bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative versus individual problem solving in computational thinking through programming: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Xiaoyan , Wong Gary Ka‐wai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComputational thinking (CT), which is a cognitive skill used to solve problems with computational solutions, has drawn increasing attention among researchers and practitioners due to the growing recognition of CT competence as a 21st century skill. Collaboration is commonly integrated into CT education to facilitate novice learning, but there is inadequate knowledge regarding the influences of collaboration in CT education. This meta‐analysis examined the overall effects on the cognitive, social and affective competencies of collaborative versus individual problem solving in CT through programming. We identified 33 publications involving 4717 learners, which allowed for 220 effect size comparisons. We found a medium effect size (Hedges' g = 0.562; p < 0.001) in favour of collaborative problem solving on cognitive learning outcomes and a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.316; p < 0.01) on affective learning outcomes using a random‐effects model. Categorical moderator analysis revealed the moderating effects of educational level, programming environment, study duration, grouping method and group size. The competency model that was generated from the synthesized literature on collaborative computational problem solving yielded insights into the learning design and assessment of relevant activities.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about the topic?

Although professional programming usually requires collaboration to accomplish common goals in the work environment, programming is predominantly taught on an individual basis in educational settings.

Some intervention studies have reported inconsistent learning outcomes (positive and negative) from integrating collaborative problem solving (CPS) into programming education.

There is a need for further scrutiny and exploration of the role of collaboration in the process of learning to program.

What does this paper add?

Our meta‐analysis showed that CPS is an effective pedagogical tool for developing students' cognitive, affective and social competencies.

The moderator analysis revealed that CPS in programming has cognitive benefits irrespective of grouping method, group size and educational levels; however, there is a need for caution in regard to designing collaborative problem‐solving activities for different programming environments and durations.

The model generated from the literature synthesis can yield insights into better assessing and designing collaborative problem‐solving activities.

Implications for practice and/or policy?

Integrating CPS into programming education can prepare students with 21st century skills.

Social and affective competencies are crucial to students' learning capacity, which is an issue that needs to be better assessed.

Future studies could look more rigorously into the effects of CPS in visual programming and robotics programming among younger age groups, such as primary or middle school students.
Bi‐allelic loss of function variants in GOLGA2 are associated with a complex neurological phenotype: Report of a second family
Authors: Kotecha Udhaya , Mistri Mehul , Shah Nidhi , Shah Parth S. , Gupta Vandana A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGOGLA2/GM130 is a Golgin protein involved in vesicle tethering, cell proliferation and autophagy. Recessive loss of function mutation in GOLGA2 has been previously reported in a single family with muscular dystrophy and microcephaly. Here we describe a second consanguineous family with the bi‐allelic loss of function mutations in GOLGA2. The patient exhibits microcephaly, seizures, and myopathy similar to the previously reported patient with GOLGA2 mutation. This report supports the critical developmental requirement of GOLGA2 and emphasizes a similar and severe clinical presentation with loss of function mutations in affected patients.
Gauss Stylization: Interactive Artistic Mesh Modeling based on Preferred Surface Normals
Authors: Kohlbrenner M. , Finnendahl U. , Djuren T. , Alexa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtending the ARAP energy with a term that depends on the face normal, energy minimization becomes an effective stylization tool for shapes represented as meshes. Our approach generalizes the possibilities of Cubic Stylization: the set of preferred normals can be chosen arbitrarily from the Gauss sphere, including semi‐discrete sets to model preference for cylinder‐ or cone‐like shapes. The optimization is designed to retain, similar to ARAP, the constant linear system in the global optimization. This leads to convergence behavior that enables interactive control over the parameters of the optimization. We provide various examples demonstrating the simplicity and versatility of the approach.
Globally Injective Geometry Optimization with Non‐Injective Steps
Authors: Overby Matthew , Kaufman Danny , Narain Rahul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a method to minimize distortion and compute globally injective mappings from non‐injective initialization Many approaches for distortion minimization subject to injectivity constraints require an injective initialization and feasible intermediate states. However, it is often the case that injective initializers are not readily available, and many distortion energies of interest have barrier terms that stall global progress. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has recently gained traction in graphics due to its efficiency and generality. In this work we explore how to endow ADMM with global injectivity while retaining the ability to traverse non‐injective iterates. We develop an iterated coupled‐solver approach that evolves two solution states in tandem. Our primary solver rapidly drives down energy to a nearly injective state using a dynamic set of efficiently enforceable inversion and overlap constraints. Then, a secondary solver corrects the state, herding the solution closer to feasibility. The resulting method not only compares well to previous work, but can also resolve overlap with free boundaries.
Progressive Discrete Domains for Implicit Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Tong , Alliez Pierre , Boubekeur Tamy , Busé Laurent , Jean‐Marc Thiery ∗ 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany global implicit surface reconstruction algorithms formulate the problem as a volumetric energy minimization, trading data fitting for geometric regularization. As a result, the output surfaces may be located arbitrarily far away from the input samples. This is amplified when considering i) strong regularization terms, ii) sparsely distributed samples or iii) missing data. This breaks the strong assumption commonly used by popular octree‐based and triangulation‐based approaches that the output surface should be located near the input samples. As these approaches refine during a pre‐process, their cells near the input samples, the implicit solver deals with a domain discretization not fully adapted to the final isosurface. We relax this assumption and propose a progressive coarse‐to‐fine approach that jointly refines the implicit function and its representation domain, through iterating solver, optimization and refinement steps applied to a 3D Delaunay triangulation. There are several advantages to this approach: the discretized domain is adapted near the isosurface and optimized to improve both the solver conditioning and the quality of the output surface mesh contoured via marching tetrahedra.
Frame Field Operators
Authors: Palmer D. , Stein O. , Solomon J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferential operators are widely used in geometry processing for problem domains like spectral shape analysis, data interpolation, parametrization and mapping, and meshing. In addition to the ubiquitous cotangent Laplacian, anisotropic second‐order operators, as well as higher‐order operators such as the Bilaplacian, have been discretized for specialized applications. In this paper, we study a class of operators that generalizes the fourth‐order Bilaplacian to support anisotropic behavior. The anisotropy is parametrized by a symmetric frame field, first studied in connection with quadrilateral and hexahedral meshing, which allows for fine‐grained control of local directions of variation. We discretize these operators using a mixed finite element scheme, verify convergence of the discretization, study the behavior of the operator under pullback, and present potential applications.
Geodesic Distance Computation via Virtual Source Propagation
Authors: Trettner P. , Bommes D. , Kobbelt L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a highly practical, efficient, and versatile approach for computing approximate geodesic distances. The method is designed to operate on triangle meshes and a set of point sources on the surface. We also show extensions for all kinds of geometric input including inconsistent triangle soups and point clouds, as well as other source types, such as lines. The algorithm is based on the propagation of virtual sources and hence easy to implement. We extensively evaluate our method on about 10000 meshes taken from the Thingi10k and the Tet Meshing in the Wild data sets. Our approach clearly outperforms previous approximate methods in terms of runtime efficiency and accuracy. Through careful implementation and cache optimization, we achieve runtimes comparable to other elementary mesh operations (e.g. smoothing, curvature estimation) such that geodesic distances become a “first‐class citizen” in the toolbox of geometric operations. Our method can be parallelized and we observe up to 6× speed‐up on the CPU and 20× on the GPU. We present a number of mesh processing tasks easily implemented on the basis of fast geodesic distances. The source code of our method is provided as a C++ library under the MIT license.
Fabrication‐Aware Reverse Engineering for Carpentry
Authors: Noeckel James , Zhao Haisen , Curless Brian , Schulz Adriana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel method to generate fabrication blueprints from images of carpentered items. While 3D reconstruction from images is a well‐studied problem, typical approaches produce representations that are ill‐suited for computer‐aided design and fabrication applications. Our key insight is that fabrication processes define and constrain the design space for carpentered objects, and can be leveraged to develop novel reconstruction methods. Our method makes use of domain‐specific constraints to recover not just valid geometry, but a semantically valid assembly of parts, using a combination of image‐based and geometric optimization techniques. We demonstrate our method on a variety of wooden objects and furniture, and show that we can automatically obtain designs that are both easy to edit and accurate recreations of the ground truth. We further illustrate how our method can be used to fabricate a physical replica of the captured object as well as a customized version, which can be produced by directly editing the reconstructed model in CAD software.
Digital Creativity and Urban Entrapment in Kinshasa: Experiments in Solving Precarity
Authors: Pype Katrien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractI attend to the dialectics between precarity, urban sociality, and digital technology (le numérique) in Kinshasa. Tech engineers, and those aspiring to become one, dream of solvent futures. They share a desire to leave various forms of precarity behind and attempt to produce new urban futures by means of tech skills and digital technologies. Especially the lack of trust in urban others is considered a problem solvable with mobile phone applications and other kinds of software. Kinois tech inventiveness draws on an interpretation of the city as a social space of entrapment. The proposed solutions consist of a strategy that I call “short‐cutting” of social relations, a method that involves replacing a human intermediary with amachine. Unfortunately, tech capitalism sets its own traps for Kinshasa’s tech engineers. The very particular forms of precarity from which theseingénieurswant to escape are perpetuated in the digital sphere; would‐be digital innovators remain trapped.
What makes the “refugee crisis” a crisis? Displaced Syrians’ reflections on dignity
Authors: Pearlman Wendy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn discussions about the connection between migration and the Arab uprisings, perhaps no expression has been more commonplace than “refugee crisis.” Commentators have typically invoked this term to refer to Europe's struggle with large numbers of refugees and migrants reaching European borders since 2015. They sometimes also invoke it with reference to countries in the Middle East and North Africa, where the overwhelming majority of the region's forced migrants continue to reside in their countries of the first refuge. But what does “refugee crisis” mean for refugees themselves? I explore this question based on open‐ended interviews that I have conducted with more than 450 displaced Syrians across five continents since 2012. I discuss a major crisis that emerges repeatedly in those conversations, as it does across various mediums of Syrian self‐expression: the crisis of dignity. Weaving Syrians’ reflections on dignity together with my own analysis, this essay discourages analysts and policy‐makers from making assumptions about displaced people's concerns and priorities. Rather, I argue, they should listen when displaced people describe and analyze their own experiences, and then work to ensure that those experiences inform policy interventions and service provision.
Exploring the impact of diversity climate on individual work role performance: A novel approach
Authors: Cachat‐Rosset Gaëlle , Klarsfeld Alain , Carillo Kévin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the positive diversity climate‐performance relationship has already been widely studied, still little is known about the mechanisms by which this relationship operates. Additionally, very few studies using the diversity climate concept were conducted in Europe, as most diversity climate measures were designed for the US context. We create a new measurement instrument that is not US‐sensitive, based on a new underlying conceptualization. We use this new measure to understand the influence of diversity climate on work role performance in the European context. We test our conceptual model through a cross‐level analysis in a large French organization (N = 509; Nunit = 34). We find that unit‐level diversity climate is positively related to work role performance, and that job satisfaction and affective commitment mediate the diversity climate/work role performance relationship. This study has strong theoretical and managerial implications as it highlights the role of diversity climate on performance behaviors.
Compressive fatigue behavior of low‐velocity impacted thermoplastic composite laminate
Authors: Chen Jiwei , Yao Weixing , Lin Hanyu , Zhou Yinhua , Wang Bintuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, residual compressive strength and compression–compression fatigue tests of two kinds of AS4/PEEK laminates with low‐velocity impact damage were carried out to study the damage propagation characteristics. It was found that local buckling occurred around the impact dent and extended perpendicularly to the loading direction under fatigue compression loading. The expansion process of local buckling could be divided into three stages, and the damage mechanism of each stage was discussed. The experimental results showed that the impact damage and residual fatigue life both were quite dispersed under the same impact energy. A laminate with more severe impact damage had shorter residual compressive fatigue life, and the depth of impact dent could be used as an effective index to characterize the severity of impact damage and the residual fatigue life.
Spatial variation in species‐specific catch and size structures across a large‐scale and diffuse freshwater recreational‐only fishery
Authors: Ochwada‐Doyle Faith , Miles Nathan , Stark Kate , Hughes Julian , Murphy Jeffrey , Lowry Michael , West Laurie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn areas where commercial fishing is prohibited, demographic metrics obtained from recreational fisheries and fishery‐independent methods can be integral to population ecology and management. For Australian bass Percalates novemaculeata (Steindachner) and Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), two key finfish species native to the recreational‐only fresh waters of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, recreational fishing surveys were combined with electrofishing methods to capture information on spatial patterns of exploitation and variation in size. The species’ catch across NSW fresh waters (2013–2014) was estimated using a telephone‐diary longitudinal panel survey and examined for spatial effects using generalised linear mixed effects models. Length data, collected through electrofishing (2013–2015), were compared among geographic zones using Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests and kernel density estimate tests. Catch patterns for each species were mainly spatially static, but significant regional differences in the size composition of both species were detected. The findings are discussed in the context of current catch‐and‐release practices for Australian bass and the application of size limits for Murray cod to illustrate the value of quantitative spatial information from recreational surveys and fishery‐independent methods in developing evidence‐based management and conservation initiatives.
Impact of institutional governance and state determinants on foreign direct investment in Asian economies
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ahsan Ali , Yan Chen , Abbas Hafiz Syed Mohsin , Ullah Atta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAsian economies are experiencing issues of governance and economic deprivation. Further, the lack of good governance itself is a considerable hurdle to economic development and growth. This study analyses the relationship of control of corruption, state fragility index, external intervention, and the corruption prevalence index with foreign direct investment (FDI) in 25 Asian economies by considering institutional governance and economic causation the time horizon from 2009 to 2019. By application of the two‐step system generalized method of moments estimation, results show that a corruption‐free economic environment acts as a stimulus to FDI, as it depicts good governance practices toward economic progress. Simultaneously, state fragility discourages the FDI because it obstructs FDI in the economic cycle as a state becomes vulnerable. This study suggests that the exchange of bilateral expertise and investment supports from stable economies can play a vital role in its development. Further, it recommends that countries with good governance practices should assist with investment and bilateral contracts to poor and less developed (weak governance) countries to strengthen their economic structure, which takes nations toward the path of prosperity and development.
The value of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial ecosystem: Evidence from 265 cities in China
Authors: Yang Junping , Zhang Mengjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship scholars consider the benefits of entrepreneurial activities to include regional innovation, employment, and growth. In recent years, the entrepreneurship literature has begun to focus on entrepreneurial contexts, especially the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which may exist at different levels, such as cities and countries. This study analyzes whether the entrepreneurial ecosystem promotes regional development and if so, how. Using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, we employ the most recent available full data, for 2018, to conduct research on 265 urban entrepreneurial ecosystems in China and reveal the conditions that can stimulate regional entrepreneurship and development. Overall, our results indicate that the entrepreneurial ecosystem can well explain employment and innovation in the region, while there is only one configuration to promote economic growth, which emphasizes the impacts of formal institutions and finance. Our research explains how the elements within the entrepreneurial ecosystem interact to promote regional short‐term and long‐term development. The results have rich implications for policies on entrepreneurship and urban planning as well as practice.
‘Citizen identification’: online learning supports highly accurate species identification for insect‐focussed citizen science
Authors: Perry Jessica R. , Sumner Seirian , Thompson Cris , Hart Adam G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Citizen science is widely used in ecological research. Data verification of citizen collected data continues to be an issue, and confirming accurate species identification reported by citizens can be especially difficult.
Here, we determine the efficacy of using remote learning to identify UK social wasp (Vespinae) species. Citizen scientists (N = 559) collected wasps and identified specimens to species level using a series of online videos and support material.
A pre‐ and post‐identification questionnaire, and a post‐identification assessment test, obtained both qualitative and quantitative data for engagement and changes in identification skills. Some (13.5%) of the participants sent their samples in for expert verification of species identification.
Self‐assessed skill ratings increased from 2.2/5 pre‐identification to 3.5/5 post‐identification process. Identification accuracy was high, with 85.6% of assessment test images and 96% of the verified specimens being identified correctly. In previous years, face‐to‐face public ID workshops with expert trainers yielded an identification accuracy of 91.3%. Eighty‐seven percent of participants reported enjoying the experience and would take part again.
Remote learning of identification skills in non‐specialists can produce greater identification accuracy than face‐to‐face expert‐led workshops, with lower resource requirements and enhanced engagement.