bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Effects on Flow Injection Under Microgravity Condition
Authors: Li C. T. , Lai F. C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Numerical results for non-isothermal flow injection under microgravity condition are reported in this paper. The numerical method, which combines the finite element method with a predictor/corrector scheme, is used to determine the transient flow field. The effects of surface tension are also considered in this study. The numerical simulations have covered a wide range of the governing parameters (i.e., 1 ≤ Pe ≤ 50, 0 ≤ St ≤ 10, and Ca = 1 and ∞). From the results obtained, it shows that gravitation has an important effect on the development of the flow front and required injection pressure. Although the surface tension effects may be insignificant for isothermal flow injection at Ca &gt; 10, the effects become more important for non-isothermal flow injection at a higher Peclet number.
Using Textile Topography to Analyze X-Ray CT Data of Composite Microstructure
Authors: Parnas Richard S. , Wevers Martine , Verpoest Ignaas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The 3-dimensional yam architecture in a 2-dimensional woven fabric reinforced composite is nonuniform. Many structural features appear that are not obvious from consideration only of the yarn architecture in the single layer textile fabric. A complete set of 3-dimensional image data was acquired for a representative volume of the composite using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Extensive image analysis was, however, necessary to reveal the yarn architecture due to relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and contrast levels relative to optical microscopy of polished cross sections.
Preliminary Study of Vascular Endothelial Ca2+ Response to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Schen Aaron , Chen Baoguo , Xu Lisa X. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Local hyperthermia has been the subject of much research because of its great potential for therapeutic and clinic applications. It has been long recognized that a major factor, which affects tissue temperature elevation and heterogeneity during hyperthermia, is the augmentation of blood flow concomitant with the heating. The heat-induced change in local blood flow can be attributed to sympathetically mediated re-distribution of cardiac output and change in local flow resistance resulting from thermally stimulated regulation in diameters of arterioles. It has been found that the vascular endothelium significantly affects the dynamic response of the vessel diameter to thermal stimuli. Endothelial cells play key regulatory roles by producing several potent vasoactive agents and regulating coagulation states, i.e. endothelium derived relaxing factors (EDRFs). Most endothelial functions depend to various extents on changes in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i. A new approach to studying vascular thermo-regulation during hyperthermia has been developed in this research to quantitatively measure the dynamic response of vascular endothelial Ca2+ to temperature elevations using confocal fluorescence ratio imaging. The cell membrane permeable fluorescence dye Fura-2/AM esters were loaded into the vascular endothelial cells and ratio imaging of the fluorescent endothelial cell were taken under the excitation of 334 and 380nm wavelengths. The signal intensities were calibrated with the endothelial calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) and temperatures ranged from 37°C to 44°C. This calibration will provide a means to quantitatively measure the vascular endothelial [Ca2+]i transients in in vivo tissue when subjected to temperature elevations from 38°C to 44°C, and thus to further understand the role of endothelium in thermally induced vascular regulation under hyperthermic conditions in the near future.
Minimization of Stress at Metal-Ceramic Interfaces Using Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Bruck Hugh A. , Surendranath Harishbabu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a great deal interest in minimizing thermal and residual stresses at the interfaces of metals and ceramics. These stresses develop because of the large mismatch in thermally induced strains that exists between these two materials. The differences are significant enough to cause premature component failure in a variety of applications, including thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for turbine blades and ceramic coatings for cutting tools. One approach to minimizing these stresses involves functionally grading the material distribution at the metal-ceramic interface. A significant amount of effort has been focused on the development of functionally graded nickel-alumina composites as a model system to determine the architectural features of the material gradient that will minimize these stresses. This effort has led to the development of an experimentally verified modeling approach based on thermomechanical, elastoplastic finite element analysis that can be used to predict the stress distributions in functionally graded metal-ceramic composite materials. This approach has been coupled with a mathematical optimization technique, known as a Genetic Algorithm (GA), to determine the optimal architecture for minimizing thermal and residual stresses at metal-ceramic interfaces.
Apatite fingerprints on the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Daheishan giant porphyry Mo deposit, NE China
Authors: Qu Pan , Yang Wubin , Niu Hecai , Li Ningbo , Wu Dan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Porphyry deposits are the main source for global Cu and Mo production. The generation of hydrous silicate magmas and subsequent separation of volatile-rich magmatic fluids with hydrothermal alteration are significant processes leading to the formation of porphyry deposits. However, a specific understanding of these processes has been limited by a lack of direct mineralogical records in the evolving magmatic-hydrothermal system. In this paper, we present an integrated textural and geochemical investigation on apatite from the giant Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit in NE China, illustrating that apatite can be a potential recorder of the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of porphyry systems. Apatite from the ore-forming porphyry displays distinctive core-rim textures, with melt inclusions in the resorption cores (Type-A1) and co-existing of melt and fluid inclusions in the euhedral rims (Type-A2), indicating a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of apatite. This is also supported by both chemical and isotopic compositions obtained by in situ analyses using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and LA-multi collector-ICP-MS. The late Type-A2 apatite is relatively enriched in incompatible elements, such as rare earth elements (REE) and Th, but slightly depleted in fluid-mobile elements such as Na and S, compared to the early Type-A1 apatite. Relatively homogeneous (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.70436–0.70504) of the Type-A1 and Type-A2 apatites indicate that they were formed in a relatively closed system without detectable contamination. Meanwhile, some apatite in the wall rock (biotite granodiorite) shows characteristics of secondary altered textures, resulting from the intensive alteration by hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the porphyry system. Apatite trapped in mineral phenocrysts of the wall rock is usually unaltered (Type-B1 apatite), with clear oscillatory growth zones in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. In contrast, the intergranular apatite is commonly altered (Type-B2 apatite), with chaotic zoning in CL images, abundant micro-fractures and secondary fluid inclusions. Compositionally, the Type-B2 apatite shows notable tetrad REE patterns, relatively lower light-REE and S contents, and elevated 147Sm/144Nd ratios compared to the Type-B1 apatite. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields a lower intercept age of 171.4 ± 2.3 Ma for Type-B2, which is consistent with the age of 171.5 ± 2.4 Ma for Type-A2, but is notably younger than the Type-B1 apatite (175.5 ± 1.3 Ma). It is suggested that the Type-B2 apatite has been significantly reset by hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the porphyry system. Therefore, we conclude that the textures and geochemistry of apatite in porphyry systems can be used as a potential proxy for recording fluid exsolution and hydrothermal alteration processes.
Major reorganization of the Snake River modulated by passage of the Yellowstone Hotspot
Authors: Staisch Lydia M. , O’Connor Jim E. , Cannon Charles M. , Holm-Denoma Chris , Link Paul K. , Lasher John , Alexander Jeremy A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe details and mechanisms for Neogene river reorganization in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains have been debated for over a century with key implications for how tectonic and volcanic systems modulate topographic development. To evaluate paleo-drainage networks, we produced an expansive data set and provenance analysis of detrital zircon U-Pb ages from Miocene to Pleistocene fluvial strata along proposed proto-Snake and Columbia River pathways. Statistical comparisons of Miocene-Pliocene detrital zircon spectra do not support previously hypothesized drainage routes of the Snake River. We use detrital zircon unmixing models to test prior Snake River routes against a newly hypothesized route, in which the Snake River circumnavigated the northern Rocky Mountains and entered the Columbia Basin from the northeast prior to incision of Hells Canyon. Our proposed ancestral Snake River route best matches detrital zircon age spectra throughout the region. Furthermore, this northerly Snake River route satisfies and provides context for shifts in the sedimentology and fish faunal assemblages of the western Snake River Plain and Columbia Basin through Miocene–Pliocene time. We posit that eastward migration of the Yellowstone Hotspot and its effect on thermally induced buoyancy and topographic uplift, coupled with volcanic densification of the eastern Snake River Plain lithosphere, are the primary mechanisms for drainage reorganization and that the eastern and western Snake River Plain were isolated from one another until the early Pliocene. Following this basin integration, the substantial increase in drainage area to the western Snake River Plain likely overtopped a bedrock threshold that previously contained Lake Idaho, which led to incision of Hells Canyon and establishment of the modern Snake and Columbia River drainage network.
Improving mesothelioma follow-up care in the UK: a qualitative study to build a multidisciplinary pyramid of care approach
Authors: Davey Zoe , Henshall Catherine 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe findings reported in this manuscript are part of a wider study that aimed to explore mesothelioma patients’ experiences of follow-up care. The aim of this phase of the study was to co-produce recommendations for policy and practice and to propose a revised, patient-focused, mesothelioma follow-up care service.DesignThe consultation phase was qualitative and consisted of three group discussions with separate stakeholder groups allowing for different priorities and needs for follow-up care to be compared. An implicit approach to consensus was adopted and data were analysed iteratively using the framework method.SettingThe study was conducted in three National Health Service Trusts in the South of England. Two were secondary care settings and the third was a tertiary centre.ParticipantsThe consultation exercise comprised three group discussions with key stakeholders (n=35): mesothelioma specialist nurses (n=9), mesothelioma patients and carers (n=11) and local clinical commissioning group members (n=15).ResultsRecommendations for mesothelioma follow-up care were developed using a co-production approach and highlighted the importance of continuity of care, the provision of timely information and the central role played by mesothelioma specialist nurses, supported by the wider multidisciplinary team. Recommendations were produced together with two bespoke infographics to maximise impact and facilitate patient and public engagement with the study.ConclusionsThe recommendations developed are the first that specifically examine best practice for the follow-up care pathway for mesothelioma patients. Co-production and public engagement are crucial to priority setting develop and optimising patient-centred care. Combining the recommendations produced with a targeted dissemination strategy and well-designed, patient-focused infographics will maximise opportunities for impact at a regional and national level.
Use of environmental scans in health services delivery research: a scoping review
Authors: Charlton Patricia , Kean Terri , Liu Rebecca H , Nagel Daniel A , Azar Rima , Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison , Montelpare William , Mears Kim , Boulos Leah 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the extent and nature of evidence on the use of the environmental scan (ES) in the health services delivery literature.DesignScoping review.MethodsThis scoping review followed the five-stage scoping review methodology outlined by Khalilet al. A Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies was completed. Seven electronic databases and the grey literature were searched. Pairs of researchers independently performed two levels of screening and data extraction. Data were analysed using qualitative content and thematic analysis.ResultsNinety-six studies were included in the scoping review. Researchers conducted ESs for many purposes, the most common being to examine the current state of programmes, services or policies. Recommendations were informed by ESs in 20% of studies. Most common data collection methods were literature review (71%), key informant or semistructured interviews (46%) and surveys (35%). Over half (53%) of the studies used a combination of passive (looking at information eg, literature, policies, guidelines) and active (looking for information eg, surveys, interviews) approaches to data collection. Person sources of data (eg, healthcare stakeholders, community representatives) and non-person sources of data (eg, documents, electronic databases, the web) were drawn on to a similar extent. The thematic analysis of the definitions/descriptions yielded several themes including instrument of discovery, knowledge synthesis, forward-looking and decision making. Research gaps identified included absence of a standard definition, inconsistencies in terminology and lack of guiding frameworks in the health services delivery context.ConclusionESs were conducted to gather evidence and to help inform decision making on a range of policy and health services delivery issues across the continuum of care. Consistency in terminology, a consensus definition and more guidance on ES design may help provide structure for researchers and other stakeholders, and ultimately advance ES as a methodological approach. A working definition of ES in a health services delivery context is presented.
Effects of age and gender on the relationship between alcohol use disorder and somatic diseases: a national register study in Norway
Authors: Abebe Dawit Shawel , Lien Lars , Bramness Jørgen Gustav 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine how age and gender moderate the associations between alcohol use disorders (AUD) and several somatic diseases.Design and settingWe performed a retrospective, register-based cohort study with 6-year follow-up of patients with AUD and the general population. Data were acquired from the Norwegian Patient Registry. Cox regressions were used to estimate HRs of somatic diseases.ParticipantsPatients with AUD (17 023; 0.4%) were compared with the population without AUD (4 271 559; 99.6%), with adults aged 18 years or older who were registered residents of Norway on 1 January 2008.Main outcomesDichotomous variables of 12 specific somatic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases) were assessed. Diagnoses were set in specialist healthcare services.ResultsPatients with AUD, compared with a population without AUD, experienced a significantly greater burden of all studied somatic diseases. Middle-aged adults with AUD had increased risks (p<0.05) for hypertension; ischaemic diseases; pulmonary diseases; cerebrovascular diseases; malnutrition; metabolic disorders; cancer; and influenza and pneumonia than younger and older adults with AUD. For most somatic diseases, we found no differences between younger versus older adults with AUD, and between females versus males with AUD (p>0.05). Males with AUD had significantly higher risks for pulmonary heart diseases (HR=3.9, 95% CI 3.3 to 4.6) and metabolic disorders (HR 4.7, 95% CI 4.5 to 5.0), while females with AUD had a significantly higher risk for viral hepatitis (HR=4.4, 95% CI 3.8 to 5.1).ConclusionsAge moderated the associations between AUD and most somatic diseases, with middle-aged adults with AUD having a greater increased risk of somatic diseases compared with younger and older adults with AUD. Gender only moderated associations between AUD and pulmonary heart diseases, metabolic disorders and viral hepatitis. This has implications for the prioritisation of somatic resources among patients with AUD.
Is sarcopenia associated with anxiety symptoms and disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: West Emma C , Williams Lana J , Corney Kayla B , Pasco Julie A 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionSarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder characterised by a progressive decline in muscle mass and function (strength and performance). Sarcopenia is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and has recently been linked to neurological and psychiatric disorders, including dementia and depression. Whether sarcopenia is related to other common psychiatric illnesses, such as anxiety, is unclear. We aim to systematically identify and review the extant literature regarding the association between sarcopenia and anxiety symptomatology and/or disorders (anxiety) in adults.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search across four online databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE Complete and PsycINFO) from inception to September 2021. Two reviewers will independently confirm study selection and assess methodological quality of included studies. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed to determine pooled OR for the relationship between sarcopenia and anxiety. If meta-analysis is not possible due to methodological heterogeneity a ‘best evidence synthesis’ will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThis review will use published data only, thus, ethical approval will not be required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209420.
Polarization control in spin-transparent hadron colliders by weak-field navigators involving lattice enhancement effect
Authors: Filatov Yu. N. , Kondratenko A. M. , Kondratenko M. A. , Derbenev Ya. S. , Morozov V. S. , Butenko A. V. , Syresin E. M. , Tsyplakov E. D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHadron polarization control schemes for Spin Transparent (ST) synchrotrons are analyzed. The spin dynamics and beam polarization in such synchrotrons are controlled by spin navigators (SN) which are special small insertions of weak magnetic fields. An SN stabilizes the beam polarization and allows for setting any desirable spin orientation at an interaction point in the operational regime, including a frequent spin flip. We present a general approach to design of SNs. We distinguish different types of SNs, namely, those not causing closed orbit perturbation as well as those producing local and global orbit distortions. In the second case, the concept of the spin response function in an ST synchrotron is applied and expanded to reveal the effect of the SN strength enhancement by magnetic lattice of the synchrotron. We provide conceptual schemes for SN designs using longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields allowing for polarization control at low as well as high energies. We also develop the ST concept for ultra-high energies. This development may enable and stimulate interest in polarized beam experiments in possible polarized collider projects such as Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Future Circular Collider (FCC) and Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC).
Analytical study of light ray trajectories in Kerr spacetime in the presence of an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma
Authors: Fathi Mohsen , Olivares Marco , Villanueva J. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe calculate the exact solutions to the equations of motion that govern the light ray trajectories as they travel in a Kerr black hole’s exterior that is considered to be filled with an inhomogeneous and anisotropic plasmic medium. This is approached by characterizing the plasma through conceiving a radial and an angular structure function, which are let to be constant. The description of the motion is carried out by using the Hamilton–Jacobi method, that allows defining two effective potentials, characterizing the evolution of the polar coordinates. The elliptic integrals of motion are then solved analytically, and the evolution of coordinates is expressed in terms of the Mino time. This way, the three-dimensional demonstrations of the light ray trajectories are given respectively.
The lattice and semigroup structure of multipermutations
Authors: Carvalho Catarina , Martin Barnaby 
Published: November 2021

We study the algebraic properties of binary relations whose underlying digraph is smooth, that is, has no source or sink. Such objects have been studied as surjective hyper-operations (shops) on the corresponding vertex set, and as binary relations that are defined everywhere and whose inverse is also defined everywhere. In the latter formulation, they have been called multipermutations. We study the lattice structure of sets (monoids) of multipermutations over an [Formula: see text]-element domain. Through a Galois connection, these monoids form the algebraic counterparts to sets of relations closed under definability in positive first-order logic without equality. We show one side of this Galois connection, and give a simple dichotomy theorem for the evaluation problem of positive first-order logic without equality on the class of structures whose preserving multipermutations form a monoid closed under inverse. These problems turn out either to be in [Formula: see text] or to be [Formula: see text]-complete. We go on to study the monoid of all multipermutations on an [Formula: see text]-element domain, under usual composition of relations. We characterize its Green relations, regular elements and show that it does not admit a generating set that is polynomial on [Formula: see text].