bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of oral and cloacal microbial communities of wild and rehabilitated loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
Authors: Filek Klara , Trotta Adriana , Gračan Romana , Di Bello Antonio , Corrente Marialaura , Bosak Sunčica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial communities of wild animals are being increasingly investigated to provide information about the hosts’ biology and promote conservation. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are a keystone species in marine ecosystems and are considered vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, which led to growing efforts in sea turtle conservation by rescue centers around the world. Understanding the microbial communities of sea turtles in the wild and how affected they are by captivity, is one of the stepping stones in improving the conservation efforts. Describing oral and cloacal microbiota of wild animals could shed light on the previously unknown aspects of sea turtle holobiont biology, ecology, and contribute to best practices for husbandry conditions.ResultsWe describe the oral and cloacal microbiota of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the microbial communities of wildversusturtles in, or after, rehabilitation at the Adriatic Sea rescue centers and clinics. Our results show that the oral microbiota is more sensitive to environmental shifts than the cloacal microbiota, and that it does retain a portion of microbial taxa regardless of the shift from the wild and into rehabilitation. Additionally, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated oral and cloacal microbiota, while Kiritimatiellaeota were abundant in cloacal samples. Unclassified reads were abundant in the aforementioned groups, which indicates high incidence of yet undiscovered bacteria of the marine reptile microbial communities.ConclusionsWe provide the first insights into the oral microbial communities of wild and rehabilitated loggerhead sea turtles, and establish a framework for quick and non-invasive sampling of oral and cloacal microbial communities, useful for the expansion of the sample collection in wild loggerhead sea turtles. Finally, our investigation of effects of captivity on the gut-associated microbial community provides a baseline for studying the impact of husbandry conditions on turtles’ health and survival upon their return to the wild.
Inhaled corticosteroid response in smoker versus non-smoker asthmatic patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Youssif Sahar Farghly , El-Karn Atef Farouk , Sherif Mahmoud Farouk , Seddik Mohamed I. , Abdelgayed Safaa , Abdelghany Mohammed F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Asthmatic smokers are a distinct phenotype of asthma. There is a lack of specific information about the treatment of asthma in smokers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) on asthmatic smokers and non-smokers.

Results
The present observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Chest Department in Assiut University Hospital, during the period from August 2018 to January 2020. Hundred and seventeen asthmatic patients (42 smokers, 30 ex-smokers, and 45 non-smokers) were assessed using an asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), spirometry, sputum cytology, and serum periostin and eotaxin-2 to compare between a patient on inhaled corticosteroid for at least 3 months and patients who do not receive any form of corticosteroid. Asthmatic smokers had poor response to ICS and had insignificant improvement as regard all parameters. However, asthmatic ex-smokers had a partial response to ICS. They had higher post-bronchodilator FEV1 in comparison to those who did not receive ICS. Asthmatic non-smokers on ICS showed the best response as they were well controlled as regard ACQ. Moreover, they had higher post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC, post-bronchodilator FEV1, and post-bronchodilator FEF25-75, and lower sputum eosinophils and neutrophils.

Conclusion
Smoking adversely affects the course and response to ICS therapy in asthma.

Trial registration
Interrelation between bronchial asthma and smoking: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03207620. Registered 27 June 2017.
Modeling viscoacoustic wave propagation using a new spatial variable-order fractional Laplacian wave equation
Authors: Mu Xinru , Huang Jianping , Wen Lei , Zhuang Subin 
Published: September 2021

We have developed a new time-domain viscoacoustic wave equation for simulating wave propagation in anelastic media. The new wave equation is derived by inserting the complex-valued phase velocity described by the Kjartansson attenuation model into the frequency-wavenumber domain acoustic wave equation. Our wave equation includes one second-order temporal derivative and two spatial variable-order fractional Laplacian operators. The two fractional Laplacian operators describe the phase dispersion and amplitude attenuation effects, respectively. To facilitate the numerical solution for our wave equation, we use the arbitrary-order Taylor series expansion (TSE) to approximate the mixed-domain fractional Laplacians and achieve the decoupling of the wavenumber and the fractional order. Then, our viscoacoustic wave equation can be directly solved using the pseudospectral method. We adopt a hybrid pseudospectral/finite-difference method (HPSFDM) to stably simulate wave propagation in arbitrarily complex media. We validate the high accuracy of our approximate dispersion term and approximate the dissipation term in comparison with the accurate dispersion term and accurate dissipation term. The accuracy of the numerical solutions is evaluated by comparison with the analytical solutions in homogeneous media. Theory analysis and simulation results indicate that our viscoacoustic wave equation has higher precision than the traditional fractional viscoacoustic wave equation in describing constant- Q attenuation. For a model with Q < 10, the calculation cost for solving the new wave equation with TSE HPSFDM is lower than that for solving the traditional fractional-order wave equation with TSE HPSFDM under the high numerical simulation precision. Furthermore, we examine the accuracy of HPSFDM in heterogeneous media using several numerical examples.
Effects of material texture and packing density on the interfacial polarization of granular soils
Authors: Chen Hang , Niu Qifei 
Published: September 2021

Many electrical and electromagnetic (EM) methods operate at MHz frequencies, at which the interfacial polarization occurring at the solid-liquid interface in geologic materials may dominate the electrical signals. To correctly interpret electrical/EM measurements, it is therefore critical to understand how the interfacial polarization influences the effective electrical conductivity and permittivity spectra of geologic materials. We have used pore-scale simulation to study the role of material texture and packing in interfacial polarization in water-saturated granular soils. Synthetic samples with varying material textures and packing densities are prepared with the discrete element method. The effective electrical conductivity and permittivity spectra of these samples are determined by numerically solving the Laplace equation in a representative elementary volume of the samples. The numerical results indicate that the effective permittivity of granular soils increases as the frequency decreases due to the polarizability enhancement from the interfacial polarization. The induced permittivity increment is mainly influenced by the packing state of the samples, increasing with the packing density. Material textures such as the grain shape and size distribution may also affect the permittivity increment, but their effects are less significant. The frequency characterizing the interfacial polarization (i.e., the characteristic frequency) is mainly related to the electrical contrast of the solid and water phases. The model based on the traditional differential effective medium (DEM) theory significantly underestimates the permittivity increment by a factor of more than two and overestimates the characteristic frequency by approximately 1 MHz. These inaccurate predictions are due to the fact that the electrical interactions between neighboring grains are not considered in the DEM theory. A simple empirical equation is suggested to scale up the theoretical depolarization factor of grains entering the DEM theory to account for the interaction of neighboring grains in granular soils.
Provenance and sedimentary environment of the Ek2 shale in the Cangdong Sag, the central Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Li Hongxia , Jin Fengming , Xiao Dunqing , Pu Xiugang , Jiang Wenya 
Published: September 2021

The second member of the Kongdian Formation (usually abbreviated as the E k2 shale) is one of the most significant exploring targets for shale oil at the Cangdong Sag of the central Bohai Bay Basin. It consists of siliceous shale, mixed shale, and calcareous shale. To better understand why organic matter accumulated in the E k2 shale, we have analyzed major and trace elemental compositions to reconstruct the provenance and sedimentary environment. Tectonic discriminatory diagrams suggest that the tectonic setting of the parental rocks for the E k2 shale belonged to the Continental Island Arc. The distribution patterns of trace elements and rare earth elements + yttrium (REEs + Y) are close to the intermediate igneous rock. The ratios of Al2O3/TiO2 ranging from 21.41 to 27.59 with a mean value of 23.93 also demonstrate a parental rock of the intermediate igneous rock. Siliceous and mixed shales indicate K2O/Al2O3 of 0.17–0.29, chemical index of weathering of 28.79–97.79, plagioclase index of alteration of 38.24–95.57, and chemical index of alteration of 40.29–80.23. These weathering proxies denote that the E k2 shale underwent a low weathering degree in an arid climate and a high weathering degree in a semiarid climate. The V/(V + Ni) ratios and pyrite framboids indicate an anoxic sedimentary condition. The δ18O values of carbonate minerals in the E k2 shale range from −9.8‰ to 0.7‰, and they are positively correlated to the δ13C values. The Sr/Ba ratios, δ18O, and chemical mineral associations indicate that siliceous and mixed shales were deposited in a fresh to brackish anoxic water column under a semiarid climate. Whereas calcareous shale was deposited in a saline to hypersaline anoxic water column under an arid climate.
Can a bright soliton model reveal a genuine time crystal for a finite number of bosons?
Authors: Syrwid Andrzej , Kosior Arkadiusz , Sacha Krzysztof 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyze time crystal effects in a finite system of bosons which form a bright soliton clump on the Aharonov-Bohm ring. In the large particle number limit, N → ∞, this setup corresponds to the Wilczek model, where it is known that the time crystal behavior cannot be observed in the ground state of the system because a spontaneously formed soliton does not move. Here, we show that while the spontaneous formation of a moving soliton in the ground state can occur for

, the soliton decays before it makes a single revolution along the ring and the time crystal dynamics is impossible.
Signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators orchestrating liver development and cancer
Authors: Campbell Stephanie A. , Stephan Tabea L. , Lotto Jeremy , Cullum Rebecca , Drissler Sibyl , Hoodless Pamela A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLiver development is controlled by key signals and transcription factors that drive cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and functional maturation. In the adult liver, cell maturity can be perturbed by genetic and environmental factors that disrupt hepatic identity and function. Developmental signals and fetal genetic programmes are often dysregulated or reactivated, leading to dedifferentiation and disease. Here, we highlight signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators that drive liver cell development and primary liver cancers. We also discuss emerging models derived from pluripotent stem cells, 3D organoids and bioengineering for improved studies of signalling pathways in liver cancer and regenerative medicine.
Radiology guided antegrade GASTROSTOMY deployment of mushroom (pull type) catheters with classical and modified methods in patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal carcinoma, and anesthesia risk
Authors: Bakdık Süleyman , Keskin Muharrem , Öncü Fatih , Koç Osman 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of study is to evaluate the results of deployment of Percutaneous Radiological Gastrostomy (PRG), which is a good alternative to Surgical Gastrostomy (SG), with transoral approach in cases where Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is contraindicated, difficult or unsuccessful, in patients with high risk of American Society of Anesthesiologists with four scores. In addition, we aimed to demonstrate the advantages of mushroom pull type catheters over push type gastrostomy catheters. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 40 patients (18 females and 22 males) aged 21–92 years who underwent PRG with the antegrade transoral approach. PRG was performed by retrograde passing through the esophagus or snaring the guidewire from the stomach and taking out of the anterior abdominal wall. Patients’ demographic data, indications for PRG, procedural outcomes and complications were screened and recorded. Results: PRG was performed in 39 of 40 patients included in the study. Technical success rate was 97.5%. Procedure-dependent major complications such as death, aspiration, colon perforation, and deep abscess were not observed. Aspiration occurred in the first patient during the first feeding on the day after the procedure. Major complication rate was 2.5%. The total minor complication rate was 17.5% in 7 patients; parastomal leakage in 2 patients (5%), skin rash and infection in 3 (7.5%) patients, minor bleeding in 2 (5%) patients with oropharynx cancer, minimal bleeding from the gastrostomy catheter 1 week after the procedure in 1 (2.5%) patient. None of the cases had buried buffer. Tube functionality was preserved in all patients without any damage. Conclusion: Mushroom tip (pull type) gastrostomy catheter is a safe treatment method for patients requiring prolonged feeding because of wide diameter, endurance, long staying opening duration, less excessive dilatation and parastomal leakage, and no need for gastropexy. Lower cost and easier access are advantageous for mushroom tip pull type catheters compared to push type gastrostomy catheters in our country. The less invasive PRG is an alternative option in patients who are difficult to administer PEG, are at high anesthesia risk and cannot be sedated. Advances in knowledge: This article is valuable in terms of its contribution to develop an alternative radiological method for the deployment of gastrostomy tubes in medical difficult patients. This method has shortened the duration of the procedure and increased the success rate in patients with difficulty in transition from the stomach to the esophagus or with difficulty in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Mushroom tip catheters can be placed successfully by radiological methods.
Children’s Oxygen Administration Strategies And Nutrition Trial (COAST-Nutrition): a protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kiguli Sarah , Olopot-Olupot Peter , Alaroker Florence , Engoru Charles , Opoka Robert O. , Tagoola Abner , Hamaluba Mainga , Mnjalla Hellen , Mpoya Ayub , Mogaka Christabel , Nalwanga Damalie , Nabawanuka Eva , Nokes James , Nyaigoti Charles , Briend André , van Woensel Job B. M. , Grieve Richard , Sadique Zia , Williams Thomas N. , Thomas Karen , Harrison David A. , Rowan Kathryn , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: September 2021

Background: To prevent poor long-term outcomes (deaths and readmissions) the integrated global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhoea recommends under the ‘Treat’ element of Protect, Prevent and Treat interventions the importance of continued feeding but gives no specific recommendations for nutritional support. Early nutritional support has been practiced in a wide variety of critically ill patients to provide vital cell substrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals essential for normal cell function and decreasing hypermetabolism. We hypothesise that the excess post-discharge mortality associated with pneumonia may relate to the catabolic response and muscle wasting induced by severe infection and inadequacy of the diet to aid recovery. We suggest that providing additional energy-rich, protein, fat and micronutrient ready-to-use therapeutic feeds (RUTF) to help meet additional nutritional requirements may improve outcome. Methods: COAST-Nutrition is an open, multicentre, Phase II randomised controlled trial in children aged 6 months to 12 years hospitalised with suspected severe pneumonia (and hypoxaemia, SpO2 <92%) to establish whether supplementary feeds with RUTF given in addition to usual diet for 56-days (experimental) improves outcomes at 90-days compared to usual diet alone (control). Primary endpoint is change in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) at 90 days and/or as a composite with 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric status, mortality, readmission at days 28 and 180. The trial will be conducted in four sites in two countries (Uganda and Kenya) enrolling 840 children followed up to 180 days. Ancillary studies include cost-economic analysis, molecular characterisation of bacterial and viral pathogens, evaluation of putative biomarkers of pneumonia, assessment of muscle and fat mass and host genetic studies. Discussion: This study is the first step in providing an option for nutritional support following severe pneumonia and will help in the design of a large Phase III trial. Registration: ISRCTN10829073 (6th June 2018) PACTR202106635355751 (2nd June 2021)
АРКТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОВЕСТКА ВО ВНУТРИПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ГЕРМАНИИ
Authors: Popov Ivan D. , Podoplekin Andrey O. 
Published: September 2021

В статье с использованием главным образом парламентских документов рассмотрены основные этапы дискуссий по арктической проблематике в ФРГ в начале XXI века. Показано, что в условиях политической системы Германии содержание её национальной арктической стратегии в 2013 и 2019 гг. отразило основные положения межпартийного и парламентского компромисса. Доктрина ФРГ в Арктике сфокусирована главным образом на темах вполне традиционных для аналогичных документов других неарктических членов ЕС и НАТО: экологическая безопасность, приоритет международного права в вопросах полярного мореплавания, ведущая роль международных институтов, жизнедеятельность коренных народов и научные исследования. При этом отмечено, что имеются предпосылки к формированию особого статуса ФРГ как субъекта политики в Арктике, в том числе в части военной безопасности. Наряду с историческим опытом и долей в мировой экономике и торговле, к таковым относятся возможности ФРГ в сфере арктических исследований, особая заинтересованность в нефтегазовых поставках из Арктики, в том числе из российского сектора, а также потенциал в качестве поставщика технологий для освоения ресурсов региона. Прагматические интересы и политика ФРГ могут рассматриваться как потенциально стабилизирующий фактор международных отношений в циркумполярных районах. Результаты исследования применимы в качестве научно-методического обоснования конкретных мероприятий в сфере российско-германских отношений в арктическом макрорегионе.
ГЕНЕТИВНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Sharafutdinova Ruzilya T. 
Published: September 2021

Обоснование. Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью изучения генетивных конструкций в английском языке. Использование газетных статей позволяет нам выделить лексико-семантических варианты, выявить частотность их использования.
Цель. Данная статья посвящена функциональному анализу генетивных конструкций английского языка в средствах массовой информации. Цель исследования выявить частотность семантических групп моделей генетивных конструкций N1’s+N2 и N1+of+N2 английского языка. Основное значение генитива – это притяжательность.
Для достижения цели были использованы следующие методы: метод классификации, метод количественного анализа, метод семантического анализа. Мы рассмотрели генетивные конструкции для каждой модели в периодической печати – газетах «The Independent», «The Guardian», «The Telegraph» (за 2018/2019 годы).
Результаты. В ходе исследования был получен материал, анализ которого позволил заключить, что модель N1+of+N2 является самой частотной среди генетивных конструкций английского языка, модель N’s+N2 – менее частотной. Самыми частотными в использовании для моделей N’s+N2 и N1+of+N2 оказались семантические группы, выражающие принадлежность предмета неживому парасубъекту, принадлежность в широком смысле.
Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования послужили в вкладом в изучение генетивных конструкций английского языка в рамках средств массовой информации.
О СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ ЯВЛЕНИЯХ В ОХОТНИЧЬЕЙ ЛЕКСИКЕ ЭВЕНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Nesterova Elena V. 
Published: September 2021

Цель. Целью работы является изучение синонимических явлений в охотничьей лексике эвенского языка. Исследование малоизученных в эвеноведении синонимов способствует выявлению как путей и способов развития словарного состава языка, так и лексико-семантической эволюции эвенского слова и вводит в научный оборот новый лексический материал по теме «Охота».
Метод или методология проведения работы. Основным методом исследования выступает описательный.
Результаты. Развитая терминология охоты характеризуется разнообразием синонимов в конкретном языке. В данной статье представлены некоторые синонимические ряды, а также эвфемизмы, выявленные в эвенской охотничьей лексике в результате проведенного исследования. В теме медведя зафиксированы синонимы, обозначающие половозрастные названия животного, различные действия и явления, связанные с ним.
Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть применены в исследованиях по лексикологии эвенского и других тунгусо-маньчжурских языков.
MICROPLÁSTICOS, SEUS IMPACTOS NO AMBIENTE E MANEIRAS BIODEGRADÁVEIS DE SUBSTITUIÇÃO.
Authors: Bitencourt Belo Isabela Cristina , Penido de Andrade Bruna Neves , Araújo Miranda João Pedro , Drumond Priscila Costa 
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Microplásticos são partículas de plástico encontradas geralmente com tamanho inferior a 5mm e são oriundos da fragmentação de plásticos maiores. Esse tipo de material é um dos principais poluentes do ambiente aquático e terrestre, pois altera a composição bioquímica do biossistema, assim prejudicando o ecossistema da região e consequentemente a saúde humana quando ingerido e/ou aspirado. O microplástico, quando presente no ambiente, atua como captador de Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POP) altamente nocivos e tóxicos e estão ligados a disfunções hormonais, imunológicas e reprodutivas na fauna, flora, microbiota e na saúde humana. O microplástico é encontrado em muitos produtos ligados aos cosméticos e de higiene pessoal utilizados no cotidiano, como em: cremes dentais, sabonetes corporais e faciais, produtos esfoliantes e glitter; tais podem ser substituídos por produtos naturais, ou por microplástico biodegradável. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os processos de produção de microplástico biodegradável, cujos componentes sejam derivados de matéria-prima renovável, além de outros compostos ecologicamente corretos e conscientizar as pessoas sobre os efeitos do microplástico na saúde humana, na microbiota, na fauna e na flora mostrando maneiras de substituí-lo.Palavras-chave: Plástico, Natureza, Ecologicamente correto, Alternativas.