bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic versus laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Isobe Taro , Murakami Naotaka , Minami Taizan , Tanaka Yuya , Kaku Hideaki , Umetani Yuki , Kizaki Junya , Aoyagi Keishiro , Fujita Fumihiko , Akagi Yoshito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). However, whether RDG has a clinical advantage over laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) is yet to be determined. Thus, this study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of RDG for the treatment of GC as compared with LDG.

Methods
In total, 157 patients were enrolled between February 2018 and August 2020 in this retrospective study. We then compared the surgical outcomes between RDG and LDG using propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis to reduce the confounding differences.

Results
After PSM, a clinicopathologically well-balanced cohort of 100 patients (50 in each group) was analyzed. The operation time for the RDG group (350.1 ± 58.1 min) was determined to be significantly longer than that for the LDG group (257.5 ± 63.7 min; P < 0.0001). Of interest, there was a decreased incidence of pancreatic fistulas and severe complications after RDG as compared with LDG (P = 0.092 and P = 0.061, respectively). In addition, postoperative hospital stay was statistically slightly shorter in the RDG group as compared with the LDG group (12.0 ± 5.6 vs. 13.0 ± 12.3 days; P = 0.038).

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that RDG is a feasible and safe procedure for GC in terms of short-term surgical outcomes. A surgical robot might reduce postoperative severe complications and length of hospital stay.
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus accompanied with central nephrogenic diabetes secondary to pituitary surgery -a case report
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Yimin , Ren Yuezhong , Xin Yvbo , Wang Lijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes insipidus (DI) can be a common cause of polydipsia and polyuria. Here, we present a case of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) accompanied with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) secondary to pituitary surgery.

Case presentation
A 24-year-old Chinese woman came to our hospital with the complaints of polydipsia and polyuria for 6 months. Six months ago, she was detected with pituitary apoplexy, and thereby getting pituitary surgery. However, the water deprivation test demonstrated no significant changes in urine volume and urine gravity in response to fluid depression or AVP administration. In addition, the genetic results confirmed a heterozygous mutation in arginine vasopressin receptor type 2 (AVPR2) genes.

Conclusions
She was considered with CNDI as well as acquired CDI secondary to pituitary surgery. She was given with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg twice a day as well as desmopressin (DDAVP, Minirin) 0.1 mg three times a day. There is no recurrence of polyuria or polydipsia observed for more than 6 months. It can be hard to consider AVPR2 mutation in female carriers, especially in those with subtle clinical presentation. Hence, direct detection of DNA sequencing with AVPR2 is a convenient and accurate method in CNDI diagnosis.
Contribution of the classical polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of a HIV-1 infected patient in Benin: a case report
Authors: Tchiakpe Edmond , Keke René K. , Vidal Nicole , Bachabi Moussa , Gangbo Flore Armande , Diop‑Ndiaye Halimatou , Toure‑Kane Coumba , Yessoufou Akadiri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
First ambitious target by 2020 of UNAIDS is that 90% of people living with HIV know their HIV status. In people older than 18 months of age, serological confirmation test is recommended to confirm HIV infection.

Case presentation
Here we report the case of a patient tested positive with HIV-1, ELISA, Murex® Ag⁄Ab Combination assay (OD450 = 0.802 and cutoff-OD = 0.279) and negative by using FIRST RESPONSE HIV1-2.O CARD TEST (version 2.0) RAPID HIV CARD TEST. Viral load performed with Cobas® TaqMan® 96/Cobas® Ampliprep® was 6.49log10. The virus could be sequenced in partial gag and pol genes and belonged to CRF02_AG clade.

Conclusion
Conventional PCR is a complementary method for the diagnosis of inconclusive HIV-1 serologies by antibodies.
Fungal ethnoecology: observed habitat preferences and the perception of changes in fungal abundance by mushroom collectors in Poland
Authors: Kotowski Marcin Andrzej , Molnár Zsolt , Łuczaj Łukasz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Scientists frequently raise the topic of data deficiency related to the abundance and distribution of macrofungi in the context of climate change. Our study is the first detailed documentation on locals’ perception of fungal ecology which covers a large mycophilous region of Europe (Mazovia, Poland).

Methods
A total of 695 semi-structured interviews were carried out among local informants in 38 localities proportionally distributed throughout the study area (one locality approximately every 30 km). Interview questions concerned fungi species collected, their perceived habitats, and whether any changes had been noted in their abundance. As many as 556 respondents provided information concerning fungal ecology. In these descriptions, 35 taxa were mentioned by at least 5 respondents.

Results
The data collected during interviews allowed us to create collective folk descriptions of habitat preferences and a list of 98 different macro-, meso-, and microhabitats of macrofungi described by the respondents. This list of recurring habitats assigned to particular macrofungal taxa coincides with, and sometimes exceeds, data available in scientific publications. Some habitat preferences observed by the informants have not yet been researched or tested by science.
Out of 695 respondents, 366 (53%) noticed a steady decrease in local macrofungi abundance, and only one person claimed to have observed a steady increase. Imleria badia was the only species with increased abundance, as noted by fifteen independent respondents. The main listed reason for abundance decrease was drought (f = 186).

Conclusions
Collected information on the ecology of fungi shows that local knowledge does not generally diverge from scientific knowledge. The acquired information related to macrofungal abundance and ecology may also be used as a tool for the formulation of new scientific questions and theories. The analysis of local fungi observations might contribute to broadening knowledge about local changes in fungi and enable new estimations related to large-scale analysis of macrofungal abundance.
Bleeding risk stratification in coronary artery surgery: the should-not-bleed score
Authors: Petricevic Mirna , Petricevic Mate , Pasalic Marijan , Golubic Cepulic Branka , Raos Mirela , Vasicek Vesna , Goerlinger Klaus , Rotim Kresimir , Gasparovic Hrvoje , Biocina Bojan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
An estimated 20% of allogeneic blood transfusions in the United States are associated with cardiac surgery. It is estimated that 11% of red cell resources were used for transfusion support of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with a documented wide variability in transfusion rate (7.8 to 92.8%). To address the issue of unnecessary transfusions within the CABG population, we developed a model to predict which patients are at low risk of bleeding for whom transfusion treatment might be considered unnecessary. Herein we present our “SHOULD-NOT-BLEED-SCORE” application developed for the Windows® software platform which is based on our previous research.

Methods
This study is aimed to develop a user-friendly application that stratifies patients with respect to bleeding risk. The statistical model we used in our previous research was focused on detection of CABG patients at low risk of bleeding. The rationale behind such an approach was to identify a CABG patient subgroup at low risk of bleeding. By identifying patients at low risk of bleeding we can define a subgroup of patients for whom transfusion treatment might be considered unnecessary. We developed a Windows platform application based on risk modelling which we previously calculated for 1426 patients undergoing elective CABG from January 2010 to January 2018.

Results
The SHOULD-NOT-BLEED-SCORE risk score is developed for the Windows software platform. A mathematical model that is based on multivariate analysis was used for app development. The variables that entered the scoring system were: Age; Body Mass Index; Chronic Renal Failure; Preoperative Clopidogrel Exposure; Preoperative Red Blood Cells Count; Preoperative Fibrinogen Level; Preoperative Multiplate ASPI test area under the curve (AUC) units. The SHOULD-NOT-BLEED-SCORE identifies/predicts patients without a risk for excessive bleeding with strong discriminatory performance (Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis AUC 72.3%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The SHOULD-NOT-BLEED risk scoring application may be useful in the preoperative risk screening process. The clinical and economic burden associated with unnecessary transfusions may be adequately addressed by a preoperative scoring system detecting patients at low risk of bleeding for whom transfusion treatment might be considered unnecessary.
Serum amyloid A levels and alpha 2 and gamma globulins on serum protein electrophoresis in cats exposed to and infected with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Savioli Giulia , Archer Joy , Brianti Emanuele , Benelli Giovanni , Schnyder Manuela , Iatta Roberta , Otranto Domenico , Cantacessi Cinzia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum; nevertheless, recent investigations indicate a likely role for cats in the epidemiology of Leishmania infection. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) remains poorly characterised, partly due to the lack of suitable diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) profiles (specifically, alpha 2 and gamma globulins) in cats naturally exposed to or infected by L. infantum from southern Italy versus those of healthy controls and versus cats with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from non-endemic areas.

Methods
Serum or plasma samples from four cohorts of cats were analysed for SAA levels and by SPE: (i) G1: healthy controls from Leishmania-non-endemic regions of Switzerland; (ii) G2: cats pre-diagnosed with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions available from the University of Cambridge sample archive; (iii) G3: L. infantum-seropositive, quantitative (q)PCR-negative cats from southern Italy; (iv) G4: L. infantum-seropositive and qPCR-positive cats from southern Italy. SAA data were assessed for normality and homoscedasticity using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively; the Kruskall–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction were subsequently used to compare SAA serum levels between groups. A weighted generalised linear model with a binomial distribution was used to assess statistically significant differences in the numbers of animals displaying elevated gamma globulins and increased alpha 2 globulins between groups.

Results
Overall, 68 samples were analysed (G1: n = 16, G2: n = 20, G3: n = 20, G4: n = 12). Cats suffering from neoplastic and inflammatory conditions (G2 ) showed significantly higher SAA levels than healthy controls (G1) (median values [interquartile range]: G1: 0.00 [0.00–0.00] mg/l versus G2: 0.85 [0.00–49.55] mg/l). G2, G3 and G4 cats showed higher percentages of individuals with increased alpha 2 globulins (percentages ± standard error: G1 = 20.0% ± 10.3, G2 = 80.0% ± 8.9, G3 = 70.0% ± 10.2, G4 = 75.0% ± 12.5) and gamma globulins (G1 = 0.0% ± 0, G2 = 65.0% ± 10.7, G3 = 50.0% ± 11.2, G4 = 58.3% ± 14.2) than healthy control cats (G1). For all three markers, no significant difference between cats within G2, G3 and G4 was recorded.

Conclusions
This study indicates that the proportions of animals with elevated levels of alpha 2 and gamma globulins are significantly higher in cats exposed to and infected with L. infantum. Levels of SAA and alpha 2 and gamma globulins may not be used to differentiate between L. infantum infection or exposure, and neoplastic and/or inflammatory conditions.

Graphical Abstract
“Walking into the unknown…” key challenges of pregnancy and early parenting with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Rebić Nevena , Garg Ria , Ellis Ursula , Kitchin Vanessa , Munro Sarah , Hazlewood Glen , Amiri Neda , Bansback Nick , De Vera Mary A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To conduct a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on the pregnancy and early parenting experiences of patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods
We searched online databases for English-language, qualitative studies capturing the experiences of females with IA or their healthcare providers with pregnancy and/or early parenthood. We extracted findings from included studies and used thematic synthesis to develop descriptive and higher-order analytical themes.

Results
Of 20 included studies, our analysis identified 5 analytical themes among patients and 3 among providers. Patients’ reproductive desires, the impact of IA on their ability to experience pregnancy, and the availability of information to guide preparedness informed their pregnancy decisions. Patients’ IA management, pregnancy expectations, and access to support influenced their reproductive experiences. Patients’ experiences seeking information and care revealed substantial gaps in reproductive care provision to patients with IA. Reproductive uncertainty related to IA placed a heavy burden on patients’ emotional and psychological wellbeing. Reproductive care provision was influenced by providers’ perceived professional responsibility to address patients’ reproductive goals, fears of negative outcomes, and capacity to harness patient trust, incorporate reproductive care into rheumatology practice and facilitate multi-disciplinary care coordination.

Conclusions
Our review illuminated several barriers to experiencing pregnancy among patients with IA, particularly related to pregnancy planning support, availability of information, and care coordination among the patient’s healthcare team. To improve care, these barriers may be mitigated through the provision of relevant, practical, and consistent information as well as patient-centred multi-disciplinary approaches for managing pregnancy among patients with IA.
Trained immunity induced by in vivo peptide-based STAT6 inhibition prevents ragweed allergy in mice
Authors: Michael Husheem , Li Yuanyi , Wang Yufa , McCusker Christine T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Trained immunity is the ability of the innate immune system to form immune memory responses to provide support the formation of appropriate adaptive responses. Allergic airways disease (AAD) is a maladapted immune response to allergens, initiated and maintained by the type 2 (T2) inflammatory pathway. It is predicated by the elaboration of cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and follows activation of the STAT6 transcription factor.

Objective
To investigate the role of trained immunity in mucosal immune responses following neonatal vaccination with the STAT6 inhibitory peptide (STAT6-IP), in preventing the development of ragweed-induced AAD.

Methods
We demonstrate that transfer of CD4+ T cells or dendritic cells (DC) from STAT6-IP vaccinated wild-type BALB/c mice to naïve mice, that were subsequently chronically exposed to sensitizing doses of ragweed allergen, is sufficient to prevent development of T2 responses in recipients.

Results
Our results demonstrate significant reductions in; airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR); ragweed-specific IgE; pulmonary inflammation; T2 cytokines; and inflammatory gene expressions in recipient mice. Expression of IDO, TGFβ and T regulatory cells were all significantly increased. Anti-TGFβ treatment during the ragweed sensitization phase re-constituted the pro-inflammatory T2 immune response. We show that tolerance can be attained via DC trained in the STAT6-IP-mediated tolerant milieu. This effect is not restricted to a particular allergen and does not require antigen-mediated T cell activation prior to transfer.

Conclusion
Adoptive transfer experiments suggest that STAT6-IP treatment trains dendritic and cells to mediate tolerant immunity to chronic ragweed exposure in the airways. This indicates that early transient STAT6-inhibition constitutes an effective immunomodulatory airways allergy preventative strategy.
Difference monotonicity analysis on discrete fractional operators with discrete generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Hamasalh Faraidun Kadir , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the monotonicity analysis for the nabla fractional differences with discrete generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels$( {}^{ABR}_{a-1}{\nabla }^{\delta ,\gamma }y )(\eta )$(a−1ABR∇δ,γy)(η)of order$0<\delta <0.5$0<δ<0.5,$\beta =1$β=1,$0<\gamma \leq 1$0<γ≤1starting at$a-1$a−1. If$({}^{ABR}_{a-1}{\nabla }^{\delta ,\gamma }y ) ( \eta )\geq 0$(a−1ABR∇δ,γy)(η)≥0, then we deduce that$y(\eta )$y(η)is$\delta ^{2}\gamma $δ2γ-increasing. That is,$y(\eta +1)\geq \delta ^{2} \gamma y(\eta )$y(η+1)≥δ2γy(η)for each$\eta \in \mathcal{N}_{a}:=\{a,a+1,\ldots\}$η∈Na:={a,a+1,…}. Conversely, if$y(\eta )$y(η)is increasing with$y(a)\geq 0$y(a)≥0, then we deduce that$({}^{ABR}_{a-1}{\nabla }^{\delta ,\gamma }y )(\eta ) \geq 0$(a−1ABR∇δ,γy)(η)≥0. Furthermore, the monotonicity properties of the Caputo and right fractional differences are concluded to. Finally, we find a fractional difference version of the mean value theorem as an application of our results. One can see that our results cover some existing results in the literature.
Oxidative status in plasma, urine and saliva of girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kovalčíková Alexandra Gaál , Tichá Ľubica , Šebeková Katarína , Celec Peter , Čagalová Alžbeta , Sogutlu Fatma , Podracká Ľudmila 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychosomatic disorder with unclear pathomechanisms. Metabolic dysregulation is associated with disruption of redox homeostasis that might play a pivotal role in the development of AN. The aim of our study was to assess oxidative status and carbonyl stress in plasma, urine and saliva of patients with AN and healthy controls.

Methods
Plasma, spot urine, and saliva were collected from 111 girls with AN (aged from 10 to 18 years) and from 29 age-matched controls. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status were measured using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.

Results
Plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were significantly higher in patients with AN than in healthy controls (by 96, and 82%, respectively). Accordingly, urinary concentrations of AOPP and fructosamines and salivary concentrations of AGEs were higher in girls with AN compared with controls (by 250, and 41% in urine; by 92% in saliva, respectively). Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in saliva were 3-times higher in the patients with AN than in the controls. Overall antioxidants were lower in plasma of girls with AN compared to the controls, as shown by total antioxidant capacity and ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (by 43, and 31%, respectively).

Conclusions
This is the first study assessing wide range of markers of oxidative status in plasma, urine and saliva of the patients with AN. We showed that both, higher levels of markers of oxidative stress and lower antioxidants play a role in redox disruption. Restoration of redox homeostasis might be of the clinical relevance
Chemical components of essential oils and biological activities of the aqueous extract of Anethum graveolens L. grown under inorganic and organic conditions
Authors: Ozliman Sedef , Yaldiz Gulsum , Camlica Mahmut , Ozsoy Nurten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn sustainable agriculture, the use of farmyard manure (FYM) is of great interest to environmental security and is effective as a good nitrogen source for sustainable crop production. Therefore, determining the effective doses of FYM that will be an alternative to chemical fertilizers, is also important to improve soil fertility and produce healthy products. This study aimed to determine the effects of FYM and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers on the biological value and essential oil content of dill (Anethum graveolensL.).MethodsDifferent doses FYM (7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 t ha−1) and AN (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1) were applied by sowing and compared to a control group (no manure). We evaluated the chemical constituents as well as the biological activities of dill herbs and seeds growing at various doses of FYM and AN fertilizers.ResultsThe most abundant components of essential oils were found to be dill apiole (11.96 ± 0.83 and 18.65 ± 1.89%) and carvotanacetone (15.90 ± 2.34 and 21.76 ± 1.62%) in the leaves and seeds, respectively. Limonene (9.01 ± 1.11%), 4-isopropyltoluen (8.24 ± 0.89%), dill ether (9.13 ± 1.12%) and mycrene (7.44 ± 0.68%) were major essential oils components in herbs. The highest concentration of the essential oil components was determined as 12.5–15 t ha−1in FYM and 90 AN applications. From the effective concentration (EC50) of the samples, it was seen that 60 kg ha−1AN infusion, 120 kg ha−1AN decoction as well as 7.5 t ha−1FYM and 10 t ha−1FYM essential oils had the highest DPPH, ABTS+and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity as shown by the lowest value of EC50compared to the control. Although the antioxidant activities of the samples were significantly lower than those of the reference antioxidant gallic acid, it was evident that they did show the antioxidative potential for hydrogen and a single electron donor activities, thus could serve as free radical scavengers, and act as reductant. In particular, the highest total phenolic content (18.36 ± 0.35 mg g−1) was found in the infusion extract after applying the 60 kg ha−1AN fertilizer. Essential oils extracted from the seeds also exhibited strong antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest antibacterial activity against all tested microbial species was observed with the 10 t ha−1FYM application.ConclusionThe findings of the study suggest that the application of FYM has promising effects on dill leaf, seed, and herb and can be considered as a suitable substitute for chemical fertilizers when growing dill, a plant with increasing importance and demand.