bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigación en diseño: prácticas y formas
Authors: Guerra Luís 
Published: October 2021

Este número de Inmaterial introduce una serie de cambios, construidos sobre el increíble trabajo acumulado durante los últimos años. En este sentido, queremos agradecer a la anterior dirección de la revista, especialmente a la profesora y antropóloga Dra. Mara Martínez Morant y Dr. Ramón Rispoli. También debemos agradecer al equipo que ha estado detrás de este proyecto desde sus inicios. Sin su apoyo y constante implicación, no estaríamos hoy aquí.
Inauguramos así una nueva etapa en la trayectoria de Inmaterial, y este número trata de dar cuenta de este cambio, como ya sugería claramente la convocatoria de contribuciones. Hemos basado esta primera convocatoria en una afirmación muy abierta del filósofo estadounidense Alva Nöe: “Somos diseñadores por naturaleza”. Se trata de una afirmación muy sencilla, pero atrevida, en tiempos tan complejos como los nuestros, caracterizados por una conceptualización confusa en diferentes campos al mismo tiempo.
Nuestro nuevo número de Inmaterial, diseño, arte y sociedad, propone un territorio abierto a las formas y prácticas contemporáneas realizadas en el contexto de las instituciones académicas, dando espacio para abordar los aspectos metodológicos, normales y técnicos que implica la investigación en diseño y arte. Entendemos este formato formal y pragmático como una línea de fuga.
Vemos este número como un escenario abierto, que incluye una multiplicidad de territorios de exploración basados en prácticas, en experiencias, en vivencias. Este número reúne una serie de artículos que exploran diferentes aspectos del pensamiento y la práctica del diseño en el presente. Esta es nuestra tentativa. Estas contribuciones nos invitan a una lectura lenta, una lectura que debe llevarnos “más allá del cálculo al pensamiento” (Boulous, 2017: 16). Esperamos que nuestras intenciones se sustenten en esta nueva línea de pensamiento, y les invitamos a “esperar a que se asiente el polvo de la lectura” (Woolf: 1925, 266).
Topic: A Linguistic Study of the English Allomorphs il, ir, im, in and their Albanian equivalence
Authors: Xhina Olsa 
Published: October 2021

Although the Albanian and English languages both belong to the Indo-European family of languages, they are obviously different in terms of their morphological structure, word-formation system, especially in the type of prefixation, which is the focus of our study. Allomorphs, which can be found in both languages, are widely known as specific types of morphemes which are either morphologically or phonologically conditioned. Thus, the English prefix in- has allomorphs such as im-, ir-, il depending on the first sound of the base to which the prefix is added. If the first sound is p, b, m, the realization is im as in words like improper, imperfect, imbalance etc., but ir- with the sound /r/ as in irregular, and il- with the sound /l/ as in illegible. This paper aims at comparing the paradigmatic group of formations with prefixes il, ir, im, in in both English and Albanian. The study analyses the linguistic, morphological and semantic features they share and those that make them different by comparing and illustrating. The study is based on a practical lexical glossary.

Aunque las lenguas albanesa e inglesa pertenecen a la familia de lenguas indoeuropeas, son obviamente diferentes en cuanto a su estructura morfológica, sistema de formación de palabras, especialmente en el tipo de prefijación, que es el foco de nuestro estudio. Los alomorfos, que se encuentran en ambas lenguas, son ampliamente conocidos como tipos específicos de morfemas que están condicionados morfológica o fonológicamente. Así, el prefijo inglés in- tiene alomorfos como im-, ir-, il dependiendo del primer sonido de la base a la que se añade el prefijo. Si el primer sonido es p, b, m, la realización es im como en palabras como impropio, imperfecto, desequilibrio, etc., pero ir- con el sonido /r/ como en irregular, e il- con el sonido /l/ como en ilegible. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el grupo paradigmático de formaciones con prefijos il, ir, im, tanto en inglés como en albanés. El estudio analiza los rasgos lingüísticos, morfológicos y semánticos que comparten y los que los diferencian comparándolos e ilustrándolos. El estudio se basa en un glosario léxico práctico.
Effects of choral singing on salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress in university students
Authors: Taets Gunnar Glauco De Cunto Carelli , Gutierrez Ramon Werner Heringer , Bergold Leila Brito , Monteiro Luana Silva 
Published: October 2021

Although mental disorders are common among university students, the majority of students with mental health issues do not seek out treatment during their academic life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel group approach- choir singing, and its potential impact on stress, via salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress levels in university students during 4 sessions of choir singing. It was based on a quasi-experimental research conducted with 25 Brazilian university students. Each choir singing session lasted 60 minutes. A question was asked before and after the intervention: what is the level of your stress? Salivary cortisol was collected before and after the intervention. After the choir singing intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in self-reported stress (p<0.0001) and salivary cortisol levels (p<0.0001). This research suggests that choir singing can reduce the self-reported stress of university students after 4 weeks of follow-up with ∆= 45.83% and salivary cortisol levels in the first week with ∆= 3.57%.
CORRELATES ASSOCIATED WITH ADHERENCE AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS ON HIV PRE- EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Litiema Edith , Orago Alloys , Muia Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The main aim of the study was to assess correlates associated adherence among Female Sex Workers on PrEP in the study. This was done through determining level of knowledge on PrEP, level of adherence, correlates affecting adherence and analysis of strategies to enhancing PrEP adherence.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytical study with mixed method using both qualitative and quantitative data collection method was carried out between March and May 2021. Three hundred and forty-five Female Sex Workers (FSWs) were enrolled in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire from study participants after having their consent. Three focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted for those FSWs who will not be involved in the quantitative arm of study. Key Informant Interview was conducted with service providers using Key informant interview (KII) guide. Data collected was entered into Excel spread sheet in password protect computer. Data analysis was carried out in, Univariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for analysis. Data was presented using graphs and Tables.
Results: The study found that 72% did not know the name of PrEP, 39% reported to have missed PrEP with 33% having missed appointment for PrEP refill. Qualitative data showed that PrEP engagement meetings should be conducted monthly to enhance PrEP adherence. The respondents who had reminders on when to take medication was as well associated with adherence (p=0.014) compared with those not using reminders. The study also found out that employment status was associated with adherence to PrEP medication (P=0.050) with FSW who were salaried being 2.5 times more likely to adhere to PrEP medication compared to those who were not salaried.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The Ministry of Health should ensure that targeted PrEP counselling is done during the initiation for the eligible clients. The information and telecommunication department to work on SMS reminder system in order to remind FSWs using PrEP about appointment dates for the pill pick up thus enhance adherence to FSWs using PrEP. The procurement department should work together with pharmacy department to ensure that there is enough stock for PrEP at every clinic. This will help to ensure that adherence is achieved for the FSWs on PrEP.
COMPRAS PÚBLICAS COMO INSTRUMENTO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL
Authors: Rossoni Roger Alexandre 
Published: October 2021

Segundo estimativa do Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão, as compras públicas movimentam valores de aproximadamente 15% do PIB. O presente estudo pretende verificar empiricamente o impacto das compras públicas como instrumento de desenvolvimento socioeconômico nos municípios do Paraná. Por meio da utilização da regressão linear múltipla aplicada a dados referente às compras públicas dos municípios paranaenses em 2013, variáveis socioeconômicas e ao Índice IPARDES de Desempenho Municipal (IPDM), foi verificado o efeito das compras públicas no processo de desenvolvimento no Estado do Paraná. O modelo estimado demonstra que as compras públicas, quando realizadas em fornecedores locais, implicaram em um maior IPDM nos municípios paranaenses. Apesar do modelo demonstrar uma relação positiva entre a realização de compras públicas em fornecedores locais e o IPDM, verifica-se que o impacto das compras públicas no IPDM é de pequena proporção. Desta forma, a utilização das compras públicas como fator estratégico para desenvolvimento socioeconômico apresenta suas limitações. A utilização das compras públicas como indutor do desenvolvimento local necessita de um maior debate e da adequação da legislação vigente referente ao processo de licitação
Comparing the kinematics of back squats performed with different heel elevations
Authors: Monteiro Pedro Henrique Martins , Marcori Alexandre Jehan , Nascimento Vitor Bertoli , Guimarães Anderson Nascimento , Okazaki Victor Hugo Alves 
Published: October 2021

PurposeBack squat (BS) is a popular exercise owing to its capacity to develop lower limb strength. During BS, trunk inclination and knee range of motion (RoM) are relevant aspects of a proper technique, and these movement kinematics parameters can be positively altered with official weightlifting shoes lifting the heel 13 mm above the ground. Wedges are a low-cost alternative to lifting the heel to different heights, but movement kinematics adaptations with higher elevations, above 25 mm, are not well described in the literature. Thus, we compared the effect of different heights of heel wedges on BS kinematics.MethodsFifteen experienced recreational weightlifters (22 ± 5.4 years; 83 ± 11 kg; 179 ± 6 cm; 5 ± 2.1 years of BS experience) were conveniently selected. Three randomized conditions were applied: barefoot (B), 25-mm (W25), and 50-mm wedges (W50). BS movement was assessed by kinematic analysis with an optoelectronic camera system.ResultsAfter ANOVA, the post-hoc indicated significant RoM differences in reducing trunk (F = 27.27; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and increasing knee (F = 16.87; <i>p</i> < 0.01) flexions between conditions. Post-hoc analysis verified decreasing trunk inclination (B > W25 > W50; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and increasing knee (B < W25 < W50; <i>p</i> < 0.05) RoM with increasing wedge height.ConclusionsHigher wedges allowed positive adaptations by promoting a more upright trunk position and greater BS depth. Using a heel wedge can be a low-cost and viable strategy to optimize BS technique in a variety of training settings and contexts.
The relative age effect in Brazilian elite soccer depending on age category, playing position, and competitive level
Authors: Figueiredo Lucas S. , Gomes Lucas M.S. , Silva Drumond G. Da , Gantois Petrus , Fialho João V.A.P. , Fortes Leonardo S. , Fonseca Fabiano S. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study investigated the occurrence of relative age effect (RAE) in Brazilian elite soccer athletes depending on age categories, playing position, and competitive level.MethodsData from 2660 male elite soccer athletes who participated in the 2019 Brazilian soccer championships were analysed. To determine RAE, the players were divided by their quarter of birth: Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September), and Q4 (October-December). Data were obtained from the Brazilian Soccer Confederation (CBF) official website, and from each club’s website when no information was available at the CBF website. Were included the athletes who participated in the 2019 Brazilian soccer championships in series A and B. Data were organized in accordance with age categories (under-20 or senior), playing position (forwards, midfielders, defenders, and goalkeepers), and competitive level (Series A or B).ResultsAn overrepresentation of soccer players born in the first quarter of the year was found when compared with the other quarters, whereas players born in the last quarter of the year were underrepresented, regardless of the age category and competitive level. Regarding playing position, an overrepresentation of soccer players born in the first quarter of the year was found for all playing positions in both age categories, except for the goalkeepers in the senior category.ConclusionsOur results showed a prevalence of RAE in U-20 and senior age categories in elite Brazilian soccer athletes, in both competitive levels, and for all playing positions, except for goalkeepers in the senior category.
Anticancer activity of secondary metabolites from Bauhinia tomentosa Linn. leaf – An in silico approach
Authors: Balabhaskar R. , Vijayalakshmi K. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Plants and plant derived products are used for human healthcare since the dawn of human civilization. About 80% of modern drugs are from natural origin. Many dreadful diseases like cancer are treated using drugs of natural origin. In the present study, a medicinal plant B. tomentosa Linn. leaves were investigated for its anticancer activity using A549 (Human Adenocarcinomic Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells) cell lines. The active components were identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometry) analysis. The aim of the present study was to identify potential lead compounds against various protein targets that are involved in lung carcinogenesis using molecular docking approach.

Materials and Methods: 3D structures of compounds reported from GCMS analysis of B. tomentosa were built using Chemsketch software. All the compounds analyzed exhibited antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and chemo preventive properties. Docking studies were performed using Molegro virtual docker (MVD).

Results: The docking studies revealed that the ligands either activate or inhibit the selected target proteins appropriately. This shows that the phytochemicals of B. tomentosa leaf was found to have appreciable anticancer activity.

Conclusion: The presence of various bioactive phytoconstituents justifies the use of the leaf for various ailments by traditional practitioners.
Use of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a screening tool for vestibulopathy inType2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sumathi K. , Dilliraj Gayathri , Chaganti Sridevi , Lalitha Shenbaga 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim:Diabetes mellitus, especially type II DM is one among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the global scale. One of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus is vestibulopathy affecting the inner ear. Malondialdehyde (MDA) obtained from lipid peroxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is an important compound that generally serves as one of the key markers for oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to prove the significance of MDA in Vestibulopathy in Type-2 i.e.,non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients of age group between 35 years and 50 years were tested for vestibular function by electronystagmography(Commonly used test to determine and evaluate vestibular system). Based on the biothermal caloric stimulation the Clausen butterfly chart was generated and thus the code is ascertained. Serum levels of Malon-di-aldehyde were assayed by TBARS method (Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances).

Results: The study proved, that there was a 4 times increased risk of developing vestibulopathy with increasing duration of diabetes. It also proved that there was an increased risk of developing vestibulopathy in diabetic patients, having MDA > 2?mol/L.

Conclusion: Thereby the study confirmed the clinical significance of periodic screening of MDA levels, in diabetic patients, particularly those with uncontrolled/poor glycemic control & with longer duration of diabetes. Estimation of their serum MDAlevels and vestibular function by the electronystagmography test, is advised in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetic vestibulopathy at the earliest and also to prevent the worsening of any such, other complications associated with the disease.
Screening of antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing activity and cytotoxicity of origanumoil against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Devendra Singh DevendraX , Agarwal Vishnu 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Essential oils have been used from ancient times to treat different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial-related infections. The study aims to screen the antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing activity of origanum oil against the common infection causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Material andMethods: The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and antibacterial activity of origanum oil against the eight bacterial species, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, was assessed by broth-dilution method and well diffusion method. The anti-quorum sensing activity was analyzed using bioreporter strain CV026 at sub-MIC concentrations, while the cytotoxicity of the origanum oil was analyzed using the SW480 cell line.

Results: The oil's antibacterial activity was analyzed by measuring the clear inhibitory zone diameter, and maximum inhibitory zone of 36.66 mm zone against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and 33.33 mm against Salmonella enterica (Gram-negative) of origanum oil was measured. And the minimum inhibitory zone of 16.66 mm zone of Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and 19.66 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative) of oil was noted. And the lowest MIC (0.1 mg/ml) of oilwas found against Streptococcus pneumonia. The oil significantly inhibited the violacein pigment production (30.29 %) at 0.02 mg/ml concentration (this oil concentration did not significantly affect the growth curve). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay shows that the oil inhibited the SW480 cells growth with increasing concentration.

Conclusion: The origanum oil possesses antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing activity and can be used as an alternative for treating tested bacterial infection.
Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation to reduce anti-nutritional contents in peanut, mustard and sesame
Authors: B. K Sandya , G. A Gowthami , M. A Harish Nayaka , Gunashree B. S 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim: Oilseeds are an important source of nutrition in developing countries, which are either consumed directly or as snacks. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors limits their use. This study evaluated the potential application of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum in reducing the anti-nutritional content in peanut, mustard and sesame.

Materials and Methods: Peanuts, sesame and mustard seeds were coarsely ground, defatted by Soxhlet extraction method using hexane and fermented by submerged fermentation method using Lactobacillus plantarum. After fermentation for 72hrs, the contents were centrifuged and the pellets in addition to defatted raw sample were analyzed for anti-nutrients like polyphenols, oxalates, trypsin inhibitors and lectins using standard protocols.

Results: Polyphenol content was reduced by 26.40, 46.70 and 41.50%, while oxalate content exhibited 61.50, 32.70 and 37.70% reduction in peanut, mustard and sesame respectively. Trypsin inhibitor activity was reduced by 80.00, 12.13 and 77.78%, while lectin exhibited 87.50, 62.50 and 64.87% reduction in peanut, mustard and sesame respectively.

Conclusion: Peanut showed maximum reduction in oxalates, trypsin inhibitors and lectins followed by sesame and mustard. However, highest polyphenol reduction was exhibited in sesame. Hence, from the present investigation, it is found that fermentation may be a promising tool in reducing anti-nutritional factors from oil seeds.
Effect of multidirectional and unidirectional wobble board lateral step-upexercise in pain, symptom and ADLamong unilateral medial compartmental osteoarthrosis of knee
Authors: Kotteeswaran K , Shanmugasundaram Natarajan , Shalini S. , Sowmya M.V. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction and Aim:Osteoarthrosis is defined as degenerative condition of the synovial joints. Weak thigh muscle will cause impaired walking and balance and leads to risk of fall during activities of daily living. Use of MD and UD wobble board is hypothesized to improve balance and proprioception. So, pain, muscle power and proprioception are clinically important for balance control. Hence there is a need to study weight bearing exercise to hip abductor in various balance strategies to achieve muscle strength, joint position sense, balance, and activity of daily living.

Methodology: Knee osteoarthrosis subjects(n=219) were selected according to selection criteria andwere randomly allocated into 3 groups as multidirectional wobble board lateral step-up exercise group, unidirectional wobble board lateral step-up exercise group and control group. The pre-test KOOS pain, symptoms and ADL measurements were taken before the intervention and another measurement during the 2nd week of intervention and at the end of the intervention period during 4thweek post-test measurements were measured and statistically analysed.

Results: At the end of 4th week control, UD and MD was found to be statistically significant with H=200.192 with p<0.001. KOOS symptoms between 3 groups was found to be statistically significant with H=200.288 and p <0.001. KOOS ADL values was found to be statistically significant between 3 groups with H=193.640 and p<0.001.

Conclusion: This study concludes that both unidirectional and multidirectional wobble board lateral step-up exercise showed improvement with KOOS pain, symptom and ADL scores compared to control group.