bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of pemphigoid diseases in Northern Germany in 2016 – first data from the Schleswig‐Holstein Registry of Autoimmune Bullous Diseases
Authors: van Beek N. , Weidinger A. , Schneider S.W. , Kleinheinz A. , Gläser R. , Holtsche M.M. , von Georg A. , Hammers C.M. , Hübner F. , Lima A.‐L. , Gola D. , Sadik C.D. , Zillikens D. , Katalinic A. , Schmidt E. , König I.R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD) are rare disorders characterized by autoantibody formation against components of adhesion molecules; in pemphigoid diseases (PD), these are proteins of hemidesmosomes and basement membrane, important for cell‐matrix adhesion in skin and/or mucous membranes. Incidences of these diseases vary considerably between different populations.ObjectivesTo establish a registry prospectively recruiting all AIBD patients in a geographically well‐defined region in Northern Germany (Schleswig‐Holstein).MethodsOnly patients with verified disease (by clinical presentation, histology, direct and/or indirect immunofluorescence and /or ELISA) living in Schleswig‐Holstein were included. Incidences of PD were estimated based on the total number of inhabitants in Schleswig‐Holstein, stratified by birth year and sex.ResultsOf 67 patients with PD [35 male, 32 female, mean age 75 (standard deviation 14.3 years)], 83% were patients with bullous pemphigoid [n = 56, 28 male, 28 female, mean age 78 (SD 9.9)]. The resulting crude incidences were 23.4 patients/million/year for all pemphigoid patients, 19.6 patients/million/year for bullous pemphigoid (age‐standardized 16.9 patients/million/year) with a strong increase in bullous pemphigoid patients in the age group of 85–90 years with 262 patients/million/year. Incidences for bullous pemphigoid were higher in urban compared to rural areas. Other PD (mucous membrane pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, anti‐p200 pemphigoid) were less frequent with crude incidences of 2.1, 1.0 and 0.7 patients/million/year, respectively.ConclusionsThis study prospectively analyses the incidence of PD in a carefully defined geographical area. The highest incidence among PD patients was found for bullous pemphigoid. The incidence of bullous pemphigoid is considerably increased compared to previous reports and reveals regional differences. Further studies are needed in order to clarify these findings.
Debt covenants and asset versus equity acquisitions
Authors: Jory Surendranath Rakesh , Ngo Thanh , Nguyen Ca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine whether the presence of loan covenants leads firms to choose either an asset or equity acquisitions. Asset acquisitions involve the selective purchase of a target company's assets, and equity acquisitions involve acquisitions of common stocks. We document that firms with loan covenants are more likely to engage in asset acquisitions as opposed to equity acquisitions. Our results are robust to alternative measures of loan covenants and to endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the association between loan covenants and asset acquisitions is stronger among firms with greater debt covenant intensity, more severe agency problems, and lower profitability. Acquirers facing more intense competition within their industries are also likely to choose asset acquisitions. Our findings suggest that acquirers' incentives to avoid wealth transfer at the expense of debtholders drive the relation between debt covenants and choice of acquisition structure.
Diachronous collision in the Seve Nappe Complex: Evidence from Lu–Hf geochronology of eclogites (Norrbotten, North Sweden)
Authors: Fassmer Kathrin , Froitzheim Nikolaus , Janák Marian , Strohmeyer Merle , Bukała Michał , Lagos Markus , Münker Carsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe collision of Baltica and Laurentia during the Caledonian Orogeny happened atc. 400–420 Ma. However, subduction and collision processes also took place before this main collisional phase and the tectonic history of these is still not fully resolved. The Seve Nappe Complex in Sweden has recorded these earlier phases. The Seve Nappe Complex in Norrbotten (North Swedish Caledonides) comprises four superimposed nappes emplaced by eastward thrusting (from base to top according to the conventional structural interpretation): Lower Seve Nappe, Vaimok, Sarek, and Tsäkkok Lenses. Eclogites occur in the Vaimok and Tsäkkok Lenses. The Vaimok Lens represents rocks of the Baltican continental margin intruded by Neoproterozoic dolerite dikes which were later eclogitized and boudinaged. By contrast, eclogites of the Tsäkkok Lens are former oceanic basalts associated with calcschists, possibly representing the ocean–continent transition between Baltica and Iapetus. Previous age determinations for eclogitization yielded various ages betweenc. 500 and 480 Ma, in contrast to younger (460–450 Ma) ages of ultra high‐Pmetamorphism in the Seve Nappe Complex further south in Jämtland. Eclogites from the Vaimok (one sample) and Tsäkkok (three samples) lenses were dated using Lu–Hf garnet geochronology. Garnet from all samples shows prograde zoning of major element and Lu contents and yielded well‐defined isochrons of the following ages: 480.4 ± 1.2 Ma (Vaimok); 487.7 ± 4.6 Ma, 486.2 ± 3.2, 484.6 ± 4.6 Ma (Tsäkkok). The ages from Tsäkkok are interpreted to date the burial of the Iapetus–Baltica ocean–continent transition in a west‐dipping subduction zone aroundc. 485 Ma, and the age from the structurally deeper Vaimok Nappe the following subduction of the continental margin. Previously reported ages of 500 Ma and older are not supported by this study. The age difference between eclogites in the Seve Nappe Complex in Jämtland (c. 460–450 Ma) and Norrbotten (c. 488–480 Ma) may reflect the collision of an island arc with an irregularly shaped passive continental margin of Baltica or alternatively the collision of a straight margin with a microcontinent (Sarek Lens) accreted to the upper plate.
Oxytocin receptor expression in the midbrain dorsal raphe is dynamic across female reproduction in rats
Authors: Grieb Zachary A. , Lonstein Joseph S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCentral oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression is extremely sensitive to circulating steroid hormones and OTRs influence many of the neurobehavioural adaptations associated with female reproduction (e.g., postpartum caregiving, aggression, cognition, affective responses). Changes in central OTR expression across female reproduction have often been studied, but almost all of such research has focused on the forebrain, ignoring hormone‐sensitive midbrain sites such as the serotonergic dorsal raphe (DR) that are also critical for postpartum behaviours. To investigate the effects of female reproductive state on OTRs in the DR, we first used autoradiography to examine OTR binding across four female reproductive states in laboratory rats: dioestrous virgin, pregnancy day 10, the day of parturition and postpartum day 7. OTR binding in the rostral DR (but not other DR subregions) was approximately 250% higher in parturient rats compared to dioestrous virgins and dropped back down to virgin levels by postpartum day 7. Given the chemical heterogeneity of the DR, we then examined OTR expression in the three most abundant neuronal phenotypes of the DR (i.e., serotonin, GABA and dopamine) in dioestrous virgins and recently parturient females. Using dual‐label immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, we found that twice as many dopaminergic cells in the parturient rostral DR contained OTR immunoreactivity compared to that found in virgins. On the other hand, mothers had fewer rostral DR GABAergic cells expressing OTRs than did virgins. OTR expression in serotonin cells did not differ between the two groups. Overall, these results suggest that the rostral subregion of the midbrain DR is uniquely sensitive to oxytocin around the time of parturition, with subpopulations of cells that become more sensitive (i.e., dopamine), less sensitive (i.e., GABA) and show no change (i.e., serotonin) to this neuropeptide. This dynamic OTR signalling in the female DR may help drive the numerous behavioural changes across female reproduction that are necessary for successful motherhood.
Resisting the coastal squeeze through village associations? Comparing environmental, organizational, and political challenges in Philippine seaweed‐growing communities
Authors: Andriesse Edo , Lee Zack 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article investigates collective action dynamics and local politics amidst Philippine seaweed‐growing communities. Government agencies and civil society organizations generally encourage collaboration at village level through the formation of cooperatives and associations, often on the assumption that it facilitates the translation of economic growth into rural poverty reduction. Here, we explain how the formation of associations is entangled with the local and central state politics. We argue that civil society initiatives cannot be analysed separately from local and community‐level politics. This contribution reveals a gap between the objectives of rural, coastal associations, and the organizational capacities of communities to sustain such initiatives. Utilizing community support as a means to compensate for market and government failures does not only depend on a facilitative policy environment and start‐up support but also on household‐level capabilities. It also demonstrates that in addition to the interests of big business and national‐level politics, village‐level politics can obstruct effective and sustained implementation of value chain interventions.
The effect of reverse Trendelenburg position versus semi‐recumbent position on respiratory parameters of obese critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hassan Eman Arafa , Baraka Azza Abd Elrazek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the effect of reverse Trendelenburg position versus semi‐recumbent position on respiratory parameters of obese critically ill patients.BackgroundReverse Trendelenburg position is recommended for obese patients; however, the effect among critically ill patients, especially those on mechanical ventilation, has limited study.DesignRandomised, controlled pretest, repeated post‐test trial with two parallel groups.MethodsThe study started from 13 January 2020–12 March 2020. Adult critically ill patients with a body mass index ≥30 were randomly assigned by computer‐generated randomisation to either reverse Trendelenburg position group (intervention) or semi‐recumbent position group (active comparator control). Outcome measures were ventilation parameters (dynamic compliance, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and minute volume) and oxygenation parameters (hypoxaemic index and partial pressure of arterial oxygen). Measures were assessed immediately before positioning and after positioning in 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. CONSORT checklist was used to report the current study.SettingsFour general intensive care units.ResultsOne hundred and ten patients (55 patients in each group) completed the study. The reverse Trendelenburg position group had a higher improvement than the semi‐recumbent position group as estimated by mean differences in their dynamic compliance, minute volume, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen and hypoxaemic index.ConclusionReverse Trendelenburg position improves obese patients’ respiratory parameters more than semi‐recumbent position.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study directs nurses to use the reverse Trendelenburg position, which is an important position for enhancing the parameters of ventilation and oxygenation of obese mechanically ventilated patients.
Learning to be a doctoral supervisor: Experiences and views of nurse supervisors of higher degree research students
Authors: Jackson Debra , Power Tamara , Usher Kim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesGiven the importance of doctoral training to the future of the discipline, we sought to gain insight into nurse doctoral supervisor's experiences of supervision training and preparation and their views on what quality training for doctoral supervisors in nursing would look like.BackgroundDoctorally prepared nurses have been found to contribute significantly to improvements in knowledge to inform patient care; yet there is little focus on the development of this aspect of the nursing workforce, and little evaluation of supervisor training, confidence and competence.DesignQualitative storytelling, semi‐structured interviews were conducted via a videoconferencing programme, audio‐recorded and thematically analysed with twenty‐one experienced nurse doctoral supervisors. Findings are reported in line with the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThematic analysis revealed four themes:‘I had a great mentor’: the importance of mentorship and role modelling; ‘Sometimes it's just trial and error’: learning through experience;‘It's like tick a box’: strengths and limitations of formal supervisor training; and‘The training should be more holistic’: what should be in supervisor training.ConclusionsWe recommend doctoral supervisors be encouraged to seek mentoring for supervision, formal mentoring and clinical supervision for the first five completions and the formation of discipline‐based supervisor learning groups in nursing as an adjunct to generic mandatory supervisor training.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther development of clinical nursing is inextricably linked to quality nurse‐led research, and doctorally prepared nurses are essential to the continued development of nursing as an evidence‐informed practice discipline. Quality doctoral supervision for and by nurses is crucial and we argue that focus must be given to ensuring the development of a skilled doctoral supervision workforce in nursing.
Degree of intrapartum fever and associated factors: Three group analysis of no fever, borderline and overt fever
Authors: Kim Seo‐Yeon , Hong Sir‐Yeon , Kwon Do Youn , Park Hyea , Choi Suk‐Joo , Oh Soo‐Young , Kim Jung‐Sun , Choi Duck Hwan , Roh Cheong‐Rae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimPrevious studies analyzing intrapartum fever by dichotomization of fever just above 38.0°C or not may lead to overlook clinical significance of borderline fever. We aimed to investigate the maternal baseline and intrapartum characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and inflammatory placental pathology in relation to the degree of intrapartum fever by three group analysis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive singleton deliveries between 370/7 to 410/7 weeks divided into three groups based on the peak body temperature during labor: No fever (< 37.5°C), borderline fever (≥ 37.5°C and < 38.0°C), and overt fever (≥ 38.0°C). Maternal and intrapartum characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and inflammatory placental pathology were compared by trend analysis, intergroup difference analysis, and multivariable analysis.ResultsThe degree of intrapartum fever was significantly associated with younger maternal age, nulliparity, longer duration of rupture of membrane, and epidural analgesia (p < 0.001). And the incidence of neonatal proven sepsis and mortality were not significantly different among the groups. The degree of intrapartum fever was associated with the stage of acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the association with epidural analgesia was stronger in borderline fever than overt fever (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], borderline fever = 18.487 [11.447–29.857]; overt fever = 11.068 [4.874–25.133]) after controlling for maternal age, parity, induction or augmentation, duration of ROM, birth weight, and meconium staining.ConclusionOur data support that both epidural analgesia and inflammation of the placenta may contribute to the development of intrapartum fever at term.
Seasonality in catastrophe bonds and market‐implied catastrophe arrival frequencies
Authors: Herrmann Markus , Hibbeln Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe develop a conceptual framework to model the seasonality in the probability of catastrophe bonds being triggered. This seasonality causes strong seasonal fluctuations in spreads. For example, the spread on a hurricane bond is highest at the start of the hurricane season and declines as time goes by without a hurricane. The spread is lowest at the end of the hurricane season assuming the bond was not triggered, and then gradually increases as the next hurricane season approaches. The model also implies that the magnitude of the seasonality effect increases with the expected loss and the approaching maturity of the bond. The model is supported by an empirical analysis that indicates that up to 47% of market fluctuations in the yield spreads on single‐peril hurricane bonds can be explained by seasonality. In addition, we provide a method to obtain market‐implied distributions of arrival frequencies from secondary market spreads.
A meta‐analysis of the effect of values affirmation on academic achievement
Authors: Wu Zezhen , Spreckelsen Thees F. , Cohen Geoffrey L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis meta‐analysis assessed the impact of values affirmation on the academic achievement of students under social identity threats in actual classrooms. After a systematic search yielded 58 relevant studies, multilevel analyses identified an overall affirmation effect for identity‐threatened students (Hedges’ g = .15), not for identity‐nonthreatened students (Hedges’ g = .01). Heterogeneity in the affirmation effect was moderate to high for identity‐threatened students, with effect sizes associated with (1) a larger covariate‐controlled achievement gap between nonthreatened and threatened students in the control condition, suggestive of psychological underperformance, (2) the availability of financial resources in school, (3) more distal performance outcomes, and (4) the presentation of values affirmation as a normal classroom activity rather than a research study or a nonnormal classroom activity. Affirmation appears to work best when it is delivered as a normal classroom activity and where identity threat co‐occurs with resources for improvement and time to await cumulative benefits.
The 48‐week safety and therapeutic effects of tenofovir alafenamide in hbv‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yeqiong , Xu Wenxiong , Zhu Xiang , Li Xuejun , Li Jianguo , Shu Xin , Lai Jing , Xie Junqiang , Xie Chan , Peng Liang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been available in China for a short time, little is known about its safety and efficacy in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF). We conducted this study to further verify the safety and efficacy of TAF in these patients. Eighty‐eight eligible subjects were included and divided into three groups: TAF group, TDF group and ETV group. Clinical and laboratory test results were collected and the survival status, virus suppression status and liver and renal function improvement were observed during follow‐up. No drug‐related adverse events were observed within a 48‐week observation period. At week 48, the survival rates of the three groups were 56.5%, 78.3% and 59.5% (p = 0.262). HBV DNA undetectable rates were similar (80.0% vs.75.0% vs.84.6%, respectively, p = 0.863). Liver function improved in all the three groups over time. Compared with the other two groups, patients in the TAF group had a greater decrease in serum creatinine (CR) and an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), especially at week 12. At week 48, the median changes of CR were −0.7 (IQR −3.0, 13.0) vs. 15.0 (IQR −3.0, 21.0) vs. 5.0 (IQR −9.0, 14.0), respectively (p = 0.334), while the median changes of eGFR were −2.12 (IQR −13.87, 1.44) vs. −10.43 (IQR −20.21, 3.18) vs. −5.31 (IQR −14.72, 5.44) ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively (p = 0.592). In this real‐world clinical study, TAF is as effective as TDF and ETV, and may be more beneficial in protecting renal function in the early stages of antiviral therapy.
The oestrous cycle of the Damaraland mole‐rat revisited: evidence for induced ovulation
Authors: Voigt C. , Medger K. , Bennett N. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfrican mole‐rats (family Bathyergidae) show a wide variety of social organization, from strictly solitary to highly social. Within the family, both modes of ovulation, spontaneous and induced, have been found and are thought to relate to seasonality of reproduction and opportunities for dispersal. Damaraland mole‐rats (Fukomys damarensis) are cooperative breeders, which breed year‐round and exhibit high reproductive skew. Reproduction is monopolized by a single female (queen) in each group, and non‐reproductive females in the presence of the queen are anovulatory. The species was previously described as being a spontaneous ovulator; however, subsequent attempts to determine the length of the oestrous cycle have failed. Therefore, we revisited this subject by studying the urinary progesterone and oestradiol profiles over a period of 7 weeks and the ovarian histology of females kept under different social conditions. The first experiment shows that average urinary progesterone concentrations of breeder females paired with a vasectomized male (full physical contact) are significantly higher than those of breeder females kept singly, non‐breeder females kept singly and non‐breeder females kept within their natal group. In the second experiment, we subjected females consecutively to different experimental conditions: full physical contact (stage 1), isolation (stage 2), non‐physical contact (stage 3) and measured their steroid hormone profiles. The females showed elevated concentrations of urinary progesterone during the phase of full physical contact and basal concentrations during the subsequent single housing phase. Correspondingly, no corpora lutea of ovulation were found in the ovaries of these females in the latter phase. During stage 3, in which females were separated from a male by wire mesh (non‐physical contact), one of three females showed elevated progesterone and oestradiol concentrations throughout the sampling period and analysis of ovarian histology revealed a corpus luteum. Together, these results support the view that Damaraland mole‐rats are induced ovulators, in which non‐coital male cues are able to induce ovulation.