bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Lobular Capillary Hemangioma in a 48 hours old neonate: a case report and a literature review
Authors: Lizarzaburu Ana Carolina , Flores Maria J. , Jaramillo Camila A. , Leon-Rojas José E. , Lizarzaburu Diego Javier 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To report an unusual presentation of a Lobular Capillary Hemangioma in a 48 h old neonate to inform practitioners on the importance of proper identification of the lesion, differential diagnosis and management.

Case presentation
We report the case of a newborn female presenting with a pedunculated mass on the right hand, port-wine colored that quickly turned dark purple indicating thrombosis. The mass was surgically excised without complications and histopathology analysis reported a LCH. An abdominal and renal ultrasound was requested to rule out any underlying abnormalities. At follow-up, two months later, there is adequate healing and no related complications.

Conclusions
Lobular Capillary Hemangioma is a rare vascular malformation that occurs at an early age in the head and neck in most cases. We report an unusual case of a newborn female patient with a pedunculated lobular hemangioma on the right hand. Surgical treatment was performed with good cosmetic results. Our case is relevant as it raises awareness of the different diagnoses a congenital mass can be and that we, as physicians, should take into consideration when making a diagnosis and treatment.
Methodischer Mechanismus und instrumentelle Vernunft
Authors: Becker Ralf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMechanistic explanations – especially mechanistic models – are commonly used to describe living beings. But their usage should be scrutinised closely. This text elucidates the motives, conditions and implications of a so called ‘methodical mechanism’. Due to the fact that humans cannot properly explain certain biotic processes, they have to rely on their technical knowledge to explain them. The history of philosophy and scientific thinking is, therefore, intertwined with the history of technology: the way humans interpret and explain natural phenomena is subject to the technological knowledge of a given time. The danger of this mechanistic approach, however, is that it can lead to false ontological assumptions about nature and humankind’s place therein, resulting in a subjugation of natural processes to instrumental reason.
Estimating the size of undetected cases of the COVID-19 outbreak in Europe: an upper bound estimator
Authors: Rocchetti Irene , Böhning Dankmar , Holling Heinz , Maruotti Antonello 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
While the number of detected COVID-19 infections are widely available, an understanding of the extent of undetected cases is urgently needed for an effective tackling of the pandemic. The aim of this work is to estimate the true number of COVID-19 (detected and undetected) infections in several European countries. The question being asked is: How many cases have actually occurred?

Methods
We propose an upper bound estimator under cumulative data distributions, in an open population, based on a day-wise estimator that allows for heterogeneity. The estimator is data-driven and can be easily computed from the distributions of daily cases and deaths. Uncertainty surrounding the estimates is obtained using bootstrap methods.

Results
We focus on the ratio of the total estimated cases to the observed cases at April 17th. Differences arise at the country level, and we get estimates ranging from the 3.93 times of Norway to the 7.94 times of France. Accurate estimates are obtained, as bootstrap-based intervals are rather narrow.

Conclusions
Many parametric or semi-parametric models have been developed to estimate the population size from aggregated counts leading to an approximation of the missed population and/or to the estimate of the threshold under which the number of missed people cannot fall (i.e. a lower bound). Here, we provide a methodological contribution introducing an upper bound estimator and provide reliable estimates on the dark number, i.e. how many undetected cases are going around for several European countries, where the epidemic spreads differently.
Detection of follicular regions in actin-stained whole slide images of the human lymph node by shock filter
Authors: Wurzel Patrick , Ackermann Jörg , Schäfer Hendrik , Scharf Sonja , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Koch Ina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Human lymph nodes play a central part of immune defense against infection agents and tumor cells. Lymphoid follicles are compartments of the lymph node which are spherical, mainly filled with B cells. B cells are cellular components of the adaptive immune systems. In the course of a specific immune response, lymphoid follicles pass different morphological differentiation stages. The morphology and the spatial distribution of lymphoid follicles can be sometimes associated to a particular causative agent and development stage of a disease. We report our new approach for the automatic detection of follicular regions in histological whole slide images of tissue sections immuno-stained with actin. The method is divided in two phases: (1) shock filter-based detection of transition points and (2) segmentation of follicular regions. Follicular regions in 10 whole slide images were manually annotated by visual inspection, and sample surveys were conducted by an expert pathologist. The results of our method were validated by comparing with the manual annotation. On average, we could achieve a Zijbendos similarity index of 0.71, with a standard deviation of 0.07.
Regulation of DEAH-box RNA helicases by G-patch proteins
Authors: Bohnsack Katherine E. , Ficner Ralf , Bohnsack Markus T. , Jonas Stefanie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
RNA helicases of the DEAH/RHA family form a large and conserved class of enzymes that remodel RNA protein complexes (RNPs) by translocating along the RNA. Driven by ATP hydrolysis, they exert force to dissociate hybridized RNAs, dislocate bound proteins or unwind secondary structure elements in RNAs. The sub-cellular localization of DEAH-helicases and their concomitant association with different pathways in RNA metabolism, such as pre-mRNA splicing or ribosome biogenesis, can be guided by cofactor proteins that specifically recruit and simultaneously activate them. Here we review the mode of action of a large class of DEAH-specific adaptor proteins of the G-patch family. Defined only by their eponymous short glycine-rich motif, which is sufficient for helicase binding and stimulation, this family encompasses an immensely varied array of domain compositions and is linked to an equally diverse set of functions. G-patch proteins are conserved throughout eukaryotes and are even encoded within retroviruses. They are involved in mRNA, rRNA and snoRNA maturation, telomere maintenance and the innate immune response. Only recently was the structural and mechanistic basis for their helicase enhancing activity determined. We summarize the molecular and functional details of G-patch-mediated helicase regulation in their associated pathways and their involvement in human diseases.
Human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an antimicrobial adjuvant re-sensitising multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Jaradat Da’san M. M. , Al-Karablieh Nehaya , Zaarer Basmah H. M. , Li Wenyi , Saleh Khalil K.Y. , Rasras Anas J. , Abu-Romman Saeid , O’Brien-Simpson Neil M. , Wade John D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has mandated the development of both novel antibiotics and alternative therapeutic strategies. Evidence of interplay between several gastrointestinal peptides and the gut microbiota led us to investigate potential and broad-spectrum roles for the incretin hormone, human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) against the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, Escherichia coli and Erwinia amylovora. GIP had a potent disruptive action on drug efflux pumps of the multidrug resistant bacteria E. coli TG1 and E. amylovora 1189 strains. The effect was comparable to bacterial mutants lacking the inner and outer membrane efflux pump factor proteins AcrB and TolC. While GIP was devoid of direct antimicrobial activity, it has a potent membrane depolarizing effect, and at low concentrations, it significantly potentiated the activity of eight antibiotics and bile salt by reducing MICs by 4-8-fold in E. coli TG1 and 4-20-fold in E. amylovora 1189. GIP can thus be regarded as an antimicrobial adjuvant with potential for augmenting the available antibiotic arsenal.
Convergence theorems for total asymptotically nonexpansive single-valued and quasi nonexpansive multi-valued mappings in hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Chuadchawna Preeyalak , Farajzadeh Ali , Kaewcharoen Anchalee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the Δ-convergence and strong convergence for the iterative sequence generated by the proposed scheme to approximate a common fixed point of a total asymptotically nonexpansive
single-valued mapping and a quasi nonexpansive multi-valued mapping in a complete uniformly convex hyperbolic space. Finally, by giving an example, we illustrate our result.
Effect of yoga practices on general mental ability in urban residential school children
Authors: Verma A. , Shete S.U. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Mental ability of children represents functioning of brain in different aspects of competency including verbal, mathematical, logical reasoning and spatial, which is of prime importance for academic performance.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of yoga on general mental ability of urban residential school children.

Methods
Sixty-six urban school children aged 11–15 years were selected as participants. All the selected participants were staying in a residential school in Pune District. A stratified random sampling method was used to divide the students into experimental and control groups. There were 32 students in experimental group and 29 students in control group. Both experimental and control groups were assessed for general mental ability by using standard questionnaire at the baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of yoga training. The study participants of experimental group underwent yoga training for 12 weeks, for 1 h in the morning for a period of 12 weeks. The control group did not undergo any yoga training during this time period.

Results
The experimental group participants showed significant improvement in general mental ability as compared to control group.

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that yoga practices could improve general mental ability of urban residential school children.
Research on target feature extraction and location positioning with machine learning algorithm
Authors: Li Licheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The accurate positioning of target is an important link in robot technology. Based on machine learning algorithm, this study firstly analyzed the location positioning principle of binocular vision of robot, then extracted features of the target using speeded-up robust features (SURF) method, positioned the location using Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) method, and tested the method through experiments. The experimental results showed that the feature extraction of SURF method was fast, about 0.2 s, and was less affected by noise. It was found from the positioning results that the output position of the BPNN method was basically consistent with the actual position, and errors in X, Y and Z directions were very small, which could meet the positioning needs of the robot. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of machine learning method and provide some theoretical support for its further promotion and application in practice.
Women with high plasma levels of PBDE-47 are at increased risk of preterm birth
Authors: Peltier Morgan R. , Fassett Michael J. , Arita Yuko , Chiu Vicki Y. , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Takhar Harpreet S. , Mahfuz Ali , Garcia Gildy S. , Menon Ramkumar , Getahun Darios 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nearly 100% of North American women have detectable levels of flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in their plasma. These molecules have structural homology to thyroid hormones and may function as endocrine disruptors. Thyroid dysfunction has previously been associated with increased risk for preterm birth. Therefore, we conducted a multi-center, case-cohort study to evaluate if high plasma concentrations of a common PBDE congener in the first trimester increases the risk of preterm birth and its subtypes.

Methods
Pregnant women were recruited at the onset of initiation of prenatal care at Kaiser-Permanente Southern California (KPSC)-West Los Angeles and KPSC-San Diego medical centers. Plasma samples from women whose pregnancies ended preterm and random subset of those delivering at term were assayed for PBDE-47 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by immunoassay. Quartile cutoffs were calculated for the patients at term and used to determine if women with exposures in the 4th quartile are at increased risk for preterm birth using logistic regression.

Results
We found that high concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester significantly increased the odds of both indicated (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 4.21) and spontaneous (adjOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.03) preterm birth. Regardless of pregnancy outcome, TSH concentrations did not differ between women with high and low concentrations of PBDE-47.

Conclusions
These results suggest that high plasma concentrations of PBDE-47 in the first trimester, increases the risk of indicated and spontaneous preterm birth.
Venous blood gas analysis in patients with COVID-19 symptoms in the early assessment of virus positivity
Authors: Elezagic Dzemal , Johannis Wibke , Burst Volker , Klein Florian , Streichert Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a worldwide major health threat. Recognizing hypoxia in patients early on can have a considerable effect on therapy success and survival rate.

Methods
We collected data using a standard blood gas analyzer from 50 patients and analyzed measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide-pCO2, partial pressure of oxygen-pO2 and oxygen saturation-sO2, bicarbonate concentrations-HCO3− as well as ionized calcium concentrations. We further examined PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2 of the patients and analyzed differences between patients tested positive and those tested negative for the virus.

Results
Venous pCO2 was significantly higher whereas pO2 and sO2 were significantly lower in patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The pH, and ionized calcium concentrations of patients tested positive for the virus were significantly lower than in those tested negative.

Conclusions
Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients upon admission to the emergency room exhibit lower venous blood levels of oxygen, pH, and calcium and higher levels of carbon dioxide compared to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. This blood gas analysis constellation could help in identifying SARS-CoV-2-positive patients more rapidly and identifying early signs of hypoxia.
Metaphors and their link to generational peer groups and popular culture in African youth languages
Authors: Hurst-Harosh Ellen , Kanana Fridah Erastus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on Sheng and Tsotsitaal metaphors in order to highlight the centrality of generational peer groups and popular culture in the formation of linguistic and social meaning within these language practices. Drawing on data from a comparative database, the analysis considers aspects such as generational narratives, the transition of a metaphor from a generational peer group context into a conventionalised metaphor, as well as multiple salience and ambiguity. We illustrate the use of metaphor in youth language and its relationship to popular culture, to make the case that youth language involves the innovation of new terms from popular culture. Metaphors are mini-narratives that index the particular culturally- and contextually-shared experiences of a generation of young people, and for this reason tend to be specific to a peer group. We therefore maintain that the term ‘youth language’ is useful because youth continue to drive the relexicalization process, which is the core of phenomena such as Sheng and Tsotsitaal.
Development of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to predict sea surface temperature (SST)
Authors: Kale Semih 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An accurate estimation of the sea surface temperature (SST) is of great importance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to predict SST in the Çanakkale Strait. The observed monthly air temperature, evaporation and precipitation data from the Çanakkale meteorological observation station were used as input data. The Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference system was applied. The grid partition method (ANFIS-GP) and the subtractive clustering partitioning method (ANFIS-SC) were used with Gaussian membership functions to generate the fuzzy inference system. Six performance evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the developed SST prediction models, including mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and correlation of determination (R2). The dataset was randomly divided into training and testing datasets for the machine learning process. Training data accounted for 75% of the dataset, while 25% of the dataset was allocated for testing in ANFIS. The hybrid algorithm was selected as a training algorithm for the ANFIS. Simulation results revealed that the ANFIS-SC4 model provided a higher correlation coefficient of 0.96 between the observed and predicted SST values. The results of this study suggest that the developed ANFIS model can be applied for predicting sea surface temperature around the world.
Cardenolides and pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Acokanthera oblongifolia leaves: their biological activities with molecular docking study
Authors: Abd-Alla Howaida I. , Soltan Maha M. , Hassan Amal Z. , Taie Hanan A. A. , Abo-Salem Heba M. , Karam Eman A. , El-Safty Mounir M. , Hanna Atef G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes and cardenolides were isolated from Acokanthera oblongifolia leaves. Their chemical structures were determined based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Their MIC was determined against 12 microorganisms. Their exerted cytotoxicity on the immortalized normal cells, hTERT-RPE1 was assessed by the sulforhodamine-B assay. The viral inhibitory effects of compounds against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and H5N1 influenza virus IV were evaluated. Four in vitro antioxidant assays were performed in comparison with BHT and trolox and a weak activity was exhibited. Acovenoside A was with potent against H5N1-IV and NDV with IC50 ≤ 3.2 and ≤ 2.1 μg/ml and SI values of 93.75 and 95.23%, respectively, in comparison to ribavirin. Its CC50 record on Vero cells was > 400 and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Acobioside A was the most active compound against a broad range of microbes while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive. Its MIC (0.07 μg/ml) was 1/100-fold of the recorded CC50 (7.1 μg/ml/72 h) against hTERT-RPE1. The molecular docking of compounds on human DNA topoisomerase I (Top1-DNA) and IV glycoprotein hemagglutinin were studied using MOE program. This study has introduced the cardenolides rather than triterpenoids with the best docking score and binding interaction with the active site of the studied proteins.
Premotor Ramping of Thalamic Neuronal Activity Is Modulated by Nigral Inputs and Contributes to Control the Timing of Action Release
Authors: Catanese Julien , Jaeger Dieter 
Published: January 2021

The ventromedial (VM)/ventro-anterior-lateral (VAL) motor thalamus is a key junction within the brain circuits sustaining normal and pathologic motor control functions and decision-making. In this area of thalamus, on one hand, the inhibitory nigro-thalamic pathway provides a main output from the basal ganglia, and, on the other hand, motor thalamo-cortical loops are involved in the maintenance of ramping preparatory activity before goal-directed movements. To better understand the nigral impact on thalamic activity, we recorded electrophysiological responses from VM/VAL neurons while male and female mice were performing a delayed right/left decision licking task. Analysis of correct (corr) and error trials revealed that thalamic ramping activity was stronger for premature licks (impulsive action) and weaker for trials with no licks [omission (omi)] compared with correct trials. Suppressing ramping activity through optogenetic activation of nigral terminals in the motor thalamus during the delay epoch of the task led to a reduced probability of impulsive action and an increased amount of omissions trials. We propose a parsimonious model explaining our data and conclude that a thalamic ramping mechanism contributes to the control of proper timing of action release and that inhibitory nigral inputs are sufficient to interrupt this mechanism and modulate the amount of motor impulsivity in this task.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCoordinated neural activity in motor circuits is essential for correct movement preparation and execution, and even slight imbalances in neural processing can lead to failure in behavioral tasks or motor disorders. Here we focused on how failure to regulate the control of activity balance in the motor thalamus can be implicated in impulsive action release or omissions to act, through an activity ramping mechanism that is required for proper action release. Using optogenetic activation of inhibitory basal ganglia terminals in motor thalamus we show that basal ganglia input is well positioned to control this ramping activity and determine the timing of action initiation.