bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular contrails – triggered contraction by passages of massive objects through molecular clouds
Authors: Li Guang-Xing , Shi Xun 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of passages of compact objects such as stars, star clusters, and black holes through molecular clouds, and propose that the gravitational interaction between the compact object and the ambient gas can lead to the formation of thin and collimated features made of dense gas, which we call ‘molecular contrails’. Supercritical contrails can collapse further leading to triggered star formation. The width of a molecular contrail is determined by the mass and velocity of the compact object and the velocity dispersion of the ambient molecular medium. Under typical conditions in the Milky Way, passages of stellar-mass objects lead to the formation of width $d\gtrsim 0.01\,\,\rm {pc}$ contrails, and passages of star clusters lead to the formation of $d\gtrsim 1\,\,\rm {pc}$ contrails. We present a few molecular contrail candidates from both categories identified from ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations of star-forming regions and the 13CO(1-0) map from the Galactic Ring Survey, respectively. The contrails represent an overlooked channel where stars and gas in the Galactic disc interact to form structures. They also present a potential way of detecting dark compact objects in the Milky Way.
Predicting images for the dynamics of stellar clusters (π-DOC): a deep learning framework to predict mass, distance, and age of globular clusters
Authors: Chardin Jonathan , Bianchini Paolo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Dynamical mass estimates of simple systems such as globular clusters (GCs) still suffer from up to a factor of 2 uncertainty. This is primarily due to the oversimplifications of standard dynamical models that often neglect the effects of the long-term evolution of GCs. Here, we introduce a new approach to measure the dynamical properties of GCs, based on the combination of a deep-learning framework and the large amount of data from direct N-body simulations. Our algorithm, π-DOC (Predicting Images for the Dynamics Of stellar Clusters) is composed of two convolutional networks, trained to learn the non-trivial transformation between an observed GC luminosity map and its associated mass distribution, age, and distance. The training set is made of V-band luminosity and mass maps constructed as mock observations from N-body simulations. The tests on π-DOC demonstrate that we can predict the mass distribution with a mean error per pixel of 27 per cent, and the age and distance with an accuracy of 1.5 Gyr and 6 kpc, respectively. In turn, we recover the shape of the mass-to-light profile and its global value with a mean error of 12 per cent, which implies that we efficiently trace mass segregation. A preliminary comparison with observations indicates that our algorithm is able to predict the dynamical properties of GCs within the limits of the training set. These encouraging results demonstrate that our deep-learning framework and its forward modelling approach can offer a rapid and adaptable tool competitive with standard dynamical models.
A two-step gravitational cascade for the fragmentation of self-gravitating discs
Authors: Brucy Noé , Hennebelle Patrick 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Self-gravitating discs are believed to play an important role in astrophysics in particular regarding the star and planet formation process. In this context, discs subject to an idealized cooling process, characterized by a cooling time-scale β expressed in unit of orbital time-scale, have been extensively studied. We take advantage of the Riemann solver and the 3D Godunov scheme implemented in the code Ramses to perform high-resolution simulations, complementing previous studies that have used smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) or 2D grid codes. We observe that the critical value of β for which the disc fragments is consistent with most previous results, and is not well converged with resolution. By studying the probability density function of the fluctuations of the column density (Σ-PDF), we argue that there is no strict separation between the fragmented and the unfragmented regimes but rather a smooth transition with the probability of apparition of fragments steadily diminishing as the cooling becomes less effective. We find that the high column density part of the Σ-PDF follows a simple power law whose slope turns out to be proportional to β and we propose an explanation based on the balance between cooling and heating through gravitational stress. Our explanation suggests that a more efficient cooling requires more heating implying a larger fraction of dense material which, in the absence of characteristic scales, results in a shallower scale-free power law. We propose that the gravitational cascade proceeds in two steps, first the formation of a dense filamentary spiral pattern through a sequence of quasi-static equilibrium triggered by the viscous transport of angular momentum, and second the collapse alongside these filaments that eventually results in the formation of bounded fragments.
A study of the long-term activity of five intermediate polars with accretion discs
Authors: Šimon Vojtěch 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Intermediate polars (IPs) are cataclysmic variables with mildly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs). This analysis of the long-term optical activity of five examples of IPs with accretion discs used data from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey, Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard (DASCH) and the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO). It is shown that each of these IPs had their most preferred value of absolute magnitude Mopt, even if it significantly varied on the superorbital time-scale. The values of Mopt of these IPs were in the zone of thermal-viscous instability (TVI) of the disc most of the time. The properties of a series of outbursts of V426 Oph can be explained by an intermittently operating TVI. The activity of TV Col and DW Cnc is interpreted as caused by a gradually variable mass inflow rate from the secondary to a cool disc. The mass transfer rate from the secondary varied on a well-determined time-scale. It is shown that Mopt of EI UMa, close to the peaks of outbursts of non-magnetic dwarf novae, fluctuated on the time-scale of days; it also produced short flares, ascribed to the bursts of matter from the donor. HY Leo, with a presumably cool disc, fluctuated between its high and low states. A temporary brightening from an extended low state is ascribed to a short, intense burst of matter from the donor to the remaining cool disc or torus.
Return migration and self-employment: is there a ‘jack-of-all-trades’ effect?
Authors: Mahé Clotilde 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With reference to Lazear’s jack-of-all-trades hypothesis, I examine whether migrants are more likely to be self-employed upon return because of the diverse work experience they gained abroad. The endogeneity between migration, human capital investment, and self-employment is addressed by exploiting exogenous cohort and regional variation in the decision to migrate in the context of Egypt, and parental labour market information. Return migrants’ higher propensity to be self-employed is shown to proceed from participating in significantly more occupations over their work history than non-migrants. In line with Lazear’s framework, estimates confirm that entrepreneurship can be learnt, and that exposure to multiple occupations matters for entrepreneurship.
Energy Policy in Japan
Authors: Hughes Llewelyn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines major changes in Japan’s energy system, focusing on the period since the March 11 Fukushima disaster. There remain numerous opportunities to describe and explain how politics is affecting the incremental but radical changes in the Japanese energy system. While the Japanese government continues to place concerns about security of energy supplies at the center of energy policy, climate change is the defining challenge for the Japanese government, and energy use is at the center of Japan’s greenhouse gas emissions profile. This chapter offers a sectoral analysis of the direction and degree of change evident across nuclear power, renewable energy, coal, electrification, and transport. A key question is the extent to which the politics of energy is democratizing, understood both in terms of an increased ability to influence siting choices for large centralized energy assets and directly owning or using sources of distributed renewable energy such as rooftop solar power.
Organ Transplantation
Authors: Cayon-De Las Cuevas Joaquin , Orentlicher David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the process of organ transplantation, which is different from other therapies in a very important way—there is a persistent and large gap between the need for transplants and the availability of organs. Many more patients need a transplant than can receive one. The shortage of organs is compounded by enormous variability in the donation and transplant activity of different countries. These disparities in access reflect factors that are highly complex and sensitive, including legal, organizational, and cultural. Still, as indicated, the shortage of organs is a global problem that affects all countries, both those that have implemented effective donation and transplant systems and those that still lack them. Accordingly, in the regulation of organ transplantation, considerable attention is paid to strategies for increasing the organ supply and policies for allocating the organs that are available.
Fantasias on a Theme by Walt Disney
Authors: Summers Tim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates listening to music in video games by proposing a model of “playful listening” to show how music creates domains of musical play. The chapter uses case studies of three games all based on Walt Disney’s Fantasia (1940/1999) films: Atari 2600 (1983), Sega Mega Drive/Genesis (1991), Microsoft Xbox Kinect (2014). Each Fantasia game highlights these fields of musical play in different ways. Games like the Fantasia titles make obvious how listening to music can be playful (even outside games). When we listen for how music “plays out,” we are engaging with the implied possibilities of the music, its “potential to be otherwise”; the music generates a field of potential sounding forms, only one of which is realized and fulfilled in performance. Games, and these games in particular, encourage us to listen playfully, and to enjoy the dynamic relationships of listening, in-game and outside, on-screen and off.
Music and the Use of the Profits of the Anglo-American Slave Economy (ca. 1610–c. 1810)
Authors: Hunter David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the era of the Anglo-American slave trade ca. 1610–ca. 1810, music itself offered few opportunities for immense financial gain. By contrast, the slave trade (transatlantic, intra-coastal, and local) and the use of slave labor (not just on plantations but also in manufacturing, small businesses, and domestically) provided profits to owners who put some of that surplus into fostering musical activities such as purchasing lessons, instruments, and scores; subscribing to opera and concert seasons; hiring musicians; and even buying a musical prodigy—Muzio Clementi—from his father in Rome. In addition to considering the opportunities afforded individual owners and families by slave-derived wealth, this chapter brings to the fore theories of the commercialization of consumption, capitalism, and the development of empire. It points to the use of slave-related products such as ivory on musical instruments. It demonstrates how significant slavery’s investors were to the establishment of the Royal Academy of Music in London, the first opera company to be chartered as a business. It identifies professional and amateur musicians who were slave owners. These previously unknown or disregarded links between slavery and the musical world of the nascent British empire are laid bare for the first time.
Confucianism and Intergenerational Ethics
Authors: Hourdequin Marion , Wong David B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains how early Confucianism can ground a distinctly relational perspective on intergenerational ethics. The Analects of Confucius foregrounds intergenerational relations by rooting ethics in relationships between parents and children and presenting as moral exemplars sage-kings from generations ago. From a Confucian point of view, persons are understood as persons-in-relation, embedded in networks of connection across space and time. Self-cultivation thus involves taking one’s place in a community where one’s own identity and welfare are deeply bound to those of others. In this view, gratitude and reciprocity emerge as central values. A Confucian understanding of gratitude and reciprocity involves not only dyadic relations but broader connections within a temporally extended social web. Thus, Confucian reciprocity might involve honoring one’s parents by nurturing one’s own children in turn or expressing gratitude for what past generations have provided by ensuring that future generations can flourish. Genuine ethical relations between current and future generations reflect care and concern for ongoing human communities; for the triad of heaven, earth, and humanity; and for realization of the Dao in the world.
A History of Biblical Interpretation in China
Authors: Yieh John Y. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since its first Protestant translation by Robert Morrison in 1823, the Chinese Bible has been earnestly used for devotional and apologetical purposes by Chinese Christians. This essay discusses why it is necessary to construct a history of biblical interpretation in China now and suggests how best to conceive it and what to include. A history of biblical interpretation has historical and hermeneutical value and it may help clarify three elements of “Chinese biblical interpretation.” It can be divided into four stages of development in correlation to the radical changes in national history and the main challenges in church history, to provide proper socio-historical contexts. For basic content, it should assess major interpreters and influential approaches in four settings, i.e. translation, church, society, and universities and discuss four inquiries regarding its reception, interpretation, appropriation, and consequence in China.
The Bible and Calligraphy in China
Authors: Shuai Jeremiah Zhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In China, calligraphy has become an important element of Christian art and Christian localization in the proclamation of the gospel. This essay surveys the history and characteristics of Nestorian, Catholic, and Protestant use and understanding of calligraphy in relation to Scriptures and textual meaning. Since “holy words” have transcendental characteristics in Christianity, and the Chinese language itself is combined with its visual form, so the holy words in the Bible expressed by Chinese calligraphy have an ontological meaning of “incarnation.” To many Chinese Christians, the Chinese people’s aesthetic pursuit of handwriting means that beautiful writing itself reveals and witnesses to God’s glory.
Sacred Images and Space of the Jesuit Churches in Beijing
Authors: Wang Lianming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay revisits the Jesuit churches in Beijing in order to address both the spatial engagement of Christian sacred images and the way Christian and biblical themes were narrated and perceived in the church space. It first discusses the availability of Christian iconographies and their hierarchical usage in gendered church spaces. It then demonstrates the ways the altarpieces and the trompe l’oeil murals were arranged into defined iconographic programs in the reevaluation of their architectural contexts. Through a close reading of contemporary travel writings, this essay concludes by presenting a larger picture of various types of Christian sacred images in Chinese perceptions of Christianity.
Biblical Ecclesiology and the Chinese Church
Authors: Liu Evan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The challenge of the Chinese Church is to explore an innovative and effective operational model of its own. This essay studies the phenomenon of the Chinese Church in mainland China but does not include those in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. It discusses the complexity of Chinese churches as they have survived and thrived over the centuries and explores the compatibility of Chinese Christians’ religious experiences with the biblical tradition of the church. It surveys the rise, the struggle, the mission, and the hope of the following churches in China: Chinese Three-Self Patriotic Protestant (TSP), Protestant Family Churches, Catholic Churches, and Russian Orthodox Churches.
Chinese Jingjiao and the Antiochene Exegesis
Authors: Zhu Donghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay illustrates how the Antiochene approach has been the most central tradition of Chinese Jingjiao theology and exegetics. The Jingjiao-hermeneutical lens continues the legacy of the Antiochene School, evident in its exegesis toward literary, literal, and historical interpretations of the name “Jingjiao 景教” and of the central christological passages of Philippians 2:5–11, where the expression “nap̄šeh sareq” (emptied Himself) was interpreted in the Antiochene way as 戢隱 nap̄šeh tašši (hid Himself). This study also serves to show the Diatessaron’s profound influence upon the Chinese Dunhuang document, Xuting Mishisuo Jing 序聽迷詩所經 (Jesus Messiah Sūtra), and to show the authenticity of this Chinese Diatessaronic text while highlighting its value to the study of Bible versions.
Early Miocene Post-collision Andesite in the Takab Area, NW Iran
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Daneshvar Narges , Mohammadi Asrin , Asahara Yoshihiro , Whattam Scott A , Tsuboi Motohiro , Minami Masayo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Miocene magmatic rocks are exposed as lava flows (OKV group), subvolcanic rocks (SRG group), and as lavas interbedded with shallow-basin sedimentary layers (TVN group) in the Takab area, NW Iran. Zircon U–Pb dating yields ages of 18 to 15 Ma. Whole-rock chemistry shows that most of the Early Miocene magmatic rocks are andesite with subordinate dacite. The magmatic rocks have low contents of MgO, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb and Ta, and high concentrations of Li, large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, K and Ba, and light rare earth elements. The OKV and SRG groups have similar initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0·70557–0·70768) and εNd(t) values (+1·0 to +2·2). The TVN group show larger variations of 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios from 0·70628 to 0·71033 and εNd(t) values from –3·8 to +1·6. This implies a greater role of involvement of supra-crustal domains in the evolution of the TVN group relative to the SRG and OKV groups. Early Miocene magmatic rocks in the Takab area are situated between the Sanandaj–Saqqez Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesite in the SW and the Late Eocene–Oligocene (35–27 Ma) ocean island basalt-like Mianeh–Hashtrood magmatic belt of possible back-arc affinity in the NE. In addition, Late Eocene (40–37 Ma) syn-collision granites in the Baneh–Marivan area along the Zagros suture zone along the west side of the Sanandaj–Saqqez Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesite body indicate that collision of the Arabian Plate and the NW Iran Block occurred in the Late Eocene. These observations support the idea that Early Miocene andesites (18–15 Ma) in the Takab area were generated after collision, which was also associated with doubling of the thickness of the continental crust in the Zagros suture zone, thinning of continental crust far from the Zagros suture zone, and development of shallow-basin sedimentary rocks in NW Iran. Partial melting of mafic calc-alkaline bodies at depth or highly metasomatized fossil mantle owing to thinning of continental crust and asthenospheric upwelling may represent possible sources for the Late Miocene andesite. We conclude that andesitic rocks, even with typical arc signatures, are not always generated in an active margin and that some were probably generated in a post-collision tectonic regime. Misinterpretation of the arc signature can result in erroneous assumptions as to the geodynamic regime, and in the particular case of NW Iran, the timing of collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates.
TheArabidopsismediator complex subunit 8 regulates oxidative stress responses
Authors: He Huaming , Denecker Jordi , Van Der Kelen Katrien , Willems Patrick , Pottie Robin , Phua Su Yin , Hannah Matthew A , Vertommen Didier , Van Breusegem Frank , Mhamdi Amna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSignaling events triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) regulate plant growth and defense by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. However, the specific mechanisms that govern H2O2-dependent gene expression are still poorly understood. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis Mediator complex subunit MED8 as a regulator of H2O2 responses. The introduction of the med8 mutation in a constitutive oxidative stress genetic background (catalase-deficient, cat2) was associated with enhanced activation of the salicylic acid pathway and accelerated cell death. Interestingly, med8 seedlings were more tolerant to oxidative stress generated by the herbicide methyl viologen (MV) and exhibited transcriptional hyperactivation of defense signaling, in particular salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-related pathways. The med8-triggered tolerance to MV was manipulated by the introduction of secondary mutations in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways. In addition, analysis of the Mediator interactome revealed interactions with components involved in mRNA processing and microRNA biogenesis, hence expanding the role of Mediator beyond transcription. Notably, MED8 interacted with the transcriptional regulator NEGATIVE ON TATA-LESS, NOT2, to control the expression of H2O2-inducible genes and stress responses. Our work establishes MED8 as a component regulating oxidative stress responses and demonstrates that it acts as a negative regulator of H2O2-driven activation of defense gene expression.
Global Imbalances and Policy Wars at the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Caballero Ricardo J , Farhi Emmanuel , Gourinchas Pierre-Olivier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the consequences of extremely low real interest rates in a world with integrated but heterogeneous capital markets, nominal rigidities, and an effective lower bound [a zero lower bound (ZLB) for simplicity]. We establish four main results: (1) At the ZLB, creditor countries export their recession abroad, which we illustrate with a new Metzler diagram in quantities; (2) Beggar-thy-neighbour currency and trade wars provide stimulus to the undertaking country at the expense of other countries; (3) (Safe) public debt issuances and increases in government spending anywhere are expansionary everywhere; and (4) When there is a scarcity of safe assets, net issuers of these assets import the recession from abroad.