bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of the impact of water droplets on oil replenishment in EHD lubricated contacts
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Jintao , Huang Lu , Zhang Jingyue , Xu Changhong , Tong Lin , Guo Dan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater is one of the most significant causes of lubrication failure. There is little research on the direct observation of the impact of water on lubrication properties. In this study, the influence of water on oil replenishment under different elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubricating conditions is evaluated using optical interferometry and infrared microscopy, and a dimensionless criterion when water influences the film thickness is proposed. Evidence shows that the scour displacing effect and emulsification of water/oil are the main reasons for the reduction in film thickness. Once a water droplet enters an oil reservoir around the critical contact zone, it hardly moves away. This aggravates starvation, reduces the center film thickness of the contact, and leads to lubrication failure of the mechanical components.
Multi-attribute group decision-making process based on possibility degree and operators for intuitionistic multiplicative set
Authors: Garg Harish 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to present a novel multiple attribute group decision-making process under the intuitionistic multiplicative preference set environment. In it, Saaty’s 1/9-9 scale is used to express the imprecise information which is asymmetrical distribution about 1. To achieve it, the present work is divided into three folds. First, a concept of connection number-based intuitionistic multiplicative set (CN-IMS) is formulated by considering three degrees namely “identity”, “contrary”, and “discrepancy” of the set and study their features. Second, to rank the given number, we define a novel possibility degree measure which compute the degree of possibility within the given objects. Finally, several aggregation operators on the pairs of the given numbers are designed and investigated their fundamental inequalities and relations. To explain the presented measures and operators, a group decision-making approach is promoted to solve the problems with uncertain information and illustrated with several examples. The advantages, comparative, as well as perfection analysis of the proposed framework are furnished to confirm the approach.
Objective Rating of the Launch Behavior of Conventional, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Dorsch Christian , Wang Xiao , Küçükay Ferit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe calibration of conventional, hybrid and electric drivetrains is an important process during the development phase of any vehicle. Therefore, to optimize the comfort and dynamic behavior (known as driveability), many test drives are performed by experienced drivers during different driving maneuvers, e.g., launch, re-launch or gear shift. However, the process can be kept more consistent and independent of human-based deviations by using objective ratings. This study first introduces an objective rating system developed for the launch behavior of conventional vehicles with automatic transmission, dual-clutch transmission, and alternative drivetrains. Then, the launch behavior, namely comfort and dynamic quality, is compared between two conventional vehicles, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and a battery electric vehicle. Results show the benefits of pure electric drivetrains due to the lack of launch and shifting elements, as well as the usage of a highly dynamic electric motor. While the plug-in hybrid achieves a 10% higher overall rating compared to the baseline conventional vehicle, the pure electric vehicle even achieves a 21% higher overall rating. The results also highlight the optimization potential of battery electric vehicles regarding their comfort and dynamic characteristics. The transitions and the gradient of the acceleration build-up have a major influence on the launch quality.
Finite element modelling of interlocking stabilized laterite soil block walls
Authors: Fundi Sanewu Isaac , Kaluli James Wambua , Kinuthia John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study sought to use the stress–strain relationship of interlocking stabilized soil block (ISSB) masonry to model its behaviour and develop empirical formulae to aid in predicting its compressive strength. A finite element (FE) analysis adopting the Rankine failure criterion was performed using Abaqus software to simulate the deformability behaviour of the wall which was validated through experimental tests. The compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and density of ISSB defined in the FE model were determined by performing laboratory tests on laterite soil blocks stabilized with pozzolanic cement, hydrated lime and rice husk ash. Conversely, the predictive empirical formulae for the compressive strength of the ISSB masonry was developed by performing statistical multiple regression analysis. In addition to the mechanical properties of masonry, the FE simulation results indicated that the deformability behaviour of ISSB masonry is influenced by the type of stabilizer used on the target material. This dictated the stress distribution and vertical displacement on the masonry. A diagonally stepped failure mode was experienced in more brittle masonry while cone failure mode was observed in less brittle masonry assemblage.
Insight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles
Authors: Zamri Nur Izzah Iwanina , Zulmajdi Siti Lailatul N. , Daud Nur Zafirah A. , Mahadi Abdul Hanif , Kusrini Eny , Usman Anwar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present study, pectin-alginate-titania (PAT) composites were synthesized and the adsorptive removal behavior of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, as a model of synthetic organic effluents, onto the prepared PAT composites were investigated by monitoring the effect of contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the PAT composites and that the MB adsorption occurred on the active sites on multilayer surface of the composites. The adsorption kinetics of MB was demonstrated to be pseudo-second order, governed by two intraparticle diffusion rates, and the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and more disorder. The Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB on the PAT composites was in the range of 435–637 mg g–1. In general, it increased with the TiO2 NPs content in the PAT composites, due most likely to the increase in surface area exposing more functional groups of the pectin and alginate to interact with the synthetic dye. The adsorptive removal of MB by the PAT composites was found to be more efficient compared with many other reported adsorbents, such as graphene oxide hybrids, pectin microspheres, magnetite-silica-pectin composites, clay-based materials, chemically treated minerals, and agricultural waste. The present study therefore demonstrated for the first time that PAT composites are not only promising to be utilized as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment, but also provide an insight into the adsorption mechanism of the synthetic dyes onto the biopolymers-titania composites.

Graphic abstract
Insight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles.
Analysis of gravity and aeromagnetic data to determine structural trend and basement depth beneath the Ajdabiya Trough in northeastern Libya
Authors: Eshanibli Abdelhakim S. , Osagie Abel Uyimwen , Ismail Nur Azwin , Ghanush Hussin B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we analyse both ground gravity and aeromagnetic data in order to delineate structural trends, fault systems and deduce sedimentary thicknesses within the Ajdabiya Trough in Libya’s northeast. A high-pass filter and a reduced-to-the-pole (RTP) transformation are applied to the gravity and aeromagnetic data respectively. Different filters are used to enhance the structural signatures and fault trends within the study area. The Werner deconvolution and source parameter imaging (SPI) techniques are applied to the RTP magnetic data for source depth estimation. Four well-data within the area are used as constraints in the two-dimensional forward modelling process. The results show that the Ajdabiya Trough is characterised by gravity anomaly highs and magnetic anomaly lows. The analysis of gravity data shows predominant Northeast–Southwest structural trends, whereas the analysis of magnetic data shows predominant North–South magnetic lineaments within the Ajdabiya Trough. The Euler deconvolution depth estimates of faults depths range between 1500 and 9500 m. The SPI estimates of the magnetic basement range between 2500 and 11,500 m beneath the study area (deepest beneath the Ajdabiya Trough). Constrained by the well-data, six major layers characterize the four profiles that are taken within the area. One of the profiles shows a high-density intrusion (about 4 km from the surface) within the sedimentary sequence. The intrusion may be the result of the rifting Sirt Basin which caused a weakening of the crust to allow for mantle intrusion.
A basic human values approach to migration policy communication
Authors: Dennison James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article considers what types of strategic communication messaging regarding migration policy are likely to be more or less effective. To do so, the article summarizes the literature to, first, note the broadly postulated effectiveness of value-based messaging and, second, note how underdefined this concept remains. To overcome this shortcoming, I introduce Schwarz’s psychological theory of “basic human values” and use European Social Survey data to visualize the relationship between these values and attitudes to immigration. I argue that messaging with a value-basis that is concordant with that of its audience is more likely to elicit sympathy, whereas that which is discordant with the values of its audience is more likely to elicit antipathy. Given the value-balanced orientations of those with moderate attitudes to immigration, persuasive migration messaging should attempt to mobilize values of its opposition; that is pro-migration messaging should mobilize Schwarz’s values of conformity, tradition, security, and power, whereas anti-migration messaging should mobilize values of universalism, benevolence, self-direction, and stimulation. I then turn to an inventory of 135 migration communication campaigns provided by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development. I show that few pro-migration campaigns contained value-based messaging, whereas all anti-migration campaigns did. Similarly, very few pro-migration campaigns included values besides “universalism” and “benevolence,” whereas anti-migration campaigns included values associated with both pro- and anti-migration attitudes. I visually demonstrate examples of each case before discussing ramifications for policy communication.
HPLSE editorial tribute to Professor David Neely
Authors: Danson Colin , McKenna Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
David Neely was an internationally recognised scientist who formed collaborations and friendships across the world. His passion for his work always shone through. He always made time for early-career scientists and became a mentor and supervisor to many. He was an active Editorial Board Member of the international journal High Power Laser Science and Engineering. Sadly, David was taken from us much too early. In this Editorial we pay tribute to his work through his publications in the journal.
The aloneness argument against classical theism
Authors: SCHMID JOSEPH C. , MULLINS R. T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe argue that there is a conflict among classical theism's commitments to divine simplicity, divine creative freedom, and omniscience. We start by defining key terms for the debate related to classical theism. Then we articulate a new argument, the Aloneness Argument, aiming to establish a conflict among these attributes. In broad outline, the argument proceeds as follows. Under classical theism, it's possible that God exists without anything apart from Him. Any knowledge God has in such a world would be wholly intrinsic. But there are contingent truths in every world, including the world in which God exists alone. So, it's possible that God (given His omniscience) contingently has wholly intrinsic knowledge. But whatever is contingent and wholly intrinsic is an accident. So, God possibly has an accident. This is incompatible with classical theism. Finally, we consider and rebut several objections.
Permutations with equal orders
Authors: Acan Huseyin , Burnette Charles , Eberhard Sean , Schmutz Eric , Thomas James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet${\mathbb{P}}(ord\pi = ord\pi ')$be the probability that two independent, uniformly random permutations of [n] have the same order. Answering a question of Thibault Godin, we prove that${\mathbb{P}}(ord\pi = ord\pi ') = {n^{ - 2 + o(1)}}$and that${\mathbb{P}}(ord\pi = ord\pi ') \ge {1 \over 2}{n^{ - 2}}lg*n$for infinitely manyn. (Herelg*nis the height of the tallest tower of twos that is less than or equal ton.)
Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments
Authors: Huang H. , Gutjahr M. , Kuhn G. , Hathorne Ed C. , Eisenhauer A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadiogenic lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions extracted from authigenic phases in marine sediments are sensitive tracers to reconstruct past ocean circulation and water mass mixing. Chemical reductive leaching of hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides from bulk sediments is the most practical way to recover past seawater Pb and Nd isotope signatures in the Southern Ocean, due to the scarcity of alternative archives. However, the leached signal could be compromised if substantial quantities of Pb and Nd were released from non‐hydrogenetic sediment fractions during chemical extraction. Here we developed a very short 10‐s leaching method to extract reliable seawater Pb and Nd isotope signals from sediments in the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean. The effect of a previously recommended MgCl2pre‐wash, the role of chelate ligands in the leaching solution and length of leaching time were investigated. The results show that 10‐s exposure time of sediments to reductive leaching extracted sufficient and more reliable hydrogenetic Pb and Nd compared with the commonly used 30‐min leaching approaches. The robustness of our improved leaching method was validated via direct comparison of Pb and Nd isotope signatures with actual seawater, porewater, and corresponding sediment leachates from three stations in front of the Antarctic Filchner‐Rønne Ice Shelf. Our findings also indicate that in contrast previously studied sites on the West Antarctic continental shelf, the bottom seawater Nd concentration is less elevated through benthic fluxes in the area of the southern Weddell Sea shelf.
Validation of the Community Land Model Version 5 Over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) Using In Situ and Remote Sensing Data Sets
Authors: Cheng Yanyan , Huang Maoyi , Zhu Bowen , Bisht Gautam , Zhou Tian , Liu Ying , Song Fengfei , He Xiaogang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Community Land Model (CLM) is an effective tool to simulate the biophysical and biogeochemical processes and their interactions with the atmosphere. Although CLM version 5 (CLM5) constitutes various updates in these processes, its performance in simulating energy, water and carbon cycles over the contiguous United States (CONUS) at scales which land surface changes and hydrometeorological and hydroclimatological applications are more locally relevant is yet to be assessed. In this study, we conducted three simulations at 0.125° during 1979–2018 over the CONUS using different configurations of CLM, namely CLM5‐biogeochemistry (CLM5BGC), CLM4.5BGC, and CLM5‐satellite phenology (CLM5SP). We validated and compared their simulations against multiple remote‐sensed and in situ data sets. Overall, the parametric and structural updates (e.g., carbon cost for nitrogen uptake, variable soil thickness, dry surface layer) in CLM5 improve its ability in capturing terrestrial biogeochemical dynamics. The low evapotranspiration in CLM5BGC is associated with biases in simulating vegetation phenological characteristics rather than soil water limitations. The mismatch between CLM5BGC‐simulated peak leaf area index and reference data can be attributed to CLM5BGC's inability in simulating phenology of trees and grasses. The differences between CLM‐simulated irrigation and reference estimates can be attributed to differences between processes represented in models and in reality, and uncertainties in input and validation data sets. Evaluation against observations at small catchments suggest that hydrologic parameters needed to be calibrated to improve simulations of runoff, especially subsurface runoff. Additional efforts are needed to incorporate spatially distributed plant phenology and physiology parameters and regional‐specific agricultural management practices (e.g., planting and harvest).
Widening of Hydrous Shear Zones During Incipient Eclogitization of Metastable Dry and Rigid Lower Crust—Holsnøy, Western Norway
Authors: Kaatz Lisa , Zertani Sascha , Moulas Evangelos , John Timm , Labrousse Loïc , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Andersen Torgeir B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe partially eclogitized crustal rocks on Holsnøy in the Bergen Arcs, Norway, indicate that eclogitization is caused by the interplay of brittle and ductile deformation promoted by fluid infiltration and fluid‐rock interaction. Eclogitization generated an interconnected network of millimeter‐to‐kilometer‐wide hydrous eclogite‐facies shear zones, which presumably caused transient weakening of the mechanically strong lower crust. To decipher the development of those networks, we combine detailed lithological and structural mapping of two key outcrops with numerical modeling. Both outcrops are largely composed of preserved granulite with minor eclogite‐facies shear zones, thus representing the beginning phases of eclogitization and ductile deformation. We suggest that deformation promoted fluid‐rock interaction and eclogitization, which gradually consumed the granulite until fluid‐induced reactions were no longer significant. The shear zones widen during progressive deformation. To identify the key parameters that impact shear zone widening, we generated scale‐independent numerical models, which focus on different processes affecting the shear zone evolution: (i) rotation of the shear zones caused by finite deformation, (ii) mechanical weakening due to a limited amount of available fluid, and (iii) weakening and further hydration of the shear zones as a result of continuous and unlimited fluid supply. A continuous diffusion‐type fluid infiltration, with an effective diffusion coefficient around , coupled with deformation is prone to develop structures similar to the ones mapped in field. Our results suggest that the shear zones formed under a continuous fluid supply, causing shear zone widening, rather than localization, during progressive deformation.
Effects of tilt on cerebral hemodynamics measured by NeoDoppler in healthy neonates
Authors: Jarmund Anders Hagen , Ødegård Siv Steinsmo , Torp Hans , Nyrnes Siri Ann 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Today, there are conflicting descriptions of how neonates respond to tilt. Examining physiologic responses of cerebral blood flow velocities (BFVs) in challenging situations like a tilt requires equipment that can cope with positional changes. We aimed to characterize how healthy term neonates respond to mild cerebral hemodynamic stress induced by a 90° tilt test using the recently developed NeoDoppler ultrasound system.

Methods
A small ultrasound probe was fixated to the neonatal fontanel by a cap, and measured cerebral BFV in healthy neonates during and after a 90° head-up tilt test, five min in total, at their first and second day of life. Unsupervised k-means cluster analysis was used to characterize common responses.

Results
Fifty-six ultrasound recordings from 36 healthy term neonates were analyzed. We identified five distinct, immediate responses that were related to specific outcomes in BFV, heart rate, and pulsatility index the next two min. Among 20 neonates with two recordings, 13 presented with different responses in the two tests.

Conclusions
Instant changes in cerebral BFV were detected during the head-up tilt tests, and the cluster analysis identified five different hemodynamic responses. Continuous recordings revealed that the differences between groups persisted two min after tilt.

Impact

NeoDoppler is a pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound system with a probe fixated to the neonatal fontanel by a cap that can measure continuous cerebral blood flow velocity.

Healthy neonates present with a range of normal immediate cerebral hemodynamic responses to a 90° head-up tilt, categorized in five groups by cluster analysis.

This paper adds new knowledge about connection between immediate responses and prolonged responses to tilt.

We demonstrate that the NeoDoppler ultrasound system can detect minute changes in cerebral blood flow velocity during a 90° head-up tilt.
Endophilin A2 deficiency protects rodents from autoimmune arthritis by modulating T cell activation
Authors: Norin Ulrika , Rintisch Carola , Meng Liesu , Forster Florian , Ekman Diana , Tuncel Jonatan , Klocke Katrin , Bäcklund Johan , Yang Min , Bonner Michael Y. , Lahore Gonzalo Fernandez , James Jaime , Shchetynsky Klementy , Bergquist Maria , Gjertsson Inger , Hubner Norbert , Bäckdahl Liselotte , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe introduction of the CTLA-4 recombinant fusion protein has demonstrated therapeutic effects by selectively modulating T-cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show, using a forward genetic approach, that a mutation in the SH3gl1 gene encoding the endocytic protein Endophilin A2 is associated with the development of arthritis in rodents. Defective expression of SH3gl1 affects T cell effector functions and alters the activation threshold of autoreactive T cells, thereby leading to complete protection from chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease in both mice and rats. We further show that SH3GL1 regulates human T cell signaling and T cell receptor internalization, and its expression is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Collectively our data identify SH3GL1 as a key regulator of T cell activation, and as a potential target for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Plasmonic nanoparticle amyloid corona for screening Aβ oligomeric aggregate-degrading drugs
Authors: Lee Dongtak , Park Dongsung , Kim Insu , Lee Sang Won , Lee Wonseok , Hwang Kyo Seon , Lee Jeong Hoon , Lee Gyudo , Yoon Dae Sung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe generation of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers is a central feature of the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Drug discoveries for Aβ oligomer degradation have been hampered by the difficulty of Aβ oligomer purification and a lack of screening tools. Here, we report a plasmonic nanoparticle amyloid corona (PNAC) for quantifying the efficacy of Aβ oligomeric aggregate-degrading drugs. Our strategy is to monitor the drug-induced degradation of oligomeric aggregates by analyzing the colorimetric responses of PNACs. To test our strategy, we use Aβ-degrading proteases (protease XIV and MMP-9) and subsequently various small-molecule substances that have shown benefits in the treatment of AD. We demonstrate that this strategy with PNAC can identify effective drugs for eliminating oligomeric aggregates. Thus, this approach presents an appealing opportunity to reduce attrition problems in drug discovery for AD treatment.