bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises: new fitness assessment and intervention in teaching physical education
Authors: Garcia Marino A. , Custodio Emerito R. 
Published: February 2021

Background and Study Aim. The COVID – 19 pandemic has post threats on the physical and mental fitness of the people. Thus, the study determined the effectiveness of home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises to the fitness level of the university students in physical education.
Material and Methods. University students were the participants of the study. 200 student populations who were taking physical education subject in the year 2020 were considered. Quasi – experimental research design was employed and 96 participants between the age bracket of 18 - 26 (74 females & 22 males) were chosen using simple random sampling in determining the population size of the study. SPSS program was used in the analysis in the obtained data.
Results. The result shown that there is a significant difference between the pre – test and post – test results in the fitness level of the participants in body mass index (T= -3.482, p < .001), cardiovascular endurance (T= -4.193, p < .000), flexibility (T= -6.279, p <.000), muscular endurance (T= -9.553, p <.000), and muscular strength (T= -7.569, p < .000) performing the home quarantine-based rhythmic exercises.
Conclusion. Further, it is concluded that engaging in two (2) months home quarantine – based rhythmic exercises from 30 minutes to 1 hour with moderate to vigorous intensity augment the physical fitness level of an individual. Moreover, it is recommended to put vision accounts in strengthening the inclusion of home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises in teaching physical education either in synchronous and asynchronous in teaching – learning process.
Tres Repúblicas Barriales y sus Universidades. Las Universidades Populares en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el período de entreguerras: un esquema preliminar
Authors: Yaverovski Alejandro Martín 
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo aporta una nueva perspectiva al conocimiento histórico de las Universidades Populares. Para ello se analiza la experiencia de tres instituciones de la ciudad de Buenos Aires: la Universidad Popular de La Boca, fundada en 1917; la Universidad Popular de Boedo, cuya fundación data de 1928; y la Sociedad Luz Universidad Popular, creada en 1899 por iniciativa del Partido Socialista, y actualmente emplazada en el barrio porteño de Barracas.
Dichas instituciones educativas son estudiadas en relación con el concepto dual de barrio, propio del desarrollo de la historia local de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se trabaja como hipótesis que la pertenencia a “lo barrial” —enunciada incluso desde su nomenclatura en dos de los casos— influyó en la constitución de las identidades de los barrios y de las Universidades Populares, así como en el despliegue de una red de vínculos barriales.
Escritores Públicos y Prensa en la Nueva Granada, 1848-1853
Authors: Becerra Mora José Camilo 
Published: February 2021

El propósito del presente artículo es caracterizar a los publicistas neogranadinos entre 1848 y 1853. Para materializar este objetivo, la primera parte analiza el rol de la prensa en la configuración de un tipo inédito de escritor público. La segunda sección expone las facetas que desarrollaron aquellos letrados. Estudiar a los escritores públicos constituye un avance importante en el análisis de los partidos políticos como elementos fundamentales en la configuración de lo que Pierre Rosanvallon denominó como lo político, pues como se intentará demostrar, quienes se encargaron de configurar los partidos políticos, se preocuparon por dotarlos con elementos intelectuales complejos[1].

[1] Pierre Rosanvallon, Por una historia conceptual de lo político (Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2003), 19-20.
Eye movements in developing readers: From basic research to classroom application.
Authors: Spichtig Alexandra , Vorstius Christian , Reilly Ronan , Laubrock Jochen 
Published: February 2021

Video stream: https://vimeo.com/362645755
Eye-movement recording has made it possible to achieve a detailed understanding of oculomotor and cognitive behavior during reading and of changes in this behavior across the stages of reading development. Given that many students struggle to attain even basic reading skills, a logical extension of eye-movement research involves its applications in both the diagnostic and instructional areas of reading education. The focus of this symposium is on eye-movement research with potential implications for reading education.
Christian Vorstius will review results from a large-scale longitudinal study that examined the development of spatial parameters in fixation patterns within three cohorts, ranging from elementary to early middle school, discussing an early development window and its potential influences on reading ability and orthography. Ronan Reilly and Xi Fan will present longitudinal data related to developmental changes in reading-related eye movements in Chinese. Their findings are indicative of increasing sensitivity to lexical predictability and sentence coherence. The authors suggest that delays in the emergence of these reading behaviors may signal early an increased risk of reading difficulty.
Jochen Laubrock’s presentation will focus on perceptual span development and explore dimensions of this phenomenon with potential educational implications, such as the modulation of perceptual span in relation to cognitive load, as well as preview effects during oral and silent reading --and while reading comic books.
Eye and head movements while looking at rotated scenes in VR.
Authors: Anderson Nicola C. , Bischof Walter F. 
Published: February 2021

Video stream: https://vimeo.com/356859979
Production and publication of the video stream was sponsored by SCIANS Ltd http://www.scians.ch/
We examined the extent to which image shape (square vs. circle), image rotation, and image content (landscapes vs. fractal images) influenced eye and head movements. Both the eyes and head were tracked while observers looked at natural scenes in a virtual reality (VR) environment. In line with previous work, we found a horizontal bias in saccade directions, but this was affected by both the image shape and its content. Interestingly, when viewing landscapes (but not fractals), observers rotated their head in line with the image rotation, presumably to make saccades in cardinal, rather than oblique, directions. We discuss our findings in relation to current theories on eye movement control, and how insights from VR might inform traditional eyetracking studies. - Part 2: Observers looked at panoramic, 360 degree scenes using VR goggles while eye and head movements were tracked. Fixations were determined using IDT (Salvucci & Goldberg, 2000) adapted to a spherical coordinate system. We then analyzed a) the spatial distribution of fixations and the distribution of saccade directions, b) the spatial distribution of head positions and the distribution of head movements, and c) the relation between gaze and head movements. We found that, for landscape scenes, gaze and head best fit the allocentric frame defined by the scene horizon, especially when taking head tilt (i.e., head rotation around the view axis) into account. For fractal scenes, which are isotropic on average, the bias toward a body-centric frame gaze is weak for gaze and strong for the head. Furthermore, our data show that eye and head movements are closely linked in space and time in stereotypical ways, with volitional eye movements predominantly leading the head. We discuss our results in terms of models of visual exploratory behavior in panoramic scenes, both in virtual and real environments.
From lab-based studies to eye-tracking in virtual and real worlds: conceptual and methodological problems and solutions.
Authors: Hooge Ignace T.C. , Hessels Roy S. , Niehorster Diederick C. , Diaz Gabriel J. , Duchowski Andrew T. , Pelz Jeff B. 
Published: February 2021

Video stream: https://vimeo.com/357473408
Wearable mobile eye trackers have great potential as they allow the measurement of eye movements during daily activities such as driving, navigating the world and doing groceries. Although mobile eye trackers have been around for some time, developing and operating these eye trackers was generally a highly technical affair. As such, mobile eye-tracking research was not feasible for most labs. Nowadays, many mobile eye trackers are available from eye-tracking manufacturers (e.g. Tobii, Pupil labs, SMI, Ergoneers) and various implementations in virtual/augmented reality have recently been released.The wide availability has caused the number of publications using a mobile eye tracker to increase quickly. Mobile eye tracking is now applied in vision science, educational science, developmental psychology, marketing research (using virtual and real supermarkets), clinical psychology, usability, architecture, medicine, and more. Yet, transitioning from lab-based studies where eye trackers are fixed to the world to studies where eye trackers are fixed to the head presents researchers with a number of problems. These problems range from the conceptual frameworks used in world-fixed and head-fixed eye tracking and how they relate to each other, to the lack of data quality comparisons and field tests of the different mobile eye trackers and how the gaze signal can be classified or mapped to the visual stimulus. Such problems need to be addressed in order to understand how world-fixed and head-fixed eye-tracking research can be compared and to understand the full potential and limits of what mobile eye-tracking can deliver. In this symposium, we bring together presenting researchers from five different institutions (Lund University, Utrecht University, Clemson University, Birkbeck University of London and Rochester Institute of Technology) addressing problems and innovative solutions across the entire breadth of mobile eye-tracking research.
Hooge, presenting Hessels et al. paper, focus on the definitions of fixations and saccades held by researchers in the eyemovement field and argue how they need to be clarified in order to allow comparisons between world-fixed and head-fixed eye-tracking research. - Diaz et al. introduce machine-learning techniques for classifying the gaze signal in mobile eye-tracking contexts where head and body are unrestrained. Niehorster et al. compare data quality of mobile eye trackers during natural behavior and discuss the application range of these eye trackers. Duchowski et al. introduce a method for automatically mapping gaze to faces using computer vision techniques. Pelz et al. employ state-of-the-art techniques to map fixations to objects of interest in the scene video and align grasp and eye-movement data in the same reference frame to investigate the guidance of eye movements during manual interaction.
Music sight-reading expertise, visually disrupted score and eye movements
Authors: Arthur Patricia , Blom Diana , Khuu Sieu 
Published: February 2021

Previous studies have shown that performance at a defined level of music sight reading for pianists (6th Grade) is predictive of eye movement patterns (Waters, 1998) and that such patterns resemble those of text reading experts (Furneaux & Land, 1999; Sloboda, 1974; Truitt, 1997; Wolf, 1976). However, little is known about how expertise might affect eye movement patterns when the score has been visually disrupted using notational features that are unexpected or outside conventional presentation.The current project examined the effect of altering features of the music score on eye movement patterns of expert and non-expert music sight readers. Participants sight read specifically composed musical excerpts, which were then re-presented with the bar-lines removed, altered inter-note spacing and unpredictable beaming directions. Fixation and saccade characteristics were measured and compared between the two performances. It was expected that expert music sight readers would be most affected when the score was disrupted as they would be less capable of grouping notes into familiar, single units for efficient visual processing. Expert sight readers performed significantly faster than non-experts in both conditions: p<0.0001. Saccadic latency increased significantly for experts in the disrupted condition: p=0.0259, while non-experts increased slightly, not reaching significance. This suggests that the disruption of visual expectation was sufficient to cause a lengthening of saccade programming in the experts - an indication of interference with the chunking process. The resultant EM patterns for the non-experts demonstrated heightened non-expert behaviours: increased fixations of shorter duration.
Silent reading of music and texts; eye movements and integrative reading mechanisms
Authors: Cara Michel André , Gómez Gabriela 
Published: February 2021

This study investigates to what extent structural units defined by physical and structural markers elicit different eye movement patterns when reading contrasting stimuli of music and verbal texts. Eye movements were tracked and compared in ten musicians undergoing Bachelor’s degrees as they silently read six texts and six pieces of music for piano: the music was contemporary, in modal style, and the style of the texts was informative and literary. Participants were music students at Universidad de Chile studying for Bachelor’s degrees. Information integration for both local (intrasentence/phrase) and global (intersentence/phrase) levels of processing was assessed through regressive fixations at the first pass and re-reading stages. Memory involvement in musical and verbal processing was investigated using verbal working memory and spatial memory tasks, suggesting a link between spatial memory and the reading of contemporary music. Both local and global integrative controls vary according to the reading stages, with differences between music styles and text types. These differences relate to information intake and integrative reading mechanisms. Despite the fact that musicians used different strategies for processing verbal and musical information, no cross-patterns of individual reading strategies were observed between conditions. Although the underlying processes are different, resource-sharing between the two domains cannot be ruled out.
Decision-Making Process Associated with Adding NCAA Division I Sports Programs
Authors: Milstein Sloane , Damon Zack 
Published: February 2021

Recent college sport headlines highlight the decision to cut teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Citing the expected budgetary impact, Old Dominion announced it was cutting its wrestling program. St. Edward’s University is cutting the men and women’s tennis, men and women’s golf, and men’s soccer. The University of Cincinnati eliminated its men’s soccer program with more programs to follow. Yet, a number of institutions are charging forward and have announced the addition of a team(s) to their athletic offerings. Plymouth State will add men’s swimming, Indiana Tech is adding women’s ice hockey, and Augustana College just added men and women’s water polo. Such additions are somewhat surprising given the difficult economic climate currently facing higher education and intercollegiate athletics. This study sought to identify a structure that NCAA Division I decision-makers took part in when adding a team in previous years. Accordingly, the authors conducted expert-based, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 Division I athletic administrators representing 23 sport teams. The following decision-making phases were identified: Identification, Justification, Evaluation, Acceptance (or Interruptions), and Authorization. Theoretical and practical implications for institutions seeking to grow their sport offerings are provided.
Status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures. Russkiy zhurnal detskoy nevrologii
Authors: Kitaeva V. E. , Kotov A. S. 
Published: February 2021

Background. The status epilepticus of focal impaired-awareness seizures (SE FIAS) is a series of focal seizures with loss or change of consciousness, between which there is no complete recovery of consciousness. This status epilepticus occurs in patients with temporal (especially with hippocampal sclerosis) and frontal epilepsy. It is important to differentiate SE FIAS with the absence status epilepticus, with psychiatric disorder, with postictal confusion. As a rule, this status epilepticus is self-terminate, without special treatment.Objective: to study the features of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis in patients with SE FIAS.Materials and methods. The study included 1350 consecutive patients diagnosed with epilepsy.Results and discussion. A history of SE FIAS was found in 20 patients (14 women and 6 men), it occurred in the age range from 5 to 66 years. 13 patients (65 %) had mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, 5 patients (25 %) had frontal lobe epilepsy, and 2 patients (10 %) had lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Only in 80 % of patients treatment was adequate before the development of SE FIAS, in 20 % of patients it was inadequate and subsequently caused the development of status epilepticus. In 40 % of patients the occurrence of SE FIAS is associated with their own non-compliance; in 30 % of patients the development of status epilepticus had iatrogenic causes. Measures to prevent the development of status epilepticus were ineffective only in patients with pharmacoresistant symptomatic epilepsy and in non-compliant patients.Conclusions. SE FIAS occurs in 1 % of patients with epilepsy. Among patients, women with temporal or frontal epilepsy dominate; status epilepticus occurs at any age and is often triggered by changes in therapy due to doctors’ recommendations or patient non-compliance. Usually the status is self-terminating. To prevent its recurrence, adequate antiepileptic therapy is necessary. The prognosis in patients with SE FIAS is favorable; however, the general prognosis remains serious due to the severity of the course of epilepsy.
Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy. Impact of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapy on the health of newborns
Authors: Yakushina T. I. 
Published: February 2021

Background. Due to the high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) among women of reproductive age, special attention is paid to the management of pregnancy in them. The problem concerning the health of infants born to mothers with MS receiving disease-modifying therapy has not yet been addressed. It is necessary to identify the timing of cessation of drugs changing the course of MS, as well as to find the possibility of mitigating exacerbations during pregnancy using corticosteroid therapy.Objective: to analyze the effects of causal therapy for MS on the health of newborns.Materials and methods. This study included 154 women with MS residing in Moscow region and receiving disease-modifying therapy. We evaluated the course of pregnancy, delivery, and the condition of infants born to these mothers.Results and conclusions. Our findings are consistent with the earlier published data in the general cohort of pregnant women and allowed us to conclude that the presence of MS and history of immunomodulatory therapy do not significantly affect the outcome of pregnancy. The incidence and severity of disorders in infants born to MS mothers did not significantly differ from those in the general population. Prolongation of therapy with drugs that change the course of MS up to pregnancy is most appropriate, since it stabilizes the condition of women in the perinatal period, without causing significant harm to the health of newborns. Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of various disorders in infants (such as multiple malformations, low birth weight, prematurity). If a woman develops an exacerbation of MS during pregnancy, it is possible to prescribe a short course of pulse therapy with methylprednisolone.
PROPHETIC ANTICIPATION OF THE FUTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LIFE OF THE COMPANIONS (MAY ALLAH BE PLEASED WITH THEMPREPARE)
Authors: Rashid Rashid Jasim Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

Clarifying the image of the desired future is one of the first tasks of the successful leadership, which draws its followers the features and milestones of this future. Indeed, future science today has become one of the important sciences for which research, studies and centers are held, and this science was clear to the prophets, peace be upon them, for it is like a science of history, and if It was in the future and it has not yet occurred, but among the prophets and wise men there is a date that falls in the future that can be read and the path that he will follow. This is our master Moses on him and on our Prophet, may prayers and peace be upon him, he offers the Messenger of ALLAH Muhammad, may ALLAH bless him and grant him peace, an integrated reading, not to his ummah to which he was sent but to the nation of Muhammad peace ALLAH be upon him and she was at the beginning of its inception, and he is with the Supreme Companion, that this ummah cannot tolerate fifty prayers a day, so your Lord asked to reduce your nation, even though it is a future that has not yet come, and this our master is kind to him and our Prophet, prayers and peace, submits a report to ALLAH the Wise and the All-Knowing that The future of these people is not better than their past And if we go back to the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, we find the clarity of future events before him as the clarity of past events that occurred and passed, so what happened in the migration with the great companion Saraqa bin Malik, is the clearest evidence of what they intended As for the science of the future in the Noble AL Qur’an, ALLAH Almighty made it clear and made it subject to laws and Sunnahs. When these laws and these Sunnahs are applied, the results are identical to that. The Noble AL Qur’an has put introductions into which results can be obtained.
Therefore, the idea of ​​this research came about how the ummah can read its future based on the facts of the reality in which it is living, and the interest of the first generation in the anticipations of the Prophet, may ALLAH bless him and grant him peace), highlighting examples of the influence of the prophetic foresight on the lives of the honorable Companions, may ALLAH be pleased with them.
A Study on Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Indian Taxation System
Authors: Et al. Ankit Rathi 
Published: February 2021

In a developing economy like India taxation is a main source of public finance. Indian taxation system always suffered from problems such as tax evasion, inefficient administration etc. Administration of taxation always needs such a system which will be less in error and prompt in decision making. Indian taxation system is suffering from lack of manpower to perform tedious tasks such as data entry, scrutiny of return, tax audit etc.
To manage the changing tax landscape alongside use of analytics recently Indian government announced the use of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in tax assessment system. Artificial Intelligence or known as AI is a relatively new phenomenon in tax. Recently the government of India announced to use faceless tax assessment system empowered by AI/ML.
In the Present paper we attempt to find out the role of AI/ML in Indian taxation system and on the basis of factors such as tax knowledge, tax education, legal sanction, complexity of tax system, relationship with tax authority, perceived fairness of the tax system, ethics and attitudes towards tax compliance, awareness of offences and penalties, tax education, possibility of being audited etc. we want to know about the perception of taxpayers towards adoption of Artificial Intelligence based tax system.