bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare beliefs, health information seeking, and healthcare setting preferences among women who inject drugs by community supervision status
Authors: Hoadley Ariel , Bass Sarah Bauerle , Brujaha Jesse , D’Avanzo Paul A. , Kelly Patrick J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Women on community supervision who inject drugs have significant unmet healthcare needs. However, it remains unclear how the intersection of community supervision and injection drug use influences healthcare experiences and service setting preferences. The present study examines whether the intersection of community supervision and injection drug use is associated with differences in women’s healthcare beliefs, healthcare experiences, and service setting preferences.

Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted on a previously collected sample of women who inject drugs recruited from a syringe exchange and social service organization for a cross-sectional survey. Participants (N = 64) were mostly White (75%), and more than a quarter were currently on probation or parole (26%).

Results
Independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests revealed no significant differences on sociodemographic variables by community supervision status. There were no significant differences by community supervision status across seven indicators of healthcare confidence (ps > .05). However, results revealed significant differences in past experiences and beliefs about healthcare, health information seeking, and healthcare setting preferences by community supervision status (ps < .05), where women on community supervision less frequently sought health information and medical care outside of emergency departments.

Conclusions
Findings provide preliminary evidence about differences in the healthcare experiences and setting preferences of women who inject drugs on community supervision.
Local and remote SST variability contribute to the westward shift of the Pacific Walker circulation during 1979–2015
Authors: Li Xichen , Wang Xinyue , Lian Tao , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Zhu Jiang , Chang Chueh-Hsin , Liu Hailong , Wang Wenzhu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the modern satellite era since 1979, the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) experienced an intensification and a westward shift, which has broad impacts on the global climate variability. While the strengthening of the PWC has been shown to be driven by both the regional Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and the remote forcing from other basins, its westward shift is primarily attributed to the phase change of the Atlantic Multidecadal variability. In this study, we investigate the potential effect of the remote SST forcing from the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans on the westward shift of the PWC, through statistical analysis and numerical experiments using atmospheric and coupled models. Results show that the tropical Atlantic warming plays a key (decisive) role in driving the PWC westward shift by triggering a Gill–Matsuno-type circulation anomaly in the tropics. This circulation response drives anomalous surface westerlies over the eastern Pacific and subsidence over the central Pacific that weakens the eastern part of the PWC, meanwhile generating easterly wind anomalies over the central-western Pacific and anomalous atmospheric convection over the western Pacific that intensifies the western part of the PWC. This direct forcing contributes ~ 32% of the observed PWC movement, while the Atlantic-induced inter-basin SST changes contribute another ~ 36% of its westward shift according to coupled model simulation results. Our results reinforce the importance of the inter-basin interactions in adjusting the tropical climate variabilities, and have broad implication for projecting the global climate.
A local lithospheric structure model for Vietnam derived from a high-resolution gravimetric geoid
Authors: Vu Dinh Toan , Bonvalot Sylvain , Bruinsma Sean , Bui Luyen K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh-resolution Moho and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary depth models for Vietnam and its surrounding areas are determined based on a recently released geoid model constructed from surface and satellite gravity data (GEOID_LSC_C model) and on 3ʹʹ resolution topography data (mixed SRTM model). A linear density gradient for the crust and a temperature-dependent density for the lithospheric mantle were used to determine the lithospheric structure under the assumption of local isostasy. In a first step, the impact of correcting elevation data from sedimentary basins to estimate Moho depth has been evaluated using CRUST1.0 model. Results obtained from a test area where seismic data are available, which demonstrated that the sedimentary effect should be considered before the inversion process. The geoid height and elevation-corrected sedimentary layer were filtered to remove signals originating below the lithosphere. The resulting Moho and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary depth models computed at 1ʹ resolution were evaluated against seismic data as well as global and local lithospheric models available in the study region. These comparisons indicate a consistency of our Moho depth estimation with the seismic data within 1.5 km in standard deviation for the whole Vietnam. This new Moho depth model for the study region represents a significant improvement over the global models CRUST1.0 and GEMMA, which have standard deviations of 3.2 and 3.3 km, respectively, when compared to the seismic data. Even if a detailed geological interpretation of the results is out of scope of this paper, a joint analysis of the obtained models with the high-resolution Bouguer gravity anomaly is finally discussed in terms of the main geological patterns of the study region. The high resolution of our Moho and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary depth models contribute to better constrain the lithospheric structure as well as tectonic and geodynamic processes of this region. The differences in Moho depth visible in the northeast and southwest sides of the Red River Fault Zone confirmed that the Red River Fault Zone may be considered the boundary between two continental blocks: South China and Indochina blocks. However, no remarkable differences in lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary depth were obtained from our results. This suggests that the Red River Fault Zone developed within the crust and remained a crustal fault.
Fully-automated synthesis of 177Lu labelled FAPI derivatives on the module modular lab-Eazy
Authors: Eryilmaz Kurtulus , Kilbas Benan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To the best of our knowledge, manually production of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI radiopharmaceutical derivatives has been only described in literature. In this work, a fully-automated [177Lu]Lu-FAPI synthesis has been well designed for the first time using commercially available synthesis module. In addition to the development of an automated system with disposable cassette, quality control (QC) and stability studies were comprehensively presented.

Results
A fully automated synthesis of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI derivatives was achieved on the Modular Lab Eazy (ML Eazy) with high radiochemical yield ([177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04; 88% ± 3, [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46; 86% ± 3). Chromatographic analysis indicated the formation of radiosynthesis with an absolute radiochemical purity (99%). Stability experiments clarified the durability of the products within 4 days. All obtained specifications are consistent to European Pharmacopoeia.

Conclusion
A fully automated synthesis of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI radiopharmaceuticals was accomplished regarding quality control standards and quality assurance by using commercially available a modular approach namely ML Eazy with disposable customized cassette and template.

Graphical abstract
Effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Yucel Cenk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a widely distributed plant-feeding pest that causes significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Newly developed or improved environmentally friendly biocontrol agents serve as an alternative to traditional pest control tools. Experiment of the effects of 2 local fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) was carried out against T. urticae under laboratory conditions.

Results
Both tested isolates had lethal effect in a short time after application, and this effect increased as time progressed. BGF14 and BCA32 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates ranging from 25.88 to 61.92 and 32.36 to 62.03% when applied at the concentrations between 1×105 and 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively. According to the Probit analysis performed on the effect of fungi on T. urticae adults, the LC50 values of BGF14 and BCA32 isolates on the 7th day after inoculation were 2.6×106 and 6.3×104 conidia/ml, respectively, and the LT50 values for both fungi applied at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml were 2.14 and 2.23 days, respectively.

Conclusions
The 2 isolates of B. bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) had the potentials to suppress T. urticae population and can be recommended as promising biocontrol agent candidates for control of T. urticae.
Role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with different semi-quantitative parameters along with histopathological scoring in differentiating biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis
Authors: Mohamadien Nsreen R. A. , Makboul Rania , Galal Shereen M. , Mostafa Nadia M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Biliary atresia (BA) and neonatal hepatitis (NH) are the two major causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC). However, both conditions had entirely different therapeutic schedule and prognosis. Considering BA as a surgical emergency, it is pretty important to accurately differentiate the two entities. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) using a semi-quantitative technique as well as 15-point histopathological scoring system in differentiating BA from NH.

Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of HBS in the diagnosis of BA was 90.5%, 80%, and 83.6%, respectively. The median values of kidney-liver ratio (KLR), intestinal-liver ratio (ILR), and background-liver ratio (BLR) were significantly higher in patients with BA, while that of the liver-kidney ratio (LKR) was significantly lower in cases with BA. Moreover, KLR had the largest area under curve (AUC); advocates it to be the best of the semi-quantitative parameters that can predicts BA. Histopathological scoring using a cutoff point ≥ 7 was helpful in discriminating BA from NH with 85.7% sensitivity, 95% specificity and 91.8% accuracy.

Conclusions
HBS is a non-invasive diagnostic tool frequently used in diagnosis of BA, yet it has a relatively low specificity. To overcome this challenge, we kindly recommend the use of semi-quantitative parameters that could possibly improve the accuracy of HBS for diagnosing BA. Additionally, the use of 15-point scoring for liver biopsy was useful.
Studies on the Development of the Foregut in the Chick Blastoderm: 1. The Presumptive Foregut Area
Authors: Bellairs Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A brief morphological account is given of the changes which take place in the endoderm during the first stages of foregut formation. The period of development concerned is from the stage of the primitive streak to that of the embryo with about ten pairs of somites. Experiments are described in which the endoderm of chick blastoderms grown in vitro was marked with carbon particles. By this means the presumptive foregut area was found to lie around the anterior end of the primitive streak in the long streak stage, and around the head process and anterior end of the primitive streak at a slightly later stage of development.
Studies on the Mechanism of Meristic Segmentation: I. The Dimensions of Somites
Authors: Waddington C. H. , Deuchar Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The dorso-ventral thickness of the mesoderm sheet in Urodele embryos was altered by adding or removing material on the ventral side at the beginning of gastrulation. Similar alterations were made at a later stage of development by direct removal or addition of archenteron roof in late gastrulae. Whenever these operations were successful in changing the height of the somites, there was evidence that their anterior-posterior length was altered in the same sense. In spite of considerable variability in the material, the correlation of somite height and length is significant when a large number of observations are considered together. The bearing of this relation between height and length on the biophysical theories of metameric segmentation is briefly discussed.
Use of repetitive DNA sequences to distinguishMus musculusandMus carolicells byin situhybridization
Authors: Siracusa L. D. , Chapman V. M. , Bennett K. L. , Hastie N. D. , Pietras D. F. , Rossant J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMammalian chimaeras have proved useful for investigating early steps in embryonic development. However, a complete clonal analysis of cell lineages has been limited by the lack of a marker which is ubiquitous and can distinguish parental cell types in situ. We have developed a cell marker system which fulfils these criteria. Chimaeric mice were successfully produced from two mouse species which possess sufficient genetic differences to allow unequivocal identification of parental cell types. DNA-DNA in situ hybridization with cloned, species-specific sequences was performed to distinguish the parental cell types. We have identified a cloned, Mus musculus satellite DNA sequence which shows hybridization differences between Mus musculus and Mus caroli DNA. This clone was used as a probe in in situ hybridizations to bone marrow chromosomes from Mus musculus, Mus caroli, and an interspecific F1 hybrid. The clone could qualitatively distinguish Mus musculus from Mus caroli chromosomes after in situ hybridization, even when they were derived from the same F1 hybrid cell. Quantitation of this hybridization to interphase nuclei from bone marrow spreads indicates that the probe can successfully distinguish Mus musculus from Mus caroli cells and can determine the percentage contribution of Mus musculus in mixtures of bone marrow cells of these species and in chimaeric bone marrow cell preparations.
Somatic and germline mosaicism in interspecific chimaeras betweenMus musculusandMus caroli
Authors: Rossant J. , Chapman V. M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTDetailed analysis of mosaicism in interspecific chimaeras between Mus musculus and Mus caroli revealed that cells of the two species could coexist and interact normally in all tissues studied. No selection occurred against M. caroli cells during gestation of chimaeras in the M. musculus uterus, but some tissue-specific differential growth of M. musculus and M. caroli cells occurred during postnatal development. Similar effects have, however, been reported in interstrain M. musculus chimaeras. The similarity between inter- and intraspecific chimaeric growth patterns supports the use of this interspecific system as a model for analysing cell lineage relationships during development.
Analysis of perinotochordal materials. 2. Studies on the influence of proteoglycans in somite chondrogenesis
Authors: Vasan Nagaswamisri 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNotochordal proteoglycans influence somite chondrogenesis. In earlier work we learned that notochord cultured under improved conditions for 8 days contains three different classes of proteoglycans (Vasan, 1981). The question was whether these three different classes of perinotochordal proteoglycan molecules, are necessary for inducing somite chondrogenesis. When the notochords were exposed to substances causing metabolic alterations (BUdR, excess vitamin A, and hyaluronic acid), only small proteoglycans accumulated in the perinotochordal sheath. Such treated notochords or the proteoglycans extracted from them failed to support somite chondrogenesis, suggesting that the large aggregate in the perinotochordal matrix may be necessary for somite induction. Adding a crude proteoglycan prepared from embryonic sternal cartilage increased the induction of chondrogenesis in somites, but papain treatment of the proteoglycan diminished its inductive capacity. This result further suggests that large aggregate proteoglycan may be necessary for the tissue interactions that promote chondrogenesis.
Cell division in the formation of the stomatal complex of the young leaves of wheat
Authors: Pickett-Heaps J. D. , Northcote D. H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the formation of stomata in the young leaves of wheat the cells divide in a characteristic manner; two of the cell divisions are asymmetrical and produce cells of unequal sizes. A study of the fine structure of the cells during mitosis has shown that a band of microtubules appears at each preprophase stage. This band, although it is not present in the subsequent stages of mitosis, indicates the location on the wall of the mother cell where the cell plate will join it at the final division of the cytoplasm at telophase. Thus the future plane of cell division is indicated by these microtubules at preprophase.
Microtubules are also found at the growing edge of the cell plate and appear to function in directing the vesicles which are brought up to extend the plate. The cell plate which is formed to cut off the subsidiary cells on either side of the guard mother cell is curved, and the microtubules present in conjunction with this plate during its formation could function to align and hold it on the required position.
The relationship of the guard mother cell to the divisions of the adjacent epidermal cells which form the subsidiary cells is discussed, and related to general problems of growth and differentiation.
Giant centrioles in neuropteran meiosis
Authors: Friedländer M. , Wahrman J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Centrioles were studied in living and fixed testes of neuropteran insects by light, phasecontrast, and electron microscopy. Giant centrioles, measuring up to 8·0 μ in length (according to the species), develop in meiotic prophase, whereas only minute centrioles are found in spermatogonia. The giant centrioles have essentially the same ultrastructure as described for smaller centrioles, but their periodic structure is more clearly defined.
The growth of giant centrioles consists of two phases. First, a procentriole lengthens to the size of its mother centriole, as in mitosis; then the four centriolar rods of one cell continue their growth simultaneously and at the same rate. At their distal ends centriolar vesicles are attached. These originate from invaginations of the cell membrane and apparently contribute to the growth of the centrioles.
Neuropteran spermatids, like those of other insects, have only one centriolar rod, while spermatids of many other animals contain two centrioles. The origin and significance of this difference are unknown.
Three different types of mate-killer (mu) particle in Paramecium aurelia (syngen 1)
Authors: Beale G. H. , Jurand A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new rapid method for staining endosymbiotic particles in Paramecium is described. Two new strains of mu particle in P. aurelia syngen I are compared with the previously known mu particles of stock 540 by light and electron microscopy. Morphologically the three types of particle differ only in size, but each converts its host Paramecium into a mate-killer of a specific type. Each of the three particles appears to require the presence of different genes of Paramecium.
Mycoplasmas in tissue culture
Authors: Macpherson I. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMycoplasmas are frequently found as contaminants in tissue-cultured cells. Infections may be inapparent or cause severe cytopathic changes. The source of primary contaminations in most cases is probably the upper respiratory tract of man. The wide dissemination of infections in cultures most probably occurs as a result of aerosols set up during the processing of contaminated cultures. Mycoplasmas in cultured cells may cause chromosome aberrations, degradation of the host cell DNA, and morphological transformations. They cleave thymidine and its related structural inhibitors and also degrade arginine. They inhibit the growth of adenovirus and Rous sarcoma virus and no doubt affect others. A number of antibiotics which are relatively non-toxic for cells in culture are active against mycoplasmas and may be used to cure infected cells. Mycoplasmas interfere with the biochemistry of the cell at many points and no one working with tissue cultures can afford to ignore them. Stringent aseptic techniques are the best safeguard against primary infections and cross-contaminations.
Ultrastructure and peripheral membranes of the mycetomal micro-organisms of Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera)
Authors: Grinyer I. , Musgrave A. J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The peripheral membranes of the micro-organisms of the mycetocytes of adult midgut caecae and of larval mycetomes of Sitophilus granarius (L.), GG strain, have been examined with an electron microscope. The majority of the mycetocytes were depleted of intracellular organelles but contained large numbers of mycetomal micro-organisms, most of which exhibited only one peripheral membrane. Some mycetocytes, however, had well-developed ultrastructure and harboured mycetomal micro-organisms which showed two peripheral membranes, namely a cell wall and plasma membrane. Intermediate conditions also occurred.
It is suggested that the absence of host-provided membranes around the micro-organisms categorizes them as obligate symbiotes.
Further observations on the fine structure of Chrysochromulina chiton, with special reference to the pyrenoid
Authors: Manton Irene 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Developments associated with the surface of the projecting pyrenoids of Chrysochromulina chiton have been traced in outline after glutaraldehyde fixation. In the simplest condition the pyrenoidal core is separated from the cytoplasm by two superposed pairs of membranes, the outer pair being continuous with a layer of endoplasmic reticulum spread over the surface of the subtending chloroplast. Various stages in the formation and removal of an additional membrane-bounded cap of translucent material are illustrated and interpreted in terms of local accumulation of a temporary storage metabolite in the path of translocation of materials from the chloroplast into the cell. A cap is thought to begin as a blister involving the innermost pair of membranes which become pushed apart as the transparent material accumulates between them. A bulge, involving the outer of the two separated membranes plus contents of the blister, could then push out between meshes in the overlying endoplasmic reticulum before spreading laterally. This process is not light-dependent. It is suggested that enzymes localized between the chloroplast membranes in this region are acting on a soluble translocation metabolite. At mitosis, and shortly after, the capping material may be absent.