bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the acceptance and efficacy of a bespoke sun protection package for persons with oculocutaneous albinism living in Malawi
Authors: Gilaberte Yolanda , Mzumara Tenganawo E. , Manjolo Sunganani P. , Kaseko Ndamiwe , Bagazgoitia Lorea , Fuller L. Claire , Soto Mafalda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionSkin cancer is the main cause of death in persons with albinism (PWA) in Africa. Education would minimize sun damage.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of a photoprotection educative and sunscreen (Umozi Max) package designed for PWA in reducing sunburns and skin cancer.Patients and MethodsA multicenter, noncontrolled, before‐and‐after, interventional study was conducted in PWA > 12 years of age, from February to May, 2019, in Malawi. During the baseline and the follow‐up visits (at 8 and 15 weeks), subjects received an educational program designed to PWA and use of Umozi Max. At every visit, photoprotection behavior and knowledge were checked and cutaneous lesions were recorded. Univariate and bivariate analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 210 PWA were analyzed, 50% males, with a mean age of 24.5 (SD 11.29) years. The percentage of people using sun protective clothing increased from 80% to 100% and sunscreen from 81.9% to 99.5%. People avoiding the midday sun increased by 38.9% (P < 0.05). Participants that erroneously applied the sunscreen at night diminished from 40% to 4% (P < 0.001). Absent erythema on the face increased from 40% to 90% (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with actinic keratoses (AK) on all locations significantly decreased during the study. All the participants preferred Umozi Max to previously used sunscreens. The satisfaction with the program was unanimous.ConclusionThe educational program enhanced the use of all photoprotection measures, improved behaviors, and decreased the incidence of solar erythema and contributed to decreasing the incidence of new AKs.
Healing from sexual violence among young women in South Korea
Authors: Cha Chiyoung , Lee Mi‐ran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReports of sexual violence against young women have been increasing. Due to limited support, young women who experience sexual violence have difficulties in healing, resulting in long‐term consequences for individuals and society. We used grounded theory combined with a Photovoice approach to explore young women’s experience of healing from sexual violence. From interviews and Photovoice activities of 29 participants, we identified a social process of healing that included internalizing anger, cutting off connections, reaching a turning point with support, restoring connections, struggling through individual internal processes, and transforming sexual violence into a stepping stone. The process of healing from sexual violence identified in this study shows commonalities as well as cultural and age‐specific aspects from experiences of sexual violence among young women. In addition, this theory presented a new perspective on healing that contrasts with the past belief that disclosure is the key to healing.
The effect of solution‐focused approaches on adolescents’ peer bullying skills: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Öztürk Çopur Ebru , Kubilay Gülümser 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of solution‐focused approaches on adolescents' coping skills with peer bullying.Design and methodsA quasiexperimental design was used. The sample consisted of 68 adolescents. Using solution‐ focused approaches group were held with the intervention cohort. These were six sessions focused on improving participants’ ability to cope with bullying. The data on the impact of the solution‐focused approaches were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Adolescent Peer Relationship Instrument (APRI).ResultsAfter the solution‐focused approaches, the scores on components of the APRI (bullying and victimization) were significantly lower in the intervention group (p < .05).Practice iImplicationsA solution‐focused group approach can be used by nurses to address the issue of peer bullying in schools.
The effect of options to reward and punish on behavior in bargaining
Authors: Pevnitskaya Svetlana , Ryvkin Dmitry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe use a lab experiment to investigate how providing the responder with options to reward and/or punish the proposer postacceptance affects behavior in ultimatum bargaining. We find that the presence of costly reward and punishment options affects behavior of both bargaining parties, even if those instruments are rarely used. Proposers are most generous when responders can both reward and punish, and offer least (even compared to the baseline) when responders can only reward. The likelihood of acceptance by responders, conditional on offer size, increases. The least generous offers have the highest chance of being accepted in the presence of punishment alone, even when punishment is not applied. It appears that the availability of additional instruments changes subjects' perception of the distribution of bargaining power and shifts fairness norms. The results have implications for optimal contract design in posted offer settings, such as decentralized online marketplaces for various tasks.
Quasilinear‐mean regression
Authors: Gorajek Adam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEconomists usually inform policymakers with conclusions that come from studying statistical expectations, or arithmetic means, of potential outcomes. I introduce other types of means to study, from the broader “quasilinear” family, and show that often they will better respect the needs of policymakers. The same logic reveals that a common bias correction from Goldberger and Kennedy is counterproductive because it implies a contradiction in policymaker needs. In making these arguments, I collate and build on many earlier contributions, which before now have been disjointed and spread across outlets for different research fields.
How can platforms decrease their dependence on traditional indirect network effects? Innovating using platform envelopment
Authors: Allen B. J. , Chandrasekaran Deepa , Gretz Richard T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlatform‐based industries are characterized by indirect network effects, wherein the utility of the platform (e.g., computer), and thus its sales, increases as more complements (e.g., software) become available. In platform markets, new product entrants and firms with smaller indirect networks are at a major disadvantage. Managers have been given little guidance on how to decrease their dependence on indirect network effects and still grow their markets. We examine the impact of platform envelopment—an innovation strategy in which one platform absorbs the main functionality of another (e.g., video game consoles absorbing the functionality to play DVDs)—on indirect network effects and the platform's dependence on complementary software. Despite its promise, existing envelopment research focuses mainly on how envelopment impacts competition in the enveloped market (i.e., the new industry it is enveloping), thus overlooking how envelopment allows the platform to better compete in its original, focal (nonenveloped) market. In helping to fill this research gap, our contribution lies in answering two critical questions. First, how can platforms decrease their dependence on indirect network effects stemming from complementary products? Second, how can platform envelopment help platforms better compete in the focal (nonenveloped) industry? We demonstrate that platform envelopment makes the platform less‐sensitive to software supply, a phenomenon we call decreasing indirect network sensitivity. We investigate this relationship with two empirical studies focusing on gaming platforms. We find that the presence of platform envelopment not only increases demand for the platform but also decreases the importance of software supply to platform demand. We also show that the indirect network strength of platform sales on software supply is not affected by platform envelopment. Finally, we provide theoretical and managerial implications of our research.
Critical Period Claim Revisited: Reanalysis of Hartshorne, Tenenbaum, and Pinker (2018) Suggests Steady Decline and Learner‐Type Differences
Authors: van der Slik Frans , Schepens Job , Bongaerts Theo , van Hout Roeland 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA reanalysis of data drawn by Hartshorne, Tenenbaum, and Pinker (2018) from two‐thirds of a million English speakers showed that their overall conclusion of one sharply defined critical age at 17.4 for all language learners is based on artificial results. We show that instead of a discontinuous exponential learning with sigmoidal decay (ELSD) model, a continuous ELSD model had a better fit when applied separately to monolinguals, bilinguals, and early immersion learners. Only for nonimmersion learners and later immersion learners did a discontinuous ELSD model have a better fit, with a critical age of 18.6 and 19.0 years of age, respectively. These age effects can be interpreted as schooling effects. We suggest that personal and societal factors, including differences in living circumstances and socialization, may bring about age‐specific discontinuity patterns in language learning and in language learning rate. The implication is that they are not the outcome of cognition‐driven developmental factors leading to one or more critical periods.
Qualitative ego networks in health professions education: Capturing the self in relation to others
Authors: Nimmon Laura , Atherley Anique 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOur very sense of self emerges through interactions with others. As part of this State of the Science series on Self, Society, and Situation, we introduce a qualitative ego network research approach. This research approach offers insights into the self's (the ego's) interpretation of and relation to named others in the social network in question.PurposeVisual mapping of participants' social networks is gaining traction, yet this research approach has received no focused attention in the health professions education (HPE) literature. A qualitative ego network approach is a compelling research approach because it uniquely maps participants' perceptions of the complex social world they are embedded in. Although many methodologies can explore participants' social world, ego networks can enhance expression of tacit knowledge of one's social environment and encourage reflection. This approach, combined with other qualitative data, can also reveal hidden relational data that the researcher may not observe or consider. To demonstrate its value as a visual methodology, we will showcase two examples of qualitative ego network studies. We then balance the paper with some critical reflections of this research approach.ConclusionsA qualitative ego network approach holds potential for deepening understanding of the self in relation to society and situation in future HPE research. We look forward to intentional, impactful and invigorated research using a qualitative ego network approach as we tackle unknowns about how self and society in specific HPE situations interact.
Observations of parturition in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and occurrence of escorting and competitive behavior around birthing females
Authors: Ransome Nicola , Bejder Lars , Jenner Micheline , Penfold Gavin , Brosig Violeta J. , Kitson Craig , Skjothaug Rebecca , Neilson Emma , Loneragan Neil R. , Smith Joshua N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDocumented cases of cetacean births in the wild are rare. While there are currently no direct observations of a complete humpback whale birth, they are one of the few large whale species where observers have been present during a birthing event. We compiled eye‐witnessed accounts of all known humpback whale birthing events and found nine well‐documented cases globally (three published and six “new” unpublished). In two‐thirds of the accounts another “escort” whale was present and in close association with the birthing female, and of these, most cases involved multiple escorts (n = 4). We describe details of birthing events, including mother, neonate and escort(s)’ behavior, neonate appearance, and discuss reasons for escort presence during parturition. We note that immediately postpartum: (1) blood and/or placenta were not always apparent during above water observations, (2) females often (but not always) supported calves at the surface, (3) constant travel and tail slapping were typical neonate behaviors, (4) two cases of temporary calf abandonment (<10 min), and (5) evidence of shark scavenging (of placenta) and possible predation attempts (of neonate). Lastly, we suggest curled tail flukes as an additional trait for identifying neonates and note that fetal folds are not always evident in newborn humpback whales.
MiR‐142‐3p regulates synaptopathy‐driven disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: De Vito Francesca , Musella Alessandra , Fresegna Diego , Rizzo Francesca Romana , Gentile Antonietta , Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Gilio Luana , Buttari Fabio , Procaccini Claudio , Colamatteo Alessandra , Bullitta Silvia , Guadalupi Livia , Caioli Silvia , Vanni Valentina , Balletta Sara , Sanna Krizia , Bruno Antonio , Dolcetti Ettore , Furlan Roberto , Finardi Annamaria , Licursi Valerio , Drulovic Jelena , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Fusco Clorinda , Bruzzaniti Sara , Hornstein Eran , Uccelli Antonio , Salvetti Marco , Matarese Giuseppe , Centonze Diego , Mandolesi Georgia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimWe recently proposed miR‐142‐3p as a molecular player in inflammatory synaptopathy, a new pathogenic hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and of its mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), that leads to neuronal loss independently of demyelination. MiR‐142‐3p seems to be unique among potential biomarker candidates in MS, since it is an inflammatory miRNA playing a dual role in the immune and central nervous systems. Here, we aimed to verify the impact of miR‐142‐3p circulating in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients on clinical parameters, neuronal excitability and its potential interaction with disease modifying therapies (DMTs).Methods and ResultsIn a cohort of 151 MS patients, we found positive correlations between CSF miR‐142‐3p levels and clinical progression, IL‐1β signalling as well as synaptic excitability measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Furthermore, therapy response of patients with ‘low miR‐142‐3p’ to dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an established disease‐modifying treatment (DMT), was superior to that of patients with ‘high miR‐142‐3p’ levels. Accordingly, the EAE clinical course of heterozygous miR‐142 mice was ameliorated by peripheral DMF treatment with a greater impact relative to their wild type littermates. In addition, a central protective effect of this drug was observed following intracerebroventricular and ex vivo acute treatments of EAE wild type mice, showing a rescue of miR‐142‐3p‐dependent glutamatergic alterations. By means of electrophysiology, molecular and biochemical analysis, we suggest miR‐142‐3p as a molecular target of DMF.ConclusionMiR‐142‐3p is a novel and potential negative prognostic CSF marker of MS and a promising tool for identifying personalised therapies.
Changes in health and health care utilization following eviction from public housing
Authors: Biederman Donna J. , Callejo‐Black Peter , Douglas Christian , O'Donohue Heather A. , Daeges Monica , Sofela Olamiji , Brown Ashanti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to (1) determine the number of persons evicted from the Durham Housing Authority (DHA) over a 5‐year period, (2) explore changes in the number of persons with various medical diagnoses and health care utilization patterns before and after eviction, and (3) examine how many persons evicted from DHA became literally homeless.DesignThis was a pre/post cross‐sectional quantitative study.SampleHeads of households evicted from DHA properties from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017 were included in the study.MeasurementsWe matched people evicted by the DHA in a university health system electronic health record system to determine changes in diagnoses and health care utilization before and after eviction. We also matched the cohort in the homeless management information system to determine how many persons evicted became literally homeless.ResultsFindings indicate statistically significant increases in persons with medical diagnoses in five of ten categories, total hospital admissions, and emergency department visits after eviction. Of the 152 people included in the study, 34 (22%) became literally homeless.ConclusionsHealth and health care utilization patterns were different before and after eviction. Implications for clinicians are explored.
Ethylene and hydrogen sulphide are essential for mitigating hexavalent chromium stress in two pulse crops
Authors: Husain T. , Suhel M. , Prasad S. M. , Singh V. P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Chromium toxicity to crops is a major scientific problem of the present time. Thus, scientific attempts have been made for reducing chromium toxicity to crop plants.

In this study, we examined the potential of ethylene (ET, 25 µM) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S, 10 µM) to alleviate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI), 50 µM] stress in two pulse crops, black bean and mung bean, by assessing physiological and biochemical attributes.

Cr(VI) reduced shoot and root length in black bean and mung bean in comparison to the control. Plants had increased accumulation of oxidative stress markers, i.e. superoxide radicals (SOR), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA). The addition of AVG (an inhibitor of ET biosynthesis) and PAG (an inhibitor of H2S biosynthesis) to Cr(VI)‐treated plants further increased Cr(VI) toxicity, suggesting their endogenous levels are important for tolerating Cr(VI) toxicity. However, supplementation with either ET or H2S alleviated Cr(VI) toxicity. Interestingly, ET did not rescue negative effects of PAG under Cr(VI) stress but NaHS rescued negative effect of AVG.

Overall, results indicate that, although both ET and H2S alleviate Cr(VI) stress, endogenous H2S is better. Furthermore, H2S appears to be a downstream signal for ET in alleviating Cr(VI) stress in these two pulse crops
Cypripedium lichiangense (Orchidaceae) mimics a humus‐rich oviposition site to attract its female pollinator, Ferdinandea cuprea (Syrphidae)
Authors: Zheng C. C. , Luo Y. B. , Jiao R. F. , Gao X. F. , Xu B. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Most species in the genus Cypripedium (Cypripedioideae) produce trap flowers, making it a model lineage to study deceptive pollination. Floral attractants in most species studied appear to target bee species of different sizes. However, more recent publications report fly pollination in some subalpine species, suggesting novel suites of adaptive floral traits.

Cypripedium lichiangense (section Trigonopedia) is an endangered subalpine species endemic to the Hengduan Mountains, China. We observed and analysed its floral traits, pollinators and breeding systems over 2 years in situ and in the lab.

Cypripedium lichiangense was visited by females of Ferdinandea cuprea (Syrphidae). The pollinia were carried dorsally on the fly thoraces. The eggs of this fly were frequently found in the saccate labellum and on other floral organs, suggesting brood‐site mimesis. The orchid is self‐compatible, but cross‐pollination produces more viable embryos.

We propose a new mode of floral mimesis, humus‐rich oviposition site mimicry, for C. lichiangense. Compared with the mimesis of aphid colonies attracting syrphid pollinators (subfamily Syrphinae), whose larvae are entomophagic, as reported in some Paphiopedilum species (Cypripedioideae), pollination by deceit in C. lichiangense represents a distinct and separate mode of exploitation of another saprophagic (or phytophagic) larvae syrphid lineage in the subfamily Eristalinae and appears to indicate diversity of pollination strategies in Section Trigonopedia of Cypripedium. However, this new brood‐site mimesis seems to be less attractive to pollinators. As a possible adaptation to the weak attracted pollination strategy, this plant species has a long flowering period and extended lifespan of individual flowers to ensure reproductive success.
Dbar‐approach to coupled nonlocal NLS equation and general nonlocal reduction
Authors: Wang Xueru , Zhu Junyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe coupled nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is studied by virtue of the Dbar‐problem. Two spectral transform matrices are introduced to define two associated Dbar‐problems. The relations between the coupled nonlocal NLS potential and the solution of the Dbar‐problem are constructed. The spatial transform method is extended to obtain the coupled nonlocal NLS equation and its conservation laws. The general nonlocal reduction of the coupled nonlocal NLS equation to the nonlocal NLS equation is discussed in detail. The explicit solutions are derived.
‘Isolated base‐of‐slope aprons’: An oxymoron for shallow‐marine fan‐shaped, temperate‐water, carbonate bodies along the south‐east Salento escarpment (Pleistocene, Apulia, southern Italy)
Authors: Tropeano Marcello , Spalluto Luigi , Meloni Demetrio , Moretti Massimo , Sabato Luisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper regards the lower Pleistocene temperate‐water carbonate deposits disconformably overlying an escarpment made up of faulted Cretaceous to Miocene limestones of the Apulia Foreland (southern Italy). Study deposits discontinuously crop out along the present‐day eastern Salento sea cliff, and form isolated fan‐shaped bodies, up to 1 km wide and up to 40 to 50 m thick, each of them covering an area of a few square kilometres. The internal arrangement of beds is represented by up to 25° to 30° lobate, seaward dipping clinobeds thinning and onlapping onto a rocky foreslope in the proximal sector and passing to gently inclined to sub‐horizontal strata in the distal sector. Seven facies were distinguished, mainly composed of coarse‐grained skeletal carbonates made up of a heterozoan association including coralline algae, large and small benthic foraminifera, echinoids, molluscs, bryozoans and serpulids. Since clinobeds were formed thanks to hyperconcentrated density flows (grain flows) bypassing the upper part of the inherited escarpment, these skeletal grains represent ex situ deposits whose shallow‐marine factory was located upward (landward) with respect to the bypassed zone, likely in the almost flat area on top of the Salento Peninsula. Clinobeds are often affected by tens of metres wide and long channel‐like structures interpreted as landslide scars. Inside these gullies, contorted beds (slumps) or matrix‐supported intra‐bioclastic floatstone/rudstone (massive deposits) are present. The occurrence of supercritical‐flow structures (for example, backset‐bedded beds) indicates the development of hydraulic jumps along the steep slope of gullies. Since these clinostratified, fan‐shaped carbonate bodies represent carbonate slopes, and that the latter are known as aprons, normally related to linear sourced sediments, an acceptable oxymoron for studied fan‐shaped carbonate bodies is suggested: ‘isolated base‐of‐slope aprons’.