrates that social behaviour and space use are inter-related based on spatial overlap of social communities and movement-dependent habitat selection. Movement, habitat selection, and social behaviour are linked in theory. Here, we put these concepts into practice to demonstrate that movement is the glue connecting individual habitat selection to the social environment.
Retrospective Study on the Health Problems of Falcons in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hemeiri Maryam Abdullah Al , de la Torre Abraham Arias , Mohteshamuddin Khaja , Degafa Berhanu Adenew , Ameni Gobena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFalcons are important animals in sociocultural events of the society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like any other birds, falcons can be affected by different health problems. This study was conducted to investigate the major health problems of falcons presented to the City Vet Clinic in Al Ain during 2019.MethodsData were extracted from the records of 906 falcons presented to City Vet Clinic in 2019. Data extraction was made on the diagnostic methods used, diagnosed health problems and the type of treatment/veterinary services given to falcons. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of health problems detected in falcons presented to City Vet Clinic in 2019 was 26.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 23.6-29.5%). The most incident health problems were ingluvitis (inflammation of crop), aspergillosis and bacterial enteritis with incidence rates of 8.1% (95%CI: 6.4–10.0%), 5.8% (95%CI: 4.4-7.6%) and 2.4% (95%CI: 1.5-3.7%), respectively. The relationship between the number of cases of falcon and months was polynomial with a regression (R2) of 42% indicating that only 42% of the variation in the number cases could be explained by monthly variation. The three main medical treatments given for the diagnosed health problems included antibiotics, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic with frequencies of 46.3% (95%CI: 39.8-52.8%), 21.7% (95%CI: 16.6-27.4%) and 12.0% (95%CI: 8.2-16.9%), respectively.ConclusionThe major health problems of falcons were ingluvitis, aspergillosis and bacterial enteritis. Infections that occur in falcons can also be transmitted to owners. Therefore, regular check-up and control of diseases of falcons is recommended.
Macropinosomes host TLR9 signaling and regulation of inflammatory responses in microglia
Authors: Hung Yu , Tuladhar Neeraj , Xiao Zhi-jian , Tong Samuel J , Vukovic Jana , Luo Lin , Wall Adam A , Stow Jennifer L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo support their innate immune and scavenging functions in the brain, microglia are equipped with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), including the intracellular receptor TLR9, which is activated by microbial CpG-rich DNA. Macropinocytosis is an abundant and inducible pathway in microglia for fluid-phase uptake and ingestion of microbes and cell debris. TLR9 signaling has been ascribed to endolysosomes, particularly lysosomes, which it accesses through direct transport or via internalization from the surface. Here, TLR9 and exogenous CpG-DNA are localized during uptake into fluid-filled macropinosomes, upon upregulated macropinocytosis, where acidic and proteolytic environments support MyD88-induced signaling. Macropinosomes represent an abundant pathway for endolysosomal traffic of TLR9 but are also a much more exposed site for nucleic acid activation of the receptor with a risk of excessive inflammation. To constrain TLR9 inflammation, macropinosomes also house the TLR9 co-receptor LRP1 and regulators Rab8a and PI3Kγ which augment Akt signaling and favor anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Macropinosomes and their inflammatory regulators are therefore important components of TLR9 pathways in microglia that are poised for surveillance and protection in the CNS.
Impulsivity and Emotional Dysregulation Predict Choice Behavior During a Competitive Multiplayer Game in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Parr A.C. , Calancie O.G. , Coe B. , Khalid-Khan S. , Munoz D.P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImpulsivity and emotional dysregulation are two core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and the neural mechanisms recruited during mixed-strategy interactions overlap with frontolimbic networks that have been implicated in BPD. We investigated strategic choice patterns during the classic two-player game, Matching Pennies, where the most efficient strategy is to choose each option randomly from trial-to-trial to avoid exploitation by one’s opponent. Twenty-seven female adolescents with BPD (mean age: 16 years) and twenty-seven age-matched female controls (mean age: 16 years) participated in an experiment that explored the relationship between strategic choice behavior and impulsivity in both groups and emotional dysregulation in BPD. Relative to controls, BPD participants showed fewer reinforcement learning biases, increased coefficient of variation in reaction times (CV), and more anticipatory decisions. A subset of BPD participants characterized by high levels of impulsivity and emotional dysregulation showed increased reward rate, increased entropy in choice patterns, decreased CV, and fewer anticipatory decisions relative to participants with lower indices, and emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between impulsivity and CV in BPD. Finally, exploratory analyses revealed that increased vigilance to outcome was associated with higher reward rates, decreased variability in SRT, and fewer anticipatory decisions. In BPD, higher levels of emotion dysregulation corresponded to increased vigilance to outcome, and mediated its relationship with choice behavior. Together, our results suggest that impulsivity and emotional dysregulation contribute to variability in mixed-strategy decision-making in BPD, the latter of which may influence choice behavior by increasing attention to outcome information during the task.
Murine ex vivo cultured alveolar macrophages provide a novel tool to study tissue-resident macrophage behavior and function
Authors: Gorki A.-D. , Symmank D. , Zahalka S. , Lakovits K. , Hladik A. , Langer B. , Maurer B. , Sexl V. , Kain R. , Knapp S. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYTissue-resident macrophages are of vital importance as they preserve tissue homeostasis in all mammalian organs. Nevertheless, appropriate cell culture models are still limited. Here, we propose a novel culture model to study and expand murine primary alveolar macrophages (AMs), the tissue-resident macrophages of the lung, in vitro over several months. By providing a combination of GM-CSF, TGFβ and the PPARγ activator rosiglitazone, we maintain and expand mouse ex vivo cultured AMs, short mexAMs, over several months. MexAMs maintain typical morphologic features and stably express primary AM surface markers throughout in vitro culture. They respond to microbial ligands and exhibit an AM-like transcriptional profile, including the expression of AM specific transcription factors. Furthermore, when transferred into AM deficient mice, mexAMs efficiently engraft in the lung and fulfill key macrophage functions leading to a significantly reduced surfactant load in those mice. Altogether, mexAMs provide a novel, simple and versatile tool to study AM behavior in homeostasis and disease settings.KEYPOINTSA novel method to culture and expand primary alveolar macrophages over several months ex vivoMurine ex vivo cultured alveolar macrophages (mexAMs) restore lung function in a murine pulmonary alveolar proteinosis model
Local thermodynamics governs the formation and dissolution of protein condensates in living cells
Authors: Fritsch Anatol W. , Diaz-Delgadillo Andrés F. , Adame-Arana Omar , Hoege Carsten , Mittasch Matthäus , Kreysing Moritz , Leaver Mark , Hyman Anthony A. , Jülicher Frank , Weber Christoph A. 
Published: February 2021

Membraneless compartments, also known as condensates, provide chemically distinct environments and thus spatially organize the cell. A well-studied example of condensates is P granules in the roundwormC. eleganswhich play an important role in the development of the germline. P granules are RNA-rich protein condensates that share the key properties of liquid droplets such as a spherical shape, the ability to fuse, and fast diffusion of their molecular components. An outstanding question is to what extent phase separation at thermodynamic equilibrium is appropriate to describe the formation of condensates in an active cellular environment. To address this question, we investigate the response of P granule condensates in living cells to temperature changes. We observe that P granules dissolve upon increasing the temperature and recondense upon lowering the temperature in a reversible manner. Strikingly, this temperature response can be captured byin vivophase diagrams which are well described by a Flory-Huggins model at thermodynamic equilibrium. This finding is surprising due to active processes in a living cell. To address the impact of such active processes on intra-cellular phase separation, we discuss temperature heterogeneities. We show that, for typical estimates of the density of active processes, temperature represents a well-defined variable and that mesoscopic volume elements are at local thermodynamic equilibrium. Our findings provide strong evidence that P granule assembly and disassembly are governed by phase separation based on local thermal equilibria where the non-equilibrium nature of the cytoplasm is manifested on larger scales.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLiving cells rely on a continuous flux of energy to spatially organize biochemical processes. It remained unclear whether cells can achieve this spatial organization via thermodynamic principles. Here, we report the striking behavior of a cold-blooded organism that reacts to environmental temperature changes similar to a thermodynamic system at local equilibrium. Our key finding is that protein-rich droplets form and dissolve reversibly with temperature due to changes in the organism?s entropy. We show that the organism uses a specific molecule to extend droplet stability to the natural temperature range of the organism’s habitat. Due to the relevance of such protein droplets for the organism?s fertility, our works shed light on how molecular components could facilitate biological functions via thermodynamic principles.
A rationalized definition of general tumor suppressor microRNAs excludes miR-34a
Authors: Mockly Sophie , Houbron Élisabeth , Seitz Hervé 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors, a consensual definition of tumor suppressing miRNAs is still missing. Similarly to coding genes, we propose that tumor suppressor miRNAs must show evidence of genetic or epigenetic inactivation in cancers, and exhibit an anti-tumorigenic(e.g.,anti-proliferative) activity under endogenous expression levels. Here we observe that this definition excludes the most extensively studied tumor suppressor candidate miRNA, miR-34a. In analyzable cancer types, miR-34a does not appear to be down-regulated in primary tumors relatively to normal adjacent tissues. Deletion ofmiR-34ais occasionally found in human cancers, but it does not seem to be driven by an anti-tumorigenic activity of the miRNA, since it is not observed upon smaller,miR-34a-specificalterations. Its anti-proliferative action was observed upon large, supra-physiological transfection of synthetic miR-34a in cultured cells, and our data indicates that endogenous miR-34a levels do not have such an effect. Our results therefore argue against a general tumor suppressive function for miR-34a, providing an explanation to the lack of efficiency of synthetic miR-34a administration against solid tumors.
Seasonal Abundance and Spatial Pattern of Distribution ofLiriomyza trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Its Parasitoid on Bean and Squash in South Florida
Authors: Devkota Shashan , Seal Dakshina R. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAmerican serpentine leafminer,Liriomyza trifolii, is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on a wide range of vegetable and ornamental plants around the world. To develop an effective IPM program, information on the seasonal field distribution and population dynamics of leafminer and its parasitoids is very important. Therefore, seasonal abundances and spatial distributions of,L. trifoliion snap bean and squash were studied during four crop growing periods between 2013 to 2015 in Homestead, Florida. The mean numbers of mines, larvae, pupae, emerged adults, and parasitoids on snap bean were highest at 2 weeks after planting during all four growing periods. Whereas, the mean numbers of mines, larvae, pupae, emerged adults, and parasitoids on squash were highest at 3 weeks after planting during all four growing periods.L. trifoliidistributions tended to be aggregated (1 <b/β) on snap bean at 2 weeks after planting during all four growing periods but had uniform (1 >b/β) distributions on squash at 2 weeks after planting during all four growing periods. Similar results were seen on the distribution of leafminer parasitoids on both bean and squash.
Environmental responsiveness of flowering time in cassava genotypes and associated transcriptome changes
Authors: Oluwasanya Deborah N. , Gisel Andreas , Stavolone Livia , Setter Tim L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCassava is an important food security crop in tropical regions of the world. Cassava improvement by breeding is limited by its delayed and poor production of flowers, such that cassava flowering under field conditions indirectly lengthens the breeding cycle. By studying genotype and environment interaction under two Nigerian field conditions (Ubiaja and Ibadan) and three controlled temperature conditions (22°C/18°C, 28/24°C and 34/30°C (day/night)), we found that while early flowering genotypes flowered at similar times and rates under all growing conditions (unfavorable and favorable field and controlled-temperature environments), late flowering genotypes were environmentally sensitive such that they were substantially delayed in unfavorable environments. Flowering times of late genotypes approached the flowering time of early flowering genotypes under relatively cool Ubiaja field conditions and in growth chambers at 22°C, whereas warmer temperatures elicited a delaying effect. Analysis of field and controlled temperature transcriptomes in leaves revealed that conditions that promote early flowering in cassava have low expression of the flowering repressor gene TEMPRANILLO 1 (TEM1), before and after flowering, among others. Field transcriptomes showed that the balance between flower promoting and inhibitory signaling, appeared to correlate with flowering time across the environments and genotypes.
Extensive introgression among North American wild grapes (Vitis) fuels biotic and abiotic adaptation
Authors: Morales-Cruz Abraham , Aguirre-Liguori Jonas , Zhou Yongfeng , Minio Andrea , Riaz Summaira , Walker Andrew M. , Cantu Dario , Gaut Brandon S. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntrogressive hybridization can introduce adaptive genetic variation into a species or population. To evaluate the evolutionary forces that contribute to introgression, we studied sixVitisspecies that are native to the Southwestern United States and potentially useful for breeding grapevine (V. vinifera) rootstocks. By creating a reference genome from one wild species,V. arizonica, and by resequencing 130 accessions, we focused on identifying putatively introgressed regions (pIRs) between species. We found that up to ~8% of extant genome is attributable to introgression between species. The pIRs tended to be gene poor, located in regions of high recombination and enriched for genes implicated in disease resistance functions. To assess potential pIR function, we explored SNP associations to bioclimatic variables and to bacterial levels after infection with the causative agent of Pierce’s Disease. pIRs were enriched for SNPs associated with both climate and bacterial levels, suggesting potential drivers of adaptive events. Altogether, this study yields insights into the genomic extent of introgression, potential pressures that shape adaptive introgression, and the history of economically important wild relatives of a critical crop.
A combination of cross-neutralizing antibodies synergizes to prevent SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudovirus infection
Authors: Liu Hejun , Yuan Meng , Huang Deli , Bangaru Sandhya , Lee Chang-Chun D. , Peng Linghang , Zhu Xueyong , Nemazee David , van Gils Marit J. , Sanders Rogier W. , Kornau Hans-Christian , Reincke S. Momsen , Prüss Harald , Kreye Jakob , Wu Nicholas C. , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCoronaviruses have caused several epidemics and pandemics including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have already showed striking effectiveness against COVID-19. Nevertheless, concerns remain about antigenic drift in SARS-CoV-2 as well as threats from other sarbecoviruses. Cross-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses provide opportunities to address such concerns. Here, we report on crystal structures of a cross-neutralizing antibody CV38-142 in complex with the receptor binding domains from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Our structural findings provide mechanistic insights into how this antibody can accommodate antigenic variation in these viruses. CV38-142 synergizes with other cross-neutralizing antibodies, in particular COVA1-16, to enhance neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Overall, this study provides valuable information for vaccine and therapeutic design to address current and future antigenic drift in SARS-CoV-2 and to protect against zoonotic coronaviruses.
Is multimorbidity associated with risk of elder abuse? Findings from the AHSETS study
Authors: Kshatri Jaya Singh , Bhoi Trilochan , Barik Shakti Ranjan , Palo Subrata Ku , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCommensurate with demographic and lifestyle transition, increasing magnitude of multimorbidity is common among older adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). At the same time the rising prevalence of elder abuse is concurrently observed in these populations. However, little is known about the elder abuse in the context of multimorbidity with no reports on their interplay from LMIC settings. This study examined the association of multimorbidity with the risk of elder abuse and its correlates in a rural elderly population of Odisha, India.MethodsThe data was collected as a part of our ASHETS study encompassing 725 older adults residing in rural Odisha, India. Multimorbidity was assessed by previously validated MAQ PC tool. Hwalek-Sengstock elder abuse screening test (HS-EAST) was used to assess the risk of elder abuse. Care dependence was measured by Katz index questionnaire. We performed ordinal logistic regression models to identify the correlates of elder abuse.ResultsAround 48.8% (95% CI:45.13-52.53%) older adults had multimorbidity while 33.8% (95% CI:30.35-37.35%) had some form of care dependence. Out of 725, 56.6% (CI 52.85 – 60.19%) were found to be at low-risk elder abuse and 15.9% (CI 13.27 – 18.72%) being at high-risk. The risk of elder abuse was significantly associated with multimorbidity (AOR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.54-2.21), economic dependence (AOR=1.62; 95%CI: 1.25-1.99) and functional dependence (AOR=1.86; 95%CI: 1.42-2.29). Staying alone (AOR= 1.75; 95%CI: 1.13-2.38) and lower socio-economic status (AOR=2.96; 95%CI: 2.09-3.84) were two other significant correlates.ConclusionsOlder adults with multimorbidity are at 1.88 times higher risk of elder abuse compared to their non-multimorbid counterparts. Both economic and functional dependence are associated with an increase in elder abuse. This suggests the mediating role of care dependence in the pathway to elder abuse in multimorbidity. Future geriatric multimorbidity assessment studies should consider screening for care dependence as well as elder abuse while designing integrated care models.
HIPPIE: a new platform for ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the MAX IV Laboratory
Authors: Zhu Suyun , Scardamaglia Mattia , Kundsen Jan , Sankari Rami , Tarawneh Hamed , Temperton Robert , Pickworth Louisa , Cavalca Filippo , Wang Chunlei , Tissot Héloïse , Weissenrieder Jonas , Hagman Benjamin , Gustafson Johan , Kaya Sarp , Lindgren Fredrik , Källquist Ida , Maibach Julia , Hahlin Maria , Boix Virginia , Gallo Tamires , Rehman Foqia , D'Acunto Giulio , Schnadt Joachim , Shavorskiy Andrey 
Published: February 2021

HIPPIE is a soft X-ray beamline on the 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, equipped with a novel ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) instrument. The endstation is dedicated to performing in situ and operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments in the presence of a controlled gaseous atmosphere at pressures up to 30 mbar [1 mbar = 100 Pa] as well as under ultra-high-vacuum conditions. The photon energy range is 250 to 2200 eV in planar polarization and with photon fluxes >1012 photons s−1 (500 mA ring current) at a resolving power of greater than 10000 and up to a maximum of 32000. The endstation currently provides two sample environments: a catalysis cell and an electrochemical/liquid cell. The former allows APXPS measurements of solid samples in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere (with a mixture of up to eight gases and a vapour of a liquid) and simultaneous analysis of the inlet/outlet gas composition by online mass spectrometry. The latter is a more versatile setup primarily designed for APXPS at the solid–liquid (dip-and-pull setup) or liquid–gas (liquid microjet) interfaces under full electrochemical control, and it can also be used as an open port for ad
hoc-designed non-standard APXPS experiments with different sample environments. The catalysis cell can be further equipped with an IR reflection–absorption spectrometer, allowing for simultaneous APXPS and IR spectroscopy of the samples. The endstation is set up to easily accommodate further sample environments.