bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runway roadkill: a global review of mammal strikes with aircraft
Authors: Ball Samantha , Caravaggi Anthony , Butler Fidelma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe number of reported collisions (i.e. strikes) between aircraft and wildlife is increasing globally, with consequences for personnel and passenger safety as well as for industry economics. These are important considerations for airport operators that are obliged to mitigate wildlife hazards at airfields. Incidents involving mammals account for approximately 3–10% of all recorded strikes. However, relatively little research has been conducted on mammal strikes with aircraft outside of the USA.We collate mammal strike data from six major national aviation authorities and a global aircraft database and review the available scientific and grey literature. We aim to identify which mammal families are involved in strike events and how widespread the issue is on a global scale. We also aim to demonstrate the importance of consistently recording strike instances in national databases.We identified 40 families that were involved in strike events in 47 countries. Reported mammal strike events have been increasing by up to 68% annually. Chiroptera (4 families) accounted for the greatest proportion of strikes in Australia; leporids and canids in Canada, Germany and the UK; and Chiroptera (5 families) and cervids in the USA. More mammals were struck during the landing phase of an aircraft's rotation than any other phase. Circa‐diel strike risk was greatest at dusk and circa‐annum strike risk was greatest during late summer, with some international variation. The total estimated cost of damage resulting from reported mammal strikes exceeded US$103 million in the USA alone, over 30 years.Mammal strikes represent a substantial risk in airfield environments. Monitoring of existing wild mammal populations is required to understand temporal trends in presence, abundance, and activity patterns and to inform management decisions. Increased and accurate reporting of strike events globally is needed to inform Wildlife Hazard Management Plans and support effective strike mitigation.
Gamma carbonic anhydrases are subunits of the mitochondrial complex I of diatoms
Authors: Cainzos Maximiliano , Marchetti Fernanda , Popovich Cecilia , Leonardi Patricia , Pagnussat Gabriela , Zabaleta Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiatoms are unicellular organisms containing red algal‐derived plastids that probably originated as result of serial endosymbioses between an ancestral heterotrophic organism and a red alga or cryptophyta algae from which has only the chloroplast left. Diatom mitochondria are thus believed to derive from the exosymbiont. Unlike animals and fungi, diatoms seem to contain ancestral respiratory chains. In support of this, genes encoding gamma type carbonic anhydrases (CAs) whose products were shown to be intrinsic complex I subunits in plants, Euglena and Acanthamoeba were found in diatoms, a representative of Stramenopiles. In this work, we experimentally show that mitochondrial complex I in diatoms is a large complex containing gamma type CA subunits, supporting an ancestral origin. By using a bioinformatic approach, a complex I integrated CA domain with heterotrimeric subunit composition is proposed.
Association between self‐reported appetite and clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients: Findings from a low middle‐income country
Authors: Boonyakrai Chanchana , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Puapatanakul Pongpratch , Halue Guttiga , Johnson David W. , Lorvinitnun Pichet , Tangjittrong Kittisak , Kittiskulnam Piyawan , Pongpirul Krit , Bieber Brian , Tungsanga Kriang ,   Thailand PDOPPS Steering Committee
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) has gained international recognition as important predictors of clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We sought to understand the associations between patient‐reported appetite and clinical outcomes.MethodsIn the Thailand Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS), 690 of 848 randomly selected PD patients from 22 facilities reported their appetite by using the short form (three items) of the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool (ADAT), between 2016 and 2018. In this questionnaire, the patients rated their appetite as well as a change in appetite over time. Cox proportional hazards model regression was used to estimating associations between self‐reported appetite and clinical outcomes, including mortality, haemodialysis (HD) transfer and peritonitis.ResultsHalf of the PD patients reported a good appetite, whereas 34% and 16% reported fair and poor appetites, respectively. Poor appetite was more prevalent among female, diabetic, congestive heart failure, older age and patients who had worse nutritional indicators, including lower time‐averaged serum albumin and serum creatinine concentrations, as well as a higher proportions of hypokalaemia and severe hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <3 g/dl). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and PD vintage, poor appetite was associated with increased risks of peritonitis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–2.62), HD transfer (adjusted HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.24–4.10) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.08–2.39) compared to patients with good appetite.ConclusionPatient‐reported poor appetite was independently associated with higher risks of peritonitis, HD transfer and all‐cause mortality. This warrants further investigation to identify effective interventions.
Ethical Dilemma: An Unprecedented Strike by Health care Workers in Early February 2020 in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Fung Kei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrging the government to exercise a complete border closure to inhibit the spread of the novel coronavirus from Mainland China, about 8,000 health care workers participated in a 5‐day strike in early February 2020 in Hong Kong. Despite gaining 61% support from the public, dissenters criticised that the participants violated professional ethics and abandoned their accountabilities, which led to moral distress. However, the participants were guided by the four fundamental medical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non‐maleficence, and justice) for public interest and health equity. Their concerns for occupational safety should not be ignored to maintain an effective health care system. In short, the strike adopted a bottom‐up initiative and adhered to a public‐centered perspective and community‐driven ethical behaviors, through which the participants deliberated over professionalism, humanism and the imminence of public health, and the balance between them. Strikers showed care and concern for the safety of the community, sustainability of the health care system, and well‐being of all people in Hong Kong.
“The One Bright Spot”: Presidential Personal Diplomacy and the Good Neighbor Policy
Authors: Chavez Tizoc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the 1930s and 1940s, personal diplomacy by U.S. presidents was still in its infancy, but it was central to the Good Neighbor policy in Latin America. To overcome years of mistrust, U.S. presidents, both at home and abroad, tried to personally convince their Latin American counterparts of their sincerity for more equitable relations. This article examines how Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and especially Franklin Roosevelt used leader‐to‐leader diplomacy to change perceptions of the United States in Latin America and usher in a new era in hemispheric relations. The diplomacy of the Good Neighbor policy also had implications for the presidency, as it foreshadowed what would become standard practice for modern presidents.
Brain responses of dysphoric and control participants during a self‐esteem implicit association test
Authors: Lou Yixue , Lei Yi , Astikainen Piia , Peng Weiwei , Otieno Suzanne , Leppänen Paavo H. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have reported lowered implicit self‐esteem at the behavioral level among depressed individuals. However, brain responses related to the lowered implicit self‐esteem have not been investigated in people with depression. Here, event‐related potentials were measured in 28 dysphoric participants (individuals with elevated amounts of depressive symptoms) and 30 control participants during performance of an implicit association task (IAT) suggested to reflect implicit self‐esteem. Despite equivalent behavioral performance, differences in brain responses were observed between the dysphoric and the control groups in late positive component (LPC) within 400–1,000 ms poststimulus latency. For the dysphoric group, self‐negativity mapping stimuli (me with negative word pairing and not‐me with positive word pairing) induced significantly larger LPC amplitude as compared to self‐positivity mapping stimuli (me with positive pairing and not‐me with negative pairing), whereas the control group showed the opposite pattern. These results suggest a more efficient categorization toward implicit self‐is‐negative association, possibly reflecting lower implicit self‐esteem among the dysphoric participants, in comparison to the controls. These results demonstrate the need for further investigation into the functional significance of LPC modulation during IAT and determination of whether LPC can be used as a neural marker of depressive‐related implicit self‐esteem.
Is existing legislation supporting socially acceptable aquaculture in the European Union? A transversal analysis of France, Italy and Spain
Authors: Cavallo Marianna , Pérez Agúndez José A. , Raux Pascal , Frangoudes Katia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to the European Commission, aquaculture is among those maritime sectors contributing to the blue economy due to its potential for generating jobs, business opportunities and, most importantly, for ensuring food security in Europe. In 2014, EU member states set new strategies to support sustainable aquaculture and ambitious targets of productions to be met by 2020 in the three segments, marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish. A recent assessment made by the European Commission concludes that some countries might not be able to attain the established goals and this paper presents an in‐depth analysis of such strategies to identify the social constraints hampering aquaculture growth in France, Italy and Spain as well as the measures established to overcome them. Most of the identified issues are related to the social acceptability of local communities, local stakeholders and consumers, suggesting that this still represents an unsolved issue hampering aquaculture development in Europe. In fact, our results show that (a) the sector suffers from a bad image related to its environmental impacts; (b) a lack of integrated spatial planning is leading to increasing conflicts with other activities; and (c) there is predominance of top‐down consultation mechanisms. It is concluded that there is not a single solution to enhance social acceptability of aquaculture since this depends on a number of social, economic and environmental factors that may differ from site to site, and countries need to adopt a more integrated approach where concerns of local communities and stakeholders are understood and taken into account.
The effectiveness of biosecurity interventions in reducing the transmission of bacteria from livestock to humans at the farm level: A systematic literature review
Authors: Youssef Dina Mohamed , Wieland Barbara , Knight Gwenan M. , Lines Jo , Naylor Nichola R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZoonotic bacterial infections are a health hazard for people who are in regular contact with livestock at the farm level. Improved biosecurity can limit zoonotic pathogen transmission within farms. The aim of this review was to summarize the effectiveness of farm‐level biosecurity interventions in reducing bacterial transmission from animals to people who lived, worked in or visited farms. A systematic literature review was conducted using Embase, Ovid Medline and Agris databases, which were searched on 7th of July 2019, limited to English language papers but with no time exclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was undertaken utilizing the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination approach, reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias within and across the included studies was performed using established checklists. Out of 869 studies retrieved through database searches, 11 studies were selected. In addition, three studies were found through study reference lists. Fourteen studies were therefore included in this review. Biosecurity interventions were grouped into five categories: hand washing, sanitization and hygienic measures (six studies); personal protective equipment (five studies); vaccination (two studies); other interventions (e.g. air ventilation flap) (four studies); and routine farm activities (two studies). Across studies that investigated odds of human colonization or infection (three studies), odds were seen to both be increased and decreased through use of tested biosecurity measures. Large confidence intervals that often crossed the threshold of an odds ratio equal to 1 were found. Most of the studies' overall risk of bias was ‘medium risk’ (11 studies), with selection bias domains generally being scored ‘medium risk.’ Biosecurity interventions are potentially beneficial in reducing bacterial transmission from animals to humans. However, more high‐quality evidence is needed to increase certainty in which interventions, in which contexts, are most effective from the human health perspective.
Tracing oral Na+ and K+ in sweat during exercise and recovery in horses
Authors: Lindinger Michael I. , Waller Amanda P. 
Published: February 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What are the mechanisms by which equine sweat glands transport sodium, potassium and water into sweat?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The flux of sodium into sweat does not have an active transport component, the flux of potassium into sweat is partially dependent on an active transport mechanism, and there is no evidence for paracellular transport.

AbstractIn two series of experiments, this study used radioactive sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) to trace the net flux, and calculate the unidirectional fluxes, of these ions from extracellular fluid into sweat of horses during exercise and recovery. The effect of an oral electrolyte supplement (PNW) on the sweating responses and ion fluxes was also examined. Compared to 8 litres of water (controls), provision of 8 litres of PNW resulted in significantly increased sweating duration (P < 0.001). Two hours before exercise, 99Tc‐labelled diethylene‐triamine‐pentaacetate (DTPA) was administered i.v. to determine if there was paracellular flux of this molecule in sweat glands during the period of sweating. One hour before beginning moderate‐intensity exercise, horses were nasogastrically administered either 24Na (1–3 litres) or 42K (8 litres) with water (control) or an electrolyte supplement. Both radiotracers appeared in sweat within 10 min of exercise onset, and the sweat specific activity of both ions increased during exercise (P < 0.001), approaching plasma specific activities. There was no appearance of 99Tc‐DTPA in sweat. The activities of 24Na and 42K, together with the concentrations Na+, K+ and Cl–, argued against significant paracellular flux of these ions into the lumen of sweat glands. The flux analysis for 24Na indicated a small intracellular pool within sweat gland cells, and no evidence for an active transport component. The flux analysis for 42K indicated a relatively large intracellular equilibration pool within sweat gland cells, with evidence for an active transport component. The results are discussed with respect to the current understanding of sweat gland epithelial cell ion transport mechanisms at both the basal and the apical membranes. It appears likely that the majority of ions appearing in sweat pass through sweat gland epithelial cells by transcellular mechanisms that include ion transporting pathways as well as apical vesicular exocytosis.
Improved Strength and Recovery After Velocity-Based Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Held Steffen , Hecksteden Anne , Meyer Tim , Donath Lars 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:The present intervention study examined the effects of intensity-matched velocity-based strength training with a 10% velocity loss (VL10) versus traditional 1-repetition maximum (1RM) based resistance training to failure (TRF) on 1RM and maximal oxygen uptake () in a concurrent training setting.Methods:Using the minimization method, 21 highly trained rowers (4 females and 17 males; 19.6 [2.1] y, 1.83 [0.07] m, 74.6 [8.8] kg,) were either assigned to VL10 or TRF. In addition to rowing endurance training (about 75 min·d−1), both groups performed strength training (5 exercises, 80% 1RM, 4 sets, 2–3 min interset recovery, 2 times/week) over 8 weeks. Squat, deadlift, bench row, and bench press 1RM androwing-ergometer ramp tests were completed. Overall recovery and overall stress were monitored every evening using the Short Recovery and Stress Scale.Results:Large and significant group × time interactions (P < .03,, standard mean differences [SMD] > 0.65) in favor of VL10 (averaged +18.0% [11.3%]) were observed for squat, bench row, and bench press 1RM compared with TRF (averaged +8.0% [2.9%]).revealed no interaction effects (P = .55,, standard mean difference < .23) but large time effects (P < .05,). Significant group × time interactions (P = .001,, SMD > |0.525|) in favor of VL10 were also observed for overall recovery and overall stress 24 and 48 hours after strength training.Conclusions:VL10 serves as a promising means to improve strength capacity at lower repetitions and stress levels in highly trained athletes. Future research should investigate the interference effects of VL10 in strength endurance sports and its effects when increasing weekly VL10 sessions within one macrocycle.
Low fraction of fetal haemoglobin is associated with retinopathy of prematurity in the very preterm infant
Authors: Hellström William , Martinsson Tobias , Morsing Eva , Gränse Lotta , Ley David , Hellström Ann 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundBlood loss and adult blood transfusions are common during the neonatal period in preterm infants. The objective of the study was to clarify if degree of loss of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) was associated with later retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsRetrospective observational cohort study. In total, 452 infants born <30 gestational weeks at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in Sweden in 2009–2015 were included, 385 of whom had final ROP outcome. Mean fractions of HbF (%) during the first postnatal week were calculated from 11 861 arterial blood gas analyses. The relationship between fractions of HbF (%) and ROP was evaluated.ResultsThe mean (SD) gestational age (GA) at birth was 26.4 (1.8) weeks. In total, 104 (27 %) infants developed ROP. Higher fraction of HbF (%) was associated with a lower prevalence of ROP, OR by a 10% increase 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.97; p=0.019), following adjustment for GA at birth, small for GA and sex. Infants with HbF (%) in the lowest quartile had OR of 22.0 (95% CI: 8.1 to 59.2; p<0.001) for ROP development compared with those in the highest quartile. The predictive ability (area under the curve) of HbF (%) in the full model during the first week was 0.849 for ROP.ConclusionsEarly low fraction of HbF is independently associated with abnormal retinal neurovascular development in the very preterm infant. The potential benefit of minimising blood loss on development of ROP will be investigated in a multicenter randomised trial (NCT04239690).
Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Spreco Armin , Bengtsson Håkan , Bahr Roald 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football.ObjectiveTo analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players.Methods3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000–2001 through 2018–2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries.ResultsA total of 11 820 time-loss injuries were recorded during 1 784 281 hours of exposure. Injury incidence fell gradually during the 18-year study period, 3% per season for both training injuries (95% CI 1% to 4% decrease, p=0.002) and match injuries (95% CI 2% to 3% decrease, p<0.001). Ligament injury incidence decreased 5% per season during training (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001) and 4% per season during match play (95% CI 3% to 6% decrease, p<0.001), while the rate of muscle injuries remained constant. The incidence of reinjuries decreased by 5% per season during both training (95% CI 2% to 8% decrease, p=0.001) and matches (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001). Squad availability increased by 0.7% per season for training sessions (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8% increase, p<0.001) and 0.2% per season for matches (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3% increase, p=0.001).ConclusionsOver 18 years: (1) injury incidence decreased in training and matches, (2) reinjury rates decreased, and (3) player availability for training and match play increased.
Mental health treatment experiences of commonwealth veterans from diverse ethnic backgrounds who have served in the UK military
Authors: Pearson E.J , Baumann J , Murphy D 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionResearch has shown that the likelihood of ex-military personnel developing mental health problems following service is around one in five. Little is known about the barriers to accessing mental health in veterans from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This study aims to explore mental health treatment experiences of veterans from commonwealth countries and therefore diverse ethnic backgrounds.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone with veterans from commonwealth countries. Veterans were recruited from a mental health charity and were at various stages of treatment.ResultsWe interviewed six veterans who were from a diverse range of commonwealth countries including St Lucia, Gambia, Ghana, Fiji and South Africa. All had served in the UK army in combat roles. Our findings consisted of key themes: (1) feeling that they are treated differently, (2) they felt as though they were unheard when reaching out for help, (3) systemic pressures such as financial difficulties, missed opportunities and lack of insight about mental health and (4) the importance of involving the wider community in care.ConclusionOur findings highlight some distinct barriers to mental health treatment that commonwealth veterans experience. The themes reported by the participants appear to suggest they had experience signs of institutional racism. Suggesting the importance of highlighting these issues, and to help overcome these potential barriers to accessing services. Given that commonwealth veterans involvement in the UK military is significant and increasing, the findings in this study should be used to support this population by implementing service provision and policy.