bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenic dysphagia following COVID‐19 infection: A new danger
Authors: Can Büşra , İsmagulova Narkiza , Enver Necati , Tufan Aslı , Cinel İsmail 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the complications of endotracheal intubation. As expected, cases of dysphagia following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) reported to date have all been intubated. We here report a case of sarcopenic dysphagia following severe COVID‐19 pneumonia in a nonintubated older adult. The patient was an 85‐year‐old male who was readmitted to the hospital with dysphagia and subsequent aspiration pneumonia in the first week after his discharge from the COVID‐19 unit. On physical examination, the patient was sarcopenic and malnourished. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) revealed aspiration into the airway. Enteral feeding was initiated and the infusion rate gradually increased to achieve the desired protein‐energy targets. Control FEES 2 months after discharge showed recovery of swallowing function, with no apparent penetration or aspiration. Clinicians caring for patients with COVID‐19 should be aware that dysphagia, which is associated with increased mortality in older adults, may occur even in the absence of intubation. We recommend that the evaluation of dysphagia be part of the clinical assessment in older COVID‐19 patients with malnutrition or sarcopenia.
Bilateral fabella in the mummy of the Blessed Jean Bassand (c. 1360–1445): A unique description in ancient human remains
Authors: Ventura Luca , Bruno Federico , Barile Antonio , Masciocchi Carlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe report an ancient case of bilateral fabella, diagnosed in the mummified body of the Blessed Jean Bassand, dating back to the 15th century.Materials and MethodsThe mummy belonged to an elderly subject and underwent canonical recognition by external inspection, digital radioscopic and X‐ray examination and computed tomography (CT) scanning.ResultsPlain films, CT scans and visual inspection displayed two bilateral, discrete, rounded osseous structures with regular cortical profile, projecting in the posterosuperior aspect of the lateral femoral condyles. Based on the location and anatomical features, the structures were identified as fabellae.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first description of fabella in ancient human remains, as well as the most ancient documented report of this sesamoid bone in human history, dating back the condition to the 15th century.
Regio‐, stereo‐, and site‐selectivities of 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition reaction of benzonitrile oxide with unsymmetrically substituted norbornenes and norbornadienes: A computational study
Authors: Abdullah Harun , Tia Richard , Adei Evans 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this computational study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory were employed to study the regio‐, stereo‐, and site‐selectivities of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of benzonitrile oxide (BNO) with unsymmetrically substituted norbornenes and norbornadienes. The reactions between BNO and unsymmetrically‐substituted 2‐norbornes and unsymmetrically‐substituted 2‐norbornadienes proceed with the oxygen of the BNO attacking the more hindered side of the double bond in all cases except when strong EWGs are introduced. For the reaction between BNO and unsymmetrically‐substituted 2‐norbornadienes, varying degrees of selectivities are observed depending on the substituent, indicating that site‐selectivity is largely influenced by nature of substituents. Generally, the regio‐isomers in which the oxygen of the BNO is bonded to the more hindered side of the double bond are favored except when strong EWGs are introduced, and exo stereo‐isomers are generally favored over the endo stereo‐isomers. Electrophilic (Pk+) and nucleophilic (Pk‐) Parr functions computations are in complete agreement with the selectivity predicted by the activation barrier trends.
Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel phenoxypyridine derivatives containing natural product coumarin
Authors: Zhao Li‐Xia , Wang Zhi‐Xin , Peng Jian‐Feng , Zou Yue‐Li , Hui Yong‐Zhuo , Chen Yong‐Zheng , Gao Shuang , Fu Ying , Ye Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors have been widely studied as important agricultural herbicides. Our research focused on the design and synthesis of novel PPO inhibitor herbicides, through linking of a diphenylether pyridine bioisostere structure to substituted coumarins, which aims to enhance environmental and crop safety while retaining high efficacy.RESULTSA total of 21 compounds were synthesized via acylation reactions and all compounds were characterized using infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectra. The respective configurations of compounds IV‐6 and IV‐12 were also confirmed using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The bioassay results showed that the title compounds displayed notable herbicidal activity, particularly compound IV‐6 which displayed better herbicidal activity in greenhouse and field experiments, crop selectivity and safety for cotton and soybean compared with the commercial herbicide oxyfluorfen.CONCLUSIONThe work revealed that compound IV‐6 deserves further attention as a candidate structure for a novel and safe herbicide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Achieving High‐Quality Freshwater from a Self‐Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox‐Flow Desalination Device
Authors: Ramalingam Karthick , Wei Qiang , Chen Fuming , Shen Kaixiang , Liang Mengjun , Dai Jinhong , Hou Xianhua , Ru Qiang , Babu Ganguli , He Qinyu , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolar‐assisted electrochemical desalination has offered a new energy–water nexus technology for sustainable development in recent studies. However, only a few reports have demonstrated insufficient photocurrent, a low salt removal rate, and poor stability. In this study, a high‐quality freshwater level of 5–10 ppm (from an initial feed of 10 000 ppm), an enhanced salt removal rate (217.8 µg cm−2 min−1 of NaCl), and improved cycling and long‐term stability are achieved by integrating dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and redox‐flow desalination (RFD) under light irradiation without additional electrical energy consumption. The DSSC redox electrolyte (I−/I3−) is circulated between the photoanode (N719/TiO2) and intermediate electrode (graphite paper). Two DSSCs in parallel or series connections are directly coupled to the RFD device. Overall, this hybrid system can be used to boost photo electrochemical desalination technology. The energy–water nexus technology will open a new route for dual‐role devices with photodesalination functions without energy consumption and solar‐to‐electricity generation.
Broadband Photodetector Based on Inorganic Perovskite CsPbBr3/GeSn Heterojunction
Authors: Cong Hui , Chu Xinbo , Wan Fengshuo , Chu Zema , Wang Xiaoyu , Ma Yao , Jiang Jizhong , Shen Liang , You Jingbi , Xue Chunlai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotodetectors with broadband response spectrum have attracted great interest in many application areas such as imaging, gas sensing, and night vision. Here, a high performance broadband photodetector is demonstrated with inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3/GeSn heterojunction, detection range can be covered from 450 to 2200 nm. The responsivity of heterojunction device can achieve as high as 129 mA W−1 under illuminated light of 532 nm, which is 4.92 times larger than that of a GeSn based device. As the CsPbBr3 can also act as anti‐reflective coating for infrared wavelength, the infrared band responsivity at wavelength of 2200 nm can also be raised by 1.42 times. In addition, the device with all inorganic components is showed good stability, while keeping in the dry environment, the device can sustain its 90% original after 550 h storage. These results show the inorganic perovskite/GeSn heterojunction device is of great potential in broadband photodetection with high responsivity.
Unlocking the power of optical imaging in the second biological window: Structuring near‐infrared II materials from organic molecules to nanoparticles
Authors: Dahal Dipendra , Ray Priyanka , Pan Dipanjan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiomedical imaging techniques play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, surgical intervention, and prognosis. Fluorescence imaging in the second biological window (second near‐infrared [NIR‐II]; 1000–1700 nm) has attracted attention recently. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging offers unique advantages in terms of reduced photon scattering, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and many others. A host of materials, including small organic molecules, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, polymeric and rare‐earth‐doped nanoparticles, have been explored as NIR‐II emitting fluorescent probes. Efficient and viable approaches to design and develop fluorescence probes with tunable photophysical properties without compromising other key features are of paramount importance. Various chemical strategies are explored to increase the quantum yield of these imaging agents without compromising their spatiotemporal resolution, specificity, and tissue penetration capabilities. This review summarizes the strategies implemented to design and synthesize NIR‐II emitting nanoparticles and small organic molecule‐based fluorescent probes for applications in the biomedical field.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Stabilization and numerical treatment for swelling porous elastic soils with fluid saturation
Authors: Júnior Dilberto S. Almeida , Ramos Anderson J. A. , Noé Alberto S. , Freitas Mirelson M. , Aum Pedro T. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of one‐dimensional initial boundary value problem associated with the isothermal linear theory of swelling porous elastic media. Our main results are the well‐posedness of the system as well as the exponential stabilization of solution and the discretization of the equations using a particular numerical scheme, which allowed us to prove the monotonicity of the discrete energy. In addition, we provide the numerical simulations of the solution and the total energy that explain the results obtained. Our results are achieved by using the semigroup theory and for the results in finite dimensional we used finite differences.
An optimal control method for time-dependent fluid-structure interaction problems
Authors: Wang Yongxing , Jimack Peter K. , Walkley Mark A. , Yang Dongmin , Thompson Harvey M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we derive an adjoint fluid-structure interaction (FSI) system in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework, based upon a one-field finite element method. A key feature of this approach is that the interface condition is automatically satisfied and the problem size is reduced since we only solve for one velocity field for both the primary and adjoint system. A velocity (and/or displacement)-matching optimisation problem is considered by controlling a distributed force. The optimisation problem is solved using a gradient descent method, and a stabilised Barzilai-Borwein method is adopted to accelerate the convergence, which does not need additional evaluations of the objective functional. The proposed control method is validated and assessed against a series of static and dynamic benchmark FSI problems, before being applied successfully to solve a highly challenging FSI control problem.
Robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy: not only for vaginal vault suspension? An observational cohort study
Authors: van Zanten Femke , Lenters Egbert , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. , Schraffordt Koops Steven E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisSurgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has high recurrence rates. Long-term anatomical and patient-reported outcomes after pelvic floor repair are therefore required.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital with tertiary referral function for patients with POP. Patients with symptomatic vaginal vault or uterine prolapse (simplified POP Quantification [sPOPQ] stage ≥2), who underwent robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) or supracervical hysterectomy with sacrocervicopexy (RSHS), were included. Follow-up visits with sPOPQ evaluations were planned 4 years after surgery. Patients received pre- and postoperative questionnaires reporting symptoms of vaginal bulge, Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7). Primary outcome was patient self-reported symptoms. Secondary outcome was anatomical cure (sPOPQ stage 1) for all vaginal compartments.ResultsSeventy-seven patients were included. Sixty-one patients (79%) were evaluated after 50 months (physical examinationn = 51). Symptoms of bulge (95% vs 15%p ˂ 0.0005), median UDI-6 scores (26.7 vs 22.2,p = 0.048), median PFIQ-7 scores (60.0 vs 0,p = 0.008), and median sPOPQ stages in all landmarks improved significantly from the pre- to the postoperative visit. Thirty patients (59%) were completely recurrence free and 96% of patients had no apical recurrence. Most recurrences were asymptomatic cystoceles (20%). There was one surgical re-intervention for recurrent prolapse (1.6%).ConclusionsRobot-assisted sacrocolpopexy and RSHS show sustainable results in the treatment of prolapse. Symptoms of bulge, urinary symptoms, and quality of life improved substantially 50 months postoperatively. Patients should be counseled about the risk of anterior wall recurrence and the small chance of recurrent symptoms that need treatment.
Leukocytes are not Reliable in Predicting Possible Diaphragmatic Injury in Patients with Penetrating Left Thoracoabdominal Stab Wounds
Authors: Yucel Metin , Yildiz Abdullah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe diaphragm is injured in approximately one‐third of penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds. Diagnostic laparoscopy or thoracoscopy is performed to reveal the diaphragmatic injury. This study investigated whether leukocytes, leukocyte subgroups, platelets, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the thrombocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be used to detect diaphragm injury without the need for diagnostic laparoscopy.MethodsPatients hospitalized between January 2010 and January 2020 due to penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds were examined. Laparotomy was performed in patients who had indications for laparotomy, such as hemodynamic instability and peritonitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to reveal possible diaphragmatic injury in patients who did not require laparotomy after 48h of follow‐up. Leukocytes, leukocyte subgroups, platelets, NLR, and PLR were measured both at admission and during follow‐up, and the results were compared between patients with and without diaphragm injury during diagnostic laparoscopy.ResultsThe study included 108 patients with penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds that did not require laparotomy after 48h of follow‐up. Of these, 102 patients were male (94.44%), and the average age was 27.68 years (range 15–66 years). Diaphragm injury was detected in 31 patients (28.70%) in diagnostic laparoscopy, and the diaphragm was intact in 77 patients (71.30%). In the comparison of patients with and without diaphragmatic injury, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of age, gender, platelets, leukocyte values, NLR, and PLR both at admission and during follow‐up.ConclusionsLeukocytes, leukocyte subsets, platelets, NLR, and PLR were insufficient in the detection of asymptomatic diaphragmatic injuries caused by penetrating left thoracoabdominal stab wounds.
On the suitability of deep convolutional neural networks for continental-wide downscaling of climate change projections
Authors: Baño-Medina Jorge , Manzanas Rodrigo , Gutiérrez José Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper, Baño-Medina et al. (Configuration and Intercomparison of deep learning neural models for statistical downscaling. preprint, 2019) assessed the suitability of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for downscaling of temperature and precipitation over Europe using large-scale ‘perfect’ reanalysis predictors. They compared the results provided by CNNs with those obtained from a set of standard methods which have been traditionally used for downscaling purposes (linear and generalized linear models), concluding that CNNs are well suited for continental-wide applications. That analysis is extended here by assessing the suitability of CNNs for downscaling future climate change projections using Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs as predictors. This is particularly relevant for this type of “black-box” models, whose results cannot be easily explained based on physical reasons and could potentially lead to implausible downscaled projections due to uncontrolled extrapolation artifacts. Based on this premise, we analyze in this work the two key assumptions that are made in perfect prognosis downscaling: (1) the predictors chosen to build the statistical model should be well reproduced by GCMs and (2) the statistical model should be able to reliably extrapolate out of sample (climate change) conditions. As a first step to test the suitability of these models, the latter assumption is assessed here by analyzing how the CNNs affect the raw GCM climate change signal (defined as the difference, or delta, between future and historical climate). Our results show that, as compared to well-established generalized linear models (GLMs), CNNs yield smaller departures from the raw GCM outputs for the end of century, resulting in more plausible downscaling results for climate change applications. Moreover, as a consequence of the automatic treatment of spatial features, CNNs are also found to provide more spatially homogeneous downscaled patterns than GLMs.
Chemically Induced Spin Hyperpolarization: Coherence Formation in Reaction Products
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin L. , Yurkovskya Alexandra V. , Fishman Natalya N. , Kiryutin Aleksey S. , Sagdeev Renad Z. , Vieth Hans-Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) has emerged as a highly informative method to study spin-dependent radical reactions by analyzing enhanced NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) signals of their diamagnetic reaction products. In this way, one can probe the structure of elusive radical intermediates and determine their magnetic parameters. A careful examination of experimental CIDNP data at variable magnetic fields shows that formation of hyperpolarized molecules in a coherent state is a ubiquitous though rarely discussed phenomenon. The presence of nuclear spin coherences commonly leads to subsequent polarization transfer among coupled spins in the diamagnetic products of radical recombination reaction that must be taken into account when analyzing the results of CIDNP experiments at low magnetic field. Moreover, such coherent polarization transfer can be efficiently exploited to polarize spins, which do not acquire CIDNP directly. Here we explain under what conditions such coherences can be generated, focusing on the key role of level anti-crossings in coherent polarization transfer, and provide experimental approaches to probing nuclear spin coherences and their time evolution. We illustrate the theoretical consideration of the outlined coherent spin phenomena in CIDNP by examples, obtained for the dipeptide tryptophan–tryptophan.
Rice straw and energy reed fibers reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin polymeric biocomposites
Authors: Hasan K. M. Faridul , Horváth Péter György , Bak Miklós , Le Duong Hung Anh , Mucsi Zsuzsanna Mária , Alpár Tibor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, natural fiber (energy reeds and rice straw) reinforced with phenol formaldehyde (PF) polymeric resin biocomposites are developed and reported in this study. The dimensions of energy reeds and rice straws used for this research were 0.5–1.66 mm and 0.1–3.55 mm, respectively. The hot-pressing technology was used for manufacturing the biocomposites. The proportions for mixing of rice straw/energy reed fibers in composite systems were 90/0, 54/36, 36/54, and 0/90 whereas remaining 10% were belong to PF resin. The nominal densities of the biocomposite panels were 680 kg/m3, however the actual densities were 713.655, 725, 742.79, and 764.49 kg/m3. The main objective of this study is to develop hybrid biocomposites from different proportions of energy reeds and rice straw fibers using PF resin and to find the convenient ratio and materials for biocomposites production. The obtained results demonstrate that mechanical properties and stability against the moisture increases with the increase of energy reeds loading in the composite systems. The biocomposite developed from 100% energy reeds provided the higher mechanical properties compared to 100% rice straw. The thermal and morphological properties of the produced biocomposite materials were investigated and found significant. The thermo-mechanical properties of the composite materials increase with the increase in energy reed fiber loading in composite system. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation (R2) also demonstrates a positive attributions of energy reed fibers loading in composite systems. Moreover, the overall performances of the developed biocomposite panels demonstrate them as potential and novel candidate to the composite community in the coming times.
Graphical abstract
TSK-Streams: learning TSK fuzzy systems for regression on data streams
Authors: Shaker Ammar , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe problem of adaptive learning from evolving and possibly non-stationary data streams has attracted a lot of interest in machine learning in the recent past, and also stimulated research in related fields, such as computational intelligence and fuzzy systems. In particular, several rule-based methods for the incremental induction of regression models have been proposed. In this paper, we develop a method that combines the strengths of two existing approaches rooted in different learning paradigms. More concretely, our method adopts basic principles of the state-of-the-art learning algorithm AMRules and enriches them by the representational advantages of fuzzy rules. In a comprehensive experimental study, TSK-Streams is shown to be highly competitive in terms of performance.