bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of MYD88 via RNA‐controlling CNOT4 and EXOSC3 in colonic mucosa impacts generation of colonic cancer
Authors: Tsuda Masumi , Noguchi Misa , Kurai Tsuyoshi , Ichihashi Yuji , Ise Koki , Wang Lei , Ishida Yusuke , Tanino Mishie , Hirano Satoshi , Asaka Masahiro , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2020, the worldwide incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) were third and second, respectively. As the 5‐y survival rate is low when CRC is diagnosed at an advanced stage, a reliable method to predict CRC susceptibility is important for preventing the onset and development and improving the prognosis of CRC. Therefore, we focused on the normal colonic mucosa to investigate changes in gene expression that may induce subsequent genetic alterations that induce malignant transformation. Comprehensive gene expression profiling in the normal mucosa adjacent to colon cancer (CC) compared with tissue from non‐colon cancer patients was performed. PCR arrays and qRT‐PCR revealed that the expression of 5 genes involved in the immune response, including MYD88, was increased in the normal mucosa of CC patients. The expression levels of MYD88 were strikingly increased in precancerous normal mucosa specimens, which harbored no somatic mutations, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis identified 2 novel RNA‐controlling molecules, EXOSC3 and CNOT4, that were significantly upregulated in the normal mucosa of CC patients and were clearly visualized in the nuclei. Forced expression of EXOSC3 and CNOT4 in human colonic epithelial cells increased the expression of IFNGR1, MYD88, NFκBIA, and STAT3 and activated ERK1/2 and JNK in 293T cells. Taken together, these results suggested that, in the inflamed mucosa, EXOSC3‐ and CNOT4‐mediated RNA stabilization, including that of MYD88, may trigger the development of cancer and can serve as a potential predictive marker and innovative treatment to control cancer development.
Pros and cons of botulinum toxin injection therapy in cerebral palsy: A qualitative study exploring caregivers' perspective
Authors: Karadag‐Saygi Evrim , Kenis‐Coskun Özge , Unalan Pemra C. , Evkaya‐Acar Ayca , Giray Esra , Akgulle Ahmet Hamdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe and understand the experiences and beliefs of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy following botulinum toxin injection.MethodsA descriptive case study approach with focus group interviews was employed. A semi‐structured questionnaire was conducted to collect data. Twenty‐one caregivers of children (3–13 years old) with cerebral palsy were recruited with a maximum variation sampling strategy to gain insight through different perspectives. Qualitative analysis with verbatim transcripts was analysed using a thematic approach.FindingsFour themes emerged from qualitative analyses: acceptance of diagnosis, perceptions about treatment, caregivers' experiences with the health environment, and feelings and thoughts after the treatment.ConclusionsThis study highlights caregivers' requests for information about the possible long‐term effect of botulinum toxin, as well as information and support to provide the best rehabilitation programme immediately after injection.
The development of a core outcomes set for self‐management interventions for patients living with obesity
Authors: Valli Claudia , Suñol Rosa , Orrego Carola , Niño de Guzmán Ena , Strammiello Valentina , Adrion Nina , Immonen Kaisa , Ninov Lyudmil , van der Gaag Marieke , Ballester Marta , Alonso‐Coello Pablo 
Published: October 2021

SummarySelf‐management interventions (SMIs) can improve the life of patients living with obesity. However, there is variability in the outcomes used to assess the effectiveness of SMIs and these are often not relevant for patients. In the context of COMPAR‐EU, our aim was to develop a core outcome set (COS) for the evaluation of SMIs for patients with obesity. We followed a four steps multimethod approach: (1) the development of the initial catalogue of outcomes; (2) a scoping review of reviews on patients' values and preferences on outcomes of self‐management (SM); (3) a Delphi survey including patients and patient representatives to rate the importance of outcomes; and (4) a 2‐day consensus workshop with patients, patient representatives, healthcare professionals and researchers. The initial catalogue included 82 outcomes. Ten patients and patient's representatives participated in the Delphi survey. We identified 16 themes through the thematic synthesis of the scoping review that informed 37.80% of the outcomes on initial catalogue. Five patients, five healthcare professionals, and four researchers participated in the consensus workshop. After the consensus process, 15 outcomes were selected to be part of the final COS, and five supplementary outcomes were also provided. We developed a COS for the evaluation of SMIs in obesity with a significant involvement of patients and other key stakeholders. This COS will help improving data synthesis and increasing the value of SM research data in healthcare decision making.
Metabolically healthy obesity in children enrolled in the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry (CANPWR): An exploratory secondary analysis of baseline data
Authors: Damanhoury Samah , Morrison Katherine M. , Mian Rajibul , McPhee Patrick G. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Newton Amanda S. , Buchholz Annick , Chanoine Jean‐Pierre , Hamilton Jill , Ho Josephine , Laberge Anne‐Marie , Legault Laurent , Thabane Lehana , Tremblay Mark S. , Zenlea Ian , Ball Geoff D. C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryOur study purpose was to determine the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and examine factors associated with MHO in children with obesity. This cross‐sectional study was a secondary, exploratory analysis of data that included 2–17 years old with a body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile from the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry. Children were classified as having MHO or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) using consensus‐based criteria. Those with MHO had normal triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with MHO, which included calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 945 children were included (mean age: 12.3 years; 51% female). The prevalence of MHO was 31% (n = 297), with lower levels across increasing age categories (2–5 years [n = 18; 43%], 6–11 years [n = 127; 35%], 12–17 years [n = 152; 28%]). Children with MHO were younger, weighed less, and had lower BMI z‐scores than their peers with MUO (all p < 0.01). MHO status was positively associated with physical activity (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01–1.38), skim milk intake (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19), and fruit intake (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01–1.24) and negatively associated with BMI z‐score (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.60–0.79), total screen time in hours (OR: 0.79; 96% CI: 0.68–0.92), and intake of fruit flavoured drinks (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84–0.99). These findings may help guide clinical decision‐making regarding obesity management by focusing on children with MUO who are at relatively high cardiometabolic risk.
Projecting biodiversity benefits of conservation behavior‐change programs
Authors: Selinske Matthew J. , Bekessy Sarah A. , Geary William L. , Faulkner Richard , Hames Fern , Fletcher Charlotte , Squires Zoe E. , Garrard Georgia E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodiversity loss is driven by human behavior, but there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of behavior‐change programs in delivering benefits to biodiversity. To demonstrate their value, the biodiversity benefits and cost‐effectiveness of behavior changes that directly or indirectly affect biodiversity need to be quantified. We adapted a structured decision‐making prioritization tool to determine the potential biodiversity benefits of behavior changes. As a case study, we examined two hypothetical behavior‐change programs––wildlife gardening and cat containment––by asking experts to consider the behaviors associated with these programs that directly and indirectly affect biodiversity. We assessed benefits to southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) and superb fairy‐wren (Malurus cyaneus) by eliciting from experts estimates of the probability of each species persisting in the landscape given a range of behavior‐change scenarios in which uptake of the behaviors varied. We then compared these estimates to a business‐as‐usual scenario to determine the relative biodiversity benefit and cost‐effectiveness of each scenario. Experts projected that the behavior‐change programs would benefit biodiversity and that benefits would rise with increasing uptake of the target behaviors. Biodiversity benefits were also predicted to accrue through indirect behaviors, although experts disagreed about the magnitude of additional benefit provided. Scenarios that combined the two behavior‐change programs were estimated to provide the greatest benefits to species and be most cost‐effective. Our method could be used in other contexts and potentially at different scales and advances the use of prioritization tools to guide conservation behavior‐change programs.
Balancing making a difference with making a living in the conservation sector
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Keane Aidan , Castelló y Tickell Sofia , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Arlidge William N. S. , Baranyi Gergő , Brittain Stephanie , de Lange Emiel , Khanyari Munib , Papworth Sarah , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGoals play important roles in people's lives because they focus attention, mobilize effort, and sustain motivation. Understanding conservationists’ satisfaction with goal progress may provide insights into real‐world environmental trends and flag risks to their well‐being and motivation. We asked 2694 conservationists working globally how satisfied they were with progress toward goals important to them. We then explored how this satisfaction varied among groups, including demographic and occupational. Finally, we looked at respondents' experiences associated with goal‐progress satisfaction. Many (94.0%) indicated that making a meaningful contribution to conservation was an important goal for them, and over half were satisfied or very satisfied in this area (52.5%). However, respondents were generally dissatisfied with progress on collective conservation goals (e.g., stopping species loss). Some groups were more likely to report dissatisfaction than others. For instance, those in conservation for longer tended to be less satisfied with collective goal progress (log odds –0.21, 95% credibility interval [CI] –0.32 to –0.10), but practitioners reported greater satisfaction (log odds 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.60). Likewise, those who were more optimistic in life (log odds 0.24, 95% CI 0.17–0.32), male (log odds 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41), and working in conservation practice (log odds 0.25, 95% CI 0.08–0.43) reported greater satisfaction with individual goal progress. Free‐text responses suggested widespread dissatisfaction with livelihood goals, particularly related to job security and adequate compensation. Although contributing to conservation appeared to be a source of satisfaction, slow goal progress in other areas––particularly around making a living––looked to be a source of distress and demotivation. Employers, funders, professional societies, and others should consider ways to help those in the sector make a difference while making a satisfactory living by, for example, prioritizing conservationists′ well‐being when allocating funding. This support could include avoiding exploitative practices, fostering supportive work environments, and celebrating positive outcomes.
Evolutionary patterns of chromosomal instability and mismatch repair deficiency in proximal and distal colorectal cancer
Authors: Golas Mariola Monika , Gunawan Bastian , Cakir Meliha , Cameron Silke , Enders Christina , Liersch Torsten , Füzesi Laszlo , Sander Bjoern 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimColorectal carcinomas (CRCs) progress through heterogeneous pathways. The aim of this study was to analyse whether or not the cytogenetic evolution of CRC is linked to tumour site, level of chromosomal imbalance and metastasis.MethodA set of therapy‐naïve pT3 CRCs comprising 26 proximal and 49 distal pT3 CRCs was studied by combining immunohistochemistry of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, microsatellite analyses and molecular karyotyping as well as clinical parameters.ResultsA MMR deficient/microsatellite‐unstable (dMMR/MSI‐H) status was associated with location of the primary tumour proximal to the splenic flexure, and dMMR/MSI‐H tumours presented with significantly lower levels of chromosomal imbalances compared with MMR proficient/microsatellite‐stable (pMMR/MSS) tumours. Oncogenetic tree modelling suggested two evolutionary clusters characterized by dMMR/MSI‐H and chromosomal instability (CIN), respectively, for both proximal and distal CRCs. In CIN cases, +13q, −18q and +20q were predicted as preferentially early events, and −1p, −4 ‐and −5q as late events. Separate oncogenetic tree models of proximal and distal cases indicated similar early events independent of tumour site. However, in cases with high CIN defined by more than 10 copy number aberrations, loss of 17p occurred earlier in cytogenetic evolution than in cases showing low to moderate CIN. Differences in the oncogenetic trees were observed for CRCs with lymph node and distant metastasis. Loss of 8p was modelled as an early event in node‐positive CRC, while +7p and +8q comprised early events in CRC with distant metastasis.ConclusionCRCs characterized by CIN follow multiple, interconnected genetic pathways in line with the basic ‘Vogelgram’ concept proposed for the progression of CRC that places the accumulation of genetic changes at centre of tumour evolution. However, the timing of specific genetic events may favour metastatic potential.
Long‐term oxygen treatment need is less frequent in eosinophilic COPD patients
Authors: Acet‐Öztürk Nilüfer Aylin , Dilektasli Asli G. , Aydın‐Güçlü Özge , Demirdöğen Ezgi , Coşkun Funda , Ursavaş Ahmet , Karadağ Mehmet , Uzaslan Esra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionEosinophilic airway inflammation is a recognized inflammatory pattern in subgroups of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are still conflicting results between various studies concerning the effect of eosinophils in COPD patients. Our aim with this study was to evaluate eosinophilic inflammation and its relation to the clinical characteristics in a group of COPD patients.MethodsStable COPD patients with FEV1% predicted < 50 or with ≥ 1 exacerbation leading to hospital admission or ≥2 moderate or severe exacerbation history were consecutively enrolled from outpatient clinics.ResultsWe included 90 male COPD patients, with a mean age of 63.3 ± 9.2. Mean FEV1% predicted was 35.9 ± 11.3. Eosinophilic inflammation (eosinophil percentage ≥2%) was evident in 54 (60%) of the patients. Participants with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly older and had better FEV1 predicted % values. Eosinophilic COPD patients were characterized with better quality of life and fewer symptoms. COPD patients with noneosinophilic inflammation used supplemental long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT) more frequently compared to patients with eosinophilic inflammation (36.1% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.01). Eosinophilic inflammation is associated with less dyspnea severity measured by mMRC (OR: 0.542 95% CI: 0.342–0.859, p = 0.009) and less LTOT use (OR: 0.334 95% CI: 0.115–0.968, p = 0.04) regardless of age, severity of airflow limitation, and having frequent exacerbation phenotype.ConclusionOur study supports the growing evidence for a potential role of eosinophilic inflammation phenotype in COPD with distinctive clinical characteristics. Eosinophilic inflammation is inversely associated with dyspnea severity measured by mMRC and LTOT use independently from age, total number of exacerbations, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score and FEV1% predicted.
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with DUSP22‐IRF4 rearrangement following insect bites
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Chen Min , Yu Yu , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Weiping , Jiang Lijun , Zhang Wenyan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrimary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (pC‐ALCL) is distinguished from systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (S‐ALCL) with cutaneous involvement. Although pC‐ALCL is a unique entity with different genetics, clinical characteristics, and prognosis, its causes are unknown. Herein, we report the case of a Chinese woman with a 4‐month history of a gradually enlarged ulcerative mass in her right forearm following an unidentified insect bite. Biopsy revealed an extensive infiltrate with patches of large anaplastic lymphoid cells. These cells were immunohistochemically positive for CD45, CD30, and TIA‐1 and negative for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD20, CD7, CD8, and ALK‐1. DUSP22‐IRF4 rearrangement was detected; on the other hand, TP63 rearrangement was not observed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). No Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded small RNAs (EBERs) were detected by ISH. Rearrangement of monoclonal TCR gene was found using BIOMED‐2 polymerase chain reaction. No abnormality was found on the subsequent positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) scan. After five cycles of cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy, the patient achieved complete remission. This is the first report of a unique pC‐ALCL with DUSP22‐IRF4 rearrangement following an insect bite other than S‐ALCL involving the skin.
Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by baseline age in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A subgroup analysis of the PIONEER 9 and 10 Japan trials
Authors: Yamada Yuichiro , Yabe Daisuke , Hertz Christin Løth , Horio Hiroshi , Nakamura Jiro , Nielsen Anne Møller , Seino Yutaka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA post‐hoc exploratory analysis of the PIONEER 9 and 10 trials evaluated the effect of baseline age (<65 and ≥65 years) on the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. In PIONEER 9 and 10, patients were randomized to once‐daily oral semaglutide (3, 7 or 14 mg) or a comparator (placebo or once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide 0.9 mg [PIONEER 9]; once‐weekly subcutaneous dulaglutide 0.75 mg [PIONEER 10]) for 52 weeks, with 5 weeks’ follow‐up. In total, 701 patients were included (PIONEER 9: N = 243; PIONEER 10: N = 458). Glycaemic efficacy of oral semaglutide was similar in Japanese patients aged <65 years compared with those ≥65 years, and there did not appear to be a clear pattern between age subgroup and body weight changes. Across treatment arms, adverse events generally occurred in greater proportions of patients aged ≥65 versus <65 years. There was generally a higher rate of premature trial product discontinuation because of adverse events in the older age group. These results indicate that oral semaglutide is efficacious in Japanese patients irrespective of age.
From surplus fairness to prospect fairness: Why a deeply egalitarian social union is indispensable for a free Europe
Authors: Kollar Eszter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhich ideal of distributive justice is suitable for the European Union? Is surplus fairness, that is, distributing the surplus of European integration between the Member States, the most we can hope for? I argue that building on the normative commitment to freedom of movement, a deeper, more demanding, egalitarian conception can be defended, I call prospect fairness. I first argue that for cross‐border labour migration to result in a fair distribution of burdens and benefits for all, EU‐level institutions of background justice are necessary. I further argue that beyond the surplus of integration, the threefold social constitutedness of unequal contributive capacities of persons also requires moral assessment, which triggers the moral demand of prospect fairness between EU citizens and residents. I then elaborate on why prospect fairness is a more demanding and more inclusive egalitarian conception that should morally ground the idea of a European Social Union.
A phenomenological argument against instrumentalism
Authors: DaVia Carlo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInstrumentalism as a theory of practical reasoning has been both widely held and difficult to dethrone. The theory holds that good practical reasoning need only involve determining suitable means to pre‐determined ends. The theory is difficult to dethrone because critiques of it tend to specify aspects of reasoning that either do not seem practical, strictly speaking, or can be re‐described as a series of episodes of means‐end reasoning. Either way, instrumentalism dodges these criticisms raised against it. This paper presents a phenomenological argument that cannot be so dodged. The argument is this: practical reasoning is not merely instrumental because our considering an exemplary means to some end sometimes modifies our concept of that end within one and the same episode of practical deliberation. Such modification is possible because in any exercise of reason in which we apply a concept to a particular, the exemplarity of the particular can imbue our concept with new meaning. If exemplary means can modify our practical ends in this way, then instrumentalism is false.
Characterization of social behavior in the spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus
Authors: Fricker Brandon A. , Seifert Ashley W. , Kelly Aubrey M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile there are many species that are commonly used for the study of mammalian social behavior, there remains a need for lab‐suitable organisms that are appropriate for examining sociality specifically in non‐reproductive contexts (i.e., social behavior not in the context of mating or parenting). The spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, is a cooperatively breeding rodent that lives in large groups and is a species that holds great potential for studying a wide range of social behaviors in reproductive and non‐reproductive contexts. Here, we characterize the basic social behaviors in male and female A. cahirinus to obtain a foundation for future study. We tested adult A. cahirinus in social approach, social preference, social interaction, social recognition, and group size preference paradigms. Regardless of sex, novelty, or familiarity, we found that both males and females rapidly approach conspecifics demonstrating high social boldness. Additionally, both sexes are significantly more prosocial than aggressive when freely interacting with conspecifics. However, we observed effects of sex on social preferences, such that males exhibit a preference to affiliate with same‐sex conspecifics, whereas females exhibit a preference for affiliating with opposite‐sex conspecifics. We discuss how this preference may relate to the cooperative breeding system of spiny mice. Lastly, both sexes show a robust preference for affiliating with large over small groups, indicating they may be an ideal species for the study of mammalian gregariousness. These data lay a basic foundation for future studies that seek to assess complex group dynamics and the mechanisms underlying reproductive and non‐reproductive social behaviors in a highly social mammal.
Fusobacterium necrophorum septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint in an Australian Stockhorse mare
Authors: Lean N. E. , Young A. , Ahern B. J. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySeptic osteomyelitis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rarely seen in equine medicine with few reported cases, and none reported involving Fusobacterium necrophorum. This report describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of septic osteomyelitis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in an 11‐year‐old Australian Stockhorse mare in Queensland, Australia.