bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy in NEN: still has a role?
Authors: Espinosa-Olarte Paula , La Salvia Anna , Riesco-Martinez Maria C. , Anton-Pascual Beatriz , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a broad spectrum of tumors with widely variable biological and clinical behavior. Primary tumor site, extent of disease, tumor differentiation and expression of so matostatin receptors, proliferation and growth rates are the major prognostic factors that determine the therapeutic strategy. Treatment options for advanced disease have considerably expanded in recent years, particularly for well differentiated tumors (NETs). Novel drugs approved over the past decade in this context include somatostatin analogues and 177Lu-oxodotreotide for somatostatin-receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs, sunitinib for pancreatic NETs (P-NETs), and everolimus for P-NETs and non-functioning lung or gastrointestinal NETs. Nevertheless, chemotherapy remains an essential component of the treatment armamentarium of patients with NENs, particularly of patients with P-NETs or those with bulky, symptomatic or rapidly progressive tumors (generally G3 or high-G2 NENs). In this manuscript we will comprehensively review available evidence related to the use of chemotherapy in lung and GEP NENs and will critically discuss its role in the treatment algorithm of this family of neoplasms.
Thyroid sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Trimboli Pierpaolo , Camponovo Chiara , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Bellastella Giuseppe , Piccardo Arnoldo , Rotondi Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to cause multi-organ effects including endocrine disorders. The impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland has been described but several aspects have to be clarified. The systematic review was conceived to achieve more solid information about: 1) which thyroid disease or dysfunction should be expected in COVID-19 patients; 2) whether thyroid patients have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; 3) whether the management has to be adapted in thyroid patient when infected. The literature was searched by two authors independently. A 5-step search strategy was a priori adopted. Only reviews focused on the relationship between thyroid and COVID-19 were included. The last search was performed on February 21st 2021. Two-hundred-forty-seven records was initially found and nine reviews were finally included. The reviews identified several potential thyroid consequences in COVID-19 patients, such as thyrotoxicosis, low-T3 syndrome and subacute thyroiditis, while no relevant data were found regarding the potential impact of COVID-19 on the management of patients on thyroid treatment. The present systematic review of reviews found that: 1) patients diagnosed with COVID-19 can develop thyroid dysfunction, frequently non-thyroidal illness syndrome when hospitalized in intensive care unit, 2) having a thyroid disease does not increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3) thyroid patients do not need a COVID-19-adapted follow-up. Anyway, several factors, such as critical illness and medications, could affect thyroid laboratory tests.
Analysis of batch asymmetry and batch line position for the decision support in the glass melting process
Authors: Klemiato Maciej , Rotter Paweł , Skowiniak Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of research on the analysis of historical data from a vision system developed by the authors, installed inside a glass furnace in one of the packaging glassworks. In particular, the authors focused on analysis of the batch blanket asymmetry coefficient and the batch line position in the furnace tank. The information obtained from the vision system allows to see phenomena occurring in the glass furnace that were previously difficult to notice. Based on this, recommendations for operators have been formulated to facilitate the glass melting process more efficiently. Based on historical process data from the SCADA production system, several models were developed that allow the batch line position in the glass furnace to be estimated. The best accuracy was achieved using the model based on neural networks. Such a model can be used to optimise furnace operation, which is at present based on the experience of human operators.
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters and trace heavy metal elements from different sources of water in and around institutional campus of Lumami, Nagaland University, India
Authors: Hussain Maqbul , Jamir Latonglila , Singh Maibam Romeo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe main emphasis of this study was to assess the status of drinking water quality from four different water sources available in and around an institutional campus of Lumami, Nagaland University, with special reference to the detection of trace heavy metal elements. The results of the physico-chemical parameters of the water show that values of DO, BOD5 and free CO2 at S3 are beyond the permissible limit set by WHO and BIS. The values of DO in all the three stations (S1, S2 and S4) are near the maximum permissible limit of drinking water, indicating the deterioration of water quality, whereas the rests of the parameters are below the permissible limit of WHO and BIS. The detection of Hg in all stations along with alarmingly high concentrations of Fe and others such as Cu, Zn, Mn and Se is perceived as a matter of concern. On the other hand, As and Pb were not detected in any station. The detection of Hg and Fe in all the four types of water sources is an indication of contaminant hazards and needs drinking water treatment practices in these areas which in turn have implications on human health.
A Circular Economy Is About the Economy
Authors: Webster Ken 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I outline the scope and the potential of a ‘circular economy’ in the future, one which goes beyond a concentration on recycling and waste management. I argue that three key elements are paramount. The first, and most widely discussed, is its ‘circularity by design’ characteristics. Secondly, but rarely discussed, the intimate relationship between the materials cycle and money and finance systems. Thirdly, encompassing both but often ignored: the way in which a more holistic interpretation of the concept is attached to a worldview or ‘framework for thinking’. This last element is a perspective that understands the economy as less like a machine and more like a nested living system. This worldview includes a stock maintenance emphasis placed in relation to feedback-rich flows. It extends, ineluctably, to the regeneration of natural capital and the restoration of social capital. A systems perspective includes a renewed focus on creating a refreshed industrial or productive economy at all scales as opposed to an expanded extractive or ‘rentier’ economy which is parasitical. This is quite unlike the current, linear, economy which not only extracts and runs down natural and social capitals (or exchanges it for financial capital), but also sees surplus financial reinvested largely in existing assets rather than creating new ones. The opportunity exists to create a ‘systems aware’ circular economy, one which is consistent with our contemporary understanding of ecosystemic relationships, the maintenance of capitals or stocks, the interdependence of different scales and the clear distinction between effective and efficient.
The Portrait of a Lady
Authors: James Henry 
Published: April 2021

The Cambridge Edition of the Complete Fiction of Henry James provides, for the first time, a scholarly edition of a major writer whose work continues to be read, quoted, adapted and studied. Widely considered James's first great work of fiction and highly innovative in its narrative techniques, The Portrait of a Lady follows the story of an ardent, idealistic American heroine, Isabel Archer, in a cosmopolitan Europe. It explores individual freedom amidst confining circumstance, romantic choice, and the consequences of disillusionment and betrayal. This edition, based on the most reliable of the work's first book appearances (Macmillan, 1882), provides an authoritative text of one of James's finest long novels, with extensive annotations, a detailed textual history and an analysis of the reasons for its long-held popular appeal. It will be of particular interest not only to James scholars, but also book historians and students of nineteenth-century Anglo-American literature and culture.
Crustal Structure of the Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Variable Accretion and Overthrusting Plate Strength Influenced by Rough Subduction
Authors: Gase Andrew C. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Bangs Nathan L. , Bassett Dan , Henrys Stuart A. , Barker Daniel H. N. , Kodaira Shuichi , Jacobs Katrina M. , Luckie Thomas W. , Okaya David A. , Fujie Gou , Yamamoto Yojiro , Arnulf Adrien F. , Arai Ryuta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExploring the structure of convergent margins is key to understanding megathrust slip behavior and tsunami generation. We present new wide‐angle and marine multichannel seismic data that constrain the crustal structure and accretion dynamics of the northern Hikurangi margin. The top of the basement of the Hikurangi Plateau is overlain by a rough, 2–3 km thick layer of volcanic cover with P‐wave velocities (VP) between 3 and 5 km/s. This volcanic cover contributes significantly to seismic reflectivity beneath the shallow subduction plate boundary. The frontal prism structure varies along‐strike from ∼25 km wide with imbricate thrust faults where accretion of trench sediments is undisrupted, to narrower (∼14 km) with slumps and branching, irregular thrust fault geometries, which may reflect lower sediment supply or past seamount collisions. A large thrust fault network in the inner prism with a seismically fast hanging wall indicates a mechanical boundary between a seismically faster deforming backstop and the seismically slower frontal prism. Near the coastline, VP increases between 2.8 and 4 km/s at 2–8 km depth and is 0.5–1.7 km/s slower than the southern Hikurangi margin. Low seismic wavespeeds and low vertical velocity gradients in the inner prism support the hypothesis that a weak overthrusting plate contributes to historic tsunami‐earthquakes and long duration seismic ground motion.
Circularly polarized luminescence from organic micro-/nano-structures
Authors: Deng Yongjing , Wang Mengzhu , Zhuang Yanling , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCircularly polarized light exhibits promising applications in future displays and photonic technologies. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from chiral luminophores is an ideal approach to directly generating circularly polarized light, in which the energy loss induced by the circularly polarized filters can be reduced. Among various chiral luminophores, organic micro-/nano-structures have attracted increasing attention owing to the high quantum efficiency and luminescence dissymmetry factor. Herein, the recent progress of CPL from organic micro-/nano-structures is summarized. Firstly, the design principles of CPL-active organic micro-/nano-structures are expounded from the construction of micro-/nano-structure and the introduction of chirality. Based on these design principles, several typical organic micro-/nano-structures with CPL activity are introduced in detail, including self-assembly of small molecules, self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers, and self-assembly on micro-/nanoscale architectures. Subsequently, we discuss the external stimuli that can regulate CPL performance, including solvents, pH value, metal ions, mechanical force, and temperature. We also summarize the applications of CPL-active materials in organic light-emitting diodes, optical information processing, and chemical and biological sensing. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in this emerging field are presented. It is expected that this review will provide a guide for the design of excellent CPL-active materials.
The unity of science and the disunity of economics
Authors: Ambrosino Angela , Cedrini Mario , Davis John B 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the article, we propose a general theoretical framework to distinguish a set of possible options for integration between social sciences. Adopting the so-called ‘nation’ metaphor in order to investigate relationships between disciplines, the framework uses an analogy with Dani Rodrik’s ‘world political trilemma’ (whereby democracy—here self-determination of science—national sovereignty—here disciplines—and global economic integration—here disciplinary integration—are mutually incompatible) to distinguish three different roads to the realisation of the unity of social science (‘reductionism’, ‘integration’ and ‘complexity’). The framework is then applied to recent proposals for unifying the social sciences that have originated within the economics profession at a time of pervasive specialisation and increasing fragmentation. While discussing the origins, the feasibility and the desirability of disciplinary integration projects, we concentrate on the issue of pluralism in both social sciences and within economics and on the ‘structural’ conditions that would permit economics to participate in the development of a transdisciplinary behavioural science.
Cofactor F420: an expanded view of its distribution, biosynthesis and roles in bacteria and archaea
Authors: Grinter Rhys , Greening Chris 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTMany bacteria and archaea produce the redox cofactor F420. F420 is structurally similar to the cofactors FAD and FMN but is catalytically more similar to NAD and NADP. These properties allow F420 to catalyze challenging redox reactions, including key steps in methanogenesis, antibiotic biosynthesis and xenobiotic biodegradation. In the last 5 years, there has been much progress in understanding its distribution, biosynthesis, role and applications. Whereas F420 was previously thought to be confined to Actinobacteria and Euryarchaeota, new evidence indicates it is synthesized across the bacterial and archaeal domains, as a result of extensive horizontal and vertical biosynthetic gene transfer. F420 was thought to be synthesized through one biosynthetic pathway; however, recent advances have revealed variants of this pathway and have resolved their key biosynthetic steps. In parallel, new F420-dependent biosynthetic and metabolic processes have been discovered. These advances have enabled the heterologous production of F420 and identified enantioselective F420H2-dependent reductases for biocatalysis. New research has also helped resolve how microorganisms use F420 to influence human and environmental health, providing opportunities for tuberculosis treatment and methane mitigation. A total of 50 years since its discovery, multiple paradigms associated with F420 have shifted, and new F420-dependent organisms and processes continue to be discovered.
Microbial-driven genetic variation in holobionts
Authors: Zilber-Rosenberg Ilana , Rosenberg Eugene 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTGenetic variation in holobionts (host and microbiome), occurring in both host and microbiome genomes, can be observed from two perspectives: observable variations and processes that bring about the variation. Observable includes the enormous genetic diversity of prokaryotes, which gave rise to eukaryotes. Holobionts then evolved a rich microbiome with a stable core containing essential genes, less so common taxa and a more diverse non-core, enabling considerable genetic variation. Thus, the human gut microbiome, for example, contains 1000 times more unique genes than are present in the human genome. Microbial-driven genetic variation processes in holobionts include: (1) acquisition of novel microbes from the environment, (2) amplification/reduction of certain microbes in the microbiome, (3) horizontal gene transfer between microbes and between microbes and host and (4) mutation, which plays a role in optimizing interactions between microbiota and between microbiota and host. We suggest that invertebrates and plants, where microbes can live intracellularly, have a greater chance of genetic exchange between microbiota and host, a greater chance of vertical transmission and a greater effect of microbiome on evolution than vertebrates. However, even in vertebrates the microbiome can aid in environmental fluctuations by amplification/reduction and by acquisition of novel microorganisms.
Status Signaling and the Risk of Domestic Opposition: Comparing South Africa and Brazil's Hosting of the 2010 and 2014 World Cups
Authors: van der Westhuizen Janis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhereas much of the literature on status and domestic audiences analyzes how international achievement helps shore up domestic legitimacy, analyses regarding the opposite direction—how the lack of domestic support undercuts status signaling—remain rare. Mega-events constitute a highly public and visible example of conspicuous consumption as a form of status signaling. However, in rising democracies state elites are obliged to frame the benefits of hosting a World Cup in both instrumental dimensions and expressive virtues. In Brazil, the political fallout from the economic crisis, however, made it very difficult for state elites to rely on the expressive value of Brazil's status as World Cup host to subdue domestic opposition driven by instrumental logics. In contrast, for South Africans, the 2010 World Cup not only became an “exceptional status moment” but also constituted a “nation founding moment,” which meant that the expressive significance of hosting the first World Cup in Africa mitigated similar instrumental criticism.
Truth, Justice, and Expertise in 1980s Britain: the Cultural Politics of the New Cross Massacre
Authors: Andrews Aaron 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines the movement, led by prominent black British activists, which was established in the aftermath of the 1981 New Cross fire. The campaign showed how the racism long experienced by black urban communities eroded trust in state institutions, and it contested the official narrative of the police investigation and a coroner’s inquest through protests and the deployment of alternative forms of expertise. This was not an isolated case. The 1980s was a decade of disasters which led people in marginalized communities to engage in long-running disputes with the state, eroding trust in the truths presented by he state.
Partition Regularity for Systems of Diagonal Equations
Authors: Chapman Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider systems of $n$ diagonal equations in $k$th powers. Our main result shows that if the coefficient matrix of such a system is sufficiently nonsingular, then the system is partition regular if and only if it satisfies Rado’s columns condition. Furthermore, if the system also admits constant solutions, then we prove that the system has nontrivial solutions over every set of integers of positive upper density.
Clonality of HIV-1– and HTLV-1–Infected Cells in Naturally Coinfected Individuals
Authors: Katsuya Hiroo , Cook Lucy B M , Rowan Aileen G , Melamed Anat , Turpin Jocelyn , Ito Jumpei , Islam Saiful , Miyazato Paola , Jek Yang Tan Benjy , Matsuo Misaki , Miyakawa Toshikazu , Nakata Hirotomo , Matsushita Shuzo , Taylor Graham P , Bangham Charles R M , Kimura Shinya , Satou Yorifumi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) diminishes the value of the CD4+ T-cell count in diagnosing AIDS, and increases the rate of HTLV-1–associated myelopathy. It remains elusive how HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection is related to such characteristics. We investigated the mutual effect of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection on their integration sites (ISs) and clonal expansion.

Methods
We extracted DNA from longitudinal peripheral blood samples from 7 HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfected, and 12 HIV-1 and 13 HTLV-1 monoinfected individuals. Proviral loads (PVL) were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral ISs and clonality were quantified by ligation-mediated PCR followed by high-throughput sequencing.

Results
PVL of both HIV-1 and HTLV-1 in coinfected individuals was significantly higher than that of the respective virus in monoinfected individuals. The degree of oligoclonality of both HIV-1– and HTLV-1–infected cells in coinfected individuals was also greater than in monoinfected subjects. ISs of HIV-1 in cases of coinfection were more frequently located in intergenic regions and transcriptionally silent regions, compared with HIV-1 monoinfected individuals.

Conclusions
HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection makes an impact on the distribution of viral ISs and clonality of virus-infected cells and thus may alter the risks of both HTLV-1– and HIV-1–associated disease.
International Commercial Courts in the ‘Modern Law of Nature’: Adjudicatory Unilateralism in Special Economic Zones
Authors: Dimitropoulos Georgios 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
International commercial courts are currently proliferating from the last generation special economic zones of the Gulf region to the whole of Asia and Europe. International commercial courts are institutions of a new era of international economic law and adjudication. Zone courts, alongside the new uses of arbitration within special economic zones, may be viewed as the adjudicatory counterpart of the move towards unilateralism in international economic law. The idea is to move cases from the international to the domestic realm and overall domesticate international economic law and adjudication. The unilateral strategy to achieve this is the introduction of new courts that sit in a space between the national and the international and are based on English (common) law. However, the new system does not oblige the transferal of cases. The special economic zones-driven judicial unilateralism adds an investment attraction to the repertoire of states, as well as choices to parties. Adjudicatory unilateralism is thus consubstantially plural. The creation and proliferation of English (common) law-based special economic zones and international commercial courts is a major shift that will have deep implications for the system of international economic law and adjudication.