bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative assessment of Non-destructive and destructive methods for precise volume estimation of mango (Mangifera indica) trees
Authors: Kushwaha Alka , Kumar Ashok , Khan Rahila Rahman 
Published: March 2021

Terrestrial carbon sequestration is a natural process towards carbon mitigation in which perennial trees play a vital role. Total biomass of the tree can be measured by a destructive and Non-destructive method. Since tree felling is ban in India, Non-destructive measurements by allometric equations have been widely used for the estimation of tree biomass, which is derived from the destructive method. The present study focused on estimating mango (Mangifera indica) wood logs volume both by destructive and Non-destructive methods in ICAR-Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow. In Non-destructive method, all required physical parameters were recorded from different positions and further calculated by T2: log formula = ?h (r12+r22+r1 r2)/3; T3: cylindrical shape formula = ?r2h with mean value and T4: cylindrical shape formula = ?r2h with maximum value. The calculated volume of mango wood logs was compared with the obtained volume by T1:Water displacement method. ANOVA was used to compare volume generated from several methods. The results showed that average volume obtained by T2 and T3 methods was found less than the T1 method, which was 13.69 % and 12.95 %, respectively. The volume obtained by T4 was found close to the T1. The study minimized the error while estimating the biomass of mango trees with the essential parameter, the wood volume. Calculating the volume of major branches in the mango tree will make it easier to calculate accurate AGB by a Non-destructive method. The estimated AGB will be helpful to calculate the amount of sequestered carbon and contribution toward mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide by mango cultivated areas.
Application of nano-curcumin as a natural antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive pathogens
Authors: Sankhwar Ruchi , Yadav Shilpi , Kumar Abhishek , Gupta Ravi Kr. 
Published: March 2021

Gram-positive bacteria cause various diseases from the superficial skin to deep tissue infections. The capability of causing numerous diseases is due to the production of virulence factors which are tightly regulated by the virulence genes. Various Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria e.g. Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, and Listeria are capable of causing lethal infections in humans and animals. Conventional antibiotics, targeted antibiotics, and combinatorial drugs are used as therapeutic agents against Gram-positive pathogens. Due to intricate virulence pathway bacteria readily adopt resistance to available drugs. Therefore, there is need to develop some alternative approaches to combat these infections. Various natural extracts are effective against pathogenic bacteria with or without the available drugs. Curcumin is a natural extract of Curcuma longas rhizome, known as turmeric. Curcumin shows various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. It also shows strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and few Gram-negative bacteria. Besides all these beneficial applications, major drawbacks of curcumin are poor aqueous solubility and less bioavailability. However, drug delivery approaches including nanoformulation are developed to increase its stability in vitro and in vivo settings. The present review article focused on the translation of potential applications of curcumin in various diseases specifically caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Various methods used for the formulations of curcumin nanoparticles, combinatorial strategies with curcumin nanoparticles and their application in the prevention of infections have been discussed. The present article also discusses the future aspects of curcumin-nanoparticles and its use as an alternative therapeutic approach against pathogens.
Metabolomics using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibacterial activity of nine Ocimum taxa of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Chowdhury Tanmay , Basak Goutam Kumar , Deepalakshmi Putchen Dakshinamoorthy , Saha Soumen , Mandal Amitava 
Published: March 2021

Ocimum traditionally known as Holy Basil or Tulsi is an available herb plenty across the country. Traditionally, it is used against a number of human diseases. In this present study, the metabolites present in the ethanolic extracts of nine Ocimum taxa, O. tenuiflorum L. (Green and purple type) two morphotypes of O. basilicum L., (Babu and Marua tulsi) two morphotypes of O. gratissimum L. (Ram and Ajowan tulsi) and each one from O. americanum L. (Bon tulsi), O. × africanum Lour. (Lebu tulsi), and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke.grown naturally in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India were identified using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the identified metabolites, carbohydrates, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon, amino acids, phenolic compounds, quinone, steroids, terpenoids and vitamin E were the chief constituents. The occurrence of these metabolites describes the high biological activity of Ocimum species. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial activities were also identified against four bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1305), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 2939). Tested bacterial strains were taken from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India The results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of all the nine Ocimum taxa have satisfactory minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against the tested microorganisms. O. tenuiflorum has the highest (91.03 %) metabolic content whereas O. × africanum has the minimum. This would definitely serve as a scientific basis of the traditional use of basil against human ailments.
Development of sugar free cookies with novel biodegradable packaging film
Authors: Rao Eram S. , Meena Prem Lata , Barwa Manjeet Singh 
Published: March 2021

The use of alternative sweeteners can help manage weight and normal blood glucose levels of diabetics. Development and standardization of sugar free, low glycemic index and high fibre cookies using wheat flour, oats, trans free bakery shortening, and almonds. Physiochemical analysis of the raw materials used for cookie preparation and the finished product was conducted. Cookies were analysed for diameter, height, spread ratio, texture, and water activity. Sensory analysis using semi-trained panellists was done to establish the acceptability of the product. The formulated cookies were well accepted by the semi-trained panellists as well as the people with diabetes who were randomly selected for the study. The overall appearance, texture and flavour of the cookies were moderately liked by the panellists as indicated in the qualitative descriptive analysis. The product did not change much with the storage of 90 days. The cookies were high in dietary fibre (2.5g per serving), out of which ?- glucan, a soluble fibre was found to be 0.8g per serving which offers a healthy alternative for consumers. The biodegradable polymer used for packaging the cookies was prepared using terpolymer. The chemical and physical properties of the polymer were determined using acid value which was between 0.0195 and 0.0200, hydroxyl value; 0.0260 and 0.023 and the molecular weight was in the range of 10,256 ? and 10,000 ? of the terpolymer A and B, respectively. The polymer demonstrated good mechanical strength as well as and water vapours barrier properties to be used as a primary package for cookies.
Suitability of three different cereal grains for spawn development and their impact on the growth and yield of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lod.
Authors: Devi Sapna , Sumbali Geeta 
Published: March 2021

Mushroom cultivation is an economical biotechnological process for the conversion of various unused lignocellulosic wastes into protein rich food. The present study was conducted to assess the suitability of three different cereal grains viz., bajra (Pennisetum glaucum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) for spawn production of Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lod. and further its cultivation on two agrowastes (wheat straw and paddy straw) for assessing biological efficacy. It was observed that among the three cereal grains tested, bajra grains took significantly (P?0.05) less time for spawn development. Moreover, a minimum period of spawn run (16.3 days), highest sporophore yield (343.6g/500g of dry substrate) and biological efficiency (68.7%) were also recorded from substrate bags inoculated with bajra grain spawn. These results suggest the use of bajra grain spawn for quick and successful cultivation of M. gigantea.
Integrated nutrient management - promising way to reduce carbon dioxide and methane emission in flooded rice ecosystem: A review
Authors: Ravikumar C. , Ganapathy M. , Karthikeyan A. , Senthilvalavan P. , Manivannan R. 
Published: March 2021

Climate change is an inevitable ruling issue caused by the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG’s) in the atmosphere worldwide. It will have a considerable impact on agriculture and its related fields like live stocks and fisheries. In India, the main sectors contributing to these emissions are industry, agriculture and waste, with a total emission of 334 MT CO2 eq. Besides, the major sources in agriculture are enteric fermentation (63.4%), rice cultivation (20.9%), agricultural soils (13.0%), manure management (2.4%) and on-field burning is the crop residue (2.0%). Thus, the crop productivity sector (rice cultivation, soil and field burning of crop residues) contributes 35.9% to the total emission from agriculture. Therefore, reducing GHG emissions and enhancing the C sequestration in soil and biomass has become challenging. However, the total GHG’s emission from all sectors of the country has decreased from 33% in 1970 to 18% in 2010. Cutting off GHGs emission from agriculture can be achieved by sequestering C and reducing methane emissions(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) through various soil and crop management strategies. Integrated nutrient management (INM) practice ensures the Soil –plant –atmospheric continuum (SPAC) in a promising way, reducing the GHGs emission by sequestering more carbon to soil than emissions. A studious prominent INM solution can be identified to develop a mitigation strategy that helps in climate change adaptation and sustains soil health through soil carbon sequestration.
वैदिक सामाजिक संरचना र लैङ्गिकताको सवाल Vaidik Samajik Samrachana ra Laingikatako Sawal
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari शुुक्रराज Shukraraj 
Published: March 2021

वैदिक सामाजिक संरचनालाई प्राचीन ग्रन्थ वेदले प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने कालखण्डकोपरावर्तित स्वरूपको रूपमा बुझिन्छ । यस आलेखको उद्देश्य त्यही प्राचीन ग्रन्थ वेदले प्रतिनिधित्वगर्ने कालखण्डको सामाजिक संरचनाभित्र पुरुषत्व तथा नारीत्व र दाम्पत्य सम्बन्धकोे विश्लेषणगर्दै लैङ्गिकता निर्माणका तथ्यहरूसँग सैदान्तिक बहसमा केन्द्रित सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताहरूकोसादृश्यता खोज्ने रहेको छ । उल्लिखित उद्देश्य प्राप्तिको लागि वेद, वेदको ऐतिहासिकता,ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भहरू, विभिन्न लैङ्गिक अध्ययनहरूलाई सूचनाको स्रोतको रूपमा लिइएको छ ।यस अध्ययनमा मुख्य गरी द्वितीय स्रोतमा आधारित तथ्यहरूको बढी प्रयोग गरिएको छ ।संकलित तथ्यहरूलाई विश्लेषणका लागि ऐतिहासिक अन्तर्वस्तु विश्लेषण विधिलाई प्रयोगमाल्याइएको छ । वेदकालीन सामाजिक संरचना पशुपालन र पितृसत्तात्मक स्वरूपको भएकालेवेदकालीन परिवार एवम् राज्यमा पुरुष वंश र नेतृत्व स्थापित भएको पाइयो । उत्पादन तथाश्रममूलक कार्य अन्तर्गत घरायसी कार्यमा महिलाको र बाह्य काममा पुरुषको संलग्नता बढी रहने गरेको देखिए पनि यज्ञ, संस्कार, युद्ध एवम् राजनीतिक कार्यमा महिला पुरुष दुवैको सहभागिता रहेको देखिएको छ । साधन स्रोतको विस्तार र राज्य व्यवस्थाको निर्माणसँगैनेतृत्वमा स्थापित भएको राजन्य एवं पुरोहितवर्गले वैदिक आर्यहरूको प्रजातीय शुद्धता कायमराख्ने हेतुले निर्माण गरेका विभिन्न संस्कारजन्य विधि विधानहरूप्रतिको विश्वास र अभ्यासबाटवेदकालीन समाजमा एकीकृत भूमिका, निष्ठा र मर्यादा सहितको दाम्पत्य सम्बन्धको विकासगराएको देखिन्छ ।
Using Moodle as a Solution to Interdisciplinary E-collaboration Issues
Authors: Kozłowska Ewa Dorota 
Published: March 2021

Rapid technological development in recent years has contributed to numerous changes in many areas of life, including education and communication. Establishing interdisciplinary collaboration brings many benefits, it is, however, often associated with numerous problems and inconveniences, as well as the need for constant improvement, lifelong learning, professional development (CPD) and finding an effective way of information transfer. Living in a constant rush makes the logical order of information transfer become a key aspect, as more and more operations are being done chaotically, using multiple online tools. Although collaboration happens to be complicated even for colleagues specializing in different aspects of the same profession, establishing cooperation between specific groups of interdisciplinary specialists, such as engineers and physicians, has a significant impact on modern diagnostics and medical treatment development. Based on some selected case studies investigated at Gdańsk University of Technology andMedical University of Gdańsk, supported by an overview of available education and collaboration tools, a solution based on the Moodle LMS platform has been proposed, implemented, and analyzed.
Students' Communication Skills In Solving Mathematical Literacy Problems Based On Mathematical Abilities
Authors: Samawati Ilmus , Kurniasari Ika 
Published: March 2021

Communication is one of the important things in the learning process because there will be social interactions that can make learning more lively. Through communication, students can understand and interpret understanding of mathematical problems, not only calculation problems but also mathematical problems in everyday life. This research aims to describe students' communication skills in solving mathematical literacy problems based on mathematical abilities. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The subjects in this research were 27 students of class VIII in one of SMP Swasta in Sidoarjo. Subjects were given a mathematics ability test to categorize the subject's mathematical abilities into high, medium, and low-levels. The research data were obtained from the results of mathematics literacy tests and interviews conducted by 3 selected subjects. The results showed that 1) students with high mathematical abilities have a medium category of communication skills because students can fulfill the indicators of expression, interpretation, use of notations/symbols, and evaluation with correct answers without complete reasons, 2) students with medium mathematical abilities have a medium category of communication skills because students can fulfill the expression and interpretation indicators with correct answers along with correct and clear reasons, fulfill the indicators of using notations/symbols with correct answers without complete reasons, but students do not fulfill the evaluation indicators, and 3) students with low mathematical abilities have a very low category of communication skills because students can fulfill the expression and interpretation indicators with wrong answers but there is a reason, fulfill the indicators of using notations/symbols with correct answers but no reason, but students do not fulfill the evaluation indicators.
Keywords: communication skills, written, mathematical literacy problems, mathematical abilities.
Sapi-Sapian, Contextualizing Mathematical Concepts Through Cultural Tradition
Authors: Widyasari Widyasari , Hariastuti Rachmaniah Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Sapi-sapian is one of the traditions in Kenjo Village which is carried out every Muharram month as an expression of gratitude to God for abundance of agricultural crops. Sapi-sapian tradition contains four processions, namely the selametan pecel gerang, tumpeng serakat, ider bumi oncor-oncoran,and the celebration, which contain ethnomathematics. In order to get the most out of ethnomathematics in the Sapi-sapian tradition, a qualitative-descriptive study was conducted as a method. Due to the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic which caused the Sapi-sapian tradition to be carried out optimally in 2020, data was collected using in-depth interviews, and cultural documentation. The research informants were the Chief of the Kenjo Village Custom, the Deputy Head of the Adat, and one resident who had been involved in the implementation of the Sapi-sapian tradition. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively based on several analysis processes in ethnographic research. The results showed that there are mathematical concepts found in the Sapi-sapian tradition of Kenjo Village, including : two and three dimensional geometry, fractions, transformations, and traditional measurements with non-standard units.
Keyword : Sapi-sapian, Cultural tradition, Ethnomathematics
An Error Analysis of Students’ Difficulties in Differential Calculus
Authors: Meiliasari Meiliasari , Wijayanti Dwi Antari , Azima Laely Astafiani 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the types of mistake and causes of the XI grade students of SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta TP. 2019/2020 made a mistake in solving the problem of an algebraic function derivative application. The method of this research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data was obtained by conducting tests and interview online. The respondents were drawn from 6 XI class in SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta. Each student's work was analyzed to describe the types of mistakes using the Newman analysis procedure, then an interview was conducted to describe the factors that caused students to make mistakes. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the types of mistakes found when students solve problems in the application of algebraic function derivatives are 1) reading mistakes, that is, incorrectly writing the functions listed in the questions, 2) mistakes in understanding, in the form of misinterpreting what is known and asked about, 3) transformation mistakes, in the form of students' inability to choose procedures to solve problems appropriately, 4) process skill mistakes, in the form of incomplete student work, miscalculation, 5) conditioning mistakes, in the form of students' inability to show the final answer. The contributing factors are that students do not understand the derivative application material of algebraic functions, students are in a hurry to solve the problems, different types of questions given are different from the questions exemplified by the teacher, and rarely make conclusions at the end of the answer.
Keywords: analysis of mistakes, newman procedure, application of derivative algebraic functions.
Comparison of WhatsApp and Google Classroom Group Online Learning Models to Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Susilowati Eka 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare whether there were differences in the learning outcomes of students in the Mathematics Education Study Program of the University of PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya in the even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year in Calculus I when applying the online learning model using the WhatsApp group and using Google Class and to know which online learning model is better between the two. The research methods used in analyzing this research are using a quantitative research approach. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental research design, namely a posttest only comparison group design. The sampling technique was applied. is a simple random sampling technique where the population is 90 students and the sample used is 45 students from classes 2019 A and 2019 C. The data used in this study are sourced from primary data, namely the scores of the 2019A class and class students' Middle Semester Examination. 2019C and secondary data derived from observations and archives. The data analysis technique used was descriptive data analysis and inferential statistical analysis through a t-test using the MS Excel program. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the online learning model using WhatsApp Groups is slightly better than using Google Classroom by paying attention to the system that is applied during learning.
Keywords: covid 19, WhatsApp group, Google Classroom, daring learning model, comparison.
The Development of Euclid Geometry’s Teaching Materials Based on KKNI to Improve Students Cognition Analysis and Deductive Reasoning Abilities
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi Antari , Sampoerno Pinta Deniyanti , Meidianingsih Qorry 
Published: March 2021

This research aims to develop teaching materials that have been produced by the application of the learning model Means Ends Analysis in the form of Classroom Action Research. The development carried out in this study resulted in Euclid Geometry teaching materials based on KKNI to improve cognitive analytical skills and deductive reasoning of students of the Mathematics Education Study Program, State University of Jakarta. There were five steps carried out in developing this teaching material, including initial research, collecting data and information on needs, planning changes to teaching materials, developing early teaching materials, field trials, and revisions. The teaching material developed is suitable for use in Euclid's Geometry learning because it has passed the expert validation process. Also, this teaching material has been tested on students who have been and are currently taking Euclid's Geometry courses. This concludes that Euclid Geometry teaching materials based on KKNI are feasible and can be used as a handbook for students in taking Euclid Geometry courses in the Mathematics Education Study Program of FMIPA UNJ.
Keywords: Euclid's geometry, learning models, means-ends analysis, classroom action research.
Student's Critical Thinking Ability in Algebra Material using Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL)
Authors: Kurniati Nia , Sari Dwi Ivayana , Listiawati Enny 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of teachers to manage to learn using the POGIL model and to describe students' critical thinking skills after being taught using the POGIL model. This type of research was quantitative research. The research design used was one group posttest only, with a population of all VII grade students of SMP N 1 Geger, and one class was taken randomly as a sample, namely class VIIC as the sample. The data collection techniques used were observation and tests. Observations were made to obtain data on the ability of teachers in managing to learn using the POGIL learning model and tests were carried out to obtain data on students' critical thinking abilities. The data analysis used was descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the teacher's ability to manage to learn was said to be effective because the average results of the observed aspects in learning I and II were in good and very good categories. This shows that the teacher has carried out the learning process well and was by the steps of the POGIL learning model. The POGIL learning model was also able to develop students' critical thinking skills because the total percentage of students with high and moderate critical thinking skills was more than 80%.
Keywords: critical thinking, POGIL learning model.