bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Phospholipids from Fishery By‐Products Attenuate Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Liu Jianmin , Xing Shu , Li Xiaobin , Han Liwen , Liu Kechun , Wei Tao , Zhou Mingyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the anti‐atherosclerotic properties of three marine phospholipids (MPLs) extracts from fishery by‐products including codfish roe, squid gonad, and shrimp head are verified. Their effects on key factors involved in atherosclerosis are examined and compared to explore whether the differences in their constitutions lead to the differences in the function. All three MPLs dampen oxidation of low‐ density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro. Treating RAW264.7 macrophages and HUVECs endothelial cells with each MPLs ranging 10–100 µg mL−1 does not decrease cell viability, yet ox‐LDL caused cytotoxicity of both cells are alleviated by 50 or 100 µg mL−1 MPLs treatment. In addition, the three MPLs reduce ox‐LDL induced macrophage foam‐like transition, mainly through inhibition of lipid uptake. Of the three MPLs, the one from squid gonad exhibits the best effect. On the other hand, all three MPLs modulate inflammatory responses, equally, by inhibiting the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells, and decreasing secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and MCP‐1. Using a high‐cholesterol diet induced zebrafish model, it is found that all three MPLs, especially the one from squid gonad, alleviates cholesterol accumulation in early plaques, and decreases total cholesterol as well as lipid peroxide in vivo.Practical Applications: As a way of making the best of the increasingly scarce marine resources, valuable lipid components can be recovered from by‐products and wastes from the fishery industry. Here, we tested the anti‐atherosclerotic effects and the mechanisms of three MPLs extracted from codfish roe, squid gonad, and shrimp head. Our study provides further evidence that marine phospholipids extracted from fishery by‐products could protect against atherosclerosis, and helps to elucidate the structure‐function relationship of MPLs.
Advanced methods to investigate hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments
Authors: Haun Stefan , Dietrich Stephan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydro‐morphology describes the interactions between water and sediments in fluvial systems and the corresponding processes across all spatial and temporal scales. The results are natural and anthropogenically influenced bed structures and fluvial landforms. However, many of these hydro‐morphological processes cannot be described analytically yet, as a result of their stochastic behaviour and the multitude of processes involved across spatial and temporal scales. Deeper knowledge of these processes is essential, not only for understanding the system itself, but also for practical applications, which rely on correct and reliable investigations of these processes. During the European Geoscience Union (EGU) General Assembly (GA) 2018 in Vienna, Austria, the conveners of the session on “Measurements, monitoring and numerical modelling of sedimentary and hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments” had the idea of initiating a special issue, containing a collection of recent achievements in this research field. The aim of this extended introduction is twofold. First, an overview on research needs in investigating hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments is given in this article. Second, recently published studies that aim to improve the understanding of hydro‐morphological processes in rivers, lakes and reservoirs by innovative measurement approaches are discussed. In addition to submitted papers collected from the EGU GA in 2017, 2018 and 2019, related studies published inEarth Surface Processes and Landforms(ESPL) over the last two years are also incorporated into this special issue. The papers selected cover a wide range of studies with differing spatial and temporal resolutions. This broad spectrum of different scales clearly indicates the challenges associated with the development and use of advanced methods for investigating hydro‐morphological processes in open‐water environments.
Structural differences in the hippocampus and amygdala of behaviorally inhibited macaque monkeys
Authors: Villard Justine , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Bliss‐Moreau Eliza , Capitanio John P. , Fox Nathan A. , Amaral David G. , Lavenex Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBehavioral inhibition is a temperamental disposition to react warily when confronted by unfamiliar people, objects, or events. Behaviorally inhibited children are at greater risk of developing anxiety disorders later in life. Previous studies reported that individuals with a history of childhood behavioral inhibition exhibit abnormal activity in the hippocampus and amygdala. However, few studies have investigated the structural differences that may underlie these functional abnormalities. In this exploratory study, we evaluated rhesus monkeys exhibiting a phenotype consistent with human behavioral inhibition. We performed quantitative neuroanatomical analyses that cannot be performed in humans including estimates of the volume and neuron number of distinct hippocampal regions and amygdala nuclei in behaviorally inhibited and control rhesus monkeys. Behaviorally inhibited monkeys had larger volumes of the rostral third of the hippocampal field CA3, smaller volumes of the rostral third of CA2, and smaller volumes of the accessory basal nucleus of the amygdala. Furthermore, behaviorally inhibited monkeys had fewer neurons in the rostral third of CA2. These structural differences may contribute to the functional abnormalities in the hippocampus and amygdala of behaviorally inhibited individuals. These structural findings in monkeys are consistent with a reduced modulation of amygdala activity via prefrontal cortex projections to the accessory basal nucleus. Given the putative roles of the amygdala in affective processing, CA3 in associative learning and CA2 in social memory, increased amygdala and CA3 activity, and diminished CA2 structure and function, may be associated with increased social anxiety and the heritability of behavioral inhibition. The findings from this exploratory study compel follow‐up investigations with larger sample sizes and additional analyses to provide greater insight and more definitive answers regarding the neurobiological bases of behavioral inhibition.
Bone fracture as a novel immune‐related adverse event with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Case series and large‐scale pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Filippini Daria Maria , Gatti Milo , Di Martino Vito , Cavalieri Stefano , Fusaroli Michele , Ardizzoni Andrea , Raschi Emanuel , Licitra Lisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with different immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), the potential effect on the skeleton is poorly defined albeit biologically plausible and assessable through pharmacovigilance. We described a case series of patients experiencing skeletal fractures while on ICIs at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. To better characterize the clinical features of skeletal irAEs reported with ICIs, we queried the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and performed disproportionality analysis by means of reporting odds ratios (RORs), deemed significant by a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (LL95% CI) > 1. Bone AEs emerging as significant were scrutinized in terms of demographic and clinical data, including concomitant irAEs or drugs affecting bone resorption or causing bone damage. Four patients with skeletal events while on ICIs were included in our case series, of which three exhibited vertebral fractures. In FAERS, 650 patients with bone and joint injuries and treated with ICIs were retrieved, accounting for 822 drug‐event pairs. Statistically significant ROR was found for eight, two and one bone AEs respectively with PD‐1, PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 inhibitors, being pathological fracture (N = 46; ROR = 3.17; LL95%CI = 2.37), spinal compression fracture (42; 2.51; 1.91), and femoral neck fracture (26; 2.38; 1.62) the most common. Concomitant irAEs or drugs affecting bone metabolism were poorly reported. The increased reporting of serious vertebral fractures in patients without concomitant irAEs and no apparent preexisting risk factors could suggest a possible cause‐effect relationship and calls for close clinical monitoring and implementation of dedicated guidelines.
Investigation of deactivation effect of Au addition to Ce/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction using real diesel engine exhaust samples at low temperature conditions
Authors: Keskin Zeycan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNOx emissions are very toxic and cause serious adverse environmental effects. NOx reduction technologies have been developed due to the harmful effects of NOx and increasingly stringent emission standards which apply in many countries. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most effective method of removing NOx from engine exhaust. The suitable active catalysts are important for providing higher NOx conversion efficiencies in the SCR system. Catalyst production methods affect catalytic activity due to change in elemental composition, morphology, dispersion of catalytic elements, and total surface area. In this study, de‐NOx performance of Ce/TiO2 and Au‐Ce/TiO2 catalysts were investigated with real exhaust gases. Tests were carried out within 200–300 °C temperature range to evaluate low temperature performance of the catalysts. Cordierite material was used as the support material and pre‐treated with hot acid solution to enhance surface area. Ce content of synthesized catalysts with impregnation method was adjusted as 4 wt% and Au content as 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 wt%. The catalysts were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis.RESULTSMaximum NOx conversion ratios obtained at 300 °C with the Ce/TiO2, 0.4 Au‐Ce/TiO2, 0.8 Au‐Ce/TiO2, and 1.6 Au‐Ce/TiO2 catalysts were 95.1%, 92%, 92.6%, and 90.2%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that in general, de‐NOx effect of the Ce/TiO2 catalyst was greater than the Au doped Ce/TiO2 catalysts. Au addition adversely affected surface properties of the catalyst and therefore activity of the Au‐Ce/TiO2 catalysts decreased. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synthesis of new tetrahydropyridopyrazine derivatives via continuous flow chemistry approach and their spectroscopic characterizations
Authors: Parmar Nilesh D. , Hadiyal Sanjay D. , Kapupara Vimal H. , Lalpara Jaydeep N. , Joshi Hitendra S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report here the synthesis of different substituted tetrahydropyridopyrazine derivatives. This approach of synthesis has been designed in a way that in first simple chloro‐amine coupling as an alternative of Buchwald coupling followed by heterogeneous hydrogenation of nitro to give amine and further cyclization of this amine with carboxylic acid was accomplished in a single process with the help of continuous flow hydrogenation reactor. This processing was a generation of hydrogen (in situ) by electrolysis of water molecule and using a pre‐packed cartridge of a palladium catalyst. In a further step, LAH was used to reduce lactam to a yielding product as tetrahydropyridopyrazine (TPP) scaffold. Final adducts were obtained using substituted benzoyl and sulfonyl derivatives.
Visible light induced nano copper catalyzed one pot synthesis of novel quinoline bejeweled thiobarbiturates as potential hypoglycemic agents
Authors: Angajala Gangadhara , Aruna Valmiki , Subashini Radhakrishnan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn efficient visible light induced one pot three component approach for the synthesis of new quinoline bejeweled thiobarbiturates via Knoevenagel condensation and N‐alkylation using copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been reported. These copper nanoparticles due to their diverse properties, smaller size (50–100 nm), and high surface area to volume ratio exhibit promising features for the reaction response such as the shorter reaction time, simple work‐up procedure, clean reaction profiles, and excellent product yields through reusability of the catalyst upto five cycles. The recovered catalyst was successfully characterized by EDAX and AFM analysis. In silico molecular docking studies were carried out to find out the effective binding affinity of the synthesized quinoline derivatives toward PPARγ protein. The results obtained showed that compounds 4d, 4e, and 4f possess good binding interaction toward PPARγ with binding energy of −7.4, −7.2 and, −7.6 k.cal/mol which was greater than standard rosiglitazone (−6.4 k.cal/mol) and comparable to that of standard pioglitazone (−7.9 k.cal/mol). In vitro α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase assays were performed for hypoglycemic activity evaluation. The compounds 4e and 4f at a concentration of 100 μg/ml showed 82.13% and 83.26% inhibition toward α‐glucosidase, 78.30% and 84.18% inhibition toward α‐amylase which was higher than standard pioglitazone and on par to that of rosiglitazone and acarbose.
A W‐band preamplified MMIC power detector for passive imaging applications
Authors: Wang Zuojun , Wang Chen , Hou Debin , Chen Jixin , Hong Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents a W‐band preamplified power detector (PD) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The chip consists of a pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) PD with a six‐stage low noise amplifier (LNA) in a commercial 0.1‐μm GaAs pHEMT technology. In order to reduce the high risk of oscillating in a multistage LNA, a circulator‐based method for LNA interstage stability simulation, along with the concept of loop gain, is introduced and analyzed. The simulated loop gain of each node of the LNA is calculated through the proposed method to ensure the unconditional stability for the six‐stage LNA. By incorporating the high gain LNA over 32 dB in the front‐end of the PD, the measured chip achieves a peak responsivity of 3.4 MV/W and a minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) of 95 fW/Hz1/2 both at 85 GHz. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed PD exhibits the best responsivity and NEP in published W‐band GaAs PD MMICs.
Esophageal disease among childhood cancer survivors—A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study
Authors: Asdahl Peter H. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Albieri Vanna , Hudson Melissa , Leisenring Wendy M. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Hasle Henrik , Winther Jeanette F. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is limited information addressing the occurrence of esophageal strictures among the growing population of survivors of childhood cancer. Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we analyzed data from 17,121 5‐year survivors and 3400 siblings to determine the prevalence and risk factors for esophageal strictures. Prevalence among survivors was 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–2.2%), representing a 7.6‐fold increased risk compared to siblings. Factors significantly associated with risk of esophageal stricture included diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma, greater chest radiation dose, younger age at cancer diagnosis, platinum chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While uncommon, survivors are at risk for therapy‐related esophageal strictures.
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors in children
Authors: Foster Jennifer H. , Sher Andrew , Seghers Victor , Poston Jay , Wells Donald , Delpassand Ebrahim S. , Potter Samara , Mahajan Priya , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the pancreas and midgut are extremely rare in children, and patients presenting with metastatic disease have poor survival. Given this rarity, treatments are extrapolated from guidelines for adults with NET. Recent clinical trials in adults with NETs have shown that the addition of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu‐DOTATATE resulted in a disease control rate of nearly 80%, with minimal side effects. We report our experience using 177Lu‐DOTATATE to treat two pediatric patients with metastatic NET.
Mosaicism for copy number variations in the placenta is even more difficult to interpret than mosaicism for whole chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Lund Ida C. Bay , Becher Naja , Graakjaer Jesper , Lildballe Dorte L. , Uldbjerg Niels , Bogaard Pauline , Petersen Astrid , Vestergaard Else M. , Vogel Ida 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare mosaicisms in prenatal chorionic villus samples (CVSs) with corresponding postpartum placental samples.MethodWe collected placentas from 15 consecutive cases of mosaicism detected in CVSs and obtained five standardized samples on each placenta after delivery. All pre‐ and postnatal placental samples were uncultured and analyzed by high‐resolution chromosomal microarray.ResultsTen cases of mosaicism for whole chromosome aneuploidy (mWC) and five cases with mosaicism for (sub)chromosomal copy number variations (mCNVs) were included. In 5/10 mWC cases and in 4/5 mCNV cases the prenatally detected aberration was confirmed in the postpartum placenta. Three postpartum placentas revealed various complex aberrations differing from the prenatal results: (1) mosaicisms for different deletions/duplications on 9p and 9q in all samples (prenatal: mosaic 5.3 Mb duplication on 9p24), (2) different regions with deletions/duplications/loss of heterozygosity on 1p in all samples (prenatal: mosaic 2.3 Mb 1p36 duplication), and (3) mosaicism for a duplication on 5q and a deletion on 6p in one out of five samples (prenatal: mosaic trisomy 7).ConclusionCNVs constitute a complex subgroup in placental mosaicism. Counseling of these couples after chorionic villus sampling should not focus on the specific CNV involved, but on the nature of mosaicism and the option of amniocentesis and ultrasound.
Survival of advanced melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy and targeted therapy: A real‐world study
Authors: Yu Su‐Yeon , Mckavanagh Dan , McPherson Ian , Walpole Euan , Atkinson Victoria , Hollingworth Samantha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to examine the survival outcomes plus patient and treatment characteristics of advanced melanoma patients treated with first‐line immunotherapy (IT), targeted therapy (TT), and chemotherapy (CTH) and compare findings with information from pivotal trials for each therapy.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the use of systematic IT, TT and CTH therapies in melanoma patients in four Queensland public hospitals. We estimated median duration of overall survival (OS) and survival rates (6 months, 1, and 2 years) using Kaplan–Meier methods. We compared our findings to those of clinical trials.ResultsFive hundred three patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups based on the first‐line treatment: IT 232; TT 157; and CTH 114. OS was 18 months with IT (95% CI 13, 22); 12 months with TT (95% CI 8, 15); and 5 months with CTH (95% CI 5, 6). The demographic characteristics, treatment protocols, and durations for IT and TT were generally consistent with trials but fewer patients in our study had subsequent therapy than in the trials. The OS in our study was slightly lower than the OS reported in trials.ConclusionThe OS of novel cancer therapy in the real world was lower than seen in trials but is expected given these are patients who have a poorer prognosis. A future study could investigate the impact of prognostic factors on survival in the longer term. This study provides evidence that we can use routinely collected real‐world data to evaluate the effectiveness of checkpoint and kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced melanoma.
In Situ Spectroscopic Probes for Structures and Processes at the Surface of Noble Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Xue Shan , Guha Pritam , Yuan Qunhui , Gan Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention in research because of their wide applicability in various areas. Because the properties of metallic NPs can be regulated by altering the covered ligand layer, it is crucial to be able to probe the composition, structure, and dynamic processes of molecules on metallic NPs for understanding nanoparticle–molecule interactions so as to enable the exploiting of NPs with desired properties and functionalities. However, a detailed description of the conformations of molecules and the dynamic interactions between molecules and metallic NPs is challenging owing to the requirement of real‐time, in situ, and non‐destructive surface probing technologies. This review presents an overview of probing the structures and dynamic processes of molecules on the surface of metallic NPs by different spectroscopic techniques.
Insights into modular polyketide synthase loops aided by repetitive sequences
Authors: Hirsch Melissa , Kumru Kaan , Desai Ronak R. , Fitzgerald Brendan J. , Miyazawa Takeshi , Ray Katherine A. , Saif Nisha , Spears Samantha , Keatinge‐Clay Adrian T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe loops of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) serve diverse functions but are largely uncharacterized. They frequently contain amino acid repeats resulting from genetic events such as slipped‐strand mispairing. Determining the tolerance of loops to amino acid changes would aid in understanding and engineering these multidomain molecule factories. Here, tandem repeats in the DNA encoding 949 modules within 129 cis‐acyltransferase PKSs were cataloged, and the locations of the corresponding amino acids within the module were identified. The most frequently inserted interdomain loop corresponds with the updated module boundary immediately downstream of the ketosynthase (KS), while the loops bordering the dehydratase are nearly intolerant to such insertions. From the 949 modules, no repetitive sequence loop insertions are located within ACP, and only 2 reside within KS, indicating the sensitivity of these domains to alteration.
Mutation of P‐element somatic inhibitor induces male sterility in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Xu Xia , Chen Xi'en , Li Xiaowei , Bi Honglun , Xu Jun , Zhu Chenxu , Niu Changying , Huang Yongping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenetic manipulation of sex determination pathways in insects provides the basis for a broad range of strategies to benefit agricultural security and human health. The P‐element somatic inhibitor (PSI) protein, an exon splicing silencer that promotes male‐specific splicing of dsx, plays a critical role in male sexual differentiation and development. The functions of PSI have been characterized in the lepidopteran model species Bombyx mori. However, the molecular mechanism and functions of PSI in Plutella xylostella, a worldwide agricultural pest and taxonomically basal species, are still unknown.RESULTSHere we identified PxPSI transcripts and analyzed their spatiotemporal expression pattern in P. xylostella. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that PxPSI contains four KH domains and is highly conserved in lepidopterans. We used the CRISPR–Cas9 system to generate mutations of the PxPSI genomic locus. Disruptions of PxPSI caused male‐specific defects in internal and external genitals. In addition, we detected female‐specific Pxdsx transcripts in PxPSI male mutants. Mutations also caused changes in expression of several sex‐biased genes and induced male sterility.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates that PxPSI plays a key role in male sex determination in P. xylostella and suggests a potential molecular target for genetic‐based pest management in lepidopteran pests. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry