bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Assimilation of FY-3E Microwave Instruments in the Yinhe Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation System
Authors: Ma Shuo , Zhao Yanlai , Zhang Weimin , Cao Xiaoqun , Ren Kaijun , Yu Yi , Li Shaoying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The world’s first operational early morning-orbit meteorological satellite, Fengyun-3E (FY-3E), launched on 5 July 2021, and has expanded global data coverage for numerical weather prediction (NWP) of 6-h assimilation windows. To determine whether the early morning orbit affects microwave observations and the benefits to NWP, radiance from FY-3E microwave instruments was assimilated into the operational global Yinhe four-dimensional variational assimilation (YH4DVAR) system. The performance of the microwave instruments was first assessed based on the statistics of background departure. The sunlight conditions have little effect on FY-3E microwave observations, and ascending and descending pass observations could be uniformly assimilated for both the Microwave Humidity Sounder-2 (MWHS-2) and the Microwave Temperature Sounder-3 (MWTS-3). The standard deviation of observation minus background (OmB) after variational bias correction increased, indicating slightly reduced performance of MWTS-3 compared with equivalent Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) channels on SNPP/NOAA-20. Based on reduced OmB mean and standard deviation values, FY-3E MWHS-2 performs better than MWHS-2 on predecessor satellites. To test the impact of FY-3E microwave observations on the operational YH4DVAR system, three NWP experiments were performed from June to August 2022. All-sky assimilation of FY-3E MWHS-2 observations in the YH4DVAR system has a neutral to positive impact on forecast skill. Assimilation of FY-3E MWTS-3 under clear-sky conditions provides little benefit to the YH4DVAR system in longer-range forecasts but improves the fit to the background of stratospheric temperature-sounding channels of ATMS and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSUA) and radiosonde temperature observations over 150–400 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere and humidity observations over 100–850 hPa.
The Relevance of Mean-State Critical Levels for the Intensification of Downslope Winds in a Coastal Mountainous Environment
Authors: Duine Gert-Jan , Carvalho Leila M. V. , Jones Charles , Thompson Callum F. , Brown William O. J. , Dumas John , Gomberg David , Hall Todd , Kittell Ryan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In wildfire-prone coastal Santa Barbara, California, downslope winds observed on the southern slopes of the east–west-oriented Santa Ynez Mountains are known as Sundowner winds (or Sundowners). One important feature of Sundowners is the remarkable spatial and temporal variability in lee-slope jet characteristics. Besides the intensity of the flow approaching the mountain range, the acceleration of the lee-slope jet can be influenced by reflected gravity waves associated with one or more of the following mechanisms: a self-induced critical level, an inversion close to mountaintop, and the presence of a mean-state critical level (MSCL). The relative contribution of these mechanisms to the enhancement of Sundowners is yet unknown. This study uses 32-yr simulations (hourly, 1-km grid spacing) complemented with observations collected during the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX) to better quantify the relative contribution of these mechanisms and to quantify the importance of MSCLs. We show that when an MSCL is present below 5 km, less atmospheric forcing is necessary to attain similar lee-slope jet strengths compared to when MSCLs are absent or above 5 km. This was evidenced from simulations and verified with observations. Although MSCLs during Sundowners occur year-round, their relative frequency increases in summer, when temperatures are high and fuels are dry, enhancing wildfire risk. Properly identifying these processes contributes to improved understanding and predictability of Sundowners and many other hazardous downslope windstorms in coastal environments.

Significance Statement
Wildfires in coastal Santa Barbara, Southern California, are among the most disruptive hazards and are influenced by strong winds that accelerate down the southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountain range. These winds are locally known as Sundowner winds, due to their appearance around sunset. Our goal is to understand how different atmospheric situations influence the surface winds at the south-facing slopes of the mountain range. We find that when the atmosphere north of this mountain range contains a wind reversal (i.e., northerly winds turning southerly aloft), weaker winds below this reversal will induce winds on the south-facing slope that are stronger than with similar upstream winds without a reversal. Our findings are relevant to improve forecasting of Sundowner winds.
Cognitive reserve predicts long-term cognitive trajectories in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maggi Gianpaolo , Altieri Manuela , Risi Mario , Rippa Valentina , Borgo Riccardo Maria , Lavorgna Luigi , Bonavita Simona , Buonanno Daniela , D’Ambrosio Alessandro , Bisecco Alvino , Santangelo Gabriella , Tessitore Alessandro , Gallo Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Background: The effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) has been partially investigated. Objectives: We aimed to explore the long-term cognitive trajectories of pwRRMS based on their CR, measured using the Vocabulary Knowledge Test (VOC). Methods: 78 pwRRMS underwent a neuropsychological evaluation at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. We carried out several mixed-design ANCOVA to test the effect of CR on longitudinal cognitive trajectories, controlling for the effects of disability and depression. Regression analyses were performed to assess the clinical predictors of longitudinal cognitive variation. Results: At follow-up, we observed improvements in cognitive scores within pwRRMS with high CR and a decline within pwRRMS with low CR. VOC scores increased at follow-up evaluation in the whole sample, and this change was associated with the female sex. VOC emerged as the only predictor of cognitive changes over time. Conclusions: CR, estimated by VOC, can increase over time by engaging in intellectually enriching activities, and may predict long-term cognitive outcomes in pwRRMS. The identification of pwRRMS with low CR, and therefore, most at risk of future cognitive decline, should prompt the implementation of CR enhancement interventions to delay the onset of cognitive impairment.
A Randomized Control Trial of a Virtually Delivered Program for Increasing Upper Limb Activity After Stroke
Authors: Simpson Lisa A. , Barclay Ruth , Bayley Mark T. , Brasher Penelope M. A. , Dukelow Sean P. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , MacKay-Lyons Marilyn , Menon Carlo , Mortenson W. Ben , Peng Tzu-Hsuan , Pollock Courtney L. , Pooyania Sepideh , Silverberg Noah D. , Teasell Robert , Yao Jennifer , Eng Janice J. 
Published: December 2024

Background Upper limb activity following stroke is low, which may limit recovery. We investigated whether a virtually-delivered upper limb program, that included a wearable device with reach-to-grasp feedback, would increase upper limb activity after stroke. Methods This was a parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized control trial conducted at 6 sites across 5 provinces of the CanStroke Recovery Trials Platform between 2020 to 2022. Participants (n = 73) were community-living, less than 1 year post stroke, and had residual arm movement and upper limb use limitations. Participants were randomized via a central web-based randomization service to receive a virtually delivered program (Virtual Arm Boot Camp [V-ABC], n = 36) or waitlist control (n = 37) receiving usual care. V-ABC consisted of a home exercise program, feedback from a wrist-worn device to monitor reach-to-grasp counts, and 6 virtual sessions with a trained therapist over 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the average daily reach-to-grasp counts over 3 days at 4 weeks post baseline assessment. Secondary outcomes included upper limb function, self-reported use, and quality of life. Within-subject changes between pre, post treatment, and 2 months follow up for all participants were also examined as a tertiary analysis. Results The V-ABC group demonstrated greater average daily reach-to-grasp counts (primary outcome) at 4 weeks compared to control (mean difference = 368, 95% confidence interval = 6-730, P = .046). Conclusions This study provided evidence that a virtually delivered upper limb program that consists of exercise, feedback from a wearable device, and therapist support can increase real-world upper limb activity following stroke. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04232163.
Ten-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy versus 14-day esomeprazole–amoxicillin dual therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Ben-Gang , Guo Ming-Wen , Zhang Li-Juan , Liu Zhi-Dong , Liu Chun-Hua , Li Xue-Feng , Li Shun-Song , Xiao Peng , Bao Bing , Ai Yao-Wei , Ding Yan-Bing 
Published: December 2024

Background: The efficacy of the 14-day esomeprazole–amoxicillin (EA) dual therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) has been widely discussed previously. Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, presents rapid, potent, and long-lasting acid inhibitory effects compared to esomeprazole. However, there is currently a scarcity of direct comparisons between the 10-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin (VA) and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori eradication. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the 10-day VA and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori first-line eradication. Design: This study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted at 10 hospitals in China. In total, 570 newly diagnosed H. pylori-infected patients were recruited from April 2023 to February 2024. These patients were randomly assigned to either the 10-day VA group (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily) or the 14-day EA group (esomeprazole 20 mg four times daily + amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily). The primary outcome was the eradication rate, with secondary outcomes including adverse events and compliance. Results: The 10-day VA regimen outperformed the 14-day EA regimen in terms of eradication rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (85.4% vs 76.7%, p = 0.008), modified ITT analysis (90.7% vs 84.8%, p = 0.036), and per-protocol (PP) analysis (91.1% versus 85.5%, p = 0.047). The non-inferiority p-values in all three analyses were less than 0.001. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (9.1% vs 11.7%, p = 0.308). The 10-day VA regimen demonstrated higher compliance compared to the 14-day EA regimen ( p = 0.006). Conclusion: The 10-day VA dual therapy showed a satisfactory eradication rate of 91.1% (PP analysis), demonstrating good safety and better compliance compared to the 14-day EA dual therapy as the first-line eradication. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300070475) on April 12, 2023.
Pilon Fractures: An Ideal Model to Understand Biological Factors Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Foster Jeffrey A. , Griffin Jarod T. , Muhammad Maaz , Sierra-Arce Carlos R. , Southall Wyatt G.S. , Borgida Jacob S.W. , Wagner Robert K. , Ismaeel Ahmed , McCarthy John J. , Ly Thuan V. , Srinath Arjun , Landy David C. , Aneja Arun 
Published: December 2024

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Intraarticular pilon fractures have a high rate of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) despite anatomic reduction of the articular surface. Elevated synovial inflammatory proteins triggered by injury contribute to PTOA development.MicroRNAs (miRNA), regulators of gene expression, are dysregulated in the cartilage of osteoarthritic joints, and their modulation may deter cartilage destruction. Specifically, miRNA-146a is associated with normal cartilage development and prevents overexpression of inflammatory proteins in degenerative osteoarthritis but is yet to be studied in clinical PTOA. This novel study aims to determine the effect of acute intraarticular pilon fracture on miRNA-146a expression and its association with inflammatory proteins. Methods: Bilateral ankles of patients with unilateral pilon fracture were aspirated for synovial fluid at the time of external fixation and/or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). After processing, synovial fluid samples were sequenced for small RNA analysis. Measured levels of miRNA-146a in injured ankles were compared to the contralateral uninjured ankles, which served as baseline controls. Results: Five patients with unilateral pilon fractures consented to participate in the study. miRNA-146a was readily detectable in all patient samples. Using uninjured ankles (n=5) as a control, mean fold miRNA-146a expression was 1.0 ±0.93 [Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD)]. In comparison, mean fold miRNA-146a in injured ankles (n=5) was 0.4 ± 0.53(p=0.07). Additional results will be analyzed and available to present at the 2024 AOFAS Annual Meeting. Conclusion: Though not statistically significant, our preliminary data demonstrated that miRNA-146a was lower in injured ankles when compared to uninjured ankles. This study aims to better characterize the effect of acute pilon fracture on miRNA-146 expression and its association with inflammatory proteins. Anticipated results will help elucidate the role of miRNA-146a in the pathogenesis of PTOA following pilon fracture, impacting future PTOA research on the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of miRNAs.
Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of the Dovetailed Notch Scarf Osteotomy for Correcting the First Metatarsal Pronation in Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2024

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The traditional scarf osteotomy (TSO) has limited ability to correct the first metatarsal pronation. A novel modification which we refer to as a “dovetailed notch Scarf osteotomy” (DNSO) has been developed to enhance the ability to correct coronal plane pronation. The study aimed to observe and compare TSO to DNSO in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity. Methods: This retrospective study included 78 feet that had a TSO and 105 feet that had a DNSO.Minimum follow-up was 24 months.Weightbearing CT (WBCT) and weightbearing anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs were taken preoperatively and at the last follow-up. We measured the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular surface angle (DMAA) on AP radoigrpahs and first metatarsal coronal pronation angle (α angle), tibial sesamoid coronal grading (TSCG), and first metatarsal length (FML) on WBCT. Clinical assessment was done using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The occurrence of postoperative complications was also documented. Results: The DNSO group exhibited a significantly higher correction amount of α angle and IMA (14.3±9.9° and 10.3±4.6°) than the TSO group (8.6±5.9 °and 5.4±5.9°) during the final follow-up assessment (P<.05).The DNSO group (10.1±6.9°and 4.8±3.1°) demonstrated significantly smaller α angle and IMA compared to the TSO group (15.3±5.7°and 9.1±5.0°) at 24 months post-surgery (P<.05). (P<.05 ).The postoperative FAAM-ADL and SF-36-PF scores were significantly higher in the DNSO group (97.2±3.3 and 95.7±4.4 points) compared to the TSO group (92.3±3.3 and 87.7±8.7 points) (P<.05). Additionally, hallux varus occurred in one case in the DNSO group, while four cases were observed in the TSO group. Conclusion: Two osteotomy methods can effectively correct moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity. Compared with the TSO, the DNSO has stronger correction ability. The most crucial aspect lies in its controllability when correcting first metatarsal pronation, as well as its exceptional performance in addressing IMA.
Using simulation to augment root cause analysis for patient safety incidents at a tertiary care women's and children's hospital: A qualitative feasibility study
Authors: Burchell Drew , MacPhee Shannon , Sinclair Douglas , Curran Janet , Thebault Ashley , Burns Emma , Ornstein Amy , Foster Jennifer , Palmer Jane 
Published: December 2024

Background Rates of preventable harm in healthcare remain high despite comprehensive strategies to reduce and address patient safety issues. Newer methods such as simulation could add enhanced contextual understanding and may be a valuable tool to further understand and recommend changes based on patient safety incidents. However, the feasibility of simulation implementation needs to be considered to ensure its success. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) provides a structure to identify factors of behavior that could influence the adoption of simulation as a safety tool in a healthcare environment. Objective To examine staff and clinician perspectives on the feasibility of a simulation-based patient safety initiative at a tertiary care women's and children's hospital. Methods Sixteen individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with health center staff and physicians about the potential of simulation as a patient safety tool. Qualitative data was analyzed using a deductive content analysis, using the 14 TDF categories as a framework. Results Barriers and enablers to a simulation-based patient safety initiative were identified. Main barriers included social influences (cultural belief that simulation for patient safety is punitive), emotions, and environmental context. Main enablers included social influences (culture that values patient safety), goals/intentions (wanting to deliver safest care to patients), and beliefs about consequences (simulation as a valuable learning experience leading to improved care). Conclusions Though several barriers were identified, participants had recommendations for how to mitigate them and overall indicated support for using simulation as a patient safety tool.
Superolateral capsule pathway: a new arthroscopic viewing approach for spotting femoral fixation device in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ding Ming , Liao BingHui , Shangguan Lei , Wang YingChun , Xu Hu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to describe the arthroscopic superlateral capsule pathway technique for spotting femoral fixation device deployment, and to compare the results with normal procedure.

Methods
A total of 69 patients underwent ACLR (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction) with or without the SCP (superolateral capsule pathway) during procedure were retrospectively selected and evaluated. A total of 36 patients underwent SCP and 33 patients underwent ACLR without SCP. Mean follow-up was 6 months after surgery. All patient noted joint fluid, underwent VAS and Lysholm score at follow-up, and statistical analysis was performed.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found in patient demographics, ACLR duration time (p = 0.076) and Lysholm score (p = 0.296). Significantly less postoperation pain was reported in the SCP group (p = 0.000), and fluid volume in SCP group was significantly lower (p = 0.001). The postoperative complications were rare in both group.

Conclusions
The superolateral capsule pathway approach is a minimally invasive and safe technique that can be used to accurately locate and implant suture button-based femoral fixation devices in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Perioperative risk factors for osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jae , Ahn Hye Seong , Han Dong-Seok 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis, a frequent complication of gastrectomy, increases with age, and the average age of gastric cancer patients continues to rise. This study aims to analyze perioperative factors of osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy.

Materials and methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry after gastrectomy due to gastric cancer between 2016 and 2019 at Seoul Boramae Medical Center. Data were analyzed from before surgery to 12 months after surgery. Statistical analyses identified osteoporosis risk factors among perioperative factors.

Results
Among 189 patients, osteoporosis was diagnosed in 72 patients and peaked at 36 months postoperatively (46.3%; 24 out of 54) with the lowest mean T score of -3.34 although Ca and vitamin D supplements were prescribed to 157 patients (83.1%) on average 32.4 months postoperatively. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.002; Adjusted OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 1.020–1.098), body weight (P = 0.009; Adjusted OR: 0.950, 95% CI: 0.914–0.987), sex (P = 0.021; Adjusted OR: 2.322, 95% CI: 1.138–4.739), and serum ALP (P = 0.009; Adjusted OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.006–1.040) were significant preoperatively. Additionally, age (P = 0.005; Adjusted OR: 1.067, 95% CI: 1.020–1.116), serum Ca (P = 0.046; Adjusted OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.130–0.980), Cr (P = 0.003; Adjusted OR: 0.021, 95% CI: 0.002–0.268), and ALP (P = 0.014; Adjusted OR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.003–1.030) were observed significantly at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
38.1% of patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy, despite Ca and vitamin D supplements. Age, body weight, sex, serum Ca, Cr, and ALP correlated with osteoporosis perioperatively.