bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s Disease Results in Salivary Redox Imbalance Towards Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Zalewska Anna , Klimiuk Anna , Zięba Sara , Wnorowska Olga , Rusak Małgorzata , Waszkiewicz Napoleon , Szarmach Izabela , Dzierżanowski Krzysztof , Maciejczyk Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. AD accounts for over 50% of cases of dementia which results from disturbances in redox homeostasis. Indeed, increased intensity of protein oxidation and nitration as well as lipid peroxidation is observed in brain areas with considerable amounts of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. However, little is known about the oxidoreductive balance of salivary glands in AD patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant barrier and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in stimulated saliva and blood of AD patients. The study was participated by 25 AD patients and 25 non-demented controls without neurological diseases or cognitive impairment, matched by age and gender to the study group. The number of patients was determined based on a previous pilot study (test power = 0.9). We found a significant decrease in the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increased activity of catalase (CAT) and reduced concentration of plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, UA and reduced glutathione, GSH). In contrast, in the stimulated saliva of AD patients we observed significantly decreased activity of all antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) as well as concentration of GSH compared to the control group. The content of lipid (malondialdehyde, MDA) and protein (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; advanced glycation end-products, AGE) oxidation products as well as biomarkers of nitrosative stress (peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine) was significantly higher in both saliva and plasma of AD patients compared to the controls. In AD patients, we also observed a considerable decrease in stimulated saliva secretion and salivary total protein content, and an increase in salivary β-amyloid concentration.In conclusion, AD results in redox imbalance towards oxidative reactions, both at the level of the oral cavity and the entire body. General redox balance disturbances do not coincide with salivary redox balance disturbances. Reduction in stimulated saliva secretion in AD patients reflects secretory dysfunction of the parotid glands.
A Real-Time Dressing Method for Metal Lapping Pads Based on the Thermal-Deformation Effect
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Zhao Huiying , Wang Hairong , Xie Ruiqing , Chao Mingchen , Zhang Mingzhuang , Zhao Shijie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The surface shape and accuracy of the metal lapping pad are important factors that affect the performance of the lapping process for flat optical components. A real-time control system for metal-lapping-pad surface shape (RCLPS) based on the bimetal thermal-deformation effect is proposed. Unlike traditional dressing methods (e.g., turning dressing with a diamond tool), real-time dressing based on the RCLPS system is a material-loss-free and in-process dressing method. A full-aperture lapping turntable based on the RCLPS system was designed, and the working heat was analyzed. A thermal-deformation model was established through regression analysis. Finally, experiments were conducted to verify the functionality of the RCLPS system. During turning dressing (turntable rotational speed nm = 100 rpm), the thermal-deformation error caused by the working heat of the turntable-shaft system was compensated by the RCLPS system. During the lapping process for optical elements (nm ≤ 20 rpm), the real-time dressing of the lapping-pad surface shape was controlled by the coolant temperature of the RCLPS system, permitting optimization and adjustment of the process performance of the plane optical component. The effectiveness and practicality of the RCLPS system were demonstrated experimentally.
Investigation Report On Endoscopic Management of Esophagogastric Variceal Bleeding By Chinese Endoscopists
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Wang Yanling , Chu Jindong , Liu Yingdi , LingHu Enqiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore potential differences in the endoscopic management of esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) in China.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Endoscopists from 85 hospitals in 62 cities from 26 provinces were contacted by email. The items in questionnaire involved academic experience, screening, esophagogastric varix (EGV) classification, emergency treatment, and primary and secondary prevention of EGVB by endoscopists with different lengths of experience.Results: A total of 85 questionnaires were collected. There was no statistical difference in the selection of items (P > 0.05). The majority of endoscopists (95.29%) offered EGV screening for patients with liver cirrhosis. LDRf classification was selected by 82.35% of endoscopists. Endoscopy + medication was preferred (42.35%) for primary prevention of moderate-to-severe EGVs. There was no statistical difference in emergency intervention time for active EGVB (P > 0.05). The first choice of emergency treatment for EGVB was combination treatment (40%). Tissue adhesive embolization was selected for gastric variceal bleeding by 74.12% of endoscopists; TIPS/PTVE were selected as remedial measures by 48.23%–52.94% of endoscopists. In addition, 67.06% of endoscopists selected secondary prophylaxis and treatment within 1 week after hemostasis. Endoscopy and endoscopy + medication were selected by 44.71% and 49.41% of endoscopists, respectively, for secondary prevention. The choice of laboratory indicators did not differ with length of experience (P > 0.05).Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in endoscopic management of EGVB among Chinese endoscopists. The choice of diagnosis/treatment schemes was mainly based on guidelines and physician experience.
Application of multi-model ensemble averaging techniques for groundwater simulation: synthetic and real-world case studies
Authors: Jafarzadeh A. , Pourreza-Bilondi M. , Akbarpour A. , Khashei-Siuki A. , Samadi S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGrowing demands in arid regions have increased groundwater vulnerabilities necessitating appropriate modeling and management strategies to understand and sustain aquifer system behaviors. Sustainable management of aquifer systems, however, requires a proper understanding of groundwater dynamics and accurate estimates of recharge rates which often cause error and uncertainty in simulation. This study aims to quantify the uncertainty and error associated with groundwater simulation using various multi-model ensemble averaging (MEA) techniques such as simple model averaging, weighted averaging model, multi-model super ensemble, and modified MMSE. Two numerical solutions, i.e., finite difference and finite element (FE), were first coupled under three schemes such as explicit scheme (ES), implicit scheme, and Crank-Nicolson Scheme to numerically solve groundwater simulation problems across two case studies, synthetic and real-world (the Birjand aquifer in Iran) case studies. The MEA approach was considerably successful in calibrating a complex arid aquifer in a way that honors complex geological heterogeneity and stress configurations. Specifically, the MEA techniques skillfully reduced the error and uncertainties in simulation, particularly those errors associated with water table variability and fluctuation. Furthermore, a coupled FE-ES method outperformed other approaches and generated the best groundwater-level simulation for the synthetic case study, while stand-alone FE was particularly successful for the Birjand aquifer simulation as a real-world case study.
Thermal and chemical disinfection of water and biofilms: only a temporary effect in regard to the autochthonous bacteria
Authors: Nocker Andreas , Lindfeld Elisa , Wingender Jost , Schulte Simone , Dumm Matthias , Bendinger Bernd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermal and chemical disinfection of technical water systems not only aim at minimizing the level of undesired microorganisms, but also at preventing excessive biofouling, clogging and interference with diverse technical processes. Typically, treatment has to be repeated in certain time intervals, as the duration of the effect is limited. The transient effect of disinfection was demonstrated in this study applying different treatments to water and biofilms including heat, chlorination, a combination of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid and monochloramine. Despite the diverse treatments, the reduction in live bacteria was followed by regrowth in all cases, underlining the universal validity of this phenomenon. The study shows that autochthonous bacteria can reach the concentrations given prior to treatment. The reason is seen in the nutrient concentration that has not changed and that forms the basis for regrowth. Nutrients are released by disinfection from lysed cells or are still fixed in dead biomass that is subsequently scavenged by necrotrophic growth. Treatment cycles therefore only provide a transient reduction of water microbiology if nutrients are not removed. When aiming at greater sustainability of the effect, biocidal treatment has to be equally concerned about nutrient removal by subsequent cleaning procedures as about killing efficiency.
PCA driven watershed prioritization based on runoff modeling and drought severity assessment in parts of Koel river basin, Jharkhand (India)
Authors: Chaudhary Stuti , Pandey Arvind Chandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Global warming influencing regional climate is playing a significant role in triggering recurrent drought. The current study demonstrates a PCA (Principal Component Analysis) driven watershed prioritization in a part of Koel river basin by runoff computation during monsoon season along with assessment of Vegetation Health Index (VHI) derived from MODIS satellite data during the period from 2000 to 2017. Koel river catchment area of 7,261 sq km was divided into 82 sub-watersheds based on drainage networks derived from a Survey of India (SOI) topographical map at scale 1: 50,000. High resolution satellite image of Sentinel-2 was used to prepare a land use land cover map. Soil conservation service curve number method (SCS CN) was used to estimate runoff. The result obtained from runoff estimation of 82 sub watersheds shows high runoff (50 to 60% of rainfall) with 290,000 m3 total runoff volume in the upper and middle parts of the catchment dominated by agricultural/fallow and barren lands, whereas low runoff was estimated (20 to 30%) with 29,467 m3 in the lower catchments where a large area is covered with forests. The value of satellite based VHI ranges between 23 to 53 with major parts of the area exhibiting values less than 30, reflecting poor vegetation health. Most of the sub-watersheds in parts of Ranchi, Lohardaga, Gumla and Khunti districts experienced high total runoff, with poor vegetation health index reflecting more proneness to drought. Watershed prioritization was done based on correlation among four parameters viz., rainfall, drought zones, direct runoff and total runoff through PCA. Strong correlation between total runoff volume and drought areas was used for watershed prioritization, which indicated 42 sub-watersheds (4,703 sq km) in the upper catchment required high prioritization. The outcomes of the study would help proper planning of water resources and soil moisture management to overcome the recurrent drought conditions at watershed level.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Port Systems: Implant Depth-based Complications in Breast Cancer Therapy - A Comparative Study
Authors: Chen Kuo , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Gu Yuanting , Li Jingruo , Sinelnikov Mikhail , Han Nan , Lu Pengwei 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Totally implantable venous access port system (TIVAPS) is widely used in breast cancer
therapy; TIVAPS has several associated complications depending on the depth of implantation in breast cancer
(BC) patients during continuous infusional chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study is to find out
the optimal depth of TIVAPS implantation to reduce the incidence of complications during infusional chemotherapy.

Methods:
This study reviewed the depth of TIVAPS implantation in the internal jugular vein in 1282 breast cancer
patients over a ten-year period (2009-2019), and associated complications. We segregated the patients as 5
groups: ‘Group A (depth<4 mm), Group B (depth of 4-8 mm), Group C (depth of 8-12 mm), and Group D
(depth of 12-16 mm), and Group E (depth of > 16 mm)’. Consequently, the ‘internal complications’ such as infection,
venous thrombotic syndrome, catheter folding & migration, extravasation, whereas the ‘external complications’
viz., inflammation, local hematoma, local cutaneous reactions, and port exteriorization were significantly
analyzed during TIVAPS implantation at different depths in BC patients.

Results:
Overall incidence of ‘internal complications’ such as infections (8.6%, 2/23 cases), venous thrombotic
syndrome (7.69%, 1/13 cases), catheter folding & migration (8.3%, 1/12 cases), and extravasation (8.3%, 1/12
cases) was comparatively lesser in Group C (8-12 mm) (p<0.01) than the Group A, Group B, Group D, and
Group E respectively. Mainly, the external complications such as inflammation in Group C (8-12 mm) (pp<
0.01) was lesser (6.8%, 3/44 cases) than Group A, Group B, Group D, Group E. On the similar note, the local
hematoma, and local cutaneous reaction, and port exteriorization were observed as ‘5% (1/20 cases), 4.2%
(2/47 cases), and (3.2%, 1/31 cases)’ in Group C patients (p<0.01), which were comparatively lesser than the
other groups.

Conclusion:
Subcutaneous implantation of TIVAPS at a depth of 8-12 mm could be preferred due to the lowest
incidence of internal and external complications compared to the incidence of these complications in other
groups; this depth could be referred to as the safe and convenient implantation depth for the effective delivery
of chemotherapy regimen in BC patients without difficulty in transcutaneous access to the port.
Exploring the SARS-Cov-2 Main Protease (Mpro) and RdRp Targets by
Updating Current Structure-based Drug Design Utilizing Co-crystals to
Combat COVID-19
Authors: Nandi S. , Tarannum H. , Rashmi K.M. 
Published: September 2021

:
The unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) engulfs millions of death worldwide. It has di-rectly hit the socio-economic status of the affected countries. There are more than 219 countries badly affected by the COVID-19. There are no particular small molecule inhibitors to combat the dreadful virus. Many antivirals, antimalarials, antiparasitic, antibacterials, immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory, and immune stimulatory agents have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. But the exact mechanism of action of these drugs towards COVID-19 targets has not been experi-mented with yet. Under the effect of chemotherapeutics, the virus may change its genetic material and produces various strains, which are the main reasons behind the dreadful attack of COVID-19. The nuclear genetic components are composed of main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which are responsible for producing nascent virion and viral replication in the host cells. To explore the biochemical mechanisms of various small molecule inhibitors, structure-based drug de-sign can be attempted utilizing NMR crystallography. The process identifies and validates the target protein involved in the disease pathogenesis by the binding of a chemical ligand at a well-defined pocket on the protein surface. In this way, the mode of binding of the ligands inside the target cavity can be predicted for the design of potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
Hygiene Hypothesis and Occupational Asthma to Vegetable Textile Dusts:
A Pilot Study
Authors: Sridi Chayma , Maoua Maher , Kacem Imene , Jammeli Imene , Chouchane Asma , Aloui Asma , Brahem Aicha , Kalboussi Houda , El Maalel Olfa , Chatti Souhail , Mrizek Najib 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Over the last decades, the prevalence of allergic manifestations has increased
significantly. To explain the increase in the prevalence of asthma, Strachan advanced the
Hygiene Hypothesis, which states that decreased exposure to infectious microorganisms in infancy
may have contributed to changes in the maturation of the immune system during childhood. To the
best of our knowledge, no analytical studies detailing the links between the Hygiene Hypothesis
and occupational allergy have been carried out to date.

Objective:
To study the relations between the factors involved in the Hygiene Hypothesis and the
occurrence of occupational asthma (OA) to vegetable textile dusts.

Methods:
A case-control study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018. The cases
and controls were enrolled from the occupational medicine department of the University Hospital
“Farhat Hached” of Sousse (Tunisia) among patients attending from 2009 to 2016. The case group
was composed of patients diagnosed with OA to vegetable textile dusts. Controls were age and gender
matched, working in the textile sector and not suffering from any allergic diseases.

Results:
A total of 57 OA cases and 112 controls were enrolled. Four factors involved in the Hygiene
Hypothesis were independently associated with OA to vegetable textile dusts: the lowest
rank in siblings (p=0.037; ORa=0.14; 95% CI= [0.02-0.90]); contact with animals (p=0.006;
ORa=0.22; 95% CI= [0.08-0.65]) especially cats; history of parasitic and/or mycotic infections in
childhood (p=0.004; ORa=0.035; 95% CI= [0.004-0.35]) and history of viral infections in childhood
(p<10-3; ORa=0.028; 95% CI= [0.01-0.14]). Other factors had a protective effect, such as the
parents' low socioeconomic level and the father's occupation as a farmer.

Conclusion:
The microorganism-rich environment during childhood is an important model for understanding
the mechanisms involved in the development of allergic asthma. Our data suggest that
prevention of OA in adults might require early intervention in childhood.
Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrazolopyridines as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gu Xiaotong , Ma Shutao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Cancer, especially malignant tumor, is a serious threat to people's life and health. It is recognized as an
enormous challenge in the 21st century. Continuous efforts are needed to overcome this problem. Pyrazolopyridine
nucleus, similar in structure to purine, shows a variety of biological activities, which is mainly attributed to the
antagonistic nature towards the natural purines in many biological processes. This has aroused enormous attention for
many researchers. At present, a large number of new chemical entities containing pyrazolopyridine nucleus have been
found as anticancer agents. In this review we summarize novel pyrazolopyridine-containing derivatives with biological
activities. Furthermore, we outline the relationships between the structures of variously modified pyrazolopyridines
and their anticancer activity.
Cymbopogon citratus Protects Erythrocytes from Lipid Peroxidation in vitro
Authors: De Oliveira E Silva Francisca , Soares Julio Cesar Mendes , Valdez Aniele , da Silva Ferreira Marcos Vinícios , da Silva Cecim Marcelo 
Published: September 2021

:Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds, primarily composed of terpenes and abundant aromatic plants. For example, Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is an aromatic plant that produces a monoterpene-rich essential oil, and studies show that this essential oil has excellent antioxidant activity. Erythrocytes incubated under high sugar levels are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species, which results in the oxidation of their membranes.Objective:The aim of this article is to investigate the antioxidant activity of lemongrass essential oil and its protective effect on erythrocytes exposed to high levels of glucose.Materials and Methods:The essential oil was obtained by steam dragging distillation; blood cell suspensions were incubated with glucose 5, 20, 50, and 100 mmol/L. The amount of TBARS produced was measured at 532 nm. In addition, the percentage of antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH free radical assay.Results:Lemongrass essential oil showed an increase in the antioxidant activity up to 240 mg/ml, while ascorbic acid used as positive control showed a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity starting at 1 mmol/L up to 18 mmol/L. However, such a lemongrass dose prevented peroxidation in erythrocytes incubated under a high glucose media, whereas ascorbic acid showed a protective effect only at a concentration of 1 mmol/L.Conclusion:Lemongrass essential oil has high antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidant as ascorbic acid, and also acts as a protective agent against erythrocyte lipoperoxidation due to hyperglycemia in vitro.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Finned Copper Foam/Paraffin Composite Phase Change Material
Authors: Wu Tingting , Hu Yanxin , Liu Xianqing , Wang Changhong , Zeng Zijin , She Zengwei 
Published: September 2021

Background:The employment of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) provides a potential selection for heat dissipation and energy storage. The main reason that hinders the wide application is the low thermal conductivity of PCMs. Combining the proper metal fin and copper foam, the fin/composite phase change material (Fin-CPCM) structure with good performance could be obtained. However, the flow resistance of liquid paraffin among the porous structure has seldom been reported, which will significantly affect the thermal performance inside the metal foam. Furthermore, the presence of porous metal foam is primarily helpful for enhancing the heat transfer process from the bottom heat source. The heat transfer rate is slow due to the one-dimensional heat transfer from the bottom. It should be beneficial for improving the heat transfer performance by adding external fins. Therefore, in the present study, a modified structure by combining the metal fin and copper foam is proposed to further accelerate the melting process and improve the temperature uniformity of the composite.Objective:The purpose of this study is to research the differences in the heat transfer performance among pure paraffin, Composite Phase Change Materials (CPCM) and fin/Composite Phase Change Material (Fin-CPCM) under different heating conditions, and the flow resistance of melting paraffin in copper foam.Methods:To experimentally research the differences in the heat transfer performance among pure paraffin, CPCM and Fin-CPCM under different heating conditions, a visual experimental platform was set up, and the flow resistance of melting paraffin in copper foam was also analyzed. In order to probe into the limits of the heat transfer capability of composite phase change materials, the temperature distribution of PCMs under constant heat fluxes and constant temperature conditions was studied. In addition, the evolution of the temperature distributions was visualized by using the infrared thermal imager at specific points during the melting process.Results:The experimental results showed that the maximum temperature of Fin-CPCM decreased by 21°C under the heat flux of 1500W/m2 compared with pure paraffin. At constant temperature heating conditions, the melting time of Fin-CPCM at a temperature of 75°C is about 2600s, which is 65% less than that of pure paraffin. Due to the presence of the external fins, which brings the advantage of improving the heat transfer rate, the experimental result exhibited the most uniform temperature distribution.Conclusion:The addition of copper foam can accelerate the melting process. The addition of external fins brings the advantage of improving the heat transfer rate, and can make the temperature distribution more uniform.