bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health, Blood Pressure Classification, and Incident Stroke Among Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhu Yanchen , Wu Shiping , Qiu Weida , Wang Jiabin , Feng Yingqing , Chen Chaolei 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceAlthough cumulative evidence suggests that higher blood pressure (BP) and a greater burden of social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with an increased risk of stroke, few studies have examined whether SDOH burden modifies the association between BP and stroke risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the association between BP classification and stroke risk differs by SDOH burden among Chinese adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, analyses were conducted among 90 850 participants in the prospective subcohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project, with recruitment from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Participants without cardiovascular diseases and with complete data were included and followed up for stroke events until June 30, 2023.ExposuresSocial determinants of health burden was defined using 5 components: educational attainment, economic stability, health care access, social support, and urban vs rural residence. Blood pressure was categorized according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association BP guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations of BP classification with incident stroke stratified by SDOH burden groups.ResultsThe study included 90 850 participants (median age, 54.0 years [IQR, 46.0-62.0 years]; 55 390 women [61.0%]). During a median follow-up of 5.0 years (IQR, 4.1-5.8 years), 4408 incident stroke events were recorded. Compared with normal BP, elevated BP (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.17-1.52]), stage 1 hypertension (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.43-1.78]), and stage 2 hypertension (HR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.61-2.00]) were associated with stroke among participants with high SDOH burden, while only stage 2 hypertension (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.20-1.93]) was associated with stroke among those with low SDOH burden, with a significant multiplicative interaction of SDOH burden and BP classification (P = .03). Participants with high SDOH burden and stage 2 hypertension had the highest risk of stroke compared with participants with low SDOH burden and normal BP (HR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.75-2.60]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that higher BP levels, even at lower stages of hypertension, pose a greater stroke risk for individuals with high SDOH burden. Early surveillance and intervention for high BP should be emphasized in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
Identification and Health Risks of an Emerging Means of Drug Use in Correctional Facilities
Authors: Kuai David , Rivera Blanco Liz Eneida , Krotulski Alex , Walton Sara , Denn Max , Kelly Byron , Kiernan Emily , Steck Alaina , Carpenter Joseph 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceRecreational use of drug-soaked paper strips (hereafter, strips) in correctional facilities poses a major public health risk owing to the diverse and potentially severe toxic effects of the substances they contain. Understanding the clinical manifestations and outcomes of exposure to these strips is important for developing effective management and prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes of intoxication from strips in a correctional facility population, and to identify the specific substances present in these strips.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a case series with a retrospective medical record review and biospecimen analysis. Participants were incarcerated individuals from a county jail who presented to the emergency department of an urban hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, with suspected strip exposure between August 1, 2022, and November 1, 2023. Strip samples were tested using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), and serum samples were analyzed via LC-QTOF-MS.ExposuresAll patients had suspected exposure to strips, thought to contain opioids, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), and other novel synthetic drugs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were clinical manifestations of strip exposure, including clinical signs and symptoms, vital sign derangements, laboratory and imaging findings, treatments administered, and patient outcomes.ResultsThere were 18 patients (all male; median [IQR] age, 27.5 [18.0-45.0] years) in total. Bradycardia (11 patients [61%]) and central nervous system depression (17 patients [94%]) were the most common clinical findings. Other symptoms included agitation (6 patients [33%]) and seizures (4 patients [22%]). Treatment primarily involved supportive care, with 2 patients requiring intubation. One patient died as a result of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Analysis of strip samples revealed the presence of synthetic cannabinoids and benzimidazole opioids, but no household cleaners or pesticides. Serum testing confirmed the presence of SCRAs and their metabolites.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series study of strip intoxication among incarcerated individuals, severe and variable clinical manifestations were observed, predominantly associated with their SCRA content. Bradycardia in the context of major central nervous system depression was an indicator of severe SCRA toxic effects. Further research is needed to better understand strip use and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Fluorinated Organometallic Species
Authors: Rueda‐Espinosa Juan , Love Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to serve as an introduction to recent advances (2015–2022) in the synthesis of fluorinated organometallic species and the study of their reactivity. Each section focuses on metal complexes bearing metal–fluoride bonds (MF), metal–polyfluoroalkyl bonds (MRF), and fluorinated arenes. These sections are structured in terms of conceptually different synthetic approaches and reactivity patterns. Thermodynamic and mechanistic considerations of the synthesis and reactivity of these species are discussed where possible.
Treatment Response Biomarkers for Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R. , Wilhalme Holly , Tashkin Donald P. , Kim Grace Hyun J. , Goldin Jonathan , Haussmann Alana , Kuwana Masataka , Roth Michael D. , Assassi Shervin 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether changes in circulating biomarkers predict progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in patients with systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) receiving treatment.MethodsParticipants of the Scleroderma Lung Study II, which compared receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus cyclophosphamide (CYC) for treating SSc‐ILD, who had blood samples at baseline and 12 months were included. Levels for C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 4, CCL18, and Krebs von den Lungen (KL)‐6 were measured, and a logistic regression model evaluated relationships between changes in these biomarkers and the development of PPF by 24 months.ResultsA total of 92 of the 142 randomized participants had longitudinal biomarker measurements and the required clinical outcome data, with 19 participants (21%) meeting criteria for PPF. In the whole cohort, changes in KL‐6 levels were significantly correlated with PPF. KL‐6 increased in patients who developed PPF and decreased in patients who did not (mean change ± SD 365.68 ± 434.41 vs −207.45 ± 670.26; P < 0.001). In the arm of participants who received MMF alone, changes in CRP and CXCL4 levels were also significantly correlated with PPF. When added to an existing prediction model based on baseline factors associated with PPF in this cohort (sex, baseline reflux severity, and CXCL4 levels), the change in KL‐6 remained significantly associated with PPF (odds ratio 1.4; P = 0.0002).ConclusionChanges in the circulating levels of KL‐6 after treatment with MMF or CYC predicted PPF, even after adjusting for baseline factors associated with PPF. Measuring longitudinal KL‐6 in patients with SSc‐ILD may improve how we personalize therapy in patients with SSc‐ILD.
Gout Flares After Stopping Anti‐Inflammatory Prophylaxis: A Rapid Literature Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Frampton Christopher , Newcomb Jeff A. , O'Dell James R. , Mikuls Ted R. , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to determine how common gout flares are after ceasing anti‐inflammatory prophylaxis.MethodsA rapid literature review and meta‐analysis were undertaken. PubMed was searched from inception to February 2024. Eligibility criteria included any clinical trial of people with gout with at least one arm starting or intensifying urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) with coprescription of anti‐inflammatory prophylaxis and that had the percentage of participants experiencing one or more gout flares reported during and after the period of prophylaxis. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to generate pooled estimates of the percentage of participants experiencing one or more flares in each period.ResultsSix trials were included, together with aggregated, unpublished data from the VA STOP Gout trial (2,972 participants). Pooled random effects estimates of the percentage of participants having one or more gout flares were 14.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.3–18.5%) during prophylaxis, 29.7% (95% CI 22.9–37.0%) in the three‐month period after ceasing prophylaxis, and 12.2% (95% CI 6.8–19.0%) during the last study period. The mean difference in the percentage of participants having one or more gout flare while taking prophylaxis and immediately after ceasing prophylaxis was −14.8.0% (95% CI −21.2% to −8.5%; P < 0.0001). The mean difference from the period immediately following prophylaxis discontinuation compared to the last study period was 16.0% (P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses indicated no material effects of prophylaxis duration, trial duration, ULT class, or placebo arms.ConclusionGout flares are common after stopping anti‐inflammatory prophylaxis but return to levels seen during prophylaxis. Patients should be cautioned about the risk of gout flares and have a plan for effective gout flare management in the three months after stopping anti‐inflammatory prophylaxis.
Movement Pattern Biofeedback Training After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bade Michael J. , Christiansen Cory L. , Zeni Joseph A. , Dayton Michael R. , Forster Jeri E. , Cheuy Victor A. , Christensen Jesse C. , Hogan Craig , Koonce Ryan , Dennis Doug , Peters Amy , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveHabitual movement compensations, such as decreased surgical peak knee extension moments (pKEM), persist years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), are linked to poorer recovery, and may influence contralateral osteoarthritis progression. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to determine if a movement training program (MOVE) improves movement quality and recovery after TKA compared to a standardized rehabilitation program without movement training (CONTROL).MethodsOne hundred thirty‐eight individuals were randomized to either MOVE or CONTROL groups after TKA. Participants were assessed preoperatively, 10 weeks after (end of intervention), and six months after (primary endpoint) TKA. Outcomes assessed were pKEM during walking, six‐minute walk test, stair climb test, 30‐second sit to stand test (30STS), timed up and go test (TUG), physical activity level, strength, range of motion, and self‐reported outcomes.ResultsAt six months, there were no between‐group differences in surgical pKEM during walking (primary outcome). The MOVE group exhibited less contralateral pKEM compared to CONTROL during self‐selected gait speed (d = 0.44, P = 0.01). CONTROL performed better on TUG and 30STS at 10 weeks (P < 0.05), but differences attenuated at six months.ConclusionThe MOVE intervention did not lead to improved surgical pKEM during walking after TKA compared to CONTROL. However, the MOVE group did demonstrate less contralateral pKEM during walking. The CONTROL group demonstrated faster recovery on the TUG and 30STS, but it is unknown if this is due to improved recovery in the surgical knee or increased movement compensation relying on contralateral knee function.
A Universal Strategy for Microcapsule Diversity via Interfacial Surfactant Complexation in Fluorocarbon Oil‐Based Triple Emulsions
Authors: Lee Je Hyun , Choi Chang‐Hyung , Lee Hyomin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrofluidic emulsion‐templating offers the preparation of functional microcapsules with tunable compositions and structures that are otherwise inaccessible using conventional methods. However, the inherent nature of emulsions relying on the immiscibility of phases comprising the emulsion limits the use of a single platform for the realization of microcapsules with diversity in shell materials. Herein, fluorocarbon oil‐based triple emulsions are utilized as templates to achieve microcapsule diversity through a single platform. By introducing fluorocarbon oil with omniphobicity as the interstitial phase between the core and the shell phase, additional degrees of freedom are provided in the library of shell materials applicable in the design of functional microcapsules. Moreover, it is demonstrated that surfactant complexation at the emulsion interface effectively enhances the stability of the emulsion. This grants the use of various solidification methods including polymerization, freezing, and even solvent removal without delicate control of spreading coefficients or complex surfactant synthesis processes. The showcased microcapsule diversity signifies pivotal breakthroughs in microencapsulation technologies, illustrating how the synergistic use of fluorocarbon oil and interfacial complexation of surfactants in emulsions provides true freedom in universal microcapsule shell design for various applications including cosmetics, food, drug delivery, and cell therapy to name a few.
A Facile Humidity‐Induced Porous Framework Filled with In Situ Initiated Gel Electrolyte for Stabilizing Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/Li Interface
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Yang Yanan , Sun Yiyang , Zhang Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNASICON‐type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) is a highly competitive solid‐state electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity, nice air stability, and low cost. However, the interface failure resultingfrom the continuous side reaction between LATP and lithium anode limits its further development. Here, a humidity‐induced porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) framework filled with in situ initiated poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL)‐based gel electrolyte is developed to stabilize LATP/Li interface. The porous PVDF framework isolates the direct contact between LATP and Li. The internally filled PDOL‐based gel electrolyte contributes to the smooth and uniform Li+ plating/stripping, which mitigates the interfacial side reaction induced by lithium dendrite penetration. In addition, the used ring‐opening polymerization initiator, Zn(OTf)2, is reduced on the lithium anode to form Li‐Zn alloy which further optimizes Li+ transport. Lithium symmetrical cells assembled with the modified LATP above can stably operate for over 1800 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Also, LFP‐based solid‐state lithium batteries assembled with the modified LATP represent a favourable capacity retention of 94.8% for 700 cycles at 0.2C and 92% for 400 cycles at 0.5C. This work provides a facile organic interface strategy to realize stable LATP/Li interface and shows the promising potential to be universally applicable for stabilizing various rigid and unstable electrolyte/Li interface.
Copolymerization of Poly (Triazine Imide) Single Crystal Nanoplates with Enhanced Charge Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zou Guirong , Wang Qian , Ye Gui , Pan Zhiming , Wang Sibo , Anpo Masakazu , Zhang Guigang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven photocatalytic overall water splitting represents a sustainable strategy to produce green hydrogen using metal‐free polymeric carbon nitride. However, conventional thermal polymerization with a single precursor for the synthesis of poly (triazine imide) faces challenges such as slow deamination rates and mass transfer, resulting in the formation of undesired structural defects, which usually serve as charge recombination sites and decrease the photocatalytic performance. Herein, highly crystalline poly (triazine imide) by thermal copolymerization of binary precursors of melamine and cyanuric acid in the presence of molten salts is reported. The results reveal that melamine and cyanuric acid easily generate melam (intermediates of carbon nitride) and subsequently facilitate the polycondensation process. Solid characterizations revealed that crystalline poly (triazine imide) nanoplates with extended π‐conjugation degrees and reduced intensity of structural defects would be obtained, which largely promotes separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, and inhibits the undesirable charge recombination at the defect sites. Accordingly, after in situ photo‐deposition of CoOx and Pt/Cr2O3 as O2 and H2 evolution co‐catalysts, respectively, the optimized crystalline poly (triazine imide) nanoplates achieve an excellent solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion of 0.30% under simulated sunlight irradiation.
Synergistic Effects of Ruthenium and Zinc Active Sites Fine Tune the Electronic Structures of Augmented Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lu Tingyu , Li Jing , Ying Jingwen , Peng Ningkang , Zhang Linda , Zhang Yizhou , Zhang Di , Ye Songbo , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Li Hao , Gu Yanhui , Tang Yawen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the demand for cleaner energy becomes a paramount objective of sustainable development, the advancement of cutting‐edge engineered materials for a wide range of applications becomes increasingly vital. Tailoring catalyst properties through precise design and electronic state tuning is essential for adapting these materials to large‐scale energy applications. Given this, an effective electronic fine‐tuning (EFT) strategy is presented to optimize the electronic structures of single‐atom Zn site and Ru species, synergistically enhancing the both electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefiting from the interaction between Ru species anchored on hierarchically layered nanosheets and isolated Zn atoms (Ru@Zn‐SAs/N‐C), the catalyst exhibits superior ORR and HER activities compared to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm a novel EFT effect between a single Zn site and Ru species, that enables the Ru@Zn‐SAs/N‐C approaches the optimal scaling relation between *OOH and *OH, breaking the universal ORR scaling limitation. Additionally, the optimal GH* value positions Ru@Zn‐SAs/N‐C near the apex of the theoretical HER volcano model. This work provides an innovative avenue for regulating the electronic localization of catalytic active centers by virtue of carbon substrate and offers valuable insights for designing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Controlled Release of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes from Hydrogels Attenuates Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Diez‐Guardia Victor , Tian Yajing , Guo Yunzhe , Li Jiaying , Cui Shengjie , Dreiss Cécile A. , Gentleman Eileen , Wang Xuedong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a painful inflammatory condition that limits mouth opening. Cell‐derived exosomes, which have anti‐inflammatory effects, are emerging as a treatment for TMJOA. Injection of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which secrete exosomes, can moderate tissue damage in a rat model of TMJOA. However, injected exosomes are quickly cleared, necessitating repeated injections for therapeutic efficacy. Here, vinyl sulfone‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐VS) hydrogels, suitable for encapsulating exosomes are formulated. HA‐VS hydrogels degrade in the presence of hyaluronidase and allow for the release of beads of similar size to exosomes over 3 to 6 days. In a rat model of TMJOA, injection of exosomes or exosomes within HA‐VS hydrogels significantly attenuated damage‐mediated subchondral bone loss as determined by micro‐computed tomography, and reduced inflammatory and tissue damage scores as assessed by histology. Overall, DPSCs‐derived exosomes attenuated joint damage, but treatment with exosomes within HA‐VS hydrogels shows additional protective effects on subchondral bone maintenance and integrity. These findings confirm the protective effects of DPSCs‐derived exosomes in moderating tissue damage in TMJOA and suggest that combining exosomes with HA hydrogels can further promote their therapeutic effects.
Amorphous High‐entropy Phosphide Nanosheets With Multi‐atom Catalytic Sites for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Xiumin , Xie Zhengkun , Roy Soumyabrata , Gao Longqing , Liu Jie , Zhao Bing , Wei Ran , Tang Bijun , Wang Hongyan , Ajayan Pulickel , Tang Keyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mainly encompasses four elementary reactions, involving intermediates such as HO*, O*, and HOO*. Balancing the Gibbs free energies of these intermediates at a single active site is a challenging task. In this work, a high‐entropy metal‐organic framework incorporating Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Y metal elements is synthesized using an electrodeposition method, which then serves as a template for preparing a high‐entropy phosphide/carbon (FeCoNiCuYP/C) composite. Notably, the obtained composite exhibits an amorphous structure with multiple catalytically active sites. Combined theoretical calculations and experimental measurements reveal the critical roles of Co/Ni and Fe atoms in tuning the electronic structure of FeCoNiCuYP and optimizing the binding strength of intermediates. Furthermore, Fe and Ni/Co sites prefer to stabilize the HO* and HOO* intermediates respectively, conducive to breaking their scaling relation of Gibbs free energy during OER. Owing to its fine‐tuned composition and the synergistic effect of multiple active sites, the FeCoNiCuYP/C electrocatalyst demonstrates superior OER performance in alkaline solutions, requiring a mere 316 mV overpotential to yield 100 mA cm−2 current density with excellent stability. This work provides an innovative route to design efficient high‐entropy electrocatalysts, holding significant promise for cutting‐edge electrocatalytic applications.
Self‐Assembled Metal Complexes in Biomedical Research
Authors: Wang Wenting , Xu Yang , Tang Yuqi , Li Quan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCisplatin is widely used in clinical cancer treatment; however, its application is often hindered by severe side effects, particularly inherent or acquired resistance of target cells. To address these challenges, an effective strategy is to modify the metal core of the complex and introduce alternative coordination modes or valence states, leading to the development of a series of metal complexes, such as platinum (IV) prodrugs and cyclometalated complexes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of multifunctional nanomaterials that can selectively deliver drugs to tumor cells, thereby overcoming the pharmacological limitations of metal‐based drugs. This review first explores the self‐assembly of metal complexes into spherical, linear, and irregular nanoparticles in the context of biomedical applications. The mechanisms underlying the self‐assembly of metal complexes into nanoparticles are subsequently analyzed, followed by a discussion of their applications in biomedical fields, including detection, imaging, and antitumor research.