bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worker-related ageism: a systematic review of empirical research
Authors: Cebola Maria Manuela Jacob , dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Dionísio Andreia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the demographic and workforce ageing, ageism has been reflected in the work context. Ageism can be defined as stereotypes, prejudice and/or age-based discrimination. It is a form of devaluation and non-inclusion of workers, which materialises in a decent work deficit. It affects workers and organisations. The present literature review aims to provide a comprehensive and accurate picture of empirical research on worker-related ageism. We searched the wordageismin the title or abstract of articles indexed in the EBSCOhost and Web of Science. Fifty-eight peer-reviewed articles were retrieved (March 2020). Some of these articles report more than one empirical study. Thirty-two articles include quantitative design studies, 20 qualitative design, three mixed methods, two experimental and three instrument development and/or validation. The focus of the studies is mostly about negative ageism on older workers. The main findings present several facets of ageism and show different experiences, whether implicit or explicit. Ageism acts in a plurality of aspects, such as obstacles in the hiring process, employability and performance evaluation of older workers. We found research gaps such as determinants and interventions aiming at ageism prevention and proposed corresponding future research.
Super Fluid/Super Black: Translations and Teachings in Transembodied Metaphysics
Authors: Whitson Ni'Ja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract“Super Fluid/Super Black: Translations and Teachings in Transembodied Metaphysics” was originally commissioned as a keynote lecture for the 2020 Collegium for African Diaspora Dance (CAAD) conference, Fluid Black::Dance Back. It is a hybrid text that centralizes Black Transgender and Nonbinary experiences in a conversation of futurity in African Diasporic spirituality, dance traditions, and performativities. Furthermore, “Super Fluid/Super Black” interrogates beingness through an exploration of astrophysics and global attempts at Black erasure in an attempt to uncover new strategies of collectivizing under dance that dismantle cisheteronormativity at their core.
Long-term monitoring of atmospheric pollution in the Maritime Antarctic with the lichen Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq.) Bory: a magnetic and elemental study
Authors: Carvallo Claire , Godoy Nathaly , Aguilar Bertha , Egas Claudia , Fuentealba Raúl , Préndez Margarita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAntarctica is a natural research laboratory thanks to its unique climate, geography, flora and fauna. The conservation of Antarctica's environment is monitored through the Madrid Protocol; however, there are local pollution problems associated with human activities such as research and tourism; in particular, there are negative impacts on air quality from the use of fossil fuels. In this work, we studied for the first time the magnetic and elemental characteristics of the lichen Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq.) Bory collected during different years and from various sites in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, as well as some samples of its supporting substrate, for long-term monitoring of atmospheric pollution. Several anthropogenic elements (Ni, Pb, Mo, Cd and Zn) have been identified on sites close to human activities, but also on sites far from them. We found that magnetic proxies from U. aurantiaco-atra samples show a spatial correlation with human influence (scientific bases or airstrips). We observed a correlation between magnetic parameters and Ni and, to a lesser extent, with Cr, Co, V and Ag. The results suggest that by using these magnetic and elemental techniques it is possible to implement monitoring with the lichen U. aurantiaco-atra as a bioindicator for some elements of anthropogenic origin.
Developing Atom Probe Tomography to Characterize Sr-Loaded Bioactive Glass for Bone Scaffolding
Authors: Ren Yanru , Autefage Hélène , Jones Julian R , Stevens Molly M , Bagot Paul AJ , Moody Michael P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, atom probe tomography (APT) was used to investigate strontium-containing bioactive glass particles (BG-Sr10) and strontium-releasing bioactive glass-based scaffolds (pSrBG), both of which are attractive biomaterials with applications in critical bone damage repair. We outline the challenges and corresponding countermeasures of this nonconductive biomaterial for APT sample preparation and experiments, such as avoiding direct contact between focussed ion beam micromanipulators and the extracted cantilever to reduce damage during liftout. Using a low imaging voltage (≤3 kV) and current (≤500 pA) in the scanning electron microscope and a low acceleration voltage (≤2 kV) and current (≤200 pA) in the focussed ion beam prevents tip bending in the final stages of annular milling. To optimize the atom probe experiment, we considered five factors: total detected hits, multiple hits, the background level, the charge-state ratio, and the accuracy of the measured compositions, to explore the optimal laser pulse for BG-Sr10 bioactive glass. We show that a stage temperature of 30 K, 200–250 pJ laser pulse energy, 0.3% detection rate, and 200 kHz pulse rate are optimized experimental parameters for bioactive glass. The use of improved experimental preparation methods and optimized parameters resulted in a 90% successful yield of pSrBG samples by APT.
THE K-THEORY OF THE -ALGEBRAS OF 2-RANK GRAPHS ASSOCIATED TO COMPLETE BIPARTITE GRAPHS
Authors: MUTTER SAM A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing a result of Vdovina, we may associate to each complete connected bipartite graph$\kappa $a two-dimensional square complex, which we call a tile complex, whose link at each vertex is$\kappa $. We regard the tile complex in two different ways, each having a different structure as a$2$-rank graph. To each$2$-rank graph is associated a universal$C^{\star }$-algebra, for which we compute the K-theory, thus providing a new infinite collection of$2$-rank graph algebras with explicit K-groups. We determine the homology of the tile complexes and give generalisations of the procedures to complexes and systems consisting of polygons with a higher number of sides.
Space mapping filter design and tuning techniques
Authors: Melgarejo J. C. , Ossorio J. , San-Blas A. A. , Guglielmi M. , Boria V. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA common strategy to reduce the cost of a filter is to use a manufacturing technique with an intermediate accuracy and use tuning elements to compensate for the manufacturing errors. However, including tuning elements in the final EM simulations, and tuning the filters after manufacturing, can be quite challenging. In this context, therefore, we review in this paper two powerful filter design procedures based on Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM), and two semi-automatic tuning techniques. As a validation, we describe in detail the design and tuning of two types of filters that are commonly used for both space and ground applications, namely, a six-pole inductive filter in rectangular waveguide, and a more complex five-pole filter based on dual-mode resonators.
Whose perception of justice? Real and perceived challenges to military investigations in armed conflict
Authors: Simmons Claire 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStates must investigate possible violations of international humanitarian law in armed conflict, and many States use military procedures for all or part of the investigation process. Particular tensions can arise with regard to the perception of justice in the context of military judicial procedures, especially surrounding questions of independence and impartiality. This article lays out the international legal framework which should be used to solve these challenges, arguing that a State must address both the specificities of military institutions and the need for a perception of justice by the affected communities in considering the proper administration of justice in armed conflict.
Tephra Deposition and Bonding With Reactive Oxides Enhances Burial of Organic Carbon in the Bering Sea
Authors: Longman Jack , Gernon Thomas M. , Palmer Martin R. , Manners Hayley R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPreservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments exerts a major control on the cycling of carbon in the Earth system. In these marine environments, OC preservation may be enhanced by diagenetic reactions in locations where deposition of fragmental volcanic material called tephra occurs. While the mechanisms by which this process occurs are well understood, site‐specific studies of this process are limited. Here, we report a study of sediments from the Bering Sea (IODP Site U1339D) to investigate the effects of marine tephra deposition on carbon cycling during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results suggest that tephra layers are loci of OC burial with distinct δ13C values, and that this process is primarily linked to bonding of OC with reactive metals, accounting for ∼80% of all OC within tephra layers. In addition, distribution of reactive metals from the tephra into non‐volcanic sediments above and below the tephra layers enhances OC preservation in these sediments, with ∼33% of OC bound to reactive phases. Importantly, OC‐Fe coupling is evident in sediments >700,000 years old. Thus, these interactions may help explain the observed preservation of OC in ancient marine sediments.
Spatio‐Temporal Evolution of Earthquake Static Stress Drop Values in the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence
Authors: Kemna Kilian B. , Verdecchia Alessandro , Harrington Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe static stress drop of an earthquake is an indicator of the stress state of a specific fault before rupture initiation. The stress state is primarily controlled by the ambient stress field, fault strength, fault complexity, and the presence of fluids. This study aims to investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution of static stress drop values of the 2016–2017 multi‐fault rupture seismic sequence in central Italy, which includes three earthquakes with Mw ≥ 5.9 (Amatrice, Visso, and Norcia earthquakes), and over 95,000 aftershocks (M 0.5–6.5). We estimate stress drop values using a circular crack model with corner frequency and seismic moment estimates from single‐spectra fitting, a cluster‐event method, and spectral‐ratio fitting. The temporal distribution of stress drop values shows an apparent increase of stress drop following a large earthquake (Mw ≥ 5.9). The spatial distribution shows comparably high stress drop values for early aftershocks surrounding the mainshock rupture area. High stress drop events correlate with fault complexity, such as fault intersections at depth and reactivated thrust fronts. We observe a constant stress drop for Mw ≥ ∼3, in contrast to previous studies. Instrument response and signal‐to‐noise bandwidth limitations likely govern the observed decrease in stress drop with decreasing magnitude for events with Mw ≤ 3. The spatio‐temporal distribution of stress drop values in a complex seismic sequence could support a more complete understanding of the earthquake rupture process and the evolution of seismic sequences. It could also highlight areas where stress loading is focused, which would have implications for short and intermediate term seismic hazard estimates.
High‐Cadence Lidar Observations of Middle Atmospheric Temperature and Gravity Waves at the Southern Andes Hot Spot
Authors: Reichert R. , Kaifler B. , Kaifler N. , Dörnbrack A. , Rapp M. , Hormaechea J. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Southern Andes are the strongest hot spot for atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) in the stratosphere. Yet, until recently, no high‐cadence measurements of GWs within the middle atmosphere were available in this region. Therefore, the COmpact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) was deployed to the Estación Astrónomica Río Grande (53.7°S, 67.7°W), Argentina, to obtain temperature profiles up to 100 km altitude. CORAL operates autonomously and obtained measurements during roughly two thirds of all nights between November 2017 and October 2020. The excellent measurement coverage allows for the quantification of GW properties at the hot spot with great detail. The hot spot nature of this region is reflected in nightly mean temperature profiles showing deviations from the monthly mean in the order of 25–55 K in each winter month. This is connected to winter mean growth rates of GW potential energy (Ep), which are to our knowledge the largest ever reported in the stratosphere. The monthly mean Ep profiles show a mesospheric limit of ∼100 Jkg−1, indicating a saturated GW spectrum at altitudes above 60 km. The winter mean power spectral density also reaches the saturation limit here. Moreover, we investigated the distribution of vertical wavelengths using our novel diagnostic technique WAVELET‐SCAN. It reveals waves with vertical wavelengths that are mostly between 10 and 16 km but also can exceed 25 km in rare occasions.
Worldwide Maize and Soybean Yield Response to Environmental and Management Factors Over the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Shun , Song Yang , Lawrence Peter , Kheshgi Haroon S. , Jain Atul K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA land process model, Integrated Science Assessment Model, is extended to simulate contemporary soybean and maize crop yields accurately and changes in yields over the period 1901–2100 driven by environmental factors (atmospheric CO2 level ([CO2]) and climate), and management factors (nitrogen input and irrigation). Over the twentieth century, each factor contributes to global yield increase; increasing nitrogen fertilization rates is the strongest driver for maize, and increasing [CO2] is the strongest for soybean. Over the 21st century, crop yields are projected under two future scenarios, RCP4.5‐SSP2 and RCP8.5‐SSP5; the warmer temperature drives yields lower, while rising [CO2] drives yields higher. The adverse warmer temperature effect of maize and soybean is offset by other drivers, particularly the increase in [CO2], and resultant changes in the phenological events due to climate change, particularly planting dates and harvesting times, by 2090s under both scenarios. Global yield for maize increases under RCP4.5‐SSP2, which experiences continued growth in [CO2] and higher nitrogen input rates. For soybean, yield increases at a similar rate. However, in RCP8.5‐SSP5, maize yield declines because of greater climate warming, extreme heat stress conditions, and weaker nitrogen fertilization than RCP4.5‐SSP2, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, suggesting that application of advanced technologies, and stronger management practices, in addition to climate change mitigation, may be needed to intensify crop production over this century. The model also projects spatial variations in yields; notably, the higher temperatures in tropical and subtropical regions limit photosynthesis rates and reduce light interception, resulting in lower yields, particularly for soybean under RCP8.5‐SSP5.
Bandwidth‐Enhanced Ultra‐Wide Band Wearable Textile Antenna for Various WBAN and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Authors: De Arnab , Roy Bappadittya , Bhattacharya Ankan , Bhattacharjee Anup Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a compact asymmetric CPW fed monopole antenna using Denim fabric as substrate applicable for UWB communication and various wireless body area networks (WBANs). The geometry of the antenna consists of a circular monopole antenna with a modified ground plane and introduction of defected ground structures (DGS) to achieve ultra‐wide band (3.10–10.6 GHz) characteristics. The proposed wearable antenna operates from 2.40 to 14.88 GHz providing a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 144.44%. Enhancement of the bandwidth is obtained by the insertion of open ended rectangular slit in the ground plane. The final antenna produces a peak gain of about 6.57 dBi at 13.05 GHz and achieved omnidirectional radiation patterns. In terms of return loss, gain, and radiation characteristics, the lightweight flexible wearable antenna is fabricated, and the tested effects are found to be in fair accordance with the simulated ones.
Thrap3 promotes R-loop resolution via interaction with methylated DDX5
Authors: Kang Hyun Je , Eom Hye-jin , Kim Hongtae , Myung Kyungjae , Kwon Hyug Moo , Choi Jang Hyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTranscription-replication conflicts lead to DNA damage and genomic instability, which are closely related to human diseases. A major source of these conflicts is the formation of R-loops, which consist of an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. Although these structures have been studied, many aspects of R-loop biology and R-loop-mediated genome instability remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (Thrap3) plays a critical role in regulating R-loop resolution. In cancer cells, Thrap3 interacts with DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) and localizes to R-loops. Arginine-mediated methylation of DDX5 is required for its interaction with Thrap3, and the Thrap3-DDX5 axis induces the recruitment of 5’-3’ exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) into R-loops. Loss of Thrap3 increases R-loop accumulation and DNA damage. These findings suggest that Thrap3 mediates resistance to cell death by preventing R-loop accumulation in cancer cells.
Multiple alterations in glutamatergic transmission and dopamine D2 receptor splicing in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from patients with familial schizophrenia
Authors: Yamamoto Kana , Kuriu Toshihiko , Matsumura Kensuke , Nagayasu Kazuki , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Miyake Noriko , Yamamori Hidenaga , Yasuda Yuka , Fujimoto Michiko , Fujiwara Mikiya , Baba Masayuki , Kitagawa Kohei , Takemoto Tomoya , Gotoda-Nishimura Nanaka , Takada Tomohiro , Seiriki Kaoru , Hayata-Takano Atsuko , Kasai Atsushi , Ago Yukio , Kida Satoshi , Takuma Kazuhiro , Ono Fumihito , Matsumoto Naomichi , Hashimoto Ryota , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Nakazawa Takanobu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn increasing body of evidence suggests that impaired synapse development and function are associated with schizophrenia; however, the underlying molecular pathophysiological mechanism of the disease remains largely unclear. We conducted a family-based study combined with molecular and cellular analysis using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. We generated iPSCs from patients with familial schizophrenia, differentiated these cells into neurons, and investigated the molecular and cellular phenotypes of the patient’s neurons. We identified multiple altered synaptic functions, including increased glutamatergic synaptic transmission, higher synaptic density, and altered splicing of dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in iPSC-derived neurons from patients. We also identified patients’ specific genetic mutations using whole-exome sequencing. Our findings support the notion that altered synaptic function may underlie the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and that multiple genetic factors cooperatively contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
Assessment of plum rain’s impact on power system emissions in Yangtze-Huaihe River basin of China
Authors: Pan Guangsheng , Hu Qinran , Gu Wei , Ding Shixing , Qiu Haifeng , Lu Yuping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a typical climate that occurs in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin of China with a size of 500,000 km2, plum rain can reduce the photovoltaic (PV) potential by lowering the surface irradiance (SI) in the affected region. Based on hourly meteorological data from 1980 to 2020, we find that plum rain can lower the SI in the affected region with a weekly peak drop of more than 20% at the most affected locations. This SI drop, coupled with a large number of deployed PV systems, can cause incremental CO2 emissions (ICEs) of local power systems by increasing the additional thermal power. Using a cost optimization model, we demonstrate that the ICEs in 2020 already reached 1.22 megatons and could range from 2.21 to 4.73 megatons, 3.47 to 7.19 megatons, and 2.97 to 7.43 megatons in 2030, 2040, and 2050, respectively, considering a change trend interval of a ±25% fluctuation in power generation and demand in the different years. To offset these ICEs, we compare four pathways integrated with promising technologies. This analysis reveals that the advanced deployment of complementary technologies can improve the PV utilization level to address climate impacts.
Differential diffusion driven far-from-equilibrium shape-shifting of hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Kangkang , Liu Tao , Ni Chujun , Chen Di , Guo Jiamei , Liu Chang , Zhou Jian , Jia Zheng , Zhao Qian , Pan Pengju , Xie Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFar-from-equilibrium (FFE) conditions give rise to many unusual phenomena in nature. In contrast, synthetic shape-shifting materials typically rely on monotonic evolution between equilibrium states, limiting inherently the richness of the shape-shifting behaviors. Here we report an unanticipated shape-shifting behavior for a hydrogel that can be programmed to operate FFE-like behavior. During its temperature triggered shape-shifting event, the programmed stress induces uneven water diffusion, which pushes the hydrogel off the equilibrium based natural pathway. The resulting geometric change enhances the diffusion contrast in return, creating a self-amplifying sequence that drives the system into an FFE condition. Consequently, the hydrogel exhibits counterintuitive two opposite shape-shifting events under one single stimulation, at a speed accelerated by more than one order magnitude. Our discovery points to a future direction in creating FFE conditions to access otherwise unattainable shape-shifting behaviors, with potential implications for many engineering applications including soft robotics and medical devices.
Aging power spectrum of membrane protein transport and other subordinated random walks
Authors: Fox Zachary R. , Barkai Eli , Krapf Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle-particle tracking offers detailed information about the motion of molecules in complex environments such as those encountered in live cells, but the interpretation of experimental data is challenging. One of the most powerful tools in the characterization of random processes is the power spectral density. However, because anomalous diffusion processes in complex systems are usually not stationary, the traditional Wiener-Khinchin theorem for the analysis of power spectral densities is invalid. Here, we employ a recently developed tool named aging Wiener-Khinchin theorem to derive the power spectral density of fractional Brownian motion coexisting with a scale-free continuous time random walk, the two most typical anomalous diffusion processes. Using this analysis, we characterize the motion of voltage-gated sodium channels on the surface of hippocampal neurons. Our results show aging where the power spectral density can either increase or decrease with observation time depending on the specific parameters of both underlying processes.