bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DC chopper‐based fast active power output reduction scheme for DFIG wind turbine generators
Authors: Zhu Jiebei , Deng Zhaoshun , Yu Lujie , Li Suxuan , Qu Chunhui , Qiu Wei , Adam Grain P. , Booth Campbell 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing penetration level of renewable energy results in unprecedented operational challenges of AC grids due to generation uncertainty and reduced inertia. In grid emergencies, Fast active Power output Reduction (FPR) is demanded to drop wind turbine generator (WTG) power outputs faster than usual. However, the power mismatch between WTG mechanical power input and reduced electrical power output resulted from FPR can lead to rotor overspeed, which cannot be timely nullified by slow‐responding pitch control. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel FPR scheme for doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based WTG through coordinated control of DC chopper and pitch angle. Specifically, the FPR command is executed by DFIG rotor‐side converter control, while rotor overspeed is restricted by triggering the DC chopper to dissipate the mismatched power. The pitch angle is actuated at a maximal rate to eliminate the mismatched power and switch off the DC chopper. The effectiveness of the proposed FPR scheme is verified through comparative simulation studies under FPR command execution and a grid fault. It shows the proposed scheme can achieve FPR in tens of milliseconds, avoid rotor overspeed and provide low‐voltage ride‐through capability in a fully‐controlled manner.
CNN‐based estimation of heading direction of vehicle using automotive radar sensor
Authors: Lim Sohee , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Byeong‐ho , Kim Seong‐Cheol , Lee Seongwook 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModern autonomous vehicles are being equipped with various automotive sensors to perform special functions. Especially, it is important to predict the heading direction of the front vehicle to adjust the speed of the ego‐vehicle and select appropriate actions. Here, we propose a method for estimating the instantaneous heading direction of a vehicle using automotive radar sensor data. First, using a frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the 77 GHz band, we accumulate the automotive radar sensor data for different movements of the front vehicle (e.g., stop, going ahead, reversing, turning left, and turning right). To distinguish the different movements of the vehicle, we use the convolutional neural network (CNN) and train it using the acquired radar sensor data. Because the CNN algorithm usually uses image data as input, it is essential to convert radar sensor data into image data. Therefore, we apply a high‐resolution angle estimation algorithm to the obtained radar data and convert it into a two‐dimensional range map. After the CNN model is trained with the obtained radar sensor data, various movements of the front vehicle can be classified with over 94% of accuracy.
Influence and compensation of the stator flux on the direct flux control sensorless technique for PMSMs
Authors: Grasso Emanuele , Palmieri Marco , Mandriota Riccardo , Gallicchio Gianvito , Cupertino Francesco , Nienhaus Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral techniques exploiting machines anisotropies have been proposed in literature for sensorless control of synchronous machines. Among them, the direct flux control (DFC) technique allows estimating the electrical rotor position by exploiting the zero‐sequence voltage of the machine. This work aims at analysing the effects of magnetic saturation on the application of the DFC technique to permanent magnet synchronous machines. This effect is present when stator flux is controlled during machine operation, leading to an error in the estimation of the electrical rotor position. Starting from an analytical model of the machine phase inductances, a complete mathematical description of the DFC technique is derived and presented. The proposed mathematical model shows how the estimated electrical rotor position is biased when operating under load conditions. Moreover, the result of the analysis of the DFC technique allows to refine the obtained estimate and to reduce the electrical rotor estimation error. Experimental results on a test motor are provided in order to verify and support the proposed mathematical model and technique.
Formation of complex organic molecules in molecular clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via the “energetic” processing of C2H2 ice
Authors: Chuang K.-J. , Fedoseev G. , Scirè C. , Baratta G. A. , Jäger C. , Henning Th. , Linnartz H. , Palumbo M. E. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The simultaneous detection of organic molecules of the form C2HnO, such as ketene (CH2CO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and ethanol (CH3CH2OH), toward early star-forming regions offers hints of a shared chemical history. Several reaction routes have been proposed and experimentally verified under various interstellar conditions to explain the formation pathways involved. Most noticeably, the non-energetic processing of C2H2 ice with OH-radicals and H-atoms was shown to provide formation routes to ketene, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) along the H2O formation sequence on grain surfaces in translucent clouds.
Aims. In this work, the non-energetic formation scheme is extended with laboratory measurements focusing on the energetic counterpart, induced by cosmic rays penetrating the H2O-rich ice mantle. The focus here is on the H+ radiolysis of interstellar C2H2:H2O ice analogs at 17 K.
Methods. Ultra-high vacuum experiments were performed to investigate the 200 keV H+ radiolysis chemistry of predeposited C2H2:H2O ices, both as mixed and layered geometries. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor in situ newly formed species as a function of the accumulated energy dose (or H+ fluence). The infrared spectral assignments are further confirmed in isotope labeling experiments using H218O.
Results. The energetic processing of C2H2:H2O ice not only results in the formation of (semi-) saturated hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6) and polyynes as well as cumulenes (C4H2 and C4H4), but it also efficiently forms O-bearing COMs, including vinyl alcohol, ketene, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, for which the reaction cross-section and product composition are derived. A clear composition transition of the product, from H-poor to H-rich species, is observed as a function of the accumulated energy dose. Furthermore, the astronomical relevance of the resulting reaction network is discussed.
Lebererkrankungen in der Ayurveda-Medizin
Authors: Stapelfeldt Elmar , Kessler Christian S. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDie Aryurveda-Medizin hält Diagnose- und Therapiekonzepte bereit, die seit vielen Generationen bei Lebererkrankungen zum Einsatz kommen. Ein multimodaler Behandlungsansatz umfasst eine spezifische Ernährungstherapie, Lebensstilberatung, Bewegungstherapie und Entspannungsverfahren, Phytotherapie, ausleitende Verfahren sowie manuelle und physikalische Therapien. Empirische Daten belegen die Wirkung.
Proposals for Antimicrobial Testing Guidelines Applied on Ajowan and Spanish Lavender Essential Oils
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia Oliveira , Fraselle Stéphanie , Baudoux Dominique , Zhiri Abdesselam , Stévigny Caroline , Souard Florence 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo fight the rising resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, a strategy followed by several researchers is to focus on natural compounds, such as essential oils, as a source of potent antibacterial compounds. These last decades, hundreds of original papers have been written about microbiological assays that prove the antibacterial activity of essential oils and their use in the medical field. But can we really compare all the data available in the literature when the raw material, the microbiological assays, and/or the strains are different from one article to another? This review will point out the differences and the inadequate practices found in published articles that tested 2 lesser-studied essential oils–Spanish lavender and the ajowan–by the broth dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogenic bacterium. Many pitfalls were found in the literature, for example, a variable chemical composition rarely underlined by the authors, unidentified strains or clinical strains used without a related antibiogram, a lack of quality controls, and the assertion of questionable positive results. At last, some general guidelines that should be followed by every scientific researcher will be discussed.
A Novel and Potent Thrombolytic Fusion Protein Consisting of Anti-Insoluble Fibrin Antibody and Mutated Urokinase
Authors: Hanaoka Shingo , Saijou Shinji , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used clinically because it has a higher binding specificity for insoluble fibrin (IF) than urokinase (UK), but even pro-tPA has catalytic activity against substrates other than IF. UK has the advantage that it is specifically activated on IF; however, it binds IF weakly. Previously, we established a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes a pit structure formed only in IF. Here, we developed a new mAb against the pit, 1101, that does not affect coagulation or fibrinolysis, and prepared a fusion protein of UK with humanized 1101 Fab to transport UK selectively to IF. In IF-containing lesions, UK is cleaved by plasmin at two sites, Lys158/Ile159 and Lys135/Lys136. Cleavage of the former leads to activation of UK; however, because activated UK is linked by S-S bonds before and after cleavage, it is not released from the fusion. Cleavage at the latter site causes UK to leave the fusion protein; hence, we mutated Lys135/Lys136 to Gly135/Gly136 to prevent release of UK. This engineered UK-antibody fusion, AMU1114, significantly decreased the reduction of plasma plasminogen levels in vivo relative to UK. In a photochemically induced mouse model of thrombus, the vascular patency rate was 0% (0/10) in the control, 50% (5/10) in the tPA treatment group, and 90% (9/10) in the AMU1114 treatment group. Although no death was observed 1 hour after administration of each thrombolytic agent, some mice died within 24 hours in all treatment groups, including control. These data indicate the need for further basic studies of AMU1114.
Heater–Cooler Devices and Risk of Contamination during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kaluza Mirko , Färber Gloria , May Benjamin , Dobermann Ute , Pletz Mathias W. , Edel Birgit , Löffler Bettina , Doenst Torsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Heater–cooler devices (HCD) have been implicated in a cardiosurgical contamination scenario causing prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Aim We characterized contamination of new HCDs and assessed the risk of intraoperative microorganism transmission from the HCD to the operating field.
Methods We initially acquired four new FlexTherm and then four new Maquet HCU40 HCDs and assessed occurrence and speed of microbial contamination (including mycobacteria) assessing swab and water samples from the device. In parallel, we collected repeated samples from different sites in the operating room either by swab sticks or by exposing different sample plates to room air. We also reviewed microbiological results from the hospital and compared them to cardiosurgical wound infections and endocarditis cases. Finally, we simulated cardiosurgical conditions and assessed the devices' ability to expel air to the operative field.
Results All new HCDs were clean before first use. Despite authority-mandated decontamination procedures, microbial growth (Fusarium solani, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium chelonae, and gordonae) was identified in all HCDs over time and could not be permanently eliminated. Four of these mircoorganisms were also found in tap water. However, none of the HCD-organisms were found inside the laminar airflow operating area. Importantly, except for P. aeruginosa, none of the HCD organisms were found in patients with surgical wound infections or endocarditis. HCD-expelled air did not rise more than 40 cm above ground.
Conclusion HCDs cannot be expected to remain sterile despite extensive decontamination procedures. However, airborne transmission of microorganisms directly from the HCD to the operating field appears unlikely.
Fibrinolytic Alterations in Sepsis: Biomarkers and Future Treatment Targets
Authors: Larsen Julie Brogaard , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening condition which develops as a dysregulated immune response in the face of infection and which is associated with profound hemostatic disturbances and in the most extreme cases disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In addition, the fibrinolytic system is subject to alterations during infection and sepsis, and impaired fibrinolysis is currently considered a key player in sepsis-related microthrombus formation and DIC. However, we still lack reliable biomarkers to assess fibrinolysis in the clinical setting. Furthermore, drugs targeting the fibrinolytic system have potential value in sepsis patients with severe fibrinolytic disturbances, but these are still being tested in the preclinical stage. The present review provides an overview of key fibrinolytic changes in sepsis, reviews the current literature on potential laboratory markers of altered fibrinolysis in adult sepsis patients, and discusses future perspectives for diagnosis and treatment of fibrinolytic disturbances in sepsis patients.
An “Occult” Popliteal Vein Aneurysm Causing Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Oladiran Adedapo , Maharaj Dale , Ariyanayagam Dinesh , Darling Ralph Clement 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPopliteal vein aneurysm (PVAs), though uncommon, can be a cause of pulmonary emboli. They can also result in pulmonary vein embolism despite the use of anticoagulation therapy. We report the case of an otherwise fit, 64-year-old male who had a history of sudden onset of dyspnea on exercise with near syncope. A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram confirmed filling defects in the lung bases in keeping with pulmonary emboli. He was anticoagulated and a venous duplex scan revealed a fusiform suprageniculate PVA with no evidence of thrombus in the lumen. He underwent resection of the aneurysm with lateral vein patch graft repair and was placed on anticoagulation for 6 months with no recurrence after 2 years of follow-up. PVAs are rare and can either be symptomatic or asymptomatic. We advise early surgical treatment to prevent the significant morbidity and mortality associated with thromboembolization. Written consent was obtained from the patient for publication of case and use of images.
Relationship between Mean Platelet Volume and Critical Limb Ischemia in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Rachmanadi Muhammad Berian , Ismail Muhamad Taufik , Anggraeni Vita Yanti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase from year to year. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus with a high mortality rate and requires amputation if not treated properly. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of platelet activation and is expected to be a predictor of CLI in diabetes mellitus patients.This article investigates the relationship between MPV and the incidence of CLI in diabetes mellitus patients.This case–control study was conducted using the vascular registry of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from January 2016 to December 2016. The relationship between MPV and the incidence of CLI was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis.There was a significant association between MPV and incidence of CLI in diabetes mellitus patient both on bivariate analysis (p = 0.035) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.029). Diabetes mellitus patients with MPV values of ≥ 9.8 fl had a protective effect to prevent the incidence of CLI (bivariate analysis: odds ratio [OR] = 0.366, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.142–0.943; multivariate analysis: adjusted OR = 0.288, 95% CI = 0.09–0.88). Confounding factors such as sex, age, obesity, and use of antiplatelet agents were not associated with the incidence of CLI (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, history of dyslipidemia as a confounding factor was significantly associated with the incidence of CLI (p < 0.05).Low MPV was found to be significantly associated with the incidence of CLI in diabetes mellitus patients.
Digital Health during COVID-19: Informatics Dialogue with the World Health Organization
Authors: Koch Sabine , Hersh William R. , Bellazzi Riccardo , Leong Tze Yun , Yedaly Moctar , Al-Shorbaji Najeeb 
Published: April 2021

Background: On December 16, 2020 representatives of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), a Non-Governmental Organization in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO), along with its International Academy for Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI), held an open dialogue with WHO Director General (WHO DG) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus about the opportunities and challenges of digital health during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
Objectives: The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes of the dialogue and discussions with more than 200 participants representing different civil society organizations (CSOs).
Methods: The dialogue was held in form of a webinar. After an initial address of the WHO DG, short presentations by the panelists, and live discussions between panelists, the WHO DG and WHO representatives took place. The audience was able to post questions in written. These written discussions were saved with participants’ consent and summarized in this paper.
Results: The main themes that were brought up by the audience for discussion were: (a) opportunities and challenges in general; (b) ethics and artificial intelligence; (c) digital divide; (d) education. Proposed actions included the development of a roadmap based on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions: Decision making by policy makers needs to be evidence-based and health informatics research should be used to support decisions surrounding digital health, and we further propose next steps in the collaboration between IMIA and WHO such as future engagement in the World Health Assembly.
Telehealth and the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Perspectives and a Health Systems Framework for Telehealth Implementation to Support Critical Response
Authors: Basu Arindam , Kuziemsky Craig , de Araújo Novaes Magdala , Kleber Araujo , Sales Fernando , Al-Shorbaji Najeeb , Flórez-Arango José F. , Gogia Shashi B. , Ho Kendall , Hunter Inga , Iyengar Sriram , John Oommen , John Sheila , Kulatunga Gumindu , Rajput Vije Kumar , Ranatunga Prasad , Udayasankaran Jai Ganesh 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Telehealth implementation is a complex systems-based endeavour. This paper compares telehealth responses to (COrona VIrus Disease 2019) COVID-19 across ten countries to identify lessons learned about the complexity of telehealth during critical response such as in response to a global pandemic. Our overall objective is to develop a health systems-based framework for telehealth implementation to support critical response.Methods: We sought responses from the members of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Telehealth Working Group (WG) on their practices and perception of telehealth practices during the times of COVID-19 pandemic in their respective countries. We then analysed their responses to identify six emerging themes that we mapped to the World Health Organization (WHO) model of health systems.Results: Our analysis identified six emergent themes. (1) Government, legal or regulatory aspects of telehealth; (2) Increase in telehealth capacity and delivery; (3) Regulated and unregulated telehealth; (4) Changes in the uptake and perception of telemedicine; (5) Public engagement in telehealth responses to COVID-19; and (6) Implications for training and education. We discuss these themes and then use them to develop a systems framework for telehealth support in critical response.Conclusion: COVID-19 has introduced new challenges for telehealth support in times of critical response. Our themes and systems framework extend the WHO systems model and highlight that telemedicine usage in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and multidimensional. Our systems-based framework provides guidance for telehealth implementation as part of health systems response to a global pandemic such as COVID-19.
Enhancing Safety During a Pandemic Using Virtual Care Remote Monitoring Technologies and UML Modeling
Authors: Borycki Elizabeth M. , Kushniruk Andre W. , Kletke Ryan , Vimarlund Vivian , Senathirajah Yalini , Quintana Yuri 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This paper describes a methodology for gathering requirements and early design of remote monitoring technology (RMT) for enhancing patient safety during pandemics using virtual care technologies. As pandemics such as COrona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) progress there is an increasing need for effective virtual care and RMT to support patient care while they are at home.
Methods: The authors describe their work in conducting literature reviews by searching PubMed.gov and the grey literature for articles, and government websites with guidelines describing the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the progression of the disease. The reviews focused on identifying gaps where RMT could be applied in novel ways and formed the basis for the subsequent modelling of use cases for applying RMT described in this paper.
Results: The work was conducted in the context of a new Home of the Future laboratory which has been set up at the University of Victoria. The literature review led to the development of a number of object-oriented models for deploying RMT. This modeling is being used for a number of purposes, including for education of students in health infomatics as well as testing of new use cases for RMT with industrial collaborators and projects within the smart home of the future laboratory.
Conclusions: Object-oriented modeling, based on analysis of gaps in the literature, was found to be a useful approach for describing, communicating and teaching about potential new uses of RMT.
Using Open Source, Open Data, and Civic Technology to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic and Infodemic
Authors: Kobayashi Shinji , Falcón Luis , Fraser Hamish , Braa Jørn , Amarakoon Pamod , Marcelo Alvin , Paton Chris 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The emerging COVID-19 pandemic has caused one of the world’s worst health disasters compounded by social confusion with misinformation, the so-called “Infodemic”. In this paper, we discuss how open technology approaches - including data sharing, visualization, and tooling - can address the COVID-19 pandemic and infodemic.
Methods: In response to the call for participation in the 2020 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook theme issue on Medical Informatics and the Pandemic, the IMIA Open Source Working Group surveyed recent works related to the use of Free/Libre/Open Source Software (FLOSS) for this pandemic.
Results: FLOSS health care projects including GNU Health, OpenMRS, DHIS2, and others, have responded from the early phase of this pandemic. Data related to COVID-19 have been published from health organizations all over the world. Civic Technology, and the collaborative work of FLOSS and open data groups were considered to support collective intelligence on approaches to managing the pandemic.
Conclusion: FLOSS and open data have been effectively used to contribute to managing the COVID-19 pandemic, and open approaches to collaboration can improve trust in data.