bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of contact time of adsorbent made from palm oil mill boiler ash on crude palm oil quality
Authors: Mayyoga S , Rangkuti I U P , Purwanto H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia as an agricultural country, produces agricultural products and their waste. To increase the utilization of agricultural waste, hence Palm Oil Mill Boiler Ash processed into an adsorbent. This research aimed to determine the effect of contact time on the quality adsorption process of crude palm oil using adsorbent from Palm Oil Mill Boiler Ash. The results showed that the optimum contact time at 60 minutes resulted in the largest reduction in free fatty acids by 2.99% with a decrease in the percentage of 21.43%. The minimum water content of crude palm oil was 0.26% with a decrease in the percentage of 18.75%. Meanwhile, the impurities obtained in crude palm oil are around 0.299% - 0.312%. This showed that the boiler ash adsorbent, originating from the Palm Oil Mill, which activated with H3PO4, is effective in reducing free fatty acids and water content in crude palm oil.
The production of citric-acid from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruits through the fermentation process using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Aritonang A Y A , Julianti E , Sinaga H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aimed of this study was to evaluate the quality of citric acid products made from bilimbi fruits by fermentation method using Aspergillus niger as inoculum at various levels of concentration (3%, 6%, and 9%) and fermentation time (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). The citric acid obtained was then analysed their quality including yield, total sugar content, and citric acid content. There is significantly different of citric acid content as affected by the interaction of inoculum concentration and fermentation period, but no significantly different effect on yield and total sugar of fermentation product. The best fermentation condition for citric acid production from bilimbi fruit juice was 6% inoculum concentration with 5 days fermentation. At this condition the citric acid concentration was 3.33%.
Effect of purple sweet potato flour substitution and hemicellulose concentration on physical properties of bread
Authors: Zaharami A , Julianti E , Ridwansyah  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The substitution of purple fleshed sweet potato flour (PSPF) on wheat flour (WF) and the addition of hemicellulose enzyme concentration have been studied for their effect on the physical properties of bread. A factorial completely randomized design was used to perform the research. The first factor was PSPF and WF ratio consists of 0:100; 25:75; 50:50; and 100:0. The second factor was hemicellulase concentration consists of 0%; 0.025%; and 0.05%. The interaction between a ratio of PSPF and WF and hemicellulase concentration produced breads with significantly different (p<0.05) on colour index (L*, a*, b*, °Hue), specific volume, and organoleptic value of texture. The substitution of 25% PSPF on WF and adding 0.05% hemicellulase enzyme produce bread with the best quality.
Porang glucomannan based edible film with the addition of mangosteen peel extract
Authors: Fajri M , Julianti E , Silalahi J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Porang flour is a rich source of glucomannan, while mangosteen peel contains antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Both of these materials can be combined in making edible films which can be applied for environmentally friendly food packaging. The addition of a plasticizer, such as sorbitol, is expected to provide the elasticity properties of the resulting film. This study aimed to evaluate the edible film properties made from glucomannan with various concentration (3% and 4%), and without the addition of mangosteen peel extract or with the addition of extract of mangosteen peel (1%). The results showed that the edible film with the highest tensile strength was obtained in the edible film made from 4% glucomannan without or with 1% mangosteen peel extract, namely 2.6985 MPa and 2.6697 MPa respectively, while the thicknesses were 0.21 mm and 0.23 mm respectively.
Utilization of purple sweet potato as a partial substitute glutinous rice flour in the ombus-ombus cake from North Tapanuli traditional food
Authors: Sigalingging D , Sinaga H , Yusraini E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ombus-ombus is one of the traditional Batak Toba foods from North Tapanuli made from glutinous rice flour. The nutritional content of purple sweet potato is quite complete at affordable prices, which has the potential to be developed into processed food products based on local food and can reduce imports of Indonesian glutinous rice. The main objective of this research was to determine the best ombus-ombus cake formulation by using purple sweet potato as a partial substitute for glutinous rice flour. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design, consisted of two factors, factor I, the percentage substitute of purple sweet potato flour (P1 = 0%; P2 = 10%; P3 = 20%; P4 = 30%) and storage temperature condition (S1= at room temperature and S2= at freezing temperature) with three replications. The moisture content of ombus-ombus based on research was very significantly different (P <0.05) where the value was higher ranged 40-45%, and the organoleptic of colour, aroma, taste, texture were also very significantly different, almost the same value as previous research values and preferred by panellist than commercial products. The best formulation is 20% purple sweet potato flour and 80% glutinous rice flour with freezing storage.
Characteristics of tea bags from keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus Bi) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus. L) leaves
Authors: Ketaren V L , Sinaga H , Lubis Z 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrinking tea is one thing that to do when visiting a place. The antioxidant content of the keji beling and lemon grass has the potential to be developed into a tea drink in the form of a practical bag. The purpose of this study was to know the characteristics of tea bags product from the formulation of keji beling leaves and lemongrass, as well as to increase the antioxidant levels of tea bags commonly consumed by the public. This study consisted of 2 step, namely drying the raw materials and making tea bags. Using 2 factors with factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results of steeping tea bags were then analysed for antioxidant levels and colour (°Hue). The data obtained shows that the addition of lemongrass can increase antioxidant levels in tea. The more lemongrass that is added, the higher the value of the resulting Ic50. And has a colour scale with the yellow red group. The best way to brew tea bag from a mixture of vile leaf and lemon grass based on antioxidant content and colour value°Hue is brewed. Based on this research, a quality standard is needed to be a reference for further research.
Chemical properties of Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus
L.) water-soluble polysaccharide by ultrasound-assisted extraction
Authors: Hilman A , Suhaidi I , Azhari  , Nurhaliza P T , Sakdiah H , Siregar M H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide is a part of the soluble food fibers in bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus). In previous research, it has been carried out by the methods of fermentation extraction, adding water and precipitation with ethanol on inulin extraction. A recent study was examined the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction as a new extraction method. This research was conducted to obtain water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang for chemical properties by ultrasound-assisted extraction (37 kHz; 60°C; 30 min). Also, compared by Inulin and fructooligosaccharide commercial. This study uses an ultimately randomized design with non-factorial. Such as a water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang, Inulin, and fructooligosaccharide. The results showed that the water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang had a yield of 1.67%. It had a significantly different (P<0.05) on water content (11.71%); carbohydrate (98.35%); fat content (0.50%); protein content (3.62%); ash content (0.87%); pH (4.96); and white degree (85.18) compared by inulin and fructooligosaccharide commercial. Although ultrasound-assisted extraction still needs to be improved, this technique dissolves ghost particles and clumps of insoluble starch in the filtrate. Thus, it can decrease the protein, fat, and ash content and directly increase the total carbohydrate. It could be concluded that the water-soluble polysaccharide of bengkuang had potential as a prebiotic compound.
Effect of testic brahman (Bos indicus) mixed with commercial feed and different time for genital of male and female in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Yusni E , Aritonang L S A , Manurung V R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Tilapia is hermaphrodite fish, and from larva they can changing of genital for examples male or female. Male tilapia has faster growth rate than female tilapia. Many technologies were produces genital of fish male dominant population. But to produces that genital were need to prepare for the diet, ones of that were give of the feeding. These results were used of the brahman testicles and mixed with commercial feed, the data were using by immersion method. The results were found value of male seen the larvae compared for the fry tilapia. To give that feed were used at the different time of immersion treatments. The time of immersion was separated to P1 (16 hours), P2 (32 hours), P3 (48 hours) and P0 as (control). The results were observed of male tilapia, body weight, length and water quality parameters. The results of immersion time shown of tilapia larvae very significant effect compared the female. The results were found from the age of 60 days, immersion time of P0 was observed with value of 52.83%, P1 o f85.71%, P2 of 74.49% and P3 was observed and value of 62.41%.
Morphology character and length-weight relationship of Goblinfish (Neovespicula depressifrons) Tetraogidae in Percut Sei Tuan Coastal, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Desrita  , Susetya I E , Basyuni M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research was conducted in Percut Sei Tuan Aquatic with goblinfish (Neovespicula depressifrons) as the main object. Goblinfish was caught at a brackish aquatic which is mangroves are grown. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between weight-length, growth pattern, length-frequency distribution, and condition factors of goblin fish. Danish seines with mesh size net of 1 inch, ½ inch, and ¼ inch was used for fishing. After the fish caught, then measured the total length and weighed, measurements were conducted in the laboratory. The total length of fish caught is in the range of 24-65 mm and a weight of 0.2 - 3 g. The resulting group size consisted of 7 groups with class intervals of 42-47 mm is the mode group size. From the analysis of the length-weight relationship, the constant value of b = 0.972 and the value of the condition factor ranges from 0.90 to 1.37 with an average value of CF > 1.
Effect of sulphate reducing bacteria and ameliorants on nutrient status of N and P in acid sulphate soil
Authors: Hanafiah A S , Sarifuddin  , Hanafiah D S , Araffat A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The application of sulphate-reducing bacteria is expected to reduce the use of lime in increasing the fertility of acid sulphate soils and the growth of corn plants. This study aimed to determine the effect of sulphate-reducing bacteria and ameliorant on shoot dry weight and N and P nutrient status in corn. This research was conducted in the Greenhouse and Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara using factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was sulphate-reducing bacteria, namely B0 = without bacteria application (Control) and B1 = with sulphate-reducing bacteria and the second factor was soil ameliorant, namely P0 = without ameliorant (control); P1 = OPEFB Organic Material; P2 = OPEFB Organic material + NPK fertilizer; P3 = CaCO3 + NPK fertilizer with 4 replications. The results showed that sulphate-reducing bacteria could increase the shoot dry weight but the application of ameliorants, especially organic matter + NPK and CaCO3 + NPK, besides increasing the shoot dry weight also increasing the plant N uptake and P uptake. The interaction of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria and Ameliorants did not significantly affect all parameters observed.
Glomus etunicatum improved salt tolerance in Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. through physiological adjustment
Authors: Delvian  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many studies have reported that salinity has a negative impact on mycorrhiza but mycorrhizae can increase plant growth under salinity stress. This study was conducted to determine the growth and level of dependence of Dalbergia latifolia on mycorrhiza under saline conditions. Dalbergia latifolia is inoculated with Glomus etunicatum and grown on media that has been given a different concentration of sodium chloride solution. The results showed that an increase in salinity led to reduced root colonization of G. etunicatum in D. latifolia but on the other hand, the presence of G. etunicatum increased the growth and biomass of D. latifolia in all salinity levels. Phosphorus uptake of plants colonized by G. etunicatum also increased. This result confirms the degree of dependence of D. latifolia on G. etunicatum under salinity stress. Improved growth of D. latifolia in saline soils reflects the importance of G. etunicatum which can be used to improve the productivity of saline soils.
Healthy hydrosol production from styrax resin harvesting waste using steam distillation
Authors: Aswandi A , Kholibrina C R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Styrax resins or benzoin contain aromatic compounds that applied for medicine, perfumery, food ingredients and others. The resins harvested from Styrax trees were distilled to produce essential oils and hydrosols. Unfortunately, the distillate water usually discarded when separating the primary oils. The objective of study was to evaluate the hydrosol production derived from steam distillation process using various qualities of styrax resin. The materials used are the first grade and harvesting waste resin collected from community’s forests in Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Three replicates of both resin quality were analysed for moisture content, then steam distillation applied for essential oils and hydrosols production. The research shows that at termination of distillation, the best quality resins produced approximately 3.18 kg (31.8%) and 2.74 kg (27.4%) hydrosol from the waste resin. The essential oils production from first quality is higher than the lowest, approximately 64 g (yield 0.64%), while residue resins produce 53 g (0.53%). It is estimated 7.7% of water in hydrosol derive from waste resin assuming all water contained evaporates and condenses to hydrosol. Considering harvesting residues disposed and unutilized, distillation of lowest quality resin for hydrosol production proposes an alternative strategy for optimizing the forest resources utilization.
Decrease sensitivity of Eleusine indica treated with Paraquat and Glyphosate sub-lethal doses
Authors: Saragih M S R S , Purba E , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Populations of Eleusine indica glyphosate-sensitive weed seeds taken from Polytechnic Negeri Medan Campus. This study aims to examine whether the use of sub-lethal doses of paraquat and glyphosate in three generations can cause a decrease in the sensitivity of the Eleusine indica population to each herbicide. This research was carried out at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Campus with a height of ± 25 m above sea level. This study used a paraquat herbicide under the recommended dosage of 200 g.a.i. ha−1 and glyphosate herbicide under the recommended dose 360 g.a.i. ha−1 with three replications. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software.
Insects diversity in salak (Salacca zalacca Gaert.) plantation with differences altitude in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar M R I , Sitepu S F , Siregar A Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the composition, the distribution and the index of diversity of insects on salak (Salacca zalacca Gaert.) from October 2019 until December 2019 at two different altitudes, including 1200 meter above sea level (masl) in Kutambaru Village, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency and at 350 masl in Rumah Lengo Village, STM Hulu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted by survey method with collection samples for 6 times using pit fall traps, light traps, yellow traps, and hand picking. The insects were identified at the Laboratory of Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The results showed that the insects caught in the S.zalacca plantation area at 350 masl comprised of 10 orders, 20 families with a total population of 663 individuals, while the insects collected from the 1200 masl were 8 orders, 19 families and 367 individuals. The diversity index calculated are H’=2.03 in 350 masl and H’=2.35 in 1200 masl. The categorized into moderate diversity of insects which implication no quite differences scores of the composition and diversities of insects. The function status insects were categorized into pest, predator, parasitoid, pollinator, and decomposer.
Genetic diversity based on molecular analysis for Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis griff. ex t. anders) some districts in North Sumatra
Authors: Utami S W , Bayu E S , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Garcinia atroviridis
Griff. known as asam gelugur, it is native to Peninsular Malaysia. The distribution area of Asam gelugur in Indonesia is from Aceh to South Sumatra. The use of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers aims to understanding of the genetic diversity of G.atroviridis. This study aims to observed at the genetic diversity of asam gelugur from Deli Serdang, Langkat, Karo, Serdang Bedagai and Asahan Districts, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. The research method used of the molecular marking method using 2 SSR primers (M1s75 and Vsur) based on PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) which amplifies the Specific DNA sequence. The results showed that primers M1s75 and Vsur were able to amplify 25 samples. The size of the bands was around 150-285 bp and showed monomorphic bands.
The effect of silica source concentration to improve growth of Lactuca sativa L. on floating hydroponic system
Authors: Frasetya B , Subandi M , Sofiani I H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The efficiency of nutrient absorption in lettuce cultivation with a floating raft hydroponic system can increase productivity and reduce hydroponic nutrients’ operational costs. This study aims to study the concentration of silica elements from silica sources made from rice husks and synthetic silica on lettuce plants’ growth. This research was carried out in April 2019-May 2019 at the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor-Sumedang, Indonesia. The research method used was a complete randomized design consisting of five treatments, namely, without silica, 6 ppm synthetic silica, 3 ppm rice husk silica, 6 ppm rice husk silica, and 9 ppm rice husk silica. Each treatment was repeated five times to obtain 25 units of the experiment. Growth parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, and shelf life at room temperature. The observational data were then analysed by analysis of variance at 5% level and Duncan test at 5% level. The results showed that the concentration of silica sources affect plant height and number of leaves. The application of 6 ppm rice husk silica concentration increased the fresh weight of plants 26% higher than without the application of silica.
Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus (PMWaV) on Sipahutar pineapple, in North Tapanuli, Indonesia
Authors: Hutahayan A J , Tantawi A R , Tobing M C , Lisnawita  
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) is one of the main diseases that affect pineapples all over the world, including Sipahutar, North Tapanuli, Indonesia. Currently, there are no studies or information on PMWaV disease as well as the species of mealybugs found in sipahutar pineapples. Therefore, this study aims to identify the mealybugs causing PMWaV in sipahutar pineapple. Data were obtained from 3 (three) villages, namely Siabal-abal II, Onan Runggu, and Sabunganni Huta V, to assess the disease incidence and collect mealybugs. The results showed that the disease incidence of PMWaV in the 3 villages were between 15.6 - 21.6%. The highest disease incidence was found in Siabal-abal II (21.6%), followed by Onan Runggu (21.3%), and SabunganniHuta V (15.6%). The mealybugs found on pineapple sipahutar with PMWaV symptoms in the 3 surveyed villages were identified as Dysmicoccus brevipes.
Virulence test of fusarium isolates against local shallot accessions in the highlands of Karo regency
Authors: Hasanuddin  , Bakti D , Sarifuddin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
North Sumatra Province still lacks shallots every year. the obstacles that are often encountered and seen in farmers’ fields are disturbance of plant pests, generally diseases, especially fusarium basal rot disease. The purpose of this study was to detect the emergence of Fusarium isolates from various sources of infection locations against the increasing attack of fusarium bulbs rot that occurred in 2018 to 2019. Shallots are cultivated on Karo regency in Tongging Village, Rimokayu Village, Tiganderket Village and Payung Village. Statistical analysis showed that the Tongging Fusarium isolate was the most virulent against all the local accession. While Payung Fusarium most virulent against Rimokayu and Payung accession, and Tiganderket Fusarium is the most virulent against Rimokayu and Tiganderket accession. Only two isolates were among the highest virulent, that Tiganderket Fusarium isolate against Payung accession and Tongging accession, and Payung Fusarium isolate against Tiganderket accession and Tongging accession. Batu Bara Fusarium isolate and Deli Serdang Fusariu isolate, was classified as virulence and least virulent against Tongging accession, Payung accession, Tiganderket accession, and Rimokayu accession.