bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupationally Relevant Zinc‐ and Copper‐Containing Metal Fumes Inhibit Human THP‐1 Macrophage TNF and IL‐6 Responses to Bacterial Stimuli
Authors: Steffens Jan , Michael Sabrina , Kuth Katharina , Hollert Henner , Du Marchie Sarvaas Miriam , Nesic Andrijana , Kraus Thomas , Baumann Ralf 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal workers have an increased risk of severe lobar pneumonia due to exposure to metal fume particles, which lead to recent pneumococcal vaccination recommendations. To investigate the effects of metal fume‐derived zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) particles on airway immune responses, human THP‐1‐derived macrophages are exposed in vitro to the bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic Acid (LTA), or peptidoglycan (PGN), together with particle suspensions. Particles are generated through metal inert gas (MIG) soldering. Spectrometric and microscopic analysis confirms CuO and ZnO as main components. Macrophage IL‐6 and TNF mRNAs are quantified by qPCR and secreted protein levels by electrochemiluminescent multi‐spot assay. A dose‐dependent increase in macrophage TNF and IL‐6 mRNA (4 h) and protein (24 h) levels following exposure to PAMPs is significantly inhibited by 2 µg mL−1 CuO/ZnO particles (n = 5). Additionally, CuO/ZnO particles significantly inhibit TNF protein expression in unstimulated macrophages, while IL‐6 protein levels are unaffected (n = 5). The presented in vitro immunotoxicity approach may extend existing new approach methodology (NAM) elements for chemical risk assessment and possibly exposure limit evaluation refinements. These findings implicate that CuO/ZnO particles suppress macrophage proinflammatory responses to PAMPs, potentially compromising lung immunity, underlining current vaccine recommendations and efforts for preventive occupational health guidelines.
Adjuvant Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With a Pedicled Flap Reconstruction in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Implications on Target Delineation
Authors: Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Sinha Shwetabh , Roy Pritha , Das Rabi , Thigarajan Shivakumar , Kumar Anuj , Mohanty Samarpita , Budrukkar Ashwini , Swain Monali , Chaukar Devendra , Pantvaidya Gouri , Deshmukh Anuja , Pai Prathamesh , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Joshi Poonam , Shetty Rathan , Singh Arjun , Tuljapurkar Vidisha , Vaish Richa , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo address controversies regarding target volume delineation for adjuvant intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with pedicled flap reconstruction and elective nodal irradiation (ENI).Materials and MethodsDuring target volume delineation, the primary tumor bed was the pre‐surgical gross tumor volume with an additional isotropic margin of 5‐10 mm. Additionally, the flap and body tissue junction were given a margin of 5‐10 mm (if not already given). An effort was not made to trace the flap for inclusion in the clinical target volume (CTV), except when it traversed through the involved nodal regions. Contralateral ENI was carried out only in tumors crossing the midline when there was a heavy nodal burden at Ia/Ib.ResultsIn the 143 patients analyzed, the most common sub‐site was buccal mucosa (78, 54.5%). Contralateral ENI was done in 63 patients (36 Tongue, 23 Buccoalveolar). The median follow‐up of surviving patients was 24 months. The 2‐year Locoregional Control, Disease‐Free Survival, and Overall Survival were 77.4%, 64.5%, and 79% respectively. Overall, there were 55 (38.5%) recurrences, of which 35 (24.5%) were either local, regional, or combined locoregional failures, 13 (9.1%) were distant failures alone, and 7 (4.9%) had both locoregional and distant failures. The elective nodal regions had 3 (2.1%) contralateral nodal failures.ConclusionThe entire flap need not be intentionally covered in the target volume. Contralateral ENI should be considered only for patients with heavy nodal burden at ipsilateral level Ia/Ib, in tumors crossing the midline, or in tumors having a high propensity for contralateral lymph nodal involvement.
Iloprost‐Loaded Electrospun Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Membranes for Enhanced Healing of Colon Anastomosis
Authors: Erguder Ender , Celik Merve , Eser Pinar Eylem , Durhan Abdullah , Hucumenoglu Sema , Akkus Mehmet Ali , Buyukserin Fatih 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the variety of proposed solutions, anastomotic leakage is still a critical complication after colorectal surgery, which causes increased clinical mortality and morbidity. By enhancing microcirculation in the colonic mucosa, the use of Iloprost (Ilo) has shown promising results for the healing of anastomosis. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of Ilo‐impregnated Polycaprolactone:Gelatin electrospun membranes (PCL/Gel/Ilo) on anastomosis repair and intra‐abdominal adhesion behavior in the Rat colon. Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, Control (only resection‐anastomosis), PCL/Gel, and PCL/Gel /Ilo (n = 12 for each). On the seventh day after colon anastomosis, a second laparotomy was conducted. During this procedure, intra‐abdominal adhesion was examined, and the anastomotic segment was removed for burst pressure and histological evaluation. There was no statistically significant difference in intra‐abdominal adhesions and major complications between the electrospun membrane groups and the control group. The membrane‐applied groups exhibited significantly higher anastomotic burst pressure than the control group irrespective of their Ilo content. In terms of neovascularization and muscle necrosis, membrane‐applied groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements over the control group. Furthermore, the PCL/Gel/Ilo applied group showed enhanced neovascularization and lower muscular necrosis; however, statistically significant differences were not observed compared to the PCL/Gel applied group. Compared to the control group, the application of electrospun PCL/Gel and PCL/Gel/Ilo membranes resulted in safe and effective healing of colon anastomosis. The fact that Ilo application cannot be distinguished from the regular membrane group necessitates additional research into the doped fibrous mat and its application method.
Exploring the Phenomenon of Domestic Violence in Taiwan During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Complexity Theory Perspective
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Pei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been one of the most significant public health events in human history. Domestic violence cases surged globally during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In Taiwan, this trend was particularly evident, with a year‐over‐year increase in reported cases. This study aims to investigate the complex dynamics of domestic violence in Taiwan during the COVID‐19 pandemic through the lens of Complexity Theory. The researcher employed a qualitative case study method and conducted semistructured interviews with four participants. A cross‐case analysis revealed four themes illustrating polymorphic correlations of factors and five themes related to self‐organizing behaviors. This study amplifies the voices of domestic violence victims during the COVID‐19 pandemic and offers insights into the intricate dynamics between domestic violence incidents and disasters, individuals, and systems. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Measured energy expenditure according to the phases of critical illness: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Tatucu‐Babet Oana A. , King Susannah J. , Zhang Andrew Y. , Lambell Kate J. , Tierney Audrey C. , Nyulasi Ibolya B. , McGloughlin Steven , Pilcher David , Bailey Michael , Paul Eldho , Udy Andrew , Ridley Emma J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndirect calorimetry is recommended for directing energy provision in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, limited reports exist of measured energy expenditure according to the phases of critical illness in large cohorts of patients during ICU admission. This study aimed to analyze measured energy expenditure overall in adult patients who were critically ill and across the different phases of critical illness.MethodsIndirect calorimetry measurements completed at a mixed ICU between January 2010 and July 2019 were eligible. Measured energy expenditure was analyzed and reported as kcal/day and kcal/kg/day overall, as the percentage increase above predicted basal metabolic rate and according to the phases of critical illness; acute early (day 1–2), acute late (day 3–7) and recovery (>7 days) phases using mixed effects linear modelling.ResultsThere were 629 patients with 863 measurements included; age mean (standard deviation) 48 (18) years, 68% male and 269 (43%) with a traumatic brain injury. Measured energy expenditure overall was 2263 (626) kcal/day (30 (7) kcal/kg/day), which corresponded to a median [interquartile range] of 135 [117–155] % increase above predicted basal metabolic rate. In patients with repeat measurements (n = 158), measured energy expenditure (mean ± standard error) increased over time; 27 ± 0.5 kcal/kg/day in the early acute, 30 ± 0.4 kcal/kg/day in the late acute, and 31 ± 0.4 kcal/kg/day in the recovery phases of critical illness (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn a large cohort of ICU patients, measured energy expenditure was 135% above the basal metabolic rate and increased from the early acute to the late acute and recovery phases of critical illness.
Crystal Hydrogel‐Based Switchable Radiative Cooling Materials for Smart Windows
Authors: Zhang Zhuangsen , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Liu Qianwei , Xiong Xinhong , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSmart windows can effectively balance the space temperature of buildings without compromising the essential functions of windows. However, conventional thermochromic windows have limited sunlight regulation capabilities and face challenges with switching as desired. Herein, A class of novel smart windows based on crystal hydrogels is introduced that achieve free switching between transparent (for heating) and opaque (for radiative cooling) states through thermal and mechanical stimuli. The crystal hydrogels are made from cross‐linked polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium acetate (NaAc). By optimizing the sodium acetate concentration and sample thickness, The combination of excellent cooling ability is achieved at the opaque state and good low‐temperature stability at the transparent state in the hydrogels. Using the optimized hydrogel to prepare a smart window equipped with a heater and a mechanical trigger tip, the rapid on‐demand transition between transparent and opaque states is demonstrated. The results indicate that the smart window lowers temperatures by up to 9.4 °C compared to ordinary windows and maintains stable emissivity and reflectivity even after 100 cycles due to its robust solar modulation capabilities. This technology provides new energy‐saving solutions for smart buildings but also explores future applications of smart materials, showcasing innovative advantages and technical strengths in smart windows.
Mechanical Deformation Behavior of Polymer Blend Thin Films
Authors: Pokhrel Geeta , Jo Hyungyung , Christ Nicholas M. , Son Hyeyoung , Howarter John A. , Davis Chelsea S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExamining the mechanical properties of polymer thin films is crucial for high‐performance applications such as displays, coatings, sensors, and thermal management. It is important to design thin film microstructures that excel in high‐demand situations without compromising mechanical integrity. Here, a polymer blend of polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI) is used as a model to explore microscale deformation behavior under uniaxial mechanical testing. Six thin film compositions ranging from pure PS to a 4.5:5.5 ratio of PS to PI are fabricated. The thin films are deformed under compression, tension, and cyclic loadings, while monitoring the behavior utilizing a micromechanical stage and optical microscopy. To calculate the plane strain modulus, a strain‐induced elastic buckling instability technique is employed. The results show that as the PI concentration increases, the plane strain modulus of the films decreases while the fracture strain increases. For the 4.5:5.5 ratio of PS to PI with a continuous rubbery PI phase, the thin films show major recoverable mechanical performance. This behavior is attributed to the mechanical strength of glassy PS combined with the strain energy absorption capability of rubbery PI, enabling elastic recovery. These fundamental observations provide valuable insights for designing mechanically resilient thin films for coatings and flexible devices.
Stock-specific spatial overlap among seabird predators and Columbia River juvenile Chinook Salmon suggests a mechanism for predation during early marine residence
Authors: Zamon Jeannette E. , Tolimieri Nick , Chasco Brandon E. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Van Doornik Donald M. , Burke Brian J. , Teel David J. , Phillips Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Because predation is thought to be the primary source of natural mortality for juvenile salmon first entering the ocean, we sought to identify regions where, on average, stock-specific spatial overlap between the distribution of threatened and endangered juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and abundant fish-eating seabirds (common murres Uria aalge and sooty shearwaters Ardenna grisea) suggests the greatest potential for ocean predation risk to juvenile Chinook Salmon.

Methods
The relative abundance and spatial distribution of seabird predators and juvenile Chinook Salmon were quantified as part of long-term ecosystem surveys during May 2003–2012 and June 2003–2022. Genetic stock identification methods were used to assign individual fish to their respective stock groups. Stock-specific species distribution models then generated maps and indices of average annual spatial overlap between predators and prey within the survey area.

Result
There is unequivocal evidence for spatial overlap between common murres, sooty shearwaters, and five genetic groups of interior and lower Columbia River juvenile Chinook Salmon. We found strongly positive (≥0.70) spatial correlations between predator and prey densities in both May and June, although spatial overlap was, in general, greater during May. The region of highest spatial overlap occurred on the inner continental shelf between the Columbia River mouth (46.2°N) and Grays Harbor (47.0°N), a region at the beginning of the juvenile salmon migratory pathway that is strongly affected by freshwater outflow from the river.

Conclusion
Our findings support the idea that ocean avian predation during early marine residence has the potential to affect marine survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon and should be further investigated to better inform and implement ecological models and possible recovery actions for Chinook Salmon populations of the Columbia River basin.
Delineation of the Genetic Architecture and Clinical Polymorphism of 3q29 Duplication Syndrome: A Review of the Literature and a Report of Two Novel Patients With Single‐Gene BDH1 Duplications
Authors: Kashevarova A. A. , Lopatkina M. E. , Vasilyeva O. Yu. , Fedotov D. A. , Lobanov A. D. , Fonova E. A. , Zhalsanova I. Z. , Zarubin A. A. , Salyukova O. A. , Belyaeva E. O. , Petrova V. V. , Ravzhaeva E. G. , Agafonova A. A. , Cheremnykh A. D. , Torkhova N. B. , Vovk S. L. , Lebedev I. N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChromosome 3q29 duplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder with a frequency of 1:5000 in patients with a neurodevelopmental phenotype. The syndrome is characterized by phenotypic polymorphism and reduced penetrance.MethodsPatients were investigated by performing a cytogenetic analysis of GTG‐banded metaphases, aCGH with the SurePrint G3 Human CGH Microarray 8×60K, qPCR, FISH, and WES.ResultsHere, we report five new patients with atypical duplications overlapping with the 3q29 duplication syndrome region and no other genetic findings. In two patients, duplications were found in the single BDH1 gene, a candidate gene for the 3q29 duplication phenotype. For the first time, we delineated and described the smallest minimal critical region, including the single BDH1 gene; in our patients, this region was associated with ASD, heart defects, biliary tract dysfunction, and obesity. The frequencies of the pathological phenotypes in duplication carriers reported in the literature were calculated and compared with those in patients with 3q29 deletions. Most of the phenotypes were observed in both groups but were significantly less common among individuals with 3q29 duplications. Mirrored phenotypes in patients with duplications and deletions included overweight and weight deficit. Schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder, and recurrent ear infections were unique phenotypes of patients carrying deletions.ConclusionChromosome 3q29 duplication syndrome is characterized by a complex genetic architecture and clinical polymorphism.
The Equivalence Canonical Forms of Two Sets of Five Quaternion Matrices With Applications
Authors: He Zhuo‐Heng , Xu Yun‐Ze , Wang Qing‐Wen , Zhang Chong‐Quan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the equivalence canonical forms of two sets of five quaternion matrices are considered. The simultaneous decompositions of these two sets of quaternion matrices are established. Some practical algorithms for computing the decompositions are also presented. Using the equivalence canonical forms, some practical solvability conditions for two systems of generalized Sylvester‐type quaternion matrix equations are derived in terms of the ranks of the coefficient matrices. The general solutions to the systems are also provided. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the results. The proposed simultaneous decompositions are applied to construct a new framework of color watermarks embedding. In this framework, five color watermarks can be embedded into one host image simultaneously with high efficiency. Moreover, a counterexample for the existence of the equivalence canonical form of the general matrix quaternity with the same row or column numbers is presented. The results extend the existing findings on the equivalence canonical forms of general matrix arrays.
Detection of elevated succinate in brain during circulatory arrest in a piglet model: A 3T 1H MR spectroscopy study
Authors: Hurd Ralph E. , Gu Meng , Okamura Kenichi , Shibata Masafumi , Ono Yoshikazu , Haidar Moussa , Riemer R. Kirk , Hanley Frank L. , Spielman Daniel M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo measure and validate elevated succinate in brain during circulatory arrest in a piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsUsing data from an archive of 3T 1H MR spectra acquired in previous in‐magnet studies, dynamic plots of succinate, spectral simulations and difference spectra were generated for analysis and validation.ResultsElevation of succinate during circulatory arrest was observed and validated. Fitting bias was evaluated as a function of the line‐widths and signal‐to‐noise ratios of the archived data. Succinate increases were independent of bypass temperature. Succinate elevation was also not observed with antegrade cerebral perfusion.ConclusionAlthough spectrally overlapped and at sub‐millimolar levels, elevated brain succinate can be reliably measured by dynamic MR spectroscopy at 3T. Noise dependent bias of the stronger overlapping signals did not impact the succinate measurement. Elevated succinate during circulatory arrest and its recovery after reperfusion was observed. This finding is consistent with earlier reports that correlate elevated succinate with ischemic‐reperfusion injury.
Diaphragm Ultrasonography in Patients Without Symptoms or Signs of Respiratory Impairment
Authors: Gorenc Martina , Blagus Rok , Kresal Friderika , Omejec Gregor 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsWe aimed to determine differences in diaphragm thickness by including/excluding pleural and peritoneal membranes, the variability in diaphragm thickness over the apposition zone, and the predictors of diaphragm thickness and excursion measurements.MethodsAt least 10 male and female subjects were recruited for each decade of life. Spirometry, respiratory muscle strength, and the diaphragm ultrasound (US) measurements were performed. Multivariate linear regression was applied to determine associations between diaphragm US parameters, subject characteristics, spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength.ResultsIn 156 subjects (mean 47.8 ± 17.7; 20–80 years of age), a significant difference in diaphragm thickness was found when comparing measurements that included and excluded the pleural and peritoneal membranes (mean 2.3 vs. 1.7 mm; average difference of 35% (95% CI [15.3–60]); p < 0.001), as well as the minimum and maximum diaphragm thicknesses at different locations over the apposition zone (mean 1.4 vs. 2.1 mm; p < 0.001). Adjusting for sex, age, height, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, and forced vital capacity, a positive association was found between body mass index (BMI) and diaphragm thickness (β =0.024, p < 0.001, partial R
2 = 0.31, 95% CI [0.018, 0.030]); a negative association was found with the thickening ratio (β = −0.013, p = 0.050, partial R
2 = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.024, −0.002]).DiscussionCaliper placement and the location of measurement over the apposition zone greatly affect diaphragm thickness, which is also associated with BMI. Therefore, a standardized protocol for measuring diaphragmatic thickness and excursion is desirable, and BMI should be considered when interpreting the results.