bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Priori and a Posteriori Error Analysis of the Crouzeix–Raviart and Morley FEM with Original and Modified Right-Hand Sides
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Nataraj Neela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article on nonconforming schemes for m harmonic problems
simultaneously treats the Crouzeix–Raviart (

m
=
1

{m=1}

) and the
Morley finite elements (

m
=
2

{m=2}

) for the original and for modified right-hand side F
in the dual space

V
*

:=

H

-
m

⁢

(
Ω
)

{V^{*}:=H^{-m}(\Omega)}

to the energy space

V
:=

H
0
m

⁢

(
Ω
)

{V:=H^{m}_{0}(\Omega)}

.
The smoother

J
:

V
nc

→
V

{J:V_{\mathrm{nc}}\to V}

in this paper is a companion operator, that is a
linear and bounded right-inverse to the nonconforming interpolation operator

I
nc

:

V
→

V
nc

{I_{\mathrm{nc}}:V\to V_{\mathrm{nc}}}

, and modifies the discrete right-hand side

F
h

:=

F
∘
J

∈

V
nc
*

{F_{h}:=F\circ J\in V_{\mathrm{nc}}^{*}}

. The
best-approximation property of the modified scheme from Veeser et al. (2018)
is recovered and complemented with an analysis of the convergence rates
in weaker Sobolev norms. Examples with oscillating data
show that the original method may fail to
enjoy the best-approximation property but can also be better than the
modified scheme. The a posteriori analysis of this paper concerns data oscillations
of various types in a class of right-hand sides

F
∈

V
*

{F\in V^{*}}

. The reliable error estimates
involve explicit constants and can be recommended for explicit error control of the piecewise energy norm. The efficiency follows solely up to data oscillations and examples
illustrate this can be problematic.
Riesz means on homogeneous trees
Authors: Papageorgiou Effie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let 𝕋 be a homogeneous tree. We prove that if f ∈ Lp
(𝕋), 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, then the Riesz means Sz
R
(f) converge to f everywhere as R → ∞, whenever Re z > 0.
Im Treibhaus der Polarisierung Amerikanische Zivilgesellschaft und Demokratie in der Präsidentschaft Donald J. Trumps
Authors: Ruß-Sattar Sabine 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Präsidentschaft Trumps war zweifellos ein Stresstest für das Verfassungsgefüge der amerikanischen Demokratie. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die nicht formal organisierte Seite der Demokratie, nämlich die Zivilgesellschaft, unter der Rahmenbedingung der starken politischen Polarisierung entwickelt hat und nimmt dabei die wichtigsten sozialen Bewegungen dieses Zeitraums in den Fokus.
Lewis acid / Base-free Strategy for the Synthesis of 2-Arylthio and Selenyl Benzothiazole / Thiazole and Imidazole
Authors: Balakishan Guniganti , Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Narayanarao Vykunthapu , Shankaraiah Pagilla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Cu(II)-catalyzed Csp2-Se and Csp2-Sulfur bond formation was achieved with moderate to good yields without the aid of Lewis acid and base. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of heterocycles such as benzothiazole, thiazole, and imidazole. Also, this typical protocol is found to be active in thio-selenation via S-H activation. Additionally, we proposed a plausible mechanistic pathway involving Cu(III) putative intermediate.
Hypergeometric fractional derivatives formula of shifted Chebyshev polynomials: tau algorithm for a type of fractional delay differential equations
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Waleed M. , Machado José A. Tenreiro , Youssri Youssri H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an explicit formula that approximates the fractional derivatives of Chebyshev polynomials of the first-kind in the Caputo sense. The new expression is given in terms of a terminating hypergeometric function of the type 4
F
3(1). The integer derivatives of Chebyshev polynomials of the first-kind are deduced as a special case of the fractional ones. The formula will be applied for obtaining a spectral solution of a certain type of fractional delay differential equations with the aid of an explicit Chebyshev tau method. The shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the first-kind are selected as basis functions and the spectral tau method is employed for obtaining the desired approximate solutions. The convergence and error analysis are discussed. Numerical results are presented illustrating the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
A gendered academy – women’s experiences from higher education in Cameroon
Authors: Atanga Lilian Lem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Women make up less than 20% of the faculty in Cameroon and continue to work in male-dominated workplaces against a context of patriarchal gendered ideologies. This paper explores women’s experiences in the academy in Cameroon, highlighting the way they navigate these challenges to position themselves in higher education. Through autoethnography and critical discourse analysis, it examines literature within the area of gendered discourse and texts on higher education, and the author’s personal experiences as a female academic in Cameroon. It is argued in this paper that the challenges of women are higher and include rendering content of teaching and research gendered, appropriating gendered identities as women, and asserting themselves in research, publication, and administration. Language is considered as the vehicle for disempowering women in the academy. Thus, women are called upon to demystify stereotypes about femininity and women’s place in the academy through language use. That deconstruction of roles must start with gender-sensitive language use.
Obstacles to Using Chinese Film to Promote China’s Soft Power: Some Evidence from the North American Market
Authors: Rosen Stanley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
China’s use of film to project soft power has been unsuccessful. However, the generation of soft power through its film industry is not China’s highest priority. The pursuit of soft power, including through film, is much more directed toward the domestic audience in China, reflecting the greater importance of political and social stability, along with ensuring the patriotism of youth. Moreover, given the origins of the soft power concept and the methodologies used to evaluate countries on a soft power scale, countries that are not liberal democracies will never be able to score high on any soft power ranking. Using empirical data such as box office figures, and Chinese and Western media sources, it will be shown that the lack of success of Chinese films in overseas markets stems in part from structural reasons beyond China’s control, but also in part because of decisions made by Chinese state officials and the filmmakers themselves.
Three is a Crowd: Using Reciprocity to Explain Involvement in Ongoing Disputes
Authors: Rudkevich Gennady 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I investigate the determinants of interstate political alignment, examining why states take part in ongoing conflicts and which side they take in them. The puzzle I seek to address is why some states are much more likely to gain support than others, and whether the likelihood of such support varies on the basis of the issue under dispute and the characteristics of the state itself. I emphasize the interests of rulers, particularly their need to obtain support on issues of high salience to them. The desire for future reciprocity lies at the heart of these alignment decisions. First, leaders consistently reciprocate positive and negative alignments. Second, rulers avoid positively aligning with leaders of unstable or politically unrepresentative states, as the latter are less likely to be in a position to return the favor. In order to test this alignment explanation, I compile a dataset of interventions into existing wars, MIDs, and sanctions regimes, covering the 1816–1999 time period. The results show that not all types of states are likely to enter an ongoing conflict. When those states do join a dispute, they do so on the side of those who helped them in the past.
Axial and lateral stiffness of spherical self-balancing fiber reinforced rubber pipes under internal pressure
Authors: Xu Guo-min , Shuai Chang-geng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fiber reinforced rubber pipes are widely used to transport fluid at locations requiring flexible connections in pipeline systems. The spherical self-balancing fiber reinforced rubber pipes with low stiffness are drawing attention because of their vibration suppression performance under high internal pressure. In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to calculate the axial stiffness and lateral stiffness of spherical self-balancing fiber reinforced rubber pipes. The inhomogeneous anisotropy of the reinforced layer and the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the reinforced fiber are considered in the model. The accuracy of the model is verified by experimental results. Theoretical calculation finds that both the axial and lateral stiffness are influenced significantly by the key structural parameters of the pipe (the axial length, the circumferential radius at the end, the meridional radius, and the initial winding angle). The stiffness can be reduced remarkably with optimal meridional radius and initial winding angle, without any side effect on the self-balance of the pipe. The investigation methods and results presented in this paper will provide guidance for design of fiber reinforced rubber pipes in the future.
Evaluating Moisture Damage Using Impact Resonance Test
Authors: Yadav Shivpal , Kusam Abhilash , Tayebali Akhtarhusein A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures has been a major cause for premature failure of asphalt pavements for decades. Although a lot of research has been done and many test methods have been developed to evaluate moisture damage in asphalt mixtures, not much research has been done on the use of nondestructive testing techniques to evaluate moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. The impact resonance (IR) test is a nondestructive test that is used to determine material properties like dynamic elastic modulus. The IR test on asphalt mixtures is done on a thin-disk specimen (150-mm diameter and 25-mm thickness). In this study, the IR test was used to assess moisture damage in asphalt mixtures by determining the resonant frequency of asphalt mixture samples in the unconditioned and moisture conditioned state. The relative reduction (ER) in dynamic elastic modulus was calculated as the ratio of the resonant frequency of conditioned and unconditioned specimens from the IR test, which was used to evaluate moisture damage. Moisture sensitivity of the asphalt mixtures was also determined by the tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. Two different moisture conditioning procedures were used for both the IR test and TSR test—modified AASHTO T 283 (Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage) and Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MIST) conditioning. Six different mixtures from three different aggregate sources were used in this study. A good correlation was observed between TSR values from the TSR test using both conditioning procedures and the ER values from the IR test using both conditioning procedures for the asphalt mixtures used in this study. This study shows that the IR test can be used to evaluate moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. This study also explored the effects of various parameters such as support condition, impact source, and impact location on the resonant frequency from the IR test.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Activities of CuO Nanopellets Synthesized by Surfactant-Free Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Sathyananda H. M. , Prashanth P. A. , Prashanth G. K. , Nagabhushana B. M. , Krishnaiah G. M. , Nagendra H. G. , Dileep M. S. , Ananda S. , Boselin Prabhu S. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Copper oxide nanopellets (CONPs) were produced by hydrothermal strategy. The particles were characterized by distinctive techniques. The synthesized particles were found to have pellet morphology with nonuniform thickness and varying sizes extending between 200 and 550 nm. Studies revealed their microbial nature against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microscopic organisms, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Escherichia coli and a plant parasitic pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Studies demonstrated the antioxidant ability of CONPs at higher concentrations. In this paper, cytotoxicity was measured by blood hemolysis. Anticancer activity of CONPs tested against PC-3, HCT116, A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines after 24 hours exhibited IC50 values of 72.27, 144.2, 173.9, and 13.07 μg/mL, respectively. Although these phenomena have been determined in other reports, this report is indeed of significance for CONPs within the particle length of 200–550 nm.
Experimental Proof of Reverse Bending Technique for Modifying Weld Residual Stress in Weld CTOD Specimen and Comparison of Effect with Other Techniques
Authors: Tagawa Tetsuya , Morikage Yasushi , Kubo Takahiro , Handa Tsunehisa , Mikami Yoshiki , Kawabata Tomoya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In fracture toughness testing of welds, weld residual stress often makes it difficult to obtain a straight precrack front. Therefore, BS 7448-2, Fracture Mechanics Toughness Tests. Method for Determination of KIc, Critical CTOD and Critical J Values of Welds in Metallic Materials, and ISO 15653, Metallic Materials – Method of Test for the Determination of Quasistatic Fracture Toughness of Welds, recommend techniques for modifying weld residual stress to achieve a straight precrack front. BS 7448-2 prescribes three techniques: local compression, reverse bending, and a stepwise high stress ratio (R-ratio) technique. However, in ISO 15653, which was newly published in 2010, the reverse bending technique was rejected because detailed conditions for obtaining a reliable effect were not provided. In the revision of ISO 15653 in 2018, the reverse bending technique was revived with a proposal of appropriate conditions. The present paper reviews the conditions of reverse bending proposed in the revision of ISO 15653, together with the technical background. The effectiveness of the proposed reverse bending conditions is demonstrated experimentally by precracking in weld specimens with a thickness of 127 mm (5 inches). The effects of the two other techniques, i.e., the local compression and stepwise high R-ratio techniques, are also examined, and the effects of each technique on crack front straightness and the required fatigue cycles to finalize precracking are discussed.
“Simplified” Cracking Tests: Evaluation of the IDEAL-CT Performed Using a Marshall Testing Platform
Authors: Castillo-Camarena Elvis A. , Hall Kevin D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In considering the implementation of a cracking test for asphalt mixes, attention should be given to both the accuracy and the practical implications of equipment cost and ease of use. This study evaluated the applicability of the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT) performed using a Marshall frame with an in-house-assembled data acquisition instrumentation, compared with the Illinois flexibility index test (I-FIT) protocol using a modern asphalt materials performance test (AMPT). Both flexibility index (FI) and cracking resistance index (CRI) values were obtained from the I-FIT tests. Mixes representing five in-service pavements exhibiting different levels of cracking performance are included. Despite an unstable (and out of specification) loading rate on the Marshall testing frame, IDEAL-CT test results compared favorably with those of the I-FIT performed on the AMPT. The CTIndex exhibited less variability than the FI but more variability than the CRI. The CTIndex appears to discriminate cracking-related behavior in a manner consistent with the FI and CRI. This study indicates the potential for using the IDEAL-CT on a Marshall frame—offering laboratories potentially significant savings in both equipment and specimen preparation costs.
Bainite Percentage Determination and Effect of Bainite Percentage on Mechanical Properties in Austempered AISI 5160 Steel
Authors: Yang Mei , Sousa Bryer , Smith Richard , Sabarou Hooman , Cote Danielle , Zhong Yu , Sisson Richard D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis with Rietveld refinement was used to determine the percentage of each microstructural constituent in AISI 5160 steel parts, which were austempered at 315°C for 1 minute, 2 min, 5 min, 30 min, and 90 min, separately. Nanoindentation was also conducted to quantify the concentration of bainite to compare with the XRD results. Thus, the bainitic transformation kinetics for AISI 5160 was determined for the selected austempering temperature. The mechanical properties of these parts were also tested to investigate their correlation to the bainite percentage. The results show that the tensile properties, including the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation, increase with the austempering holding time at the selected austempering temperature, which corresponds to the bainite percentage increase. And in the same vein, hardness (both macro- and micro-hardness) decreases with austempering holding time, which corresponds to the martensite percentage decrease.
Prediction of Flow Stress and Forming Limits for IN625 at Elevated Temperature Using the Theoretical and Neural Network Approach
Authors: Morchhale Ayush , Kotkunde Nitin , Singh Swadesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the prediction of flow stress for IN625 has been done using two of the latest constitutive models, namely, modified Arrhenius (m-A) and combined Johnson-Cook and Zerilli-Armstrong (JC-ZA), and also by an artificial neural network (ANN) at 300, 473, 673, 873, and 973 K. On comparing the predictive efficiency of flow stress using constitutive models, the m-A model displayed better statistical parameters. It includes the effect of activation energy, temperature, and strain rate while predicting the flow stress, which are the most critical parameters while working at elevated temperature. The ANN approach helped predict the best flow stress results with the least average absolute error (AAE) of 0.93 % and the highest correlation coefficient (R) of 0.992. Further, the Barlat 1989 yielding function best predicted the yield loci among the Hill 1948 and Barlat 1989 criteria. The experimental stretch forming test has been conducted, and the forming limits improved by approximately 30.25 % as the temperature increased from 300 to 973 K. Additionally, the theoretical model, namely, Marciniak–Kuczyński (MK) model, has been used by inducing the combined effect of the constitutive model and yielding function for predicting the forming limits. The m-A constitutive model, in combination with Barlat 1989 yielding function, best predicted the forming limit curve. The ANN method has also been used after rigorously training the neural network, and it displayed the least AAE while predicting the forming limits. Thus, the neural network technique can be used as a modern tool to predict results involving extreme virtual experimental conditions.
The Rodrik Trilemma and the Dahrendorf Quandary: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Anheier Helmut , Filip Alexandru 
Published: March 2021

Rodrik’s Trilemma rests on the incompatibility of democracy, national sovereignty, and global economic integration: any two can be combined, but never all three simultaneously and in full. Addressing the same problèmatique but from a different perspective, Dahrendorf’s Quandary posits that, over time, maintaining global economic competitiveness requires countries either to adopt measures detrimental to the cohesion of civil society or to restrict civil liberties and political participation. The purpose of this article is to examine the empirical foundations of Rodrik’s and Dahrendorf’s propositions.
When one assesses developed market economies from 1991 to 2014, evidence suggests that only in rare cases can the Trilemma be overcome, and the tensions the Quandary hypothesizes build up to a significant extent. In most cases examined, however, the performance of the countries is too varied to support the broad claims Rodrik and Dahrendorf put forth in their respective writings. Specifically, next to the small group of five cases where either the Trilemma or the Quandary apply, there are twice as many countries that generally managed to grow moderately in terms of economic globalization, liberal democracy, and social cohesion while avoiding some of the tensions implied in the Quandary or reaching Trilemma conditions. For an even larger group of countries, the evidence suggests that growing economic globalization can coexist with lower societal stressor levels.
A service evaluation of the impact of adoption of JBDS guidelines for the management of glucose during labour and birth in women with diabetes
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Ahmed Suhail , Bossman Irene , Aung Ko Ko , Castro Erwin , Sathiskumar Pariasamy 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The aim of this retrospective observational study was to report on the impact of adopting the Joint British Diabetes Society for Inpatients (JBDS-IP) guidelines on the achievement of targets recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: We analysed case records of pregnant women with diabetes who delivered in the period between November 2017 and October 2018 from our data base ‘Euroking’ (Wellbeing Software Ltd, Mansfield). Data were collected in relation to the availability of a dedicated prescription chart in the notes, capillary blood glucose (CBG) monitoring, use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII), maintenance of CBG targets within 4.0–7.0 mmol/L, maternal hypoglycaemia during labour when on VRIII and neonatal hypoglycaemia.Results: Sixty women with diabetes in our database delivered during this period. Thirty-six (60%) were monitored with hourly CBG monitoring and 30 (50%) achieved CBG levels within the NICE recommended target range. Only five women (8.3%) were started on VRIII. There was no maternal hypoglycaemia in the VRIII group. One baby (1.7%) developed mild neonatal hypoglycaemia.Conclusion: Adoption of JBDS guidelines contributed to 60% of women with diabetes receiving complete CBG monitoring, of whom 70% achieved the NICE recommended target of 4.0–7.0 mmol/L during labour and birth. Repeat CBG measurements before starting VRIII, strict adherence to clear JBDS guidelines and protocols, daily review by the diabetes team during the working week and appropriate use of VRIII was associated with good maternal and neonatal outcomes.