bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of patients with a rheumatic disease on drug use in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Coskun Belkıs Nihan , Yagiz Burcu , Pehlivan Yavuz , Dalkilic Ediz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Anti-rheumatic drugs can increase the predisposition to infection, and patients may be unaware of continuing their treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study aimed to assess whether patients maintain their treatment for rheumatic conditions during the pandemic period and determine the factors responsible for discontinuation.

Methods
Patients were randomly selected from the prospectively collected database of our tertiary referral center. The patients were interviewed by telephone through a standardized closed-ended questionnaire, which is targeting the continuity of the treatment plan and the considerations related to the individual choice. The patients were asked whether they hesitated to visit the hospital for follow-up or intravenous drug administration.

Results
A total of 278 patients completed the questionnaire. While 62 of the patients (22.3%) had reduced or interrupted the treatment, only 11 patients (3.9%) stopped the treatment completely. A significant difference was observed between the duration of illness and the discontinuation of treatment. (p = 0.023) There was a significant difference in disease activity between the group that stopped treatment and continued treatment. (p = 0.001) There was no statistically significant difference in other demographic characteristics. One hundred thirty-five patients (48.6%) made the treatment decision by themselves, and 80% continued the treatment. Reasons for stopping the treatment were anxiety (48.4%), not being able to go to the hospital for intravenous treatment (45.1%), and not being able to find the drug (6.5%).

Conclusion
Since patients with long-term illnesses were found to be significantly more likely to stop their treatment, this group of patients should be monitored.
Prevalence and epidemiological distribution of selected foodborne pathogens in human and different environmental samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belina Dinaol , Hailu Yonas , Gobena Tesfaye , Hald Tine , Njage Patrick Murigu Kamau 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacterial Foodborne Pathogens (FBP) are the commonest cause of foodborne illness or foodborne diseases (FBD) worldwide. They contaminate food at any stages in the entire food chain, from farm to dining-table. Among these, the Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Non typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. are responsible for a large proportion of illnesses, deaths; and, particularly, as causes of acute diarrheal diseases. Though existing studies indicate the problem may be severe in developing countries like Ethiopia, the evidence is commonly based on fragmented data from individual studies. A review of published and unpublished manuscripts was conducted to obtain information on major FBP and identify the gaps in tracking their source attributions at the human, animal and environmental interface. A total of 1753 articles were initially retrieved after restricting the study period to between January 2000 and July 2020. After the second screening, only 51 articles on the humans and 43 on the environmental sample based studies were included in this review. In the absence of subgroups, overall as well as human stool and environmental sample based pooled prevalence estimate of FBP were analyzed. Since, substantial heterogeneity is expected, we also performed a subgroup analyses for principal study variables to estimate pooled prevalence of FBP at different epidemiological settings in both sample sources. The overall random pooled prevalence estimate of FBP (Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), Shigella and Campylobacter spp.) was 8%; 95% CI: 6.5–8.7, with statistically higher (P <  0.01) estimates in environmental samples (11%) than in human stool (6%). The subgroup analysis depicted that Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli contributed to 5.7% (95% CI: 4.7–6.8) and 11.6% (95% CI: 8.8–15.1) respectively, of the overall pooled prevalence estimates of FBD in Ethiopia. The result of meta-regression showed, administrative regional state, geographic area of the study, source of sample and categorized sample size all significantly contributed to the heterogeneity of Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli estimates. Besides, the multivariate meta- regression indicated the actual study year between 2011 and 2015 was significantly associated with the environmental sample-based prevalence estimates of these FBP. This systematic review and meta-analysis depicted FBP are important in Ethiopia though majority of the studies were conducted separately either in human, animal or environmental samples employing routine culture based diagnostic method. Thus, further FBD study at the human, animal and environmental interface employing advanced diagnostic methods is needed to investigate source attributions of FBD in one health approach.
Clinical outcomes of two-stage revision for chronic periprosthetic joint infection of the knee: culture-negative versus culture-positive
Authors: Kim Chang-Wan , Lee Chang-Rack , Park Dae-Hyun , Kim Doo-Yeol , Kim Jeong-Woo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The effect of negative culture on the treatment outcomes of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the outcomes of two-stage revision in culture-negative chronic PJI differ from those in culture-positive PJI.

Methods
The patients who received two-stage revisions due to chronic PJI during the period between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The culture-negative and culture-positive PJI group included 57 cases and 79 cases, respectively. The demographic data, as well as reoperation, mortality, reinfection, and failure rates of each group were evaluated.

Results
There was a significant difference in reoperation rate between the two groups for the period from the first-stage surgery to the second-stage revision arthroplasty (p = 0.045). The reoperation rate of the culture-positive group was 25.3% (20/79) whereas that of the culture-negative group was 10.5% (6/57). Among the 136 PJI cases, 97 cases (71.3%) received reimplantation surgery (culture-negative group, 43 cases; culture-positive group, 54 cases). No significant difference was noted between the culture-negative and culture-positive groups with respect to the number of cases that did not undergo reimplantation surgery and the reoperation, reinfection, mortality, and failure rates after two-stage surgery (p > 0.05, all parameters).

Conclusions
The culture outcome had no significant effect on the outcome of the two-stage revision in patients with chronic PJI. The reoperation rate after first-stage surgery was significantly higher in the culture-positive group, but the overall failure rate did not significantly differ in both the groups. The presence of a negative culture might be a good prognostic factor for chronic PJI.
A close look at change: the role of an instructional-team community on an Instructor’s evolution during instructional reform
Authors: Southard Katelyn M. , Hester Susan D. , Jurkiewicz Jazmin , Curry Joan E. , Kim Young Ae , Cox Jonathan , Elfring Lisa K. , Blowers Paul , Talanquer Vicente 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn transforming undergraduate STEM education, it is important to understand the personal and contextual factors that impact instructors’ reform efforts. In this study we explored an instructor’s drivers and motivators for change in perspectives and practice, with an emphasis on the impact of an internal community (her ‘instructional team’) comprised of a co-instructor, graduate teaching assistants, and several undergraduate learning assistants (LAs). Data were collected over two semesters through classroom observations, interviews, faculty learning community discussion recordings, and team email communications. We identified pedagogical discontentment as a primary initial trigger for the instructor’s engagement in instructional reform, guided by personal values and beliefs about student learning and the nature of her discipline. The instructional-team community, which was established during a period of instructional distress, provided 1) consistent support in instructional planning, implementation, assessment, and reflection processes, 2) unique access to different perspectives on the nuances of the teaching environment and student challenges, 3) increased space, time, and motivation for the instructor to more critically reflect on her teaching and engage in creative instructional design. This case illustrates the potential effects of instructional team-based communities on instructors as they work to improve their practice and reform their courses.
Cardiovascular system and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): mutual injuries and unexpected outcomes
Authors: Sobh Eman , Reihan Muhammad Saad , Hifnawy Tamer M. S. , Abdelsalam Khloud Gamal , Awad Sohaila Sabry , Mahmoud Nehal Mostafa Hamed , Sindi Nariman A. , Alhadrami Hani A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular system involvement in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has gained great interest in the scientific community.

Main body
Several studies reported increased morbidity and mortality among COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). COVID-19 may be associated with cardiovascular complications as arrhythmia, myocarditis, and thromboembolic events. We aimed to illustrate the interactions of COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system and the consequences on clinical decision as well as public health.

Conclusions
COVID-19 has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system. A high index of suspicion should be present to avoid poor prognosis of those presenting with unusual presentation.
Isolation and characterization of novel phage (Podoviridae ɸParuNE1) and its efficacy against multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilm
Authors: Enwuru Nkechi V. , Gill Jason J. , Anttonen Katri P. , Enwuru Christian A. , Young Ry. , Coker Akinloye O. , Cirillo Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) could form biofilm that conveys multi-drug resistance. Bacteriophage as an alternative to antibacterial resistance is useful against biofilm complications. This study evaluated antibacterial and biofilm removal activities of lytic phage, specific against multi-drug-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa.

Results
The phage showed a wide range of pH (5–10) and heat (7–44 °C) stability. Electron microscopy showed ɸPauNE1 phage head (60 nm in diameter) and non-contractile tail (12 nm in length by 8 nm in width); hence, the family Podoviridae and the order Caudovirales. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed structured protein of 55 kDa and double-stranded DNA of 45 kb. The phage was species specific and had broad host range activity. It inhibited bacterial growth at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1–0.000001 pfu/ml. Inhibition was maximal at both low (1 × 105) and high (1 × 109) bacterial CFU/ml. Biofilm removal test showed that the phage removed more than 60% cell biomass within CFU/ml of 1.5 × 108, 6.0 × 108 and l.0 × 109.

Conclusion
Phage (ɸPauNE1) was unique and had broad host range activity. The phage exhibited strong bacteriolytic activity against biofilm forming multi-drug-resistant strains. It had no lytic effect on the heterogeneous strains and so a promising bioagent.
Neutron charge radius from intrinsic quark flavour generation
Authors: Trinhammer Ole L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The finite, non-zero mean square neutron charge radius is understood in the present work to have a topological origin from an intrinsic neutron configuration in the Lie group U(3). We introduce up and down quark orbits in the configuration for the neutron mass eigenstate. From reciprocal Gaussian curvatures we infer a mean square charge radius of −0.1075 square fermis a few standard deviations away from the world average of −0.1161 square fermis.
Decreased Monocyte Count Is Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Development, Macrosomia, and Inflammation
Authors: Huang Xinmei , Zha Bingbing , Zhang Manna , Li Yue , Wu Yueyue , Zhang Rui , Sheng Li , Xu Jiong , Yu Zhiyan , Gao Cuijun , Chen Zaoping , Ding Heyuan , Ma Ling , Zhang Yanquan , Zang Shufei , Zhang Tie-Ning , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
The immune system plays a central role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Monocytes, the main innate immune cells, are especially important in the maintenance of a normal pregnancy.

Objective
Here, we investigated the potential effect of monocytes in GDM.

Methods
Monocyte count was monitored throughout pregnancy in 214 women with GDM and 926 women without in a case-control and cohort study. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, placenta-derived macrophages, and their products were measured.

Results
Throughout pregnancy, monocyte count was significantly decreased in women with GDM, and was closely associated with glucose level, insulin resistance, and newborn weight. First-trimester monocyte count outperformed that of the second and third trimester as a risk factor and diagnostic predictor of GDM and macrosomia both in the case-control and cohort study. In addition, our cohort study showed that as first-trimester monocyte count decreased, GDM and macrosomia incidence, glucose level, and newborn weight increased in a stepwise manner. Risk of GDM started to decrease rapidly when first-trimester monocyte count exceeded 0.48 × 109/L. Notably, CD206 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly lower, whereas CD80, CD86, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher both in GDM placental tissue and peripheral blood. First-trimester monocyte count was positively related to IL-10 and CD206, but negatively related to CD80, CD86, TNF-α, and IL-6.

Conclusion
Decreased monocyte count throughout pregnancy was closely associated with the development of GDM, macrosomia, and the chronic inflammatory state of GDM. First-trimester monocyte count has great potential as an early diagnostic marker of GDM.
Sexual Differentiation Specifies Cellular Responses to DNA Damage
Authors: Broestl Lauren , Rubin Joshua B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Significant sex differences exist across cellular, tissue organization, and body system scales to serve the distinct sex-specific functions required for reproduction. They are present in all animals that reproduce sexually and have widespread impacts on normal development, aging, and disease. Observed from the moment of fertilization, sex differences are patterned by sexual differentiation, a lifelong process that involves mechanisms related to sex chromosome complement and the epigenetic and acute activational effects of sex hormones. In this mini-review, we examine evidence for sex differences in cellular responses to DNA damage, their underlying mechanisms, and how they might relate to sex differences in cancer incidence and response to DNA-damaging treatments.
Safety of Continuous Erector Spinae Catheters in Chest Trauma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: White L. D. , Riley B. , Davis K. , Thang C. , Mitchell A. , Abi-fares C. , Basson W. , Anstey C. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:
The erector spinae block is an efficacious analgesic option for the management of rib fracture--related pain. Despite there being minimal published data specifically addressing the safety profile of this block, many societies have made statements regarding its safety and its use as an alternative to traditional regional anesthesia techniques in patients at risk of complications. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the safety profile of erector spinae plane block catheters by determining the incidence of early complications. The secondary aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of late adverse events, as well as the erector spinae plane block catheter failure rate.

METHODS:
We analyzed electronic medical record data of patients who had an erector spinae plane block catheter inserted for the management of rib fractures between November 2017 and September 2020. To assess early adverse events, data collection included hypotension, hypoxemia, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and pneumothorax thought to be associated with erector spinae plane block catheter insertion. Late complications included catheter site infection and catheter site hematoma.

RESULTS:
A total of 224 patients received 244 continuous erector spinae catheters during the study period. After insertion of the erector spinae, there were no immediate complications such as hypotension, hypoxia, local anesthetic toxicity, or pneumothorax. Of all blocks inserted, 7.7% were removed due to catheter failure (8.4 per 100 catheters; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1–13.9 per 100 catheters). This resulted in a failure rate of 1.9 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI, 1.1–6.7 catheter days). Late complications included 2 erythematous catheter sites and 2 small hematomas not requiring intervention. The incidence of a minor late complication was 16.7 per 1000 catheters (95% CI, 6.1–45.5 per 1000 catheters).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study supports the statements made by regional anesthesia societies regarding the safety of the erector spinae plane block. Based on the results presented in this population of trauma patients, the erector spinae plane block catheter is a low-risk analgesic technique that may be performed in the presence of abnormal coagulation status or systemic infection.
An international virtual hackathon to build tools for the analysis of structural variants within species ranging from coronaviruses to vertebrates
Authors: Mc Cartney Ann M. , Mahmoud Medhat , Jochum Michael , Agustinho Daniel Paiva , Zorman Barry , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Dabbaghie Fawaz , K Kesharwani Rupesh , Smolka Moritz , Dawood Moez , Albin Dreycey , Aliyev Elbay , Almabrazi Hakeem , Arslan Ahmed , Balaji Advait , Behera Sairam , Billingsley Kimberley , L Cameron Daniel , Daw Joyjit , T. Dawson Eric , De Coster Wouter , Du Haowei , Dunn Christopher , Esteban Rocio , Jolly Angad , Kalra Divya , Liao Chunxiao , Liu Yunxi , Lu Tsung-Yu , M Havrilla James , M Khayat Michael , Marin Maximillian , Monlong Jean , Price Stephen , Rafael Gener Alejandro , Ren Jingwen , Sagayaradj Sagayamary , Sapoval Nicolae , Sinner Claude , C. Soto Daniela , Soylev Arda , Subramaniyan Arun , Syed Najeeb , Tadimeti Neha , Tater Pamella , Vats Pankaj , Vaughn Justin , Walker Kimberly , Wang Gaojianyong , Zeng Qiandong , Zhang Shangzhe , Zhao Tingting , Kille Bryce , Biederstedt Evan , Chaisson Mark , English Adam , Kronenberg Zev , J. Treangen Todd , Hefferon Timothy , Chin Chen-Shan , Busby Ben , J Sedlazeck Fritz 
Published: September 2021

In October 2020, 62 scientists from nine nations worked together remotely in the Second Baylor College of Medicine & DNAnexus hackathon, focusing on different related topics on Structural Variation, Pan-genomes, and SARS-CoV-2 related research. The overarching focus was to assess the current status of the field and identify the remaining challenges. Furthermore, how to combine the strengths of the different interests to drive research and method development forward. Over the four days, eight groups each designed and developed new open-source methods to improve the identification and analysis of variations among species, including humans and SARS-CoV-2. These included improvements in SV calling, genotyping, annotations and filtering. Together with advancements in benchmarking existing methods. Furthermore, groups focused on the diversity of SARS-CoV-2. Daily discussion summary and methods are available publicly at https://github.com/collaborativebioinformatics provides valuable insights for both participants and the research community.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the first pandemic wave in UK healthcare workers in a large NHS Foundation Trust
Authors: Colton Hayley , Hodgson David , Hornsby Hailey , Brown Rebecca , Mckenzie Joanne , Bradley Kirsty L. , James Cameron , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Birch Sarah , Marsh Louise , Wood Steven , Bayley Martin , Dickson Gary , James David C. , Nicklin Martin J. , Sayers Jon R. , Zafred Domen , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Kudesia Goura , Kucharski Adam ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Darton Thomas C. , de Silva Thushan I. , Collini Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to measure SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first UK wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, explore risk factors associated with infection, and investigate the impact of antibody titres on assay sensitivity. Methods: HCWs at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were prospectively enrolled and sampled at two time points. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested using an in-house assay for IgG and IgA reactivity against Spike and Nucleoprotein (sensitivity 99·47%, specificity 99·56%). Data were analysed using three statistical models: a seroprevalence model, an antibody kinetics model, and a heterogeneous sensitivity model. Results: As of 12th June 2020, 24·4% (n=311/1275) of HCWs were seropositive. Of these, 39·2% (n=122/311) were asymptomatic. The highest adjusted seroprevalence was measured in HCWs on the Acute Medical Unit (41·1%, 95% CrI 30·0–52·9) and in Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapists (39·2%, 95% CrI 24·4–56·5). Older age groups showed overall higher median antibody titres. Further modelling suggests that, for a serological assay with an overall sensitivity of 80%, antibody titres may be markedly affected by differences in age, with sensitivity estimates of 89% in those over 60 years but 61% in those ≤30 years. Conclusions: HCWs in acute medical units working closely with COVID-19 patients were at highest risk of infection, though whether these are infections acquired from patients or other staff is unknown. Current serological assays may underestimate seroprevalence in younger age groups if validated using sera from older and/or more symptomatic individuals.
ИНТЕРСЕМИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД В АСПЕКТЕ ВЫМЫШЛЕННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
Authors: Karpukhina Victoria N. , Nikolaeva Olesya E. 
Published: September 2021

В данной статье рассматривается интерсемиотический перевод и его составляющие с позиций языкознания и семиотики. Уделяется внимание вербальным и невербальным семиотическим системам в контексте кодирования и декодирования информации, причинам их возникновения, особенностям их функционирования и месту в различных классификациях исследователей. Предпринята попытка дать определение вымышленному языку в контексте интерсемиотического дискурса. Целью исследования является выяснение адекватности перевода с вымышленного языка как искусственного на естественный язык и наоборот. Авторами исследуются художественные особенности вымышленных языков на примере языков Дж.Р.Р. Толкина и М. Окранда, приводятся примеры из языков квенья и синдар, изобретенных Толкином. Авторы также рассматривают феномен искусственного языка как искусственно созданной семиотической системы, напрямую соотнесенной с естественным языком и созданной по его принципам. В работе используются текстологический и сравнительный методы.
Результаты. Авторы приходят к выводу, что ключевым моментом в интерсемиотическом переводе вымышленных языков является интерпретация и взаимосвязь с естественными языками, а вымышленные языки могут рассматриваться как важная художественная составляющая произведения, культурно идентифицирующая картину мира народов, говорящих на нем.