bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the effect of antiresorptive drugs on the bone remodeling of the mandible after dental implantation: a mathematical model
Authors: Ashrafi Mehran , Ghalichi Farzan , Mirzakouchaki Behnam , Doblare Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBone remodeling identifies the process of permanent bone change with new bone formation and old bone resorption. Understanding this process is essential in many applications, such as optimizing the treatment of diseases like osteoporosis, maintaining bone density in long-term periods of disuse, or assessing the long-term evolution of the bone surrounding prostheses after implantation. A particular case of study is the bone remodeling process after dental implantation. Despite the overall success of this type of implants, the increasing life expectancy in developed countries has boosted the demand for dental implants in patients with osteoporosis. Although several studies demonstrate a high success rate of dental implants in osteoporotic patients, it is also known that the healing time and the failure rate increase, necessitating the adoption of pharmacological measures to improve bone quality in those patients. However, the general efficacy of these antiresorptive drugs for osteoporotic patients is still controversial, requiring more experimental and clinical studies. In this work, we investigate the effect of different doses of several drugs, used nowadays in osteoporotic patients, on the evolution of bone density after dental implantation. With this aim, we use a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) mathematical model that includes the effect of antiresorptive drugs on the RANK/RANK-L/OPG pathway, as well as the mechano-chemical coupling with external mechanical loads. This mechano-PK/PD model is then used to analyze the evolution of bone in normal and osteoporotic mandibles after dental implantation with different drug dosages. We show that using antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates or denosumab increases bone density and the associated mechanical properties, but at the same time, it also increases bone brittleness. We conclude that, despite the many limitations of these very complex models, the one presented here is capable of predicting qualitatively the evolution of some of the main biological and chemical variables associated with the process of bone remodeling in patients receiving drugs for osteoporosis, so it could be used to optimize dental implant design and coating for osteoporotic patients, as well as the drug dosage protocol for patient-specific treatments.
Genomic scans for selective sweeps through haplotype homozygosity and allelic fixation in 14 indigenous sheep breeds from Middle East and South Asia
Authors: Eydivandi Sirous , Roudbar Mahmoud Amiri , Karimi Mohammad Osman , Sahana Goutam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe performance and productivity of livestock have consistently improved by natural and artificial selection over the centuries. Both these selections are expected to leave patterns on the genome and lead to changes in allele frequencies, but natural selection has played the major role among indigenous populations. Detecting selective sweeps in livestock may assist in understanding the processes involved in domestication, genome evolution and discovery of genomic regions associated with economically important traits. We investigated population genetic diversity and selection signals in this study using SNP genotype data of 14 indigenous sheep breeds from Middle East and South Asia, including six breeds from Iran, namely Iranian Balochi, Afshari, Moghani, Qezel, Zel, and Lori-Bakhtiari, three breeds from Afghanistan, namely Afghan Balochi, Arabi, and Gadik, three breeds from India, namely Indian Garole, Changthangi, and Deccani, and two breeds from Bangladesh, namely Bangladeshi Garole and Bangladesh East. The SNP genotype data were generated by the Illumina OvineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip array. To detect genetic diversity and population structure, we used principal component analysis (PCA), admixture, phylogenetic analyses, and Runs of homozygosity. We applied four complementary statistical tests, FST(fixation index), xp-EHH (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity), Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations), and FLK (the extension of the Lewontin and Krakauer) to detect selective sweeps. Our results not only confirm the previous studies but also provide a suite of novel candidate genes involved in different traits in sheep. On average, FST, xp-EHH, Rsb, and FLK detected 128, 207, 222, and 252 genomic regions as candidates for selective sweeps, respectively. Furthermore, nine overlapping candidate genes were detected by these four tests, especially TNIK, DOCK1, USH2A, and TYW1B which associate with resistance to diseases and climate adaptation. Knowledge of candidate genomic regions in sheep populations may facilitate the identification and potential exploitation of the underlying genes in sheep breeding.
Reliability of Speech-Language Pathologists' Categorizations of Preschoolers' Communication Impairments in Practice
Authors: Cunningham Barbara Jane , Oram Cardy Janis 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
An efficient and reliable way to categorize children's communication impairments based on routine clinical assessments is needed to inform research and clinical decisions. This preliminary study assessed interrater reliability of speech-language pathologists' categorization of preschoolers' speech, language, and communication impairments using a clinical consensus document.

Method
Six speech-language pathologists at three community sites worked in pairs to assess 38 children aged 1–5 years, then used the clinical consensus document to categorize children's communication impairments broadly. Identified language and speech sound impairments were further subcategorized.

Results
Speech-language pathologists had substantial to almost perfect agreement for three broadly focused impairment categories. Agreement for whether language difficulties/disorders were developmental or associated with a biomedical condition was almost perfect, but moderate for whether difficulties impacted receptive or expressive language, or social communication skills. Agreement was fair for rule-based speech delays/disorders, but low for motor-based and mixed speech impairments.

Conclusions
Results support use of the clinical consensus document to collect data for reliable categories. Additional work is needed to confirm reliability for some broadly focused impairment categories and for subcategorization of speech impairments.
Morphological Errors in Spanish-Speaking Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Castilla-Earls Anny , Pérez-Leroux Ana Teresa , Fulcher-Rood Katrina , Barr Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to find morphological markers with good diagnostic accuracy to identify developmental language disorders (DLD) in Spanish–English bilingual children.

Method

The participants in this study included 66 Spanish–English bilingual children between the ages of 4;0 and 6;11 (years;months) with (
n
= 33) and without DLD (
n
= 33). We employed a comprehensive production task in Spanish to elicit morphological structures that have been previously found to be problematic for Spanish-speaking children with DLD. These structures included elements of nominal morphology (articles, direct object pronouns, adjectives, and plurals) and verbal morphology (verbs and the subjunctive mood). Logistic regression was used in this study to find a set of grammatical structures that most accurately predicted group membership.

Results
Spanish–English bilingual children with and without DLD significantly differed from each other in their accurate production of articles, clitics, adjectives, verbs, and the subjunctive mood. Clitics, verbs, and the subjunctive mood in isolation had adequate diagnostic accuracy. A combination of verb and subjective mood accuracy best predicted group membership in this study (sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 91%).

Conclusion
In addition to clitics, verbs, and the subjunctive mood, both elements of verbal morphology should be considered grammatical markers of DLD in Spanish–English bilingual children.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13641320
Iterative algorithm for designing asymptotically optimal uniform scalar quantisation of the one‐sided Rayleigh density
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandra , Perić Zoran , Nikolić Jelena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesign of optimal and asymptotically optimal quantisation subject to the mean squared error (MSE) criterion is a complex issue, even in the case of uniform scalar quantisation (USQ). The reason is that the MSE distortion dependence on the key designing parameter of USQ for source densities with infinite supports are complex and limit analytical optimisation of USQs. This issue of USQ design has been addressed for some source densities derived from the generalised gamma density. However, to the best of our knowledge, USQ for the one‐sided Rayleigh density has not been studied in detail. This has prompted our research so that this study provides a detailed analysis of USQ for the one‐sided Rayleigh density and proposes an iterative algorithm for its asymptotically optimal design. To estimate signal to quantisation noise ratio, we derive an asymptotic formula having reasonable accuracy for rates higher than 3 bits/sample. Our analysis can be useful in digital‐to‐analogue and analogue‐to‐digital conversion in diversity systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems and medical image processing.
Reduced Thalamic Volume and Metabolites in Type 1 Diabetes with Polyneuropathy
Authors: Hansen Tine M. , Frøkjær Jens B. , Selvarajah Dinesh , Muthulingam Janusiya A. , Tesfaye Solomon , Juhl Anne , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Jakobsen Poul E. , Karmisholt Jesper , Brock Birgitte , Brock Christina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Thalamus is essential in processing of sensory information. This study explored the associations between thalamic volume and intra-thalamic metabolites and associations to clinical and experimental characteristics of sensory function in adults with diabetic polyneuropathy.
Methods 48 adults with type 1 diabetes and confirmed distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DPSN) and 28 healthy controls participated in a cross-sectional study and underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Estimates for thalamic volume were extracted using voxel-based morphometry and intra-thalamic N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/cre) levels were assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations between thalamic volume and clinical measures, quantitative sensory testing and neuropathic phenotype were explored.
Results In diabetes, reduced gray matter volume was identified including bilateral thalamus (all p≤0.001) in comparison to healthy participants. Thalamic volume estimates were positively associated to intra-thalamic NAA/cre (r=0.4; p=0.006), however not to diabetes duration (p=0.5), severity of DSPN (p=0.7), or presence of pain (p=0.3). Individuals with the lowest thalamic volume had greatest loss of protective sensation (light touch using von Frey-like filaments, p=0.037) and highest pain tolerance to electric stimulation (tetanic stimulation, p=0.008) compared to individuals with the highest thalamic volume.
Conclusions In this cohort with type 1 diabetes and severe DSPN, thalamic atrophy was present and associated with reduced NAA/cre, indicating thalamic structural loss and dysfunction. Thalamic atrophy was associated to reduced sensory function involving large fiber neuropathy and sensation to tetanic stimulation that may reflect synaptic transmission. This may ultimately contribute to the current understanding of the pathophysiology behind the perception changes evident in DSPN.
Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen – Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten – Teil 1: Allgemeine Aspekte von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, immunologische Grundlagen von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und pseudoallergischen Reaktionen; Teil 2: Charakteristiken der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2 und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19, weitere Impfstoff-Kandidaten und assoziierte Immunphänomene; Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe
Authors: Klimek L. , Chaker A. M. , Cuevas M. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungImpfungen sind der Goldstandard zur Prophylaxe gefährlicher Infektionserkrankungen. Innerhalb weniger als 12 Monaten seit Entschlüsselung der kodierenden RNA-Sequenzen von SARS-CoV-2 wurden bereits 2 RNA-Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 in wesentlichen Teilen der Welt zugelassen und seit Dezember 2020 eingesetzt. Der Herausforderung durch eine beispiellose globale Pandemie folgte in bisherig einmaliger Art und Weise der Zusammenarbeit und koordinierten Antwort die Entwicklung verschiedener Impfstoffe basierend auf unterschiedlichen Technologieplattformen. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Charakteristiken der in Prüfung befindlichen sowie bereits zugelassenen Impfstoffe dargestellt und erklärt, z. B. Subunit-Impfstoffe, inaktivierte Vollimpfstoffe, abgeschwächte Lebendimpfstoffe und Virus-like-Particle (VLP) -Impfstoffe. Die neuartigen rekombinanten Impfstoffstrategien basierend auf adenoviralen Vektoren sowie die durch die schnelle Entwicklung und erstmalige Zulassung in den Fokus gerückten RNA-Impfstoffe sowie ihre Biologie und Pharmakologie werden erläutert. Allergische Reaktionen gegen diese Impfstoffe und Bestandteile existieren, sind aber selten. Immunreaktionen sowie Nebenwirkungen sollten gut dokumentiert werden. In seltenen Fällen einer vermuteten Allergie gegen Impfstoffbestandteile, vor allem gegen PEGs, ist eine präemptive Hauttestung möglich. Die Entwicklung innovativer Impfstofftechnologien und antiviraler Medikamente ist von strategischer Bedeutung im Sinne einer zukünftigen „pandemic preparedness“.
Stereoselective Convergent Synthesis of Carbon Skeleton of Cotylenin A Aglycone
Authors: Sugita Kazuyuki , Kuwabara Motoi , Matsuo Ami , Kamo Shogo , Matsuzawa Akinobu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the synthesis of the carbon skeleton of cotylenin A aglycone is described. The key reactions, including an intramolecular aldol reaction, an aldol coupling reaction, and a ring-closing meta­thesis, allow for the effective and stereoselective access to the carbon skeleton of cotylenin A aglycone. The stereochemistry was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses of related compounds.
India’s foreign economic policy under Modi: negotiations and narratives in the WTO and beyond
Authors: Narlikar Amrita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor all the complexities of India’s politics, Prime Minister Narendra Modi seemed to have his economic path cut out for him. His ‘Achche din aane waale hein’ (good days are coming) campaign, which had won him a resounding election victory in 2014 for his first term, suggested that Modi’s primary goal was growth and development for his country and people, and hence also an agenda of economic reform. Focusing specifically on India’s negotiations in the context of the WTO, I show in this paper that India has continued to hold on to its former trade policy priorities and negotiation positions and adopted even more hard-line positions in some cases. Interestingly though, the same policy priorities and negotiation patterns that had ill-served India in the past may now no longer be a liability. This is only in part a credit to the Modi administration per se. Rather, it is mainly due to the rise of the phenomenon of “weaponized interdependence”, which in turn legitimizes—sometimes even necessitates—the securitization of foreign economic policy, and more specifically, trade politics. Taken in this changing context and as other countries also adopt a more market-cautionary approach, India’s historic and oft-reviled trade scepticism and reluctance to integrate in global value chains may yet allow it to have the last rhetorical laugh.
Examination of possible high-pressure candidates of SnTiO3: The search for novel ferroelectric materials
Authors: Pielnhofer Florian , Diehl Leo , Jiménez-Solano Alberto , Bussmann-Holder Annette , Schön J. Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: February 2021

Following the recent successful synthesis and characterization of bulk SnTiO3, its energy landscape was studied by means of density functional theory, applying different exchange–correlation and hybrid functionals. Experimentally accessible structure candidates with composition ABX3 were identified by a database search and global exploration approach. Besides the common octahedral coordination of Ti, also fourfold and fivefold coordination spheres emerged to be reasonable structural motifs. Among the predicted high-pressure modifications, the tetragonal perovskite structure turned out to be stable at pressures between 11 GPa and 15 GPa. The possibility of a paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition of the tetragonal perovskite structure was investigated by modeling the phonon spectra and soft mode behavior. Despite substantial long wavelength transverse optical mode softening, the predicted high c/a-ratio in tetragonal perovskite SnTiO3 inhibits the formation of a spontaneous reversible polarization.
Hormone seasonality in medical records suggests circannual endocrine circuits
Authors: Tendler Avichai , Bar Alon , Mendelsohn-Cohen Netta , Karin Omer , Korem Kohanim Yael , Maimon Lior , Milo Tomer , Raz Moriya , Mayo Avi , Tanay Amos , Alon Uri 
Published: February 2021

Significance
We provide a dataset of millions of hormone tests from medical records that shows seasonality with a winter−spring peak in hormones for reproduction, growth, metabolism, and stress adaptation. Together with a long history of studies on a winter−spring peak in human function and growth, the hormone seasonality indicates that, like other animals, humans may have a physiological peak season for basic biological functions. We further use the specific seasonal phases of the hormones to suggest a model for a circannual clock in humans and animals that can keep track of the seasons, similar in spirit to the circadian clock that keeps track of time of day.
Autophagy is required for proper cysteine homeostasis in pancreatic cancer through regulation of SLC7A11
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subhadip , Biancur Douglas E. , Parker Seth J. , Yamamoto Keisuke , Banh Robert S. , Paulo Joao A. , Mancias Joseph D. , Kimmelman Alec C. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Pancreatic cancer utilizes autophagy to survive stress and promote therapeutic resistance. However, the metabolic contribution of autophagy in PDAC has not been fully elucidated. We report that SLC7A11 function requires autophagy machinery for proper membrane localization in PDAC, allowing proper cystine transport. Our findings continue to support the use of autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer by demonstrating that this leads to inactivation of SLC7A11 and disruption of cysteine homeostasis.
Two weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in endurance athletes
Authors: Chen Yun‐Tsung , Hsieh Yao‐Yi , Ho Jen‐Yu , Lin Tung‐Yi , Lin Jung‐Charng 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of 2 weeks of detraining on cardiopulmonary function and muscular fitness in 15 endurance‐trained male athletes (age: 19–26 years; height: 176.1 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 68.3 ± 7.6 kg). VO2max, exercise time to exhaustion (ET), maximal stroke volume (SVmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), isokinetic muscle strength, and muscle endurance were measured before and after 2 weeks of detraining. We determined that short‐term detraining resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in VO2max, ET, SVmax and isokinetic knee extensor strength but not in isokinetic knee flexor strength or muscle endurance. HRmax and body mass increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas body fat percentage remained stable after detraining. Furthermore, significant correlations were identified between VO2max and SVmax (p < 0.01, r = 0.6) and between VO2max and knee extensor strength (p < 0.01, r = 0.6). The results suggest that 2 weeks of detraining reduces cardiopulmonary functions, possibly as a result of the attenuation of hemodynamic and neuromuscular adaptations. Moreover, we observed that short periods of detraining appeared to increase lean mass and maintain muscle endurance in endurance runners.Highlights
Two weeks of detraining reduces VO2max, SVmax and muscle strength but maintains muscle endurance in male runners.
Short periods of detraining may enhance anabolic hormonal milieu and increase lean mass.
Detraining reduced cardiopulmonary function is associated with attenuation of hemodynamic and muscle adaptations.
Elasticity theory in general relativity
Authors: Brown J David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The general relativistic theory of elasticity is reviewed from a Lagrangian, as opposed to Eulerian, perspective. The equations of motion and stress–energy–momentum tensor for a hyperelastic body are derived from the gauge–invariant action principle first considered by DeWitt. This action is a natural extension of the action for a single relativistic particle. The central object in the Lagrangian treatment is the Landau–Lifshitz radar metric, which is the relativistic version of the right Cauchy–Green deformation tensor. We also introduce relativistic definitions of the deformation gradient, Green strain, and first and second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensors. A gauge-fixed description of relativistic hyperelasticity is also presented, and the nonrelativistic theory is derived in the limit as the speed of light becomes infinite.
Some considerations for designing a pneumatic micro-droplet generator
Authors: Bao Weijie , Wang Yiwei , Yang Baojun , Wang Zhihai , Wang Yaohong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Micro-droplet ejection is a liquid dispensing technology that has potential applications in many fields. Specifically, pneumatic ejection is actuated by a solenoid valve, which is set to ‘conduction’ state for a brief period of time Δt. High pressure gas of P
0 enters the liquid reservoir, then releases through a venting tube, creating a oscillating pressure waveform P(t), forcing the liquid out through a tiny nozzle to form a micro-droplet. For each actuation, P(t) is acquired by a high-speed pressure sensor, and the ejection state is obtained by high-speed photography and image processing methods. Some issues for the design of pneumatic micro-droplet ejector are discussed. For simulation of P(t), it is proposed within an electro-acoustic analogy picture that the acoustic resistance of the venting tube is mainly due to viscous effect and may vary with time during the whole ejection process. Based on this assumption, the calculated P(t) is more consistent with the actual measurement. Experimentally, the droplet ejection process for different length of venting tube is studied. With P
0 and Δt set, by increasing the venting tube length L, both the peak value P
MAX1 and duration of the first positive pressure period increase, and more droplets are ejected from a single actuation. By setting different P
0, P
MAX1 for different L is tuned to an identical and appropriate value, so that single droplet is ejected due to the first positive pressure period. However, with the increase of L, the peak value of the second positive pressure period P
MAX2 increases. There is a certain probability that another droplet is ejected. It is realized that the increase of L can reduce gas consumption, but the multiple ejection is a drawback that should be considered in the design of pneumatic ejection system.