bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a scoping review of associated factors and systematic review of existing prediction models
Authors: Fleet Hugh , Pilcher David , Bellomo Rinaldo , Coulson Tim G 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after cardiac surgery and associated with increased hospital length of stay, patient morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify factors associated with POAF and evaluate the accuracy of available POAF prediction models. Methods: We screened articles from Ovid MEDLINE® and PubMed Central® (PMC) and included studies that evaluated risk factors associated with POAF or studies that designed or validated POAF prediction models. We only included studies in cardiac surgical patients with sample size n ⩾ 50 and a POAF outcome group ⩾20. We summarised factors that were associated with POAF and assessed prediction model performance by reviewing reported calibration and discriminative ability. Results: We reviewed 232 studies. Of these, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Age was frequently found to be associated with POAF, while most other variables showed contradictory findings, or were assessed in few studies. Overall, 15 studies specifically developed and/or validated 12 prediction models. Of these, all showed poor discrimination or absent calibration in predicting POAF in externally validated cohorts. Conclusions: Except for age, reporting of factors associated with POAF is inconsistent and often contradictory. Prediction models have low discrimination, missing calibration statistics, are at risk of bias and show limited clinical applicability. This suggests the need for studies that prospectively collect AF relevant data in large cohorts and then proceed to validate findings in external data sets.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Predictors of Prescription Opioid Use in a Longitudinal Community-Based Cohort Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Shiue Kristin Y. , Dasgupta Nabarun , Naumann Rebecca B. , Nelson Amanda E. , Golightly Yvonne M. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives Identifying factors associated with opioid use in middle-aged and older adults is a fundamental step in the mitigation of potentially unnecessary opioid consumption and opioid-related harms. Methods Using longitudinal data on a community-based cohort of adults aged 50–90 years residing in Johnston County, North Carolina, we examined sociodemographic and clinical factors in non-opioid users ( n = 786) at baseline (2006–2010) as predictors of opioid use at follow-up (2013–2015). Variables included age, sex, race, obesity, educational attainment, employment status, household poverty rate, marital status, depressive symptoms, social support, pain catastrophizing, pain sensitivity, insurance status, polypharmacy, and smoking status. Results At follow-up, 13% of participants were using prescription opioids. In the multivariable model, high pain catastrophizing (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval = 2.14; 1.33–3.46), polypharmacy (2.08; 1.23–3.53), and history of depressive symptoms (2.00; 1.19–3.38) were independent markers of opioid use. Discussion Findings support the assessment of these modifiable factors during clinical encounters in patients ≥ 50 years old with chronic pain.
The influence of ultrasonic vibrations on material removal in the silicon wafer polishing using DDCAMRF: Experimental investigations and process optimization
Authors: Srivastava Mayank , Pandey Pulak M 
Published: August 2021

The present experimental investigation attempts to understand and address the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on material removal in the polishing of silicon wafers (1 0 0). The requisite finishing experimentations were performed on an indigenously developed experimental arrangement of double-disc chemical assisted magnetorheological finishing (DDCAMRF) process with longitudinal vibrations. The MR fluid used in the experiments consists of a water-based suspension prepared by mixing suitable amounts of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), abrasive particles, and additives or stabilizers. The prepared MR fluid uses both mechanics and chemistry to finish the silicon surface. Mechanics is mainly responsible for micro-scratching of silicon surface, which gets “softened” by hydration utilizing DI water in the MR fluid. In this study, the ‘response surface methodology (RSM)’ was chosen for designing the experiments to evaluate the significance of different process factors, namely polishing speed, abrasive concentration, and ultrasonic power on the material removal rate (MRR) in DDCAMRF process. The material removed from the wafer surface was measured using the precision digital weighing balance. It was observed that the MRR was found to increase with the increase in various process factors used. Further, analysis of variance (i.e., ANOVA) technique with a 95% confidence interval was performed to analyze the significant contribution of different process factors on MRR. The validation of developed model was done by performing experiments on random and optimized set of process factors. From, the statistical investigation it was discovered that ultrasonic power has highest contribution of 57.9% on MRR, followed by the polishing speed (13.3%), and abrasive concentration (12.5%). Furthermore, a genetic algorithm optimization tool was utilized to obtain optimum set of process parameters to maximize MRR.
Panth Transport Limited: Digitizing Bulk Logistics
Authors: Kapoor Gopal , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

On 2 January 2018, V. K. Benugopal reviewed the company’s performance for the previous quarter. He thought about the challenges he had faced during the quarter and was convinced that time was running out to make things right. Benugopal took charge as chief executive officer (CEO) of Panth Transfreight Limited (PTL) in July 2017 and was entrusted with the responsibility of streamlining logistics operations for Indian Steel and Power Ltd (ISPL). He was also tasked with eliciting a cost savings of 10% from the existing logistics costs. From the very beginning, Benugopal made critical changes in how logistics operations were managed at ISPL. He centralized operations and contracts, and changed the freight-finalization process from destination-wise freight to a region/state-wise freight concept. He created an information-technology portal to allow for a digitized billing process, and implemented a vehicle-tracking mechanism. These changes created unrest among employees at the plants and confusion among transporters, which resulted in declining operational performance. Benugopal was anxious as he considered his circumstances. Did he do the right thing by implementing so many changes at one time, or should he have made these changes gradually and checked system readiness?
Employers’ potential liability for family and domestic violence: An Australian overview
Authors: Guthrie Rob , Babic Angela 
Published: August 2021

This article considers a range of legal issues that arise when family and domestic violence impacts upon the workplace. It examines the available data on the costs of family and domestic violence to employers and the community. It discusses the potential for employers to be affected by Australian State and Territory criminal and related laws that are intended to protect a person from family and domestic violence. Recent cases of discrimination arising from family and domestic violence are considered with some speculations as to other possible forms of liability for employers concerning work health and safety and workers compensation laws. The Australian Fair Work Commission’s determination of unpaid family domestic violence leave is also examined, as is the adoption of paid leave by some State and Territory governments and larger Australian employers. The article concludes with some reflections and speculations on how current laws may affect employers and what actions can be taken by employers to adopt supportive measures to protect employees. JEL Codes: K32, J28, L53
Technical Meets Traditional: Language, Culture, and the Challenges Faced by Hmong Medical Interpreters
Authors: Lor Maichou , Badenoch Nathan , Yang Mai Joua 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Ineffective intercultural communication can occur due to inaccurate medical interpreting for limited English proficiency (LEP) patients. Research shows that Hmong patients experience poorer quality interpreter services than other LEP populations. This study’s purpose is to understand Hmong medical interpreters’ perceptions of the factors that affect their ability to make accurate medical interpretations during clinical encounters. Method A qualitative study was conducted with Hmong-speaking medical interpreters. The interviews were semistructured, audio recorded, and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results 13 interpreters aged 29 to 49 years participated in the study. Three factors affected the interpreters’ ability to make accurate medical interpretations for Hmong-speaking patients: (a) matched gender between the interpreter and patient, (b) culturally taboo topics in communicating about reproductive body parts and sexual health/activity, and (c) culture and generational language differences between interpreters and Hmong patients. Discussion Clinical encounters that match patient–interpreter ages, gender, and/or local culture may reduce communication barriers.
Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy of the Lesser Toes: Clinical, Radiologic, and Pedobarographic Outcomes
Authors: Neunteufel Elena , Krenn Sabine , Chraim Michel , Amann Pascal , Greiner Fabian , Kranzl Andreas , Bock Peter 
Published: August 2021

Background: The minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) is a percutaneous operative technique with the aim to relieve the symptoms of metatarsalgia. To our knowledge, no previous research has analyzed both pre- and postoperative pedobarographic data including the changes in plantar pressure. Methods: Thirty patients (31 feet) were operated on with a DMMO and included in a prospective study. Clinical, radiologic, and pedobarographic outcomes were evaluated in comparison with the preoperative parameters. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score, the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were used in order to assess clinical parameters. Radiographs were taken to compare metatarsal lengths. The pedobarographic analysis served to determine plantar peak pressure (PPP) beneath the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Results: All scores indicated a significant mean pre- to postoperative improvement (AOFAS = 31.9 points, FAOS = 16.3%, FFI = 24.3%, VAS pain = 4.1 points, VAS general limitation = 3.3 points) ( P < .05). PPP was substantially reduced in the relevant area (M6 [plantar area beneath the second and third MTP joint] had a mean pre to post PPP = 14.15 N/cm2) and concurrently higher in the lateral and medial MTP joint areas (M5 mean pre to post = +14.37, M7 pre to post = +7.11). Our mean metatarsal shortening was 6.6 mm. However, our findings do not demonstrate a significant correlation between metatarsal length relationships and the prevalence of metatarsalgia. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in clinical scores and PPP. A statistically significant relation between metatarsal length and the prevalence of metatarsalgia was not found in this prospective case series Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Radiological and pathological assessment of response to neoadjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine treatments in a real-life setting—initial results
Authors: Moisander Mikko , Salminen Annukka , Jukkola Arja , Sassi Antti , Tervo Maija , Mäenpää Niina , Tiainen Leena , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Tolonen Teemu , Arponen Otso 
Published: August 2021

Background Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is an alternative to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with inoperable luminal-like breast cancers. Neoadjuvant cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor treatment combined with endocrine treatment (CDK4/6I + E) is interesting given the combination’s utility in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Currently, the literature on the radiological response evaluation of patients treated with neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E in a real-life setting is scarce. Purpose To conduct a radiological response evaluation of patients treated with neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E in a real-life setting. Material and methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical, pathological, and radiological findings of six patients with luminal-like breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E treatment. The radiological neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E response was evaluated with the RECIST 1.1 criteria and the pathological residual disease was assessed using the Residual Cancer Burden (RBC) criteria. Results None of the patients achieved a complete radiological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–determined response or a complete pathological response; three (50%) patients had a partial radiological response; in the three others, the disease remained stable radiologically. All of the tumors were rendered susceptible to surgical treatment. Two out of six (33.3%) patients had a moderate response (RBC-II); four (66.7%) had an extensive residual disease (RBC-III) in the final surgical sample. Conclusion Although none of the patients achieved a pathologically complete response, neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E treatment rendered all tumors operable. MRI appears to be reliable in the assessment of the neoadjuvant CDK4/6I + E treatment response in a real-life setting. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Comparison of Various Root Canal Filling Materials and Obturation Techniques for Primary Teeth Using Microcomputed Tomography
Authors: Ozturk Gulce , Aydinbelge Mustafa , Gumus Husniye 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different filling materials and obturation techniques for root canal obturation in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Eighty maxillary primary incisors were included in this in vitro study. After biomechanical preparation, all samples were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and root canal volumes were calculated. Samples were grouped according to filling materials and obturation techniques, with ten samples in each group. The samples were filled with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Vitapex using four different obturation techniques (local anesthesia syringe, lentulo spiral, pastinject, and lentulo spiral–ultrasonic activation). After filling, samples were scanned a second time using micro-CT and root canal volumes were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: When the ZOE and Vitapex were compared, it was observed that there were no significant differences between their postobturated volumes, percentage obturated volume (POV), internal void (IV), and percentage of internal void volume (PIV) ( P > .05). The local anesthesia syringe group had a significantly lower postobturated volume and POV, and a significantly higher IV and PIV for both filling materials than that by the other groups ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques ( P > .05). For the local anesthesia syringe group, postobturated volume and POV were significantly higher and IV and PIV were significantly lower with Vitapex than with ZOE ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques filled either with ZOE or Vitapex ( P > .05). Conclusion: Except for the syringe technique, no difference was observed between the ZOE and Vitapex materials. The syringe technique used in the primary root canal filling was less effective than the other techniques, which had similar efficacy, and in this technique, more effective canal filling was achieved with Vitapex.
A phase 3, open-label, randomized study of asciminib, a STAMP inhibitor, vs bosutinib in CML after 2 or more prior TKIs
Authors: Réa Delphine , Mauro Michael J. , Boquimpani Carla , Minami Yosuke , Lomaia Elza , Voloshin Sergey , Turkina Anna , Kim Dong-Wook , Apperley Jane F. , Abdo Andre , Fogliatto Laura Maria , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , le Coutre Philipp , Saussele Susanne , Annunziata Mario , Hughes Timothy P. , Chaudhri Naeem , Sasaki Koji , Chee Lynette , García-Gutiérrez Valentin , Cortes Jorge E. , Aimone Paola , Allepuz Alex , Quenet Sara , Bédoucha Véronique , Hochhaus Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) resistant/intolerant to ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are at high risk of experiencing poor outcomes because of disease biology and inadequate efficacy and/or safety of current therapies. Asciminib, a first-in-class BCR-ABL1 inhibitor Specifically Targeting the ABL Myristoyl Pocket (STAMP), has the potential to overcome resistance/intolerance to approved TKIs. In this phase 3, open-label study, patients with CML-CP previously treated with ≥2 TKIs were randomized (2:1) to receive asciminib 40 mg twice daily vs bosutinib 500 mg once daily. Randomization was stratified by major cytogenetic response (MCyR) status at baseline. The primary objective was to compare the major molecular response (MMR) rate at week 24 for asciminib vs bosutinib. A total of 233 patients were randomized to asciminib (n = 157) or bosutinib (n = 76). Median follow-up was 14.9 months. The MMR rate at week 24 was 25.5% with asciminib and 13.2% with bosutinib. The difference in MMR rate between treatment arms, after adjusting for MCyR at baseline, was 12.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.19-22.30; 2-sided P = .029). Fewer grade ≥3 adverse events (50.6% vs 60.5%) and adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (5.8% vs 21.1%) occurred with asciminib than with bosutinib. The study showed a superior efficacy of asciminib compared with that of bosutinib, together with a favorable safety profile. These results support the use of asciminib as a new therapy in patients with CML-CP who are resistant/intolerant to ≥2 prior TKIs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03106779.
Expanding the potential genes of inborn errors of immunity through protein interactions
Authors: Khan Humza A. , Butte Manish J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of genetic disorders that impair the immune system, with over 400 genes described so far, and hundreds more to be discovered. To facilitate the search for new genes, we need a way to prioritize among all the genes in the genome those most likely to play an important role in immunity.

Results
Here we identify a new list of genes by linking known IEI genes to new ones by using open-source databases of protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation. We analyze this new set of 2,530 IEI-related genes for their tolerance of genetic variation and by their expression levels in various immune cell types.

Conclusions
By merging genes derived from protein interactions of known IEI genes with transcriptional data, we offer a new list of candidate genes that may play a role in as-yet undiscovered IEIs.
Inhibition of STAT3 enhances sensitivity to tamoxifen in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Moon Seo Yun , Lee Heejin , Kim Seoree , Hong Ji Hyung , Chun Sang Hoon , Lee Hee Yeon , Kang Keunsoo , Kim Ho Shik , Won Hye Sung , Ko Yoon Ho 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The mechanisms of endocrine resistance are complex, and deregulation of several oncogenic signalling pathways has been proposed. We aimed to investigate the role of the EGFR and Src-mediated STAT3 signalling pathway in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells.

Methods
The ER-positive luminal breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D, were used. We have established an MCF-7-derived tamoxifen-resistant cell line (TamR) by long-term culture of MCF-7 cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay, and protein expression levels were determined using western blot. Cell cycle and annexin V staining were analysed using flow cytometry.

Results
TamR cells showed decreased expression of estrogen receptor and increased expression of EGFR. TamR cells showed an acceleration of the G1 to S phase transition. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated Src, EGFR (Y845), and STAT3 was increased in TamR cells, while phosphorylated Akt was decreased. The expression of p-STAT3 was enhanced according to exposure time of tamoxifen in T47D cells, suggesting that activation of STAT3 can cause tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Both dasatinib (Src inhibitor) and stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in TamR cells. However, stattic showed a much stronger effect than dasatinib. Knockdown of STAT3 expression by siRNA had no effect on sensitivity to tamoxifen in MCF-7 cells, while that enhanced sensitivity to tamoxifen in TamR cells. There was not a significant synergistic effect of dasatinib and stattic on cell survival. TamR cells have low nuclear p21(Cip1) expression compared to MCF-7 cells and inhibition of STAT3 increased the expression of nuclear p21(Cip1) in TamR cells.

Conclusions
The EGFR and Src-mediated STAT3 signalling pathway is activated in TamR cells, and inhibition of STAT3 may be a potential target in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. An increase in nuclear p21(Cip1) may be a key step in STAT3 inhibitor-induced cell death in TamR cells.
Downregulation of CCL22 and mutated NOTCH1 in tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma results in decreased Th2 cell recruitment and expression, predicting poor clinical outcome
Authors: Li Xuejie , Liu Zheqi , Zhou Wenkai , Liu Xiaofang , Cao Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma (T/MF SCC) exhibits a high rate of local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis. The effect of the tumor microenvironment on T/MF SCC remains unclear.

Materials and methods
Transcriptome and somatic mutation data of patients with T/MF SCC were obtained from HNSC projects of the Cancer Genome Atlas. Immune infiltration quantification in early- (clinical stage I–II) and advanced-stage (clinical stage III–IV) T/MF SCC was performed using single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and MCPcounter. Differentially expressed gene data were filtered, and their function was assessed through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression model were conducted to evaluate the survival of patients with the CCL22 signature. Maftools was used to present the overview of somatic mutations.

Results
In T/MF SCC, T helper (Th)2 cell counts were significantly increased in patients with early-stage disease compared to those with advanced-stage disease. Expression of the Th2 cell-related chemokine, CCL22, was downregulated in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that CCL22 was a good prognostic factor in T/MF SCC. A nomogram based on the expression of CCL22 was constructed to serve as a prognostic indicator for T/MF SCC. NOTCH1 mutations were found at a higher rate in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC than in those with early-stage T/MF SCC, resulting in the inhibition of the activation of the NOTCH1-Th2 cell differentiation pathway. The expression levels of CCL22, GATA-3, and IL4 were higher in patients with early-stage T/MF SCC than in those with advanced-stage T/MF SCC.

Conclusion
In T/MF SCC, high expression of CCL22 may promote the recruitment of Th2 cells and help predict a better survival. Mutations in NOTCH1 inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells, facilitating tumor progression through a decrease in Th2 cell recruitment and differentiation.