bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Specific Multiple Enhancement Theranostic Nanoprobe for PET/MRI/PAI Image‐Guided Radioisotope Combined Photothermal Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xia Lei , Meng Xiangxi , Wen Li , Zhou Nina , Liu Teli , Xu Xiaoxia , Wang Feng , Cheng Zhen , Yang Zhi , Zhu Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn integrated molecular probe for combined tumor‐targeted multimodal imaging and therapy in the era of precision medicine requires a multiplexed platform that simultaneously has high targeting specificity, versatile conjugation capability, and biocompatibility. Here, a novel biocompatible melanin nanoprobe (PMNs‐II‐813) coupled with a highly specific prostate‐specific membrane antigen small molecule inhibitor is developed for the targeted multimodal diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The melanin nanoparticles demonstrate photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) functionalities via strong near‐infrared absorption. The imaging contrast agents 89Zr and Mn2+ are stably conjugated to the nanoparticles for positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fusion PET/MRI with PMNs‐II‐813 enables the monitoring of treatment effects in real time and lasts for more than 1 week, demonstrating the capability for multimodal theranostics in prostate cancer. Labeling with a therapeutic radionuclide, 131I, simultaneously endows the nanoprobe with the capability for radioisotope therapy (RIT) and PTT under triple‐modal imaging guidance. Combined PTT and RIT has an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer growth (tumor inhibition rate of ≈93% 20 days after treatment), which is significantly better than that with the single treatment. Overall, it is believed that PMNs‐II‐813 has potential for clinical translation to treat prostate cancer.
De Novo Nano‐Erythrocyte Structurally Braced by Biomimetic Au(I)‐peptide Skeleton for MDM2/MDMX Predation toward Augmented Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Xiaoqiang , Yan Jin , You Weiming , Li Fanni , Diao Jiajie , He Wangxiao , Yao Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn nature, cells rely on a structural framework called the “cytoskeleton” to maintain their shape and polarity. Based on this, herein a new class of cell‐mimicking nanomedicine using bionic skeletons constituted by the oligomeric Au(I)–peptide complex is developed. The peptide function of degrading pathological MDM2 and MDMX is used to synthesize an oligomeric Au(I)–PMIV precursor capable of self‐assembling into a clustered spherical bionic skeleton. Through coating by erythrocyte membrane, an erythrocyte‐mimicking nano‐cell (Nery‐PMIV) is developed with depressed macrophage uptakes, increased colloidal stability, and prolonged blood circulation. Nery‐PMIV potently restores p53 and p73 in vitro and in vivo by degrading MDM2/MDMX. More importantly, Nery‐PMIV effectively augments antitumor immunity elicited by anti‐PD1 therapy in a murine orthotopic allograft model for LUAD and a humanized patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model for LUAD, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Taken together, this work not only presents evidence showing that MDM2/MDMX degradation is a potentially viable therapeutic paradigm to synergize anti‐PD1 immunotherapy toward LUAD carrying wild‐type p53; it also suggests that cell‐mimicking nanoparticles with applicable bionic skeletons hold tremendous promise in offering new therapies to revolutionize nanomedicine in the treatment of a myriad of human diseases.
Effects of neighboring nation terrorism on imports
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhayu , Doucouliagos Hristos , Pham Cong S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the effects of terrorism in a home nation and in its neighbors on the home nation's imports. We find that a 10% increase in terrorist attacks in a neighboring nation reduces a country's imports from the rest of the world by approximately $320 million USD, on average. Mediation analysis shows that trading delays is a potential channel of transmission of trade costs of terrorism to a neighbor. We also present a monopolistically competitive theoretical model to throw light on our empirical results.
Evaluation of symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism receiving long‐term mineralocorticoid replacement therapy
Authors: Casado Díaz Jose I. , Sieber‐Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Boretti Felicitas S. , Fracassi Federico , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate kidney function by determining serum symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) and serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH) receiving long‐term mineralocorticoid replacement therapy.MethodsDogs with PH receiving a minimum of 12 months of either desoxycorticosterone pivalate or fludrocortisone acetate were included in the study provided that banked frozen serum samples were available for sSDMA analysis. sCr concentrations were retrieved from the medical records. In dogs still alive and presented for regular re‐evaluations and in newly diagnosed patients, blood was prospectively collected for sSDMA and sCr determination.ResultsThirty‐two dogs met the inclusion criteria. The treatment time ranged from 12 to 146 months after initial diagnosis (median, 55.5 months). The majority of dogs had normal sSDMA and sCr concentrations throughout the hormone replacement treatment. Both sSDMA and sCr concentrations were persistently elevated in three of 32 dogs. Further workup confirmed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in all three dogs.ConclusionsBased on these data, the prevalence of CKD could be higher in dogs with PH receiving long‐term mineralocorticoid replacement treatment than in the general dog population. However, additional studies with a larger number of dogs are needed to confirm it.
Evaluation of fructosamine concentration as an index marker for glycaemic control in diabetic dogs
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K. , Beer Raphael , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough fructosamine is a commonly used surrogate marker to assess glycaemic control in diabetic dogs, its diagnostic accuracy has been questioned. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of fructosamine measurements to diagnose well and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM), using continuous glucose monitoring as a gold standard.MethodsTwenty‐four dogs with treated DM and continuous glucose monitoring for mean (±SD) 13.1 (±1.7) days were retrospectively analysed. Two assessment strategies were applied to categorize glycaemic control, and fructosamine concentrations were determined shortly after sensor cessation using a colorimetric assay.ResultsCorrelations of individual fructosamine concentrations with mean glucose as well as percentage of measurements > 15 mmol/L were not significant (p = 0.372,p = 0.129). Fructosamine did not differ between dogs with and without hypoglycaemic episodes (p = 0.64). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for fructosamine to diagnose either good or poor glycaemic control revealed AUC values of 0.71 (p = 0.025) indicating moderate accuracy, and 0.7 (p = 0.135) indicating AUC is non‐discriminatory, respectively. The respective positive likelihood ratios for the optimal cutoffs to identify good (<396 μmol/L) and poor control (>449 μmol/L) were three.ConclusionsFructosamine measurement is an imperfect surrogate marker for classifying glycaemic control in diabetic dogs and can only complement serial glucose measurements.
Review of investigations of premises housing animals that were linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales between 2009 and 2019
Authors: Smith Richard P. , Newton Katharine , Rimdap Emily , Wight Alan , Robinson Guy , Chalmers Rachel M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Cryptosporidium can be an important human health risk, predominantly causing gastroenteritis. With increased public attendance at commercial and open farms, there is a need to improve the understanding of Cryptosporidium risk on premises that are visited by the public.Methods: This study was designed to explore the animal premises‐related and animal sampling‐related data routinely collected, during 2009–2019, from human outbreak sampling investigations where animal contact was suggested as a source of Cryptosporidium.Results: The results from the 23 eligible investigations indicated a diverse population of animals on the premises and that sheep and cattle, including bottle feeding, were frequently identified as contacts made by the human cases on these premises. Faecal samples from cattle and sheep were found to have a relatively high proportion of positive results and frequently matched the Cryptosporidium species and strain identified in the outbreak cases. Generally, investigations where no positive samples were detected had fewer samples collected.Conclusion: The findings support the advice to prioritise sampling of groups of animals which have been identified as being contacted by the human cases, and to use statistically valid sample size calculations for the number of samples to collect at each investigation.
Rotavirus group C infections in neonatal and grower pigs in Australia
Authors: Roczo‐Farkas Susie , Dunlop R. Hugo , Donato Celeste M. , Kirkwood Carl D. , McOrist Steven 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Rotavirus infections of neonatal and older pigs are widely reported. Analysis of rotavirus group C prevalence and diversity has not previously been reported for Australian pig farms.Methods:Twenty‐seven farms with or without diarrhoea present among neonatal or older pigs were enrolled across eastern Australia. Fresh faecal samples were analysed by ELISA for rotavirus and RNA extractions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and RT‐PCR for rotavirus. Rotavirus group C samples were genotyped via sequencing.Results and conclusions:Rotavirus infection was diagnosed in pigs on 10 of 19 farms investigated for neonatal diarrhoea, four with group A and six with group C; also among post‐weaned (5‐ to 11‐week‐old) diarrhoeic pigs on two farms. Neonatal rotavirus group C infections were exclusively noted in piglets less than 1‐week‐old, consisting of farm infections with a single VP7 genotype (G5 or G6). Infections in post‐weaned pigs were associated with multiple VP7 genotypes (G1, G3). This first report of rotavirus group C infections of Australian pigs suggests they may form a limited population of VP7 genotypes.
What influence do vets have on vaccination decision of dog owners? Results of an online survey
Authors: Schwedinger Elke , Kuhne Franziska , Moritz Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to analyse the influence of veterinary advice as well as other sources of information on vaccination decision of dog owners.MethodsA total of 1480 dog owners participated in this exclusively online conducted survey. Mean comparisons and correlation analyses were performed to check bivariate relationships between general data from the dogs, the dog owners, the vaccination decision making and risk/benefit analyses.ResultsThe results confirm that veterinarians are the most important source of information on vaccination for dog owners. Nevertheless, the World Wide Web including social media has also to be taken into consideration as a strongly influencing factor. Additionally, the availability of serious information about vaccinations on the internet and on social media has to be reconsidered in general by the veterinarian professional sector.ConclusionsVeterinarians should be aware of their significant influence on the owner's decision about vaccination and use this knowledge in a targeted way to achieve a high vaccination rate in order to ensure effective herd immunity. Communication strategies for veterinarians to improve information transfer to dog owners are required.
On the evaluation of two-loop electroweak box diagrams for e+e− → HZ production
Authors: Song Qian , Freitas Ayres 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Precision studies of the Higgs boson at future e+e− colliders can help to shed light on fundamental questions related to electroweak symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, the hierarchy problem, and dark matter. The main production process, e+e−→ HZ, will need to be controlled with sub-percent precision, which requires the inclusion of next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) electroweak corrections. The most challenging class of diagrams are planar and non-planar double-box topologies with multiple massive propagators in the loops. This article proposes a technique for computing these diagrams numerically, by transforming one of the sub-loops through the use of Feynman parameters and a dispersion relation, while standard one-loop formulae can be used for the other sub-loop. This approach can be extended to deal with tensor integrals. The resulting numerical integrals can be evaluated in minutes on a single CPU core, to achieve about 0.1% relative precision.
“Magic through many minor measures”: How introducing a flowline production mode in six steps enables journalist team autonomy in local news organizations
Authors: Hagen Aina Landsverk , Tolstad Ingrid M. , Bygdås Arne Lindseth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile facing cuts, downsizing and revenue losses, media organizations experience paradoxical demands in being organized for print or linear production with daily deadlines and simultaneously striving to be ‘digital first’ and produce and publish stories online on a continuous basis throughout the day. In this paper, we describe efforts applied when introducing the metaphor flowline in a medium-sized newspaper organization in Norway with the aim of aligning their production and publishing processes to readers’ consumption of online news. Both the production volume of journalistic content, reader consumption and the newsroom workers’ experience of mastering their everyday work life increased dramatically in a very short time. The involvement of a temporary autonomous team in the planning and designing of a test pilot aiming to make flowline “as practice”, was integral to the digital transformation success, allowing for participative action across newsroom boundaries. Based on the empirical findings from the local newspaper organization and drawing on theories on liminality (Turner 1982, 1986) and metaphorical work (Schön 1993), this article presents a set of six interrelated steps incorporating a structure for autonomous teams and their role in enabling lasting change in organizations facing digital transformation.
Investigating Factors at Play in Hepatopancreatobiliary Fellowship Selection: Beliefs versus Reality
Authors: Jackson Terence , Lim Joseph S. , Nagatomo Kei , Darwish Muhammad , Cho Edward E. , Osman Houssam , Jeyarajah Dhiresh Rohan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelection biases affecting candidate matches to fellowship programs directly influence diversity within the surgical community. The review of selection bias has never been distinctively investigated in the Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery community. This study seeks to (i) evaluate factors affecting selection of candidates to HPB fellowships, (ii) examine explicit biases among program directors and faculty of HPB programs in North America, and (iii) compare the demography of the HPB faculty and recently graduated fellows to general surgery residents.Study DesignAn anonymous, self‐reported survey consisting of 10 sets of fictional applications was distributed to 52 faculty members, including program directors, of AHPBA‐affiliated HPB fellowships in North America. The respondents had to pick a preferred candidate between two abridged, fictional HPB fellow applications and give an open‐ended response as to why they picked that candidate. The applications were nearly identical with one notable characteristic of interest. Demographic information of both faculty and their recent fellows was also collected. This survey was administered and collected between February and April, 2020.ResultsA total of 29 fully completed responses were received, comprising a 55.7% response rate. Respondents were 72.4% male, 69.0% Caucasian, and 79.3% held US medical degrees (MD). 50.0% of respondents preferred an MD candidate to a DO candidate, and 37% preferred US graduates to foreign‐trained candidates. The respondents were unanimous in stating that gender, race, and family status were not a factor in their selection process. 5.0% said they would support an LGBTQ candidate when faced with otherwise similar applicants. Seventy‐six HPB fellows from the past 5 years were 76.3% male, 56.6% Caucasian, and 51.3% US graduated Doctor of Medicine (US MD).ConclusionThis is the first study explicitly exploring the impact of demographic factors in the HPB fellowship selection process. The respondents unanimously and explicitly stated that race and gender do not play any role in their selection process. Yet, there is stark discordance between general surgery resident demographics and HPB fellow demographics. A greater effort to promote a more diverse HPB surgery community may be needed.
Playing Atari with few neurons
Authors: Cuccu Giuseppe , Togelius Julian , Cudré-Mauroux Philippe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a new method for learning compact state representations and policies separately but simultaneously for policy approximation in vision-based applications such as Atari games. Approaches based on deep reinforcement learning typically map pixels directly to actions to enable end-to-end training. Internally, however, the deep neural network bears the responsibility of both extracting useful information and making decisions based on it, two objectives which can be addressed independently. Separating the image processing from the action selection allows for a better understanding of either task individually, as well as potentially finding smaller policy representations which is inherently interesting. Our approach learns state representations using a compact encoder based on two novel algorithms: (i) Increasing Dictionary Vector Quantization builds a dictionary of state representations which grows in size over time, allowing our method to address new observations as they appear in an open-ended online-learning context; and (ii) Direct Residuals Sparse Coding encodes observations in function of the dictionary, aiming for highest information inclusion by disregarding reconstruction error and maximizing code sparsity. As the dictionary size increases, however, the encoder produces increasingly larger inputs for the neural network; this issue is addressed with a new variant of the Exponential Natural Evolution Strategies algorithm which adapts the dimensionality of its probability distribution along the run. We test our system on a selection of Atari games using tiny neural networks of only 6 to 18 neurons (depending on each game’s controls). These are still capable of achieving results that are not much worse, and occasionally superior, to the state-of-the-art in direct policy search which uses two orders of magnitude more neurons.
The Effect of Intensive Implementation Support on Fidelity for Four Evidence-Based Psychosis Treatments: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Ruud Torleif , Drake Robert E. , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Drivenes Karin , Hartveit Miriam , Heiervang Kristin , Høifødt Tordis S. , Haaland Vegard Ø. , Joa Inge , Johannessen Jan Olav , Johansen Karl Johan , Stensrud Bjørn , Woldsengen Haugom Espen , Clausen Hanne , Biringer Eva , Bond Gary R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Service providers need effective strategies to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) with high fidelity. This study aimed to evaluate an intensive implementation support strategy to increase fidelity to EBP standards in treatment of patients with psychosis.

Methods
The study used a cluster randomized design with pairwise assignment of practices within each of 39 Norwegian mental health clinics. Each site chose two of four practices for implementation: physical health care, antipsychotic medication management, family psychoeducation, illness management and recovery. One practice was assigned to the experimental condition (toolkits, clinical training, implementation facilitation, data-based feedback) and the other to the control condition (manual only). The outcome measure was fidelity to the EBP, measured at baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months, analyzed using linear mixed models and effect sizes.

Results
The increase in fidelity scores (within a range 1–5) from baseline to 18 months was significantly greater for experimental sites than for control sites for the combined four practices, with mean difference in change of 0.86 with 95% CI (0.21; 1.50), p = 0.009). Effect sizes for increase in group difference of mean fidelity scores were 2.24 for illness management and recovery, 0.68 for physical health care, 0.71 for antipsychotic medication management, and 0.27 for family psychoeducation. Most improvements occurred during the first 12 months.

Conclusions
Intensive implementation strategies (toolkits, clinical training, implementation facilitation, data-based feedback) over 12 months can facilitate the implementation of EBPs for psychosis treatment. The approach may be more effective for some practices than for others.
Ethnomethodological Misreading of Aron Gurwitsch on the Phenomenal Field
Authors: Garfinkel Harold 
Published: April 2021

Editors’ AbstractDuring the 1992–1993 academic year, Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011) offered a graduate seminar on Ethnomethodology in the Sociology Department at the University of California, Los Angeles. One topic that was given extensive coverage in the seminar has not been discussed at much length in Garfinkel’s published works to date: Aron Gurwitsch’s treatment of Gestalt theory, and particularly the themes of “phenomenal field” and “praxeological description”. The edited transcript of Garfinkel’s seminar shows why he recommended that “for the serious initiatives of ethnomethodological investigations […] Gurwitsch is a theorist we can’t do without”. Garfinkel’s ethnomethodological “misreading” is not a mistaken reading, but is more a matter of taking Gurwitsch’s phenomenological demonstrations of Gestalt contextures in phenomenal fields and transposing them for making detailed, concrete observations and descriptions of organizationally achieved social phenomena. Where Gurwitsch addresses the organization of perception as an autochthonous achievement, inherent to the stream and field of individual consciousness, Garfinkel extends and elaborates this field into the social world of enacted practices. The April 1993 seminar also is rich with brief asides and digressions in which Garfinkel comments about his use of Alfred Schutz, his attitude toward publishing, his relationship with Erving Goffman, and many other matters.
SDP-Based Robust Formation-Containment Coordination of Swarm Robotic Systems with Input Saturation
Authors: Wu Kefan , Hu Junyan , Lennox Barry , Arvin Farshad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are many potential applications of swarm robotic systems in real-world scenarios. In this paper, formation-containment controller design for single-integrator and double-integrator swarm robotic systems with input saturation is investigated. The swarm system contains two types of robots—leaders and followers. A novel control protocol and an implementation algorithm are proposed that enable the leaders to achieve the desired formation via semidefinite programming (SDP) techniques. The followers then converge into the convex hull formed by the leaders simultaneously. In contrast to conventional consensus-based formation control methods, the relative formation reference signal is not required in the real-time data transmission, which provides greater feasibility for implementation on hardware platforms. The effectiveness of the proposed formation-containment control algorithm is demonstrated with both numerical simulations and experiments using real robots that utilize the miniature mobile robot, Mona.