bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on secretions of insulin and glucagon and gastric emptying in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Kuwata Hitoshi , Yabe Daisuke , Murotani Kenta , Fujiwara Yuuka , Haraguchi Takuya , Kubota Sodai , Kubota‐Okamoto Saki , Usui Ryota , Ishitobi Minori , Yamazaki Yuji , Hamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kurose Takeshi , Seino Yusuke , Yamada Yuichiro , Seino Yutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionDifferences in the glucose‐lowering mechanisms of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have been noted. Clarifying these differences could facilitate the choice of optimal drugs for individuals with type 2 diabetes and requires investigation in a clinical setting.Materials and MethodsA single‐arm, prospective, observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various GLP‐1RAs on postprandial glucose excursion, secretions of insulin and glucagon as well as on the gastric emptying rate. Participants were subjected to meal tolerance tests before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after GLP‐1RA initiation. Effects on postprandial secretions of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and apolipoprotein B48 were also investigated.ResultsEighteen subjects with type 2 diabetes received one of three GLP‐1RAs, i.e., lixisenatide, n = 7; liraglutide, n = 6; or dulaglutide, n = 5. While 12‐week administration of all of the GLP‐1RAs significantly reduced HbA1c, only lixisenatide and liraglutide, but not dulaglutide, significantly reduced body weight. Postprandial glucose elevation was improved by all of the GLP‐1RAs. Postprandial insulin levels were suppressed by lixisenatide, while insulin levels were enhanced by liraglutide. Postprandial glucagon levels were suppressed by lixisenatide. The gastric emptying rate was significantly delayed by lixisenatide, while liraglutide and dulaglutide had limited effects on gastric emptying. GIP secretion was suppressed by lixisenatide and liraglutide. Apolipoprotein B48 secretion was suppressed by all of the GLP‐1RAs.ConclusionsAll of the GLP‐1RAs were found to improve HbA1c in a 12‐week prospective observational study in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, differences in the mechanisms of the glucose‐lowering effects and body weight reduction were observed.
Systematic review of single and combined treatments for different types of striae: a comparison of striae treatments
Authors: Seirafianpour F. , Sodagar S. , Mozafarpoor S. , Baradaran H.R. , Panahi P. , Hassanlouei B. , Goodarzi A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStriae distensae (SD) or stretch marks are among the most common forms of atrophic scarring and cosmetic problems, especially in women, that negatively affect quality of life. The main causes of SD vary widely, but the most significant ones include obesity, pregnancy, high corticosteroid levels, weight changes, endocrine disorders and genetic predispositions. Various modalities are available for the treatment of SD; however, there is still no gold standard therapy for this condition. Given the many questions concerning the preferred therapeutic modalities for SD or their overall cost‐effectiveness, this comprehensive systematic review discusses the most prevalent, recent and promising therapies for SD in three main categories, including single therapy, therapeutic comparisons and combination therapy. A systematic search was carried out in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for original articles published on the treatment of SD by 20 May 2019. One hundred articles were reviewed and divided into three categories. In the single therapy category, we found that laser and other light‐based devices and topical treatments are the most commonly applied interventions. In the therapeutic comparison category, we found that most of the common therapeutic modalities are equally effective and there is no significant difference between them in side‐effects and treatment duration. In the combination therapy category, we found that the combination of two or more modalities is usually better than using each one alone.
Reassessment of suitable markers for taxonomy of Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast genomes
Authors: Liu Benwen , Zhu Huan , Dong Xiaoqi , Yan Qiufeng , Liu Guoxiang , Hu Zhengyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFilamentous green algae Chaetophorales present numerous taxonomic problems as many other green algae. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear genes have limited solutions. Studies with appropriate chloroplast molecular markers may solve this problems; however, suitable molecular markers for the order Chaetophorales are still unknown. In this study, 50 chloroplast genomes of Chlorophyceae, including 15 of Chaetophorales, were subjected to single protein‐coding gene phylogenetic analyses, and substitution rate and evolutionary rate assays, and PCR amplification verification was conducted to screen the suitable molecular markers. Phylogenetic analyses of three chloroplast representative genes (psaB, tufA, and rbcL) amplified from 124 strains of Chaetophorales showed that phylogenetic relationships were not improved by increasing the number of samples, implying that the genes themselves, rather than limited samples, were the reason for the unsupported Topology I. Seven genes (atpF, atpI, ccsA, cemA, chlB, psbB, and rpl2) with robust support were selected to be the most suitable molecular markers for phylogenetic analyses of Chaetophorales, and the concatenated seven genes could replace the time‐consuming and labor‐intensive phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome to some extent. To further solve the taxonomic problems of Chaetophorales, suitable chloroplast markers combined with more taxon‐rich approach could be helpful and efficient.
Notes on age determination, size and age structure, longevity and growth of co‐occurring macrourid fishes
Authors: Bergstad Odd Aksel , Hunter Rebecca H. , Cousins Nicola J. , Bailey David M. , Jørgensen Terje 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNineteen species of the deep‐water fish family Macrouridae inhabit the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR) of the North Atlantic. Size and age structure, longevity and length at age were explored for seven of the more abundant species: Coryphaenoides armatus, Coryphaenoides brevibarbis, Coryphaenoides carapinus, Coryphaenoides guentheri, Coryphaenoides mediterraneus, Coryphaenoides rupestris and Macrourus berglax. The otoliths from these species had growth increments resembling those accepted as annuli in other deep‐water species for which validation experiments have been conducted. Based on the counts of these growth increments, age estimates were derived as the basis for studies of age structure, growth and longevity. All the species appeared to have relatively low growth rates, but the interspecific variation in longevity illustrates that there is a considerable variation within the family and among species inhabiting the same deep‐sea environment. Most of the species likely complete full life cycles on the MAR, but it is probable that both the youngest and the largest‐oldest individuals of some of the species were not sampled adequately.
The real effects of earnout contracts in M&As
Authors: Barbopoulos Leonidas G. , Danbolt Jo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarnouts address merger valuation risk by deferring payment of a large part of deal consideration and making it contingent on targets’ future performance. We find acquirers of unlisted targets using earnouts gain more (less) than those making full up‐front payments in cash (stock). Larger and older acquirers benefit more from earnout‐based deals, as do foreign acquirers and acquirers advised by top‐tier or boutique advisors. We address identification through the propensity score matching method and a quasi‐natural experiment. Acquirers realize the highest returns from earnouts when the deferred payment is around 30% of deal value. Deferred payments are larger after the SFAS 141(R) reform.
Quantifying early gastric cancer in Australia: What is the opportunity for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection?
Authors: Yang Linda S , Taylor Andrew C F , Thompson Alexander J V , Desmond Paul V , Holt Bronte A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the recommended treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC). However, there are challenges in attaining expertise in ESD in countries where the incidence of gastric cancer and proportion diagnosed at an early stage of disease are relatively low. This study aims to establish the proportion of gastric cancer meeting histological criteria for EGC, which may be suitable for ESD, in a Western population.MethodsGastric cancers reported to the Victorian Cancer Registry between January 2011 and December 2016 were analyzed. EGC was defined as tumor confined to mucosa (T1a) or submucosa (T1b). Histology reports were analyzed using Japanese and European guidelines to identify potential ESD candidates. Criteria for extended ESD were based on grade of differentiation, tumor depth, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and ulceration.ResultsTwenty percent of 1217 gastric cancers was EGC (237 cases), with detailed histopathology reports suitable for evaluating ESD criteria recorded in 182 cases. Standard and extended ESD criteria were met in 46% (84/182) and 75% (132/182), respectively. Actual treatment of the 237 EGC was endoscopic in 14% (n = 33) and surgery in 86% (n = 204). Endoscopically treated EGCs were more likely to be stage T1a and located in the proximal stomach.ConclusionsEGCs represented 20% of reported gastric adenocarcinomas with the majority fulfilling criteria for ESD. ESD should be considered in the management algorithm and discussed at tumor board meetings involving interventional endoscopists. To increase utilization of ESD, systems need to be implemented to improve training, accreditation, and access to ESD.
The communicative paradigm shift of the digital age: The skinny on social media
Authors: Eid Edward S. , Khoury Dana M. , Vashi Neelam A. , Saade Dana S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this editorial, we explore several relevant issues pertaining to social media use including influencers and photo‐editing software. The aforementioned topics are discussed vis‐à‐vis their profound positive and negative effects on both patients and aesthetic physicians. The reader is invited to appreciate the importance of social media use in aesthetic medicine and the pitfalls its use presents.
Retrospective study on the safety and tolerability of clinical treatments with a novel Thermomechanical Ablation device on 150 patients
Authors: Judodihardjo Harryono , Rajpar Sajjad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are currently not many publications on the safety of thermomechanical ablation (TMA) devices, and those that are published only have small numbers of subjects. This treatment is gaining popularity in Europe and Asia, and thus there is a need to look at the safety of this treatment.ObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety of the clinical use of the novel TMA system (Tixel, Novoxel, Israel) for facial rejuvenation and treatment of acne scars.MethodsWe did a retrospective review of our first 150 patients who were treated with the TMA device.ResultsOne hundred and fifty consecutive patients aged 20 years to 82 years with Fitzpatrick skin types I to V treated with the TMA device were included in this study. The total number of treatment sessions was 327 (average 2.18 treatment per patient). The total number of pulses delivered to these patients was 1 48 856 (average 455 pulses per session). The indications for the treatment were photodamaged skin (n=145) and acne scarring (n=5). All patients were able to use makeup immediately after the treatment at lower settings, thus needing no real recovery time. Patients treated at higher settings were able to use makeup after 2 days. There were four reported complications: post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (n=2), impetigo (n=1), and dermatitis (n=1).ConclusionsUsing the TMA device in the treatment of photodamage and acne scarring is safe in skin types I to V and has a low incidence of temporary side effects with no permanent side effects.
Development and cosmeceutical evaluation of topical emulgel containing Albizialebbeck bark extract
Authors: Tasneem Rabia , Khan Haji Muhammad Shoaib , Zaka Hafiz Saqib , Khan Palwasha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntioxidants are widely used in cosmetic products as they have beneficial effects on skin and prevent skin from harmful effects of environment. Albizia lebbeck has a significant potential to be used in cosmeceuticals due to its antioxidant activity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to formulate a stable and effective o/w emulsion‐based emulgel containing Albizia lebbeck bark extract, which have considerable antioxidant activity.MethodologyAntioxidant activity of Albizia lebbeck bark extract was determined by DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) method. Emulgel containing 3% extract was developed by mixing o/w emulsion in Carbopol gel along with a placebo emulgel without extract (base). In vitro evaluation of these emulgels, that is, liquefaction, color, phase separation, centrifugation, and pH change were carried out for a period of 8 weeks at different storage conditions, that is, 8ºC, 25ºC, 40ºC, and 40ºC & 75% relative humidity (RH). In vivo evaluation of emulgels was carried out on 13 healthy female volunteers by measuring various parameters of skin, that is, melanin level, erythema level, moisture content, sebum content, and elasticity at regular time intervals after applying emulgel (both base and test formulation) for 8 weeks.ResultsAntioxidant activity of Albizia lebbeck bark extract was 84.7%. Both emulgels (base and test formulation) were stable at all storage conditions. Statistical analysis showed that test formulation produced significant effects (p < 0.05) on melanin, erythema level, moisture content, sebum level, and elasticity of skin.ConclusionIt can be concluded that a stable topical emulgel containing 3% Albizia lebbeck bark extract has significant antioxidant effects on human skin.
Demodex infestation as a cause of sensitive skin in a dermatology outpatient clinic
Authors: Yasak Guner Rukiye , Tosun Mustafa , Akyol Melih , Hayta Sibel Berksoy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is subjective cutaneous hyperreactivity to environmental factors. Demodicosis is a skin disorder caused by Demodex mites. There may be a link between demodicosis and sensitive skin.AimThis study aimed to examine facial Demodex mites density and other factors associated with sensitive skin in patients.Methods and methodsA total of 349 randomly selected patients presented to the dermatology department. The research data were collected using a questionnaire form that included the participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, a sensitive skin questionnaire, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and European Health Interview Survey (EHIS). Patients underwent standardized superficial skin surface biopsy of 4 areas of the face. D. folliculorum count greater than 5 mites/cm2 was considered positive.ResultsIn relation to Demodex, there was an increase in skin sensitivity with higher Demodex density (p = 0.04). There was a statistically significant, weak positive correlation between skin sensitivity and DLQI score (r = 0.33, p = 0.00), and there was also a significant but very weak negative correlation between skin sensitivity and EUROHIS (r = −0.164, p = 0.002). Skin sensitivity was more common in patients with a concomitant dermatological disease (p = 0.01) and increased with more frequent cosmetic use (p = 0.00).ConclusionAlongside other risk factors, for the patients presenting with complaints of sensitive skin, investigating Demodex population density may help alleviate sensitive skin symptoms with appropriate therapies and preventive measures.
After the Temporal Lifting Technique—What comes next?
Authors: Hernandez Claudia A. , Schneider Carolina , Gold D Michael H. , Muniz Mariana , Green Jeremy B. , Alfertshofer Michael , Frank Konstantin , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe temporal lifting technique can provide lateral facial lifting when administering hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based soft tissue fillers into the subdermal plane of the temple. However, the central facial oval is not influenced by this technique.ObjectivesTo identify the safety and esthetic effectiveness of additional midfacial injection points (in addition to the temporal lifting technique) that can volumize the medial midface, lift the lateral face, and increase jawline contouring when included into a full‐face injection algorithm.MethodsThe patient records of nine consecutive patients (all females) with a mean age of 35.0 (8.4) years and a mean body mass index of 21.7 (2.4) kg/m2 were retrospectively analyzed after a full‐face injection algorithm was performed using HA‐based fillers. The additional injection points target the supraperiosteal plane of the medial zygomatic arch, the lateral infraorbital region, and the pyriform fossa using both needles and cannula.ResultsNo adverse events were observed during the 6‐month retrospective observational period. The volume of the medial midface increased, the volume of the lateral midface decreased, and the contour of the jawline improved; all effects reached a highly statistically significant level with p < 0.001.ConclusionDespite each individual injection is currently performed on a daily clinical basis the evaluated injection algorithm following the temporal lifting technique shows some evidence that it is safe and esthetically effective. Future studies will need to confirm the results presented herein in a larger sample and with objective outcome measures to guide safe and effective esthetic outcomes.
Recommendations for the use of corrective makeup after dermatological procedures
Authors: Araviiskaia Elena , Le Pillouer Prost Anne , Kosmadaki Marita , Kerob Delphine , Roo Elia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe number of dermatological or cosmetic procedures carried out has continuously increased over the last decades. Almost all may cause transient local skin reactions such as erythema, blistering, crusts, scaling, hypo‐ or hyperpigmentation, or hemorrhagic lesions. One issue of dermatological procedures is the downtime, during which patients need to hide their skin, due to these local reactions.AimTo provide dermatologists with easy‐to‐follow recommendations for the right timing of use of corrective makeup for patients who have undergone or who plan to undergo dermatological procedures, according to the invasiveness of the dermatological procedure chosen.MethodologyA group of experts in dermatological procedures met in 2019 and at the beginning of 2020 to discuss the different procedures, their local reactions and downtime, and the opportunities to use specific corrective makeup in order to hide these transient reactions.ResultsAs a result of the discussions, the experts proposed a tabulated algorithm of use based on a classification of the different dermatological procedures according to their invasiveness and recommended timing of the first post‐procedure corrective makeup application.ConclusionCorrective makeup may be considered as a complement to certain dermatological procedures in order to minimize downtime. However, its use is conditioned by the correct understanding of skin barrier alteration and recovery time. The proposed algorithm of use of corrective makeup after procedures may help the practitioner to indicate his patient the right moment for applying corrective makeup in order to avoid local tolerance issues and post‐procedure complications.
A prospective, open‐label, multicentric, single‐arm, post‐marketing clinical study to evaluate effectiveness and safety of Cross‐Linked Sodium Hyaluronate 24mg with Lidocaine 3mg Injection in subjects undergoing treatment for facial wrinkles and lip augmentation
Authors: Shome Debraj , Shah Radha Atal , Gowda Dinesh , Vadera Sapna , Kumar Vaibhav , Raj Manish , Atif Ali , Doshi Komal , Vekaria Mrudul , Pathak Meghna , Kapoor Rinky 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are quite commonly used since several years for soft tissue augmentation.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate primarily the safety and secondarily the clinical effectiveness of Cross‐Linked Sodium Hyaluronate 24 mg with Lidocaine 3 mg (Jeunesso 24L) injection, in subjects undergoing treatment for facial wrinkles and lip augmentation.MethodPatients between the age groups of 18 and 75 years, who were seeking soft tissue augmentation treatment on the face and with wrinkle severity score (WSS) ≥2 for bilateral Nasolabial Folds (NLF), were included in the study. The appropriate quantity of the filler was injected at the treatment site. Clinical efficacy assessments were conducted independently at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Clinical efficacy was assessed using Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).ResultsThe mean pain score was found to be 2.57 ± 2.06 immediately after injection which was reduced to 0.1 ± 0.675 at 15 min and this further subsided to “No Pain” in any of the participants at 60 min post the injection. WSRS mean score before treatment was 2.76, which were significantly reduced to 2.14, at 3 months. Majority of participants found an improvement in the marionette line severity. Also, significant improvements were seen in the perioral and lip areas. The Study filler was well‐tolerated and no side effects were reported.ConclusionThe study indicates that this particular filler, HA+L, is useful for cosmetic improvements in the nasolabial folds and for enhancement of the lips.
Nurse bias and nursing care disparities related to patient characteristics: A scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Groves Patricia S. , Bunch Jacinda L. , Sabin Janice A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionInvestigations of healthcare workers’ implicit attitudes about patient characteristics and differences in delivery of healthcare due to bias are increasingly common. However, there is a gap in our understanding of nurse‐specific bias and care disparities.AimsTo identify (a) the types of available evidence, (b) key factors and relationships identified in the evidence and (c) knowledge gaps related to nurse bias (nurse attitudes or beliefs towards a patient characteristic) and nursing care disparities (healthcare disparities related specifically to nursing care).MethodsAuthors completed a scoping review using the Joanne Briggs Institute method and PRISMA‐SCR checklist. Five databases were searched. After screening, 215 research reports were included and examined. Data were extracted from research reports and assessed for thematic patterns and trends across multiple characteristics.ResultsNurse bias and/or care disparity investigations have become increasingly common over the 38‐year span of included reports. Multiple patient characteristics have been investigated, with the most common being race and/or ethnicity, gender and age. Twenty‐nine of 215 studies identified a potential relationship between nurse bias regarding a characteristic and nursing care of individuals with that characteristic. Of these studies, 27 suggested the bias was associated with a negative disparate impact on nursing care. Only 12 reports included evaluating an intervention designed to reduce nurse bias or nursing care‐related healthcare disparities.ConclusionsDespite increasing research focus on individual bias and disparities in healthcare, the accumulated knowledge regarding nurses has not significantly advanced past a descriptive, exploratory level. Nor has there been a consistent focus on the role of nurses, who represent the largest component of the professional healthcare workforce.Relevance to clinical practiceNational and international codes of ethics for nurses require provision of care according to individual, unique patient need, disregarding bias and incorporating patient characteristics into their plan of care.