bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of microwave broadband CMOS transmitter and receiver circuits for MIR and ECEI plasma diagnostics
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhu Yilun , Yu Jo-Han , Ye Yu , Yu Guanying , Liu Xianzi , Domier Calvin , Luhmann Neville C. 
Published: April 2021

To efficiently determine the plasma electron density fluctuations using the MIR diagnostic technique, a 55–75 GHz 65 nm-CMOS transmitter has been developed where four separate intermediate frequency (IF) signals are up-converted, amplified, and then combined to generate an 8-tone RF output; a broadband 90 nm-CMOS receiver has also been constructed, which consists of an RF-low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, and IF amplifier. The circuits and their corresponding modules will soon be deployed on the DIII-D and NSTX-U fusion devices. A 110–140 GHz 65 nm-CMOS receiver has also been designed, which is suitable for measuring the deep-core temperature fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak using the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic system. In addition to the RF-LNA/balun, mixer, and IF amplifier, an LO balun/tripler and driving amplifier are now included in this highly integrated circuit chip. By adopting the microwave and millimeter-wave system-on-chip concept in the front-end system design, this paper demonstrates that compact transmitter and receiver modules can be easily built, which, in turn, facilitates array implementation and maintenance.
Application of the evolutionary kinetic Monte Carlo method for the simulation of anisotropic wet etching of sapphire
Authors: Wu Guorong , Xing Yan , Chen Ye , Zhou Zai-Fa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the simple, rejection-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method is applied for the approximate simulation of the etch rates and three-dimensional etch structures during anisotropic wet etching of sapphire. Based on the analysis of the composition of the atomic structure of sapphire, a model of the simplified atomic structure of sapphire is proposed, which reduces the difficulty of classifying types of surface atoms on the different crystallographic planes. This enables adopting a previously proposed six-index classification method (to differentiate effectively between the various surface atoms of sapphire) and a previously proposed removal probability function (RPF) (to link the removal probability of the surface atom with the configuration of its neighbors). By reducing errors between simulated rates and experimental rates of 11 typical crystallographic planes in the <−1 1 0 0> and <1 1 −2 0> crystallographic zones continuously with an evolutionary algorithm, reasonable values of nine energy parameters of the RPF are obtained. The simulated results describe approximately the experimental counterparts.
An analytical model for electron tunneling in triangular quantum wells
Authors: Mahajan Ashutosh , Ganguly Swaroop 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An analytical expression for the decay rate of quasi-bound states (QBS) in a triangular quantum well is derived by considering the resonance scattering of particles from the triangular potential profile. Asymptotic properties of the Airy functions that are solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a linear or triangular potential and a perturbative expansion for a small broadening of the QBS are utilized to derive the expression for its location E
0 as well as the decay rate Γ that further gives the net tunneling current from the well. The triangular well model is commonly used to represent the band-bending near a heterojunction due to the electrostatic field. This compact expression shows excellent agreement with a full numerical solver and improvement over Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin based calculations is demonstrated.
Interface control and electron transport in ALD ZnO/Al2O3 TFTs studied by gated Hall effect
Authors: Anders J , Leedy K , Kazimierczuk M , Schuette M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many challenges exist in understanding transport properties in metal-oxide thin film transistors (MO-TFTs). Microstructural disorder, dielectric/active layer interface trap states, and grain boundaries contribute to reductions in device properties such as transistor output current, mobility, and sheet carrier concentration. In this work, we use scheduled interruptions during atomic layer deposition combined with a series of thermal anneals to control properties of ZnO/

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TFTs, and to experimentally decouple physical effects within the TFT affecting device performance. Using concurrent current–voltage and gated Hall effect measurements, we observe two sets of trends for these devices. In the first, increasing post-temperature anneal is shown to improve the device characteristics by reducing grain boundary effects. In the second, exposure to ambient conditions is shown to increase the number of interface trap states. Comparisons of measured values show that these trap states enhance some properties of the lower temperature annealed series, while degrading these values in the higher temperature annealed series. We show that this is due to devices acting in two separate transport regimes: localized, and non-localized. We investigate the position of the Fermi level, adjusted by gate bias, to these two regimes under each test condition, and suggest a simple model to describe the results.
Assessment of ultrasonic properties of an agarose phantom at the frequency range 2.25 MHz to 10 MHz
Authors: de Assis Mylena Kathleen M. , Souza Raquel M. , Costa-Félix Rodrigo P. B. , Alvarenga André V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Agarose-based phantoms are widely used to evaluate ultrasonic equipment used for diagnosis. Many studies report phantom’s ultrasonic characteristics as a function of frequency, mainly sound velocity and attenuation, but a metrological approach is not widely spread. The current paper reports attenuation coefficient (Att-c) and speed of sound (SoS) in an agarose-based phantom as a function of the diagnostically used frequency, ranging from 2.25 MHz to 10 MHz, at 21 °C. The pulse-echo method was applied to measure the ultrasonic properties. The measurements were performed under repeatability conditions (no = 4) and the expanded uncertainties of the measurements were estimated thereafter. It was observed that there was no statistical difference among the values of SoS (average of 1,540.3 m s-1) for all frequencies, in which the maximum E<sub>n</sub> = 0.98. The SoS result with the highest uncertainty was of 1,538.7 m s-1 ± 3.8 m s-1 (k = 2; coverage probability p = 0.95). Att-c increases as a power function of frequency (Att-c = f
109; α0 = 0.573; R2 = 0.9995. A survey of the literature was made and it was found that Att-c values obtained in this research are consistent with the previously reported. Based on the SoS, this study draws attention to the importance of performing a statistical test to assess the consistency of the results.
Hydrostatic buoyancy alternative correction for weighing using high-resolution single-pan balances
Authors: Beatrici C P , Beatrici A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work we compare some methods of buoyancy corrections applied to sample weighing that require a high accuracy results. We also established and disseminate the fundamentals for a better understanding of this phenomenon. An alternative approach was applied to find a buoyancy correction equation adapted to single-pan balances. The results show a good compatibility between two of these buoyancy corrections. The approach advantage is to keep the mathematical formalism adapted to the single-pan balance measurement procedure, dislike the others methods that developed its formalism based in the equations adapted to the double-pan balances.
Analysis of the process of laser ablation of marble surfaces
Authors: Lazov L , Tsvyatkov P , Angelov N , Balchev I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, laser surface treatment of stones has gained increasing scientific interest. New technologies and processes based on different types of laser sources and processing modes are being studied. This report examines the process of laser ablation of a marble surface using a fiber laser. Three factors influencing the process of laser marking and engraving were studied: laser power, processing speed and step between raster lines. The functional dependencies between these factors and the contrast of the obtained graphic image are established. The optimal operating intervals for this group of technological parameters are analyzed. Thanks to the very-high-definition laser ablation, inscriptions, drawings and images can be re-created and processed with unique accuracy. In addition, the reduction of manufacturing time and resources used in the process makes this technology an environmentally-friendly and extremely cost-efficient solution.
Research on Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Kuang Chuwen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Network attacks are a serious problem in today’s information society. Intrusion detection systems are an important guarantee for network security. The core of IDS is the intrusion detection algorithm. Under the current new situation of network security protection, traditional signature-based misuse detection algorithms cannot solve the problem of rapidly changing forms of network attacks. Machine learning and data mining methods have been widely used in attack detection in the network environment to improve the detection rate. Based on the in-depth analysis and research of deep learning models and intrusion detection methods, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network abnormal traffic detection model based on dynamic adaptive pooling for the pooling layer can only use one fixed method for down sampling, and proposed an abnormal traffic detection framework and a dynamic adaptive CNN model. Experimental analysis shows that the method proposed in this paper shows better detection accuracy and loss value in traffic detection.
Application Research of Cognitive Linguistics Based on Big Data Internet Corpus Construction
Authors: Xu Jianbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Corpus plays a very important role in language research. With the development and application of computer technology, database has been widely used in linguistic research, and it shows a strong advantage in the collection, processing and processing of corpus. Corpora, which collect and organize a large amount of language information in real use, have become an important tool for linguists to conduct academic research.
Chinese image caption of Inceptionv4 and double-layer GRUs based on attention mechanism
Authors: Pan Yongbin , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai , Gan Xiuling , Hong Liangyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a wave of research on English image caption at home and abroad. However, due to the particularity of Chinese image caption task, the research on Chinese image caption has not made good progress. In order to solve this problem, a new Chinese image caption model is implemented. Firstly, the AI challenge dataset is enhanced, and then the Chinese text data of the dataset is preprocessed by Chinese word segmentation tool word2vec. Secondly, based on the encoder-decoder framework, the image visual features are extracted by Inceptionv4 network, the attention mechanism is incorporated in the process of feature extraction and the Chinese sentences are generated by double-layer GRUs network. In the process of training, Adam is used to optimize the algorithm. Finally, A GUI interface is designed to better show the experimental effect. Experiments show that the new Chinese image caption model can automatically generate more fluent and more accurate Chinese caption sentences, and the trained model has excellent performance in many evaluation indexes.
Fast target recognition and location based on graph model and point cloud model
Authors: Zhao Yuntao , Hu Jiaming , Li Weigang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When using the point cloud model to identify and locate the target, there are some problems, such as low recognition accuracy and slow positioning speed. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a fast target recognition and location method based on point cloud model and graph model, which combines the characteristics of graph model processing speed, algorithm efficiency and recognition accuracy. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the target graph model, the pixel coordinates and rotation angle of the target grabbing points are calculated. After the transformation matrix and mapping relationship, the spatial coordinates of the point cloud model are obtained. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are verified by the recognition and positioning experiments on the robot target grabbing platform.
Study on Optimal Operation Mode of One-key Sequence Control in Substation
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Hengxuan , E Shiping , Zhang Kanjun , Chen Qianchen , Hu Xin , Cao Shang , Luo Xiaotong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
At present, some substations have carried out sequential control pilot applications, but there are generally problems such as inconsistent operation methods, narrow operation coverage, incomplete typical functions, and complicated manual intervention links. The article constructs a multi-objective comprehensive evaluation model of operation mode based on the one-key sequential control operation mode of different application scenarios. This article establishes the weights of various indicators including operation efficiency, economic benefits and other factors, conducts a comprehensive evaluation and proposes an optimal operation mode. Through actual cases, the article also analyzes the functional transformation scheme of one-key sequence control technology of intelligent substation.
Congenital Malformations and Perinatal Deaths Among the Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors: A Reappraisal
Authors: Yamada Michiko , Furukawa Kyoji , Tatsukawa Yoshimi , Marumo Keiko , Funamoto Sachiyo , Sakata Ritsu , Ozasa Kotaro , Cullings Harry M , Preston Dale L , Kurttio Paivi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrom 1948 to 1954, the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission conducted a study of pregnancy outcomes among births to atomic bomb survivors (Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan) who had received radiation doses ranging from 0 Gy to near-lethal levels. Past reports (1956, 1981, and 1990) on the cohort did not identify significant associations of radiation exposure with untoward pregnancy outcomes, such as major congenital malformations, stillbirths, or neonatal deaths, individually or in aggregate. We reexamined the risk of major congenital malformations and perinatal deaths in the children of atomic bomb survivors (n = 71,603) using fully reconstructed data to minimize the potential for bias, using refined estimates of the gonadal dose from Dosimetry System 2002 and refined analytical methods for characterizing dose-response relationships. The analyses showed that parental exposure to radiation was associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations and perinatal death, but the estimates were imprecise for direct radiation effects, and most were not statistically significant. Nonetheless, the uniformly positive estimates for untoward pregnancy outcomes among children of both maternal and paternal survivors are useful for risk assessment purposes, although extending them to populations other than the atomic bomb survivors comes with uncertainty as to generalizability.
A novel dextrin produced by the enzymatic reaction of 6-α-glucosyltransferase. I. The effect of nonreducing ends of glucose with by α-1,6 bonds on the retrogradation inhibition of high molecular weight dextrin
Authors: Yasuda Akiko , Miyata Manabu , Sano Osamu , Sogo Tatsufumi , Kishishita Seiichiro , Yamamoto Takuo , Aga Hajime , Yamamoto Koryu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We prepared a high-molecular-weight modified dextrin (MWS-1000) from a partial hydrolysate of waxy corn starch with a weight average molecular weight of 1 × 106 (WS-1000) using Paenibacillus alginolyticus PP710 α-glucosyltransferase. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the weight average molecular weight of MWS-1000 was almost the same as that of WS-1000. The side chain lengths of WS-1000 and MWS-1000 after isomaltodextranase digestion were also shown to be similar to each other by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Since MWS-1000 confirmed the presence of α-1,6 bonds by enzyme digestibility, methylation, and 1H-NMR analyses, it was presumed that the structure of MWS-1000 was based on the introduction of α-1,6 glucosyl residues at the nonreducing ends of the partial hydrolysate of waxy corn starch. Furthermore, the MWS-1000 solution was not retrograded even during refrigerated storage or after repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
Performance of Repeat BinaxNOW Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen Testing in a Community Setting, Wisconsin, November 2020–December 2020
Authors: Shah Melisa M , Salvatore Phillip P , Ford Laura , Kamitani Emiko , Whaley Melissa J , Mitchell Kaitlin , Currie Dustin W , Morgan Clint N , Segaloff Hannah E , Lecher Shirley , Somers Tarah , Van Dyke Miriam E , Bigouette John Paul , Delaney Augustina , DaSilva Juliana , O’Hegarty Michelle , Boyle-Estheimer Lauren , Abdirizak Fatima , Karpathy Sandor E , Meece Jennifer , Ivanic Lynn , Goffard Kimberly , Gieryn Doug , Sterkel Alana , Bateman Allen , Kahrs Juliana , Langolf Kimberly , Zochert Tara , Knight Nancy W , Hsu Christopher H , Kirking Hannah L , Tate Jacqueline E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Repeating the BinaxNOW antigen test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using 2 groups of readers within 30 minutes resulted in high concordance (98.9%) in 2110 encounters. Same-day repeat antigen testing did not significantly improve test sensitivity (77.2% to 81.4%) while specificity remained high (99.6%).
Financial markets and Keynes’s long-term expectations
Authors: Basili Marcello , Zappia Carlo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an intuitive way to represent Keynes’s theory of expectations and its implications for financial markets. Further to a suggestion by Ellsberg, a coherent expectational function for the valuation of assets under Keynesian uncertainty is derived. By following the thread that goes from the non-numerical probabilities of the Treatise on Probability to the expectations of the General Theory, this paper suggests that a function accounting for Keynesian expectations can be modelled by using a class of the so-called ε-contaminated probability priors, where the parameter ε is suggestive of the quality of information about the relevant odds.
Methods and rationale of the DISCOVER CKD global observational study
Authors: Pecoits-Filho Roberto , James Glen , Carrero Juan Jesus , Wittbrodt Eric , Fishbane Steven , Sultan Alyshah Abdul , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Hedman Katarina , Kanda Eiichiro , Chen Hungta (Tony) , Kashihara Naoki , Sloand James , Kosiborod Mikhail , Kumar Supriya , Lainscak Mitja , Arnold Matthew , Lam Carolyn S P , Holmqvist Björn , Pollock Carol , Fenici Peter , Stenvinkel Peter , Medin Jennie , Wheeler David C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Real-world data for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), specifically pertaining to clinical management, metabolic control, treatment patterns, quality of life (QoL) and dietary patterns, are limited. Understanding these gaps using real-world, routine care data will improve our understanding of the challenges and consequences faced by patients with CKD, and will facilitate the long-term goal of improving their management and prognosis.

Methods
DISCOVER CKD follows an enriched hybrid study design, with both retrospective and prospective patient cohorts, integrating primary and secondary data from patients with CKD from China, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Data will be prospectively captured over a 3-year period from &gt;1000 patients with CKD who will be followed up for at least 1 year via electronic case report form entry during routine clinical visits and also via a mobile/tablet-based application, enabling the capture of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). In-depth interviews will be conducted in a subset of ∼100 patients. Separately, secondary data will be retrospectively captured from &gt;2 000 000 patients with CKD, extracted from existing datasets and registries.

Results
The DISCOVER CKD program captures and will report on patient demographics, biomarker and laboratory measurements, medical histories, clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, medications, dietary patterns, physical activity and PROs (including QoL and qualitative interviews).

Conclusions
The DISCOVER CKD program will provide contemporary real-world insight to inform clinical practice and improve our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical and economic burden of CKD, as well as determinants of clinical outcomes and PROs from a range of geographical regions in a real-world CKD setting.
Blockchain-based Fair and Decentralized Data Trading Model
Authors: Li Taotao , Li Dequan , Wang Mingsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Data is a kind of important asset in the digital economy and is driving the rise of data markets. Meanwhile, data markets promote data trading efficiently and improve the utilization of data. However, several challenges about data trading need to be addressed. Here, we resolve these challenges via our blockchain-based fair and decentralized data trading model. Disputes about data correctness is settled by the decentralized arbitration mechanism in our model. To ensure the fairness of data trading, we integrate a sale contract and a deterministic public-key encryption algorithm. The decentralization feature of blockchain cuts off the single-point failure for the data trading platform. In addition, we prove that the proposed protocol achieves the desirable security properties that a secure data trading protocol should have. Moreover, utilizing the smart contract in Solidity and program in Java, we implement our model and then evaluate its performance.