bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the dimethyl sulfide exchange of (1,3‐diphenylallyl)dimethylsulfonium ions
Authors: Jüstel Patrick M. , Rovó Petra , Mayr Herbert , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of the allylic rearrangement of the (1,3‐diphenylallyl)dimethylsulfonium ion in CD2Cl2, which proceeds via intermediate 1,3‐diphenylallyl cations, has been investigated by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. At low temperature, the three allylic protons give rise to an AMX system, and the two diastereotopic S‐methyl groups resonate at different frequencies. At higher temperature, an AX2 system for the allylic protons and a single signal for the S‐methyl groups are observed. The resulting exchange rate constant of (364 ± 2) s–1 at 25°C, which corresponds to the rate of the heterolytic cleavage of the C–S bond, was used to explore the range of validity of the linear free energy relationship log khet(25°C) = sf (Nf + Ef), which describes the rates of heterolytic cleavages by the electrofugality parameter Ef and the solvent‐dependent nucleofuge‐specific parameters Nf and sf. The observed rate constant corroborates a previous conclusion that two different sets of Nf and sf parameters may exist for the same nucleofuge. Knowledge of whether the reverse bond‐forming reaction occurs under activation or under diffusion control is crucial for the choice of the appropriate set of nucleofugality parameters.
Optimization of a lysis method to isolate periplasmic proteins from Gram‐negative bacteria for clinical mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheon Dong Huey , Lee Saeyoung , Yang Won Suk , Hwang Seohyun , Jang Heejung , Kim Min Jin , Baek Je‐Hyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeClinical mass spectrometry requires a simple step process for sample preparation. This study aims to optimize the method for isolating periplasmic protein from Gram‐negative bacteria and apply to clinical mass spectrometry.Experimental DesignThe Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)‐producing E. coli standard cells were used for optimizing the osmotic shock (OS) lysis method. The supernatant from OS lysis was analysed by LC‐MS/MS and MALDI‐TOF MS. The effectiveness of the OS lysis method for KPC‐2‐producing Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were then confirmed by MALDI‐TOF MS.ResultsThe optimized OS lysis using KPC‐2 producing E. coli standard cells showed a high yield of KPC‐2 protein and enriches periplasmic proteins. Compared with other lysis methods, the detection sensitivity of KPC‐2 protein significantly increased in MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Nineteen clinical isolates were validated by MALDI‐TOF MS using the OS method, which also showed higher detection sensitivity compared to other lysis method (e.g., 1.5% n‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (p < 0.001).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study provides a straightforward, rapid, affordable, and detergent‐free method for the analysis of periplasmic proteins from Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. This approach may contribute to MS‐based clinical diagnostics.
Pulmonary melioidosis complicating foreign body aspiration in a young adult
Authors: Vemuri Mahesh Babu , Malik Archana , Mohapatra Madhusmita Mohanty , Sistla Sujatha , Madan Purath Shahana , Raj Sruthi , Rajaram Manju 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMelioidosis is caused by an environmental Gram‐negative bacilli Burkholderia pseudomallei. Diabetes mellitus, occupational exposure to soil and water, pre‐existing renal diseases and thalassemia are significant independent risk factors for melioidosis. A 30‐year‐old male carpenter and smoker had a history of accidental aspiration of foreign body 2 months prior. On presentation, he had cough with expectoration and low‐grade intermittent fever for 1 month. His chest x‐ray displayed left lower zone consolidation with cavitation and presence of foreign body in the left lower lobe bronchus. Bronchoalveolar lavage inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar grew B. pseudomallei. Melioidosis due to foreign body aspiration is rare. To the best of our knowledge, there have not been reports of melioidosis infection associated with foreign body inhalation. Hence, pulmonary melioidosis can be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of foreign body with secondary infection even in immunocompetent host.
Application of a synthetic ligand in rapidly synergistic cloud point method for separation and preconcentration trace amounts of copper of water samples
Authors: Kazemi Malihe Samadi , Jamali Mohmmad Reza , Yazdani Vali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction method was used to separate and pre‐concentrate small amounts of copper ions. Synthetic ligand 4‐benzylpyridine dithiocarbamate as a complexing agent, non‐ionic surfactant (Triton X‐100) as an extractant, and octanol as a synergic reagent were used. Parameters affecting copper ion extraction such as pH, ligand concentration, octanol volume, type of diluent solvent, stirring speed and time, surfactant concentration, and the effect of ionic strength were investigated. Ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorption of copper complex. Under optimal conditions, limit of detection, preconcentration factor, and relative standard deviation for copper were 1.4 × 10–3 μg /mL, 10 and 2.1, respectively. Also, the relative extraction efficiency of copper extraction in real samples was greater than 97%.
“It Made Me Think in a Different Way”: Bilingual Students’ Perspectives on Multimodal Composing in the English Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Smith Blaine E. , Amgott Natalie , Malova Irina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined 94 bilingual and emergent bilingual 10th grade students’ perspectives on multimodal composing for academic purposes in their English Language Arts class. A social semiotics theoretical framework was employed to understand students’ views of the affordances and constraints when composing three digital multimodal projects—a hypertext poetry analysis, a persuasive podcast, and a video literary analysis. Qualitative analysis of interviews and written reflections revealed how students overwhelmingly held a positive view of composing with multiple modes for academic purposes. Students detailed the unique semiotic resources of nonlinguistic modes for supporting their understanding of the content and innovative meaning‐making. A majority of students described how communicating through multiple modes offered impactful opportunities to express their bilingual/bicultural identities as well as explore the affective dimensions of the English Language Arts content. Additionally, students explained how the process of multimodal composing fostered peer collaboration and creating meaningful connections to other works and their lives. Along with affordances, students also described a variety of challenges when designing their digital projects, including technical difficulties, uncertainty of expectations, and sufficiently representing their ideas multimodally. This study concludes with implications for how educators can learn from listening to emergent bilingual students’ perspectives when integrating technology in the classroom.
Medium-term health and social outcomes in adolescents following sexual assault: a prospective mixed-methods cohort study
Authors: Clarke Venetia , Goddard Andrea , Wellings Kaye , Hirve Raeena , Casanovas Marta , Bewley Susan , Viner Russell , Kramer Tami , Khadr Sophie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe medium-term physical and mental health and social outcomes following adolescent sexual assault, and examine users’ perceived needs and experiences.

Method
Longitudinal, mixed methods cohort study of adolescents aged 13–17 years recruited within 6 weeks of sexual assault (study entry) and followed to study end, 13–15 months post-assault.

Results
75/141 participants were followed to study end (53% retention; 71 females) and 19 completed an in-depth qualitative interview. Despite many participants accessing support services, 54%, 59% and 72% remained at risk for depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders 13–15 months post-assault. Physical symptoms were reported more frequently. Persistent (> 30 days) absence from school doubled between study entry and end, from 22 to 47%. Enduring mental ill-health and disengagement from education/employment were associated with psychosocial risk factors rather than assault characteristics. Qualitative data suggested inter-relationships between mental ill-health, physical health problems and disengagement from school, and poor understanding from schools regarding how to support young people post-assault. Baseline levels of smoking, alcohol and ever drug use were high and increased during the study period (only significantly for alcohol use).

Conclusion
Adolescents presenting after sexual assault have high levels of vulnerability over a year post-assault. Many remain at risk for mental health disorders, highlighting the need for specialist intervention and ongoing support. A key concern for young people is disruption to their education. Multi-faceted support is needed to prevent social exclusion and further widening of health inequalities in this population, and to support young people in their immediate and long-term recovery.
Roles of vertical distributions of atmospheric transient eddy dynamical forcing and diabatic heating in midlatitude unstable air–sea interaction
Authors: Fang Jiabei , Chen Lilan , Yang Xiu-Qun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtmospheric transient eddy dynamical forcing (TEDF)-driven midlatitude unstable air–sea interaction has recently been recognized as a crucial positive feedback for the maintenance of the extratropical decadal variabilities. Our recent theoretical work (Chen et al., Clim Dyn 10.1007/s00382-020-05405-0, 2020) has characterized such an interaction through building an analytical midlatitude barotropic atmospheric model coupled to a simplified upper oceanic model. This study extends the analytical model to including a two-layer quasi-geostrophic baroclinic atmospheric model and then identifies the roles of vertical distributions of atmospheric TEDF and diabatic heating in midlatitude unstable air–sea interaction. It is found that midlatitude air–sea coupling with more realistic vertical profiles of atmospheric TEDF and diabatic heating destabilizes oceanic Rossby wave modes over the entire range of zonal wavelengths, in which the most unstable coupled mode features an equivalent barotropic atmospheric low (high) pressure over a cold (warm) oceanic surface. Spatial structure and period of the most unstable mode are more consistent with the observation than those from in previous model. Although either TEDF or diabatic heating alone can lead to a destabilized coupled mode, the former makes a dominant contribution to the instability. The increase of low-layer TEDF stimulates the instability more effectively if the TEDF in upper layer is larger than in lower layer, while the TEDF in either high or low layers can individually cause the instability. The surface heating always destabilizes the air–sea interaction, while the mid-level heating always decays the coupled mode. The results of this study further confirm the TEDF-driven positive feedback mechanism in midlatitude air–sea interaction proposed by recent observational and numerical experiment studies.
Pro-vegetarian food patterns and cardiometabolic risk in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional baseline analysis
Authors: Oncina-Cánovas Alejandro , Vioque Jesús , González-Palacios Sandra , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Zomeño Dolores , Martínez J. Alfredo , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Romaguera Dora , López-Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Bernal-Lopez Rosa M. , Lapetra José , Serra-Majem J. Luís , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A. , Martín-Sánchez Vicente , Pintó Xavier , Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel , Matía-Martín Pilar , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emili , Toledo Estefanía , Babio Nancy , Sorli Jose V. , Schröder Helmut , Zulet María Angeles , Sorto-Sánchez Carolina , Barón-López Francisco Javier , Compañ-Gabucio Laura , Morey Marga , García-Ríos Antonio , Casas Rosa , Gómez-Pérez Ana María , Santos-Lozano José Manuel , Vázquez-Ruiz Zenaida , Nishi Stephanie K. , Asensio Eva M. , Soldevila Núria , Abete Itziar , Goicolea-Güemez Leire , Buil-Cosiales Pilar , García-Gavilán Jesús F. , Canals Erik , Torres-Collado Laura , García-de-la-Hera Manuela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We explored the cross-sectional association between the adherence to three different provegetarian (PVG) food patterns defined as general (gPVG), healthful (hPVG) and unhealthful (uPVG), and the cardiometabolic risk in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized intervention study.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 6439 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized intervention study. The gPVG food pattern was built by positively scoring plant foods (vegetables/fruits/legumes/grains/potatoes/nuts/olive oil) and negatively scoring, animal foods (meat and meat products/animal fats/eggs/fish and seafood/dairy products). The hPVG and uPVG were generated from the gPVG by adding four new food groups (tea and coffee/fruit juices/sugar-sweetened beverages/sweets and desserts), splitting grains and potatoes and scoring them differently. Multivariable-adjusted robust linear regression using MM-type estimator was used to assess the association between PVG food patterns and the standardized Metabolic Syndrome score (MetS z-score), a composed index that has been previously used to ascertain the cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
A higher adherence to the gPVG and hPVG was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in multivariable models. The regression coefficients for 5th vs. 1st quintile were − 0.16 (95% CI: − 0.33 to 0.01) for gPVG (p trend: 0.015), and − 0.23 (95% CI: − 0.41 to − 0.05) for hPVG (p trend: 0.016). In contrast, a higher adherence to the uPVG was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk, 0.21 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.38) (p trend: 0.019).

Conclusion
Higher adherence to gPVG and hPVG food patterns was generally associated with lower cardiovascular risk, whereas higher adherence to uPVG was associated to higher cardiovascular risk.
Predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula in pancreatic head resections: which score fits all?
Authors: Adamu Mariam , Plodeck Verena , Adam Claudia , Roehnert Anne , Welsch Thilo , Weitz Juergen , Distler Marius 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication of pancreatic surgery and can be fatal. Better stratification of patients into risk groups may help to select those who might benefit from strategies to prevent complications. The aim of this study was to validate ten prognostic scores in patients who underwent pancreatic head surgery.

Methods
A total of 364 patients were included in this study between September 2012 and August 2017. Ten risk scores were applied to this cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed considering all risk factors in the scores. Furthermore, the stratification of patients into risk categories was statistically tested.

Results
Nine of the scores (Ansorge et al., Braga et al., Callery et al., Graham et al., Kantor et al., Mungroop et al., Roberts et al., Yamamoto et al. and Wellner et al.) showed strong prognostic stratification for developing POPF (p < 0.001). There was no significant prognostic value for the Fujiwara et al. risk score. Histology, pancreatic duct diameter, intraabdominal fat thickness in computed tomography findings, body mass index, and C-reactive protein were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Most risk scores tend to stratify patients correctly according to risk for POPF. Nevertheless, except for the fistula risk score (Callery et al.) and its alternative version (Mungroop et al.), many of the published risk scores are obscure even for the dedicated pancreatic surgeon in terms of their clinical practicability. There is a need for future studies to provide strategies for preventing POPF and managing patients with high-risk stigmata.
Succinct Encoding of Binary Strings Representing Triangulations
Authors: Fuentes-Sepúlveda José , Seco Diego , Viaña Raquel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of designing a succinct data structure for representing the connectivity of planar triangulations. The main result is a new succinct encoding achieving the information-theory optimal bound of 3.24 bits per vertex, while allowing efficient navigation. Our representation is based on the bijection of Poulalhon and Schaeffer (Algorithmica, 46(3):505–527, 2006) that defines a mapping between planar triangulations and a special class of spanning trees, called PS-trees. The proposed solution differs from previous approaches in that operations in planar triangulations are reduced to operations in particular parentheses sequences encoding PS-trees. Existing methods to handle balanced parentheses sequences have to be combined and extended to operate on such specific sequences, essentially for retrieving matching elements. The new encoding supports extracting the d neighbors of a query vertex in O(d) time and testing adjacency between two vertices in O(1) time. Additionally, we provide an implementation of our proposed data structure. In the experimental evaluation, our representation reaches up to 7.35 bits per vertex, improving the space usage of state-of-the-art implementations for planar embeddings.
The Secret Smiles of Things: Sartre’s Realism Reconsidered
Authors: Gusman Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, I argue against a widespread misconception concerning the nature of things in Sartre’s philosophy. Sartre’s conception of the nature of things concerns the idea that outside of consciousness a single undifferentiated mass of brute being exists which is divided into definitive things by consciousness. I propose a different reading of Sartre’s realism. Such a reading is based primarily on Nausea, Being and Nothingness and Consciousness of Self and Knowledge of Self states that, contra common conception, there is no brute being outside of consciousness, but rather, a vast multitude of different things.
A general protocol for distributed quantum gates
Authors: Sarvaghad-Moghaddam Moein , Zomorodi Mariam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn distributed quantum computation, quantum remote-controlled gates are used frequently and applied on separate nodes or subsystems of a network. One of the universal and well-known controlled gates is the n-qubit controlled-NOT gate, especially Toffoli gate for the case of three qubits, which are frequently used to synthesize quantum circuits. In this paper, we considered a more general case, an n-qubit controlled-U gate, and present a general protocol for implementing these gates remotely with minimum required resources. Then, the proposed method is applied to implement a Toffoli gate in bipartite and tripartite systems. In this method, we considered cases in which a group of qubits belongs to one subsystem of the network. Then, we improved its consumption resources.
Prediction of interwell connectivity and interference degree between production wells in a tight gas reservoir
Authors: Gong Mingze , Zhang Jinliang , Yan Zhaoxun , Wang Jinkai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSulige gas field has poor reservoir physical properties and strong heterogeneity. The existing development well pattern is difficult to realize the overall effective production of reserves, especially in block SuX. Therefore, this paper takes SuX block in the east of Sulige as an example to describe an effective method suitable for the development of well pattern in this area. Combined with logging and production data, the connectivity of gas wells in X infill area in the east of Sulige is determined from the aspects of pressure, sand body, logging, performance and well test. By using the method of dynamic and static analysis, the connectivity between wells of main gas reservoir is judged. Through the analysis of flow unit, the discharge area and the stable value of well-controlled reserves are determined. The degree of interference determined by curve fitting and the distribution characteristics of sand bodies are comprehensively analyzed. A new oil well interference degree model defined by mathematical expression of production is established. The interference degree is quantified by gas production through numerical simulation. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the connectivity, interference degree and other factors in the area, it is determined that 500 * 600 well pattern is a reasonable well pattern in SuX block, and the interference degree is about 20%. Based on the analysis of the connectivity between wells and the interference degree between production wells in SuX block, the distribution and connectivity of sand bodies in tight sandstone gas field under complex geological conditions are determined. It provides a reasonable basis for the network encryption development of tight sandstone gas in this block. It provides a powerful technical support for the efficient development of different tight gas reservoirs in Sulige area.
Recognizing the best intervals for hydraulic fracturing using a new fracability index
Authors: Amiri Hamed , Ramezanzadeh Ahmad , Chamanzad Mohamadali , Parhizgar Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first phase of any hydraulic fracturing (HF) operation is to select carefully the best layers and wells based on a specific set of criteria. Selecting HF candidates plays a pivotal role in achieving the desired objective such that any attempt to execute this treatment fails without performing comprehensive studies in this regard. In this paper, data from 3 wells in a fractured carbonate reservoir in one of the biggest oilfields of Iran are studied for selecting the best HF candidate. Of these wells, which are comprised of 45 evaluated layers, the best candidate wells/layers are selected from a geomechanical point of view. Initially, a new fracability index appropriate for carbonate reservoirs, namely total fracability index (TFI), is defined. This index integrates mechanical properties and horizontal stresses into an equation. In the next step, four main criteria, namely layer thickness, TFI, natural fractures state (including orientation and density), and fracture confinement, are employed to choose the candidate layers in the wells. Lastly, having used these criteria and analytic hierarchy process, candidate intervals are selected and a hydraulic fracturing simulation model (P3D) is used for evaluation.