bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure Challenge in T2DM
Authors: Elmaraghi Osama 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress.1
There are 463 million patient with diabetes mellitus all over the world .2 People with diabetes have a 2- to 5-fold higher risk of developing HF3, On the other hand more than 30% of patients with heart failure also have diabetes. Patients with heart failure and diabetes have a worse prognosis than those without diabetes4.
UKPDs, Accord and advance trials showed that Intensive glycaemic control has not been shown to significantly impact the risk of HF.5,6
SGLT2 inhibitor is a new class of drugs to treat diabetes by inhibiting SGT2 decreases glucose reabsorption and increases urinary glucose excretion, improving glucose control in the diabetic patient.7
At 2015 EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial showed that Empagliflozin in addition to reduction of HBa1c, reduced the 3MAC by 14%, CV death by 38% and HHF by 35%.
Is these cardiovascular benefit were a chance? 8
Then DECLARE-TMI58, CNVAS and VIRTIS trials showed that Dapagliflizon, Canagliflozin and ertuglifozin respectively in addition to reduction of HBa1c, reduce HHFso it is a class effect. 9,10,11
Because in these trials starting treatment at the preclinical stage may prevent HF progression and improve outcomes.

Objective
We have 3 questions to be answered:
There are 4 trials to answer these Questions
DAPA HF, DELIVER, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR –Preserved.
DAPA-HF and EMPEROR –Reduced include patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, diabetic and non-diabetic the result of both was reduce the risk of worsening HF or death from cardiovascular causes regardless of the presence or absence of DM. 10,11

Conclusion
The results of these trials FDA Approves Dapagliflozin for low EF-Heart Failure in diabetic and Non-diabetic. FDA had granted Fast Track status for empagliflozin. Waiting the result of other trials.12
Prospective Descriptive Study to Evaluate the Impact of Clinical Pharmacist in Antiplatelet Utilization and Safety in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Nematalla Hisham Ah , Wafaie Rasha , Elaziz Enas Abd , Ghoneem Asser , Elaaty Ahmed Abd 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the interventions associated with integration of a clinical pharmacist for antiplatelets best utilization and safety as multidisciplinary team approach is recommended to improve patient outcomes.

Methods
prospective observational study on coronary heart diseases patients (stable angina, unstable angina, MI, post PCI or post CABG) on antiplatelets therapy (single antiplatelet; SAPT, or dual antiplatelet; DAPT) at governmental and private hospitals. Detailing pharmacist-initiated interventions targeting pharmacotherapy optimization (Dose, duplicate and interactions), also adverse effects detection, and hospital re-admission (re-event of coronary insufficiency). Collecting patients' data by interviews and hospital records using validated check list. Statistical software IBM SPSS software package version 20.0, The Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to verify the normality of distribution of variables, Mann Whitney test was used to compare between two categories for not normally distributed quantitative variables. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare different categories for abnormally distributed quantitative variables. Spearman coefficient was used to correlate between quantitative variables. Linear Regression was used to detect the most affecting factor for affecting DAPT score and Precise DAPT. Significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level, calculate sample size by G Power3.

Results
There is a significant correlation between cardiac related readmission and Precise DAPT score (P = 0.013).A statistically significant correlation is found between smoking and DAPT score (p = 0.015) but not with precise DAPT (P = 0.152). Also a significant linear association exists between DAPT type and DAPT score, for Aspirin + Clopidogrel (P = 0.010) (95%CI=-1.000 (-1.754 – -0.246), Aspirin + Ticagrilor (P = 0.012) (95%CI= 1.001 (0.228 – 1.774). The highly significant influencing variable in both scores, is the dose value, for DAPT score (P = 0.038), Precise DAPT (P = 0.001). The distribution of Myocardial infarction as cardiac related readmission and smoking are higher in males than females without statistically significant difference (P = 0.08), (P = 0.39), the absence of adverse effects and bleeding events is statistically significant in DAPT score (P = 0.041, 95%CI=1.706 (0.071 – 3.341) & precise DAPT score (P = 0.002, 95% CI= -15.95 (-25.832 – -6.074).

Conclusions
Impact of a clinical pharmacist within cardiology department generated substantial pharmacotherapy optimization which improve the medication adherence, safety and clinical outcomes. Our study suggests pre-calculating DAPT and precise DAPT for all patients before treatment and commitment on DAPT period administration may decrease re-admission rate of patients.
Study of Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Predictors in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hamada Sally youssef , El Hoshy Mohamed Saeed , El Hoshy Mona Saeed , Eshmawey Heba Ahmed , Gharraf Heba Said 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most common complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PH in COPD is caused by many factors mainly hypoxia.

Aim
The aim was to assess prevalence and predictors of PH in COPD patients.

Patients and methods
A prospective, observational study was carried out on 100 patients diagnosed with COPD admitted at chest department of Alexandria university hospitals and Al. Mamoura chest hospital. All patients were subjected to complete medical history taking (Age, sex, smoking index, history of previous hospital admission for COPD exacerbation and history of previous ICU admission for the same reason), routine laboratory investigations including complete blood count (CBC), arterial blood gases (ABG), pulmonary function test (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio), Body mass index(BMI), six minute walk test, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, dyspnea assessment by modified Medical Research Council(m MRC) and Echocardiography relevant data (right atrial area, left atrial size, ejection fraction, valvular heart disease, PH, right ventricular function TAPSE (Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and tricuspid regurge velocity if present.

Results
A total of 100 COPD patients were included in the study 88 (88%) were males and 12 (12%) were females. Among patients with pulmonary hypertension 32 (94.1%) were males and 2 (5.9%) were females.
On the other hand, 84.8%(n = 56) of patients without PH were males and 15.2%(n = 10) were females. Mean ± SD age of the patients was 60.12 ± 8.59 years. Mean ±SD age of the patients with pulmonary hypertension was 61.26±7.97 years, and for patients without PH mean± SD was 59.53 ± 8.88 years. With no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
PH was diagnosed in 34 (34%) of patients, m PAP ≥25mmHg, of whom11 (32.4%) showed severe PH m PAP ≥40mmHg, 23 (67.6%) mild, moderate PH.

Conclusion
Although, the most important factors predicting PH in COPD patients were FEV1 and EF, respectively, but in COPD patients with severe PH was FEV1.
Transcatheter Closure of Residual and Iatrogenic Ventricular Septal Defects: Tertiary Center Experience and Outcome
Authors: Taha Fatma A , Alnozha Fareed , Amoudi Osama , Almutairi Mansour , Abuelatta Reda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to review our center experience in transcatheter closure of post-surgical and post-intervention residual and iatrogenic VSDs and to report on their 12-month long-term outcome.

Methods
All patients who underwent transcatheter closure of residual ventricular septal defects (R-VSDs) and iatrogenic ventricular septal defects (I-VSDs) after either surgical corrections or transcatheter interventions for any congenital heart disease (CHD) between January 2015 and January 2020 were included in the study. Patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
Twenty-three patients with a mean age of 14.3 ± 8.8 years, a mean weight of 36.2 ± 20.4 Kg, and a mean body surface area of 1.18 ± 0.36 m2 were included. Thirteen (56.5%) patients were males. The VSD was residual in 18 (78.3%) patients and iatrogenic in 5 (21.7%) patients, post-operative in 19 (82.6%) patients and post-transcatheter in 4 (17.4%) patients. The remaining VSD site was peri-membranous in 9 (39.1%) patients, high-muscular in 6 (26.1%) patients, mid-muscular in 4 (17.4%) patients, and Gerbode shunt in 4 (17.4%) patients. The QP/QS ratio was 2.5 ± 0.7, and the VSD diameter was 6.1±2.1 mm with a VSD-aorta rim of 5.4 ± 2.0 mm. Most, 16 (71.43%) patients underwent antegrade device deployment, and 7 (28.57%) patients underwent retrograde transaortic device deployment, with only 3 (13.0%) patients required two devices/patient. Amplatzer™ Muscular VSD devices were used in 16 (69.6%) patients, Amplatzer™ Duct occlude-I devices were used in 4 (17.4%) patients, and Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder-II devices were used in 3 (13.0%) patients with a mean device size of 8.8 ± 2.8 mm. The mean procedural time was 55.1 ± 16.2 minutes, fluoroscopy time was 16.3 ± 4.0 minutes, and the contrast used was 33.8 ± 10.9 ml. Concomitant balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was done at the same catheterization set in 2 (8.7%) patients. Acute procedural success, satisfactory immediate were achieved in all patients. During follow-up (23.3 ± 15.9 months), no patient required re-intervention or exhibited mortality.

Conclusions
Transcatheter closure of post-operative, and post-intervention residual and iatrogenic VSDs represents an attractive therapeutic approach. This approach is safe, feasible, effective, and less invasive alternative treatment option for such remaining VSDs.
Value of Copeptin Measurement as A Novel Biomarker for Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Hassanein Mahmoud M , Sadaka Mohammed A , Mokhtar Ahmed , Eldabbah Nermeen , Mubarak Eman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Copeptin, C-terminal segment of pro-arginine vasopressin, is expected to be a strong novel biomarker for prognosis in acute heart failure (AHF).

Aim
Evaluate the prognostic role of copeptin in AHF either de novo or on top of chronic heart failure and its correlation with adverse cardiac events.

Methods
The study included 45 patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) to assess the relationship of serum copeptin level on admission and 72 hours after admission with adverse cardiac events (death, re-hospitalization and arrhythmias) in patients hospitalized with ADHF between May 2019 and November 2019 with median follow up period 6 months.

Results
In this study, 15 patients died, re-admission for heart failure occurred in 22 patients and arrhythmias were documented in 14 patients with atrial fibrillation (n = 9) and ventricular arrhythmias (n = 5). Mortality rate was higher among the elderly, smokers and patients with higher heart rate, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, more frequent arrhythmias, impaired kidney function and higher copeptin level. Furthermore, copeptin level at day 1 with cutoff value of &gt; 2.54 pmol/l predicted mortality with sensitivity of 86.67% and specificity of 53.33% while at day 3 copeptin level with cutoff value &gt; 2.74 pmol/l predicted mortality with sensitivity of 93.33% and specificity of 83.33%. Finally, change in copeptin level between day 1 and day 3 was associated with increased mortality. (p&lt;0.001)

Conclusion
Serum copeptin is suggested to be a strong biomarker to predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Surface motion of an arbitrary number of semi-circular viscoelastic alluvial valleys for incident planeSHwaves
Authors: Zhang Ning , Pan Jiasuo , Gao Yufeng , Chen Xin , Dai Denghui , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYA semi-analytical treatment of the seismic response of an arbitrary number of semi-circular viscoelastic alluvial valleys (including an infinite number of periodically distributed ones) in an elastic half-space under obliquely incident plane SH waves is presented. In terms of a radial wave function expansion and a region matching approach, a rigorous solution is derived for general computation for the anti-plane shear wave scattering problem. Upon confirmation of its accuracy with past solutions for single and twin elastic alluvial valleys, the proposed solution is used to present a comprehensive set of numerical examples to illustrate the sensitivity of the ground motion to the size, distribution, modulus, damping, and number of multiple alluvial valleys and frequency and direction of incident waves. It is found that the magnitudes of ground motions of a central alluvial valley are intensified and reduced by the surrounding valleys for vertical and grazing wave incidences, respectively. In addition, the duration of ground motions of the central alluvial valley tends to be prolonged due to the incoming secondary waves generated by surrounding valleys.
Passive-seismic image-domain elastic wavefield tomography
Authors: Oren Can , Shragge Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Elastic time-reverse imaging offers a robust wavefield-based approach for locating microseismic events; however, event location accuracy greatly depends on the veracity of the elastic velocity models (i.e. VP and VS) used for wave propagation. In this study, we propose a methodology for microseismic image-domain wavefield tomography using the elastic wave equation and zero-lag and extended source images, the focusing of which is used as a quality control metric for velocity models. The objective function is designed to measure the focusing of time-reversed microseismic energy in zero-lag and extended event images. The function applies penalty operators to source images to highlight poorly focused residual energy caused by backpropagation through erroneous velocity models. Minimizing the objective function leads to a model optimization problem aimed at improving the image-focusing quality. P- and S-wave velocity model updates are computed using the adjoint-state method and build on the zero-lag and extended image residuals that satisfy the differential semblance optimization criterion. Synthetic experiments demonstrate that one can construct accurate elastic velocity models using the proposed method, which can significantly improve the focusing of imaged events leading to, for example, enhanced fluid-injection programs.
Comment on “Salmon lice-induced mortality of Atlantic salmon post-smolt during migration in Norway” by Johnsen et al. (2021)
Authors: Jansen Peder A , Gjerde Bjarne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Johnsen et al. (2021) present a model that predicts lice-induced mortality of virtual post-smolt (VPS) Atlantic salmon migrating from 401 Norwegian salmon rivers. An important feature of this model is that the source of lice is farmed salmon. The model predicts lice-induced mortalities exceeding 30% for VPS from 82 rivers, 10–30% for 140 rivers, and less than 10% for 179 rivers. These are high numbers and have contributed to mandatory reductions in the production of farmed salmon in two of the 13 management areas in Norway. In this comment, the model used by Johnsen et al. (2021) is evaluated. Mortality estimates from observed lice numbers on post-smolts caught by trawling in outer fjord areas are compared with the model predicted mortalities for VPS migrating from rivers draining into the corresponding fjords. It is found that Johnsen et al. (2021) systematically overestimates lice-induced mortality for VPS compared to estimates from trawled smolt from corresponding fjords. The present analysis thus contradicts the concluding remark in Johnsen et al. (2021), that: “The estimated lice level on modelled post-smolts is shown to coincide with the level observed on captured wild post-smolt”.
Electric vehicle manufacturers’ decisions on investing in carbon-reduction technology under government subsidy: a Cournot game model
Authors: Liu Jing , Nie Jiajia , Yuan Hongping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo reduce carbon emissions in the electric vehicle (EV) market, the Chinese government has issued a subsidy scheme involving a subsidy threshold that is quite different from the fixed subsidy. This study aims to investigate competing EV manufacturers’ decisions on carbon-reduction (CR) technology investment under the subsidy threshold. We construct a Cournot game model involving two competitive EV manufacturers. The results show that decisions of the two EV manufacturers on investing in CR technology vary under different subsidy thresholds. Particularly, they would make the same investment decisions when the subsidy threshold is low or large, but achieve the opposite investment decisions when the subsidy threshold is intermediate. In the benchmark model where there is only one EV manufacturer, an EV manufacturer could always increase its profit from investing in CR technology when the subsidy threshold is low. In the Cournot model where there are two competing manufacturers, however, they may get involved in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and both manufacturers could suffer economic losses from CR technology investment.
Contracting for Work in Tourism and Catering in Greece: Beyond a State/Market Dichotomy
Authors: Ioannou Gregoris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drawing on a case study of contemporary employment relations in tourism and catering in Greece, this paper seeks to contribute to our empirical understanding of employment law. Which factors determine the ways in which the law is perceived by employers and workers and complied with, breached or avoided? The main argument of the paper is that not only market forces are relevant here; several other factors need to be taken into consideration, which when combined with market forces can re-regulate as well as deregulate the field of employment. These tend to be informal, locally embedded and influenced by wider social relations. By constructing a simple matrix of employment settings based on locale and seasonality on one axis, and size of enterprise and scope of services provided on the other, the paper demonstrates how organisational and spatial parameters and the social environment interact with market forces and legal forces to shape prevailing norms and to influence the behaviour of parties to the contract for work. It further demonstrates that the structuring of the sectoral labour market is a process determined by broader social power dynamics. Beyond serving as part of the context within which contracting for work takes place, legal rules are a resource to be mobilised by both employers and workers.
7 Behavioral Indicators of Post-weaning Stress Susceptibility in Cross-fostered Pigs
Authors: Sommer Dominique M , Young Jennifer M , Byrd Christopher J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cross-fostering is a common swine husbandry practice; however, little research has focused on the effects of foster stress on piglets post-weaning. This study evaluated the effect of cross-fostering on behavioral indicators of post-weaning stress susceptibility. Litters (n = 40) were allocated to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON) and foster. Three piglets (FOS) from each CON litter were randomly selected and moved to a foster litter 12–24 h post-farrowing, where they were nursed along resident (RES) piglets until weaning (approximately 18 d of age). At 21- and 28-d post-weaning, a male and female piglet from each treatment (FOS, RES, CON) underwent 1 of 2 behavior tests: social isolation and social confrontation. Both tests were conducted in an isolated 1.22 × 1.22 m novel pen. For social isolation, escape attempts, movement between floor quadrants (i.e. locomotion), defecation, and urination events were counted. For social confrontation, the latency to first aggressive interaction and the number of aggressive interactions were quantified. All data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS. The CON piglets moved between quadrants more frequently than RES piglets (P = 0.02), while FOS piglets moved between quadrants intermediate to (but not different from) CON and RES piglets (P = 0.44 and 0.12, respectively). Females moved between quadrants more frequently than males (P &lt; 0.0001). The latency to first aggressive interaction was shorter in FOS piglets compared to CON piglets (P = 0.048). There was a treatment by sex interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for number of aggressive interactions, with CON and RES females having more aggressive interactions than their male counterparts (P = 0.04 for both) while FOS females had fewer aggressive interactions than FOS males (P = 0.007). No additional differences were detected (all P &gt; 0.05). Overall, these results provide little evidence that FOS piglets exhibit an increase in behavioral stress susceptibility post-weaning. However, future work should expand upon and clarify the social confrontation findings.
8 Effects of a Bovine Appeasing Substance Application at Weaning on Temperament and Growth of Bos Indicus Influenced Heifers
Authors: Viera Douglas G , Ranches Juliana , Vedovatto Marcelo , Pirota Giovana G , Cappellozza Bruno I , Canutoce Nelson , Pereira Thais G , Yshiayam Luís Fernando , Henrique Thomas , Fernandes Henrique J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a synthetic analogue of the bovine appeasing pheromone (i.e. bovine appeasing substance; BAS) on growth and temperament of heifers. At weaning (d 0), 30 heifers (Aberdeen Angus ′ Nelore; 8 ± 1 mo) were stratified by body weight (199.8 ± 16 kg) and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of BAS (n = 15; SecureCattle; Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil) or saline (CON; n = 15; saline 0.9% NaCl). Treatments (5 ml) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal on d0. Body weight was collected on d 0, 6, 15, 45, and 150. Chute score (1 to 5; 1 = calm, no movement; 5 = violent and continuous struggling) and chute entrance and exit score (1 to 3; 1 = slow; 3 = fast) were collected on d 0, 2, 6, 15, 45 and 150. Scores were averaged across 4 trained technicians. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Heifers assigned to BAS had greater (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than heifers assigned to CON treatment from d 6 to 15 (2.35 and 1.88 kg/d ± 0.16) and from d 15 to 45 (1.79 vs. 1.56 kg/d ± 0.08). Heifers assigned to BAS had lower (P &lt; 0.01) chute entrance score on d 6, 15, and 45, and chute exit score on d 2 to 45 (P = 0.05) when compared to heifers assigned to CON. Additionally, heifers assigned to BAS tended (P = 0.08) to have lower chute score, from d 1 to 150 than heifers assigned to CON. The application of BAS at weaning improved heifers ADG, likely due to an improvement in temperament, suggesting that BAS application has calming effects in the beef cattle herd.