bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein requirement in the diet of Heros severus (Heckel, 1840): An Amazonian ornamental fish
Authors: de Sousa Jonathan A. , Bazilio Diego B. B. , da Costa Rauquírio A. A. M. , Brabo Marcos F. , Campelo Daniel A. V. , Nunes Zélia M. P. , Veras Galileu C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo experiments to determine the crude protein (CP) requirement of Heros severus were performed. Five isocaloric (3,200 kcal kg−1 of digestible energy) diets containing five levels of CP (28, 32, 36, 40, and 44%) were evaluated. In the first, 75 fingerlings were distributed among 15 aquaria (30 L). In the second experiment, 100 juveniles were distributed among 20 aquaria (50 L). A quadratic effect on weight gain, specific growth rate for weight and for length, feed intake, feed conversion, body proteins, body lipids, and ash content of fingerlings occurred with increasing dietary CP, with optimum values estimated at 41.86, 40.30, 40.97, 39.60, 43.55, 40.64, 37.77, and 37.50% of CP, respectively. A linear effect on protein efficiency ratio of fingerlings occurred with increasing dietary CP. A quadratic effect on weight gain, specific growth rate for weight, feed conversion, hepatosomatic index, and body lipids of the juveniles were observed with increasing dietary CP, with optimum values estimated at 37.03, 37.20, 38.40, 35.13, 38.78, and 34,74% of CP, respectively. A linear effect on feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and viscerosomatic index of juveniles occurred with increasing dietary CP. Blood glucose and hematocrit had lower values in juveniles fed a low level of CP.
Mariculture research of Macrocystis pyrifera and Saccharina latissima in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Stekoll Michael S. , Peeples Tamsen N. , Raymond Ann E. T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in Alaska regarding the commercial mariculture of kelp. Kelp farming can be an economic engine for coastal communities of Alaska. Other benefits include ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration and mitigation of eutrophication. In support of this interest, several kelp species have been examined for commercial potential. In the 1980s–1990s, experiments were performed on the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Female gametophytes were exposed to varying levels of chelated iron. Relatively low levels of chelated iron (1–5 μM) stimulated the onset of oogenesis. In contrast, higher iron concentrations inhibited egg production. Outplant experiments with Macrocystis in Sitka, AK showed growth in the winter and spring, slowing down to zero growth by the end of summer. Fertilizing outplants in August allowed plants to survive and grow during the ensuing winter. Mariculture experiments with Saccharina latissima carried out near Juneau, Alaska showed exponential growth for seeded lines set out from September to March. Optimal growth occurred for outplants in October–November, with growth rates of up to 5% per day. The best growth occurred when lines were 2–3 m below the surface. Growth rates declined in May–June corresponding to a decrease in inorganic nitrogen in the water. Slower growth also resulted in severe fouling.
Acceptance of insect meal in aquaculture feeding: A stakeholder analysis for the Italian supply chains of trout and seabass
Authors: Mulazzani Luca , Madau Fabio A. , Pulina Pietro , Malorgio Giulio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInsect meal could represent an option for partial replacement of fishmeal, the quantity and price of which are a constraint to the expansion of aquaculture. In this article, the acceptance of insect meal as a feed component among Italian farmers of trout and seabass is investigated and discussed. Semi‐structured interviews have been conducted with farmers, feed producers, and insect‐meal producers. Then, a deductive thematic analysis has been carried out to understand which of the different variables characterizing farming structures and marketing channels can affect the choice of feed products and, as a consequence, the acceptance of insect meals. The information collected suggests to differentiate two levels of insights: the first concerns plain economic evaluation in what could be considered a standardized or theoretical environment, and is mainly related to the feed price and the feed conversion ratio. The second level takes into consideration the effects that occur in real environments and that are different depending on farm characteristics and business choices. Among the main aspects that should be considered (beyond prices and feed conversion ratio) are the final destination of the product, the processing and large retailers' requirements, the effects on digestion and feces production, and the variability of performance (as an effect of feed nutritional variability and environmental variability).
Effects of antidiabetic agents on steatosis and fibrosis biomarkers in type 2 diabetes: A real‐world data analysis
Authors: Colosimo Santo , Ravaioli Federico , Petroni Maria L. , Brodosi Lucia , Marchignoli Francesca , Barbanti Francesca A. , Sasdelli Anna S. , Marchesini Giulio , Pironi Loris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThere is intense research for drugs able to reduce disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to test the impact of novel antidiabetic drugs (dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors – DPP‐4Is, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists – GLP‐1RAs, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors – SGLT‐2Is) on non‐invasive biomarkers of steatosis (fatty liver index, FLI) and fibrosis (Fibrosis‐4 score, FIB‐4) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsClinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were retrospectively analysed in 637 consecutive T2D patients switched from metformin w/wo sulfonylureas and/or pioglitazone to DPP‐4Is, GLP‐1RAs and SGLT‐2Is in a tertiary care setting. 165 patients maintained on original treatments served as controls. The effects on FLI and FIB‐4 at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up were analysed by logistic regression after adjustment for baseline differences, computed by propensity scores, and additional adjustment for changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index.ResultsBody mass index, HbA1c and aminotrasferases significantly decreased following switching to GLP‐1RAs and SGLT2‐Is, compared with both controls and DPP‐4Is, whereas only HbA1c was reduced on DPP‐4Is. FLI and FIB‐4 were reduced on GLP‐1RA and SGLT‐2I; logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant improvement of both biomarkers after adjustment for propensity score. The shift of FIB‐4 values towards the category ruling out advanced fibrosis was maintained after additional adjustment for confounders. These effects were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis on effect size.ConclusionsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT‐2Is improve biomarkers of steatosis and fibrosis, in keeping with beneficial effects on liver disease progression, and should be considered the treatment of choice in T2D.
An ICln homolog contributes to osmotic and low‐nitrate tolerance by enhancing nitrate accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chu Moli , Wang Yuan , Mu Baicong , Ge Haiman , Zhang Chi , Zhao Fugeng , Fu Aigen , Luan Sheng , Li Legong , Lan Wenzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNitrate (NO3−) is a source of plant nutrients and osmolytes, but its delivery machineries under osmotic and low‐nutrient stress remain largely unknown. Here, we report that AtICln, an Arabidopsis homolog of the nucleotide‐sensitive chloride‐conductance regulatory protein family (ICln), is involved in response to osmotic and low‐NO3− stress. The gene AtICln, encoding plasma membrane–anchored proteins, was upregulated by various osmotic stresses, and its disruption impaired plant tolerance to osmotic stress. Compared with the wild type, the aticln mutant retained lower anions, particularly NO3−, and its growth retardation was not rescued by NO3− supply under osmotic stress. Interestingly, this mutant also displayed growth defects under low‐NO3 stress, which were accompanied by decreases in NO3− accumulation, suggesting that AtICln may facilitate the NO3− accumulation under NO3− deficiency. Moreover, the low‐NO3− hypersensitive phenotype of aticln mutant was overridden by the overexpression of NRT1.1, an important NO3− transporter in Arabidopsis low‐NO3− responses. Further genetic analysis in the plants with altered activity of AtICln and NRT1.1 indicated that AtICln and NRT1.1 play a compensatory role in maintaining NO3− homeostasis under low‐NO3− environments. These results suggest that AtICln is involved in cellular NO3− accumulation and thus determines osmotic adjustment and low‐NO3− tolerance in plants.
Nitrogen Limitation Decreases the Repair Capacity and Enhances Photoinhibition of Photosystem II in a Diatom
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Lan Ting , Zhang Jiaojiao , Gao Kunshan , Beardall John , Wu Yaping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMacronutrient limitation and increased solar exposure coincide with ocean warming‐enhanced stratification, with consequences for phytoplankton within the upper mixing layer. In this study, we grew a diatom, Thalassiosira punctigera, under nitrogen‐limited and replete conditions for more than 14 generations and investigated both the biochemical composition of treated cells and their photochemical responses to high light and UV exposure. The photosynthetic pigment and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON) content significantly decreased in the low nitrate grown cells, with drastic decline of the absorption of UV absorbing compounds. Under an acute exposure to high light or UV radiation, we observed a significant decline in the photochemical yield along with an increase of nonphotosynthetic quenching (NPQ), with the former lowered and the latter raised in the low‐nitrogen grown cells. The results reveal a decreased repair rate and enhanced photoinhibition of the diatom under nitrogen limitation when exposed to increased levels of light and UV radiation, suggesting a higher vulnerability of the diatom phytoplankton under influences of oceanic global change.
Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentation in an evolving epicontinental sea: Aptian record of marginal marine settings in the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Varejão Filipe G. , Warren Lucas V. , Simões Marcello G. , Buatois Luis A. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Bahniuk Rumbelsperger Anelize M. , Assine Mario L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Aptian evaporitic transitional sequence (sag phase) of the Brazilian marginal basins records the first connection between the Central and South Atlantic oceans in the equatorial area. During this phase, lacustrine carbonate reservoirs and giant salt deposits developed in the southern basins of Santos and Campos, forming world‐class petroleum reservoirs. The sag succession is also well‐preserved in the interior rift basins of north‐eastern Brazil, where upper Aptian strata are represented by a continuous section. This contribution presents an interpretation of the evolution of a third‐order depositional sequence comprising lacustrine limestones, marine siliciclastic facies and evaporite deposits of the intracontinental Araripe Basin. The Lowstand Systems Tract is characterized by fluvial deposits filling accommodation generated during the syn‐rift phase. The overlying deposits comprise marine facies with preservation of dinoflagellates and marine ichnotaxa, evidencing marine deposition in bayhead delta settings. The transgressive surface is represented by limestones, including the Konservat–Lagerstätte laminites, onlapping the basement rocks. Above, tide‐dominated bay deposits with distinct subtidal, intertidal and supratidal portions are recorded. The Maximum Flooding Surface is a dark shale below foreshore to shoreface facies, marking the beginning of the Highstand Systems Tract, culminating with deposition of evaporites (gypsum and anhydrite). The stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrents measured in different facies associations suggest that marine waters reached the basin from the south. The data unequivocally records late Aptian marine ingressions of an incipient South Atlantic Ocean over the interior basins of north‐eastern Brazil, while lacustrine conditions were still prevailing in the Pre‐Salt sag units of the Santos and Campos basins.
Projection‐based and cross‐validated estimation in high‐dimensional Cox model
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Huang Jian , Sun Liuquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a projection‐based cross‐validation method for estimating a low‐dimensional parameter in the presence of a high‐dimensional nuisance parameter in the Cox regression model. We show that the proposed estimator is asymptotically normal, which enables us to conduct hypothesis test for the parameter of interest with high‐dimensional nuisance parameters. Three decision rules are presented to avoid the influence of random splitting of samples. Simulation studies indicate that our method is more powerful than that of Fang et al. (2017,JRSSB) when the coefficients of predictors are high‐dimensional and not very sparse. As an illustrative example, we apply our procedure to a breast cancer study.
Relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes
Authors: Tapia Serrano Miguel Angel , Vaquero-Solís Mikel , Cerro-Herrero David , Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) percibido y la actividad física (AF) en adolescentes. Método. Participaron 605 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 15 años. Se valoraron las variables percibidas para el peso, la altura y el nivel de AF mediante un cuestionario autoinformado. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el IMC percibido y el nivel de AF. El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC percibido sirve para predecir el nivel de AF. El análisis de la covarianza demostró la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad frente a los normopeso. Conclusión. Se ha demostrado que los adolescentes que realizan menos AF tienen una mayor probabilidad de sufrir sobrepeso y obesidad.
Benchmarking the Dual and Compound Techniques-Based Branching Design Strategy Used for Upgrading of Pressurized Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Ben Amira Waêl , Triki Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Prior research has recognized that the compound- and dual-technique-based branching redesign measures, used as alternatives to the conventional technique-based one, were effective in upgrading steel pipe-based pressurized hydraulic systems. Principally, the compound technique used two different plastic material types for the short-penstock instead of the single material type utilized in the conventional technique. However, the dual technique is based on splitting the single penstock installed in the conventional technique into a set of dual subpenstocks placed at each connection of the main-piping system to hydraulic parts. This handling aimed at improving the conventional technique efficiency with regard to the tradeoff between the magnitude attenuation and period expansion effects of the transient pressure-wave signal. Accordingly, this study proposed a comprehensive comparison between the compound- and dual-technique-based branching strategy with particular focus on the tradeoff between the two last parameters. The plastic material types demonstrated in this study included the high- or low-density polyethylene. The application addressed a waterhammer maneuver initiated into a reservoir-steel-pipe-valve system. Numerical computations used the method of characteristics for the discretization of the 1D extended pressurized-pipe flow model, embedding the Kelvin–Voigt and Vitkovsky formulations. The finding of this study suggested that the high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE–LDPE) setup of the compound technique is the most prominent protected system setup, providing an acceptable tradeoff between the attenuation of magnitude and the expansion of the period of pressure-wave oscillation.
Implementation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Fluidelastic Instability in Tube Arrays
Authors: Moran Joaquin E. , Selima Yasser 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fluidelastic instability (FEI) in tube arrays has been studied extensively experimentally and theoretically for the last 50 years, due to its potential to cause significant damage in short periods. Incidents similar to those observed at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station indicate that the problem is not yet fully understood, probably due to the large number of factors affecting the phenomenon. In this study, a new approach for the analysis and interpretation of FEI data using machine learning (ML) algorithms is explored. FEI data for both single and two-phase flows have been collected from the literature and utilized for training a machine learning algorithm in order to either provide estimates of the reduced velocity (single and two-phase) or indicate if the bundle is stable or unstable under certain conditions (two-phase). The analysis included the use of logistic regression as a classification algorithm for two-phase flow problems to determine if specific conditions produce a stable or unstable response. The results of this study provide some insight into the capability and potential of logistic regression models to analyze FEI if appropriate quantities of experimental data are available.
Design of a Single Layer Metamaterial for Pressure Offloading of Transtibial Amputees
Authors: Brown Nathan , Owen Meredith K. , Garland Anthony , DesJardins John D. , Fadel Georges M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While using a prosthesis, transtibial amputees can experience pain and discomfort brought on by large pressure gradients at the interface between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket. Current prosthetic interface solutions attempt to alleviate these pressure gradients using soft homogenous liners to reduce and distribute pressures. This research investigates an additively manufactured metamaterial inlay with a tailored mechanical response to reduce peak pressure gradients around the limb. The inlay uses a hyperelastic behaving metamaterial (US10244818) comprised of triangular pattern unit cells, 3D printed with walls of various thicknesses controlled by draft angles. The hyperelastic material properties are modeled using a Yeoh third-order model. The third-order coefficients can be adjusted and optimized, which corresponds to a change in the unit cell wall thickness to create an inlay that can meet the unique offloading needs of an amputee. Finite element analysis simulations evaluated the pressure gradient reduction from (1) a standard homogenous silicone liner, (2) a prosthetist's inlay prescription that utilizes three variations of the metamaterial, and (3) a metamaterial solution with optimized Yeoh third-order coefficients. Compared to a traditional homogenous silicone liner for two unique limb loading scenarios, the prosthetist prescribed inlay and the optimized material inlay can achieve equal or greater pressure gradient reduction capabilities. These preliminary results show the potential feasibility of implementing this metamaterial as a method of personalized medicine for transtibial amputees by creating a customizable interface solution to meet the unique performance needs of an individual patient.
Improvement of the Inverse Finite Element Analysis Approach for Tensile and Toughness Predictions by Means of Small Punch Technique
Authors: Kulawinski Dirk , Iding Kevin , Schornstein Robin , Özdemir-Weingart Dasgin , Dumstorff Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the inverse finite element analysis (FEA) to calculate the small punch technique (SPT) tests and the prediction of the tensile and fracture toughness behavior. For the description of the SPT tests via FEA, the hardening rule of Ramberg–Osgood (RO) and the damage model of Gursson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) were used. The inverse FEA optimization process cannot provide a unique solution for the 12 parameters included in the material model. This results from a dependency between some parameters, which leads to the same solution in the optimization. Hence, a novel description of the dependent parameters was developed and implemented within the optimization process. Therefore, an enhanced inverse FEA approach was proposed, which provides a fast converging solution for determination of the material model parameters. Within this study, the forged turbine shaft material EN: 27NiCrMoV15-6 was investigated. For comparison purpose, SPT tests as well as tensile tests and fracture toughness tests were carried out. In the case of the tensile properties, the test and simulation show coincidence in the curve and the characteristic values. For the toughness behavior, the characteristic value of the test was met by the simulation.
Effect of Surface Roughness and Inlet Turbulence Intensity on a Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane External Heat Transfer: Experimental Investigation on a Literature Test Case
Authors: Bacci Tommaso , Picchi Alessio , Lenzi Tommaso , Facchini Bruno , Innocenti Luca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Surface roughness is well known to significantly influence turbine aerodynamics and heat transfer; different studies have been undertaken in the last decades, in order to precisely characterize its effects and pursue a reliable and unified computational fluid dynamics modeling approach. Despite the effort, further research is still required to completely fulfill the goal, due to the complexity of the considered environment, with many other aspects and flow characteristics factoring into the final behavior. In this work, an experimental campaign was carried out to evaluate the heat transfer coefficient on a linear nozzle guide vane geometry. The adopted geometry has been developed and tested, at different inlet turbulence intensity, Reynolds and Mach number, at Von Kármán Institute. The results achieved on a test article with smooth surface were made available. In the present work, the effect of increased turbulence level and surface roughness was taken into account, respectively, using passive grids and conditioning the test sample surface finishing. Experiments were conducted using a transient technique by measuring the surface temperature evolution by IR thermography. The collected results integrate the existing database available in the open literature in order to support development and benchmarking of numerical approaches aimed at a reliable characterization of these aspects.