bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction and intention to return for donation among non-remunerated blood donors in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Pei Pei , Chang Chee Tao , Rahman Jernih Abdul , Noor Sabariah Mohd 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn Malaysia, blood supply relies mainly on non-remunerated blood donors. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction and experience of blood donors during the blood donation process and their intention to return for donation in future.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducting using a self-administered questionnaire among blood donors. Study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital and two mobile sites in the Perak state of Malaysia. The questionnaire was initially developed in the Malay language with 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire comprised of three domains: i) sociodemographic characteristics ii) donor’s satisfaction towards staff iii) donors’ experience and satisfaction towards the donation process. ResultOf the 400 questionnaires distributed, 369 (92.3%) were analysed. The mean age of the donors was 35.98±10.67 years. Most of the donors were male (75.1%), of Malay ethnicity (60.2%) and regular donors (65.6%). Majority of the blood donors reported high satisfaction towards the interviewer (99.0%), blood taking skill of the staff (97.5%), politeness and friendliness of the staff (99.5%) and communication with the staff (98.9%). Minority of the blood donors expressed dissatisfaction towards the parking spaces (13.4%), refreshment (0.8%), and the blood donation operation hours (0.8%). Generally, the respondents had high overall satisfaction level (99.2%) and high intention to donate blood again in the future (98.9%). Conclusion Blood donors in the current study were highly satisfied towards the staff and blood donation process. Translation of high intention to return for donation to actual donation behaviour require further exploration in future studies.
Cognitive Radio Jamming Attack Detection Using an Autoencoder for CRIoT&nbsp;Network&nbsp;
Authors: v Nallarasan , Kottursamy Kottilingam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IoT network-connected devices will be kept on increasing and will cross million, but it is impossible to allocate spectrum for those million and million of the devices. This spectrum scarcity can be handled by incorporating cognitive radio-based dynamic spectrum sharing, which is referred to as Cognitive Radio Internet of Things (CRIoT). But CRIoT sufferers from the Physical layer attack in cognitive radio, which affects the spectrum sensing accuracy and reduces the spectrum utilization. There are various attacks at the physical layer of cognitive radio among jamming attacks resulting in a denial of cognitive radio services and make spectrum underutilization. Continuous jamming can be detected quickly based on time delay on spectrum access, but discrete random jamming detection is challenging. This article proposes an autoencoder deep learning architecture-based jamming attack detection in cognitive radio. The jamming detection problem is modeled as anomaly detection. The autoencoder architecture is used to detect the jammer anomaly of the jammer. The proposed system involves the simulation of a random jamming attack and detecting it at a particular time instant information that may help mitigate the jammer attack .the proposed mechanism able to detect the jammer with 89% of accuracy.
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Alleviates Secondary Injury in Spinal Cord Injury Mice Through Reducing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Hou Yonghui , Luan Jiyao , Deng Tiancheng , Huang Taida , Li Xing , Xiao Zhifeng , Zhan Jiheng , Luo Dan , Hou Yu , Xu Liangliang , Lin Dingkun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid derivative, which has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in different neurological disease models. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TUDCA on spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been fully elucidated. This study is aim to investigate the protective effects of TUDCA in SCI mouse model and the related mechanism involved.Methods The primary cortical neurons were isolated from E16.5 C57BL/6 mouse embryos. To evaluate the effect of TUDCA on oxidative stress in vitro, the cortical neurons were treated with H2O2 with or without TUDCA added. Mice were randomly divided into sham, SCI and TUDCA groups. SCI model was induced using a pneumatic impact device at T9-T10 level of vertebra. TUDCA (200 mg/kg) or equal volume of saline was intragastrically administrated daily post injury for 14 days. ResultsWe found that TUDCA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to protect primary cortical neurons from oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo, TUDCA treatment significantly reduced tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis; promoted axon regeneration and remyelination in the lesion site of spinal cord of SCI mice. The functional recovery test revealed that TUDCA treatment significantly ameliorated recovery of limb function.ConclusionsTUDCA treatment can alleviate secondary injury and promote functional recovery through reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by primary injury, and promote axon regeneration and remyelination, which could be used as a potential therapy for human SCI recovery.
Identification and validation of appropriate reference genes for gene expression analysis in Schima superba
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Zhang Rui , Zhou Zhichun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a reliable and high-throughput technique for gene expression studies, but its accuracy depends on the expression stability of reference genes. Schima superba is a strong resistance and fast-growing timber specie. However, so far, reliable reference gene identifications have not been reported in S. superba. In this study, we screened and verified the stably expressed reference genes in different tissues of S. superba.Results: Nineteen candidate reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability in different tissues. Three software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate the reference gene transcript stabilities, and comprehensive stability ranking was generated by the geometric mean method. Our results identified that SsuACT was the most stable reference gene, SsuACT + SsuRIB was the best reference genes combination for different tissues. Finally, the stable and less stable reference genes were verified using the SsuSND1 expression in different tissues.Conclusions: This is the first report to verify the appropriate reference genes for normalizing gene expression in S. superba, which will facilitate future elucidation of gene regulations in this species, and useful references for relative species.
Exploring genetic diversity of lowland avocado as a genetic reservoir for breeding.
Authors: Sandoval-Castro Eduardo , Peraza-Magallanes Ayesha Yolitzín , Dodd Richard S , Ashworth Vanessa E T M , Mendívil Abraham Cruz , Calderón-Vázquez Carlos Ligne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is highly valued worldwide for its desirable nutritional properties and broader applications in the oil and pharmaceutical industry. Despite northwestern Mexico, with a tropical semi desert climate, is not considered as part of the avocado origin center in Mexico, it possesses a high morphological diversity of avocado fruits. In an effort to provide more information about the diversity present in this region and at the same time, to support a more efficient production of avocado in this climate, this study characterized the genetic diversity of avocado trees growing at northwestern Mexico. Genetic diversity was estimated by using eight microsatellite loci. 45 seed-derived trees, with contrasting fruit morphology were identified. Results showed a high level of genetic diversity with 11.5 alleles per locus, a polymorphic index content of 0.75, and observed and expected heterozygosity values of 0.58 and 0.79, respectively, these values were similar to those observed in germplasm banks and genotypes from centers of origin. Clustering analysis assigned local genotypes to six clusters but did not provide a clear separation among avocado races, suggesting that local genotypes are a result of racial hybridization. Interestingly, avocados from the Mexican race and the commercial variety Hass clustered into two different groups. Despite not being considered a center of origin, results confirm an extensive diversity in northwestern Mexico, encouraging further exploration and preservation of genotypes with desirable traits to future breeding programs for the selection of local genotypes adapted to a lowland tropical climate.
Genetics of growth habit in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.)Verdc.)
Authors: Chandana Basalapura Rangegowda , Ramesh Sampangi , Basanagouda Gonal , Kirankumar Rotti , Ashwini Kyasampalli Venkatesh Reddy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Growth habit is a plant architectural trait in grain legumes with no exception of horse gram. Determinacy and indeterminacy are the two types of growth habits reported in horse gram. Relative advantages of the two types of growth habit depend on the production systems to which cultivars are targeted. Dependable information on genetics of growth habit provide clues for adopting the most appropriate selection strategy to breed high yielding horse gram varieties with desired growth habit. Taking cues from the past studies, we hypothesize that growth habit in horse gram is controlled by two genes displaying inhibitory epistasis and indeterminacy is dominant over determinacy. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the inheritance of growth habit in F1, F2 and F3 generations derived from two crosses involving parents differing for growth habit. Contrary to our hypothesis, determinate growth habit of F1s of both the crosses suggested dominance of determinacy over indeterminacy. A good fit of observed segregation of F2 plants to that of the hypothesized segregation in the ratio of 13 determinate: 3 indeterminate plants, besides confirming dominance of determinacy, suggested classical digenic inhibitory epistatic control of growth habit. These results were further confirmed in F3 generation based on goodness of fit between observed numbers of plants segregating for determinacy and indeterminacy and those expected in the ratio of 49 determinate: 15 indeterminate plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the inheritance of growth habit in horse gram.
HGF, IL-1α and IL-27 are Robust Biomarkers in Early Severity Stratification of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Tamayo-Velasco Alvaro , Martinez-Paz Pedro , Peñarrubia María Jesús , Fuente Ignacio De la , Pérez-González Sonia , Fernández Itziar , Dueñas Carlos , Gómez-Sánchez Esther , Lorenzo-López Mario , Gómez-Pesquera Estefanía , Heredia-Rodríguez María , Carnicero-Frutos Irene , Muñoz-Moreno María Fe , Gorgojo-Galindo Oscar , Martín-Fernández Marta , Bernardo David , Álvarez Francisco Javier , Tamayo Eduardo , Benito Hugo Gonzalo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of hospital admission and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attributed to a cytokine storm. The objective of our study is to characterize this profile to identify the cytokines responsible for lung damage and mortality.Methods: Plasma samples of 108 prospectively recruited COVID-19 patients were collected between March and April 2020. Patients were divided into four groups according to the severity of respiratory symptoms: 34 mild (no oxygen support), 26 moderate (low oxygen support using nasal cannula), 16 severe (high oxygen support) and 32 critical (mechanical ventilation). A 45-plex Human XL Cytokine Luminex Performance Panel kit was used in duplicate for each plasma sample. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were used for normalization of the results.Results: Multiple cytokines showed statistically significant differences when comparing mild and critical patients (HGF, PDGFBB, PIGF-1, IL-1α, MCP-1, VEGFA, IL-15 and IL-2). The best multivariable model included HGF, IL-1α, IL-2 and IL-27. High HGF levels were associated with the critical group (OR = 3.51; p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.95–6.33). Moreover, high IL-1α (OR = 1.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI = 1.07–1.73) and low IL-27 (OR = 0.58; p < 0.005; 95%CI = 0.39–0.85) greatly increased the risk of ending up in the severe group. This model was especially sensitive in order to predict critical status (AUC = 0.794; specificity = 69.74%; sensitivity = 81.25%). Furthermore, high levels of HGF and IL-1α showed significant results in the survival analysis (p = 0.033 and p = 0.011, respectively).Conclusions: Our study showed that HGF, IL-1α and IL 27 at hospital admission were strongly associated with severe/critical COVID-19 patients and therefore are excellent predictors of bad prognosis. Indeed, HGF and IL-1α were also mortality biomarkers.
Mauritia Flexuosa Palm-Trees Airborne Mapping with Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Arce Luciene Sales Daguer , Osco Lucas Prado , Arruda Mauro dos Santos , Furuya Danielle Ellis Garcia , Ramos Ana Paula Marques , Aoki Camila , Pott Arnildo , Fatholahi Sarah , Li Jonathan , Araujo Fabio Fernando , Gonçalvez Wesley Nunes , Junior José Marcato 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accurately mapping individual tree species in densely forested environments is crucial to forest inventory. When considering only RGB images, this is a challenging task for many automatic photogrammetry processes. The main reason for that is the spectral similarity between species in RGB scenes, which can be a hindrance for most automatic methods. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach to detect an important multi-use species of palm trees (Mauritia flexuosa; i.e., Buriti) on aerial RGB imagery. In South-America, this palm tree is essential for many indigenous and local communities because of its characteristics. The species is also a valuable indicator of water resources, which comes as a benefit for mapping its location. The method is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify and geolocate singular tree species in a high-complexity forest environment. The results returned a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.75 trees and an F1-measure of 86.9%. These results are better than Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet methods considering equal experiment conditions. In conclusion, the method presented is efficient to deal with a high-density forest scenario and can accurately map the location of single species like the M flexuosa palm tree and may be useful for future frameworks.
Comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI and 18FDG PET/CT Imaging Modalities in the Detection of Liver Metastases in Patients with Gastrointestinal System Cancer
Authors: Şahin Ertan , Elboga Umut , Celen Yusuf Zeki , Sever Ozlem Nuray , Cayırlı Yusuf Burak , Cimen Ufuk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of PET/CT imaging performed with 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI and 18FDG in detection of liver metastases in patients with gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer.MethodsA total of 31 patients who underwent 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations and diagnosed with GIS cancer (15 colorectal, 9 pancreas, 4 stomach and 3 other cancers) were included in the study. The presence of liver metastasis was decided based on histopathologic diagnosis, PET/CT, other radiologic examinations or tumor biomarker findings, and both PET/CT imaging findings were compared on the patient and lesion basis. ResultsOf the 31 patients, 28 were found as true positive with 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-PET/CT and 17 with 18FDG-PET/CT. Of the 98 metastatic liver lesions determined according to our diagnostic criteria, 92 were found as true positive lesions with 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-PET/CT and 65 with 18FDG-PET/CT. There was a statistically significant difference between both imaging modalities in the patient and lesion based comparisons (p<0.05).When semiquantitative values (SUVmax, mlr) obtained from the lesions were compared between the two imaging methods, mlr values showed statistically significant difference in all tumor subgroups (p<0.05).ConclusionIt was concluded that 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-PET/CT was superior over 18FDG-PET/CT in detection of liver metastases of GIS cancers and it can be a complementary method especially in negative cases with 18FDG-PET/CT.
Ankle-foot Orthosis With an Oil Damper Versus Nonarticulated Ankle-foot Orthosis in the Gait of Patients With Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yamamoto Sumiko , Motojima Naoyuki , Kobayashi Yosuke , Osada Yuji , Tanaka Souji , Daryabor Aliyeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGait improvement in patients with stroke using ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) has been compared to the effects of non-AFO use in previous studies, but the effect of different kinds of AFOs has not been clear. When considering the effect of different kinds of AFOs on gait, the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion moment of resistance is considered a key determinant of functional effect. In this study, the effect on gait of using an AFO with an oil damper (AFO-OD), which has plantar flexion resistance but no dorsiflexion resistance, and a nonarticulated AFO, which has both dorsiflexion and plantar flexion resistance, were compared in a randomized controlled trial. MethodsForty-one patients (31 men, 10 women; mean age 58.4 ± 11.3 years) in the subacute phase of stroke were randomly allocated to two groups to undergo 2 weeks of gait training by physiotherapists while wearing an AFO-OD or a nonarticulated AFO. A motion capture system was utilized to measure shod gait without orthosis at baseline and after training with the allocated AFO. Data analysis was performed focused on the spatial and temporal parameters, ground reaction force, shank-to-vertical angle, and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics. Two-way mixed ANOVA was performed to clarify the effect of AFO use and the difference between the two AFOs. ResultsThirty-six patients completed the study (17 in the AFO-OD group and 19 in the nonarticulated AFO group). Spatial and temporal parameters and ankle joint kinematics were improved after 2 weeks in both AFO groups. Interactions were found for the range of shank-to-vertical angles in paretic single stance and ankle peak power absorption. In the AFO-OD group, both parameters improved when the participants walked with the AFO compared to the shod gait, but there was no change in the nonarticulated AFO group. Power generation was not increased in either AFO group. ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that AFO with plantar flexion resistance but without dorsiflexion resistance improved the range of the shank-to-vertical angle and ankle power absorption but not power generation in a paretic stance. (336/350 words)Trial registration: UMIN000028126 Registered 1 August 2017,https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/icdr/ctr_menu_form_reg.cgi?recptno=R000032197
Large- and small- scale movement and distribution of acoustically tagged lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in eastern Lake Erie
Authors: Withers Jonah L , Takade-Heumacher Helen M , Davis Lori , Neuenhoff Rachel , Albeke Shannon E , Sweka John A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Defining the spatial distribution, home range, and movement patterns of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is important to managers and decision makers given the large migration potential and potamodromous behavior exhibited by the species. A remnant population of lake sturgeon remains in the far eastern basin of Lake Erie and although recent efforts have estimated the population size, described the age distribution, and identified a primary spawning site no study to date has examined the spatial distribution or movements of individuals within this population. Between 2014 and 2018 we acoustically tagged 59 adult lake sturgeon, captured near the headwaters of the Niagara River, and monitored their large-scale movements throughout Lake Erie with the Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry System and small-scale movements with a Vemco Positioning System near the headwaters of the Niagara River. After dividing Lake Erie into seven sections, we ran a multi-state mark recapture model to examine the movement rates into and out of the eastern most section of the lake. Within a heavily utilized lake section, near the headwaters of the Niagara River, we identified home ranges with our Vemco Positioning System for each season and year using averaged Brownian bridge movement models.Results Although some sturgeon demonstrated large-scale movements, traversing the entirety of Lake Erie, the majority of individuals spent their time in the eastern basin of the lake. Home ranges appeared to vary among seasons but were consistent across years with lake sturgeon selecting the northeastern, rocky, and shallow area of our array during pre-spawning and spawning seasons and leaving our array, or selecting a trough running along the northwestern portion of our array comprised of sand and bedrock, in the summer and fall seasons. Conclusions Documenting these large-scale movements aligns with previous findings that lake sturgeon on either end of the lake are genetically similar and demonstrates lake sturgeon in the eastern basin exhibit strong philopatry. Our small-scale movement models provide managers with spatial reference points, in the form of utilization distributions, which are heavily used by lake sturgeon within seasons. Future studies should examine what parameters are driving site selection in these areas.
Modeling of Topside Ionosphere and Plasmasphere
Authors: Watanabe Shigeto , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kumamoto Atsusi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We developed a new topside ionosphere and plasmasphere model using a machine learning technique using approximately five million electron density datasets from the Japanese satellites, namely, Hinotori, Akebono, and Arase. The topside ionosphere and plasmasphere model (TIP-model) can estimate electron densities at altitudes ranging from 500 km to 30,000 km in terms of latitude, longitude, universal time, season, and solar and magnetic activities with time history. The model shows the time-dependent 3D structure of the plasmasphere in response to solar and magnetic activities. The constructed TIP-model reproduces plasmapause, plasma tail/erosion of the plasmasphere, and the plasma escape near the magnetic pole. The total electron content (TEC) in the plasmasphere was also obtained through the integration of electron density from 2,000 km to 30,000 km altitudes. The TEC of the plasmasphere is approximately 5 TECU near the magnetic equator, and it depends strongly on geomagnetic latitude, longitude, local time, and solar and magnetic activities.