bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral circumflex femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following transfemoral coronary intervention
Authors: Davulury Sri Satyavathi , Bhan Vinod 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Post-femoral access arterial injuries are well-known entities with attendant complications involving common femoral, superficial femoral and profunda femoris arteries, and rarely, pelvic vessel injuries were described. We report the case of pseudoaneurysm of the lateral circumflex femoral artery following percutaneous coronary angioplasty for unstable angina and left circumflex coronary artery stenting. The patient underwent open surgical repair for femoral pseudoaneurysm with uneventful recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pseudoaneurysm from the lateral circumflex femoral artery following percutaneous coronary intervention.
Guillain–Barre syndrome: An atypical presentation of IRIS on initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a newly diagnosed HIV infected
Authors: Patel Hardik , Majumdar Debajyoti , Modak Dolanchampa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report the occurrence of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) along with disseminated histoplasmosis in a 45-year-old male who had tested seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Histoplasmosis was treated with conventional amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole. Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral drugs were initiated, as per the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) recommendations, and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. After 3 months of treatment, he was readmitted with rapid onset of bilateral weakness of limbs, initially lower and then progressed to upper limbs along with difficulty in swallowing. On evaluation, he had symmetrical quadriparesis in the form of motor weakness, loss of posterior column sense, bulbar involvement and bilateral facial lower motor neuron nerve palsy with areflexia. Elevated protein was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis of GBS was made, patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and invasive ventilatory support was added for respiratory paralysis. He showed clinical signs of improvement and was discharged in a favourable condition after 2 weeks. At the time of discharge, his CD4+ T-cell count was 586,000 cells/mm3 and plasma viral load was <150 copies/mL.
Resolving sub-internal limiting membrane haemorrhage mimicking as endogenous endophthalmitis
Authors: Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Mohanty Loknath , Thareja Japesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A 43-year-old male presented with painless loss of vision in the left eye (LE) of 5 days duration. The patient had been hospitalised for cerebral malaria and kidney infection. Streptococcus pneumoniae growth had been obtained from blood and urine cultures, and the patient had been diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis elsewhere. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in LE was 20/60, N12. Fundus examination showed a yellowish-white lesion in the macular area in LE. Optical coherence tomography revealed sub-internal limiting haemorrhage in LE. The patient was observed. Two weeks following presentation BCVA in LE improved to 20/32, N6 with almost complete resolution of lesion.
Efficacy of Topical Corticosteroid vs PUVAsol Following Split Thickness Grafting in Stable Vitiligo: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Mehta Prafull , Yadav Chinmai , Kumar Ramesh , Jain Suresh 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Vitiligo is a common, acquired, discoloration of the skin, characterized by well circumscribed, ivory or chalky white macules which are flush to the skin surface. Although majority of cases are managed by medical therapies, surgical methods are reserved for lesions not responding to medical treatment and are stable in nature. The basic principle surgical method is the transfer of melanocytes from uninvolved skin to the stable vitiligo patch in the form of either tissue graft or cellular graft.

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of topical corticosteroids and PUVAsol in repigmentation of vitiligo patch following split-thickness skin grafting.

Methods:
Twenty patients of stable vitiligo having total 30 patches were included in the study of which 15 completed it. Each patch is subjected to split-thickness skin grafting and then randomly divided into two groups of fifteen each. Group A received PUVAsol therapy while other received topical steroid therapy started 4 weeks after surgery. During the follow-up of 6 months, five patients were lost to follow-up; fifteen patients were evaluated for pigment spread and side effects at 1st, 4th, 8th, and 24th week.

Results:
Eight patients (61.53%) in PUVA sol group and seven patients (58.3%) in steroid group had excellent (>90%). Color matching of grafted area was observed to be better with steroid therapy (83.3%), then PUVAsol (76.9%).

Conclusion:
Although the extent of repigmentation was more in Group A (PUVAsol) then in Group B, the color matching and the side effect profile were improved in Group B (topical steroid). The use of topical corticosteroid is much less cumbersome, cheaper, and easy to administer at home. The limitation of our study was short follow-up and small sample size.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica through the Microscope
Authors: Mehrotra Parul , Tirumalae Rajalakshmi 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, idiopathic granulomatous dermatitis, known for its strong association with diabetes mellitus (DM). Most of the literature available is based on the western population, and studies focusing on histopathology are few. The largest series from India reported so far comprised six cases.

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to highlight the histopathologic spectrum and presentations of NL in Indian patients.

Methods:
We reviewed eight cases diagnosed as NL over 10 years. Clinical features were recorded, and various histopathologic parameters were reassessed.

Results:
The age ranged from 26 to 77 years with a mean of 42, with a female preponderance of 3:1. Clinical presentations included erythematous indurated plaques, painful nodules, and ulcers on the legs. Only one patient had DM. Provisional diagnosis ranged from granuloma annulare to mycosis fungoides. One patient had generalized involvement, with nodules on the upper limbs, trunk, and face. His DM was detected after the onset of lesions. Histopathologic features common to all cases were altered collagen, tiered arrangement of necrobiosis, myointimal hyperplasia and luminal narrowing of blood vessels, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. The upper dermis was involved in five cases and subcutis in four cases. The patterns of granulomas were mixed (6/8), tuberculoid (1/8), and palisading (1/8). Plasma cells were predominant in only one case. Perineural inflammation was seen in one case. A perforating variant was seen in one case. None of the cases had dermal mucin.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis of NL relies on clinicopathologic correlation. Our series highlights variations in histopathology compared to classically described findings such as involvement of upper dermis, striking vascular changes, rarity of palisading granulomas, perineural inflammation, and paucity of plasma cells. It is important to be aware of these in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
Detection of porphyromonas gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma using qRT-PCR: A comparative study
Authors: Suganya G , Sahana NS , Akalya P , Yadav Satish T. , Suresh T , Chandrakala J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Recent researches has shown a significant association between microorganisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Porphyromonas gingivalis, the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is considered as an important potential etiologic agent of OSCC, but the underlying mechanisms by which P. gingivalis mediates OSCC progression remain poorly understood.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the levels of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa using qRT-PCR.

Method and Material:
Genomic DNA was extracted and quantified, and the expression of the P. gingivalis levels was done in 16 cases of oral potentially malignant disorders, 16 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 16 cases of normal oral mucosa by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results:
It was observed that there was an over expression of P. gingivalis in both oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma with good mean cycle threshold (CT) value of 27.00 and 27.55, respectively. When comparing the levels of P. gingivalis in three groups, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) showed higher expression than normal mucosa and in between two groups OSCC showed higher expression than OPMD and the difference is statistically significant with P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that there is an over expression of P. gingivalis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, compared to normal mucosa and highly expressed in OSCCs compared to OPMD. Increased levels of P. gingivalis in OPMDs and OSCCs may suggest the early event of tumorigenesis. Hence, it can be used as a valuable marker for early diagnosis, prognosis marker and in the identification of therapeutic targets.
The outcomes between cystic decompression and marsupialisation methods in odontogenic cysts and cyst-like tumours: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Rungsaeng Kannika , Pittayapat Pisha , Panya Sappasith , Kamolratanakul Paksinee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context:
Marsupialization and decompression are treatments designed to reduce hydrostatic pressure which results in reducing the cystic size and increasing the bone density of the lesion.

Aims:
To compare the percentage of cystic size reduction and the percentage of change in radiographic density from marsupialisation and two types of decompression: tube drain and stent.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective analysis of panoramic films was conducted to evaluate cystic size and intralesional density.

Materials and Methods:
Data were analysed from 40 cases, including 31 cases of odontogenic cyst and 9 cases of cyst-like tumour, treated at Chulalongkorn University’s Faculty of Dentistry from 2009 to 2019. The percentage of cystic size reduction and percentage of change in radiographic density were analysed before the procedure and three months after treatment. The density and size of the odontogenic cysts were determined using Image J software version 1.43.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
The percentage of cystic size reductions when using marsupialisation, decompression with a tube drain and decompression with a stent were 31.49 ± 7.43, 35.42 ± 10.58 and 30.99 ± 7.16, respectively (P = 0.366). The percentage of change in radiographic density was 25.21 ± 7.04, 27.09 ± 7.96 and 24.94 ± 5.35, respectively (P = 0.661). There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the groups.

Conclusions:
Decompression with a tube drain yielded both the highest percentage of size reduction and the highest percentage of change in radiographic density in the cyst, although this better performance was not statistically significant. We recommend decompression with a tube drain, as it effectively maintains an open drainage pathway and prevents collapse of the cyst opening. This continuous release of hydrostatic pressure is beneficial in promoting gradual bone healing and regeneration.
Quantification of DNA, in dried blood, saliva tinged with blood in comparision with fresh blood for forensic identification- A pilot study
Authors: Manjunathan Kangan , Bavle Radhika Manoj , Menon Mrinalini , Venugopal Reshma , Makarla Soumya , Nair Sankha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The important tenet of forensic science is personal identification based on DNA studies. The use of DNA has changed the specificity and sensitivity of victim identity tests associated with criminology, trauma, and natural disasters in Forensic Science. Blood is a proven source of DNA quantification for these analyses. The use of saliva, which can be acquired more easily in a simple and atraumatic method is gaining preference; as some of its advantages include – collection of larger sample numbers, easy replication of tests in duplicates and triplicates, and repetitions if advocated, can easily be performed. Though it yields a comparatively slightly lesser quantity of DNA, some of the samples – like dried blood and blood-tinged saliva, have the potential to be used in forensic sciences and provide a better result than simple saliva. Such samples are valuable sources of genetic material that can be utilized in crime and forensic investigations.
The present study is one of few studies to be explored in this sphere as very few studies using blood-tinged saliva and dried blood have been conducted so far.

Aims and Objectives:
To determine if blood-tinged saliva or dried blood yields a good amount of DNA. To compare it with fresh blood samples for authentication.

Materials and Methodology:
The study groups: Group A – n = 20 normal blood samples, Group B – n = 20 of saliva-tinged blood samples and Group C – Dried Blood samples from the same subjects. DNA was isolated from these 60 samples using Xplorogen DNA isolation and extraction kit. The quality and quantity of DNA isolation were determined using a spectrophotometric technique using a Biospectrometer.

Results:
The extracted DNA was quantified and the yield was 83.3 ± 9.4, 55.1 ± 7.4, and 73.4 ± 8.7 μg/ml in fresh blood, dried blood, and blood-tinged saliva, respectively. Out of the 60 samples assessed, all 100% samples yielded a sufficiently good DNA content. Extraction from Blood tinged with saliva showed promising results when compared to dried blood and the levels obtained were closely comparable to whole blood (fresh).

Conclusion:
Blood is a standard sample for ample DNA yields in forensic studies. We conclude in this study, that blood-tinged saliva gives an equally good sample for utilization in DNA detection in those situations where such samples are traced (even at a later date) at the scene of crime, or mass disasters for forensic analysis.
Sexual dimorphism in the permanent maxillary first molar in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mhatre Vibhuti Shreesh , Pathak Jigna , Choudhari Sheetal , Swain Niharika , Deshpande Sneha Masne , Terni Prachiti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Teeth, being the most stable tissues in the body, can serve as excellent sources in forensic investigations. Tooth size standards based on odontometric investigations can be used for sex determination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions of permanent maxillary first molars in a population of Maharashtrian ancestry.

Materials and methods:
This study was conducted on 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) of the Maharashtrian population, in the age group of 18–25 years. The buccopalatal (BP) and mesiodistal (MD) diameters of the maxillary first molars were measured using digital vernier callipers on the study casts.

Results:
Unpaired t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyse the data. There was a statistically significant sexual dimorphism (P < 0.01) in the permanent maxillary first molar dimensions in the Maharashtrian population.

Conclusion:
Sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary first molars may serve as a supplementary tool in sex determination and also provide population-specific baseline data.
Histomorphometric analysis of lichen planus and lichenoid lesions – Retrospective study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Manti , Rajasekhar Bandela , Shetty Vishwaprakash , Prakash Animelli Jacob , Rao Thokala Madhusudhan , Latha H Aparna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Though it has a different aetiology, lichenoid lesions and lichen planus are both chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous conditions with similar clinical and histological characteristics. Uncertainty persists despite the development of recommendations for distinguishing oral lichen planus from lichenoid diseases.

Materials and Methodology:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 25 cases of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), and normal oral mucosa (NOM) that had been histologically diagnosed. Using imagej analysis software, morphometric assessments of the cellular area, nuclear area, nucleus cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear diameter, and cellular diameter of suprabasal cells were performed on sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The data were then analysed using ANOVA.

Results:
Our study’s findings demonstrated that, in comparison to the normal oral mucosa, the mean values of the nuclear area, cellular area, nuclear diameter, and cellular diameter in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions were higher.

Conclusion:
In the current investigation, we also found that, in comparison to normal mucosa, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was lower in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions.
Unveiling the third dimension of tooth shape: 2D versus 3D geometric morphometry of human post-canine dentition
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Ahmed Junaid , Shetty Shravan , Jose Nidhin P. , Chowdappa Sharada , Chengappa Kavery 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Geometric morphometry is an effective tool for studying teeth morphology for quantifying variations in dental shape across individuals and populations. This study aims to analyse the dimorphism of human post-canine maxillary and mandibular tooth shape by utilising 2D and 3D landmark data and compare the effectiveness of both methods in detecting allometry and shape characteristics.

Methods:
Pre-treatment dental casts (N = 160) from patients aged 13–20 were digitised, and 2D and 3D anatomic landmarks on maxillary and mandibular post-canine teeth were marked. The data were evaluated using principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis, and regression analysis of shape coordinates with centroid size using MorphoJ morphometric software.

Results:
Principal component analysis revealed that 20–30% of the principal components explained 80% variation in tooth shape. The maxillary second molar and mandibular second premolar had the largest differences in variance between 2D and 3D data. The two-cusp type mandibular second premolar and maxillary second molar displayed the highest variation in 3D analysis. The mandibular second premolar (two-cusp type) had the highest overall accuracy in classifying sex, followed by the maxillary first and second molars.

Conclusion:
3D data collection offers advantages over 2D methods, but it has limitations and trade-offs. It can be time-consuming and expensive and require specialized equipment or software. 2D methods may miss important depth axis variation or capture biological variation. Researchers must carefully consider the benefits and limitations of both methods before choosing. This study provides valuable insight into post-canine tooth shape dimorphism and contributes to existing knowledge in the field.
Unveiling the enigma: Navigating extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease in the maxilla - A teen’s journey
Authors: Premalatha B , Raj K Barath , Balamurali PD , Arulvizhi M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), a rare histiocytic disorder, typically manifests as widespread lymphadenopathy. We present a unique case of extranodal RDD in a 14-year-old with a solitary maxillary lesion and mild bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy. Clinical, radiological, and histopathological assessments confirmed RDD, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach. Immunohistochemistry, including CD68, CD45, CD 1a, and S100, played a crucial role in diagnosis. Differential diagnoses encompassed Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Erdheim–Chester disease, lymphomas, and histiocytic sarcoma, necessitating meticulous evaluation. Surgical excision was performed due to bone involvement, leading to successful healing in six months. Our case underscores the significance of a multidisciplinary and scientific approach for accurate RDD diagnosis and management, especially in atypical intraoral presentations.
Role of Moisturisers in Atopic Dermatitis: Expert Group Recommendations from a Malaysian Panel via Modified Delphi Consensus Method
Authors: Affandi Azura Mohd , How Kang Nien , Kwan Zhenli , Yap Felix Boon-Bin , Chng Chin Chwen , Tan Wooi Chiang , Yap Evelyn Wen Yee , Selvarajah Latha , Raja Teeba , Kon Khen Meng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterised by dry skin, pruritus and recurrent eczematous lesions. Challenges in the management of AD include fear associated with the use of corticosteroids, compliance issues and frequent flare-ups impacting the quality of life. Moisturisers are the cornerstone of AD management. In this study, we aim to develop the evidence-based consensus recommendations regarding the role and choice of moisturisers for AD. An electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify the relevant articles using keywords such as ‘atopic dermatitis’, ‘eczema’, ‘moisturiser’, ‘humectant’, ‘occlusive’, ‘emollient’, ‘selection’, ‘ingredients’, ‘efficacy’, ‘safety’, ‘formulation’, ‘paediatric’, ‘adult’, ‘prevention’ and ‘guidelines’. A modified Delphi consensus methodology was used to achieve the consensus. A committee of nine dermatologists from Malaysia constituted the panel. Twenty-five questions belonging to five domains were drafted: (i) challenges impacting the regular use of moisturisers in AD; (ii) selection criteria; (iii) role of bioactive ingredients in alleviating AD symptoms; (iv) clinical effectiveness of moisturisers and (v) early initiation of moisturisers for AD prevention. Consensus was set a priori as a minimum agreement of 80%. The panel agreed that moisturisers for AD management should contain humectants, occlusives and emollients to replenish epidermal lipids, retain moisture, reduce inflammation and restore skin barrier function. Regular moisturisation decreases flare-ups and enhances the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids. The experts recommended selecting moisturisers tailored to patient needs, considering factors such as the intensity of skin dryness, site of application, formulation, active ingredients, environmental humidity, climate and cost.
Griscelli Syndrome
Authors: Hossain Symran , Singh Hemanta Kumar , Dhar Suman Sourav , Pattanaik Biswajit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder that is characterized by pigmentation disorder of the skin and hair, recurrent skin and sinopulmonary infections, neurologic problems, hypogammaglobulinemia, and variable cellular immunodeficiency. Three mutations have been described in different phenotypes of the disease. In most cases, GS leads to death in the first decade of life. We hereby report a case of 3-year-old girl child presenting with silvery gray hair, hypomelanosis, and features of hemophagocytosis. The probable diagnosis of GS type 2 (GS2) was made on a set of clinical features and laboratory criteria with hair microscopic findings. Our purpose is to emphasize the rarity of GS2 as a potentially fatal condition that can progress to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and the need for urgent intervention. Bone marrow transplant is the only curative treatment for GS2.