bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Sea‐Level Rise on Hypoxia and Phytoplankton Production in Chesapeake Bay: Model Prediction and Assessment
Authors: Cai Xun , Shen Jian , Zhang Yinglong J. , Qin Qubin , Wang Zhengui , Wang Harry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the influence of sea‐level rise (SLR) on seasonal hypoxia and phytoplankton production in Chesapeake Bay is investigated using a 3D unstructured grid model. Three SLR scenarios (0.17, 0.5, and 1.0 m) were conducted from 1991 to 1995. Results show that the summer hypoxic volume (HV) increases about 2%, 8%, and 16%, respectively, for these three scenarios, compared with Base Scenario. The contributions of physical and biological processes on the increase in the HV were analyzed. With the projected SLR, enhanced gravitational circulation transports more oxygen‐rich water in the bottom layer from the mouth. However, the pycnocline moves upwards along with increasing water depth, which largely prolongs the time for dissolved oxygen (DO) to be transported to the bottom. The altered physical processes contribute greatly to a larger HV bay‐wide. Besides, SLR increases the whole Bay phytoplankton production, with a larger increase in shallow areas (e.g., 53% in areas with depth <1 m under SLR of 0.5 m). Enhanced light availability is suggested to be the major driver of blooming phytoplankton under SLR in shallow areas. While increased DO production over the euphotic zone is mostly released to the atmosphere and transported downstream, the increase in settled organic matter greatly promotes DO consumption in the water column. The increased respiration is another major cause of the HV increase besides the physical contributions.
An Interval Two‐Stage Classified‐Allocation Model for Regional Water Management under Nonstationary Condition
Authors: Chen Shu , Li Qingqing , Xu Jijun , Wang Dong , Wang Yongqiang , Yuan Zhe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to climate change and human activities, the assumption of the stationarity of hydrologic features will no longer hold. Moreover, uncertainties, such as the apparent randomness of hydrologic elements, and complexities, such as the existence of various water users with different characteristics, also introduce huge challenges for water managers. To address nonstationarity, uncertainty, and complexity, a new approach is proposed for the optimal allocation of regional water resources. This objective was achieved via two steps: First, the generalized additive model was chosen to analyze the nonstationary probability distribution of the hydrologic dataset; then, an interval two‐stage classified‐allocation model is formulated by incorporating two‐stage stochastic programming, interval parameter programming and classification thought. The model can not only address uncertainties, which were expressed as interval parameters and probability distributions, but can also handle complexities by classifying the water users into agricultural and nonagricultural users. The approach was applied to the Zhanghe Irrigation District to optimize available water allocation for municipality, industry, hydropower, and agriculture in two planning years (namely 2010 and 2015). The annual inflow of the Zhanghe Reservoir is found to be nonstationary and can be well fitted by Gamma distribution with one location parameter based on a nonlinear function of time. Moreover, the difference in output between the two years with different inflow probability distributions indicates the need for nonstationary analysis. Comparison to the inexact two‐stage water management model that did not consider the variation of agricultural water requirement shows the meaning of classification. From the results, municipality and industry are more competitive than agriculture and then hydropower. For agriculture, winter rape and cotton have higher priority than rice. These solutions of the optimal targets and optimal water allocation for different water users can help managers to accurately develop allocation plans under uncertain and nonstationary conditions.
Becoming an operating system
Authors: RUTHERFORD DANILYN 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTA remarkable experiment in assistive technology, known as PODD, draws on and challenges mainstream understandings of communication in the US. To engage disabled people in conversation, caregivers turn to PODD books, which are binders of laminated sheets that display icons. As caregivers use these books, they act as “operating systems,” listing directions as they navigate from page to page, then animating the selected utterance in an enthusiastic tone. PODD plays on the language ideology that underlies most communication systems, which are designed to liberate speaking subjects trapped by the limitations of their bodies and minds. But PODD also confronts its users with aspects of communication that set aside the question of meaning. Drawing on interviews and participant observation in trainings with my nonverbal daughter, I show how caregivers struggle to inhabit a community of sign use in which referential meaning is both longed for and beside the point. [disability, communication, language ideology, personhood, ethics, affect, United States]
A self‐help version of the New Forest Parenting Programme for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a qualitative study of parent views and acceptability
Authors: Tarver Joanne , Daley David , Sayal Kapil 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough parent interventions are recommended as a frontline treatment approach for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a number of practical and situational barriers can impact accessibility and availability. Self‐help parent interventions offer a potential alternative to therapist‐led interventions when barriers prevent access to face‐to‐face treatment. This qualitative study aims to explore participant views and acceptability of self‐help parent interventions.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents/carers of 12 children (age 6–10 years) with ADHD who received the self‐help version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP‐SH) as part of a randomised controlled trial. Thematic analysis (as proposed by Braun and Clarke) was used to analyse the data.ResultsOverall, participants had favourable views of the self‐help intervention but also experienced some barriers to treatment adherence. Six key themes were identified in parent interviews related to parental desire to learn more; acquisition of new skills; the flexibility of the intervention; self‐help intervention vs. traditional therapist‐led formats; barriers to engagement in the home environment; and need for earlier access to help.ConclusionsNFPP‐SH was an acceptable intervention for parents. However, some parents may need additional support to overcome barriers associated with completing an intervention at home. Implications for healthcare providers and researchers developing self‐help parent interventions for ADHD and child behaviour are discussed.
Expression of fibrosis‐related genes in liver allografts: Association with histology and long‐term outcome after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Voutilainen Silja H. , Kosola Silja K. , Lohi Jouko , Jahnukainen Timo , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Jalanko Hannu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnexplained graft fibrosis and inflammation are common after pediatric liver transplantation (LT).ObjectiveWe investigated the graft expression of fibrogenic genes and correlated the findings with transplant histopathology and outcome.MethodsLiver biopsies from 29 recipients were obtained at a median of 13.1 (IQR: 5.0–18.4) years after pediatric LT. Control samples were from six liver‐healthy subjects. Hepatic expression of 40 fibrosis‐related genes was correlated to histological findings: normal histology, fibrosis with no inflammation, and fibrosis with inflammation. Liver function was evaluated after a subsequent follow‐up of 9.0 years (IQR: 8.0–9.4).ResultsPatients with fibrosis and no inflammation had significantly increased gene expression of profibrotic TGF‐β3 (1.17 vs. 1.02 p = .005), CTGF (1.64 vs. 0.66 p = .014), PDGF‐α (1.79 vs. 0.98 p = .049), PDGF ‐β (0.99 vs. 0.76 p = .006), integrin‐subunit‐β1 (1.19 vs. 1.02 p = .045), α‐SMA (1.12 vs. 0.58 p = .013), type I collagen (0.82 vs. 0.53 p = .005) and antifibrotic decorin (1.15 vs. 0.99 p = .045) compared to patients with normal histology. mRNA expression of VEGF A (0.84 vs. 1.06 p = .049) was lower. Only a few of the studied genes were upregulated in patients with both fibrosis and inflammation. The gene expression levels showed no association with later graft outcome.ConclusionsAltered hepatic expression of fibrosis‐related genes is associated with graft fibrosis without concurrent inflammation.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a potential cause of type 1 diabetes facilitated by spike protein receptor binding domain attachment to human islet cells: An illustrative case study and experimental data
Authors: Venkatesh Nisha , Astbury Natalie , Thomas Merlin C. , Rosado Carlos J. , Pappas Evan , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , MacIsaac Richard J. , Kay Thomas W. H. , Thomas Helen E. , O'Neal David N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsAim of this study is to report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), as a possible cause for type 1 diabetes by providing an illustrative clinical case of a man aged 45 years presenting with antibody‐negative diabetic ketoacidosis post‐recovery from COVID‐19 pneumonia and to explore the potential for SARS‐CoV‐2 to adhere to human islet cells.MethodsExplanted human islet cells from three independent solid organ donors were incubated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor biding domain (RBD) fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) or a control‐GFP, with differential adherence established by flow cytometry.ResultsFlow cytometry revealed dose‐dependent specific binding of RBD‐GFP to islet cells when compared to control‐GFP.ConclusionsAlthough a causal basis remains to be established, our case and in vitro data highlight a potential mechanism by which SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may result in antibody‐negative type 1 diabetes.
Renewing creative work for business innovation: Architectural practice in the trading zone
Authors: Stang Våland Marianne , Svejenova Silviya , Clausen Rune Thorbjørn Jason 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow do organizations in creative industries renew creative work for business innovation? What challenges do they experience in the process? Drawing on an eight‐month ethnography in an architectural practice, this article suggests that renewal of creative work takes place in two main trading zones: a creative business trading zone of managers and architects trading with the conception of architectural practice as a business, and a creative process trading zone of architects and process facilitators trading with the process of architectural design. We show how resolving challenges within and moving across trading zones enables managers and architects to renew the architectural design process and establish renewal as a business innovation. The study advances the understanding of innovation in creative industries by proposing trading zones as arenas for negotiating art‐business tensions and ‘tools’ for renewing creative work, to make way for business innovation while preserving the autonomy of the creative professionals.
An integrated information systems architecture for the agri‐food industry
Authors: Branco Frederico , Gonçalves Ramiro , Moreira Fernando , Au‐Yong‐Oliveira Manuel , Martins José 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs information systems and technologies grow in usage in the agri‐food industry, the same has happened to the relevance of Information Systems (IS) that allow for a parallel control, monitoring and management of the organizations' activities and business processes. As the literature proves, the benefits of implementing adequate and interoperable IS are very numerous and tend to represent a significant determinant regarding the organizations' overall success. Despite this, to the best of our knowledge there currently is no IS architecture designed to serve the specificities of the agri‐food industry. With this study a novel information systems architecture for the agri‐food sector is proposed. The artefact is composed by 12 integrated main components and a set of subcomponents aimed at supporting all the monitoring, control and management activities. In order to validate the proposed architecture a case study was implemented at a mushroom production organization. This allowed us to perceive the ability of our artefact to serve as the basis for the development of IS that address all of the organization's business and environmental needs.
Why is the histomorphological diagnosis of tumours of minor salivary glands much more difficult?
Authors: Ihrler Stephan , Agaimy Abbas , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Haas Christian J , Mollenhauer Martin , Sandison Ann , Greber Lukas 
Published: May 2021

AimsThere is a widespread perception among clinicians and pathologists that the histomorphological assessment of minor salivary gland (MinSG) tumours is more difficult and hampered by more misdiagnoses than that of major salivary gland tumours. This is based on a vague, subjective clinical impression, lacking scientific proof. The aim of the present study was to identify and statistically verify potential reasons that could explain this difference.Methods and resultsWe identified 14 putative clinical, pathological and combined clinicopathological reasons that, altogether, could explain the phenomenon of the perceived greater diagnostic difficulty associated with MinSG tumours. We performed a comprehensive literature search and a statistical comparison of data from a large personal consultation series (biased for difficult cases) with cumulated data from straightforward, unselected (non‐consultation) series from the literature. By performing this comparison, we identified, with statistical significance, a comprehensive series of reasons, as well as of consequences, of the greater difficulty in diagnosing MinSG tumours.ConclusionsAmong the 14 criteria, high frequencies of initial incisional biopsies and of a low‐grade category in malignant tumours emerged as the two most important reasons for enhanced diagnostic difficulty. Very rare entities, unusual locations, shortcomings in clinicopathological communication, and pecularities of the special anatomical location of the hard palate, such as tumour necrosis, mucosal ulceration, pseudoinvasion, and the peculiar phenomenon of ‘tumoral–mucosal fusion’, contribute to further diagnostic difficulties. The awareness of these shortcomings and pitfalls enables us to provide a series of recommendations for clinicians and pathologists that might aid in assessment and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis of MinSG tumours.
Antiproliferative effects of bioaccessible fractions of honeys from Sicilian black honeybee (Apis mellifera ssp. sicula) on human colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Cilla Antonio , López‐García Gabriel , Barberá Reyes , Frazzitta Anna , Restivo Ignazio , Tesoriere Luisa , Attanzio Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of bioaccessible fractions (BFs) obtained by the internationally standardized INFOGEST static digestion method to Sicilian honeys of three distinct floral origins (Sulla, Thistle and Dill) and the Manuka honey (gold standard), and to compare their effects based on total polyphenol content (TPC). Differentiated CaCo‐2 cells (intestinal‐like) and non‐differentiated CaCo‐2 and HCT‐116 colonic tumour‐like cells were incubated for 24 h with BFs of honeys to test viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS and cell cycle. TPC after digestion ranked in the following order: Dill > Thistle > Sulla > Manuka. No decrease in cell viability in differentiated CaCo‐2 cells was observed, while a reduction to 25–85% (CaCo‐2) and 20–80% (HCT‐116) of viability was obtained. This descent in viability was caused by a cell cycle block with an increase in apoptosis through dissipation of MMP and raise in ROS levels, being Thistle and Dill the most effective honeys followed by Sulla and finally Manuka, in agreement with TPC after digestion.
Functional electrographic flow patterns in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation predict outcome of catheter ablation
Authors: Szili‐Torok Tamas , Kis Zsuzsanna , Bhagwandien Rohit , Wijchers Sip , Yap Sing‐Chien , Hoogendijk Mark , Dumas Nadege , Haeusser Philip , Geczy Tamas , Kong Melissa H. , Ruppersberg Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsElectrographic flow (EGF) mapping is a method to detect action potential sources within the atria. In a double‐blinded retrospective study we evaluated whether sources detected by EGF are related to procedural outcome.MethodsEGF maps were retrospectively generated using the Ablamap® software from unipolar data recorded with a 64‐pole basket catheter from patients who previously underwent focal impulse and rotor modulation‐guided ablation. We analyzed patient outcomes based on source activity (SAC) and variability. Freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) was defined as no recurrence of AF, atypical flutter or atrial tachycardia at the follow‐up visits.ResultsEGF maps were from 123 atria in 64 patients with persistent or long‐standing persistent AF. Procedural outcome correlation with SAC peaked at >26%. S‐type EGF signature (source‐dependent AF) is characterized by stable sources with SAC > 26% and C‐type (source‐independent AF) is characterized by sources with SAC ≤ 26%. Cases with AF recurrence at 3‐, 6‐, or 12‐month follow‐up showed a median final SAC 34%; while AF‐free patients had sources with significantly lower median final SAC 21% (p = .0006). Patients with final SAC and Variability above both thresholds had 94% recurrence, while recurrence was only 36% for patients with leading source SAC and variability below threshold (p = .0001). S‐type EGF signature post‐ablation was associated with an AF recurrence rate 88.5% versus 38.1% with C‐type EGF signature.ConclusionsEGF mapping enables the visualization of active AF sources. Sources with SAC > 26% appear relevant and their presence post‐ablation correlates with high rates of AF recurrence.
Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio‐ankle vascular index are associated with future cardiovascular events in a general population: The Nagahama Study
Authors: Yasuharu Tabara , Setoh Kazuya , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Nakayama Takeo , Matsuda Fumihiko ,   the Nagahama study group
Published: May 2021

AbstractFaster pulse wave velocity (PWV) is known to be associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to clarify the hypothesis that PWV may be associated with future CVD events even when its time‐dependent changes were adjusted. We also investigated a prognostic significance of cardio‐ankle vascular index, another index of arterial stiffness. Study participants included 8850 community residents. The repeated measures of the clinical parameters at 5.0 years after the baseline were available for 7249 of the participants. PWV was calculated using the arterial waveforms measured at the brachia and ankles (baPWV). The cardio‐ankle vascular index was calculated by estimated pulse transit time from aortic valve to tibial artery. During the 8.53 years follow‐up period, we observed 215 cases of CVD. The incidence rate increased linearly with baPWV quartiles (per 10 000 person‐years: Q1, 2.7; Q2, 12.6; Q3, 22.5; Q4, 76.2), and the highest quartile was identified as an independent determinant of incident CVD by conventional Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for known risk factors [hazard ratio (HR), 4.00; p = .007]. Per unit HR of baPWV (HR, 1.15; p < .001) remained significant in the time‐dependent Cox regression analysis including baPWV and other clinical values measured at 5‐year after the baseline as time‐varying variables (HR, 1.14; p < .001). The cardio‐ankle vascular index was also associated with CVD with similar manner though the associations were less clear than that of baPWV. baPWV is a good risk marker for the incidence of CVD.
Effectiveness of antidiabetic agents for treatment of gestational diabetes: A methodological quality assessment of meta‐analyses and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Bidhendi Yarandi Razieh , Amiri Mina , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Behboudi‐Gandevani Samira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionDespite there being several meta‐analyses on the effects of antidiabetic agents in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, the reliability of their findings is a concern, mainly due to undetermined methodological quality of these studies. This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of available meta‐analyses and provide a summary estimation of the effectiveness of treatments modalities.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched for retrieving relevant meta‐analyses published in English up to May 2020. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR‐2) was applied to evaluate methodological quality of eligible meta‐analyses. A network meta‐analysis was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio of maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin or glyburide compared with those treated with insulin. The rank network analysis was carried out for ranking of the treatments and reporting the most efficient treatment.ResultsA total of 27 and 17 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively; of these, just four studies were classified as high quality. The results showed that metformin had the highest probability of being the best treatment, compared with insulin and glyburide, for the majority of adverse neonatal outcomes, whereas glyburide was the best treatment in reducing the risk of adverse maternal outcomes. The results were not significantly changed after excluding low‐quality studies.ConclusionsThis review study of available literature shows that metformin can be a superior option in most neonatal and maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus; the results need to be further updated by including future more qualified studies.