bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different expression of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 during testicular development of yak
Authors: La Yongfu , Ma Fulong , Ma Xiaoming , Bao Pengjia , Chu Min , Liang Chunnian , Guo Xian , Yin Mancai , Li Jiye , Yan Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLuteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) have been shown to be key regulators of germ cell development. However, the role of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 in the development of yak testis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare gene expression and protein localization of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 in the development of yak testes. Testes were collected from 6, 24, 36 and 72 months yak, and the kidney, liver, testicular, lung, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen tissues were collected from 36 months yak. The quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) results showed that the expression of these four genes was widely expressed in kidney, liver, testicular, lung, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen, while the LHR and PRLR were highly expressed in the kidney, skeletal muscle and testis, and higher levels of GH and IGF were expressed in spleen and testis. Moreover, the mRNA expression of these genes in adults was higher than in pre‐pubertal yak. In the testis, the LHR‐, PRLR‐, GH‐ and IGF1‐positive signals were detected in the Leydig cells of the 6 months, while the intense positive signals were discovered in Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the 36 and 72 months. Thus, LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 may be involved in the development of spermatids and spermatocytes, and in the regulation of spermatogonia proliferation and Leydig cell function.
Impact of an oral health education program in Egyptian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A cross sectional study
Authors: Hanafy Rasha MH , Abdelmoniem Soad A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAim: This study was conducted to assess the oral health status in a group of Egyptian children, living with ADHD, before and after the implementation of an oral health education program.Methods: A total of 29 Egyptian children, aged 8–12 years old diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in this study. Their oral health status was assessed using OHI‐S. Oral health education program using audiovisual and verbal methods was addressed to the children and their caregivers. The children were advised to limit eating sugar to be once per week, and to brush their teeth twice a day. Modified Bass Technique of tooth brushing was demonstrated to the children using jaw model and toothbrush. A motivational visit was performed for the children after 1 month. At the end of the 3 months program, oral health status of the children was reassessed.Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in cases with “Good” scores after the oral health education program (p < .001), moreover, there was a significant decrease of OHI‐S scores after the program (p < .001).Conclusion: The oral health education program was efficient in achieving improvement in the oral health status of children with ADHD.
Manifest destiny, American exceptionalism, and the city on a hill seen through Winthrop, O'Sullivan, and Bush: Opportunities for religious peacebuilding
Authors: Cunningham Steven Clark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA dominant theme in the story of the American, city‐on‐a‐hill experience is manifest destiny, a term literally expressing a sense of a rightful, westward expansion across the continent in the late 19th century, but more broadly expressing a general entitlement granted, it is often understood, divinely to an exceptional United States of America. The origins, the political‐versus‐religious undergirding, and the implications of manifest destiny are widely discussed in the literature. Here I focus on three primary texts by John Winthrop, John O'Sullivan, and George W. Bush to argue that, even though Winthrop's and his fellow Puritan immigrants' understanding of their role in the new land was a far cry from that of O'Sullivan—who coined the term “manifest destiny” – the seeds of manifest destiny were brought with these first immigrants to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, later sprouting and blossoming in O'Sullivan's coining, and eventually bearing some of its many fruits Bush's foreign policy. Finally, I will discuss the sociological and other implications of the divine endorsement of such ideas.
Skin measurement devices to assess skin quality: A systematic review on reliability and validity
Authors: Langeveld Mirte , van de Lande Lara S. , O’ Sullivan Eimear , van der Lei Berend , van Dongen Joris A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany treatments aim to slow down or reverse the visible signs of skin aging and thereby improve skin quality. Measurement devices are frequently employed to measure the effects of these treatments to improve skin quality, for example, skin elasticity, color, and texture. However, it remains unknown which of these devices is most reliable and valid.Materials and methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Instruments were scored on reporting construct validity by means of convergent validity, interobserver, intraobserver, and interinstrument reliability.ResultsFor the evaluation of skin color, 11 studies were included describing 16 measurement devices, analyzing 3172 subjects. The most reliable device for skin color assessment is the Minolta Chromameter CR‐300 due to good interobserver, intraobserver, and interinstrument reliability. For skin elasticity, seven studies assessed nine types of devices analyzing 290 subjects in total. No intra and interobserver reliability was reported. Skin texture was assessed in two studies evaluating 72 subjects using three different types of measurement devices. The PRIMOS device reported excellent intra and interobserver reliability. None of the included reviewed devices could be determined to be valid based on construct validity.ConclusionThe most reliable devices to evaluate skin color and texture in ordinary skin were, respectively, the Minolta Chromameter and PRIMOS. No reliable device is available to measure skin elasticity in ordinary skin and none of the included devices could be determined to be designated as valid.
Image of the distribution profile of targets in skin by Raman spectroscopy‐based multivariate analysis
Authors: Kang Yan , Zhang Feiyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopic imaging is a label‐free spectral technology to investigate the distribution of transdermal targets in skin. However, it is difficult to analyze low content of analytes in skin by direct imaging analysis. Combining Raman mapping technology with multiple linear regression algorithms, concentration contribution factor of targets in ex vivo human skin tissue at every point has been calculated. The distribution profiles are visualized as heat maps demonstrating the targets levels in different skin layers. This method has been successfully employed to investigate the vibrational imaging of distribution of hyaluronic acid and lidocaine in skin. Moreover, three dimensional (3D) images of the penetration profiles of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weight have been obtained. The results from 3D images were in good agreement with these from two‐dimensional images, indicating that this method was a reliable way for monitoring the distribution of targets in skin.
Kind‐Level Predicates of Events Inside Another Predication☆
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKind level predicates of events such asthree times, the third time, andoccasionallycan occur as a predicate of an independent predication, or appear as an adverbial, with an event kind‐denoting expression as their argument. The reduced forms of such predicates can surface inside a nominal of another predication, e.g.,Four thousandships passed through the lock last year; Susi bought asecondguitar, andAnoccasionalsailor strolled by. This paper argues that these predicates are displaced from their base‐positions so that an event kind‐denoting expression in the verbal category can be merged as the subject in the event‐kind predication. The proposed overt movement displaces the categorial features of an expression, leaving its semantic features in situ, an operation symmetrical to a covert movement, which displaces the semantic features without categorial features.
Plasma membrane‐localized SEM1 protein mediates sugar movement to sink rice tissues
Authors: Wang Yanwei , Sun Jing , Deng Chen , Teng Shouzhen , Chen Guoxin , Chen Zhenhua , Cui Xuean , Brutnell Thomas P. , Han Xiao , Zhang Zhiguo , Lu Tiegang 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYThe translocation of photosynthate carbohydrates, such as sucrose, is critical for plant growth and crop yield. Previous studies have revealed that sugar transporters, plasmodesmata and sieve plates act as important controllers in sucrose loading into and unloading from phloem in the vascular system. However, other pivotal steps for the regulation of sucrose movement remain largely elusive. In this study, characterization of two starch excesses in mesophyll (sem) mutants and dye and sucrose export assays were performed to provide insights into the regulatory networks that drive source–sink relations in rice. Map‐based cloning identified two allelic mutations in a gene encoding a GLUCAN SYNTHASE‐LIKE (GSL) protein, thus indicating a role for SEM1 in callose biosynthesis. Subcellular localization in rice showed that SEM1 localized to the plasma membrane. In situ expression analysis and GUS staining showed that SEM1 was mainly expressed in vascular phloem cells. Reduced sucrose transport was found in the sem1‐1/1‐2 mutant, which led to excessive starch accumulation in source leaves and inhibited photosynthesis. Paraffin section and transmission electron microscopy experiments revealed that less‐developed vascular cells (VCs) in sem1‐1/1‐2 potentially disturbed sugar movement. Moreover, dye and sugar trafficking experiments revealed that aberrant VC development was the main reason for the pleiotropic phenotype of sem1‐1/1‐2. In total, efficient sucrose loading into the phloem benefits from an optional number of VCs with a large vacuole that could act as a buffer holding tank for sucrose passing from the vascular bundle sheath.
An Analytical Buckling Load Formula for a Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Local Axial Compression
Authors: Yang Licai , Li Yuguang , Qiu Tian , Dong Yuanyuan , Zhang Shanglin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an analytical buckling load formula for a cylindrical shell subjected to local axial compression for the first time, which is achieved by a carefully constructed load description and perturbation procedure. Local axial load is described by introducing an arctangent function first. Then, the analytical solutions of local buckling load coefficients and buckling modes for a locally compressed shell are derived after solving governing differential equations by the perturbation method. For validation, using the presented analytical buckling modes, the Galerkin method is applied to obtain a numerical results, which is an infinite order determinant about local buckling load coefficient. Comparative calculation results show that local buckling load coefficients by the analytical formula are in perfect agreement with numerical ones by the Galerkin method and known results in the literature. Therefore, the validity and accuracy of the presented formula are verified. Engineering application of the analytical formula is also discussed to evaluate local buckling loads of thin-walled cylindrical shell structures such as silos, pressure vessels, and large storage tanks.
Performance Enhancement Analysis of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine by Vortex Trapping Cavity
Authors: Qaissi Khaoula , Elsayed Omer , Faqir Mustapha , Essadiqi Elhachmi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A wind turbine blade has the particularity of containing twisted and tapered thick airfoils. The challenge with this configuration is the highly separated flow in the region of high twist. This research presents a numerical investigation of the effectiveness of a vortex trapping cavity (VTC) on the aerodynamics of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory phase VI wind turbine. First, simulations are conducted on the S809 profile to study the fluid flow compared to the airfoil with the redesigned VTC. Second, the blade is simulated with and without VTC to assess its effect on the torque and the flow patterns. The results show that for high angles of incidence at Rec = 106, the lift coefficient increases by 10% and the wake region appears smaller for the case with VTC. For wind speeds larger than 10 m/s, the VTC improves the torque by 3.9%. This is due to the separation that takes place in the vicinity of the VTC and leads to trapping early separation eddies inside the cell. These eddies roll up forming a coherent laminar vortex structure, which in turn sheds periodically out of the cell. This phenomenon favorably reshapes excessive flow separation, reenergizes the boundary layer, and globally improves blade torque.
Transferable Pipeline Rupture Detection Using Multiple Artificial Intelligence Classifiers During Transient Operations
Authors: MacDonald Chris , Yang Michael , Learn Shawn , Park Simon , Hugo Ron 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There are several challenges associated with existing pipeline rupture detection systems, including an inability to accurately detect during transient conditions (such as changes in pump operating points), an inability to easily transfer from one pipeline configuration to another, and relatively slow response times. To address these challenges, we employ multiple artificial intelligence (AI) classifiers that rely on pattern recognition instead of traditional operator-set thresholds. AI techniques, consisting of two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural networks (CNN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy interface systems (ANFISs), are used to mimic processes performed by operators during a rupture event. This includes both visualization (using CNN) and rule-based decision making (using ANFIS). The system provides a level of reasoning to an operator through the use of rule-based AI. Pump station sensor data is nondimensionalized prior to AI processing, enabling pipeline configurations outside of the training dataset, independent of geometry, length, and medium. AI algorithms undergo testing and training using two data sets: laboratory-collected flow loop data that mimics transient pump-station operations and real operator data that include simulated ruptures using the real time transient model (RTTM). The multiple AI classifier results are fused together to provide higher reliability especially detecting ruptures from pipeline data not used in the training process.
Optimization of Rib Shape and Inclination in a Square Duct With Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Luan Yigang , Yan Lanyi , Yin Yue , Fu Hao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article conducts numerical investigation coupled with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method on detailed flow field and heat transfer characteristics of ribbed channel with symmetric ribs mounted on two walls. The physical domain is modeled by reference to a practical turbine blade internal cooling channel. The effects of three selected geometric factors of ribs, i.e., rib inclination angle, dimensionless rib height, and dimensionless rib pitch, on the flow and heat transfer are investigated by variable-controlled simulations with the Reynolds number ranges from 5000 to 90,000. The parameter ranges are 30 deg ≤ α ≤ 90 deg, 0.5 ≤ e/w ≤ 1.5, and 5 ≤ P/w ≤ 15 with the rib width w fixed at 1 mm. It is newly found that the friction factor does not follow a monotonical trend with respect to the Reynolds number under certain rib configurations. In addition, three-level numerical calculations about three geometric factors as well as the Reynolds number are conducted with the response surface method (RSM). Quadratic regression model for the targeted response, thermal performance factor (TPF), is obtained. The optimal rib shape for the goal of maximizing the channel overall thermal performance turns out to be e/w = 0.5, P/w = 15, and α = 30 deg as Re is fixed at 30,000.
Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to a Flowing Fluid
Authors: Lakis A. A. , Selmane A. , Dupuis C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A theory is presented to predict the influence of non-linearities associated with the wall of the shell and with the fluid flow on the dynamic of elastic, thin, orthotropic open and closed cylindrical shells submerged and subjected to an internal and external fluid. The open shells are assumed to be freely simply-supported along their curved edges and to have arbitrary straight edge boundary conditions. The method developed is a hybrid of thin shell theory, fluid theory and the finite element method. The solution is divided into four parts. In part one, the displacement functions are obtained from Sanders’ linear shell theory and the mass and linear stiffness matrices for the empty shell are obtained by the finite element procedure. In part two, the modal coefficients derived from the Sanders-Koiter non-linear theory of thin shells are obtained for these displacement functions. Expressions for the second and third order non-linear stiffness matrices of the empty shell are then determined through the finite element method. In part three a fluid finite element is developed, the model requires the use of a linear operator for the velocity potential and a linear boundary condition of impermeability.
With the non-linear dynamic pressure, we develop in the fourth part three non-linear matrices for the fluid. The non-linear equation of motion is then solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method. The linear and non-linear natural frequency variations are determined as a function of shell amplitudes for different cases.
Chaotic Oscillations of a Shallow Cylindrical Shell-Panel With a Concentrated Elastic-Support
Authors: Yamaguchi Takao , Nagai Ken-ichi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents numerical solutions on chaotic oscillations of a shallow cylindrical shell-panel excited by a periodic acceleration. The shell with rectangular boundary is simply supported along all edges, and the center of the shell is supported by an elastic spring. The Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov type equation is used with the modification of an inertia force. The governing equation is reduced to a nonlinear differential equation of a multi-degree-of-freedom system by the Bubnov-Galerkin procedure. To estimate regions of the chaotic response, periodic solutions of steady state response are first calculated by the harmonic balance method. Next, time evolutions of the chaotic motion are obtained numerically by the Runge-Kutta-Gill method. The chaotic response accompanied with a dynamic snap-through is identified both by means of Lyapunov exponents and Poincaré projections. For the shell with a spring, the Lyapunov dimension is smaller than for the case without the spring. Multiple modes of vibration contributes to the generation of chaos, in paticular, the higher modes of vibration are significant.
Stability of Regular or Chaotic Post-Buckling Vibration of Elastic Shells
Authors: Mikhlin Yuri V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The models under consideration may be obtained by reduction of the nonlinear shallow-shell equations via the Bubnov-Galerkin procedure. Forced, post-buckling vibrations of the shells are examined.
A two-DOF model makes it possible to study energy “pumping” from one vibration mode to another one, that is to study the stability of the vibration mode. A new stability test is used, based on of the Lyapunov criterion for the case when initial values of perturbations are not arbitrarily small. Calculations are conducted at the points of some chosen mesh on the system parameter space, which are stopped when the boundaries of stability/instability regions become invariable in the chosen scale. Some specific calculations were conducted for shells and arches.
Mutual instability of phase trajectories is a criterion of chaotic behavior in mechanical systems. One compares trajectories with close initial values. The proposed stability test permits to observe the appearance of chaotic behavior regions.
The Role of Modal Coupling on the Non-Linear Response of Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Dynamic Axial Loads
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo B. , Del Prado Zenón J. G. N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the dynamic instability of circular cylindrical shells subjected to time-dependent axial edge loads of the form P(t) = P0+P1(t), where the dynamic component p1(t) is periodic in time and P0 is a uniform compressive load. In the present paper a low dimensional model, which retains the essential non-linear terms, is used to study the non-linear oscillations and instabilities of the shell. For this, Donnell’s shallow shell equations are used together with the Galerkin method to derive a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations of motion which are, in turn, solved by the Runge-Kutta method. To study the non-linear behavior of the shell, several numerical strategies were used to obtain Poincaré maps, stable and unstable fixed points, bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction. Particular attention is paid to two dynamic instability phenomena that may arise under these loading conditions: parametric instability and escape from the pre-buckling potential well. The numerical results obtained from this investigation clarify the conditions, which control whether or not instability may occur. This may help in establishing proper design criteria for these shells under dynamic loads, a topic practically unexplored in literature.
Protecting the Force Through Risk Management
Authors: Hicks James E. , Peusch I. Russell 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As part of a risk management campaign to enhance readiness and protect the capability of the force, the US Army leadership directed an Aviation Safety Investment Strategy Team (ASIST) to chart a path toward breakthrough gains in aviation safety. The ASIST Team was chartered to define measurable accident prevention goals and identify the most important Army-wide investments needed to achieve them. The means to achieve the Army goals will be the integration of accident prevention and risk management requirements into the Aviation planning, programming, and budgeting system. The team has completed an in-depth analysis of accident experience involving all force-modernized aircraft during the last 5 years. Currently, the team is prioritizing and validating requirements in various areas of doctrine, training, leader development, organization, materiel, and soldier performance.
Completing this work has required the team to develop analysis models and techniques significantly different than those previously employed in Army aviation. This paper will outline these methods and assess future requirements to shape safety analysis to support risk management decisions.
Knowledge Sharing for Safety at Federal Facilities
Authors: Kaplan Bruce L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Action Science is a research and intervention method based on values of valid information, informed choice, and internal commitment. It is particularly helpful to people facing complex problems for which there are no simple solutions. It aids in detecting and correcting errors, building a mutual understanding of underlying assumptions and reasoning. It is very useful in discovering the reasons people seem to repeat the same approaches, even when the results are less than desired. It is also useful in successfully designing and implementing the knowledge transfer systems that are increasingly relied upon to improve safety in federal facilities. The author explores the latest concepts about the different ways know-how gained by teams can be shared for improving safety. He shares his own thoughts and experiences wrestling with the difficulties involved and inventing new approaches to addressing old problems and enduring myths.