bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronutrient status during pregnancy and effects of antenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients versus iron‐folic acid in rural Bangladesh (804.3)
Authors: Schulze Kerry , Shaikh Saijuddin , Shamim Abu , Ali Hasmot , Wu Lee , Christian Parul , Labrique Alain , Klemm Rolf , Mehra Sucheta , Sungpuag Pongtorn , Wasantwisut Emorn , West Keith 
Published: June 2021

Women often enter pregnancy with micronutrient deficiencies that are exacerbated by the demands of pregnancy. Yet micronutrient status of pregnant women is uncommonly assessed, even as momentum toward preventing multiple micronutrient (MM) deficiencies increases worldwide. In a substudy of a trial of MM versus iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplementation from first trimester (TM) through 3 mo postpartum in rural Bangladesh, we identified n=1526 women with plasma samples obtained in the 1st TM, prior to supplementation, and in the 3rd TM, in whom to evaluate micronutrient status. In available data (n=234‐1440 per nutrient assay), 6.8% of women were vitamin A deficient (retinol < 0.7 μmol/L), 41.7% had low β‐carotene (< 0.09 μmol/L), 57.7% were vitamin E (α‐tocopherol < 12 μmol/L) and 73.5% were vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) deficient. Folate deficiency (plasma folate < 6.8 nmol/L) was 2.6%, while vitamin B12 deficiency (cobalamin < 150 pmol/L) occurred in 29.8% of women. Anemia affected 20.6% of women, but iron deficiency by TfR (4.7% > 8.3 μg/mL) and ferritin (1.8% < 12 μg/L) was uncommon. Alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein > 1 g/L, indicating inflammation, was present in 8.1% of women. Baseline zinc and iodine status, and MM versus IFA effects on micronutrient status by the 3rd TM, will be presented. Vitamin deficiencies are common early in pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, representing preventable hidden hunger.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant #614
Variation in iodine concentration of salt at the local level following national salt iodization in Ethiopia (804.31)
Authors: Gebreegziabher Tafere , Tsegaye Workneh , Stoecker Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Ethiopia launched a salt iodization program in 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of iodine in salt 2 years after the national proclamation that all salt for human consumption should be iodized. Salt samples were collected from 193 randomly selected households in Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia. The study participants were from farming communities where more than two‐thirds of the families were subsistence farmers. Iodine concentration of salt was analyzed using a portable digital electronic iodine checker (WYD, UNICEF) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Correlation between the analyses was 0.69 (p<0.001). Mean (±SEM) iodine concentration using the digital iodine checker was 7.8 (8.0) ppm and by ICP‐MS was 9.8 (8.6) ppm. The recommended salt iodine concentration at the household level should be 15 to 40 ppm, but in this survey varied from 0 to 41.1 ppm; only 21% of households had >15 ppm. Salt samples from 10 retail shops and open markets had a mean iodine concentration of 5.3 (4.0) ppm with a range from 0 to 10.9 ppm which was far below the recommended retail level of 20‐40 ppm. The results indicate that salt may not be homogenously or adequately iodized and/or storage and handling may not be appropriate. Hence a strong monitoring strategy from production to household level for Ethiopia’s salt iodization program is of great importance.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Nestlé Foundation and Oklahoma State University
The association between food insecurity and sleep duration varies by sex (805.10)
Authors: Ding Meng , Zizza Claire 
Published: June 2021

Although food insecure adults are at risk for diabetes mellitus, little research attention has been given to their health behaviors. Thus, we examined the association between adult food insecurity and sleep duration. Our population‐based sample included 4549 men and 4224 women (22‐64y) who participated in the NHANES 2005‐2010. Food security status was assessed with USDA’s Food Security Survey Module and sleep duration was based on participants’ self‐reported usual hours of sleep. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between sleep duration and food security status. The association varied by sex (p< .0001) and thus, analyses were stratified by sex. Those reporting less than seven hours of sleep ranged from 39% in both fully food secure (FFS) and marginally food secure (MFS) to 49% in very low food secure (VLFS) men. The percentage ranged from 32% in FFS to 55% in VLFS women. VLFS women reported significantly shorter sleep duration than FFS women (p = .002). The adjusted mean values of sleep duration for women who were FFS, MFS, low food secure and VLFS were 6.84 h, 6.78 h, 6.71 h and 6.46 h, respectively. In conclusion, VLFS women slept less than FFS women, but no relationship was observed among men. Regardless of food security status, a considerable proportion of both men and women had inadequate sleep, which may lead to adverse health consequences.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported in part by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station (ALA043)
Mothers’ perception on weight status was a determinant of obesity among Michigan migrant seasonal farm worker families (806.10)
Authors: Song SuJin , Gonzalez Andie , Shin Da Yeon , Nieves Violeta , Song Won 
Published: June 2021

Migrant Seasonal Farm Worker (MSFW) families are vulnerable to many nutritional health risks, but little is known on determinants of obesity in this population. We aimed to identify the gap in knowledge about determinants of obesity among Michigan MSFW families. Study participants were recruited from five pre‐selected Telamon’s Michigan Migrant Head Start (MMHS) centers between July and August 2013. A total of 76 families who had at least one child enrolled in the MMHS were interviewed in English or Spanish, using an online survey questionnaire for collection of data on socio‐demographics, food security, perception on weight status (self and children), and nutrition knowledge. Height and weight were measured for each family member with a portable height and weight scale. The MSFW families were low in socioeconomic status (<130% PIR) with high prevalence of food insecurity (58%) and overweight/obesity (76% of mothers and 48% of children). Mothers had inaccurate perception on weight status for self and their children and poor nutrition knowledge. Mothers with inaccurate perception on weight status were more likely to be overweight/obese and have poor nutrition knowledge compared to those with accurate perception. Among overweight/obese children, the rates of overweight/obese mothers and mothers with inaccurate perception on weight status were higher than those of under/normal weight children. Mothers’ inaccurate perception on weight status might be a determinant of obesity among the MSFW families and it need to be improved by nutrition education to combat obesity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Telamon Corporation, MSU Extension, Julian Samora Research Institute, CAMP at MSU
Influences on eating and physical activity: a qualitative study in adolescents in a periurban area in Lima, Peru (806.13)
Authors: Banna Jinan , Buchthal Vanessa , Delormier Treena , Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary , Penny Mary 
Published: June 2021

To gain insight into socio‐cultural influences on adolescent eating and physical activity, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 adolescents 15‐17 years in periurban Lima, Peru. Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis to identify predominant themes of influencing factors. Results indicated that families are key for promoting healthy eating; parents often provided advice on food selection, home‐cooked meals, and fostered cooking skills. With peers, participants reported consuming energy‐dense and micronutrient‐poor items such as sweetened beverages and packaged snacks, but also often spent time with friends being physically active. Participants noted the importance of foods such as legumes and fish for anemia prevention. Adolescents used the Internet frequently for entertainment, communication, and for nutrition information, and viewed Internet sources as credible. Concerns about body image and desire to appear ‘thin’ also influenced intake, particularly in females. Lack of financial resources to purchase food was also mentioned. Further research is warranted to elucidate the roles of factors shaping behavior, particularly that of family. Addressing nutrition‐related issues such as obesity and iron‐deficiency anemia in this population requires consideration of the effect of social and environmental factors in the context of adolescent lifestyles on behavior.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Instituto de Investigación Nutricional
The relationship between self‐rated health and dietary choices of African Americans (806.6)
Authors: Vivas Alejandra , Exebio Joel , Zarini Gustavo , Ajabshir Sahar , Antwi Janet , Cheema Amanpreet , Vaccaro Joan , Huffman Fatma 
Published: June 2021

This cross sectional study investigated the relationship between dietary patterns measured with Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI‐05) and Self‐Rated Health (SRH) in African Americans (AA) with (n=129) and without (n=120) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recruitment was by community outreach in South Florida. Socio‐demographic information and SRH were collected using questionnaires or self‐report. Dietary variables were collected using the Willett’s food frequency questionnaire, and then HEI‐05 scores were calculated. Reported SRH of individuals with T2D was lower (33.9%, p=.001) than SRH of those without T2D for excellent/very good category. HEI‐05 scores between T2D (41.10±11.62) and without T2D (44.01±13.54) groups were only marginally significant (p=.088). Linear regression model showed an association between SRH and HEI‐05 (p=.038, B=‐2.758) after controlling for covariates. ANCOVA analysis showed that after controlling for covariates the mean HEI‐05 scores of “excellent/very good” SRH group (46.53 ± 1.81) were significantly higher than HEI‐05 scores of “good” SRH group (41.77± 1.22, p=.029) and also than “fair/poor” SRH group (40.54±1.57, p=.016). African Americans had better dietary choices when they perceived their health as “excellent/very good”.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant. AV was supported by NIH/NIGMS R25 GM061347.
The impact of school gardens on student salad selection: a pilot study (808.12)
Authors: Hanks Andrew , Wansink Brian , Just David 
Published: June 2021

Objective: With concerns about childhood obesity and the lack of vegetable among children, many have suggested introducing school gardens to draw students toward vegetable consumption. This pilot study examines the influence that preparing school lunch salads with leafy greens from a school grown garden has on vegetable consumption.Methods: A high school teacher in a small North Western New York community agreed to plant and maintain the garden with students in his class. The greens were ready to harvest in spring, 2012, and were added to the standard lunch salad on a pre‐determined date. Salad selection data were gathered for 370 high school students and compared on days when the salad bar did or did not contain greens from the school garden. To eliminate unobserved variation due to menu offerings, data were collected on three days during which pasta was served as the main dish in the cafeteria. Standard salads were served on two of the days and on the third observation day, garden greens were served with the salad. During the lunch hour, promotional materials_announcements and signs posted throughout the cafeteria_advertised that the salads served that day would include leafy greens from the school garden.Results: When salads contained garden grown leafy greens, the percentage of students taking salad increased from 2% to 10% (p<0.001), a 400% increase.Conclusions: Including leafy greens from School gardens can lead to an increase in salad selection. This is feasible in locations with shorter growing seasons. Additional interventions can be implemented encourage consumption of these nutritious foods.
Dietary supplementation of sulforaphane improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in middle‐aged obese mice (809.4)
Authors: Luo Jing , Suh Kyung‐Shin , Liu Dongmin 
Published: June 2021

Obesity and diabetes are growing health problems world‐wide. In this study, we tested whether sulforaphane, a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, has anti‐diabetic action using animal model. One year old male mice were fed either a high‐fat diet (FHD) or HFD supplemented with sulforaphane (0.3 g/kg diet) for 7 weeks. We found that dietary provision of sulforaphane greatly improved fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice fed HFD. Sulforaphane treatment had no effect on body weight gain or body composition of obese mice. In addition, body temperature, energy expenditure, or cage activity of mice were not altered by sulforaphane treatment. These data for the first time suggest that sulforaphane may be a potent natural compound for preventing the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in old adult mice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants from the NCCAM of NIH (R01AT007077) and ADA Basic Research Award
Dietary patterns are associated with obesity among Canadian adults (810.14)
Authors: Jessri Mahsa , Lou Wendy , Corey Paul , L'Abbe Mary 
Published: June 2021

Dietary factors are major contributors to the recent rise in the obesity epidemic. Since foods are consumed in combination, separating the effects of single foods is difficult in observational studies. One possible solution is to derive dietary patterns using data‐reduction techniques. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and their association with obesity among Canadians.Dietary recalls from 11,533 adults in Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 2.2) were used. Partial Least Squares analysis was applied to derive dietary patterns using 32 food groups, specifying five obesity‐related nutrients as response variables (fiber, polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio, calcium, cholesterol, fat). Bootstrap method was used to estimate p‐values, confidence intervals (CI), and coefficients of variations. Five dietary patterns were extracted, explaining 61% of response variation: “Western”, “low‐fiber”, “low‐dairy”, “egg” and “low‐processed”. Being in the fourth quartiles of “Western” and “low‐fiber” pattern scores increased the obesity risk by 1.89 (CI:1.4, 2.6) and 1.37 (CI:1.1, 1.7) times respectively, compared to the first quartile (P‐Trend=0.02). Having moderate scores for “egg” and “low‐processed” patterns was associated with 20‐25% reduction in obesity (P‐Trend=0.03). These findings support the benefits of low energy‐dense diets in prevention of obesity in Canadian adults.Grant Funding Source: CCO/CIHR Grant in Population Intervention for Chronic Disease Prevention;Vanier Graduate Scholarship
Approach to determine nutrient contributions from milk consumption by Americans aged 2+ using NHANES 2007‐2010 (810.21)
Authors: Auestad Nancy , Cifelli Christopher , Agarwal Sanjiv , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: June 2021

National dietary surveillance data collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Education Survey (NHANES) provides a way to examine the contribution of different foods and food groups to nutrient intakes in the U.S. population. The USDA recently developed the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) to better align with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The goal of this project was to examine nutrient intakes from milk in Americans aged 2 and over. Data from the dietary component of the 2007‐2008 and 2009‐2010 NHANES were used, and nutrient intakes from milk (whole, reduced‐fat, low‐fat, fat‐free) were determined using the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 26, and weighted averages of milk intake based on NHANES consumption data. Approximately 70% percent of milk was consumed as milk with the rest as part of mixed dishes. Total milk consumption contributed only 5.5% of total calories, but a substantial amount of several nutrients: 56.3% of vitamin D, 27.5% of calcium, 21.1% of vitamin B12, 20.2% of vitamin A, 19.3% of riboflavin, 15.8% of phosphorus, 12.8% of potassium, 9.5% of protein, 8.8% of magnesium, 3.0% of sodium, and 9.5% of saturated fat. These results show that milk consumption continues to be an important source of nutrients in the U.S. diet, including calcium, vitamin D, and potassium which are nutrients Americans are encouraged to increase.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Dairy Research Institute
Ten‐year trend in nutrient intakes among different breakfast habits of children and teenagers (810.4)
Authors: Miller Kevin , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: June 2021

The higher than desired prevalence of breakfast skipping reinforces the need to highlight the nutritional benefits of breakfast, especially among children and adolescents. This study evaluated recent and ten‐year intake trends by breakfast habits in children (2‐5, 6‐12, and 13‐17y). NHANES 2001‐2010 data were used to calculate adjusted means and usual nutrient intakes (NCI method) using SAS 9.2 and SUDAAN 11. Breakfast skipping (BSK) increased with age from children (2‐5y), adolescents (6‐12y) to teens (13‐17y) from 6.3, 14.6, and 28.1%, respectively. The gaps between reported intake and EAR/AI were greater for teenagers than 2‐5 or 6‐12 y/o children and included fiber, vitamin D, Ca, K (nutrients of concern in 2010 DGA), vitamins A, B1, E, K and Mg. BSK exacerbated nutrient intake shortfalls placing teens at elevated nutritional risk. Within breakfast consumers (BC), ready‐to‐eat cereal (RTEC) consumers 2‐5, 6‐12 and 13‐17 y/o reported significantly higher nutrient intakes for 11, 14, and 12 vitamins and minerals, respectively. Over the decade (2001‐2010), a positive trend for higher diet quality (HEI‐2005) was observed in the groups consuming RTEC. In addition, fiber intake trends by RTEC consumers 2‐5y and 13‐17y improved while BSK showed no improvement during the period for any age group. Compared to BSK, RTEC consumption was also associated with greater intake of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn and vitamins A, folate, C and D.Grant Funding Source: Funding by Kellogg Company
Intermittent availability of sugar‐sweetened beverages induces different reactions in mice sensitive or resistant to diet‐induced obesity (811.1)
Authors: Soto Marion , Mauduit Charles‐David , Chaumontet Catherine , Even Patrick , Fromentin Gilles , Tomé Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Sensitivity to obesity is highly variable in humans, and mice fed high caloric diets are used as a model of this heterogeneity. We hypothesised that obesity‐associated metabolic abnormalities due to long‐term consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) were greater for mice sensitive to obesity induced by a high caloric diet.180 male C57BL/6 mice were fed a western diet (WD) for 3 weeks. The 45 obesity prone (OP) mice (those with the greatest weight gain) and the 45 obesity resistant (OR) mice (lowest weight gain), were retained and each divided into 3 groups (n=15/group) with access to WD plus either: i) water for 16 weeks, ii) water and SSB‐2h (12.6% w/v sucrose in water, random 2h period a day, random 5 days per week) for 16 weeks, or iii) water and SSB‐2h for 8 weeks, then access to only water for 8 weeks.SSB consumption led to increased fat mass for both OP and OR mice, without increasing total caloric intake. OP mice with access to SSB had a greater body weight gain and adiposity, food efficiency, increased hepatic lipid accumulation, and developed insulin resistance. Results from group (iii) show that most effects were at least partly reversible.Our study demonstrates that time‐limited and random access to SSB for 16 weeks has metabolic consequences that are greater for OP mice. Quantification of genes involved in lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and central satiety pathways will allow us to understand their origins.
Relationships between physical activity, food choice, gender, and BMI in Southern California teenagers (811.11)
Authors: Fuller Shiloah , Levy Susan , Dehamer Rebecca , Hong Mee Young 
Published: June 2021

More than one third of the adolescent and child population is overweight or obese. It is critical to determine the major underlying causes and how to remedy them to prevent the onset of obesity related diseases. The goal of this survey was to determine the relationship between physical activity (PA), BMI, and food choices in adolescent males and females. One thousand eighty one Southern California teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 were surveyed. Sugary beverage consumption was significantly higher for over weight (OW) teens reporting higher (PA), but significantly lower for normal BMI teens reporting higher PA (P<0.05). Regardless of BMI, those reporting higher PA reported higher vegetable intake (P<0.05). OW teens reported significantly higher fruit intake regardless of PA level (P<0.05). Increased dairy consumption was reported in OW teens, as well as in those with higher PA levels (P<0.005). Protein and legume consumption was higher in the OW groups (P<0.05), regardless of PA. Males reported significantly more PA than females (P<0.001), but no significant gender differences in BMI were detected. Female BMIs were negatively correlated with reported PA (P<0.005). Both male and female OW teens reported significantly higher intakes of sugary and higher fat foods, regardless of PA level, leading us to believe that food intake has more of an effect on BMI than PA.Grant Funding Source: SDSU Nutr 302L
Review on mobile phone applications in weight management interventions (811.29)
Authors: Meng Yu , Wong Siew Sun 
Published: June 2021

During the past 5 years, mobile technology gained more researchers’ attentions for its strong capabilities and potential usability in weight management interventions. This review summarizes the applications of mobile phone from over 30 literatures and interventions. In nutrition and physical activity interventions, mobile phones were most frequently used for participants to: 1) receive daily/weekly communications; 2) tract physical activities and daily food and calorie consumption; and 3) use mobile phone games to promote healthy behaviors. The most common features of mobile phones were texting, Global Positioning System (GPS) and health and wellness apps. Studies using mobile phone as a major intervention tool had relatively shorter duration (1‐4 wk), smaller sample size (n=8‐30), but had more significant findings than those that only used mobile phone to communication such as weekly text or email. The main reason of this difference, which is also the most challenging part of using phone apps as major intervention, is that the interest attenuates rapidly during the studies. Best practices found were: 1) keep usage motivation high by integrating features that are interactive, exciting, joyful, and lively; 2) provide both positive and negative feedback; ; and 3) use corrective and celebratory techniques in health games on phone.Grant Funding Source: PacificSource Healthcare