bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENYEBARAN KONTEN YANG MENGANDUNG HOAX MENGENAI COVID-19 MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK BERDASARKAN UU ITE DAN HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Davina Azenia Tamara , Suseno Sigid , Haffas Mustofa 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the qualifications of contents containing hoax on Covid-19 through Facebook and Facebook’s liability as an electronic system provider based on the ITE law and criminal law. The approach method used in this study is a qualitative normative juridical approach with descriptive analytical research specifications, mainly describing the laws and regulations associated with legal theories. The results of this study indicated that the qualification of the spread of content containing hoax on Covid-19 through Facebook is regulated in Article 28 paragraph 2 of the EIT Law and Article 14 and Article 15 of the Law No. 1 of 1946 on Criminal Regulations. However, regarding the application of the articles in Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning Criminal Regulations, the majority of law enforcers are forcing it, because the elements in the article are no longer adequate when applied to cyber media. Furthermore, Facebook as an electronic system provider is not responsible for the faults of its users.Keywords: qualification of crime; hoax; covid-19; facebook. ABSTRAKPeneliti­an ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kualifikasi perbuatan penyebaran hoax mengenai Covid-19 melalui media sosial Facebook berdasarkan UU ITE dan hukum pidana serta pertanggungjawaban hukum Facebook selaku penyeleng­gara sistem elektronik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan spesifi­kasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu menggambarkan secara analitis peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan teori-teori hukum dikaitkan dengan permasalahan penelitian. Analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode analisis yuridis kuali­tatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hoax mengenai Covid-19 melalui media sosi­al Facebook dalam praktiknya diatur dalam Pasal 28 ayat (2), Pasal 14, dan Pasal 15 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan Pidana. Namun, terkait penerapan pasal-pasal dalam Undang-Un­dang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan Pidana mayoritas oleh pene­gak hu­kum dipaksakan, ka­rena unsur-unsur dalam pasalnya yang sudah ti­dak mema­dai apabila diterap­kan pa­da media siber. Kemudian, Facebook selaku penyelenggara sistem elektro­nik ti­dak dapat dimintai per­tanggungjawaban hukum atas kesalahan peng­gu­na­nya.
Clinical Efficacy of the Use of Honey as Wound Treatment in Surgical Site Infection due to Hysterectomy Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hartati  , Mufida Muzakkie  , Yusuf Effendi  , Ferry Yusrizal  , Ramzi Amin  , Cindy Kesty  , Vicela Patricia Virgyna  
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Honey is believed to be used in the topical treatment of wounds and burns due to its anti-bacterial and wound healing promotion activities. The sugar content in honey is high enough to inhibit microbial growth. This case report reports the clinical efficacy of using honey as a postoperative hysterectomy wound dressing with type 2 diabetes mellitus complications.
Case Presentation: A woman, 40 years old, lived in Palembang, housewife, came with complaints of open surgical scars and smelling pus. The patient is a postoperative patient with cesarean section with indications of a prolonged latent phase and macrosomia. The patient also had a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since 8 years ago. Intraoperatively, a wound dehiscence is obtained in the lower uterine segment and adhesions between the anterior uterine body and the omentum and transverse colon. The patient finally underwent a supracervical hysterectomy and the surgical secretions were examined for bacterial culture and antibiotic resistance. During wound care, the patient's surgical wound was treated using honey dressings. Patient experienced improvement after treatment for 12 days post-operation.
Conclusion: Honey has antibacterial and tissue regeneration ability which is high enough to heal surgical wounds. Further studies are needed for the application of honey to postoperative wounds more widely
UJI AKTIVITAS JUS BUAH JAMBU BIJI BERDAGING MERAH (Psidium guajava L.) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN TROMBOSIT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI KLORAMFENIKOL
Authors: Hosea Cindy Trie Permatasari , Jamaluddin Abdul Wahid , Adikurniawan Yuko Mulyono 
Published: May 2021

Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic disorder acquired in dogs and can be a life-threatening. Guava fruit and leaves extract are believed to improve thrombocyte counts. The purpose of this study was to prove that administration of guava juice could improve thrombocyte count in mice that have thrombocytopenia after induced by chloramphenicol. We were used 24 mice as samples divided into 4 groups : KS group (given aquades for 12 days), KN group (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days, then aquades on next 5 days), group P1 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 5 g/ml concentration on 5 next day); and group P2 (induced by chloramphenicol for 7 days then guava juice 10 g/ml concentration on the next 5 days). Thrombocyte count was measured three times, before treatment (day 0), after chloramphenicol induction (day 7), and after guava juice (day 12). Data of thrombocyte count was analyzed using one way Anova and Post Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the guava juice (Psidium guajava L.) concentration of 5 g/ml and 10 g/ml had significant effect (p <0,05) to increase platelet numbers in mice after induced by chlorampenicol dose 30mg/30grBW.
Comparative suitability of the feathers, peripheral blood and spleen tissue samples of chickens for the detection of Marek’s disease virus by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Rahman MW , Nooruzzaman M , Suma US , Chowdhury EH , Islam MR 
Published: May 2021

A total of 24 clinical specimens (10 feathers, 8 peripheral bloods and 6 spleens) were collected from 10 suspected outbreaks of Marek’s disease (MD) from Mymensingh, Tangail, Gazipur and Pabna districts of Bangladesh. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol originally described by Silva (1992) was adopted to detect Marek’s disease virus (MDV) genome in these specimens. All the tested peripheral blood buffy coat samples (100%) were positive for MDV in PCR, while 70% of feather samples and 66.6% of spleen samples were positive. A band of 317 bp size was found in all positive samples. A few samples also yielded additional bands of 185 bp size and/or multiple bands of larger than 317 bp size, indicating the presence of both virulent MDV and the vaccine virus. The study suggests that peripheral blood and feathers from live birds, and feathers from dead birds are the samples of choice for the detection of MDV by PCR.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 1-6
Pharmacophore Modelling-Based Drug Repurposing Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics
Authors: Rampogu Shailima , Lee Keun Woo 
Published: May 2021

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating effect globally with no effective treatment. The swift strategy to find effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is to repurpose the approved drugs. In this pursuit, an exhaustive computational method has been used on the DrugBank compounds targeting nsp16/nsp10 complex (PDB code: 6W4H). A structure-based pharmacophore model was generated, and the selected model was escalated to screen DrugBank database, resulting in three compounds. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies at the protein-binding pocket employing the CDOCKER module available with the Discovery Studio v18. In order to discover potential candidate compounds, the co-crystallized compound S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) was used as the reference compound. Additionally, the compounds remdesivir and hydroxycholoroquine were employed for comparative docking. The results have shown that the three compounds have demonstrated a higher dock score than the reference compounds and were upgraded to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies. The MDS results demonstrated that the three compounds, framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin, are promising candidate compounds. They have represented a stable binding mode at the targets binding pocket with an average protein backbone root mean square deviation below 0.3 nm. Additionally, they have prompted the hydrogen bonds during the entire simulations, inferring that the compounds have occupied the active site firmly. Taken together, our findings propose framycetin, kanamycin, and tobramycin as potent putative inhibitors for COVID-19 therapeutics.
Latent Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in Patients With Liver Failure: A 10-Year Retrospective Case-Control Study, 2011-2020
Authors: Yang Qingluan , Zhou Zhe , Yang Xuefang , Chen Yuming , Liu Aiping , Zhang Bingyan , Shao Lingyun , Zheng Jianming , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore potential risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and their impact on liver failure patient outcomes.MethodsA 10-year retrospective case–control study was conducted in adult participants, who were diagnosed with liver failure and had undergone CMV DNA tests. CMV reactivation cases were matched with controls at a 2:1 ratio based on age, sex, and year of admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore risk factors for CMV reactivation.ResultsBetween January 2011 and April 2020, 198 adult patients with liver failure and available CMV DNA test results were enrolled into the study. Among them, 33 patients had detectable CMV DNA in their plasma (16.7%). Clinical manifestations and liver function were comparable between the CMV reactivation and non-reactivation groups. However, CMV reactivation may triple mortality in patients with liver failure. We found that nearly 50% of patients in the CMV-positive group received glucocorticoids, compared to 13.6% in the CMV-negative group (P=0.000). The median total glucocorticoid dose included 836.5 mg of methylprednisolone (IQR 308.7-1259.0 mg) in the CMV-positive group, which was significantly higher than that in the CMV-negative group. A multivariate analysis revealed that glucocorticoid use significantly increased the risk of CMV reactivation (adjusted OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.61–14.49; P=0.005). Patients with CMV reactivation tended to be associated with higher white cell counts (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08–1.36; P=0.002).ConclusionsHigh intravenous glucocorticoid doses may be the most important risk factor for CMV reactivation in liver failure.
Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage Correlates With Serum Homocysteine Level in Community-Dwelling Elderly Chinese: The North Shanghai Study
Authors: Ren Zhongyuan , Zhang Jun , Yu Shikai , Zhao Song , Tang Jiamin , Zheng Yixing , Meng Weilun , Xu Chong , Zhang Yi , Xu Yawei 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Serum homocysteine (Hcy) level is associated with cardiocerebrovascular disease. However, the relationship between Hcy and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in non-hospitalized residents has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association of HMOD with Hcy in elderly Chinese.Methods: One thousand seven hundred and forty-four community-dwelling elderly Chinese (age ≥65 years) participated in the Northern Shanghai Study from Jun. 2014 to Aug. 2015. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as serum Hcy ≥15 mmol/L, and HMOD was estimated as arterial stiffness [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI)], cardiac impairment [left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and LV diastolic dysfunction], and renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio]. Linear and logistic regression models were built to explore the associations of HMOD with Hcy.Results: Among 1,744 participants, 632 (36.2%) were diagnosed as HHcy. HHcy group had more men (61.2 vs. 35.3%), with higher age (73.7 ± 6.7 vs. 70.4 ± 5.3 years) and BMI (24.2 ± 3.4 vs. 23.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2). Linear regression analysis showed that serum Hcy level was positively associated CF-PWV and negatively associated with ABI and eGFR. By logistic regression, HHcy was significantly associated with abnormal CF-PWV [odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–2.16] and ABI (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.04), and decreased eGFR (OR = 7.09, 95% CI 4.03–12.47) after adjustment for covariates. Moreover, similar associations of serum Hcy level with CF-PWV and eGFR were observed in subgroups by gender and hypertensive state.Conclusion: HMOD, particularly renal dysfunction and arterial stiffening, was significantly and independently associated with increased serum Hcy level in the elderly Chinese.Clinical Trial Registration: [ClinicalTrial.gov], identifier [NCT02368938].
Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals and Microbiome Taxonomic Profile of a Freshwater Stream Receiving Wastewater of Textile Industry
Authors: Odubanjo Grace Olunike , Oyetibo Ganiyu Oladunjoye , Ilori Matthew Olusoji 
Published: May 2021

Textile wastewater (TWW) contains toxic metals that are inimical to microbiome, aesthetic quality, and the health of the receiving freshwater. TWW-impacted freshwater (L2) was assessed for metals eco-toxicity and the consequent impact on microbiome taxonomic profile (MTP) compared to a pristine environment (L1). The conductivity (1750 μS/cm), chemical oxygen demand (2,110 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (850 mg/L), and salinity (5,250 mg/L) of L2 were far above the permissible limits. Mercury posed very high ecological risks in the water column of L2 as lead, arsenic, and copper exerted high risk in the sediment. The MTP of L2 revealed the dominance of Euryarchaeota (48.6%) and Bathyarchaeota (45.9%) among the Archaea. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased from 38.3 to 2.0%, respectively, in the L1 ecosystem to 42.1 and 12.9%, correspondingly, in L2. Unclassified Eukarya_uc_p (50.4%) and Fungi_uc (16.0%) were key players among the fungi kingdom in L2. The impact of the TWW on the microbiome was evident with the extinction of 6,249, 32,272, and 10,029 species of archaea, bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Whereas, 35,157, 32,394, and 7,291 species of archaea, bacteria, and fungi, correspondingly, exclusively found in L2 were assumed to be invading resident communities that combined with dominant autochthonous strains in shaping the ecophysiology dynamics in TWW-impacted freshwater. While the sensitive microorganisms in L2 are suggested bio-indicators of TWW ecotoxicity, the emergent and dominant taxa are pivotal to natural attenuation processes in the contaminated ecosystem that could be adopted for biotechnological strategy in decommissioning the TWW-impacted freshwater.
Polygenic Risk for Insomnia in Adolescents of Diverse Ancestry
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Chen Honglei , Lu Qing , Tong Xiaoran 
Published: May 2021

Background: Insomnia is a common mental disorder, affecting nearly one fifth of the pre-adult population in the United States. The recent, largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted on the United Kingdom Biobank cohort identified hundreds of significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), allowing the epidemiologists to quantify individual genetic predisposition in the subsequent studies via the polygenic risk scoring technique. The nucleotide polymorphisms and risk scoring, while being able to generalize to other adult populations of European origin, are not yet tested on pediatric and adolescent populations of diverse racial-ethnic backgrounds, and our study intends to fill these gaps.Materials and Methods: We took the summary of the same United Kingdom Biobank study and conducted a polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis on a multi-ethnicity, pre-adult population provided by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Results: The PRSs according to the significant nucleotide polymorphisms found in white British adults is a strong predictor of insomnia in children of similar European background but lacks power in non-European groups.Conclusions: Through polygenic risk scoring, the knowledge of insomnia genetics summarized from a white adult study population is transferable to a younger age group, which aids the search of actionable targets of early insomnia prevention. Yet population stratification may prevent the easy generalization across ethnic lines; therefore, it is necessary to conduct group specific studies to aid people of non-European genetic background.
Immunomodulatory and Mechanistic Considerations of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in Dysfunctional Immune Responses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Umeoguaju Francis U. , Ephraim-Emmanuel Benson C. , Uba Joy O. , Bekibele Grace E. , Chigozie Nwondah , Orisakwe Orish Ebere 
Published: May 2021

Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS intake on immune mediators. The Scopus and PUBMED databases were searched for all human and animal studies that investigated the effect of HS administration on immune related biomarkers. For each of the immune biomarkers, the mean, standard deviation and number of subjects were extracted for both the HS treated and untreated group. These values were used in the computation of standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis and forest plot were done with R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Twenty seven (27) studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty two (22) of the studies were used for the meta-analysis which included a total of 1211 subjects. The meta-analysis showed that HS administration significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α (n=10; pooled SMD: -1.55; 95% CI: -2.43, -0.67; P &lt; 0.01), IL-6 (n=11; pooled SMD:-1.09; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.40; P &lt; 0.01), IL-1β (n=7; pooled SMD:-0.62; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.00; P = 0.05), Edema formation (n=4; pooled SMD: -2.29; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.11; P = 0.04), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (n=4; pooled SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.57; P &lt; 0.01) and Angiotensin converting enzyme cascade (n=6; pooled SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.25; P &lt; 0.01). The levels of IL-10 (n=4; pooled SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -1.67, 0.91; P = 0.56), Interleukin 8 (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.12; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.51; P = 0.71), iNOS (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.69; 95% CI: -1.60, 0.23 P = 0.14) and C- Reactive Protein (n=4; pooled SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.36; P = 0.75), were not significantly changed by HS administration. Some of the results had high statistical heterogeneity. HS may be promising in the management of disorders involving hyperactive immune system or chronic inflammation.
Marginal Zone B Cells Assist With Neutrophil Accumulation to Fight Against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Lo Li-Wen , Chang Chia-Wei , Chiang Ming-Feng , Lin I-Ying , Lin Kuo-I 
Published: May 2021

In addition to regulating immune responses by producing antibodies that confer humoral immunity, B cells can also affect these responses by producing cytokines. How B cells participate in the clearance of pathogenic infectionsviafunctions other than the production of pathogen-specific antibodies is still largely unknown. Marginal zone (MZ) B cells can quickly respond to bacterial invasion by providing the initial round of antibodies. After a bloodborne bacterial infection, neutrophils promptly migrate to the MZ. However, the mechanisms regulating neutrophil accumulation in the MZ during the initial phase of infection also remain obscure. Here, we found that MZ B cell-deficient mice are more susceptible to systemicStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) infection compared with wildtype mice. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL1/CXCL2 in MZ B cells increased significantly in mice at 3–4 h after infection withS. aureus, then decreased at 24 h post-infection. After systemicS. aureusinfection, splenic neutrophils express increased CXCR2 levels. Our results from confocal microscopy imaging of thick-section staining demonstrate that neutrophils in wildtype mice form cell clusters and are in close contact with MZ B cells at 3 h post-infection. This neutrophil cluster formation shortly after infection was diminished in both MZ B cell-deficient mice and IL-6-deficient mice. Blocking the action of CXCL1/CXCL2 by injecting anti-CXCL1 and anti-CXCL2 antibodies 1 h beforeS. aureusinfection significantly suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils to the MZ at 3 h post-infection. Compared with peptidoglycan stimulation alone, peptidoglycan stimulation with neutrophil co-culture further enhanced MZ B-cell activation and differentiation. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM-FRET) analysis, we observed evidence of a direct interaction between neutrophils and MZ B cells after peptidoglycan stimulation. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion in mice resulted in a reduced production ofS. aureus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M at 24 h post-infection. Together, our results demonstrate that MZ B cells regulate the rapid neutrophil swarming into the spleen during the early phase of systemicS. aureusinfection. Interaction with neutrophils assists MZ B cells with their differentiation into IgM-secreting cells and contributes to the clearance of systemic bacterial infections.
Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA on the Incidence and Severity of Arthritis in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Fadlallah Sukayna , Hussein Hadi , Jallad Mary-Ann , Shehab Marwa , Jurjus Abdo R. , Matar Ghassan M. , Rahal Elias A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe recently demonstrated that EBV DNA is correlated with proinflammatory responses in mice and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients; hence, we utilized an RA mouse model to examine whether EBV DNA enhances the risk and severity of arthritis and to assess its immunomodulatory effects.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were treated with collagen (arthritis-inducing agent), EBV DNA 6 days before collagen, EBV DNA 15 days after collagen, Staphylococcus epidermidis DNA 6 days before collagen, EBV DNA alone, or water. Mice were then monitored for clinical signs and affected joints/footpads were histologically analysed. The relative concentration of IgG anti- chicken collagen antibodies and serum cytokine levels of IL-17A and IFNϒ were determined by ELISA. The number of cells co-expressing IL-17A and IFNϒ in joint histological sections was determined by immunofluorescence.ResultsThe incidence of arthritis was significantly higher in mice that received EBV DNA prior to collagen compared to mice that only received collagen. Similarly, increased clinical scores, histological scores and paw thicknesses with a decreased gripping strength were observed in groups treated with EBV DNA and collagen. The relative concentration of IgG anti-chicken collagen antibodies was significantly increased in the group that received EBV DNA 6 days prior to collagen in comparison to the collagen receiving group. On the other hand, the highest number of cells co-expressing IFNϒ and IL-17A was observed in joints from mice that received both collagen and EBV DNA.ConclusionEBV DNA increases the incidence and severity of arthritis in a RA mouse model. Targeting mediators triggered by viral DNA may hence be a potential therapeutic avenue.