bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRP per capita and hospital characteristics associated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator adherence rate: evidence from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance
Authors: Zheng Suxi , Lyu Tian Jie , Li Zixiao , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Xin , Wang Chunjuan , Li Hao , Jiang Yong , Shen Haipeng , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTimely delivery of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rt PA) is pivotal to eligible patients who had a stroke while achieving higher rates of IV-rt PA has been problematic. This paper focuses on investigating influential factors associated with the administration of IV-rt PA, primarily per capita gross regional product (GRP) and healthcare system factors.MethodsThe study included 980 hospitals in the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance where 158 003 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke received IV-rt PA between August 2015 and August 2019. The adherence rate to IV-rt PA within 4.5 hours time window in each hospital was the primary outcome. Influential factors were grouped into two categories: macroeconomic status and hospital characteristics. The outcome was analysed using multivariable linear regression.ResultsGRP per capita (β=2.37, p<0.001), hospital stroke centre certification (β=3.77, p<0.001), number of neurologists (β=0.12, p<0.001), existence of emergency services for neurological treatment (β=7.43, p=0.014), presence of emergency department (β=10.03, p=0.019) and cooperating with emergency centre (β=4.65, p=0.029) were significantly positively associated with the adherence rate to IV-rt PA.ConclusionsHigher GRP per capita, affluent neurological personnel, well-equipped emergency services for neurological treatment and routine cooperation with the emergency centre were important for enhancing the adherence rate to IV-rt PA among patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke in China.
Reproductive phenology and seasonal mass dynamics of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at their northern range limit
Authors: Kusch J.M. , Conway S.E. , Kapchinske A. , Lane J.E. 
Published: January 2021

Intraspecific variation is common and can be substantial in species occupying large geographic ranges. For example, populations at a poleward range limit can be exposed to more severe and variable weather, resulting in more punctuated growing seasons and, consequently, large fluctuations in body mass and additional constraints on reproductive phenology. We monitored variation in these traits in a hibernating population of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord, 1815)) at their northern range limit across four growing seasons. Overall, individual body mass was highly dynamic both within and across growing seasons, and was correlated with sex, the presence of drought, and reproductive effort. This population experienced between-year variation in the timing of reproduction that was associated with weather variation. The influence of weather was particularly evident in 1 year during which a summer–autumn drought was followed by a severe and prolonged winter. This combination led to high overwinter mortality, substantially delayed emergences from hibernation, lower body masses at emergence from hibernation, and complete reproductive failure the following spring. Our results help to emphasize the influence of environmental conditions on levels of phenotypic variation at a species’ northern range limit, which may ultimately contribute to population viability and success.
NVMM-Oriented Hierarchical Persistent Client Caching for Lustre
Authors: Cheng Wen , Li Chunyan , Zeng Lingfang , Qian Yingjin , Li Xi , Brinkmann André 
Published: January 2021

In high-performance computing (HPC), data and metadata are stored on special server nodes and client applications access the servers’ data and metadata through a network, which induces network latencies and resource contention. These server nodes are typically equipped with (slow) magnetic disks, while the client nodes store temporary data on fast SSDs or even on non-volatile main memory (NVMM). Therefore, the full potential of parallel file systems can only be reached if fast client side storage devices are included into the overall storage architecture.
In this article, we propose an NVMM-based hierarchical persistent client cache for the Lustre file system (NVMM-LPCC for short). NVMM-LPCC implements two caching modes: a read and write mode (RW-NVMM-LPCC for short) and a read only mode (RO-NVMM-LPCC for short). NVMM-LPCC integrates with the Lustre Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) solution and the Lustre layout lock mechanism to provide consistent persistent caching services for I/O applications running on client nodes, meanwhile maintaining a global unified namespace of the entire Lustre file system. The evaluation results presented in this article show that NVMM-LPCC can increase the average read throughput by up to 35.80 times and the average write throughput by up to 9.83 times compared with the native Lustre system, while providing excellent scalability.
Clinical Differences between Early- and Late-Onset Asthma: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Jiaming , Ye Ling , She Jun , Song Yuanlin 
Published: January 2021

Background. Limited information exists about the nature of late-onset asthma (LOA) without medication intervention when compared to early-onset asthma (EOA). Our goal was to understand how EOA and LOA affect clinical and pathophysiological features. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital (Shanghai, China). EOA and LOA were based on age of diagnosis (before and after age 40 years, respectively). Clinical variables were collected with an emphasis on allergic features, analyzed, related, and compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlations between blood basophils and clinical data were evaluated by Spearman’s rank test. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS v24.0. Results. Of a total of 12,760 adults with cough, sputum, or chest tightness, 90 subjects with EOA (mean age ± standard deviation (SD):28.73 ± 5.89), 111 with LOA (mean age ± SD: 60.25 ± 9.85), and 106 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean age ± SD: 61.58 ± 10.95) were selected. FEV1/FVC (%), FEV1% predicted, and FVC% predicted were all significantly lower in LOA compared to EOA

p
<
0.01

. The values of post-bronchodilator FEV1 in bronchodilator reversibility testing were higher in the LOA and EOA groups compared to subjects with COPD

p
<
0.01

. Among allergic features, mite sensitization was most common in EOA patients, followed by LOA and COPD, whereas mold sensitization was more prevalent in LOA than EOA. Moreover, blood eosinophils were a typical feature of asthma in both EOA and LOA compared to COPD and controls

p
<
0.01

, and there were no differences in blood neutrophils in LOA compared to controls. Interestingly, blood basophils were increased in both EOA

p
<
0.01

and LOA

p
<
0.05

compared to COPD and controls. This variable correlated with eosinophils in EOA (r = 0.549,

p
=
0.002

) but not in LOA. Conclusion. LOA is a distinct clinical entity from EOA. In LOA, atopy was less frequent and spirometry values were lower when compared to EOA. In EOA, blood basophils and eosinophils were significantly correlated owing to pathophysiological differences between the two forms of the disease.
Role of Blood-Based Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Prognosis
Authors: Montellano Felipe A. , Ungethüm Kathrin , Ramiro Laura , Nacu Aliona , Hellwig Simon , Fluri Felix , Whiteley William N. , Bustamante Alejandro , Montaner Joan , Heuschmann Peter U. 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Outcome prognostication in ischemic stroke patients remains challenging due to limited predictive properties of existing models. Blood-based biomarkers might provide additional information to established prognostic factors. We intended to identify the most promising prognostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke, their incremental prognostic value, and whether their predictive value differs among etiologies.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE (Ovid) and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge for articles reporting the predictive performance of blood-based biomarkers measured up to 7 days after ischemic stroke and reporting functional outcome or death at least 7 days after stroke. This work updates a previous systematic review (up to January 2007), follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and was registered (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO 2018;
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
/; Unique identifier: CRD42018094671).

Results:
Two hundred ninety-one articles published between January 2007 and August 2018 comprising 257 different biomarkers met inclusion criteria. Median sample size was 232 (interquartile range, 110–455); 260 (89%) articles reported regression analyses with 78% adjusting for stroke severity, 82% for age, 67% for both, and 9% for none of them; 37% investigated discrimination, 5% calibration, and 11% reclassification. Including publications from a previous systematic review (1960–January 2007), natriuretic peptides, copeptin, procalcitonin, mannose-binding lectin, adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein, and cortisol were the biomarkers most consistently associated with poor outcome in higher-quality studies showing an incremental value over established prognostic factors. Other biomarkers were less consistently associated with poor outcome or were reported in lower quality studies. High heterogeneity among studies precluded the performance of a meta-analysis.

Conclusions:
The number of reports on prognostic blood-based biomarkers in ischemic stroke increased 3.5-fold in the period January 2007 to August 2018. Although sample size increased, methodological flaws are still common. Natriuretic peptides and markers of inflammation, atherogenesis, and stress response are the most promising prognostic biomarkers among identified studies.
Composite Life Cycle of West Pacific Jet-Superposition Events and the Large-Scale Environmental Response over Western North America
Authors: Handlos Zachary J. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVertical alignment of the polar and subtropical jet streams in the west Pacific basin occurs most often during the boreal cold season. Recent work has revealed that the large-scale environment conducive to producing such superpositions involves interaction between East Asian winter monsoon cold-surge events, lower-latitude convection, and internal jet dynamics. The evolution of the large-scale environments associated with these events post-superposition as well as the significance of that evolution on aspects of the wintertime Northern Hemisphere general circulation is examined through construction of a 44-case composite. The post-superposition west Pacific jet extends eastward associated with an anomalous positive–negative geopotential height couplet straddling the jet’s exit region. This jet extension results in ridge building over Alaska and northwestern Canada. The large-scale evolutions associated with the composite post-superposition environment occur consistently among the majority of cases considered within this analysis. The positive–negative geopotential height anomaly couplet, enhanced jet entrance circulation, low-latitude convection, and internal jet dynamics present in the pre-superposition environment weaken post-superposition. As a result, the characteristic vertical PV “wall” associated with the composite vertically superposed jet weakens. Last, investigation of the value of using the two most dominant modes of west Pacific jet variability in observing the evolution of the superposed west Pacific jet post-superposition reveals that, while the extension of the jet is exhibited, significant variability exists when analyzing each of the 44 cases of interest individually.
Error Growth Dynamics within Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts over Central U.S. Regions for Days of Active Convection
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoran , Xue Ming , Min Jinzhong , Kang Zhiming , Wu Naigeng , Kong Fanyou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractError growth is investigated based on convection-allowing ensemble forecasts starting from 0000 UTC for 13 active convection events over central to eastern U.S. regions from spring 2018. The analysis domain is divided into the northwest (NW), northeast (NE), southeast (SE), and southwest (SW) quadrants (subregions). Total difference energy and its decompositions are used to measure and analyze error growth at and across scales. Special attention is paid to the dominant types of convection with respect to their forcing mechanisms in the four subregions and the associated difference in precipitation diurnal cycles. The discussions on the average behaviors of error growth in each region are supplemented by four representative cases. Results show that the meso-γ-scale error growth is directly linked to precipitation diurnal cycle while meso-α-scale error growth has a strong link to large-scale forcing. Upscale error growth is evident in all regions/cases but up-amplitude growth within its own scale plays different roles in different regions/cases. When large-scale flow is important (as in the NE region), precipitation is strongly modulated by the large-scale forcing and becomes more organized with time, and upscale transfer of forecast error is stronger. On the other hand, when local instability plays more dominant roles (as in the SE region), precipitation is overall less organized and has the weakest diurnal variations. Its associated errors at the γ and β scale can reach their peaks sooner and meso-α-scale error tends to rely more on growth of error with its own scale. Small-scale forecast errors are directly impacted by convective activities and have a short response time to convection while increasingly larger-scale errors have longer response times and delayed phase within the diurnal cycle.
Intergovernmental veto points in crisis management: Italy and Spain facing the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Parrado Salvador , Galli Davide 
Published: January 2021

Italy and Spain were the first countries affected by the shift of the pandemic epicentre from east to west. The rapid spread of the virus in allegedly similar social settings, the relatively high numbers of cases and casualties, and the adoption of drastic containment measures were similar in the two countries during the first wave of the pandemic. Both countries are enmeshed in an unstable political equilibrium at the centre, governed by recently established national political coalitions that have continuously been called into question and exposed to significant public debt. The two countries differ in the role of the executive vis-a-vis the legislative, and the tensions between central coordination and regional centrifugal forces. To improve the understanding of how the pandemic has influenced decision-making and crisis management, this article explains the relevance of institutional veto points, as well as differences between the two countries. There is room to match coordination, policy capacity and shared accountability through more collaborative governance. Points for practitioners Governing a transboundary crisis that involves different governmental levels is about creating an effective coordination mechanism that clarifies responsibilities, avoiding those who may block decision-making processes (veto players) through being incentivized to do so due to the absence of adequate shared accountability systems. National and regional managers should realize that the separation of territorial powers not accompanied by political coordination jeopardizes policy capacity in both the short and long term.
Assessment of eye movements and selected vision function tests in three pupils with albinism: A case study in Tanzania
Authors: Wilhelmsen Gunvor B , Eide Mads Gjerstad , Felder Marion 
Published: January 2021

Albinism is a huge challenge both socially and educationally in Tanzania and many other countries. Pupils with albinism are normally encouraged to read with a fixed gaze due to their nystagmus, and there are doubts about whether refraction improves their reading. The aim is to get more knowledge about their functional vision as a fundament for educating pupils with albinism. The article presents a case study with three pupils from a primary school in Tanzania who went through a functional assessment of vision using standardized methods and a new eye-tracker software measuring smooth pursuits. The assessment reveals large individual differences not only in visual acuity but also in ocular motor functions. There is a need for better understanding of the vision challenges these pupils face so that professionals can develop more suitable methods in school for securing their education.
Healthcare utilization and telemedicine: An evaluation using linked administrative data from Manitoba
Authors: Llorian Elisabet Rodriguez , Mason Gregory 
Published: January 2021

Introduction This research examines utilization patterns for patients using telemedicine compared to those receiving treatment conventionally. Administrative data from 2007–2016 is linked to records from the Manitoba Telehealth programme to conduct a population-level study. Methods Using a high dimensional propensity-weighted regression model, the study compares four utilization measures between telemedicine users and non-users. These include: ambulatory visits (number of visits to any physician), visits to primary care physicians, visits to specialists and the number of hospitalizations. Results Compared to non-users, telemedicine patients showed a higher number of in-person visits. Specifically, using incidence-rate ratios, telemedicine users had 1.32 more ambulatory visits ( p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.41), 1.26 more visits to primary care practitioners ( p<0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.35), 1.38 more visits to specialists ( p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.61) and 1.14 more hospitalizations ( p>0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1.43). These results were robust to restricted analyses for distance, regions, and chronic conditions. Those patients with frequent virtual encounters with a specialist showed a decrease of the frequency of in-person visits of the same type of care (incidence-rate ratio=0.48, p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.54). Discussion Patterns in utilization vary between telemedicine users and non-users, with users showing a higher number of in-person visits than non-users, and only frequent users of telemedicine showing reduced in-person visits. Future investigation linking utilization patterns with patient care outcomes and costs will inform healthcare policy and clinical treatment plans.
Using Social Marketing to Tackle Compulsive Buying
Authors: Sârghie Monica M. Popa 
Published: January 2021

Background: The present paper focuses on compulsive buying, outlining the need to tackle this phenomenon using a social marketing approach, for the wellbeing of the affected individuals, their families and contacts, and for the health of our society at large. Focus of the Article: This conceptual development article is centered on behavior change and social marketing strategies that can address compulsive buying. Research Questions: How can social marketers help in curbing compulsive buying? What conceptual components and practical guidelines can be used in marketing programs for addressing compulsive shopping? Program Design/Approach: The platform developed herein outlines segmentation, targeting, product, price, place and promotional strategies recommended based on theoretical elements across disciplines. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: To date, compulsive buying has largely been ignored in the social marketing field, despite its relevance and prevalence. This paper provides a framework that can be employed in developing social marketing programs. Method: The proposed platform was created by bridging the literatures on compulsive buying and social marketing, identifying useful theoretical elements (e.g., the potential of the Thranstheoretical model), adapting and customizing these elements to provide actionable insights for intervention programs. The toolkit used for tackling other addictions was taken into account and integrated into the current development. Future Research: This paper offers an initial framework for social marketing efforts aimed at compulsive buying. It hopes to inspire significantly more work in this area to explore the potential of other theories and approaches to foster behavioral change for the better.
Anatomic study of fibrous structures attached to the volar ulnar corner of the radius: implications in the volar rim fracture
Authors: Saka Natsumi , Nimura Akimoto , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Nozaki Taiki , Watanabe Yoshinobu , Akita Keiichi 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to clarify the bone and soft tissue morphological features at the volar ulnar corner of the radius. Micro-computed tomography, macroscopic and histological analyses were conducted using 12 cadaveric wrists, and in vivo MRI studies of the wrist were evaluated in five healthy volunteers. The volar ulnar corner of the distal radius has a protrusion volar to the sigmoid notch. The capsule elements of the radiolunate and radioulnar joints merge and this conjoined capsule attaches to the radius at the ulnar protrusion. Histologically, this capsule attaches to the radius via fibrocartilage, with fibres running in the radioulnar direction. In-vivo MRI studies showed that the capsule attaching to the volar ulnar corner could be traced to the dorsal side of the ulnar styloid. Our findings indicate that, given the direction of the fibres, an avulsion force in the radioulnar direction could be a cause for volar rim fractures.