bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential and sky coverage for off-axis fringe tracking in optical long baseline interferometry
Authors: Boskri Abdelkarim , Petrov Romain G , El Halkouj Thami , Hadjara Massinissa , Leftley James , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Cruzalèbes Pierre , Ziad Aziz , Carbillet Marcel 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The spectacular results provided by the second-generationVLTI instruments GRAVITY and MATISSE on active galactic nuclei (AGN) trigger and justify a strong increase in the sensitivity limit of optical interferometers. A key component of such an upgrade is off-axis fringe tracking. To evaluate its potential and limitations, we describe and analyse its error budget including fringe sensing precision and temporal, angular and chromatic perturbations of the piston. The global tracking error is computed using standard seeing parameters for different sites, seeing conditions and telescope sizes for the current GRAVITY Fringe Tracker (GFT) and a new concept of Hierarchical Fringe Tracker. Then, it is combined with a large catalogue of guide star candidates from Gaia to produce sky coverage maps that give the probability to find a usable off-axis guide star in any part of the observable sky. These maps can be used to set the specifications of the system, check its sensitivity to seeing conditions, and evaluate the feasibility of science programs. We check the availability of guide stars and the tracking accuracy for a large set of 15 799 Quasars to confirm the feasibility of a large program on Broad Line Regions in the K band with the GFT and show how it can be extended to the L, M, and N bands. Another set of 331 well-characterized nearby AGNs shows the high potential of MATISSE for imaging and characterization of the dust torus in the N band under off-axis tracking on both Unit Telescopes and Auxiliary Telescopes.
Broad Concordance in the Spatial Distribution of Adaptive and Neutral Genetic Variation across an Elevational Gradient in Deer Mice
Authors: Schweizer Rena M , Jones Matthew R , Bradburd Gideon S , Storz Jay F , Senner Nathan R , Wolf Cole , Cheviron Zachary A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When species are continuously distributed across environmental gradients, the relative strength of selection and gene flow shape spatial patterns of genetic variation, potentially leading to variable levels of differentiation across loci. Determining whether adaptive genetic variation tends to be structured differently than neutral variation along environmental gradients is an open and important question in evolutionary genetics. We performed exome-wide population genomic analysis on deer mice sampled along an elevational gradient of nearly 4,000 m of vertical relief. Using a combination of selection scans, genotype−environment associations, and geographic cline analyses, we found that a large proportion of the exome has experienced a history of altitude-related selection. Elevational clines for nearly 30% of these putatively adaptive loci were shifted significantly up- or downslope of clines for loci that did not bear similar signatures of selection. Many of these selection targets can be plausibly linked to known phenotypic differences between highland and lowland deer mice, although the vast majority of these candidates have not been reported in other studies of highland taxa. Together, these results suggest new hypotheses about the genetic basis of physiological adaptation to high altitude, and the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variation along environmental gradients.
Microfluidics-Based Bioassays and Imaging of Plant Cells
Authors: Yanagisawa Naoki , Kozgunova Elena , Grossmann Guido , Geitmann Anja , Higashiyama Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many plant processes occur in the context of and in interaction with a surrounding matrix such as soil (e.g. root growth and root–microbe interactions) or surrounding tissues (e.g. pollen tube growth through the pistil), making it difficult to study them with high-resolution optical microscopy. Over the past decade, microfabrication techniques have been developed to produce experimental systems that allow researchers to examine cell behavior in microstructured environments that mimic geometrical, physical and/or chemical aspects of the natural growth matrices and that cannot be generated using traditional agar plate assays. These microfabricated environments offer considerable design flexibility as well as the transparency required for high-resolution, light-based microscopy. In addition, microfluidic platforms have been used for various types of bioassays, including cellular force assays, chemoattraction assays and electrotropism assays. Here, we review the recent use of microfluidic devices to study plant cells and organs, including plant roots, root hairs, moss protonemata and pollen tubes. The increasing adoption of microfabrication techniques by the plant science community may transform our approaches to investigating how individual plant cells sense and respond to changes in the physical and chemical environment.
A Anchoring Technique Using Long Bent Rods for Open Reduction of Thoracolumbar Dislocation
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Wang Baocang , An Yi , Jin Xin , Guo Zhiliang , Han Shuo , Huo Yongxin , Liu Lanze 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel surgical open reduction method for thoracolumbar dislocation.

Materials and Methods:
This study included a total of 15 patients of thoracolumbar dislocation. All patients underwent posterior thoracolumbar open reduction and fixation using this technique. Preoperative x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate the dislocation. The American Spinal Injury Association grade of spinal cord injury before and afer the operation were record. All patients were followed up for 2 years, and x-ray, CT were used to observe postoperative reduction and fusion.

Results:
Postoperative x-ray and CT images of all patients indicated good recovery of the spinal sequence, and no neurological deterioration or surgically related complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 2 years, no patients were lost to follow-up. During the follow-up period, x-ray and CT images showed no complications related to internal fixation such as fracture and loosening of screws and rods were found.

Conclusion:
A anchoring technique using long bent rods is a safe, simple, accurate, and easy to replicate and implement method, which can be applied in the surgical treatment for thoracolumbar dislocation.
Management Strategies for Patients With Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Yurkiewicz Ilana R. , Zhou Maggie , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Charville Gregory W. , Bolleddu Sanjana , Lohman Marti , Bui Nam 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a malignant vascular neoplasm representing ∼1% of sarcomas. Due to its rarity, its clinical course is not well characterized and optimal treatment remains unknown.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of patients with EHE treated at Stanford University between 1998 and 2020. Demographic characteristics, pathology results, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were collected from the electronic medical records.

Results:
A total of 58 patients had a mean age of 50.6 years and a slight female predominance (52%). Primary disease sites were liver (33%), soft tissue (29%), lung (14%), bone (9%), and mediastinum (9%). A majority (55%) had advanced or metastatic disease. Median overall survival (OS) was 16.9 years, with OS 89% at 1 year, 68% at 5 years, and 64% at 10 years. The longest median OS was associated with soft tissue sites and shortest with lung and mediastinal disease (P=0.03). The localized disease had improved median OS compared with metastatic disease (P=0.02). There was no OS difference between tumors >3 cm and those equal or smaller (P=0.85). Surgery was a common treatment (71%), while radiation and ablation were sometimes used (28% and 9%, respectively). The median time to initiating therapy of any kind was 68 days. The median time to systemic therapy was 114 days.

Conclusions:
We report on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with EHE at a large academic center. Treatment options included surgical excision, liver transplant, ablation, radiation, and systemic therapy. A subset of patients had indolent disease not requiring treatment upfront.
Trypan-Assisted Automated Endothelial Cell Loss Measurements Compared With Specular Microscopy
Authors: Bedard Peter , Justin Jeff J. , Hou Joshua H. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
The aims of this study were 1) to compare area of cell loss (ACL) on trypan staining with ACL on specular imaging and 2) to evaluate the use of automated software for measuring ACL on trypan staining.

Methods:
Donor corneas with transplant-grade endothelium were mechanically injured with an 18-gauge cannula and a Fogla deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty dissector tip to create an easily identifiable “bullseye” pattern of cell death. Each cornea was then stained with trypan blue 0.06% for 90 seconds and imaged at 2× magnification. ACL on staining was measured using manual (ImageJ, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) versus automated software tools (custom-built Aphelion macro, ADCIS, S.A., Saint-Contest, France). The bullseye was then imaged using specular microscopy, and ACL was measured by tracing the dead cell borders. ACL was then compared between both modalities.

Results:
Eleven donor corneas were evaluated. Both manual (0.42 mm2) and automated (0.45 mm2) measurements of ACL after trypan staining underestimated mean ACL on specular imaging (0.54 mm2) (P < 0.01). However, on regression analysis, there was a good predictive correlation between automated trypan measurements and specular imaging (R2 = 0.99, residual SE = 0.0044, P < 0.01). When ACL on specular imaging was measured by tracing cell nuclei along the margin of injury (rather than cell borders) (0.45 mm2), there was no statistically significant difference between specular and automated trypan measurements (P = 0.95).

Conclusions:
Trypan-assisted automated measurements of ACL correlated well with ACL on specular imaging, suggesting that automated software may be a useful tool for evaluating endothelium in donor corneas.
Long-Term Results and Refractive Error After Cataract Surgery With a Scleral Incision in Eyes With Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Tourabaly Moïse , Knoeri Juliette , Georgeon Cristina , Borderie Marie , Bouheraoua Nacim , Borderie Vincent 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
Phacoemulsification in eyes with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) is associated with possible decreased graft survival and difficult IOL power calculation. We assessed cataract surgery in eyes with previous DALK.

Methods:
Thirty-three consecutive eyes with DALK and further phacoemulsification with scleral incision were included in this retrospective study. At each postoperative visit, eyes were assessed with manifest refraction, optical coherence tomography, specular corneal topography, and noncontact wide-field specular microscopy.

Results:
The average postkeratoplasty follow-up time was 102 months [95%-CI, (85–119)]. Cataract surgery was performed on average 43 months (30–56) after DALK. The average postphacoemulsification follow-up time was 58 months [42–74]. All grafts remained clear during follow-up. The best spectacle-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved by 2.5 lines [1.8–3.1] on average after cataract surgery from 0.58 (20/77) to 0.34 (20/44) (P < 0.001). The spherical equivalent and intraocular pressure significantly improved from −4.1 D to −1.7 D and from 15.9 to 14.0 mm Hg, respectively. The corneal central thickness was not significantly modified, and the endothelial density decreased by 5.3% from 2081 to 1970 cells/mm2 (P = 0.003). The minimal difference between the achieved and predicted spherical equivalents [−0.05 D, (−2.33; +2.21)] was obtained with the Hoffer Q formula using the IOLMaster axial length and the Orbscan keratometry.

Conclusions:
Patients with DALK who underwent phacoemulsification with a scleral incision had a satisfying residual refractive error, very high graft survival, and very few complications. The Hoffer Q formula with the IOLMaster axial length and the specular corneal topography keratometry seems to be the most accurate for IOL calculation.
Intestinal phosphorus absorption: recent findings in translational and clinical research
Authors: Hill Gallant Kathleen M. , Vorland Colby J. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings in intestinal phosphorus absorption pathways, particularly the contributions of paracellular versus transcellular absorption, and the differential findings from studies using in vitro versus in vivo techniques of assessing phosphorus absorption in experimental animal studies.

Recent findings
Experimental animal studies show that in vivo effects of low phosphorus diets, 1,25D, and chronic kidney disease on intestinal phosphorus absorption efficiency contradict effects previously established ex vivo/in vitro. Recent in vivo studies also suggest that the paracellular pathway accounts for the majority of phosphorus absorption in animals across very low to high luminal phosphate concentrations. The data from experimental animal studies correspond to recent human studies showing the effectiveness of targeted inhibition of paracellular phosphate absorption. Additionally, recent human studies have demonstrated that NaPi-2b inhibition alone does not appear to be effective in lowering serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Pursuit of other transcellular phosphate transporter inhibitors may still hold promise.

Summary

In vivo animal and human studies have added to our understanding of intestinal phosphorus absorption pathways, regulation, and mechanisms. This is beneficial for developing effective new strategies for phosphate management in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Effects of Risk Factors on In Situ Expression of Proinflammatory Markers Correlated to Carotid Plaque Instability
Authors: Montanaro Manuela , Scimeca Manuel , Toschi Nicola , Bonanno Elena , Giacobbi Erica , Servadei Francesca , Ippoliti Arnaldo , Santeusanio Giuseppe , Mauriello Alessandro , Anemona Lucia 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims:
Several studies demonstrated a role of active chronic inflammatory infiltrate in carotid plaques progression suggesting a possible link between cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation-related plaque instability. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the possible effects of cardiovascular risk factors on in situ expression of proinflammatory markers associated with carotid plaque instability.

Methods and Results:
A tissue microarray containing carotid plaques from 36 symptomatic (major stroke or transient ischemic attack) and 37 asymptomatic patients was built. Serial sections were employed to evaluate the expression of some inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry [CD3, CD4a, CD8, CD20, CD86, CD163, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17]. Immunohistochemical data were analyzed to study the possible associations between in situ expression of inflammatory biomarker and the main cardiovascular risk factors. Our data demonstrated that plaque instability is associated with the high in situ expression of some cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-17. Besides the female sex, none of the risk factors analyzed showed a significant association between the in situ expression of these markers and unstable plaques. A significant increase of IL-6-positive and IL-17-positive cells was observed in unstable atheromatous plaques of female patients, as compared with unstable plaques of male patients.

Conclusions:
Plaque destabilization is certainly correlated with the presence of the major cardiovascular risk factors, however, our results showed that, with the exception of sex, their action in the evolutive process of plaque instability seems rather nonspecific, favoring a general release of proinflammatory cytokines.
Axillary Glomus Tumor Revealed by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shen Guohua , Wang Rang , Pan Lili , Kuang Anren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Glomus tumors are vascular neoplasms arising from glomus bodies. They are typically found in tissues where glomus bodies are concentrated, including the subungual layer of the fingers or the deep dermis of the palm, wrist, forearm, and foot but rarely occur in the axillary region. Herein, we reported the MRI and FDG PET/CT findings of a glomus tumor presenting as an axillary mass in a 25-year-old woman.
Increased Uptake of 18F-THK5351 in Glioblastoma But Not in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Mitamura Katsuya , Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Miyake Keisuke , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

18F-THK5351 was initially developed to target tau aggregates in neurofibrillary tangles. However, it was also shown to bind to an enzyme, monoamine oxidase B, which is highly expressed in the outer mitochondrial membrane of astrocytes. In a case with glioblastoma, both l-[methyl-11C]-methionine PET and 18F-THK5351 PET showed increased uptake in the tumor. On the other hand, in another case with primary central nervous system lymphoma, l-[methyl-11C]-methionine PET showed increased uptake in the tumor, but 18F-THK5351 PET showed no abnormal uptake in the tumor. 18F-THK5351 PET might be helpful in differentiating between glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma.
The Importance of SPECT/CT in Preoperative Localization of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in 2 Patients With Acral Melanoma in the Foot
Authors: Zhang Shu , Zhu Shikun , Hua Surong , Zou Xiongfei , Luo Yaping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A 68-year-old woman with melanoma in the left heel underwent sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy and radioguided biopsy. The sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT detected 3 foci of increased activity in the popliteal fossa and inguinal region. When coregistered to CT, the sentinel node was localized in the inguinal region, and the popliteal foci were considered tracer retention in lymphatic vessel. In another patient with melanoma in the foot, sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy detected 3 foci of increased activity in the popliteal fossa and inguinal region, which were all identified to be nodal uptake in SPECT/CT. The sentinel node was finally localized in popliteal fossa in this patient.
Facial Suture Pathology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Wang Maxwell M. , Haveles Christos S. , Zukotynski Brian K. , Reid Russell R. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Facial deformities in syndromic craniosynostosis are not only functionally, psychosocially, and aesthetically impairing but also notoriously challenging to reconstruct. Whether facial suture synostosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of these deformities is inadequately studied in human patients.

Methods
The MEDLINE database was queried using a methodologically generated search term inventory. Article inclusion was adjudicated by 2 authors after independent review. Articles provided insight into facial suture involvement in either syndromic craniosynostosis patients or animal models of disease.

Results
Comprehensive review yielded 19 relevant articles meeting inclusion criteria. Mid-20th century craniofacial biologists characterized how patent facial sutures are essential for normal postnatal facial development. They also posited that premature ossification disrupts growth vectors, causing significant dysmorphologies. Recently, facial suture synostosis was found to cause midfacial deformities independent of cranial base pathology in mouse models of syndromic craniosynostosis. Few recent studies have begun exploring facial suture involvement in patients, and although they have paved the way for future research, they bear significant limitations.

Conclusions
The hypothesis that facial suture synostosis acts in conjunction with cranial base pathology to produce the prominent, multifocal facial deformities in syndromic craniosynostosis may fundamentally alter surgical management and warrants further investigation. Methodically evaluating the literature, this review synthesizes all basic science and human clinical research thus far on the role of facial sutures in syndromic craniosynostosis and elucidates important topics for future research. We ultimately identify the need for rigorous imaging studies that longitudinally evaluate facial osteology across patients with various craniosynostosis syndromes.
Oncologic Safety of Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hammer Jennifer , Servaes Maxime , Berners Aline , Deconinck Christine , Pirson Geneviève , Fosseprez Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the oncologic safety of mastectomies associated with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) in terms of recurrence and survival.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted at a single center (CHU UCL Namur, Belgium). We analyzed the oncologic safety of IBR for patients with invasive and in situ breast cancer who underwent mastectomy associated with IBR. Patients who underwent palliative surgery and those with a diagnosis of breast sarcoma were excluded.

Results
We retrospectively analyzed 138 patients who underwent mastectomy and IBR between January 2012 and December 2019. Most reconstruction procedures used deep inferior epigastric perforator free flaps (55.1%). The reconstructive failure rate was 8.7%. Among the patients included, 5 cases of local cancer recurrence, 1 case of local cancer recurrence associated with distant metastasis, and 2 cases of systemic recurrence were identified during a mean follow-up of 49.3 months (range, 8–104 months) after surgery. Overall survival was 97.8%, and disease-free survival was 94.2%.

Conclusions
Patients had a low incidence of cancer recurrence in this review. Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy had no negative impact on recurrence or patient survival, even in patients with advanced disease. The study findings suggest that mastectomy associated with IBR can be a safe surgical option for patients with invasive and noninvasive breast cancers. Longer follow-ups are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
The Learning Curve
Authors: Le Nicole K. , Weinstein Brielle , Serraneau Karisa , Tavares Tina , Laronga Christine , Panetta Nicholas 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cancer-related lymphedema will affect 10% to 50% of breast cancer survivors. Early data show that immediate lymphatic reconstruction may help prevent breast cancer lymphedema; however, the details have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cohort of our first 100 patients for trends in demographics, treatment, and technique.

Methods
At a tertiary care cancer center, high-risk breast cancer–related lymphedema patients underwent axillary reverse lymphatic mapping and immediate lymphatic reconstruction. After institutional review board approval, demographics, technique, and outcomes were recorded. The first 100 patients were analyzed to compare the differences between the first 50 versus the second 50 patient cohorts.

Results
Of the first 100 axillary reverse lymphatic mapping performed, there was a significant difference in neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 81% in the earlier cohort versus 98% in the later cohort (P = 0.01). An arborized technique was used more frequently in the second cohort (82% vs 54%, P = 0.01). The incidence of lymphedema was lower in the latter cohort (7 patients vs 1 patient, P = 0.03). The first cohort was 12.2 times more likely to develop lymphedema despite lymphatic reconstruction than the second cohort (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
The data demonstrate multiple trends in the learning curve associated with immediate lymphatic reconstruction at a single institution including improvements in identifying and dissecting lymphatic structures, performing more anastomoses per patient, using the arborized technique more frequently, performing the operation with shorter operative times, and reducing the incidence of lymphedema.