bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From survival to self‐governance: A comparison of two peasant autonomy struggles in Colombia's coffee and frontier regions
Authors: Sankey Kyla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis contribution explores processes of political class formation in peasant autonomy movements. The paper is based on a comparison of two peasant autonomy movements emerging from diverse agrarian structures and looks at how each movement emerged and developed. It argues that variations in class bases, cultural traditions and political histories shape the different ways autonomy is conceived and practised between peasant movements. The political expressions of autonomy struggles can be very diverse, ranging from poverty‐driven survival strategies to politicized socio‐territorial movements. The paper also highlights three main tensions in the question of autonomy for peasant movements: (1) struggles for autonomy do not involve a straightforward withdrawal from commodity markets, but also seek greater control over the terms of integration into markets; (2) states are still central focal points for the demands and tactics of autonomy struggles, and states still play an important role in allocating resources and co‐opting peasant movements; and (3) the strategy of autonomy alone is insufficient for building counter‐hegemonic movements. Leadership strategies are critical in shaping the political direction of autonomy movements.
Correlation of serum interleukin 17 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels with clinical response to intralesional Candida antigen and their potential use as predictors of clinical outcome in patients with multiple common warts
Authors: Nassar Amany , Nofal Ahmad , Bakr Noha M. , Essam Reham , Alakad Rania 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCandida antigen injection is one of the most widely used intralesional immunotherapy in the treatment of warts. It acts through the induction of systemic immune response. The pattern of cytokines production may play an integral role in its mechanism of action.AimTo investigate the possible relation between serum levels of IL17 and MIF, and the clinical response to intralesional Candida antigen in multiple common warts.MethodsA total of 90 patients with multiple common warts were divided into 2 groups. Sixty patients received intralesional Candida antigen injection into the largest wart, controlled against thirty patients who had intralesional saline, as placebo. The injection was done at a 2‐week interval for 5 doses. Blood samples were obtained from both groups, and serum levels of IL17A and MIF were estimated at baseline and 2 weeks after the last session using ELISA kits.ResultsComplete clearance of warts was statistically higher in the Candida antigen group (40% of the patients) compared to the saline group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of IL17 had significantly declined from baseline, while the level of MIF had risen after intralesional Candida antigen injection, but not in the saline group. At a cutoff level of 316 pg/ml, IL17 had a sensitivity of 83.3% to predict therapeutic response.ConclusionIL17A and MIF may have possible roles in the mechanism of action of Candida antigen in the treatment of common warts. At a certain level, serum IL17A may be a potential predictor of response to treatment.
Small increases in group size improve small shoals' response to water flow in zebrafish
Authors: Suriyampola P. S. , Iruri‐Tucker A. A. , Padilla‐Veléz L. , Enriquez A. , Shelton D. S. , Martins E. P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSocial context may influence the perception of sensory cues and the ability to display refined behavioral responses. Previous work suggests that effective responses to environmental cues can be contingent on having a sufficient number of individuals in a group. Thus, the changes in group size may have profound impacts, particularly on the behavior of small social groups. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio), here we examined how changes in group size influence the ability to respond to changes in water flow. We found that fish in relatively larger groups displayed stronger rheotaxis even when comparing pairs of fish with groups of four fish, indicating that a small increase in group size can enhance the responsiveness to environmental change. Individual fish in relatively larger groups also spent less time in the energetically costly leading position than individuals in pairs, indicating that even a small increase in group size may provide energetic benefits. We also found that the shoal cohesion was dependent on the size of the group but within a given group size, shoal cohesion did not vary with the flow rate. Our study highlights that even a small change in group size could significantly affect the way social fish respond to the changes in water flow, which could be an important attribute that shapes the resilience of social animals in changing environments.
Expected median of a shifted Brownian motion: Theory and calculations
Authors: Piterbarg Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFinancial derivatives linked to the median, the 50%‐th percentile of an occupation measure of a stochastic process, have not been extensively studied in realistic models of financial markets, as such derivatives simply did not exist until recently. The Libor reform changed that, as valuing a vast number of financial contracts in the final years before the Libor cessation announcement required calculating the expected value of the median of the time series of Libor versus the risk‐free rate spreads, part of which were yet unknown and, thus, stochastic. Numerically‐efficient algorithms for calculating the fair value of the median that incorporate both the historical observations and the future dynamics of the spreads in a realistic model have already been studied by Piterbarg. In this paper, we go significantly further and develop methods for calculating the expected value of the median in a model of a Brownian motion with a time‐dependent shift where, critically, we do not assume that the historical part of the time series is long enough to make the realized median an a.s. bounded random variable. A whole new approach is required in this case, and we combine a newly‐established linearization property of the expected median in the large volatility limit, a universal white noise approximation, and novel Machine Learning techniques to derive a general, numerically efficient algorithm for approximating the expected median across a wide range of model parameters. Theoretical advances and practical solutions to topical problems are presented. Various extensions are discussed.
Exploring Potential Educational and Social Contributors to Relational Reasoning Development
Authors: Chae Soo Eun , Alexander Patricia A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the relational reasoning performance of three groups from South Korea who either differed significantly in age or in the timing of their education. One group consisted of 200 sixth‐grade adolescents. The other groups were composed of older adults who either attended school during the mandated timeframe (typical, n = 34) or who are only now enrolled in a secondary‐school program (atypical, n = 45). Our quantitative investigation of the participants' performances on the Test of Relational Reasoning‐Junior showed that the atypically schooled older adults performed significantly below the young adolescents and typically schooled peers on the composite scores and on all four scales (i.e., analogical, anomaly, antinomy, and antithesis). Further, the semi‐structured interviews elaborated on social conditions pertinent to the quantitative analyses. Overall messages shown in the data about relational reasoning development and the potential contributions of educational and social factors are discussed.
Remote provision of breastfeeding support and education: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gavine Anna , Marshall Joyce , Buchanan Phyll , Cameron Joan , Leger Agnes , Ross Sam , Murad Amal , McFadden Alison 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in remotely provided maternity care services, including breastfeeding support. It is, therefore, important to understand whether breastfeeding support provided remotely is an effective method of support. To determine if breastfeeding support provided remotely is an effective method of support. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Twenty‐nine studies were included in the review and 26 contributed data to the meta‐analysis. Remotely provided breastfeeding support significantly reduced the risk of women stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months by 25% (risk ratio [RR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 0.90). There was no significant difference in the number of women stopping any breastfeeding at 4–8 weeks (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.64), 3 months (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.11), or 6 months (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.03) or the number of women stopping exclusive breastfeeding at 4–8 weeks (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.07) or 6 months (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.0). There was substantial heterogeneity of interventions in terms of mode of delivery, intensity, and providers. This demonstrates that remote interventions can be effective for improving exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months but the certainty of the evidence is low. Improvements in exclusive breastfeeding at 4–8 weeks and 6 months were only found when studies at high risk of bias were excluded. They are also less likely to be effective for improving any breastfeeding. Remote provision of breastfeeding support and education could be provided when it is not possible to provide face‐to‐face care.
Scleral exposure changes after Le Fort I maxillary advancement with vertical component in individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion—A stereophotogrammetric image study
Authors: Yılmaz Hanife Nuray , Acar Yasemin Bahar , Onem Ozbilen Elvan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate inferior scleral exposure changes in Class III patients that underwent orthognathic surgery with Le Fort I osteotomy with and without vertical displacement.Materials and MethodsPreoperative and 6 months postoperative cephalograms and stereophotogrammetric images of 45 subjects (mean age: 21.66 ± 2.97 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery for Class III correction were retrieved. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: maxillary advancement‐only (AO), maxillary advancement + impaction (AI) and maxillary advancement + downfracture (AD). Exclusion criteria were mandibular‐only surgery, occlusal canting, facial asymmetry, orbital surgery and craniofacial syndrome. One investigator measured inferior scleral exposure on both sides using following landmarks: upper eyelid margin (A), inferior limbus (B) and lower eyelid margin (C). Distance between A and C was recorded as overall eye height (E), and distance between B and C was recorded as inferior sclera exposure (S). S:E ratio in percentage was calculated to standardize sclera exposure relative to overall eye height. Wilcoxon signed‐rank and Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis (P < .05).ResultsMean value of maxillary movements was as follows: 4.21 ± 1.82 mm advancement in AO, 5.08 ± 2.18 mm advancement and 2.33 ± 0.99 mm impaction in AI, 3.95 ± 1.45 mm advancement and 3.1 ± 0.71 mm downfracture in AD. Change in reduction of scleral exposure was significant in all groups (P < .05). AI group bilaterally and AO group right side had highest differences (−4.96 ± 4.86, −6.09 ± 4.21, −4.99 ± 3.23, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in S:E ratio changes (P > .05).ConclusionIntergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant difference, revealing similar reduction in all three groups despite the differences in the vertical movement variable.
Anchor and Krackow‐“8” Suture for the Fixation of Distal Pole Fractures of the Patella: Comparison to Kirschner Wire
Authors: Xie Jia , Fu Yu , Li Jun , Yu Hao , Zhang Yong , Jing Juehua 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe study aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, functional outcomes, and postoperative complications of anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS) and K‐wire fixation in patients with distal pole patellar fractures.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with distal pole patella fractures between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS group) was applied in 10 patients and 18 patients underwent K‐wire fixation (K‐wire group). The average age of patients was 46.000 ± 19.476 years in the AS group and 47.556 ± 15.704 years in the K‐wire group, with comparable demographic characteristics. All patients underwent regular follow‐up the operative data and postoperative functional and clinical outcomes were recorded. Complications were recorded by clinical and radiographic assessment. Bostman patellar fracture functional score was used to evaluate knee function after patellar fracture.ResultsA total of 28 eligible patients were included in this study. The mean follow‐up was similar for the AS and the K‐wire groups (P > 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The final follow‐up on the range of motion of the knee: the average extension lag was similar in two groups (P > 0.05); flexion and flexion–extension angle was slightly better in the AS group than in the K‐wire group. The Bostman patella fracture functional score of AS group were better than K‐wire group at 3 and 6 months after operation. Four kinds of postoperative complications in two groups, one patient (10%) in the AS group and two patients (11.1%) in the K‐wire group had infections. Two (11.1%) cases of nonunion in group K and three patients (16.7%) required re‐operation: one due to infection and two due to early implant failure. In the AS group, all distal pole fractures of the patella showed bony union, without loosening, falling, pulling out and nonunion of the fractures 6 months after operation.ConclusionsAnchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation is an easily executed surgical procedure that can significantly reduce incision length and achieve better surgical outcomes than traditional procedures with regard to postoperative complications, knee function and without requiring a second operation. This technique is an effective operation method for the treatment of inferior patellar pole fractures.
An Approach to Intraoperatively Identify the Coronal Plane Deformities of the Distal Tibia When Treating Tibial Fractures with Intramedullary Nail Fixation: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Lu Yao , Yang Jie , Xu Yibo , Ma Teng , Li Ming , Ren Cheng , Huang Qiang , Zhang Congming , Wang Qian , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a new approach to intraoperatively identify the presence of coronal plane deformities (both valgus and varus) when treating tibial fractures with closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted by enrolling 33 consecutive patients with tibial fractures who received closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation from January 2018 to January 2019 at our trauma center. Out of the 33 patients, 23 were males and 10 were females and the average age was 41 years (ranging 22 to 69 years of age). Standard anteroposterior and lateral preoperative radiographs were routinely performed. After intraoperatively inserting the tibial intramedullary nail through the standard entry point, the parallel relationship between the distal horizontal interlocking screw and the tibiotalar joint surface on the anteroposterior fluoroscopy was used to determine the occurrence of valgus or varus deformities of the distal tibial fragment. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed using the average interval from injury to surgery, the lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) of the unaffected and affected sides, complications and the Olerud–Molander ankle score.ResultsAll 33 patients were postoperatively followed for 13 to 25 months (mean 18.7 months). The fractures achieved bone union at an average of 4.3 months (ranging from 3 to 6 months). The total complication rate was 60.6% (20 cases), including four cases that showed deep vein thrombosis, one case showing an infection and delayed union and 15 cases showing slight to moderate anterior knee pain. The postoperative LDTA of the unaffected side measured 87.3° to 89.6 ° (average 88.7° ± 0.8°), and the LDTA of the affected side was 87.5° to 90.4° (average 88.9° ± 1.1°). There was no significant difference between the unaffected and affected sides (t = −1.865, P = 0.068). The intraoperative measurement indicated six cases of valgus angulation and three cases of varus angulation deformities, and all deformities were corrected during surgery. According to the Olerud–Molander ankle score, clinical outcomes demonstrated 22 excellent cases, eight good cases, two fair cases, and one poor case 12 months after surgery.ConclusionThe parallel relationship between the distal horizontal interlocking screw and tibiotalar joint surface on intraoperative anteroposterior films were able to determine the onset of valgus or varus angulations of the distal tibial fragment in the fracture zone after the tibial intramedullary nail was inserted through the standard entry point.
Antepartum severe maternal morbidity: A population‐based study of risk factors and delivery outcomes
Authors: Raineau Mégane , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Seco Aurélien , Bonnet Marie‐Pierre ,   the EPIMOMS Study Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere maternal morbidity (SMM) is a key indicator of maternal health. Generally explored without distinction by the timing of the event, it mainly reflects postpartum SMM. Although antepartum (pre‐labour) SMM presents specific challenges in its need to optimise the risk‐benefit balance for both mother and foetus, its features remain inadequately explored.ObjectivesWe explored risk factors of antepartum SMM and described adverse delivery and neonatal outcomes associated with antepartum SMM.MethodsWe designed a population‐based nested case‐control study based on data from the EPIMOMS study (119 maternity hospitals of 6 French regions, 2012–2013, N = 182,309 deliveries in the source cohort). This study included all women with antepartum SMM (cases, n = 601) compared to a randomly selected sample of women who gave birth without SMM in the same hospitals (controls, n = 3651). Antepartum SMM risk factors were identified with multivariable logistic regression following imputations for missing data.ResultsAntepartum SMM complicated 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30, 0.36) of pregnancies. Antepartum SMM risk factors were maternal age ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.22, 1.97), increased body mass index (OR for 5 kg/m2 increase, 1.24, 95% CI 1.14, 1.36), maternal birth in sub‐Saharan Africa (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.29, 2.53), pre‐existing medical condition (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.99, 3.30), nulliparity (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.83, 2.80), previous pregnancy‐related hypertensive disorders (OR 4.94, 95% CI 3.36, 7.26), multiple pregnancy (OR 5.79, 95% CI 3.75, 7.26), irregular prenatal care (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.27, 2.72). For women with antepartum SMM, preterm delivery, neonatal mortality and transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit were 10 times more frequent than for controls. Emergency caesarean and general anaesthesia were more frequent in women with antepartum SMM.ConclusionsAntepartum SMM is rare but associated with increased rates of adverse delivery and neonatal outcomes.
Severe congenital neutropenia due to G6PC3 deficiency: Case series of five patients and literature review
Authors: Velez‐Tirado Natalia , Yamazaki‐Nakashimada Marco Antonio , Lopez Valentín Enrique , Partida‐Gaytan Armando , Scheffler‐Mendoza Selma C. , Chaia Semerena Genny M. , Alvarez‐Cardona Aristóteles , Suárez Gutiérrez Marcos Alejandro , Medina Torres Edgar Alejandro , Baeza Capetillo Patricia , Hirschmugl Tatjana , Garncarz Wojciech , Espinosa‐Padilla Sara Elva , Aguirre Hernández Jesús , Klein Christoph , Boztug Kaan , Lugo Reyes Saul O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesGlucose‐6‐phosphate catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) deficiency is characterized by severe congenital neutropenia with recurrent pyogenic infections, a prominent superficial venous pattern and cardiovascular and urogenital malformations caused by an alteration of glucose homeostasis, with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis.MethodsWe reviewed our patients with G6PC3 deficiency diagnosed along the last decade in Mexico; we also searched the PubMed/Medline database for the terms (‘G6PC3 deficiency’ OR ‘Dursun syndrome’ OR ‘Severe congenital neutropenia type 4’), and selected articles published in English from 2009 to 2020.ResultsWe found 89 patients reported from at least 14 countries in 4 continents. We describe five new cases from Mexico. Of the 94 patients, 56% are male, 48% from Middle East countries and none of them had adverse reactions to live vaccines; all presented with at least 1 severe infection prior to age 2. Seventy‐five per cent had syndromic features, mainly atrial septal defect in 55% and prominent superficial veins in 62%.ConclusionsWith a total of 94 patients reported in the past decade, we delineate the most frequent laboratory and genetic features, their treatment and outcomes, and to expand the knowledge of syndromic and non‐syndromic phenotypes in these patients.
Double‐loop cerclage resists greater loads for more cycles than twist and single‐loop cerclage
Authors: Butare‐Smith Lauren , Roe Simon C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the mechanical performance of cerclage secured with twist, single‐loop, and double‐loop knots subjected to cyclic loading.Study designIn vitro biomechanical study.Sample populationTwist, single‐loop and double‐loop cerclage configurations of 1.0 mm wire.MethodsThe peak load resisted by each cerclage type was determined (n = 6). Cerclage were loaded cyclically to 80%, 60%, 40%, or 20% of its peak load (n = 8 per load level). The number of cycles until each cerclage loosened (residual tension <10 N) was recorded.ResultsAll wires that failed did so by loosening. Twist cerclage cycled to 390 N and 290 N loosened within the first 10 cycles, and, when cycled to 100 N, they loosened by 250 cycles. All twist knots loosened by untwisting. Single‐loop cerclage cycled to 320 N loosened within 10 cycles. At 240 N, 5 single‐loop cerclage resisted 250 cycles before loosening. At 160 N, 2 of the 8 single‐loop cerclage did not loosen by 100 000 cycles. When cycled to 640 N, one of the double‐loop cerclage did not loosen following 500 000 cycles. When cycled to 480 N, 3 of the 8 wires did not loosen.ConclusionDouble‐loop cerclage will be tighter and are better able to resist cycling than twist or single‐loop cerclage.Clinical significanceUse of double‐loop cerclage to stabilize bone fragments or prevent fissure propagation can be expected to provide greater resistance to loosening than twist or single‐loop cerclage, both initially and with repeated loading.