bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of ocean tide background model errors in the context of GRACE/GRACE-FO data processing
Authors: Abrykosov Petro , Sulzbach Roman , Pail Roland , Dobslaw Henryk , Thomas Maik 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYOcean tide (OT) background models (BMs) used for a priori de-aliasing of GRACE/GRACE-FO observations feature distinct spatial uncertainties (primarily in coastal proximity and in latitudes above ±60°), and therefore pose one of the largest contributors to the overall retrieval error. The retrieval performance can be expected to increase if this underlying spatial error distribution is stochastically modelled and incorporated into the data processing chain. In this contribution, we derive realistic error variance-covariance matrices (VCM) based on a set of five state-of-the-art OT models. The additional value of using such VCMs is assessed through numerical closed-loop simulations, where they are rigorously propagated from model to observation level. Further, different approximations of the resulting VCM of observations are assumed, that is full, block-diagonal and diagonal, in order to evaluate the trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy. It is asserted that correctly weighting the OT BM error can improve the gravity retrieval performance by up to three orders of magnitude, provided no further error contributors are considered. In comparison, the overall gain in retrieval performance is reduced to 75 per cent once instrument noise is taken into account. Here, it is shown that simultaneously modelling the OT BM and the instrument errors is critical, as each effect induces different types of correlations between observations, and exclusively considering covariance information based on the sensor noise may degrade the solution. We further demonstrate that the additional benefit of incorporating OT error VCMs is primarily limited by the de-aliasing performance for non-tidal mass variations of atmosphere (A) and oceans (O). This emphasizes the necessity of best-possible AO-de-aliasing (e.g. through optimized processing techniques and/or improved BMs) in order to optimally exploit the OT BM weighting.
Regulating platforms and ecosystems: an introduction
Authors: Jacobides Michael G , Lianos Ioannis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Digital technologies and modular production methods have led to the emergence of a new generation of global leaders which cement their market position by orchestrating digital platforms and ecosystems of complementors, which offer them new ways to create and capture value that often transcend the boundaries of existing sectors. Their business models, built on intangibles such as software code and access to data, support expansion that is both breathtakingly rapid and effectively costless. With capital markets all too willing to invest in these firms’ growth, and regulators unable to rein them in, these firms have been able to accumulate unprecedented power and wealth, with profound implications for competition, the economy, and society itself. This special issue confronts the challenge of regulating platforms and ecosystems head-on, revisiting the economic, strategic, and legal foundations that enable us to detect and redress issues of dominance and competition and address questions of the appropriate conception of and limits of the law. The papers included cover topics including the true nature of competition with an emphasis on dynamics and innovation, new approaches for legal and economic analysis including the alternatives for the “welfare criterion” and the protection of sunk investments, the approaches to take on tech mergers and acquisitions, the virtues and limits of self-regulation, the potential for radical breakups of Big Tech, and the issues of data, when privacy protection and competition steer us in different directions. Contributors also weigh up the case for regulatory intervention, the practical challenges involved, and the future state that we hope such actions will bring about.
Robust multigrid methods for nearly incompressible elasticity using macro elements
Authors: Farrell Patrick E , Mitchell Lawrence , Scott L Ridgway , Wechsung Florian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a mesh-independent and parameter-robust multigrid solver for the Scott–Vogelius discretisation of the nearly incompressible linear elasticity equations on meshes with a macro element structure. The discretisation achieves exact representation of the limiting divergence constraint at moderate polynomial degree. Both the relaxation and multigrid transfer operators exploit the macro structure for robustness and efficiency. For the relaxation we use the existence of local Fortin operators on each macro cell to construct a local space decomposition with parameter-robust convergence. For the transfer we construct a robust prolongation operator by performing small local solves over each coarse macro cell. The necessity of both components of the algorithm is confirmed by numerical experiments.
International Prosecutors as Cause Lawyers
Authors: Batesmith Alex 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article contributes to the developing socio-legal perspectives on the practical realities, power dynamics, and external perceptions of international criminal law (ICL) by exploring the professional sense of self among international prosecutors. Drawing upon original interviews with ‘everyday’ practitioners, the article uses the prism of ‘cause lawyering’ — the practice of law primarily for a lawyer’s moral, political or ideological commitments — to illustrate the struggle between ICL’s legal professionals within Bourdieu’s concept of the juridical field. As a majoritarian practice among international prosecutors, cause lawyering evidences the position-taking of actors who look to assert their authority over and distinction from others within the field, while also exemplifying the strong correlation between professional role and personal identity. Identifying some of the consequences of cause lawyering for ICL, the article concludes by considering the broader implications of a relational study of the discipline’s legal professionals.
Sensitivity to habitable planets in the Roman microlensing survey
Authors: Sajadian Sedighe 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the Roman sensitivity to exoplanets in the Habitable Zone (HZ). The Roman efficiency for detecting habitable planets is maximized for three classes of planetary microlensing events with close caustic topologies. (a) The events with the lens distances of Dl ≳ 7 kpc, the host lens masses of $M_{\rm h}\gtrsim 0.6\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. By assuming Jupiter-mass planets in the HZs, these events have q ≲ 0.001 and d ≳ 0.17 (q is their mass ratio and d is the projected planet-host distance on the sky plane normalized to the Einstein radius). The events with primary lenses, $M_{\rm h} \lesssim 0.1 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, while their lens systems are either (b) close to the observer with Dl ≲ 1 kpc or (c) close to the Galactic bulge, Dl ≳ 7 kpc. For Jupiter-mass planets in the HZs of the primary lenses, the events in these two classes have q ≳ 0.01, d ≲ 0.04. The events in the class (a) make larger caustics. By simulating planetary microlensing events detectable by Roman, we conclude that the Roman efficiencies for detecting Earth- and Jupiter-mass planets in the Optimistic HZs (OHZs, which is the region between [0.5, 2] au around a Sun-like star) are 0.01 and $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. If we assume that one exoplanet orbits each microlens in microlensing events detectable by Roman (i.e. ∼27 000), this telescope has the potential to detect 35 exoplanets with the projected planet-host distances in the OHZs with only one having a mass ≲10M⊕. According to the simulation, 27 of these exoplanets are actually in the OHZs.
Reducing the use of sleep-inducing drugs during hospitalization by a multi-faceted intervention – a pilot study
Authors: Heinemann Stephanie , Klemperer Jonas , Hummers Eva , Nau Roland , Himmel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesMany patients receive benzodiazepines or Z-drugs during hospitalization due to sleeping problems. In a pilot study, we aimed to find out whether, and to what degree, a multi-faceted intervention can reduce the use of these drugs, especially in older patients and those without a psychiatric or neurological disorder. The results of this pilot study should inform the design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT).MethodsIn a quasi-experimental design, we implemented the intervention in a German hospital with the support of the hospital director, medical and nursing staff and employee representatives. We compared prescription data for sleep-inducing drugs before and after the intervention by Fisher’s exact test and used Odds-Ratios (ORs) with their 95 % confidence intervals (CI) as measure of effect size.ResultsThe data from 960 patients aged 65 and older before intervention and 1049 patients after intervention were analysed. Before intervention, 483 (50.3%) of the patients received sleep-inducing drugs at some time during their hospital stay. After the intervention, 381 (36.3%) patients received a sleep-inducing drug, resulting in an OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.68; p <0.001). The reduction was particularly pronounced in patients without a psychiatric or neurological disorder (from 45.0% to 28.8%). Especially benzodiazepines were significantly reduced (from 24.3% to 8.5%; OR: 0.31 (0.23-0.4); <0.001).ConclusionsA multi-faceted intervention to change the practice of the use of sleep-inducing drugs in one hospital was successful in terms of drug reduction, particularly for benzodiazepines. The intervention was effective especially for target persons, i.e. those without a psychiatric or neurological disease. Being aware of the magnitude of the change and the role of important stakeholders could help researchers, hospital physicians and hospital pharmacists to design a large RCT, including control hospitals, to evaluate the success of a multi-faceted intervention on a scientifically sound basis.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known on this subjectBenzodiazepines and Z-drugs are still too often used for sleep problems in hospitals.Simple interventions, such as training seminars to reduce the use of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, and other drugs for insomnia treatment are limited in their effect.What this study addsThe intervention significantly reduced the rate of sleep-inducing drugs by 14 percentage points.The results of this pilot study give a first impression of the possible impact of the interventions and provide essential information for the design of a randomized controlled study.
Global and Local Head Direction Coding in the Human Brain
Authors: Shine J. P. , Wolbers T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrientation-specific head direction (HD) cells increase their firing rate to indicate one’s facing direction in the environment. Rodent studies suggest HD cells in distinct areas of thalamus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) code either for global (relative to the wider environment) or local (e.g., room-specific) reference frames. To investigate whether similar neuroanatomical dissociations exist in humans, we reanalysed functional magnetic resonance imaging data in which participants learned the orientation of unique images in separate local environments relative to distinct global landmarks (Shine, Valdés-Herrera, Hegarty, & Wolbers, 2016). The environment layout meant that we could establish two separate multivariate analysis models in which the HD on individual trials was coded relative either to global (North, South, East, West) or local (Front, Back, Right, Left) reference frames. Examining the data first in key regions of interest (ROI) for HD coding, we replicated our previous results and found that global HD was decodable in the thalamus and precuneus; the RSC, however, was sensitive only to local HD. Extending recent findings in both humans and rodents, V1 was sensitive to both HD reference frames. Additional small volume-corrected searchlight analyses supported the ROI results and indicated that the anatomical locus of the thalamic global HD coding was located in the medial thalamus, bordering the anterior thalamus, a region critical for global HD coding in rodents. Our findings elucidate further the putative neural basis of HD coding in humans, and suggest that distinct brain regions code for different frames of reference in HD.Significance statementHead direction (HD) cells provide a neural signal as to one’s orientation in the environment. HD can be coded relative to global or local (e.g., room-specific) reference frames, with studies suggesting that distinct areas of thalamus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) code for this information. We reanalysed fMRI data where human participants associated images with global HDs before undergoing scanning. The design enabled us to examine both global and local HD coding. Supporting previous findings, global HD was decodable in thalamus, however the RSC coded only for local HD. We found evidence also for both reference frames in V1. These findings elucidate the putative neural basis of HD coding in humans, with distinct brain regions coding for different HD reference frames.
Cryo-electron microscopy revealed TACAN is extensively and specifically associated with membrane lipids
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fan Fengying , Dong Lili , Wang Qingxia , Zhou Yue , Gao Rongchao , Yu Xuekui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTACAN is not a mechanosensitive ion channel but significantly linked to the mechanical hyperalgesia. In this study, we show that the human TACAN is a homodimer with each monomer consisting of a body, a spring and a blade domains. The body domain contains six transmembrane helices that forms an independent channel. The spring domain adapts a loop-helix-loop configuration with the helix running within and parallel to the membrane. The blade domain is composed of two cytoplasmic helices. In addition, we found that all the helices of the body and the spring domains are specifically associated with membrane lipids. Particularly, a lipid core, residing within a cavity formed by the two body and spring domains, contacts with the helices from the body and spring domains and extends to reach two symmetrically arranged lipid clusters. These results extremely imply that the membrane lipids coordinate with the membrane-embedded protein to sense and transduce the mechanic signal.
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 plays oncogenic roles through specific regulation of m6A RNA modification
Authors: Cun Yixian , An Sanqi , Zheng Haiqing , Lan Jing , Chen Wenfang , Luo Wanjun , Yao Chengguo , Li Xincheng , Huang Xiang , Sun Xiang , Wu Zehong , Hu Yameng , Li Ziwen , Zhang Shuxia , Wu Geyan , Yang Meisongzhu , Tang Miaoling , Yu Ruyuan , Liao Xinyi , Gao Guicheng , Zhao Wei , Wang Jinkai , Li Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSerine/Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor 7 (SRSF7), which is previously recognized as a splicing factor, has been revealed to play oncogenic roles in multiple cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic roles have not been well addressed. Here, based on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) co-methylation network analysis across diverse cell lines, we found SRSF7 positively correlated with glioblastoma cell-specific m6A methylation. We then proved SRSF7 is a novel m6A regulator that specifically facilitates the m6A methylation near its binding sites on the mRNAs involved in cell proliferation and migration through recruiting methyltransferase complex. Moreover, SRSF7 promotes the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells largely dependent on the m6A methyltransferase. The two single-nucleotide m6A sites on PBK are regulated by SRSF7 and partially mediate the effects of SRSF7 on glioblastoma cells through recognition by IGF2BP2. Together, our discovery revealed a novel role of SRSF7 in regulating m6A and timely confirmed the existence and functional importance of RNA binding protein (RBP) mediated specific regulation of m6A.
Resting brain activity emerges from wave propagating along spatiotemporal varying hyper-structural connectome
Authors: Wang Yanjiang , Ma Jichao , Meng Qingwei , Chen Xue , Du Chunyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow spontaneous brain activities emerge from the structural connectivity (SC) has puzzled researchers for a long time. The underlying mechanism still remains largely unknown. Previous studies on modeling the resting-state human brain functional connectivity (FC) are normally based on the relatively static structural connectome directly and very few of them concern about the dynamic spatiotemporal variability of FC. Here we establish an explicit wave equation to describe the spontaneous cortical neural activities based on the high-order hypergraph representation of SC. Theoretical solution shows that the dynamic couplings between brain regions fluctuates in the form of an exponential wave regulated by the spatiotemporal varying Laplacian of the hyper-structural connectome (hSC), which orchestrates the cortical activities propagating in both space and time. Ultimately, we present a possible mechanism of how negative correlations emerge during the fluctuation of the hypergraph Laplacian of SC, which helps to further understand the fundamental role of SC in shaping the entire pattern of FC with a new perspective. Comprehensive tests on four connectome datasets with different resolutions confirm our theory and findings.
Fifty years of the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: the legislative contexts
Authors: Stothard Blaine 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the history of relevant legislation before and after the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA).

Design/methodology/approach
A chronological narrative of laws and reports with concluding discussion.

Findings
That UK legislators have not made use of the evidence base available to them and have favoured enforcement rather than treatment approaches. That current UK practice has exacerbated not contain the use of and harms caused by illegal drugs.

Research limitations/implications
The paper does not cover all relevant documents, especially those from non-governmental sources.

Practical implications
The practical implications centre on the failure of consecutive governments to reflect on and review the impact of current legislation, especially on people who use drugs.

Social implications
That the situations of people who use drugs are currently ignored by the government and those proven responses which save lives and reduce harm are rejected.

Originality/value
The paper attempts to show the historical contexts of control and dangerousness of which the MDA is one instrument.
Marketing the past over the long run: uses of the past in French accounting textbooks, 17th-19th c.
Authors: Labardin Pierre , Gervais Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
A growing share of the literature in the fields of marketing and organizational theory is focusing on the uses of the past. This paper aims to propose an analysis of these uses over the long run and concludes that these uses of the past may themselves be historicized.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses accounting textbooks published in French from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. This study uses historical and organizational literature to account for observed variations.

Findings
Two conceptualizations of the past can be found in the sources from the period studied, depending on the period one considers, each of them leading to a different marketing strategy. In the first one, the past is presented as providing most or even all the value of what is offered in the present, as past experience serves as a stepping stone to a better product. The second conception breaks with these mostly positive views and presents the past as a dangerous routine, from which one must be freed to innovate.

Originality/value
Studying marketing uses of the past over the long run allows us to identify a limited set of possible sales pitches using the past to promote work and to identify the constraints orienting these pitches at any given time.
The impact COVID-19 has had on diverse talent
Authors: Reichwald Simon 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact COVID-19 has had on diverse talent across the UK and explores how HR teams can now better support individuals of all backgrounds in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
The author draws on his experience as Strategic Lead for Talent at MyKindaFuture, as well as being former Honorary Vice President of the Institute of Student Employers.

Findings
While COVID-19 has posed huge challenges to many underrepresented groups and put D&I initiatives on hold across the country, the past 18 months have also brought with it some positive progress, with many new opportunities beginning to open up for diverse talent.

Originality/value
Readers can benefit from the author’s unique perspective and experience of working with organisations to develop, implement and deliver talent strategies, with a focus on tapping into overlooked talent pools and then improving the diversity of that talent.
The impact of Medicaid expansion on emergency department wait times
Authors: Allen Lindsay , Gian Cong T. , Simon Kosali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of Medicaid expansion on emergency department (ED) wait times.Data sourcesWe used 2012–2017 hospital‐level secondary data from the CMS Hospital Compare data warehouse.Study designWe used a state‐level difference‐in‐differences approach to identify the impact of Medicaid expansion on four measures of ED wait times: time before being seen by a provider; time before being sent home after being seen by a provider; boarding time spent in the ED waiting to be discharged to an inpatient room; and the percentage of patients who left without being seen. We compared outcomes in states that expanded Medicaid with those in states that did not expand Medicaid.Data collection/extraction methodsOur sample included all US acute care hospitals with EDs in states that did not ever expand Medicaid or that fully expanded Medicaid in January of 2014.Principal findingsMedicaid expansion was associated with a 3.1‐min increase (SE: 0.994, baseline mean: 30.8 min) in the time spent waiting to see an ED provider, a relative increase of 10%. Patients who were eventually sent home after being seen by a provider experienced a 7.5‐min increase (SE: 1.8, baseline mean 142.1 min) in wait time. Boarding time rose by 3.8 min (SE 1.9, baseline mean 111.4 min). The percentage of patients who left without being seen rose by 0.3 percentage points (SE: 0.09, baseline mean 2.0), a relative increase of 15.3%.ConclusionsThis study provides multistate evidence that Medicaid expansion increased ED wait times for patients, indicating that ED crowding may have worsened post‐expansion. Future work should aim to uncover the mechanisms through which insurance expansion increased ED wait times to provide policy direction.