bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Babylonia Formosae and Babylonia Zeylanica (Neogastropoda: Babyloniidae) and Increased Sampling Give New Insights Into Neogastropoda Phylogeny
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Yang huai , Li Jiji , Guo baoying , Ye Yingying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, a group of highly complex predatory marine snails, have been controversial. The two newly sequenced mitogenomes of Babylonia formosae and Babylonia zeylanica (Neogastropoda: Babyloniidae) are described. The mitogenomes of B. zeylanica and B. formosae were 16, 214 bp and 16, 181 bp in length, respectively. The mitogenomes of both species contain 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The sequence of genes differed from the ancestral mitochondrial gene arrangement of Caenogastropoda mitogenomes. Also, 63 Neogastropoda species were analyzed for the genome organization of seventeen major lineage of Neogastropoda, five types of mitochondrial genome arrangement were identified. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic trees and Maximum likehood of Neogastropoda were established according to complete mitogenome. The monophyly of Neogastropoda families is strongly supported by this study, in contrast to previous molecular studies. Our results shed light on gene sequence distribution/arrangement characteristics of Neogastropoda mitogenomes, provide fundamental information for further phylogenetic studies on Neogastropoda.
Impact of Self-Coiling Catheters for Continuous Popliteal Sciatic Block on Postoperative Pain Level and Dislocation Rate: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nickl Rosa , Vicent Oliver , Müller Thomas , Osmers Anne , Schubert Konrad , Koch Thea , Richter Torsten 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Catheter dislocation within the tissue is a challenge in continuous regional anesthesia. A novel self-coiling catheter design has been available providing lower dislocation rate in a cadaver model. So far it hasn´t been demonstrated whether the self-coiling catheter offers any remarkable advantages for continuous peripheral regional anesthesia in vivo. Methods: After ethics committee approval 140 patients undergoing elective distal lower limb surgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Preoperatively, patients were randomly assigned and received either the conventional (n=70) or self-coiling catheter (n=70) for ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block in short axis view and in-plane approach from lateral. The primary endpoint was pain intensity after surgery and on the following days. Secondary outcomes investigated were dislocation rate in situ, externally visible catheter movement, opioid consumption as well as leakage at the puncture site.Results: All catheters were successfully inserted. The study population of self-coiling catheters had significantly lower mean numeric rating scale values than the reference cohort on the first (p=0.01) and second postoperative days (p<0.01). Sonographic evaluation has shown, 42 standard catheters (60 %) and 10 self-coiling catheters (14.3 %) were dislocated in situ within the first three postoperative days. The externally visible movement of the catheters at insertion site did not differ significantly and was on average less than 0.5 cm on the third day. The amount of opioids administered was significantly lower in the self-coiling catheter group on the day of surgery and on the second and third postoperative days (p=0.04, p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). Conclusion: The self-coiling catheter offers a superior postoperative pain control and a lower dislocation rate within the tissue for popliteal sciatic nerve blockade compared to a conventional catheter. Further trials in large patient cohorts are warranted to investigate potential beneficial effects of self-coiling catheters for other localisations and other application techniques.Trial registration: The trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 08/04/2020 (DRKS00020938, retrospectively registered).
Temporal Properties of Positive and Negative Defocus on Emmetropization
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Kang Pauline , Troilo David , Benavente-Perez Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studying the temporal integration of visual signals is crucial to understand how time spent on different visual tasks can affect emmetropization and refractive error development. In this study we assessed the effect of interrupting positive and negative lens-imposed defocus with brief periods of unrestricted vision or darkness. A total of forty-six marmosets were treated monocularly with soft contact lenses for 4 weeks from 10 weeks of age (OD: +5D or -5D; OS: plano). Two control groups wore +5D (n = 5) or –5D (n = 13) lenses continuously for 9 hours/day. Two experimental groups had lens-wear interrupted for 30 minutes twice/day at noon and mid-afternoon by removing lenses and monitoring vision while marmosets sat at the center of a viewing cylinder (normal vision interruption, +5D: n =7; –5D: n = 8) or while they were in the dark (dark interruption, +5D: n =7; –5D: n = 6). The interruption period (30 mins/day) represented approx. 10% of the total stimulation time (9 hours/day). On-axis refractive error (RE) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were measured using an autorefractor and high frequency A-scan ultrasound at baseline and after treatment. Wearing +5D lenses continuously 9 hours/day for 4 weeks induced slowed eye growth and hyperopic shifts in RE in treated relative to contralateral control eyes (relative change, VCD: –25 ± 11 μm, p > 0.05; RE: +1.24 ± 0.58 D, p > 0.05), whereas -5D lens wear resulted in larger and myopic eyes (relative change, VCD: +109 ± 24 μm, p < 0.001; RE: –2.03 ± 0.56 D, p < 0.05), significantly different from those in the +5D lens-treated animals (p < 0.01 for both). Interrupting lens induced defocus with periods of normal vision or darkness for approx. 10% of the treatment time affected the resulting compensation differently for myopic and hyperopic defocus. Interrupting defocus with unrestricted vision reduced –5D defocus compensation but enhanced +5D defocus compensation (–5D, VCD: +18 ± 33 μm; RE: –0.93 ± 0.50 D, both p > 0.05; +5D, VCD: –86 ± 30 μm; RE: +1.93 ± 0.50 D,both p < 0.05). Interrupting defocus with darkness also decreased -5D defocus compensation, but had little effect on +5D defocus compensation (–5D, VCD: +73 ± 34 μm, RE: –1.13 ± 0.77 D, p > 0.05 for both; +5D, VCD: –10 ± 28 μm, RE: +1.22 ± 0.50 D, p > 0.05 for both). These findings in a non-human primate model of emmetropization are similar to those described in other species and confirm a non-linear model of visual signal integration over time. This suggests a mechanism that is conserved across species and may have clinical implications for myopia management in school-aged children.
Drug and substance abuse among university students
Authors: Namada Juliana Mulaa , Karimi James Ngari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Research objective: The main objective of the study was to explore drug and substance abuse among university students. Specifically, the study sought to investigate factors influencing drug and substance abuse and find out the effect of drug and substance abuse on university students.Methods: The study adopted mixed method approach. Triangulation was used in data collection both questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Multistage sampling was used to get representation from all the five schools within the university. In each school, cluster sampling was while at programme level, simple random sampling was used. Snowball sampling technique was be used to identify the drug and substance abusers who were now targeted for interviews in focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed using common theming method.Results: The study established three factors which influence drug and substance abuse among university students. The factors in order of significance are peer pressure, student residence and family background of the students. In terms of influence of drugs and substances, they impair student judgement, affect quality of sleep, and lowers the performance of students both in class and outside class.Conclusions and Recommendations:The study concluded that the social groupings which generate peer pressure, the type of accommodation for the students and family influence on students need to be considered in student mentoring to effectively manage the menace of drug and substance abuse. The study recommends a turn round strategy by the university in dealing with drug and substance abuse menace to improve performance retention and completion rates.
Investigate The Sintering Behavior of IZO Ceramic Targets Prepared By Pressure Slip Casting
Authors: Liu Chaofei , Zeng Xueyun , Liu Xiaokai , Sun Benshuang , Zuo Zhongheng , Shu Yongchun , Liu Yang , Yi Jianhong , He Jilin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The density and phase structure uniformity of the IZO ceramic target would have an effect on the optoelectronic properties of the sputtered film. In this work, a uniformly dispersed IZO slurry was used to obtain high-density green IZO compacts by the slip casting process. Based on the grain size and shrinkage data of IZO ceramics, the densification process was investigated, while the apparent activation energy and growth activation energy were also calculated. The results of XPS showed that sintering in an oxygen atmosphere can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies of IZO ceramic to improve its electrical properties. Finally, IZO ceramics with a grain size of 3-6 μm and resistivity of 1.5 mΩ·cm were obtained by a two-step sintering method.
A Study of Nurses’ Stress Management in Facing and Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Moghaddam Mahboobeh Hosseini , Mohebbi Zinat , Tehranineshat Banafsheh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Being in the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses need to be capable of stress management to maintain their physical and psychological well-being in the face of a variety of stressors. The present study aims to explore the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of stress management in nurses who face and provide care to COVID-19 patients.
Methods

The present study is a qualitative descriptive work that was conducted in teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from June 2020 to March 2021. Fourteen nurses who were in practice in units assigned to COVID-19 patients were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 according to the conventional content analysis method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.
Results

The data collected in the interviews resulted in 14 subcategories under 4 main categories: providing care with uncertainty and anxiety, facing psychological and mental tension, creating a context for support, and experiencing personal-professional growth.
Conclusions

Despite their concern over contracting the infection and transmitting it to their families, nurses feel compelled to provide professional care to patients under all circumstances. Work overload and working in exhausting conditions lead to nurses’ physical and psychological burnout, thus their need for the support of authorities and their families. Based on the nurses’ experiences, the primary outcomes of caring for COVID-19 patients are personal growth and professional empowerment.
Synthesis and Property Characterization of Ternary Laminar Zr2SB Ceramic
Authors: Zhang Qiqiang , Fu Shuai , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang , Feng Qingguo , Grasso Salvatore , Hu Chunfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Zr2SB ceramics with high relative density (99.03%) and high purity of 82.95 wt% (containing 8.96 wt% ZrB2 and 8.09 wt% zirconium) were successfully synthesized from ZrH2, sublimated sulfur and boron powder by spark plasma sintering at 1300 ℃. The reaction mechanism, microstructures, physical properties and mechanical properties of Zr2SB ceramic were systematically studied. The results show that Zr2SB was obtained by the reaction of zirconium sulfide, zirconium and boron, and ZrB2 coexisted in the sample as a symbiotic impurity phase. The average grain size of Zr2SB was 12.46 μm in length and 5.12 μm in width, and the mean grain sizes of ZrB2 and zirconium impurities were about 300 nm. In terms of physical properties, the measured thermal expansion coefficient was 7.64 × 10-6 K-1 from room temperature to 1200 ℃, and the thermal capacity and thermal conductivity at room temperature were 0.39 J·g−1·K−1 and 12.01 W∙m−1∙K−1, respectively. The room temperature electrical conductivity of Zr2SB ceramic was measured to be 1.74 × 106 Ω−1∙m−1. In terms of mechanical properties, Vickers hardness was 9.86 ± 0.63 GPa under 200 N load, and the measured flexural strength, fracture toughness and compressive strength were 269 ± 12.7 MPa, 3.94 ± 0.63 MPa·m1/2, and 2166.74 ± 291.34 MPa, respectively.
Socio-demographic Factors, Dental Status, Oral Health Knowledge &amp; Attitude, and Health-related Behaviors in Dental Visits Among 12-year-old Shenzhen Adolescents: a Multilevel Analysis
Authors: He Jinfeng , Yuan Bo , Zhou Shanyu , Peng Shuyuan , Xu Ye , Cai He , Cheng Li , You Yuehua , Hu Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Dental visits can provide education, prevention and treatment measures for teenagers, and help to form correct oral health knowledge and attitude. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of socio-demographic factors, dental status, oral health literacy, and health-related behaviors on dental visits in early 12-year-old adolescents.Methods: 953 subjects aged 12 in Longhua District of Shenzhen were investigated. The questionnaire and clinical examination were applied in schools, and two-level logistic regression models were constructed to interpret the effect of individual and contextual factors on Shenzhen adolescents' dental visits.Results: A total of 27.6% of the participants had not been to a dentist. After the multiple factors binary logistic regression analysis, it confirmed that the following variables: Shenzhen hukou (OR =2.133, 95% CI: 1.429-3.185)，moderate caries (OR =1.404, 95% CI: 1.022-1.928) and severe caries (OR =2.546, 95% CI: 1.461-4.437)，Angle Class II malocclusion( OR =1.703, 95% CI: 1.134-2.556), sometimes or never toothbrushing (OR =2.985, 95% CI: 1.491-5.975), Dental floss usage (OR =1.829, 95% CI: 1.250-2.677), having had a toothache within the last 12 months (OR =1.469, 95% CI: 1.086-1.986), high Knowledge attitude level (OR =1.570, 95% CI: 1.106-2.229), moderate Knowledge attitude level (OR =1.534, 95% CI: 1.073-2.193), were associated factors for dental visit experience.Conclusions: The dental visits of 12-year-old children in Longhua District of Shenzhen is affected by multi-dimensional factors. It is suggested that oral health education should be strengthened, good oral hygiene habits should be cultivated, and the needs and utilization of oral health services for non-Shenzhen adolescents should be paid attention to, so as to effectively improve the overall oral health level of adolescents.
The Coexistence of Dual Malnutrition At Household Level in India: Evidence From The Comprehensive National Nutrition Study 2016–18
Authors: Porwal Akash , Ashraf Sana , Ramesh Sowmya , Khan Nizamuddin , Johnston Robert , Sarna Avina , Acharya Rajib , Agarwal Praween 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
To examine the prevalence of DBM at national, state, regional level and its proximate determinants in households with a mother and child under 5 years of age.
Methods
The present study includes data on 38,060 children under 5 years of age and their biological mothers, drawn from the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in India. The outcome variable for this study was the double burden of malnutrition at the household level. A child was classified as stunted if the height was at least -2SD below the mean for their age. A mother with a body mass index (BMI) of more than or equal to 25kg/m2 (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was considered as overweight. A binary variable with coexistence of both conditions was created and categorized as 1 (existence of stunted child and overweight mother), and 0 otherwise. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the association between DBM and covariates at maternal, child and household level.
Results
3.4% of households were found to be with DBM, with higher prevalence in urban areas (6.2%) as compared to rural areas (2.5%). Inter-state and regional variations were present in the prevalence of DBM. The proportion of DBM was higher in households with mothers aged 30 years or more, mothers not working and those who had cesarean births. Prevalence of DBM was found to be higher in urban area and rich households.
Conclusion
This study shows the prevalence of DBM and its proximate determinants. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive nutrition programme that targets both undernutrition and overnutrition. While formulating standalone policies for both forms of malnutrition is relatively easier, customized policies and programmes are needed to combat the conflicting situation of dietary excess and deprivation at the household level.
Decoding ceRNA Regulatory Network in Pulmonary Artery of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension (HPH) Rat Model
Authors: Wang Jun , Niu Yanqin , Luo Lingjie , Lu Zefeng , Chen Qinghua , Zhang Shasha , Guo Qianwen , Li Li , Gou Deming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a lethal cardiovascular disease with the characteristic of severe remodelling of pulmonary vascular. Although large number of dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs related to HPH have been identified in extensive studies, the RNA regulatory network in pulmonary artery that respond to hypoxia remains poorly understood.
Results
Transcriptomic profiles in pulmonary arteries of HPH rats were interrogated through high-throughput RNA sequencing in this study. The differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) including DEmRNAs, DElncRNAs, DEcircRNAs and DEmiRNAs between HPH and normal rats were investigated. A set of 19 DEmRNAs, 8 DElncRNAs, 19 DEcircRNAs and 23 DEmiRNAs were identified through a relatively strict screening. The DEmRNAs were further found to be involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, PPAR signalling pathway and calcium signalling pathway, suggesting their crucial role in HPH. Furthermore, according to the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, a hypoxia induced ceRNA regulatory network in pulmonary arteries of HPH rats was constructed. More specifically, the ceRNA network was composed of 10 miRNAs as hub nodes, which might be sponged by 6 circRNAs and 7 lncRNAs, and directed the expression of 18 downstream target genes that might play important role in the progression of HPH. Expression pattern of selected DERNAs in the ceRNA network were validated to be in consistent with sequencing results. Diagnostic effectiveness of several hub mRNAs were further evaluated through investigating their expression profiles in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) recorded in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE117261. Dysregulated POSTN, LTBP2, SPP1 and LSAMP were observed in both the pulmonary arteries of HPH rats and lung tissues of PAH patients.
Conclusions
A ceRNA regulatory network in pulmonary arteries of HPH rats was constructed, 10 hub miRNAs and their corresponding interacting lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs were identified. The expression pattern of selected DERNAs were further validated to be in consistent with sequencing result. POSTN, LTBP2, SPP1 and LSAMP were suggested to be potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PAH.
Multi-scale investigation on streamflow temporal variability and its connection to global climate indices for unregulated rivers in India
Authors: Yeditha Pavan Kumar , Pant Tarun , Rathinasamy Maheswaran , Agarwal Ankit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the increasing stress on water resources for a developing country like India, it is pertinent to understand the dominant streamflow patterns for effective planning and management activities. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characterization of streamflow of six unregulated catchments in India. Firstly, Mann Kendall (MK) and Changepoint analysis were carried out to detect the presence of trends and any abrupt changes in hydroclimatic variables in the chosen streamflows. To unravel the relationships between the temporal variability of streamflow and its association with precipitation and global climate indices, namely, Niño 3.4, IOD, PDO, and NAO, continuous wavelet transform is used. Cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analysis were also used to capture the coherent and phase relationships between streamflow and climate indices. The continuous wavelet transforms of streamflow data revealed that intra-annual (0.5 years), annual (1 year), and inter-annual (2–4 year) oscillations are statistically significant. Furthermore, a better understanding of the in-phase relationship between the streamflow and precipitation at intra-annual and annual time scales were well-captured using wavelet coherence analysis compared to cross wavelet transform. Furthermore, our analysis also revealed that streamflow observed an in-phase relationship with IOD and NAO, whereas there was a lag correlation with Niño 3.4 and PDO indices at intra-annual, annual and interannual time scales.
Bayesian model averaging of the RegCM temperature projections: a Canadian case study
Authors: Song Tangnyu , Huang Guohe , Wang Guoqing , Li Yongping , Wang Xiuquan , Lu Chen , Shen Zhenyao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The choices of physical schemes coupled in the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4), the input general circulation model (GCM) results, and the emission scenarios may cause considerable uncertainties in future temperature projections. Therefore, the ensemble approach, which can be used to reflect these uncertainties, is highly desired. In this study, the probabilistic projections for future temperature are generated at 88 Canadian climate stations based on the developed RegCM4 ensemble and obtained Bayesian model averaging (BMA) weights. The BMA weights indicate that the RegCM4 coupled with the holtslag PBL scheme driven by the HadGEM can provide relatively reliable temperature projections at most climate stations. It is also suggested that the BMA approach is effective in simulating temperature over middle and eastern Canada through taking advantage of each ensemble member. However, the effectiveness of the BMA method is limited when all the models in the ensemble cannot simulate the temperature robustly. The projected results demonstrate that the temperature will increase continuously in the future, while the temperature increase under RCP8.5 will be significantly larger than that under RCP4.5.