bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Life‐changing surgery’: English‐language news media representation of selective dorsal rhizotomy
Authors: Paget Simon Paul , Campbell Lani , Blaxland Anneliese , Lewis Jennifer , Morrow Angela Mary , Wimalasundera Neil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a neurosurgical intervention to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Parents researching SDR for their child may be influenced by framing of SDR in news media articles they read. This study examined framing of SDR in English‐language news media.MethodsContent analysis of English‐language news media articles including the search term ‘rhizotomy’ in the Factiva database published July 2015 to July 2018 in online or print form in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, United States of America and the United Kingdom.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐six articles were identified describing 91 different children (45 male), almost all with cerebral palsy, median age 4 years old. One hundred and twenty‐six articles were written prior to surgery; in many articles, SDR surgery involved travel overseas and/or fundraising. SDR was described universally in positive terms with little discussion of risks. Content of articles variably included the specialized nature of SDR, parental frustration with their local health system and their hope for positive outcomes. There was geographical variation in both numbers of articles and content.ConclusionsSDR is a common focus in cerebral palsy news media articles in some countries. Framing in these articles supports SDR as a beneficial and specialized procedure and may lead families to believe they need to work outside their local health systems. As news media are likely an important influence on families' attitudes to SDR, clinicians should be aware of this influence.
Acculturation and dental sealant use among US children
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Findley Patricia A. , Shen Chan , Dwibedi Nilanjana , Sambamoorthi Usha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesHealthcare (including dental care) service use is influenced by predisposing, enabling and need factors. One area with limited research is the association of acculturation (defined as behavioural changes in the adaptation to another culture) as a predisposing factor for dental care preventive service use. Preventive service use is a primary objective of Healthy People, 2030. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of acculturation with the preventive dental service use of dental pit‐and‐fissure sealant placement, among children in the United States, ages 6‐18 years.MethodsA cross‐sectional, secondary data analysis study was completed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013‐2016 data. NHANES is a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized individuals across the United States. In the data set, children, ages 6‐18 years, had been evaluated for pit‐and‐fissure dental sealant use. Information that served as proxies for acculturation was length of stay in the United States (a citizen at the time of the survey; not a citizen and in the country <5 years; or not a citizen and in the country ≥5 years) and whether English was spoken at home (yes; no). Data were analysed for descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine strength of the associations. Odds ratios for pit‐and‐fissure sealants among groups were determined.ResultsThere were 2220 children participants whose data were used for this study. Less than half (45.5%) had received dental pit‐and‐fissure sealants. A majority (53.3%) were white and were ages 12‐18 years (51.6%). The mean number of dental pit‐and‐fissure sealants among all children was 5.5. There was a lower percentage of children living in the United States <5 years who had received pit‐and‐fissure sealants than children who were citizens of the United States (22.2% vs 48.9%, respectively). The adjusted odds ratio was lower for dental pit‐and‐fissure sealants among children who were in the United States <5 years than children who were citizens of the United States (adjusted odds ratio, 0.38; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.24, 0.58).ConclusionsIn this study, children who had lived in the United States <5 years were less likely to have pit‐and‐fissure sealants than children who were citizens of the United States. There is a need to reach all children with preventive services to improve dental quality of life, reduce the need for dental restorations and decrease overall financial burden regardless of time in the United States.
Recurrence and colon cancer‐specific death in patients with large bowel obstruction requiring urgent operation: a competing risks analysis
Authors: Adams Katie , Chapuis Pierre H. , Keshava Anil , Rickard Matthew J. F. X. , Stewart Peter , Suen Michael , Chan Charles , Dent Owen F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimClinical presentation with large bowel obstruction has been proposed as a predictor of poor long‐term oncological outcomes after resection for colorectal cancer. This study examines the association between obstruction and recurrence and cancer‐specific death after resection for colon cancer.MethodConsecutive patients who underwent resection for colon cancer between 1995 and 2014 were drawn from a prospectively recorded hospital database with all surviving patients followed for at least 5 years. The outcomes of tumour recurrence and colon cancer‐specific death were assessed by competing risks multivariable techniques with adjustment for potential clinical and pathological confounding variables.ResultsRecurrence occurred in 271 of 1485 patients who had a potentially curative resection. In bivariate analysis, obstruction was significantly associated with recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.23, CI 1.52–3.26, p < 0.001] but this association became nonsignificant after adjustment for confounders (HR 1.53, CI 0.95–2.46, p = 0.080). Colon cancer‐specific death occurred in 238 of 295 patients who had a noncurative resection. Obstruction was not significantly associated with cancer‐specific death (HR 1.02, CI 0.72–1.45, p = 0.903). In patients who had a noncurative resection, the competing risks incidence of colon cancer‐specific death was not significantly greater in obstructed than in unobstructed patients (HR 1.02, CI 0.72–1.45, p = 0.903).ConclusionWhilst the immediate clinical challenge of an individual patient presenting with large bowel obstruction must be addressed by the surgeon, the patient's long‐term oncological outcomes are unrelated to obstruction per se.
LigaSure™ haemorrhoidectomy and the risk of postoperative bleeding
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jordan R. , Yoon Dong , Lai Rachel , Ault Glenn , Ortega Adrian , Lee Sang W. , Cologne Kyle G. , Koller Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimLigaSure™ is an electro‐surgical device that has increasingly been utilized in haemorrhoid surgery. However, recent literature has highlighted a possible increased risk of delayed postoperative bleeding following LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy (LH). We aim to evaluate the rates of postoperative bleeding following LigaSure compared to Ferguson (closed) haemorrhoidectomy (FH).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken at our single academic safety‐net county hospital from August 2016 through July 2019 evaluating patients who received FH or LH. Patient demographics, surgical data, postoperative emergency department visit for pain or bleeding within 30 days and resulting transfusion requirement, and rates of readmission and interventions within 30 days were collected.ResultsSixty‐one FH and 66 LH patients were identified. The groups had no difference in demographics. The LH group and FH group had similar rates of postoperative emergency department visits (29% vs. 23%, P = 0.454), as well as visits for bleeding (20% vs. 11%, P = 0.204). The average operating time was also significantly shorter with LH (14.5 min vs. 24.9 min, P ≤ 0.001). On multivariate analysis, male sex (OR 7.28, 95% CI 1.88–28.25) and haemorrhoid grade ≤2 (OR 4.64, 95% CI 1.31–16.49) were significantly associated with postoperative bleeding on multivariate analysis. Use of LH was not independently associated with postoperative bleeding risk (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.70–5.11).ConclusionsLH and FH have similar risks for postoperative bleeding and other complications. Male sex and haemorrhoid Grades 1 or 2 may be associated with increased postoperative bleeding risk. Excisional haemorrhoidectomy should be undertaken with caution for male patients with lower internal haemorrhoid grades.
The role of small and medium enterprise and family business distinctions in decision‐making: Insights from the farm echelon
Authors: Darby Jessica L. , Fugate Brian S. , Murray Jeff B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) and family businesses are ubiquitous in global supply chains but differ from large corporations along several dimensions touted as likely to influence their approach to supply chain management. Yet, little research exists that empirically examines how SME and family business distinctions manifest in operations and supply chain management (OSCM) decision‐making. Our study begins to address this important gap by investigating OSCM decisions in the farm echelon—a challenging but critical echelon overwhelmingly composed of small and midsize family farms. Using the hermeneutic method, we delve into the minds of 18 farmers to explore how SME and family business distinctions influence their production and storage decisions. We further examine how these distinctions interact with elements of the supply chain and the institutional environment in which farmers are embedded. Our contextualized understanding offers important implications for supply chain theory, practice, and public policy. We also provide timely guidance on the farmer's perspective amidst increased demands for a farm‐to‐fork experience.
Socioeconomic status, home mathematics environment and math achievement in kindergarten: A mediation analysis
Authors: Muñez David , Bull Rebecca , Lee Kerry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that parents’ practices contribute to their children's cognitive development and that such practices may reflect SES disparities. This study investigated longitudinal interrelations between home mathematics environment (HME), children's math achievement, and two facets of SES (mother's educational attainment and household income—subsidy status) during the first year in kindergarten (n = 500 children; Mage at T1 = 57.3 months, SD = 3.8). Results revealed that these facets of SES operated through different mechanisms in kindergarten—the association between mothers’ education and math growth at the end of K1 is fully mediated by HME and children's baseline math knowledge. Furthermore, only home math activities that explicitly supported the understanding of addition and subtraction contributed to children's math growth independently of SES background. The pattern of longitudinal associations suggests that the provision of home math activities may reflect children's mathematical abilities rather than SES disparities.
Changes in plasma and urine metabolites associated with empagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Sridhar Vikas S. , Montemayor Daniel , Lovblom Leif Erik , Lytvyn Yuliya , Ye Hongping , Kim Jiwan , Ali Mir Tariq , Scarr Daniel , Lawler Patrick R. , Perkins Bruce A. , Sharma Kumar , Cherney David Z. I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on plasma and urine metabolites in participants with type 1 diabetes.Material and MethodsParticipants (n = 40, 50% male, mean age 24.3 years) with type 1 diabetes and without overt evidence of diabetic kidney disease had baseline assessments performed under clamped euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, on two consecutive days. Participants then proceeded to an 8‐week, open‐label treatment period with empagliflozin 25 mg/day, followed by repeat assessments under clamped euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Plasma and urine metabolites were first grouped into metabolic pathways using MetaboAnalyst software. Principal component analysis was performed to create a representative value for each sufficiently represented metabolic group (false discovery rate ≤ 0.1) for further analysis.ResultsOf the plasma metabolite groups, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (P < .0001), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (P = .0045), butanoate (P < .0001), propanoate (P = .0053), and alanine, aspartate and glutamate (P < .0050) metabolites were increased after empagliflozin treatment under clamped euglycaemia. Of the urine metabolite groups, only butanoate metabolites (P = .0005) were significantly increased. Empagliflozin treatment also attenuated the increase in a number of urine metabolites observed with acute hyperglycaemia.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin was associated with increased lipid and TCA cycle metabolites in participants with type 1 diabetes, suggesting a shift in metabolic substrate use and improved mitochondrial function. These effects result in more efficient energy production and may contribute to end‐organ protection by alleviating local hypoxia and oxidative stress.
Antiseizure effects of the cannabinoids in the amygdala‐kindling model
Authors: Fallah Merrick S. , Dlugosz Lukasz , Scott Brian W. , Thompson Miles D. , Burnham W. McIntyre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveFocal impaired awareness seizures (FIASs) are the most common seizure type in adults and are often refractory to medication. Management of FIASs is clinically challenging, and new interventions are needed for better seizure control. The amygdala‐kindling model is a preclinical model of FIASs with secondary generalization. The present study assessed the efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD), ∆9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and a combination of CBD and THC in a 15:1 ratio at suppressing focal and secondarily generalized seizures in the amygdala‐kindled rat.MethodsFully kindled, male Sprague Dawley rats, with bipolar electrodes implanted in the right amygdala, were given either CBD (0–320 mg/kg), THC (0–40 mg/kg), or a combination of CBD and THC (15:1 ratio, multiple doses) intraperitoneally. Suprathreshold kindling stimulation was administered 1 h (THC) or 2 h (CBD) after drug injection, and outcomes were assessed using focal electroencephalographic recording and the Racine seizure scale.ResultsCBD alone produced a partial suppression of both generalized seizures (median effective dose [ED50] = 283 mg/kg) and focal seizures (ED40= 320 mg/kg) at doses that did not produce ataxia. THC alone also produced partial suppression of generalized (ED50= 10 mg/kg) and focal (ED50= 30 mg/kg) seizures, but doses of 10 mg/kg and above produced hypolocomotion, although not ataxia. The addition of a low dose of THC to CBD (15:1) left‐shifted the CBD dose–response curve, producing much lower ED50s for both generalized (ED50= 26 + 1.73 mg/kg) and focal (ED50= 40 + 2.66 mg/kg) seizures. No ataxia or hypolocomotion was seen at these doses of the CBD + THC combination.SignificanceCBD and THC both have antiseizure properties in the amygdala‐kindling model, although THC produces suppression of the amygdala focus only at doses that produce hypolocomotion. The addition of small amounts of THC greatly improves the effectiveness of CBD. A combination of CBD and THC might be useful for the management of FIASs.
Prediction of seizure recurrence risk following discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Contento Margherita , Bertaccini Bruno , Biggi Martina , Magliani Matteo , Failli Ylenia , Rosati Eleonora , Massacesi Luca , Paganini Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveDiscontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in seizure‐free patients is an important goal because of possible long‐term side effects and the social stigma burden of epilepsy. The purpose of this work was to assess seizure recurrence risk after suspension of AEDs, to evaluate predictors for recurrence, and to investigate the recovery of seizure control after relapse. In addition, the accuracy of a previously published prediction model of seizure recurrence risk was estimated.MethodsSeizure‐free patients with epilepsy who had discontinued AEDs were retrospectively enrolled. The frequency of seizure relapses after AED withdrawal as well as prognosis after recurrence were assessed and the predictive role of baseline clinical‐demographic variables was evaluated. The aforementioned prediction model was also validated and its accuracy assessed at different seizure‐relapse probability levels.ResultsThe enrolled patients (n = 133) had been followed for a median of 3 years (range 0.8–33 years) after AED discontinuation; 60 (45%) of them relapsed. Previous febrile seizures in childhood (hazard ratio [HR] 3.927; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.403–10.988), a seizure‐free period on therapy of less than 2 years (HR 2.313; 95% CI 1.193–4.486), and persistent motor deficits (HR 4.568; 95% CI 1.412–14.772) were the clinical features associated with relapse risk in univariate analysis. Among these variables, only a seizure‐free period on therapy of less than 2 years was associated with seizure recurrence in multivariate analysis (HR 2.365; 95% CI 1.178–4.7444). Pharmacological control of epilepsy was restored in 82.4% of the patients who relapsed. In this population, the aforementioned prediction model showed an unsatisfactory accuracy.SignificanceA period of freedom from seizure on therapy of less than 2 years was the main predictor of seizure recurrence. The accuracy of the previously described prediction tool was low in this cohort, thus suggesting its cautious use in real‐world clinical practice.
Summer study abroad in Japan: Maximizing intercultural competency development through self‐guided cultural exploration and reflection tasks
Authors: Fukuda Makiko , Nishikawa Chávez Katsuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes how self‐guided cultural exploration and reflection (SCER) tasks affect the development of intercultural competency (ICC) of students participating in a study abroad program. The Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (IES) was used to measure students' ICC development before and after a 6‐week faculty‐led study abroad program in Japan. The SCER tasks encouraged students to examine Japanese history, cuisine, politics, architecture, economy, communication style, and behaviors, and gain a sophisticated understanding of the Japanese culture through the lens of unique Japanese perspectives. The results reveal significant gains in overall IES scales, in particular, student's continuous learning and interpersonal engagement saw the most change. Analysis of student reflections further demonstrates the positive impact of culturally bridging experiences on self‐awareness and cultural exploration. We argue that the impact of perspective‐shifting practices, combined with students' first‐hand intercultural experience improves student's level of hardiness. Finally, student reflections reveal the important role that the SCER tasks have on initiating a meaningful dialogue with their host families.
LABOR MARKET SEARCH, INFORMALITY, AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENTS
Authors: Bobba Matteo , Flabbi Luca , Levy Santiago 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe develop a search and matching model where jobs can be formal or informal. Workers choose schooling and search for jobs. Firms post vacancies in each schooling market and decide the job's formality status. Upon meeting, workers and firms bargain over wages. The equilibrium size of the informal sector is an endogenous function of labor market fundamentals and institutions. We estimate the model using labor force survey data from Mexico and exploiting the exogenous variation induced by a noncontributory social program. Counterfactual experiments show that eliminating informal jobs increases schooling investments but decreases welfare for both workers and firms.
Progressive legislation but lukewarm policies: The Brazilian response to Venezuelan displacement
Authors: Zapata Gisela P. , Tapia Wenderoth Vicente 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFleeing from the country's humanitarian crisis, around 224,000 Venezuelans, half of whom requested protection as refugees, had crossed the border into Brazil as of December 2019. The paper uses a case study approach combining quantitative and documentary evidence to systematically examine the Brazilian political‐institutional response to this mass displacement. Although Brazil has been internationally praised as a model, its policy response has been far more complex and ambiguous, lacking the clear progressive character ascribed to it. Despite having a ‘progressive’ migration and refugee legal framework, the state's framing of this displacement as a temporary ‘migration crisis’ has led to the militarization of migration management and the adoption of ad hoc regularization mechanisms for the temporary settlement of Venezuelans, with little articulation with other long‐term intersectorial socio‐economic policies. This case illustrates how countries in the global south manage the tensions between securitization and human rights concerns in their migration governance.
Circadian periodicity affects the type of ventricular arrhythmias and efficacy of implantable defibrillator therapies
Authors: Vergara Pasquale , Pignalberi Carlo , Pisanò Ennio C. , Maglia Giampiero , Della Bella Paolo , Zanotto Gabriele , Iacopino Saverio , Solimene Francesco , Calvi Valeria , Marini Massimiliano , Giammaria Massimo , Biffi Mauro , Rovaris Giovanni , Caravati Fabrizio , Quartieri Fabio , Curnis Antonio , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Senatore Gaetano , Pedretti Stefano , Saporito Davide , Dello Russo Antonio , Santobuono Vincenzo E. , Pepi Patrizia , Duca Antonio , Baroni Matteo , Falasconi Giulio , Giacopelli Daniele , Gargaro Alessio , D'Onofrio Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionFactors influencing malignant arrhythmia onset are not fully understood. We explored the circadian periodicity of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients with implantable cardioverter and cardiac resynchronization defibrillators (ICD/CRT‐D).MethodsTime, morphology (monomorphic/polymorphic), and mode of termination (anti‐tachycardia pacing [ATP] or shock) of VAs stored in a database of remote monitoring data were adjudicated. Episodes were grouped in six 4‐h timeslots from 00:00 to 24:00. Circadian distributions and adjusted marginal odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence interval (CI), were analyzed using mixed‐effect models and logit generalized estimating equations, respectively, to account for within‐subject correlation of multiple episodes.ResultsAmong 1303 VA episodes from 446 patients (63% ICD and 37% CRT‐D), 120 (9%) self‐extinguished, and 842 (65%) were terminated by ATP, 343 (26%) by shock. VAs clustered from 08:00 to 16:00 with 44% of episodes, as compared with 22% from 00:00 to 08:00 (p < .001) and 34% from 16:00 to 24:00 (p = .005). Episodes were more likely to be polymorphic at night with an adjusted marginal OR of 1.66 (CI, 1.15–2.40; p = .007) at 00:00–04:00 versus other timeslots. Episodes were less likely to be terminated by ATP in the 00:00–04:00 (success‐to‐failure ratio, 0.67; CI, 0.46–0.98; p = .039) and 08:00–12:00 (0.70; CI, 0.51–0.96; p = .02) timeslots, and most likely to be terminated by ATP between 12:00 and 16:00 (success‐to‐failure ratio 1.42; CI, 1.06–1.91; p = .02).ConclusionVAs did not distribute uniformly over the 24 h, with a majority of episodes occurring from 08:00 to 16:00. Nocturnal episodes were more likely to be polymorphic. The efficacy of ATP depended on the time of delivery.