bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical Disparities in HIV Seroprevalence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and People Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
Authors: Onovo Amobi , Kalaiwo Abiye , Katbi Moses , Ogorry Otse , Jaquet Antoine , Keiser Olivia 
Published: May 2021

Background
The assessment of geographical heterogeneity of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWID) can usefully inform targeted HIV prevention and care strategies.

Objective
We aimed to measure HIV seroprevalence and identify hotspots of HIV infection among MSM and PWID in Nigeria.

Methods
We included all MSM and PWID accessing HIV testing services across 7 prioritized states (Lagos, Nasarawa, Akwa Ibom, Cross Rivers, Rivers, Benue, and the Federal Capital Territory) in 3 geographic regions (North Central, South South, and South West) between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2017. We extracted data from national testing registers, georeferenced all HIV test results aggregated at the local government area level, and calculated HIV seroprevalence. We calculated and compared HIV seroprevalence from our study to the 2014 integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey and used global spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis to highlight patterns of HIV infection and identify areas of significant clustering of HIV cases.

Results
MSM and PWID had HIV seroprevalence rates of 12.14% (3209/26,423) and 11.88% (1126/9474), respectively. Global spatial autocorrelation Moran I statistics revealed a clustered distribution of HIV infection among MSM and PWID with a <5% and <1% likelihood that this clustered pattern could be due to chance, respectively. Significant clusters of HIV infection (Getis-Ord-Gi* statistics) confined to the North Central and South South regions were identified among MSM and PWID. Compared to the 2014 integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey, our results suggest an increased HIV seroprevalence among PWID and a substantial decrease among MSM.

Conclusions
This study identified geographical areas to prioritize for control of HIV infection among MSM and PWID, thus demonstrating that geographical information system technology is a useful tool to inform public health planning for interventions targeting epidemic control of HIV infection.
Unique Internet Search Strategies of Individuals With Self-Stated Autism: Quantitative Analysis of Search Engine Users’ Investigative Behaviors
Authors: Yechiam Eldad , Yom-Tov Elad 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough autism is often characterized in literature by the presence of repetitive behavior, in structured decision tasks, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to examine more options in a given time period than controls.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine whether this investigative tendency emerges in information searches conducted via the internet.MethodsIn total, 1746 search engine users stated that they had ASD in 2019. This group’s naturally occurring responses following 1491 unique general queries and 78 image queries were compared to those of all other users of the search engine. The main dependent measure was scrolled distance, which denoted the extent to which additional results were scanned beyond the initial results presented on-screen. Additionally, we examined the number of clicks on search results as an indicator of the degree of search outcome exploitation and assessed whether there was a trade-off between increased search range and the time invested in viewing initial search results.ResultsAfter issuing general queries, individuals with self-stated ASD scanned more results than controls. The scrolled distance in the results page of general queries was 45% larger for the group of individuals with ASD (P<.001; d=0.45). The group of individuals with ASD also made the first scroll faster than the controls (P<.001; d=0.51). The differences in scrolled distance were larger for popular queries. No group differences in scrolled distance emerged for image queries, suggesting that visual load impeded the investigative behavior of individuals with ASD. No differences emerged in the number of clicks on search results.ConclusionsIndividuals who self-stated that they had ASD scrutinized more general search results and fewer image search results than the controls. Thus, our results at least partially support the notion that individuals with ASD exhibit investigative behaviors and suggest that textual searches are an important context for expressing such tendencies.
Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Health-Economic Evaluation From the Societal and Public Health Care Perspective Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Buntrock Claudia , Lehr Dirk , Smit Filip , Horvath Hanne , Berking Matthias , Spiegelhalder Kai , Riper Heleen , Ebert David Daniel 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe evidence base for internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (iCBT-I) is firm; however, little is known about iCBT-I’s health-economic effects.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost–utility of iCBT-I in reducing insomnia among schoolteachers.MethodsSchoolteachers (N=128) with clinically significant insomnia symptoms and work-related rumination were randomized to guided iCBT-I or a wait list control group, both with unrestricted access to treatment as usual. Health care use, patient and family expenditures, and productivity losses were self-assessed and used for costing from a societal and a public health care perspective. Costs were related to symptom-free status (score <8 on the insomnia severity index) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Sampling error was handled using nonparametric bootstrapping.ResultsStatistically significant differences favoring the intervention group were found for both health outcomes (symptom-free status yes or no: β=.30; 95% CI 0.16-0.43; QALYs: β=.019, 95% CI 0.01-0.03). From a societal perspective, iCBT-I had a 94% probability of dominating the wait list control for both health outcomes. From a public health care perspective, iCBT-I was more effective but also more expensive than the wait list control, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €650 per symptom-free individual. In terms of QALYs, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €11,285. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of €20,000 per QALY gained, the intervention’s probability of being cost-effective was 89%.ConclusionsOur trial indicates that iCBT could be considered as a good value-for-money intervention for insomnia.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trial Registry: DRKS00004700; https://tinyurl.com/2nnk57jmInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/1745-6215-14-169
Functionalities and Issues in the Implementation of Personal Health Records: Systematic Review
Authors: Harahap Nabila Clydea , Handayani Putu Wuri , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar 
Published: May 2021

Background
Functionalities of personal health record (PHR) are evolving, and continued discussions about PHR functionalities need to be performed to keep it up-to-date. Technological issues such as nonfunctional requirements should also be discussed in the implementation of PHR.

Objective
This study systematically reviewed the main functionalities and issues in implementing the PHR.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search is performed using the online databases Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed for English journal articles and conference proceedings published between 2015 and 2020.

Results
A total of 105 articles were selected in the review. Seven function categories were identified in this review, which is grouped into basic and advanced functions. Health records and administrative records were grouped into basic functions. Medication management, communication, appointment management, education, and self-health monitoring were grouped into advanced functions. The issues found in this study include interoperability, security and privacy, usability, data quality, and personalization.

Conclusions
In addition to PHR basic and advanced functions, other supporting functionalities may also need to be developed based on the issues identified in this study. This paper provides an integrated PHR architectural model that describes the functional requirements and data sources of PHRs.
Recursive Partitioning vs Computerized Adaptive Testing to Reduce the Burden of Health Assessments in Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Comparative Simulation Study
Authors: Harrison Conrad J , Sidey-Gibbons Chris J , Klassen Anne F , Wong Riff Karen W Y , Furniss Dominic , Swan Marc C , Rodrigues Jeremy N 
Published: May 2021

Background
Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has been shown to deliver short, accurate, and personalized versions of the CLEFT-Q patient-reported outcome measure for children and young adults born with a cleft lip and/or palate. Decision trees may integrate clinician-reported data (eg, age, gender, cleft type, and planned treatments) to make these assessments even shorter and more accurate.

Objective
We aimed to create decision tree models incorporating clinician-reported data into adaptive CLEFT-Q assessments and compare their accuracy to traditional CAT models.

Methods
We used relevant clinician-reported data and patient-reported item responses from the CLEFT-Q field test to train and test decision tree models using recursive partitioning. We compared the prediction accuracy of decision trees to CAT assessments of similar length. Participant scores from the full-length questionnaire were used as ground truth. Accuracy was assessed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient of predicted and ground truth scores, mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test comparing squared error.

Results
Decision trees demonstrated poorer accuracy than CAT comparators and generally made data splits based on item responses rather than clinician-reported data.

Conclusions
When predicting CLEFT-Q scores, individual item responses are generally more informative than clinician-reported data. Decision trees that make binary splits are at risk of underfitting polytomous patient-reported outcome measure data and demonstrated poorer performance than CATs in this study.
Ecological Momentary Assessment and mHealth Interventions Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Scoping Review
Authors: Clark Viktor , Kim Sunny Jung 
Published: May 2021

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a research design that allows for the measurement of nearly instantaneous experiences within the participant’s natural environment. Using EMA can help improve recall bias, ecological validity, and patient engagement while enhancing personalization and the ubiquity of interventions. People that can benefit from the use of EMA are men who have sex with men (MSM). Previous EMA studies have been successful in capturing patterns of depression, anxiety, substance use, and risky sexual behavior. These findings are directly relevant to MSM, who have high rates of each of these psychological and behavioral outcomes. Although there is a driving force behind the growing literature surrounding EMAs among MSM, no synthesizing reviews yet exist.

Objective
The aims of this study were to (1) synthesize the literature across fields on how EMA methods have been used among MSM, (2) better understand the feasibility and acceptability of EMA interventions among MSM, and (3) inform designs for future research studies on best evidence-based practices for EMA interventions.

Methods
Based on 4 library databases, we conducted a scoping review of EMAs used within interventions among MSM. The eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed studies conducted in the United States and the use of EMA methodology in an intervention for MSM. Modeling after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Compendium of Evidence-Based Interventions as the framework, we applied a typology that used 8 distinct review criteria, for example, sample size, design of the intervention, random assignment, design of the follow-up investigation, rate of retention, and rate of engagement.

Results
Our results (k=15, N=952) indicated a range of sample sizes; the smallest sample size was 12, while the largest sample size was 120. Of the 15 studies, 7 (47%) focused on outcomes related to substance use or outcomes related to psychological experiences. Of the 15 studies, 5 (33%) implemented an EMA intervention across 30 days. Of the 15 studies, 2 studies (13%) used random assignment, and 2 studies (13%) had quasi-experimental designs. Of the 15 studies, 10 studies (67%) reported acceptable retention rates greater than 70%. The outcomes that had event-contingent prompts (ie, prompts after engaging in substance use) were not as effective in engaging participants, with overall engagement rates as low as 37%.

Conclusions
Our systematic scoping review indicates strong evidence that the EMA methodology is both feasible and acceptable at high rates among MSM, especially, when examining psychological and behavioral outcomes such as negative or positive affect, risky sexual behavior, or substance use. Further research on optimal designs of EMA interventions for MSM is warranted.
Australian Children's Exposure to, and Engagement With, Web-Based Marketing of Food and Drink Brands: Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Kelly Bridget , Bosward Rebecca , Freeman Becky 
Published: May 2021

Background
Food is one of the most frequently promoted commodities, and promoted foods are overwhelmingly unhealthy. Marketing normalizes unhealthy foods, creates a positive brand image, and encourages overconsumption. Limited research is available to describe the extent of food marketing to children on web-based media, and measuring actual exposure is challenging.

Objective
This study aims to monitor the extent of children’s exposure to web-based media food marketing as an essential step in increasing the accountability of industry and governments to protect children.

Methods
Children aged 13-17 years were recruited from October 2018 to March 2019. Children recorded their mobile device screen for 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day any time they visited relevant web-based platforms. After each day, the participants uploaded the video files to a secure server. Promoted products were defined using the World Health Organization European Region nutrient profile model.

Results
The sample of 95 children uploaded 267.8 hours of video data. Children saw a median of 17.4 food promotions each hour on the internet. Considering the usual time spent on the internet on mobile devices, children would be exposed to a median of 168.4 food promotions on the web on mobile devices per week, 99.5 of which would not be permitted to be marketed based on nutrient profiling criteria. Most promotions (2613/4446, 58.77%) were peer endorsed and derived from third-party sources.

Conclusions
Exposure to brand content that is seemingly endorsed by peers or web-based communities likely heightens the effects of marketing on children. Regulations to protect children from this marketing must extend beyond paid advertising to paid content in posts generated through web-based communities and influencers.
Early Humoral Responses of Hemodialysis Patients after COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2
Authors: Speer Claudius , Göth Daniel , Benning Louise , Buylaert Mirabel , Schaier Matthias , Grenz Julia , Nusshag Christian , Kälble Florian , Kreysing Martin , Reichel Paula , Töllner Maximilian , Hidmark Asa , Ponath Gerald , Schnitzler Paul , Zeier Martin , Süsal Caner , Morath Christian , Klein Katrin 
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives
Patients receiving hemodialysis are at high risk for both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019. A lifesaving vaccine is available, but sensitivity to vaccines is generally lower in patients on dialysis. Little is yet known about antibody responses after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in this vulnerable group.

Design, setting, participants, and measurements
In this prospective single-center study, we included 22 patients on dialysis and 46 healthy controls from Heidelberg University Hospital between December 2020 and February 2021. We measured anti-S1 IgG with a threshold index for detection greater than one, neutralizing antibodies with a threshold for viral neutralization of ≥30%, and antibodies against different SARS-CoV2 fragments 17–22 days after the first dose and 18–22 days after the second dose of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2.

Results
After the first vaccine dose, four of 22 (18%) patients on dialysis compared with 43 of 46 (93%) healthy controls developed positive anti-S1 IgG, with a median anti-S1 IgG index of 0.2 (interquartile range, 0.1–0.7) compared with nine (interquartile range, 4–16), respectively. SARS-CoV2 neutralizing antibodies exceeded the threshold for neutralization in four of 22 (18%) patients on dialysis compared with 43 of 46 (93%) healthy controls, with a median percent inhibition of 11 (interquartile range, 3–24) compared with 65 (interquartile range, 49–75), respectively. After the second dose, 14 of 17 (82%) patients on dialysis developed neutralizing antibodies exceeding the threshold for viral neutralization and antibodies against the receptor binding S1 domain of the spike protein, compared with 46 of 46 (100%) healthy controls, respectively. The median percent inhibition was 51 (interquartile range, 32–86) compared with 98 (interquartile range, 97–98) in healthy controls.

Conclusions
Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis show a reduced antibody response to the first and second doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2. The majority (82%) develop neutralizing antibodies after the second dose but at lower levels than healthy controls.
Implementation of the
Connect for Health
pediatric weight management program: study protocol and baseline characteristics
Authors: Simione Meg , Farrar-Muir Haley , Mini Fernanda Neri , Perkins Meghan E , Luo Man , Frost Holly , Orav E John , Metlay Joshua , Zai Adrian H , Kistin Caroline J , Sease Kerry , Hambidge Simon J , Taveras Elsie M ,   the Connect for Health Collaborative
Published: May 2021

We are implementing
Connect for Health
, a primary care-based intervention to improve family-centered outcomes for children, ages 2–12 years, in organizations that care for low-income children. We will use the ‘Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance’ framework to guide our mixed-methods evaluation to examine the effectiveness of stakeholder-informed strategies in supporting program adoption and child outcomes. We also describe characteristics of children, ages 2–12 years with a BMI ≥85th percentile and obesity-related care practices. During the period prior to implementation, 26,161 children with a BMI ≥85th percentile were seen for a primary care visit and a majority lacked recommended diagnosis codes, referrals and laboratory evaluations. The findings suggest the need to augment current approaches to increase uptake of proven-effective weight management programs.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT04042493
(Clinicaltrials.gov)
, Registered on 2 August 2019;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04042493
.
Le microalghe e i fotobioreattori: il futuro legato alla cattura della CO2
Authors: Gabriele Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

Le emissioni di biossido di carbonio (CO) sono la
problematica principale alla base dei cambiamenti climatici e sono
dannose per la salute dell’uomo. Per ridurre tale concentrazione si è
sperimentato l’utilizzo di microalghe.
Le microalghe sono i microrganismi più importanti negli ecosistemi
acquatici per il bilancio globale del carbonio e sono fondamentali per
la cattura e la bioconversione dell’anidride carbonica
(CO) in energia. Le microalghe vengono coltivate nei
fotobioreattori, sistemi chiusi e aperti che permettono alle microalghe
di crescere e assorbire la CO. Un’ulteriore tipologia
di fotobioreattore molto utilizzato è quella a membrana (MPBR).
Uno sviluppo futuro importante legato ai fotobioreattori e alle
microalghe potrebbe essere quello di unire i due tipi di sistemi, aperti
e chiusi, riuscendo a minimizzare i costi dell’impianto e a permettere
una coltivazione su scala industriale.
MODERNIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL HORIZONTAL AUTOCLAVE
Authors: Tlepov Emil Viktorovich , Romanenko Nickolay Gennadievich , Golovko Sergey Vladimirovich 
Published: May 2021

The article considers the problems of raising the efficiency of energy resources spent on the operation of a horizontal industrial autoclave, improving the quality of sterilized products and reducing the number of spoiled products. The analysis of the problems in automation control systems has been carried out and the shortcomings of the automatic control systems of technological process of canned food sterilization have been revealed. There has been described in detail the hierarchical structure of the autoclave control system. The main blockages caused by the pressure drop in air-main, water-main and steam-main are indicated. A detailed description of the cooling tower structure is given, the principle of cooling the circulating water and its supply to the consumer is analyzed. Within the framework of solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of energy resources and based on the technical characteristics, throughput and heat transfer coefficient, it is proposed to use
a plate heat exchanger. There is described its operation principle, which includes heating the incoming water to a predetermined temperature and cooling it at the end of the sterilization cycle. The combined use of a cooling tower and a heat exchanger will help to greatly reduce the energy costs, because the water used in the sterilization process will not drain into the general sewer at the end of the process, but will be cooled in a cooling tower and supplied to cool the autoclaves. When heated, the live steam won’t go directly into the autoclave, but will be fed into a heat exchanger to heat the circulating water, which will significantly reduce the overheating of the sterilized product
INTERNET RESOURCES IN LEARNING ENGLISH HISTORICAL TEXTS READING
Authors: Ryabtseva Irina Gennadievna , Magamedli Naile Makhir gizi 
Published: May 2021

The article considers reading as one of the most important types of communicative and cognitive activity. Reading is a means of information and educational activities, as well as a means
of studying the national language and languages and cultures of other peoples. With the development of the Internet, the opportunities for learning foreign languages, including English, have increased significantly. As English is spoken internationally, the Internet space is filled with information
in English, which also fulfills the teaching role at the educational institutions. There have been considered the online resources that can help in teaching and learning a foreign language
Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture
Authors: Varga Adrián 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We live in the times of climate change when global temperatures are constantly rising. The impacts of climate change will also be felt in agriculture in Slovakia: increased productivity and yields in colder areas, reduced production in warmer areas due to temperature stress, risk of erosion as a result of more extreme weather conditions (stronger winds, more intense precipitation), the occurrence of new pests etc. Hence, we should be prepared for adaptation measures that would help mitigate it. The aim of this paper is to present the impacts of climate change on agriculture and land, and to offer adaptation measures, and show the prognosis of the climate indicator Ts >10 °C from now until 2100.