bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA482/2118, a miRNA superfamily essential for both disease resistance and plant development
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Waseem Muhammad , Zeng Zaohai , Xu Jing , Chen Chengjie , Liu Yuanlong , Zhai Jixian , Xia Rui 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21–24 nucleotides (nt) noncoding small RNAs ubiquitously distributed across the plant kingdom. miR482/2118, one of the conserved miRNA superfamilies originating from gymnosperms, has divergent main functions in core‐angiosperms. It mainly regulates NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE‐LEUCINE‐RICH REPEAT (NBS‐LRR) genes in eudicots, functioning as an essential component in plant disease resistance; in contrast, it predominantly targets numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in monocot grasses, which are vital for plant reproduction. Usually, miR482/2118 is 22‐nt in length, which can trigger the production of phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) after directed cleavage. PhasiRNAs instigated from target genes of miR482/2118 enhance their roles in corresponding biological processes by cis‐regulation on cognate genes and expands their function to other pathways via trans activity on different genes. This review summarizes the origin, biogenesis, conservation, and evolutionary characteristics of the miR482/2118 superfamily and delineates its diverse functions in disease resistance, plant development, stress responses, etc.
A prospective evaluation of the clinical safety and effectiveness of a COVID‐19 Urgent Eyecare Service across five areas in England
Authors: Swystun Alexander G , Davey Christopher J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough urgent primary eye care schemes exist in some areas of England, their current safety is unknown. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to quantify the clinical safety and effectiveness of a COVID‐19 Urgent Eyecare Service (CUES) across Luton, Bedford, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire and Harrogate.MethodsConsenting patients with acute onset eye problems who had accessed the service were contacted to ascertain what the optometrist's recommendation was, whether this worked, if they had to present elsewhere and how satisfied they were with the CUES.ResultsA total of 27% (170/629) and 6.3% (28/445) of patients managed virtually and in person, respectively, did not have their acute eye problem resolved. Regression analysis revealed that patients who attended a face‐to‐face consultation were 4.66 times more likely to be correctly managed [Exp (β) = 5.66], relative to those solely managed virtually. Optometrists' phone consultations failed to detect conditions such as stroke, intracranial hypertension, suspected space occupying lesions, orbital cellulitis, scleritis, corneal ulcer, wet macular degeneration, uveitis with macular oedema and retinal detachment. Of referrals to hospital ophthalmology departments, in total, 19% were false‐positives. Patients, however, were typically very satisfied with the service. Uptake was associated with socioeconomic status.ConclusionThe present study found that a virtual assessment service providing optometrist tele‐consultations was not effective at resolving patients' acute‐onset eye problems. The range and number of pathologies missed by tele‐consultations suggests that the service model in the present study was detrimental to patient safety. To improve this, optometrists should follow evidence based guidance when attempting to manage patients virtually, or in person. For example, patients presenting with acute‐onset symptoms of flashing lights and/or floaters require an urgent dilated fundus examination. Robust data collection on service safety is required on an ongoing basis.
‘It’s like having a core belief that’s able to speak back to you’: Therapist accounts of dialoguing with auditory hallucinations
Authors: Longden Eleanor , Branitsky Alison , Jones Wendy , Peters Sarah 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo investigate the clinical perspectives and experiences of therapists when engaging in direct dialogue with auditory hallucinations.MethodTherapist accounts were explored via a qualitative study nested within a pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel intervention for supporting distressed voice‐hearers (Talking with Voices). Five therapists were involved, none of whom had substantive previous experience of the technique. All agreed to take part in two semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews which were arranged prior to delivering therapy and again after therapists had experience of conducting dialogues. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants described their impressions of seeking to improve the relationship between voice(s) and voice‐hearer using dialogue. The findings are organized within three main themes and associated subthemes: (1) Commitment to delivery (professional values, mentorship, professional growth); (2) Communication and collaboration (therapeutic alliance, relationships with voices, managing clinical perceptions); and (3) Challenges of delivery (client/voice engagement, impact of trauma, systemic issues). A series of recommendations are derived from the findings to support implementation and guide the practice of therapists undertaking dialogue work with clients who hear voices.ConclusionDespite clinical challenges, therapists also identified professional gains from conducting their work. Their accounts demonstrate that it is possible for practitioners with no previous formal experience to engage in direct communication with voices within a context of appropriate training and supervision.Practitioner points

Therapists with no previous experience of dialogue work can be trained and supported to verbally engage with the voices heard by people experiencing psychosis.

Therapeutic alliance and therapist values are important components of successful therapy.

Confidence for dialoguing with voices can be increased through drawing on therapist’s existing transferable clinical skills.

The emotional and practical needs of therapists undertaking such work should be addressed through training and regular group supervision.
The effects of sexual harassment training on proximal and transfer training outcomes: A meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: Roehling Mark V. , Wu Dongyuan , Choi Mahl Geum , Dulebohn James H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWidespread agreement that training can play a key role in addressing workplace sexual harassment (SH) has led to a dramatic increase in employer‐provided SH training around the world. However, summaries of published research have been qualitative in nature and have yielded inconsistent assessments of SH training's effectiveness in fulfilling that role. The study helps address those uncertain and sometimes conflicting assessments by providing the first meta‐analytic investigation of the relationships between SH training and changes in trainees. We found that the largest SH training effect was on declarative knowledge learning (δ = 1.06), followed by attitude change (δ = 0.41), procedural knowledge‐skills learning (δ = 0.39), and transfer outcomes (δ = 0.14). Significant moderating effects were found for scope of training, instructional method, and gender of trainees; however, the results varied by training outcome. The effect of SH training did not vary significantly as a function of the training delivery media, training duration, or training setting. Theoretical implications, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
Alternative capstone nursing experience to scale up testing and case investigation
Authors: Diamond‐Caravella Monica , Fox Alison , Clark Marissa , Goodstone Lori , Glaser Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurges related to the SARS‐COV2 virus in the United States have underscored the critical importance of large‐scale testing, case investigation and contact tracing. Baccalaureate nursing students have the potential to serve as surge capacity workforce in mitigation measures during this public health emergency.MethodsOver the course of eight weeks (September‐December 2020) baccalaureate senior capstone nursing students served as case investigators for a local health department (LHD) on Long Island, New York and surveillance pooled saliva testers for their college to ensure compliance with a state‐wide COVID‐19 testing mandate. To determine student perceptions working in these concurrent novel academic‐partnerships during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a descriptive survey of open‐ended interview questions was completed by student participants (n = 10).ResultsAnalysis of aggregate responses revealed common themes across the data set linking student learning and appreciation of the “eye‐opening” experience to a sense of purpose, the value of communication, education and teamwork—all within the structure of public health nursing.ConclusionsBaccalaureate nursing students can effectively serve as an untapped workforce within an academic partnership to support surveillance testing and case investigation during the COVID‐19 pandemic and future public health crises. This partnership had the added benefit of exposing nursing students to the critical nature of public health nursing during this historic time in our nation.
MusaATAF2 like protein, a stress‐related transcription factor, induces leaf senescence by regulating chlorophyll catabolism and H2O2 accumulation
Authors: Bhakta Subham , Negi Sanjana , Tak Himanshu , Singh Sudhir , Ganapathi Thumbali R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNAC transcription factors are known for their diverse role in plants. In this study, we have demonstrated the role of MusaATAF2, a banana NAC transcription factor, in leaf senescence. Its expression gets strongly up‐regulated during the early stress responses of drought and high salinity exposure and down‐regulated under ABA application, which suggests MusaATAF2 is a stress‐related NAC transcription factor. To study the role of MusaATAF2 in banana, we have transformed the banana embryogenic cells with MusaATAF2 coding region and generated transgenic banana plants. Overexpression of MusaATAF2 in banana plants caused yellow leaf phenotype under control condition, suggesting its role as a senescence‐associated transcription factor. Transgenic banana leaves exhibited low chlorophyll content and high H2O2 accumulation. Hormone analysis of the leaves demonstrated a higher accumulation of ABA in the transgenic plants than the controls. Transgenic plants overexpressing MusaATAF2 have a higher transcript abundance of two chlorophyll catabolic pathway genes (PAO and HCAR) and lower transcript abundance of ROS scavenging enzymes (TDP, THIO, CAT, APX, and PRXDN) than control. Together, all these analyses indicate that MusaATAF2 induces senescence by inducing chlorophyll degradation and H2O2 accumulation in banana plants and controls its own expression using an ABA‐dependent feedback loop.
Prevalence and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Kortt Nicholas C. , Santhakumar Cositha , Davis Rebecca J. , Strasser Simone I. , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Liu Ken , Majumdar Avik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimData are limited on whether Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the first year after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with increased mortality. In an Australian setting without hypervirulent strain of C. difficile we investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and patient survival associated with CDI in LT.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent deceased‐donor LT from 2007 to 2017 were studied retrospectively. Prevalence and long‐term outcomes of LT recipients with and without CDI were examined in the entire LT cohort. A case–control study was performed to investigate risk factors associated with CDI.ResultsSix hundred and forty‐nine patients underwent LT, of which 32 (4.9%) were diagnosed with CDI within the first 12 months post‐LT. There was no difference in patient survival in the overall LT cohort on Kaplan–Meier analysis when stratified by CDI status (log‐rank test, p = .08). Furthermore, age was the only predictor of mortality on Cox regression (hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.13, p = .03). On multivariable logistic regression, rifaximin pre‐LT reduced risk (odds ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.65–0.74, p = .01) whereas antibiotics pre‐LT (OR 7.02, 95% CI 1.26–39.01, p = .03) and length of hospital stay after LT (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = .02) were associated with increased risk of CDI.ConclusionsWithin the local setting of our study, CDI within 12 months post‐LT is of low severity, associated with pre‐LT antibiotic exposure and longer hospital stay but no survival impact after LT. Rifaximin use pre‐LT reduced the risk of CDI post‐LT.
Powassan virus: What is the risk to the blood supply?
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Katz Louis M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPowassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick‐borne arbovirus that is found widely in Canada, the Northeastern and Northcentral United States, and the Russian Far East. While still rare, there has been an increase in reported cases of POWV disease over the last decade; most (>90%) cases have been neuroinvasive and the associated fatality rate is high (>10%). Transfusion‐associated risk of POWV remains uncertain; while no intervention is likely indicated, one probable case of transfusion‐transmitted POWV in the context of an increase in the incidence of POWV and other tick‐borne infections, merits vigilance.
Evidence for impaired chronotropic responses to and recovery from 6‐minute walk test in women with post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome
Authors: Baranauskas Marissa N. , Carter Stephen J. 
Published: November 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Are chronotropic responses to a 6‐minute walk test different in women with post‐acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) syndrome compared with control subjects?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Compared with control subjects, the increase in heart rate was attenuated and recovery delayed after a 6‐minute walk test in participants after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Women reporting specific symptoms at time of testing had greater impairments compared with control subjects and SARS‐CoV‐2 participants not actively experiencing these symptoms. Such alterations have potential to constrain not only exercise tolerance but also participation in free‐living physical activity in women during post‐acute recovery from COVID‐19.

AbstractThe short‐term cardiopulmonary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are well defined. However, the implications of cardiopulmonary sequelae, persisting beyond acute illness, on physical function are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized heart rate responses to and recovery from a 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) in women ∼3 months after mild‐to‐moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared with non‐infected control subjects. Forty‐five women (n = 29 SARS‐CoV‐2; n = 16 controls; age = 56 ± 11 years; body mass index = 25.8 ± 6.0 kg/m2) completed pulmonary function testing and a 6MWT. The SARS‐CoV‐2 participants demonstrated reduced total lung capacity (84 ± 8 vs. 93 ± 13%; P = 0.006), vital capacity (87 ± 10 vs. 93 ± 10%; P = 0.040), functional residual capacity (75 ± 16 vs. 88 ± 16%; P = 0.006) and residual volume (76 ± 18 vs. 93 ± 22%; P = 0.001) compared with control subjects. No between‐group differences were observed in 6MWT distance (P = 0.194); however, the increase in heart rate with exertion was attenuated among SARS‐CoV‐2 participants compared with control subjects (+52 ± 20 vs. +65 ± 18 beats/min; P = 0.029). The decrease in heart rate was also delayed for minutes 1–5 of recovery among SARS‐CoV‐2 participants (all P < 0.05). Women reporting specific symptoms at the time of testing had greater impairments compared with control subjects and SARS‐CoV‐2 participants not actively experiencing these symptoms. Our findings provide evidence for marked differences in chronotropic responses to and recovery from a 6MWT in women several months after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Free Vibration of Sandwich Flat Panels With Laminated Anisotropic Face Sheets
Authors: Hause Terry , Librescu Liviu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A study of the effect of anisotropy of face-sheets and of other physical/geometrical parameters on eigenfrequency characteristics of flat sandwich panels is presented. The study is carried out in the context of an advanced model of sandwich structures. A detailed analysis of the influence of a large number of parameters associated with the panel geometry, fiber orientation and stacking sequence in the face sheets, and material properties of the core is accomplished, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. Validations of frequency predictions obtained within the present structural model against the few ones available in the specialized literature are accomplished, and excellent agreements are reported.
Analysis of a New Paper Feeder Design
Authors: Shaw Dein , Chi Wei-Hsiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new paper feeder design of an apparatus that need a sheet of paper is proposed in this study. The weak point of a patented paper feeder was point out in this study. To improve that weak point, a new design including two arms, four gears and a slider was developed. The paper feeding mechanism of this study depends on the buckling of the paper sheet. Therefore, the buckling of a paper sheet is a very important parameter of designing the paper feeder. To make the design correct, a theoretical buckling model of the paper was developed. The analysis results were compared with the experiment results. Finally, the new design of best performance was presented.
Damage Evolution and Failure Modeling in Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Tandon G. P. , Kim R. Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A study is conducted to examine and predict the micromechanical failure modes in a unidirectional composite when subjected to tensile loading parallel to the fibers. Experimental observations are made at some selected stress levels to identify the initiation and growth of micro damage during loading. The axisymmetric damage model of a concentric cylinder is then utilized to postulate and analyze some failure scenarios.
Impact-Induced Damage Progression in 2-D and 3-D Woven Composite Systems
Authors: Baucom Jared N. , Zikry Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The role of fabric architecture on the impact-induced damage progression and perforation resistance of glass-fiber reinforced vinyl-ester resin panels under dynamic loading condition is investigated. Three fabric preforms are considered: a 2-dimensional, plain-woven laminate, a commercially available biaxially reinforced warp-knit, and a 3-dimensional, orthogonally woven preform. Composite samples are subjected to multiple impacts, until perforation, and the impactor position and acceleration are monitored throughout each event, resulting in a visualization of dynamic energy dissipation. Failure modes of the various material systems are characterized. The radial damage expansion was smallest for the 2-d laminate, larger for the biaxially-reinforced warp-knit, and largest for the 3-d orthogonal woven composite. The 3-d composite survived more hits and dissipated more total energy than the other systems. The difference may be due to the additional energy absorption mechanisms, which involve the crimped portion of z-tows in the 3-d composites. This implies that failure may be controlled by manipulation of the properties of the z-tows. It also indicates that the surface condition of 3-d orthogonally woven composites can strongly affect the progression of impact-induced damage.
On Delamination Branching of Anisotropic Bimaterials
Authors: Li R. , Kardomateas G. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phenomena of delamination branching/kinking from the interface of general anisotropic bimaterials are investigated based on the elegant Stroh’s sextic formulism of dislocation theory in matrix notation. A set of compact form of Green’s functions for two kinds of dislocation — an interface dislocation and a dislocation in one medium of the bimaterial elastic solid is obtained. Using these Green’s functions, the whole delamination including the interface part and the part branching into either one of the dissimilar anisotropic materials is modeled as a continuous distribution of the two kinds of dislocations. An interesting observation from this method is that the traction along the dislocation line when the dislocation is inside one medium, mathematically has similar form as the traction on the interface surface due to an interface dislocation. Thus a non-homogeneous Hilbert problem with discontinuous coefficients for this anisotropic bimaterials is formulated and a general solution to this problem is obtained. Consequentially, a preferable value of the branching angle for a given pair of anisotropic bimaterial media can be obtained by maximizing the energy release rate of the kinking-cracked solid. The comparison of other approaches which have appeared in the literature are discussed.
On Predicting the Dynamic Failure in Composite Materials Under Compressive and Tensile Loads
Authors: Vinson Jack R. , Xiao Shengkuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Simple polynomial equations are presented for the ultimate strength and the modulus of elasticity as a function of strain rate for various unidirectional and quasi-isotropic composite materials used by government and industrial organizations. Included are several glass, graphite and aramid fiber composites. These are in various thermoset and thermoplastic polymeric matrices. Also included are stitched composites as well as one silicon carbide aluminum metal matrix composite. In addition, tensile properties are modeled for two woven composite materials. Through these equations, dynamic material properties may be used easily in the design and analysis of structures employing these materials rather than using the usual static properties. In all, the dynamic properties of fourteen different composite materials are characterized.
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation of Impact Damage in Composite Laminates
Authors: Minnaar K. , Zhou M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new experimental technique is developed to determine the onset and evolution of delamination in fiber-reinforced composites. The configuration uses a split-Hopkinson bar for low-velocity impact loading and two Polytec laser vibrometer systems for real-time monitoring of the initiation and progression of delamination. The experiment allows the histories of load, displacement, and velocity of impacted specimens to be recorded and analyzed. Numerical simulations are conducted using a cohesive finite element method. The method employs a cohesive zone model to simulate in-ply cracking and interlaminar delamination and a transversely isotropic, elastic model to characterize the bulk behavior of each ply. The simulations provide time-resolved characterization of damage during the impact loading. The time at which delamination is detected decreases as the impact velocity is increased, and delamination is detected at similar surface displacements. The progression of damage changes as the bonding strength between plies is increased. The speed of delamination decreases as the bonding strength is increased.