bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Physical Fitness on the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity: Mediator or Moderator?
Authors: Lopes Vitor P. , Rodrigues Luis P. 
Published: September 2021

Understanding the mechanisms associated with engaging in physical activity (PA) is crucial for its promotion. The aim was to analyze the relationship between motor competence (MC) and PA and the role of physical fitness (PF). Participants wereN = 1,064 children of both sexes (n = 530 girls) and 7.87 ± 1.17 years of age. MC was assessed with KörperkoordinationTest für Kinder. PF was assessed with 50-yard dash, 1-mile run/walk, and standing long jump. PA was assessed with a questionnaire. Mediation and moderation were determined according to Baron and Kenny using Sobel test for indirect effect and using PROCESS (version 3.4). Mediation results showed perfect mediation in girls but not in boys and not when all participants were included in the analysis. The linear moderation was significant for all participants and for boys and girls apart. However, the results of conditional effects of MC at the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentile of the PF, which became significant at the 50th percentile for all participants and for boys, were not significant in girls. In conclusion, perfect mediation seems to exist in girls but not in boys. In boys, the relationship between MC and PA seems conditioned by the PF levels.
Novel Strained Alicyclic Hydrocarbons Based on 5-Methylene-2-norbornene
Authors: Zarezin D. P. , Rudakova M. A. , Samoilov V. O. , Sultanova M. U. , Maximov A. L. , Bermeshev M. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the synthesis of novel strained hydrocarbons based on a
diene of the norbornene series, namely 5-methylene-2-norbornene, using catalytic
cyclopropanation with diazomethane. The study demonstrated the possibility of
selective cyclopropanation solely along the endocyclic double bond. The
physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons were investigated systematically.
These hydrocarbons were shown to have an advantageous combination of high
density, low freezing point, and high energy density value. The study’s findings
indicate that the compounds synthesized are promising as a component of
high-energy-density fuels for modern jet engines.
Two-Level Regression Method Using Ensembles of Trees with Optimal Divergence
Authors: Zhuravlev Yu. I. , Senko O. V. , Dokukin A. A. , Kiselyova N. N. , Saenko I. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article discusses a new two-level regression analysis method in which a corrective procedure is applied to optimal ensembles of regression trees. Optimization is carried out based on the simultaneous achievement of the divergence of the algorithms in the forecast space and a good approximation of the data by individual algorithms of the ensemble. Simple averaging, random regression forest, and gradient boosting are used as corrective procedures. Experiments are presented comparing the proposed method with the standard decision forest and the standard gradient boosting method for decision trees.
Arthroscopic Bankart versus open Latarjet as a primary operative treatment for traumatic anteroinferior instability in young males: a randomised controlled trial with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Kukkonen Juha , Elamo Sami , Flinkkilä Tapio , Paloneva Juha , Mäntysaari Miia , Joukainen Antti , Lehtinen Janne , Lepola Vesa , Holstila Milja , Kauko Tommi , Aarimaa Ville 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the success rates of arthroscopic Bankart and open Latarjet procedure in the treatment of traumatic shoulder instability in young males.DesignMulticentre randomised controlled trial.SettingOrthopaedic departments in eight public hospitals in Finland.Participants122 young males, mean age 21 years (range 16–25 years) with traumatic shoulder anteroinferior instability were randomised.InterventionsArthroscopic Bankart (group B) or open Latarjet (group L) procedure.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the reported recurrence of instability, that is, dislocation at 2-year follow-up. The secondary outcome measures included clinical apprehension, sports activity level, the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, the pain Visual Analogue Scale, the Oxford Shoulder Instability Score, the Constant Score and the Subjective Shoulder Value scores and the progression of osteoarthritic changes in plain films and MRI.Results91 patients were available for analyses at 2-year follow-up (drop-out rate 25%). There were 10 (21%) patients with redislocations in group B and 1 (2%) in group L, p=0.006. One (9%) patient in group B and five (56%) patients in group L returned to their previous top level of competitive sports (p=0.004) at follow-up. There was no statistically significant between group differences in any of the other secondary outcome measures.ConclusionsArthroscopic Bankart operation carries a significant risk for short-term postoperative redislocations compared with open Latarjet operation, in the treatment of traumatic anteroinferior instability in young males. Patients should be counselled accordingly before deciding the surgical treatment.Trial registration numberNCT01998048.
High-flow nasal cannula therapy in a predominantly African American population with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure
Authors: Nguyen Paul L , Osman Heba , Watza Donovan , Khicher Suman , Sharma Aditi , Dyson Greg , Saydain Ghulam , Soubani Ayman 
Published: September 2021

ImportanceUse of non-invasive respiratory modalities in COVID-19 has the potential to reduce rates of intubation and mortality in severe disease however data regarding the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in this population is limited.ObjectiveTo interrogate clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with high-flow failure.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate characteristics of high-flow therapy use early in the pandemic and interrogate factors associated with respiratory therapy failure.SettingMultisite single centre hospital system within the metropolitan Detroit region.ParticipantsPatients from within the Detroit Medical Center (n=104, 89% African American) who received HFNC therapy during a COVID-19 admission between March and May of 2020.Primary outcomeHFNC failure is defined as death or intubation while on therapy.ResultsTherapy failure occurred in 57% of the patient population, factors significantly associated with failure centred around markers of multiorgan failure including hepatic dysfunction/transaminitis (OR=6.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 19.4, p<0.01), kidney injury (OR=7.0, 95% CI 2.7 to 17.8, p<0.01) and coagulation dysfunction (OR=4.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 17.1, p=0.03). Conversely, comorbidities, admission characteristics, early oxygen requirements and evaluation just prior to HFNC therapy initiation were not significantly associated with success or failure of therapy.ConclusionsIn a population disproportionately affected by COVID-19, we present key indicators of likely HFNC failure and highlight a patient population in which aggressive monitoring and intervention are warranted.
Gravitational decoupling and superfluid stars
Authors: da Rocha Roldao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe gravitational decoupling is applied to studying minimal geometric deformed (MGD) compact superfluid stars, in covariant logarithmic scalar gravity on fluid branes. The brane finite tension is shown to provide more realistic values for the asymptotic value of the mass function of MGD superfluid stars, besides constraining the range of the self-interacting scalar field, minimally coupled to gravity. Several other physical features of MGD superfluid stars, regulated by the finite brane tension and a decoupling parameter, are derived and discussed, with important corrections to the general-relativistic limit that corroborate to current observational data.
HEART:

H

ybrid Memory and

E

nergy-

A

ware

R

eal-

T

ime Scheduling for Multi-Processor Systems
Authors: Günzel Mario , Hakert Christian , Chen Kuan-Hsun , Chen Jian-Jia 
Published: September 2021

Dynamic power management (DPM) reduces the power consumption of a computing system when it idles, by switching the system into a low power state for hibernation. When all processors in the system share the same component, e.g., a shared memory, powering off this component during hibernation is only possible when all processors idle at the same time. For a real-time system, the schedulability property has to be guaranteed on every processor, especially if idle intervals are considered to be actively introduced.
In this work, we consider real-time systems with hybrid shared-memory architectures, which consist of shared volatile memory (VM) and non-volatile memory (NVM). Energy-efficient execution is achieved by applying DPM to turn off all memories during the hibernation mode. Towards this, we first explore the hybrid memory architectures and suggest a task model, which features configurable hibernation overheads. We propose a multi-processor procrastination algorithm (HEART), based on partitioned earliest-deadline-first (pEDF) scheduling. Our algorithm facilitates reducing the energy consumption by actively enlarging the hibernation time. It enforces all processors to idle simultaneously without violating the schedulability condition, such that the system can enter the hibernation state, where shared memories are turned off. Throughout extensive evaluation of HEART, we demonstrate (1) the increase in potential hibernation time, respectively the decrease in energy consumption, and (2) that our algorithm is not only more general but also has better performance than the state of the art with respect to energy efficiency in most cases.
Computational Analysis of Cholangiocarcinoma Phosphoproteomes Identifies Patient-Specific Drug Targets
Authors: Khorsandi Shirin Elizabeth , Dokal Arran D. , Rajeeve Vinothini , Britton David J. , Illingworth Megan S. , Heaton Nigel , Cutillas Pedro R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a form of hepatobiliary cancer with an abysmal prognosis. Despite advances in our understanding of cholangiocarcinoma pathophysiology and its genomic landscape, targeted therapies have not yet made a significant impact on its clinical management. The low response rates of targeted therapies in cholangiocarcinoma suggest that patient heterogeneity contributes to poor clinical outcome. Here we used mass spectrometry–based phosphoproteomics and computational methods to identify patient-specific drug targets in patient tumors and cholangiocarcinoma-derived cell lines. We analyzed 13 primary tumors of patients with cholangiocarcinoma with matched nonmalignant tissue and 7 different cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, leading to the identification and quantification of more than 13,000 phosphorylation sites. The phosphoproteomes of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and patient tumors were significantly correlated. MEK1, KIT, ERK1/2, and several cyclin-dependent kinases were among the protein kinases most frequently showing increased activity in cholangiocarcinoma relative to nonmalignant tissue. Application of the Drug Ranking Using Machine Learning (DRUML) algorithm selected inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC; belinostat and CAY10603) and PI3K pathway members as high-ranking therapies to use in primary cholangiocarcinoma. The accuracy of the computational drug rankings based on predicted responses was confirmed in cell-line models of cholangiocarcinoma. Together, this study uncovers frequently activated biochemical pathways in cholangiocarcinoma and provides a proof of concept for the application of computational methodology to rank drugs based on efficacy in individual patients.Significance:Phosphoproteomic and computational analyses identify patient-specific drug targets in cholangiocarcinoma, supporting the potential of a machine learning method to predict personalized therapies.
Obrigada
Authors: Castro Marcela 
Published: September 2021

Narrativa literária contextualizada no isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia do coronavírus, que evidencia o conflito entre mulheres mães de classes sociais distintas, através da possibilidade de vivência do distanciamento por uma mulher e não pela outra. O conto constitui-se como linguagem de denúncia sobre os privilégios de classe, raça e gênero da sociedade brasileira.
Commuting, Labor, and Housing Market Effects of Mass Transportation: Welfare and Identification
Authors: Severen Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
I study Los Angeles Metro Rail's effects using panel data on bilateral commuting flows, a quantitative spatial model, and historically motivated quasi-experimental research designs. The model separates transit's commuting effects from local productivity or amenity effects, and spatial shift-share instruments identify inelastic labor and housing supply. Metro Rail connections increase commuting by 16% but do not have large effects on local productivity or amenities. Metro Rail generates $94 million in annual benefits by 2000 or 12–25% of annualized costs. Accounting for reduced congestion and slow transit adoption adds, at most, another $200 million in annual benefits.
The Dynamic Effects of Tax Audits
Authors: Advani Arun , Elming William , Shaw Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of audits on long run compliance behavior using a random audit program covering more than 53,000 tax returns. We find that audits raise reported tax liabilities for five years after audit, effects are longer-lasting for more stable sources of income, and only individuals found to have made errors respond to audit. A total of 60%–65% of revenue from audit comes from the change in reporting behavior. Extending the standard model of rational tax evasion, we show that these results are best explained by information revealed by audits constraining future misreporting. Together these imply that more resources should be devoted to audits, audit targeting should account for reporting responses, and performing audits has additional value beyond merely threatening them.
The Peace Advocacy of Pope Francis: Jesuit Perspectives
Authors: Massaro Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Among the distinctive features of the papal ministry of Francis is an active dedication to peacemaking that bears noteworthy marks of his Jesuit background. A number of elements within Jesuit spirituality and history contribute to the distinctive stance that Francis assumes toward supporting peace and building the structures and conditions that encourage nonviolent resolution of conflicts worldwide. The pope’s dialogic style of diplomacy proceeds through pointed words, timely apostolic visits, and rich symbolic gestures aimed at peacebuilding and reconciliation.
A Comparison between Moist and Dry Tropical Cyclones: The Low Effectiveness of Surface Sensible Heat Flux in Storm Intensification
Authors: Ma Zhanhong , Fei Jianfang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Recent numerical modeling studies demonstrate that dry tropical cyclones can be stably sustained via a supply of surface sensible heat flux. This raises questions of whether surface sensible heat flux (SHX) and latent heat flux (LHX) have the same effect on the intensity evolution of tropical cyclones. An estimation of equivalent potential temperature budget in the boundary layer shows that LHX leads to larger increase in equivalent potential temperature than SHX even when they possess the same magnitude. By formulating these two kinds of surface heat fluxes with the same mathematical framework, the simulated intensifications of moist and dry tropical cyclones are compared, with the former driven exclusively by LHX and the latter by SHX. Results show significantly larger intensification rates for the tropical cyclone driven by LHX than that by SHX, revealing low effectiveness of SHX in the intensification of tropical cyclones. The diabatic heating in the moist tropical cyclone occurs accompanying the convection, while it is merely pronounced near the surface in the dry tropical cyclone and is decoupled from the dry convection. A new surface pressure tendency equation is proposed, without incorporating the implicit pressure tendency term on the right-hand side. The budget analysis indicates that the SHX is less effective than LHX in lowering surface central pressure and therefore in tropical cyclone intensification. A series of sensitivity experiments suggest that the threshold of energy input required for spinning up a tropical cyclone is lower in the form of LHX than that of SHX.
Orographically Modified Ice-Phase Precipitation Processes During the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX)
Authors: DeLaFrance Andrew , McMurdie Lynn , Rowe Angela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver mountainous terrain, windward enhancement of stratiform precipitation results from a combination of warm-rain and ice-phase processes. In this study, ice-phase precipitation processes are investigated within frontal systems during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX). An enhanced layer of radar reflectivity (ZH) above the melting level bright band (i.e., a secondary ZH maximum) is observed over both the windward slopes of the Olympic Mountains and the upstream ocean, with a higher frequency of occurrence and higher ZH values over the windward slopes indicating an orographic enhancement of ice-phase precipitation processes. Aircraft-based in situ observations are evaluated for the 01-02 and 03 December 2015 orographically-enhanced precipitation events. Above the secondary ZH maximum, the hydrometeors are primarily horizontally oriented dendritic and branched crystals. Within the secondary ZH maximum, there are high concentrations of large (> ~2 mm diameter) dendrites, plates, and aggregates thereof, with a significant degree of riming. In both events, aggregation and riming appear to be enhanced within a turbulent layer near sheared flow at the top of a low-level jet impinging on the terrain and forced to rise above the melting level. Based on windward ground sites at low-, mid-, and high-elevations, secondary ZH maxima periods during all of OLYMPEX are associated with increased rain rates and larger mass-weighted mean drop diameters compared to periods without a secondary ZH maximum. This result suggests that precipitation originating from secondary ZH maxima layers may contribute to enhanced windward precipitation accumulations through the formation of large, dense particles that accelerate fallout.
Comparing Partial and Continuously Cycling Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation Systems for Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecast Initialization
Authors: Schwartz Craig S. , Poterjoy Jonathan , Carley Jacob R. , Dowell David C. , Romine Glen S. , Ide Kayo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Several limited-area 80-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation systems with 15-km horizontal grid spacing were run over a computational domain spanning the conterminous United States (CONUS) for a 4-week period. One EnKF employed continuous cycling, where the prior ensemble was always the 1-h forecast initialized from the previous cycle’s analysis. In contrast, the other EnKFs used a partial cycling procedure, where limited-area states were discarded after 12 or 18 h of self-contained hourly cycles and reinitialized the next day from global model fields. “Blended” states were also constructed by combining large scales from global ensemble initial conditions (ICs) with small scales from limited-area continuously cycling EnKF analyses using a low-pass filter. Both the blended states and EnKF analysis ensembles initialized 36-h, 10-member ensemble forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing. Continuously cycling EnKF analyses initialized ∼1–18-h precipitation forecasts that were comparable to or somewhat better than those with partial cycling EnKF ICs. Conversely, ∼18–36-h forecasts with partial cycling EnKF ICs were comparable to or better than those with unblended continuously cycling EnKF ICs. However, blended ICs yielded ∼18–36-h forecasts that were statistically indistinguishable from those with partial cycling ICs. ICs that more closely resembled global analysis spectral characteristics at wavelengths > 200 km, like partial cycling and blended ICs, were associated with relatively good ∼18–36-h forecasts. Ultimately, findings suggest that EnKFs employing a combination of continuous cycling and blending can potentially replace the partial cycling assimilation systems that currently initialize operational limited-area models over the CONUS without sacrificing forecast quality.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Numerical weather prediction models (i.e., weather models) are initialized through a process called data assimilation, which combines real atmospheric observations with a previous short-term weather model forecast using statistical techniques. The overarching data assimilation strategy currently used to initialize operational regional weather models over the United States has several disadvantages that ultimately limit progress toward improving weather model forecasts. Thus, we suggest an alternative data assimilation strategy be adopted to initialize a next-generation, high-resolution (∼3 km) probabilistic forecast system currently being developed. This alternative approach preserves forecast quality while fostering a framework that can accelerate weather model improvements, which in turn will lead to better weather forecasts.
Implications of Misleading News Reporting on Tourism at the Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mushawemhuka William , Hoogendoorn Gijsbert , Fitchett Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe tourism sector plays a major role in the economic development of a number of countries in the Global South, particularly Southern Africa. One such country is Zimbabwe, which struggles with significant economic hardships and relies heavily on the tourism sector. The Victoria Falls, a key tourism attraction of Zimbabwe on the Zambezi River was the subject of a plethora of news articles published between November 2019 and January 2020. The media suggested that the world’s largest waterfall had dried up due to climate change induced drought. These reports arose during the dry season and were thus arguably ill-founded and downplayed the natural seasonal characteristics of the Zambezi River. This paper presents content analysis of these media articles and the phenomenological qualitative data analysis of interviews conducted with tourism operators in Victoria Falls. Although some of the articles published within this period strived for accurate reporting, some articles claimed that the Victoria Falls was dry, which was inconsistent with experiences of tourism operators. This inaccurate reporting is argued by the tourism operators to have negatively affected the tourism sector and destination image of the key attraction. This paper highlights the need for accurate science-based media reporting on weather, climate, climate change and the knowledge of the local tourism stakeholders within the tourism sector.