bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of tetM, armA, blaPER-1 and blaIMP genes in E. coli isolates among the gram negative bacteria that cause urinary tract infections
Authors: Khalaf Shahrazad Ahmed , Mahmood Nibras Nazar , Saleh Mohammed Abdul Daim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to define the prevalence of gram negative bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to look for the genes tetM, blaIMP, and ND M-1 in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. This study was conducted on 205 urine samples collected from outpatients having a urinary tract infection for Baquba teaching hospital. The VITEK 2 compact device, which is fully automated, was used to identify the causative microorganisms and also used in antimicrobials susceptibility test. Combined-disk test was used for phenotypic determination of beta lactamases producing isolates and after DNA extraction, PCR was used to determine the genotypic status of the16S rRNA, tetM, blaIMP, andNDM-1genes..Out of 205 urine samples, only 72(35.12%) were found to have gram negative bacteria, isolated microorganisms wereEscherichia coli44 (35.7%),K. Pneumonia18(14.6%),P. aeruginosa8(6.5 %) were2(1.6 %) diagnosed asBurkholderia cepacia. Overall highest susceptibility was observed for imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, momocycline, colistin and to tazobactam and 32 isolates fromE. coliwere confirmed to be ESBL producers. 16S rRNA gene sequencing attributed the isolates toEscherichia coli. Among the 10 E. coli isolates recovered from the UTI patients, isolateswhichpositive fortetM( 90%) and which negative forarmA,blaPER-1andblaIMP. The most common gram negative bacteria found to cause UTIs were E. coli andK. pneumoniae.This study found that a few pathogens ofE. coliare resistant to IPM and MEM. The frequency oftetMgenes that are responsible for this resistance among pathogenicE. coliisolates in diyala, was high.
Detection of SalmonellaTyphimurium in water and meat using nanosensor
Authors: Al-Atafy Qsay kamil Hadi , Al-Janabi Jihad Deiyb Mahal , Al-Mayahi Basim Abd Al-Hassan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The sensor dimensions are chosen (10 * 10 mm) and manufactured by the laser engraving system as a dimension of the fine copper die and installed on the glass substrate coated with the nano material and the mould is coated with silver by thermal vacuum evaporation and the fixation of the connecting electrodes. The surface properties and the structural, optical and electrical properties of the thin films were studied. Samples prepared with an X-ray diffraction device (XRD) were examined to ensure the presence of elements or compounds entering the coating layer, and an examination with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to identify the crystal size of the coating compound and a scanning electron microscope. Field (SEM) is to prove the existence and proportions of active ingredients. The UV nano composite spectra were studied to investigate the optical behavior of ZnO-rGO membranes (transmittance and absorption). The sensing properties were determined by measuring changes in the conductivity of the prepared bacteria present in water and flesh using current and voltage measurement I-V by two mass device methods and the results were accurate. The results proved that ZnO-rGO has high sensitivity towards bacteria and is made of thin films of nano composites and has a high performance to detect bacteria in water and meat. The goal of this study is to design and manufacture a nano sensor with high efficiency to detect a type of bacteria that the thin films deposited in the vacuum have properties excellent for accurate detection. The microbial detection devices based on thin materials are inexpensive and do not require trainers to use them, and they operate at room temperature. Thus they have the advantage of remote positioning and monitoring in dangerous places.
The Impact of Transforming Growth Factor-b1 on the men infertility
Authors: Alkafagi Arshed S. , Kadhum Wejdan M. , Gafil Abbas Abbas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe influence of cytokines in the reproductive system is becoming increasingly important. The major cytokines involved in the proliferative system are TGFβ-1 that performs many cellular functions, including controlling cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Current information indicates a close interrelationship between immune and reproductive functions resulting from the participation of certain cytokines and their receptors. Cytokine-converting growth factor-b (TGF-b) is initially purified from human platelets, a rich source of this protein. In addition to platelets, TGF-b1 is also generated in other blood elements from these elements plasma (semen plasma) and circulating white blood cells. However, more than many years after the initial isolation of TGF-b1, there is no consensus on the amount of TGF-b1 present in normal human plasma. TGFb1 is considered as a critical regulator of reproductive tissue development and characteristic cyclic modification. The physiological significance of TGFb1 in reproductive biology and productivity has been extensively examined in Tgfb1 null mutant mice. Genetic deficiency of TGFb1 disrupts the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, inhibiting luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis and leading to subsequent effects on testosterone production in males. These studies demonstrate the profound importance of TGFb1 in males and provide a basis for exploring the importance of this cytokine in Human infertility and sexual dysfunction.
Anti-quorum sensing effect of streptococcus agalatiaceae by Zinc Oxide, Copper Oxide, and Titanium Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Abdul-Hamza Haneen K. , Mohammed Ghaidaa J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quroum sensing system found in many species of bacteria, including Streptococcus agalactiae that use to regulate many virulence and pathogenicity characteristics. So, this study achieved to detect the inhibitory effect of (CuO, ZnO, TiO2) nanoparticles on quorum sensing of Streptococcus agalactiae. The bacterial isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae were obtained from vaginal and rectal swabs from pregnant women who visited maternity and children hospital in Al-Diwaniyah city from 7/2018 to 4/2019. Three metal oxides nanoparticles (CuO, ZnO, TiO) were used which was examined using a scanning electron microscope and then three different concentrations were prepared (100,250,500) μg\ml to study its effectiveness against quorum sensing. The nanoparticles showed their effectiveness in inhibiting the quorum sensing of Streptococcus agalactiae through the formation of a clear inhibition zone around the wells. Copper oxide nanoparticles showed high efficiency in inhibition of the quorum sensing with a diameter of (35) mm. Also, zinc oxide nanoparticles showed efficacy against the quorum sensing with diameter (27) mm, while the less inhibition effect appeared with the use of titanium oxide, where the diameter of inhibition was (20) mm. The results of the study showed the efficiency of nano-oxides (TiO2, ZnO, CuO) in inhibiting the quroum sensing of S.agalactiae bacteria, and copper oxide was the most efficient among them. So, there is need to further studies to detect the effect of nanoparticles on quorum sensing and virulence factors of other bacteria.
Study the pathogenicity of the bacteria associated with Periplanta americana cockroach on Gelleria mollonella. L worm larva
Authors: Alyas S S , Ibrahim R K , Kareem A A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, the bacterial genera associated with the Periplaneta americana cockroach were isolated from the residential areas and nurseries in Baghdad city with concentrations 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 and their effect on the larvae of Gelleria mollonella. L worm was studied in the laboratory by food spraying method. Conclusion: The results showed that the highest percentage of larvae mortality was at the concentration 10-2 (33.33%) for both Acinetobacter lwoffii and Enterobacter cloacae bacteria. While the highest rate of larvae mortality was at the concentration 10-4 (33.33%) for each of Pseudomonas oleovorans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas the concentration 10-6 showed the highest mortality rate (50%) of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Klebsiellaella bacteria. Results of the study showed predominance of the effect of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Klebsiella pneumonia on the mortality rate of the larvae of the great Gelleria mellonell L. worm as it was 50%, while the effect of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas oleovorans yielded the highest mortality rate of 33.33% at each of the concentrations 10-2,10-4 10-6 whereas the results showed that the concentration 10-2 for each of Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes had no effect on larvae mortality.
Synthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticles doped with silver and Novel antibacterial activity
Authors: Abdulkadhim Waleed K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pure and Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesis via a hydrothermal process and have anti-bacterial activity were examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of Ag doping on TiO2 to rutile phase transformation was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),(EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and (UV). The average size of the TiO2 was in the range of (12.6)nm, and the doped TiO2+Ag had an average size of (12)nm. The antibacterial activity of the Tio2 and TiO2+Ag were evaluated against E. coli,S. aureus using the release of cellular materials method. The results showed that TiO2+Ag nanoparticles as a novel DNA-mediated antibacterial agent. The TiO2+Ag nanoparticles were observed to destroy the bacterial cells by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability.
Compressive Strength, Wear, and Structure Characteristics as a Result of Silicon Carbide Addition on a Copper Base
Authors: Ghareeb Suha M. , Aman Allah Sabah Mahmoud , Darweesh Salih Y. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current research aims to study of the effected of the reinforced materials on the extent of failure or resistance of the metals. The powder method was used to manufacture models of copper-based composites, then copper was reinforced by silicon carbide at percentages of (0,5,10,15,20)%, and alumina was used as a fixed support at (10% Al2O3), Moreover, the mixture was ground by a steel mill for 2, 4, and 6 hours and then pressed with a press capacity of 20 tons. The homogeneous mixture was placed inside a steel mold and pressed at 5 tons for a time of one minute. After sintering at 900°C for two hours, the samples were prepared. The diagonal compressive strength tests, the wear test and examination of an atomic force microscope in three different grinding periods were carried out. The results of the examination showed that the highest compressive strength was obtained (53.3 Mpa) at a six-hour grinding time with a percentage of 20%SiC, while the wear rate showed a decrease in its value as it was less weary at a six-hour grinding time, and at a percentage of 20%SiC also (1.10368 * 10 -7 g/cm). The images obtained from the atomic force microscope showed that the total surface topography and the morphology of the grains formed on the surface have a high degree of homogeneity and arrangement after the heat treatment. We observed the regularity in the growth of the superimposed layer and noted that the grains were arranged perpendicular to the axis. As the crystalline heights are approximately equal, the best characteristic parameters of the results were found at sintering of 900°C, grinding time of six hours, and cementing content of 20%.
Effect of heat treatment on the characteristics and NH3 Sensing properties of Tin Dioxide SnO2 Thin Film
Authors: jarrah Radhiyah M.S.al , Allawi Hamza Huda , Jaafer Noor Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this research, Spray pyrolysis technique used to prepared Tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films on glass substrate with thickness about 200± 8 nm by dissolved 2.2563 g of SnCl2.2H2O in 100 ml of ethanol then added 60 drops from concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). After that the films were annealed at different temperatures (300, 400 and 400 °C ). X-ray analyses shows that the structure of all SnO2 films is polycrystalline with tetragonal rutile crystalline structure with preferential orientation in the direction (200).
The optical measurements show that the optical transition has been direct and the average band gap has been tendency to decreases from 3.98 eV to 3.73 eV with increasing of Ta. The extent and nature of transmittance and optimized band gap of the material assure to utilize it for sensor applications.
From sensing measurements for NH3 gas at different operating temperature (100,200,250 and 300)°C and gas concentration 1(5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% ) can be seen that the sensitivity increases with increasing operating temperature and gas concentration, the response time decreases to smallest value (4s) at operating temperature 200 °C while the recovery time (22 s).
Improving the physical and mechanical properties of nickel by adding nano titanium oxide by powder technology
Authors: Ali Muhammed A. , Jassim Ismael K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the current article aims to study the effect of Nano construction on the physical and mechanical properties of nickel, samples were made from samples of nickel-based metal and supported with nano titanium oxide, with volumetric ratios of (0,5,10,15,20) %, where the matrix and the reinforcement were ground using a homemade microwave mill with milling times of (3, 6, 9) hours. After that the required weights were prepared and the powders were pressed at (100 bar) and for a time of one minute only. Then the samples resulting from pressing were thermally treated by means of oven and at 1200°C for a time of two hours, physical tests were carried out that included green density and bulk, true porosity, and mechanical properties are hardness, wear rate. The physical and mechanical tests gave the best results after sintering and at a milling time of 9 hours and reinforcement from (0-20) % where the green density decreased from (7.01-5.20) g/cm3, and the bulk density after sintering decreased from (8.43-7.20) g/cm3, porosity increased from (15.43-8.8)%. The mechanical properties increased the hardness from (99-240) Kg/mm2, while the wear rate decreased from (4.03×10-7-6.59×10-8) g/cm. All these results indicate an improvement in nickel metal with an increase in the Nano composition ratio.
Effect of hexagonal synthetic aperture on the optical system with focal error
Authors: Kharnoob Ali Abduljaleel , Hassan Adnan Falh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce a new approach by using hexagonal synthetic aperture in an optical system and obtaining a high-resolution image. This paper illustrates two cases of an optical system with a hexagonal synthetic aperture where the study was included, First, study the effect of a hexagonal synthetic aperture on a diffraction-bound optical system, Second, study the effect of hexagonal synthetic aperture on an optical system with a focal error of 25λ and 50λ. The results showed a significant improvement in the central intensity, a clear decrease in the secondary peaks, and a decrease in the width of the central intensity curve, which gives a high-resolution image as a result of improving the signal to noise ratio.
Study The Spectral and Thermal Properties of The Molecule Tetracene (C18-H12) by Using Semi Empirical Quantum programs
Authors: Abdulla Zeno M. , Mohammed Abdul Hakim Sh. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the spectral properties of the Tetracene molecule (C18H12) using the Semi-empirical quantum programs (Hyper Chem8.0, WinMopac7.21) by (MNDO-PM3) method ( Modified Neglect of Differential Overlap-Parameterization Model3) The study envelope computation of the space geometry of the Tetraene molecule was calculated using the initial and final matrices, including the length, the angle between the bonds, the angle of the dipole, and the charge of each atom in the Tetracene molecule, The total energy, binding energy, electronic energy, core-core repulsion, ionization potential, molecular weight, moment of inertia, and dipole moment of the molecule were also calculated The curved potential energy of each molecule has been plotted as it is adopted to vary the length of the bonds, (C1-H19) and (C1-H15) in the Tetracene molecule compared to the result of the total energy values of Tetracene in equilibrium. In addition to the potential energy curve, the dissociation energy of spectroscopy was calculated for molecule and the molecular orbit including ELUMO equal to (-1.353), EHOMO equal to (-7.87eV), Egap equal to (6.517 eV) of Tetracene. Likewise, the vibration frequencies of the Tetracene molecule were obtained in the infrared region and electron transmission in the UV region. Some thermal properties (thermodynamics) of Tetracene were also calculated, including heat of formation, entropy, heat capacity, enthalpy and, gibbs free energy, at a temperature (298K), the value of the Tetracene molecule was equal to (84.445)kcal.mol-1, (114.6487)Cal.mol-1.K-1, (54.8085)Cal.mol-1.K-1,(8484.7728)Cal.mol-1 (-25716.70)Cal.mol-1 respectively. The results of the theoretical study agreed with the experimental results and almost with the previous research.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ruta Leaf Extract
Authors: Mamdooh Nabeel W. , Naeem Ghassan A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, green synthesis of AgNPs is carried out by means of an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and safe technology using Ruta leaf extract as a reducing agent for silver. Furthermore, biological activity of produced AgNPs was examined against different microorganism with multiple resistances to antibiotics, which isolated from different disease states. The produced AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Ruta leaf extract were confirmed by their change of color from colorless to yellow and lastly to reddish brown. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of the AgNPs synthesized showed characteristic surface plasmon absorption peak at 415 nm. Where the X-ray diffraction showed that, the nanoparticles were crystalline in nature with a face-centered cubic structure (FCC). Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph showed the creation of spherical nanoparticles with size from 30 to 50 nm in diameter. The element silver of the sample was obtained from the Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDX). The stability and distribution size were detected using zeta potential and DLS analysis.
Structural properties of pure and Sn doped ZnO thin film prepared using sol-gel method
Authors: Alqaisi Marwa Mudfer , Ghazai Alaa J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the pure ZnO and Sn doped ZnO thin films with different volume ratios (2, 4, 6, and 8V/V) of tin chloride have been successfully prepared by using sol-gel method. The structural properties were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that, pure ZnO and Sn doped ZnO thin films have polycrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure. The structure have different plane at (1 1 1),(0 0 2),(1 0 1),(1 0 2),(1 1 0),(1 0 3),(1 1 2) belong to 2θ of 31.64, 34.30,36.13, 47.43, 56.49, 62.73, 67.83 respectively. The orientation of (002) at 2θ = 34.30 has a narrow FWHM, low strain, and crystalline size equal to 4.913, 3.683, 3.686, 2.455, and4.911 respectively for pure, Sn doped ZnO. Particle shapes were spherical granules morphology for all samples. The AFM images showed that the size of the grains on the surface of thin films increases with the increase in the concentration of impurity which agreement with the SEM results.
Study of structural and magnetic properties for the magnetic system Ba0.2Sr0.8Fe12O19 nanoparticle powder via chemical coprecipitation method
Authors: Abbas Mustafa Ali , Ajeel Khalid I. , jeber Raheem Abed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present work is an experimental study and interested in hexaferrite samples preparation of the system Ba0.2Sr0.8Fe12O19 nanoparticle powder by chemical coprecipitation method used to prepare fine nanoparticles. The structural properties of this system have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and were found the average grain size to be (33.685)nm. Magnetic properties were calculated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), it was the results proved that the saturation magnetization reaches to (85.633)emu/gr and the residual magnetization is (39.342)emu/gr. The coercivity of (4665.909)Oe is also observed. The hysteresis loop was studied and shown that, this system of hard ferrite materials.
Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial activity of polyaniline-CdS nanocomposites
Authors: Al-Kilabi Raad Hussein Ghali , Alkhayatt Adel H. Omran , Ressen Ali Hassan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) semiconductor polymer and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) was prepared by chemical oxidation method and sol-gel method respectively. (10-40) wt% content of CdS NPs was added polyaniline conductive polymer powder to prepared PANI-CdS nanocomposites. The Fourier transform infrared analysis FT-IR spectra of the prepared samples revealed that the effective groups and peak locations referred to the confirming chemical bond are well-matched with the reported literature. The XRD results shows a very wide peak of PANi polymer which indicate to some crystallinity of PANi structure. Whereas the diffraction pattern of CdS NPs shows high crystallinity and polycrystalline nature of hexagonal wurtzite phase. The diffraction pattern of PANI-CdS nanocomposites shows lower peaks intensity than of CdS NPs and improved with the increase of CdS NPs content. The antibacterial activity of PANi and PANi-CdS nanocomposites was estimated by agar well diffusion method against four types of pathogenic bacteria Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. It was found that there is a strong antibacterial activity and the greatest effect was for the prepared PANi-CdS NPs 40 wt% and the highest activity was found against Staph. aureus bacteria as well as with the increase of nanoparticles content.
Structural, Morphology and Optical properties of Ag-doped Nanostructured CdS thin films
Authors: Shaban Zina M , Khlati Jenan A , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) method is employed to deposit CdS and Silver (Ag)-doped CdS films. The effect of Ag doping at 1, and 3 wt-% levels is considered. The principal X-ray diffraction peak was along (020) plane. Maximum grain size was observed at the (CdS:3% Ag) films. The dislocation density parameter increased from 53.04 to 37.08, whereas the strain(%) parameter decreases from 25.23 to 21.10. Atomic force Microscope (AFM) images indicate a polycrystalline structure, and reveal that the undoped CdS and doped CdS:Ag films have discontinuous surfaces with spherically grains decreased from (58.05 to 45.77 nm) with the increase of doping from 0% to 3%. Root-mean square (Rrms) roughness of surface is about (9.81-5.42) nm. Also, there was a clear decrement in transmittance as Ag increment. The optical energy bandgap Eghas been decreased from 2.47 to 2.37 eV due to increase in Ag content. The absorption coefficients with photon energy increase with increasing concentration doping in Ag.