bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media Pembelajaran Digital untuk Stimulasi Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Hendraningrat Dewi , Fauziah Pujiyanti 
Published: March 2021

Peran guru di abad ke-21 terus mengalami pergeseran terutama karena terdampak oleh kemajuan teknologi. Bahkan penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak daripada pengajaran tradisional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dana efektif untuk menstimulasi motorik halus anak. Satu guru dan 18 anak berusia 3-4 tahun menjadi subjek penelitian. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa media digital yang berupa video tutorial memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia 3-4 tahun (dengan nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0.03). Media juga telah dinyatakan layak oleh dua ahli dan praktis sesuai dengan penilaian dari guru sebagai pengguna. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukan pelatihan pendidikan teknologi untuk calon guru agar memiliki persiapan diri yang lebih baik ketika mengajar menggunakan teknologi
Nomenclatura y diagnóstico de la amiloidosis desde una perspectiva histórica
Authors: Aguirre María Adela , Carretero Marcelina , Nucifora Elsa , Posadas María Lourdes 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: La amiloidosis es una enfermedad crónica infrecuente, que se caracteriza por el depósito extracelular de proteínas fibrilares en diversos órganos y tejidos. Las manifestaciones clínicas se basan según el sitio de los depósitos y de la proteína precursora involucrada. La principal herramienta de diagnóstico es la sospecha clínica. El pronóstico suele ser sombrío. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los acontecimientos que fueron sucediendo en el tiempo para llegar a lo que conocemos en la actualidad como amiloidosis. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio, narrativo, de carácter histórico. Se revisaron fuentes primarias y fuentes documentales existentes. Desarrollo: Las primeras descripciones de pacientes con amiloidosis datan de mediados de 1600 d.c. Éstas eran descripciones anatómicas, reportadas a partir de autopsias de pacientes. Las primeras aproximaciones al diagnóstico fueron a través de tinciones con iodo y anilinas, llegando por último a la difracción por rayos x, y la microscopía con luz polarizada bajo tinción con rojo Congo. Conclusiones: A pesar de ser una entidad nosológica conocida desde hace cuatro siglos, las dificultades para caracterizar el origen y comprender la fisiopatología de la amiloidosis aún permanecen. Durante décadas hubo controversias acerca de la nomenclatura y la naturaleza del material amiloideo. El diagnóstico y el manejo de esta enfermedad siguen dependiendo de los avances en la tecnología, siendo actualmente un desafío en el manejo de los pacientes que padecen amiloidosis.
Población hospitalizada con diagnóstico de Covid-19 en los centros de salud públicos de la región sudeste del Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Yacobitti Alejandro , Otero Lisandro j. , Doldan Arruabarrena Valeria Soledad , Arano Juan , Lage Sergio , Silberman Martín , Zubieta Martín , Erbetta Ilda , Danei Patricia , Baeck Gertrudis , Vallejos Virgina , Cavalli Federico , Calderón Nicolás , Di Gregorio Maximiliano , Hernández Viviana , Bruno Daniela , Rodera Beatriz , Parisi David , Macherett Ignacio , Gallastegui Matías , Paz Andrea , Bernardi Rubén , Azcárate Sandra , Hraste A , Caridi Inés , Boechi Leonardo , Kochen Silvia 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: En el presente trabajo se describen las características clínicas y las intervenciones para minimizar la morbimortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de COVID-19.
Métodos: Es una investigación de cohorte prospectiva de pacientes que recibieron respuesta de los Centros de Salud en la región sudeste (RS) del área metropolitana (AMBA) desde el 8 de abril hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se utilizó una Sala de Situación epidemiológica con dos tableros de monitoreo y seguimiento, uno de gestión de camas y otro de gestión de pacientes.
Resultados: Durante el periodo analizado se internaron2.588pacientes con diagnóstico COVID-19 confirmados, 1.943 con sospecha de patología COVID-19, y 1.464sujetos con otras patologías. El 55% de los pacientes eran hombres y la edad media fue de 51 años. Hubo 82,8% pacientes con enfermedades preexistentes, hipertensión y diabetes fueron las más frecuentes. El 14% fue hospitalizado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. La mortalidad de la cohorte fue del 15,05%, la mortalidad fue mayor para los hombres, con una edad media de 60 años, el 92,65% tenía alguna enfermedad preexistente.
Conclusión: Nuestra cohorte es más joven que otros trabajos publicados. Las personas mayores, los hombres y las personas con comorbilidades tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad relacionada con COVID-19. El sistema de salud público pudo responder a la demanda sin llegar a colapsar las instituciones hospitalarias.
PENERAPAN PROSES PANAS PADA INDUSTRI KECIL DAN MENENGAH PANGAN BIR PLETOK WILAYAH JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Sunandar Ibnu Hasan , Wulandari Nur , Budi Faleh Setia 
Published: March 2021

<p>Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri kecil menengah pangan (IKMP) bir pletok perlu mengendalikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keamanan serta umur simpan produk yang dihasilkannya, khususnya untuk menghindari proses termal yang tidak tepat yang dapat meningkatkan risiko keamanan produk. Selain itu, data validasi proses untuk memeriksa kecukupan panas di IKMP bir pletok juga belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil proses produksi bir pletok di IKMP yang menggunakan teknologi proses termal, serta mendapatkan data parameter proses termal dalam rangka pemenuhan persyaratan kecukupan panas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) pengumpulan data IKMP bir pletok di Kota Jakarta Selatan; 2) pengembangan dan validasi kuesioner; (3) pelaksanaan survei di IKMP bir pletok; (4) pengujian masa simpan sampel bir pletok terpilih; (5) pengolahan data; serta (6) penyusunan rekomendasi. Aplikasi proses termal yang dilakukan oleh IKMP bir pletok menggunakan 2 metode yaitu pasteurisasi dan proses pengisian panas (<em>hot filling</em>). Proses produksi di IKMP bir pletok dengan kode BP2 merupakan proses yang paling baik di antara IKMP bir pletok lainnya. Produk BP2 memiliki pH akhir 5,2, dengan suhu pengisian 73,3 °C, <em>headspac</em>e 5,3 cm, dengan total mikroba (<em>total plate count</em>/TPC) tidak terdeteksi, serta nilai angka kapang dan kamir yang juga tidak terdeteksi. Kemasan yang digunakan adalah botol kaca 525 mL, dengan masa simpan mencapai 2 bulan. </p>
The Characterization and Microbiological Evaluation of Probiotic Isolated from Bambara Groundnut
Authors: Adeoye Babatunde Kazeem , Aransiola Elizabeth Funmilayo , Alebiowu Gbenga , Bisi-Johnson Mary Adejumoke , Olorunmola Felix Oluwasola , Adepoju Oluwarinu Aduramigba 
Published: March 2021

The study was carried out to isolate, characterize, and study antimicrobial sensitivity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Bambara groundnut. Dried Bambara groundnut was fermented by spontaneous method for seven days and its pH, TTA (Total Titratable acidity) and microbial load monitored for each of the fermentation days. Seven acid-producing cultures were isolated from the sample, and isolates were further classified first by phenotype. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics led to identification of three bacterial groups. These were followed by in vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria. The most abundant type of LAB distributed in the isolates of fermented Bambara groundnut was Lactobacillus delbrueckii, followed by Lactobacillus casei in two of the isolates. Lactobacillus brevis was found in the remaining two isolates. The growth pattern at different salt concentrations revealed that the isolates were salt tolerant at 2% and 4% while at 6.5% there was no growth. At pH 4.5 and 6.0, there were also growth. The strain evaluated showed in vitro antibacterial activity against five pathogenic microorganisms namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Pseudomonas sp and Staphylococcus sp using agar well diffusion method. These results suggested that various LAB were present in Bambara groundnut. The microorganisms isolated were then freeze dried using a freeze drier and then kept at a low temperature in the refrigerator so as to preserve/store the organisms for further processes. This report thereby showed that Bambara groundnut, being an underutilized legume can serve as potential candidate for probiotic neutraceuticals.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 54-64
Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agro-morphological Traits in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
Authors: Poudel Mukti Ram , Poudel Padam Bahadur , Puri Ramesh Raj , Paudel Hema Kumari 
Published: March 2021

Assessment of variability and traits association in crop help to enhance selection efficiency. Therefore, the present investigation entitled “Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Agro-morphological Traits in Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions” was carried out during winterseason of 2019/2020 at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Bhairahawa, Nepal to identify traits that highly contribute to grain yield and suitable for its further improvement. The experiment was laid out following alpha lattice design with two replications. The twentygenotypes of wheat was sown in two different environments viz., irrigated and heat stress in November 29, 2019 and December 25, 2019 respectively. It was found that under normal condition, moderate GCV and PCV were recorded in SW, TGW, NGPS, and WGPS. Under heat stress condition, high GCV and PCV were observed in GY. High heritability and high GAM was observed in TGW & GY, NGPS, WGPS, TGW under normal and heat stress condition respectively. Under normal condition SW exhibited positive correlation and high positive direct effect on GY at genetic level and WGPS at phenotypic level. And under heat stress condition SW exhibited positive correlation and high positive direct effect on GY. Whereas, at phenotypic level, WGPS and PH exhibited high positive direct effect on grain yield. Hence it is clear that spike weight and weight of grains per spike are important traits for grain yield improvement.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 65-74
राज्यको क्षमता अभिवृद्धिमा भूरणनीतिक सुरक्षाः अवसर र चुनौती Rajyako Kshyamata Abhibriddhima Bhuranatik Surakshya: Abasar ra Chunauti
Authors: थापा Thapa शैलेन्द्र Shailendra बहादुर Bahadur 
Published: March 2021

मानव सभ्यताको विकासक्रमदेखि नै धर्माधिकारी, राष्ट्रनिर्माता, नीति निर्माता, राष्ट्रिय विभूति, वैज्ञानिक रयुद्ध सरदारहरुले आºनो ‘मातृभूमि र धर्म–संस्कृतिकोरक्षा एवं विस्तारका’ खातिर सूक्ष्म अनुसन्धान ररहस्यमय रक्षा–नीतिहरु निर्माण गरी पृथ्वीको टाढा–टाढासम्मका सभ्यताहरुमाझ पु¥याई लागुु गराउनु अनौठो होइन । जनक, सीता, बुद्ध, अंशुवर्मा, अरनिको,फाल्गुनानन्द, पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलगायतका धेरै नेपाली राष्ट्रिय व्यक्तिŒव र विभूतिहरुको योगदानबाट प्राप्तसार्वभौम नेपालको रक्षा–नीतिमाथि नेपालभन्दा पछिस्थापित कतिपय शक्तिशाली राष्ट्रका लिडिल हार्टको‘इन्डाईरेक्ट एप्रोच’, कार्ल भोन क्लाउजिज्को ‘अनवार’ जस्ता युद्धशास्त्रीय रणनीतिहरुले चुनौती दिनेदुष्साहस गर्दैनन् । यद्धपि फरक सभ्यताका केन्द्रहरुलेनेपाललाई ‘अनुसन्धानको उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमुना छनौटकोएक एकाइ’ मानेर प्रयोगशालाको स्थलगत कार्यक्षेत्रका रुपमा काम गरिरहेको भनिएको इण्डो–प्यासिफिक रणनीति÷मिलेनियम च्यालेन्ज कर्पोरेशनकोसुनौला अवसरहरु हामीमाझ आइपुगेका छन् । यिनका हानिकारक तत्वहरुस“ग सतर्क रह“दै सकारात्मक पाटोहरुपहिल्याई ‘विवेकपूर्ण छनौटद्वारा’ राष्ट्रिय हितका पक्षमासंशोधन गरी लाभ लिन सकियो भने राम्रो अवसर प्राप्तहुनेछ । तर यस्तो सम्झौताको कुनै व्यवस्थास“ग नेपालकानुन बाझिएमा कानुन संशोधन गर्नुपर्ने प्रावधाननौलो रहेन । समयको दबाबका कारण यो च्यालेन्जलेनेपालको ‘असंलग्न’ नीतिलाई लङ्गडो बनाई नेपालीसार्वभौम सत्तामाथि चुनौती खडा गरिदियो भने ‘वर्वादभएछ’ भनी तपाइ“ यो दशकको भूलस“ग अर्को दशकदेखि पछुताउनु सिवाय दोस्रो भूल हुनेछैन । नेपाली नीति– निर्माताहरुले नेपालको रष्ट्रिय क्षमता अभिवृद्धिका लागिराष्ट्रिय भूगोल, इतिहास, संस्कृति र राष्ट्रिय पहिचानलाईमुटूमा राखी बहकिएर, झुक्किएर, लोभिएर वा पराधीनमानसिकता बोकेर होइन, स्वाधीन भएर घरेलुनीतिनिर्माणका पक्षमा ‘स्वतन्त्र निर्णय’ लिन सामथ्र्यवान्रहने विश्वास नेपाली जनको छ । अतः नेपालकादुवै स“धियार मित्रराष्ट्रहरु वा अन्य मित्रराष्ट्रहरुकोनेपाल हेर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नीतिहरुलाई सूक्ष्म रुपमाकेलाई तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण गरी नेपालविरुद्ध दूरगामीअसर पार्नसक्ने कुनै पनि विदेश नीतिहरुप्रति सजगरही तटस्थ, विवेकशील क्षमता र राज्यमैत्री असंलग्नविकल्पहरु अ¨ीकार गर्ने ल्याकतलाई के कस्तासिद्धान्तहरुले निर्देशित गर्न सक्छन् ? सवाल यो हो ।राजनीतिका क्षेत्रमा ‘स्वाधीनताको सिद्धान्त’ र आर्थिकक्षेत्रमा ‘आत्मनिर्भरताको सिद्धान्तलाई’ योजनावद्धरुपमा सञ्चालन गर्दै ‘सैनिक पक्षलाई’ परराष्ट्रनीतिको अनिवार्य तत्व मान्दा (आचार्य, पृ.१९१–१९८) यसले राज्यको थप क्षमता अभिवृद्धिस“गै भूरणनीतिक सुरक्षालाई प्रबद्र्धन गर्न सक्ने धारणा कतिपय वरिष्ठकूटनीतिज्ञहरुको छ । विवेकपूर्ण छनौट, स्वतन्त्र निर्णय,परराष्ट्र नीतिको अनिवार्य तŒवका रुपमा सैनिक पक्ष,त्रिपक्षीयतावादको सिद्धान्त, नवयर्थाथवादी सिद्धान्त,आन्तरिक केन्द्रीकरण शक्ति, केन्द्रापसारक शक्ति,छिमेकीŒव नीति, राज्यको क्षमता अभिवृद्धि, राष्ट्रियहित, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध, विश्वशान्ति ।
Determinants of U.S. Foreign Policy foreign policy during the Cold War The Intra-American Perspective
Authors: Czornik Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

The U.S. accession to the Second World War and indisputable victory initiated a new stage in the history of the United States. The country took a superpower position next to the USSR. The USA became the leading force of the democratic and capitalist world. During the Cold War, competing with the Soviet Union for influence in the global scale, the United States effectively spread its ideology, political system model, and value system. A number of determinants of an internal nature, both objective and subjective, influenced the shape of the foreign policy of the USA during the Cold War.
Analysis of electronic circuit transformer with experimental and finite elements
Authors: ÖZÜPAK Yıldırım , TEKE Ibrahim Halil , MAMİŞ Mehmet Salih 
Published: March 2021

Transformers, one of the most important elements of energy transmission and distribution systems, can be produced as a result of high cost and long-term studies. It is necessary to know the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of a transformer in the manufacturing process. Modeling of the transformers to be designed with a reliable simulation program in order to operate at targeted values and efficiency is important in terms of ensuring test criteria and minimizing the problems that may arise later. Thanks to advanced computer techniques, it is possible to identify design errors and correct them through a simulation program.
In this paper, ANSYS Maxwell 3D software based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and widely used in transformer simulation was used. With this program, it is aimed to investigate the magnetic field density, magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux lines, current density values in the coil and core of the transformer and the effects of these values on transformer losses. Considering the nominal values of the single phase 90 VA transformer, its electrical and physical values were measured by experimental studies in the laboratory environment, and the necessary parameters and values were calculated based on these measurements. The theoretically calculated values are compared with the experimental study results and the values calculated with ANSYS Maxwell program. It was observed that the experimental study results and the results of the model created in the program confirmed each other.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan PT. Injep Inti Cemerlang Dengan Metode AHP dan TOPSIS
Authors: Pohan Achmad Baroqah , Hadi Sofian Wira , Suparni Suparni 
Published: March 2021

Selama ini penilaian kinerja karyawan PT. Injep Inti Cemerlang belum dilaksanakan secara optimal terutama dalam menilai kinerja karyawan. Selama ini penilaian kinerja hanya ditentukan dari hasil kerjanya, belum ada kriteria penilaian yang jelas. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan untuk membantu mencari alternatif terbaik dalam pemilihan karyawan tersebut. dalam penelitian ini akan dikembangkan sistem pendukung keputusan penilaian kinerja karyawan berdasarkan Sikap, Tanggung jawab, Absensi, Kedisiplinan dan Kerjasama. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan penilaian kinerja karyawan dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data secara observasi, wawancara dan memberikan kuisioner kepada karyawan PT. Injep Inti Cemerlang. Data-data yang dikumpulkan dilakukan proses analisis data dan menacari pembobotan nilai dengan menggunakan metode AHP dan untuk prangkingan menggunakan metode TOPSIS, dimana masing-masing kriteria dalam hal ini. faktor-faktor penilaian dan alternatif dalam hal ini para karyawan dibandingkan dengan kriteria yang sudah terbobot sehingga memberikan output nilai yang menghasilkan sistem yang memberikan penilaian terhadap karyawan. Sistem pendukung keputusan ini membantu melakukan penilaian kinerja setiap karyawan PT. Injep Inti Cemerlang dalam menentukan karyawan yang mempunyai kinerja paling baik
A CONCEPÇÃO E AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS DE JOÃO AMÓS COMÊNIO (COMENIUS)
Authors: Lombardo Jeronimo De Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

<p>Este artigo, em linhas gerais, tem como objetivo expor o pensamento pedagógico de João Amós Comênio. O educador tcheco procurou sintetizar as vertentes educacionais existentes em sua época. Seus escritos, principalmente a <em>Didática Magna</em>, sua obra prima, contribuíram para a percepção dos docentes acerca das metodologias empregadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, fundando, assim, a Didática Moderna. O autor foi influenciado, sobretudo devido à própria experiência de vida, pela educação humanística e pela educação religiosa-protestante. Comênio foi um crítico contundente às instituições escolares do seu tempo, propondo um novo ideário político-social de educação, como a universalização do ensino e a não distinção entre os sexos e classes sociais, algo implementado mais tarde, somente no séc. XVIII, dentro do contexto europeu, pelos pensadores iluministas e revolucionários franceses.</p>
4H Project Guide: Swine Nutrition
Authors: Myer Robert O. , Brendemuhl Joel H. 
Published: March 2021

A dependable and economical source of feed is the basis of a profitable hog operation. In fact, 40 to 60% of the total cost of producing hogs is feed. Thus, 4-Hers who raise hogs need to be keenly aware of the types of feed available. This document is 4H225, one of a series of the Animal Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1, 1988 as 4HSR-17. Reviewed May 8, 2003.
4H225/4H225: 4H Project Guide: Swine Nutrition (ufl.edu)
Watersheds – Functions and Management
Authors: Sanjay Shukla 
Published: March 2021

The term watershed is often used in discussions about water quality or flood prevention, but most people do not really understand what a watershed is. The definition of a watershed is based on a concept with which everyone is familiar: “Water runs downhill.” A Watershed is a land area whose runoff drains into any stream, river, lake, and ocean. Watershed boundary is the divide separating one drainage area from another. Watersheds may be as small as the portion of a yard draining into a mud puddle or as large as the Mississippi River Basin, which drains 1.2 million square miles. Terms like catchment or drainage basin are also used to refer to watersheds. This document is ABE350, one of a series of the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 2004.
ABE350/AE265: Watersheds—Functions and Management (ufl.edu)
Tropical Root Crop Production in Florida
Authors: Lamberts Mary , Olson Stephen M. 
Published: March 2021

There are four main tropical root crops produced in Florida. These are: cassava, tannia, taro and boniato. This document is HS965, Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS, Florida Cooperative Extenstion Service, September 2004.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/cv286
Guide to Using Rhizomal Perennial Peanut in the Urban Landscape
Authors: Rouse Robert E. , Miavitz Elan M. , Roka Fritz M. 
Published: March 2021

Perennial peanut has recently shown promise as an ornamental groundcover due to its high resistance to drought, nematodes, and pathogens and its minimal fertilizer needs. This translates into savings in water, energy, dollars, and reduced impacts to the environment. It is not only beneficial to the environment since it requires no supplemental nitrogen or phosphorus fertilization or pest control, but it also is aesthetically pleasing, can be walked on, and has edible, peanut flavored flowers. This document is HS960, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: March 2004.
HS960/EP135: Guide to Using Rhizomal Perennial Peanut in the Urban Landscape (ufl.edu)
Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac in Florida
Authors: Grace Patricia , Lowe Sherrie 
Published: March 2021

Every year, numerous Floridians are accidentally poisoned by coming in contact with one of several plants typically found in Florida parks and woodlands. The most common plant encountered is poison ivy. Poison oak and poison sumac are also found in some of these settings. Poisoning by these plants is largely preventable. One can easily learn to identify these plants in their various forms with the aid of general descriptions and pictures and by observing plants in the wild. The purpose of this publication is to assist individuals in learning to identify these plants and avoid contact with them. This document is Circular ENH886, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date April 29, 2003.
ENH886/EP220: Identification of Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac, and Poisonwood (ufl.edu)
St. Augustinegrass - Made for the Florida Shade?
Authors: Trenholm Laurie E. , Nagata Russell 
Published: March 2021

Landscapes generally contain areas where turfgrass will grow under some degree of shade for some part of the day. Turf will often decline over time in heavier shade, which may not allow full sunlight throughout the day. Turf in these areas is expected to perform comparably to grass growing in full sunlight, and is generally maintained under the same fertility and cultural regimes as grass in full sunlight. While St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze) cultivars are typically recognized as having better shade tolerance than other turf species used in Florida, cultivars do vary considerably in their shade tolerance. Typically, they possess relatively good tolerance to shade; however, there is significant variation within the St. Augustinegrass species for shade tolerance. This document is Fact Sheet ENH967, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: October 8, 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep226