bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Waste Tire Rubber Particles on Concrete Abrasion Resistance Under High-Speed Water Flow
Authors: Feng Ling-Yun , Chen Ai-Jiu , Liu Han-Dong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRubberized concrete is an environmentally friendly building material that mixes rubber particles from old automobile tires into normal concrete in place of fine aggregate. The addition of rubber particles can improve the abrasion resistance of normal concrete observably. It has a good application prospect in hydraulic engineering, especially in the concrete building parts with high abrasion resistance. However, there are few experimental studies on the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete, and the influence law and mechanism of rubber particles on the abrasion resistance of concrete are not understood. In this paper, the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete is studied using the underwater-steel-ball method. The results show that rubber particles increase the slump of concrete mixtures. The abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete increases significantly with increasing rubber particle content, whereas the compressive strength decreases linearly. For the same rubber particle size and content, the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete positively correlates with compressive strength and larger rubber particles significantly improve the abrasion resistance. Rubber particle content is the factor that most strongly affects abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete, followed by the compressive strength. Rubber particle pretreatment methods of NaOH + KH570 can significantly improve the abrasion resistance of rubberized concrete.
Assessing the potential of biochar aged by humic substances to enhance plant growth and soil biological activity
Authors: Hammerschmiedt Tereza , Holatko Jiri , Pecina Vaclav , Huska Dalibor , Latal Oldrich , Kintl Antonin , Radziemska Maja , Muhammad Sadiq , Gusiatin Zygmunt M. , Kolackova Martina , Nasir Muhammad , Baltazar Tivadar , Ahmed Niaz , Brtnicky Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSoil carbon-rich organic amendments (biochar, humic substances) may improve the quality and fertility of arable soil. Their co-application can additively enhance the beneficial effect on soil. Hypothetically, the pre-treatment of biochar, by aging via soaking in a solution of commercially available humic substances, could result in synergism, which may exceed the benefit from simple co-application of both amendments to the soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biochar, humic substances, the combination of both, and the impact of biochar aged by humic substances solution on soil microbial activities and plant growth in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce.ResultsThe aging of biochar decreased the C:N ratio as compared to non-activated biochar. The co-application of biochar and humic substances into the soil resulted in the highest microbial biomass carbon and respiration activity. The majority of enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase,N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, phosphatase) were the highest in humic substances-amended soil. The application of humic substances and biochar with humic substances seemed to stimulate microbial growth and activity followed by the competition of microflora for nutrients with plants, whereas the aged biochar behaved differently. The plants treated by aged biochar achieved the highest values of dry aboveground and root biomass of all variants. However, the assumed rapid uptake of nutrients by plants resulted in lower nutrient availability for microflora, and a decline in microbial viability.ConclusionsBased on this study, the positive effect of co-applied humic substances and biochar on soil fertility, quality, and health can be concluded. The usability of biochar aging by humic solution requires further study.Graphic abstract
Effects of foliar spray of agricultural grade mineral oil in springtime, in combination with potassium and calcium sulfates on the phenological and biophysical indices of clusters, and foliar nutritional levels in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana (Id. Thompson seedless, Sultanina)
Authors: Karimi Rouhollah , Saberi Abbas , Khadivi Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards.MethodsIn the present study, the early season spray of calcium sulfate (C; 0.00 and 2.00%), potassium sulfate (K; 0.00 and 3.00%), and agricultural grade mineral oil (V; 0.00 and 1.00%) on flower and fruit phenology, nutrient concentration, and cluster biophysical indices and yield of Sultana grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) were investigated for two consecutive years.ResultsBased on the results, the spray of this nutrient combined with mineral oil significantly affected all the treatments except cluster length, berry length, and phosphorus concentration. The highest concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1, and the highest concentrations of zinc and iron were obtained only in the vines treated with mineral oil. In treatments containing mineral oil, especially in combination with the second level of calcium and potassium (V1K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were delayed by 3, 3, and 6 days compared with control vines. While in vines treated with a combination of the second level of potassium and calcium (V0K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were advanced by 5, 4, and 1.50 days, respectively, compared with control vines. Regarding the biophysical indices of the cluster, it was found that the vines treated with V1K1C1had higher cluster weight, berry weight, fruit, and raisins yield than other treatments. Also, the highest berry quality, including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenol content, were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1. However, the lowest berry quality was observed in the vines treated with mineral oil.ConclusionsTherefore, the combination of nutrients with mineral oil can alleviate the adverse effect of mineral oil solely on some phenological indices and berry quality-related traits in vineyards.
Recurrent massive bleeding from a small intestinal arteriovenous malformation after surgery for biliary atresia in an infant: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kudo Wataru , Kouchi Katsunori , Takenouchi Ayako , Matsuoka Aki , Yabe Kiyoaki , Nakazawa Tadao , Hasegawa Atsuko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Small intestinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can cause bleeding. Most small intestinal AVMs occur during adulthood, rarely in infancy. We report a case of an infant with hemorrhage due to small intestinal AVM early and recurrently after Kasai portoenterostomy (PE) for biliary atresia (BA).

Case presentation
A 51-day-old male infant was admitted to our institution for obstructive jaundice. Laparotomic cholangiography revealed BA (IIIb1μ), and Kasai PE was performed at 60 days of age. On postoperative day 17, he developed massive melena and severe anemia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed that the jejunum around the PE site was strongly enhanced with enhancing nodules in the arterial phase, and a wide area of the Roux limb wall was slightly enhanced in the venous phase. As melena continued, emergency laparotomy was performed. There were no abnormal macroscopic findings at the PE site except for a clot in the Roux limb 5 cm away from the PE site, and the Roux limb was resected 5 cm. On further investigation, a red spot was detected on the jejunal serosa 30 cm away from the Roux-en-Y anastomosis site. PE and wedge resection for the red spot were performed. Histopathologically, both specimens indicated AVM. He was jaundice-free 65 days after the first surgery. However, at 7 months of age, he developed massive melena again. Contrast-enhanced CT and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed no bleeding lesions. Hemorrhagic scintigraphy showed a slight accumulation at the hepatic hilum prompting an emergency surgery. Intraoperative endoscopy detected a bleeding lesion at the PE site, and the Roux limb was resected (approximately 6 cm). Intraoperative frozen section analysis of the stump of the resected jejunum revealed no abnormal vessels. PE was performed, and permanent section analysis revealed an AVM in the resected jejunum. The postoperative course was uneventful without re-bleeding.

Conclusions
We experienced a case of recurrent massive bleeding from small intestinal AVM in an infant after surgery for BA. Intraoperative endoscopy and frozen section analysis helped identify the bleeding lesion and perform a complete resection of the small intestinal AVM, even after surgery, in the infant.
Silybum marianum ethanolic extract: in vitro effects on protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus G1 strain with emphasis on other Iranian medicinal plants
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Horton John , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Sharifi Zohreh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) larvae in liver and lungs of both humans and animals. Surgical intervention is the mainstay for CE treatment, using scolicidal agents that inactivate live protoscolices. This study evaluated the scolicidal effects of Silybum marianum ethanolic extract and its combination with albendazole in vitro for the first time. Moreover, in a literature review, we investigated the effects of a wide range of Iranian medicinal plants on protoscolices of E. granulosus.

Methods
S. marianum ethanolic extract was prepared and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to establish the proportions of its component compounds in the extract. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in mouse macrophage cells (J774A.1 cell line) using MTT method. Next, the scolicidal activity of the extract alone and combined with albendazole was tested as triplicate at various concentrations incubated for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min. Finally, protoscolex viability was determined using 0.1% eosin as a vital stain. PCR–RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques were used to characterize the genotype of E. granulosus.

Results
HPLC analysis showed that S. marianum ethanolic extract contained mostly silydianin (14.41%), isosilybin A (10.50%), and silychristin (10.46%). The greatest scolicidal effects were obtained with the combination of S. marianum with albendazole (79%), S. marianum ethanolic extract alone (77%) and albendazole (69%), at a concentration of 500 μg/ml for 60 min, respectively (P < 0.05). Molecular analysis showed that all the cysts used were G1 genotype.

Conclusion
The data suggest that S. marianum ethanolic extract is a potential scolicide in vitro; however, further investigations are required to determine its efficacy in vivo.
Cognitive impairment and depression in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis depending on age and neuroimaging findings
Authors: Kopchak Oksana O. , Odintsova Tetiana A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis is an insidious, disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This work aims to evaluate relationships between cognitive impairment in separate domains, depression and their correspondence with MRI-findings, as well as the influence on each other’s manifestations, in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.

Results
Visual–spatial/executive functions and memory domains suffered more frequently than others in the study subjects under 40 years; in patients over 40 years old memory, visual–spatial/executive functions and abstract thinking impairment prevailed the most. Such cognitive domains as memory, language, abstract thinking, visual–spatial and executive functions were impacted in both groups of patients even without the apparent cognitive decline according to MoCA scale. Presence of depression impacted language and attention more prominently than the rest of the domains only in participants younger 40 years. According to the MRI, frontal lobe, corpus callosum and periventricular area were affected more often compared to other brain regions in case of cognitive impairment; meanwhile, combined lesions of frontal lobe and corpus callosum, fronto-temporal region were associated with depression.

Conclusion
Cognitive impairment and depression are one of the common, yet disabling and socially disrupting manifestations of MS. Quite frequently such complaints are neglected or considered as parts of comorbidities. At the same time cognitive impairment can be amplified by depression, especially in patients under 40 years.
Addition of phenolic compounds to bread: antioxidant benefits and impact on food structure and sensory characteristics
Authors: Czajkowska–González Yesica A. , Alvarez–Parrilla Emilio , del Rocío Martínez–Ruiz Nina , Vázquez–Flores Alma A. , Gaytán–Martínez Marcela , de la Rosa Laura A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of flours or phenolic extracts obtained from non-traditional sources or agri-food industry by-products has been a strategy used to formulate new bakery products with characteristics of a functional food. However, phenolic compounds present great structural diversity, as well as the ability to interact in a complex way with the macromolecules that constitute the bread matrix. Therefore, the addition of these flours, extracts or pure compounds produces various effects on the microstructure of bread, and several of its sensory properties. This is mainly due to interactions between phenolic compounds and gluten proteins. The objective of this review is to analyze some of the most recent published works on the addition of phenolic compounds in wheat bread to identify the type of positive and negative effects that have been observed and how they can be related to the physicochemical interactions between phenolic compounds and the macromolecules that constitute the food matrix, mainly gluten. The effect of monomeric and polymeric phenolic compounds on the strength of these interactions and on the properties of dough and bread are discussed.Graphical Abstract
Simulation Model for Hashimoto Autoimmune Thyroiditis Disease
Authors: Salazar-Viedma Marcela , Vergaño-Salazar Juan Gabriel , Pastenes Luis , D’Afonseca Vivian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a pathology that often causes a gradual thyroid insufficiency in affected patients due to the autoimmune destruction of this gland. The cellular immune response mediated by T helper lymphocytes TH1 and TH17 can induce the HT disease. In this pathologic condition, there is an imbalance between the TH17 and Treg lymphocytes as well as a gut microbiota dysfunction. The objective of this work was to describe the interactions of the cell subpopulations that participate in HT. To achieve this goal, we generated a mathematical model that allowed the simulation of different scenarios for the dynamic interaction between thyroid cells, the immune system, and the gut microbiota. We used a hypothetical-deductive design of mathematical modeling based on a system of ordinary differential equations, where the state variables are the TH1, TH17, and Treg lymphocytes, the thyrocytes, and the bacteria from gut microbiota. This work generated a compartmental model of the cellular immune response occurring in the thyroid gland. It was observed that TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes could increase the immune cells’ activity, as well as activate effector cells directly and trigger the apoptosis and inflammation processes of healthy thyrocytes indirectly. Likewise, the model showed that a reduction in Treg lymphocytes could increase the activity of TH17 lymphocytes when an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition occurred. The numerical results highlight the TH1, TH17, and bacterial balance of the gut microbiota activities as important factors for the development of HT disease.
RH17 restricts reproductive fate and represses autonomous seed coat development in sexual Arabidopsis
Authors: Stein Ron Eric , Nauerth Berit Helge , Binmöller Laura , Zühl Luise , Loreth Anna , Reinert Maximilian , Ibberson David , Schmidt Anja 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Plant sexual and asexual reproduction through seeds (apomixis) is tightly controlled by complex gene regulatory programs, which are not yet fully understood. Recent findings suggest that RNA helicases are required for plant germline development. This resembles their crucial roles in animals, where they are involved in controlling gene activity and the maintenance of genome integrity. Here, we identified previously unknown roles of Arabidopsis RH17 during reproductive development. Interestingly, RH17 is involved in repression of reproductive fate and of elements of seed development in the absence of fertilization. In lines carrying a mutant rh17 allele, development of supernumerary reproductive cell lineages in the female flower tissues (ovules) was observed, occasionally leading to formation of two embryos per seed. Furthermore, seed coat, and putatively also endosperm development, frequently initiated autonomously. Such induction of several features phenocopying distinct elements of apomixis by a single mutation is unusual and suggests that RH17 acts in regulatory control of plant reproductive development. Furthermore, an in-depth understanding of its action might be of use for agricultural applications.
The Drosophila ribosome protein S5 paralog RpS5b promotes germ cell and follicle cell differentiation during oogenesis
Authors: Jang Seoyeon , Lee Jeon , Mathews Jeremy , Ruess Holly , Williford Anna O. , Rangan Prashanth , Betrán Esther , Buszczak Michael 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Emerging evidence suggests that ribosome heterogeneity may have important functional consequences in the translation of specific mRNAs within different cell types and under various conditions. Ribosome heterogeneity comes in many forms, including post-translational modification of ribosome proteins (RPs), absence of specific RPs and inclusion of different RP paralogs. The Drosophila genome encodes two RpS5 paralogs: RpS5a and RpS5b. While RpS5a is ubiquitously expressed, RpS5b exhibits enriched expression in the reproductive system. Deletion of RpS5b results in female sterility marked by developmental arrest of egg chambers at stages 7-8, disruption of vitellogenesis and posterior follicle cell (PFC) hyperplasia. While transgenic rescue experiments suggest functional redundancy between RpS5a and RpS5b, molecular, biochemical and ribo-seq experiments indicate that RpS5b mutants display increased rRNA transcription and RP production, accompanied by increased protein synthesis. Loss of RpS5b results in microtubule-based defects and in mislocalization of Delta and Mindbomb1, leading to failure of Notch pathway activation in PFCs. Together, our results indicate that germ cell-specific expression of RpS5b promotes proper egg chamber development by ensuring the homeostasis of functional ribosomes.
Elevated murine HB-EGF confers sensitivity to diphtheria toxin in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Robles-Oteiza Camila , Ayeni Deborah , Levy Stellar , Homer Robert J. , Kaech Susan M. , Politi Katerina 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTConditional ablation of defined cell populations in vivo can be achieved using genetically engineered mice in which the human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) is placed under control of a murine tissue-specific promotor, such that delivery of DT selectively ablates cells expressing this high-affinity human DTR; cells expressing only the endogenous low-affinity mouse DTR are assumed to be unaffected. Surprisingly, we found that systemic administration of DT induced rapid regression of murine lung adenocarcinomas that express human mutant EGFR in the absence of a transgenic allele containing human DTR. DT enzymatic activity was required for tumor regression, and mutant EGFR-expressing tumor cells were the primary target of DT toxicity. In FVB mice, EGFR-mutant tumors upregulated expression of HBEGF, which is the DTR in mice and humans. HBEGF blockade with the enzymatically inactive DT mutant CRM197 partially abrogated tumor regression induced by DT. These results suggest that elevated expression of murine HBEGF, i.e. the low-affinity DTR, confers sensitivity to DT in EGFR-mutant tumors, demonstrating a biological effect of DT in mice lacking transgenic DTR alleles and highlighting a unique vulnerability of EGFR-mutant lung cancers.
AAGAB is an assembly chaperone regulating AP1 and AP2 clathrin adaptors
Authors: Wan Chun , Crisman Lauren , Wang Bing , Tian Yuan , Wang Shifeng , Yang Rui , Datta Ishara , Nomura Toshifumi , Li Suzhao , Yu Haijia , Yin Qian , Shen Jingshi 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Multimeric cargo adaptors such as AP2 play central roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. We recently discovered that the assembly of the AP2 adaptor complex, a key player in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a highly organized process controlled by alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB, also known as p34). In this study, we demonstrate that besides AP2, AAGAB also regulates the assembly of AP1, a cargo adaptor involved in clathrin-mediated transport between the trans-Golgi network and the endosome. However, AAGAB is not involved in the formation of other adaptor complexes, including AP3. AAGAB promotes AP1 assembly by binding and stabilizing the γ and σ subunits of AP1, and its mutation abolishes AP1 assembly and disrupts AP1-mediated cargo trafficking. Comparative proteomic analyses indicate that AAGAB mutation massively alters surface protein homeostasis, and its loss-of-function phenotypes reflect the synergistic effects of AP1 and AP2 deficiency. Taken together, these findings establish AAGAB as an assembly chaperone for both AP1 and AP2 adaptors and pave the way for understanding the pathogenesis of AAGAB-linked diseases.
Social instability influences rank-specific patterns of oxidative stress in a cichlid fish
Authors: Border Shana E. , Piefke Taylor J. , Funnell Tyler R. , Fialkowski Robert F. , Sawecki Jacob , Dijkstra Peter D. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
In many animal societies, dominant individuals have priority access to resources. However, defending high rank can be costly, especially in unstable social hierarchies where there is more intense competition. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential cost of social dominance, but few studies have examined this cost in relation to social stability. We studied the cost of social dominance in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni by manipulating social stability among males in replicate naturalistic communities for 22 weeks. We found that our social stability treatment influenced status-specific patterns in 3 out of 6 measurements of oxidative stress. Specifically, dominant males experienced increased plasma oxidative damage (measured as reactive oxygen metabolites, ROMs) compared with subordinate males in stable hierarchies only. Subordinate males in unstable hierarchies had higher ROMs than their stable community counterparts, but we found no effect of social stability treatment for dominant males. However, dominant males tended to have reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the liver when compared with subordinate males in unstable hierarchies, suggesting that the cost of social dominance is higher in unstable hierarchies. There were no effects of status and treatment on gonad TAC, muscle TAC or oxidative DNA damage. We conclude that the stability of the social environment influences the relative cost of social dominance in a tissue- and marker-specific manner.