bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Nonalcoholic Fatty-Liver Disease Heterogeneity
Authors: Arrese Marco , Arab Juan P. , Barrera Francisco , Kaufmann Benedikt , Valenti Luca , Feldstein Ariel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe acronym nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) groups a heterogeneous patient population. Although in many patients the primary driver is metabolic dysfunction, a complex and dynamic interaction of different factors (i.e., sex, presence of one or more genetic variants, coexistence of different comorbidities, diverse microbiota composition, and various degrees of alcohol consumption among others) takes place to determine disease subphenotypes with distinct natural history and prognosis and, eventually, different response to therapy. This review aims to address this topic through the analysis of existing data on the differential contribution of known factors to the pathogenesis and clinical expression of NAFLD, thus determining the different clinical subphenotypes observed in practice. To improve our understanding of NAFLD heterogeneity and the dominant drivers of disease in patient subgroups would predictably impact on the development of more precision-targeted therapies for NAFLD.
Brakeman or booster? Presidents, ideological polarization, reciprocity, and the politics of US arms control
Authors: Böller Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUS arms control policies have shifted frequently in the last 60 years, ranging from the role of a ‘brakeman’ regarding international arms control, to the role of a ‘booster,’ initiating new agreements. My article analyzes the conditions that contribute to this mixed pattern. A crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) evaluates 24 cases of US decisions on international arms control treaties (1963–2021). The analysis reveals that the strength of conservative treaty skeptics in the Senate, in conjunction with other factors, has contributed to the demise of arms control policies since the end of the Cold War. A brief study of the Trump administration’s arms control policies provides case-sensitive insights to corroborate the conditions identified by the QCA. The findings suggest that conservative treaty skeptics contested the bipartisan consensus and thus impaired the ability of the USA to perform its leadership role within the international arms control regime.
Upgrade of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy system on J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Zhang X. Y. , Qing W. J. , Zhang X. L. , Jiao S. D. , Li Q. , Ding Y. H. , Wang L. , Cheng Z. F. ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: July 2021

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy system on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak has been upgraded to achieve fast acquisition for the study of impurity transport in transient modulated experiments. In this upgrade, the previous high-energy charge-coupled device detector was replaced by a microchannel plate with a CsI-coated photocathode and P43 phosphor to transform the VUV light to visible light, which is then acquired by a high-speed electron-multiplying charge-coupled device. Two-stage focusing was achieved using a reference slit plate illuminated successively by a green light source and the Lyman series hydrogen spectral lines from the vacuum-conditioning plasma. The spatial resolution was evaluated as ∼4 mm based on the level of image blurring from the alignment plate. A response time of ∼2 ms was obtained with the ten-vertical-track setup.
Tensor-tensor algebra for optimal representation and compression of multiway data
Authors: Kilmer Misha E. , Horesh Lior , Avron Haim , Newman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Many real-world data are inherently multidimensional; however, often data are processed as two-dimensional arrays (matrices), even if the data are naturally represented in higher dimension. The common practice of matricizing high-dimensional data is due to the ubiquitousness and strong theoretical foundations of matrix algebra. Various tensor-based approximations have been proposed to exploit high-dimensional correlations. While these high-dimensional techniques have been effective in many applications, none have been theoretically proven to outperform matricization generically. In this study, we propose matrix-mimetic, tensor-algebraic formulations to preserve and process data in its native, multidimensional format. For a general family of tensor algebras we prove the superiority of optimal truncated tensor representations to traditional matrix-based representations with implications for other related tensorial frameworks.
Drugs repurposed for COVID-19 by virtual screening of 6,218 drugs and cell-based assay
Authors: Jang Woo Dae , Jeon Sangeun , Kim Seungtaek , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Recent spread of SARS-CoV-2 has sparked significant health concerns of emerging infectious viruses. Drug repurposing is a tangible strategy for developing antiviral agents within a short period. In general, drug repurposing starts with virtual screening of approved drugs employing docking simulations. However, the actual hit rate is low, and most of the predicted compounds are false positives. To tackle the challenges, we report advanced virtual screening with pre- and postdocking pharmacophore filtering of 6,218 drugs for COVID-19. Notably, 7 out of 38 compounds showed efficacies in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Three of these were also found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in human Calu-3 cells. Furthermore, three drug combinations showed strong synergistic effects in SARS-CoV-2 inhibition at their clinically achievable concentrations.
Pain and itch processing by subpopulations of molecularly diverse spinal and trigeminal projection neurons
Authors: Wercberger Racheli , Braz Joao M. , Weinrich Jarret A. , Basbaum Allan I. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
To generate modality-specific percepts (e.g., pain vs. itch), the brain must interpret the activity that arises from the output cells (projection neurons) of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which receive and then transmit pain- or itch-provoking stimuli. However, neither the extent to which projection neurons relay modality-specific messages nor the molecular makeup of these neurons is clear. Here, we report that the projection neurons are, in fact, diverse, not only molecularly but also functionally. By focusing on genes expressed by projection neurons within the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and non–NK1R-expressing populations, we also demonstrate considerable functional heterogeneity among these subsets, including nociceptive (pain)-specific, pruriceptive (itch)-specific, and polymodal (both pain and itch) subsets of projection neurons.
Design and proof of concept for targeted phage-based COVID-19 vaccination strategies with a streamlined cold-free supply chain
Authors: Staquicini Daniela I. , Tang Fenny H. F. , Markosian Christopher , Yao Virginia J. , Staquicini Fernanda I. , Dodero-Rojas Esteban , Contessoto Vinícius G. , Davis Deodate , O’Brien Paul , Habib Nazia , Smith Tracey L. , Bruiners Natalie , Sidman Richard L. , Gennaro Maria L. , Lattime Edmund C. , Libutti Steven K. , Whitford Paul C. , Burley Stephen K. , Onuchic José N. , Arap Wadih , Pasqualini Renata 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact. Although several vaccines have received emergency use authorization, demand has created enormous logistical challenges—including supply, access, and distribution—that justify research for alternative strategies. Phage are viruses that only infect bacteria and can be safely administered to humans. Here, as a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that aerosol vaccination with lung-targeted phage particles displaying short SARS-CoV-2 S protein epitopes and subcutaneous vaccination with targeted AAVP particles carrying the entire S protein gene both elicit systemic and specific immune responses in immunocompetent mice. Given their unique attributes, including sturdiness, simple-to-engineer platform, cost-effectiveness for rapid large-scale production, and stability at room temperature, these phage-based approaches may become attractive tools for COVID-19 vaccine development.
Discursive ripple effects in language policy and practice
Authors: Ou Wanyu Amy , Gu Mingyue Michelle , Hult Francis M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe advancement of English as an instrument for the internationalization of higher education has foregrounded English as an academic lingua franca (EALF), and the case of China is no exception. This study focuses on the process by which EALF has been interpreted and negotiated across university policies and local practices in China’s internationalized higher education. Drawing upon nexus analysis and multisource data, the study traced the discursive (re)location of EALF across different scales of social activity related to multilingualism at an English-medium transnational university in China. Our analysis illustrates the tension between English and other co-existing languages, as presented in educational language policies and as perceived and practiced by multilingual students in the local communicative context. The findings also show an interactive policymaking process through which students and university administrators opened ideological and implementational spaces that linguistically and semiotically pluralized communicative scenarios at the internationalized university in focus.
ICRF modelling in 2D and 3D magnetic configurations using a hot plasma model
Authors: Machielsen M , Graves J P , Cooper W A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The generation of energetic trapped ions is important for experiments investigating their confinement in 3D magnetic fields, for plasma heating, for studies into unwanted drive of instabilities, and improved transport regimes. An effective way to generate such energetic ions is with ion cyclotron resonance heating. SCENIC is a tool built to self consistently model the magnetic equilibrium, the radio frequency wave, and the minority distribution function in steady state. In this paper the impact of higher order finite Larmor radius corrections in the dielectric tensor will be described. The RF electric field and the power deposition in the new hot model are compared against the previously used warm model for several JET plasmas. Considerable differences are found in some of the scenarios. The new version of the wave code LEMan also supports the direct use of particle-in-cell marker data to compute the dielectric tensor. An expression for the dielectric tensor is derived, and it is applied to a test case in JET. The power deposition profile agrees very well with that of a Maxwellian reference case, which is promising for future applications. Moreover, a full SCENIC run shows a significantly enhanced fast ion tail. In a demonstration of the novel features of LEMan, it is also applied to minority heating in the intrinsically 3D plasma of W7-X.
Improving motor imagery classification during induced motor perturbations
Authors: Vidaurre C , Jorajuría T , Ramos-Murguialday A , Müller K-R , Gómez M , Nikulin V V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. Motor imagery is the mental simulation of movements. It is a common paradigm to design brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that elicits the modulation of brain oscillatory activity similar to real, passive and induced movements. In this study, we used peripheral stimulation to provoke movements of one limb during the performance of motor imagery tasks. Unlike other works, in which induced movements are used to support the BCI operation, our goal was to test and improve the robustness of motor imagery based BCI systems to perturbations caused by artificially generated movements. Approach. We performed a BCI session with ten participants who carried out motor imagery of three limbs. In some of the trials, one of the arms was moved by neuromuscular stimulation. We analysed 2-class motor imagery classifications with and without movement perturbations. We investigated the performance decrease produced by these disturbances and designed different computational strategies to attenuate the observed classification accuracy drop. Main results. When the movement was induced in a limb not coincident with the motor imagery classes, extracting oscillatory sources of the movement imagination tasks resulted in BCI performance being similar to the control (undisturbed) condition; when the movement was induced in a limb also involved in the motor imagery tasks, the performance drop was significantly alleviated by spatially filtering out the neural noise caused by the stimulation. We also show that the loss of BCI accuracy was accompanied by weaker power of the sensorimotor rhythm. Importantly, this residual power could be used to predict whether a BCI user will perform with sufficient accuracy under the movement disturbances. Significance. We provide methods to ameliorate and even eliminate motor related afferent disturbances during the performance of motor imagery tasks. This can help improving the reliability of current motor imagery based BCI systems.
Tuning Parameters of ANFIS Model Using Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Najim Fatima Hashim , Qasim Omar Saber 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, researchers have worked to find multiple methods to overcome the classification problems they encountered. In this paper, both the Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) algorithm are connected with the Adaptive Fuzzy Inference System (AFIS) model, through two stages, the first stage, CPSO algorithm is used to tune parameters of the fuzzy inference system model. In the second stage, the fuzzy inference system model is constructed according to the optimum parameters that are found by the CPSO algorithm. The proposed CPSO-AFIS algorithm demonstrated efficacy and efficiency compared to the standard algorithm Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).
Flood Behavior of Al-Hammar Marshes
Authors: Yaseen Sarah T. , Shaban Auday H. , Jasim Kareem A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe marshes of southern Iraq are among the most important and largest wetlands in the Middle East and the world are characterized by the freshness of their waters and their environmental diversity. The marshes have undergone many changes during the past decades and to discover and study these changes, remote sensing data will be used as sources of information and data in this study represented by the Landsat 8 satellite images (OLI), the images were collected for years from 2013 to 2019, and by applying remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems techniques, changes in Al-Hammar marsh were detected during the past seven years, the supervised classification method (maximum likelihood) was applied to classify the region Were identified six main categories of the land cover (deep water, shallow water, small cane, large cane, plant, soil) using the software (ENVI 5.3), the final maps were produced for classification using (ArcGIS 10.4.1) software, the results showed Significant change in the water content of Al-Hammar marsh and the increase in the proportion of flooding during the year 2019 to the highest rate since 2013. In addition, the results showed the accuracy and success of the supervised classification method (maximum likelihood) in the classification of images as they are considered the best classification methods, the fastest and high accuracy.
The influence of temperature and size on the absorption coefficient of CdSe quantum dots
Authors: Hammadand Roaa Sh. , Abdul-Ameer Nidhal M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Because of Cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe quantum dots) has a tuning energy gap in the visible light range, therefore; it is provided a simple theoretical model for the absorption coefficient of CdSe quantum dots, where the absorption coefficient determines the extent to which the light of a material can penetrate a specific wavelength before it is absorbed. CdSe quantum dots have an energy gap can be controlled through two effects: the temperature and the dot size of them. It is found that; there is an absorption threshold for each directed wavelength, where CdSe quantum dots begin to absorb the visible spectrum at a size of 1.4 nm at room temperature for a directed wavelength 300 nm. It has been observed that; when the wavelength is increasing its absorption threshold is increased. For wavelengths (400, 500, 600) nm, the absorption thresholds for each quantum sizes are (1.8, 2.2. 3.2)nm respectively. On the other hand, a rising of the temperature led to reduces the absorption coefficient value, that at 400 K for all quantum sizes, the absorption coefficient increases >2000cm−1(According to the directed wavelength) than it is at 0 K. CdSe quantum dots can be considered as one of the most promising materials because it has a tuning gap for the visible wavelengthsfor different applications, such as light-emitting diodes in different colors of the visible spectrum. It is found that; there is a good agreement between our theoretical calculations and experimental results.
Investigation of Single-Phase Flow Characteristics in an Inline Pin-Fins Complex Geometry
Authors: Shakir R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this guess investigation of concerns R113 heat transfer of pressure drop flow in single-phase flow in inline on the square shape of micro-channel of pin-fins own a (5×5 mm2) cross-area segment section via of (5 mm) heightly. Therefore, the inline square micro-channel of pin-fins complex geometry additionally owning (25) numbers of the pin-fins, total pin-fins channel dimension (50 mm × 50 mm). Subsequently. The liquid has (25°C) inlet temperature for the same inlet temperature six mass flow rates were applied, ranging from (0.0025 - 0.01 kg/sec), and heat apply ranged from (40-200 Watts). Guess single-phase heat transfer coefficients, guess liquid temperatures and guess wall temperatures were reported in this investigation.
Investigation of Potential Marine Bacterial Isolates in Biodegradation Methods on Hydrocarbon Contamination
Authors: Armus R , Selry C , Marzuki I , Hasan H , Syamsia  , Sapar A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydrocarbon pollution, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic in the sea, has a negative impact on biota and must be controlled. Identification and isolation of bacteria that have the potential to degrade hydrocarbons in the sea need to be done to overcome the hydrocarbon pollution. The methods used include quantitative test for biodegradation capacity, identification of bacterial species, phenotype test for gram staining, biochemical test, and genotype test using PCR. The results of identification, selection and optimization of isolates, obtained seven types of consortium bacterial isolates with codes BI, BA, AB, BS, BP, BASA and BAPS which have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. The phenotypic data showed that there were 3 isolates from the group of gram-positive Baccilus bacteria, while based on the genotype data, the three isolates were identified as Bacillus infantis and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results of the biodegradation activity test showed that the bacterial isolate was able to reduce the surface tension of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, so that the bacteria could act as a degrading hydrocarbon pollutant.
Adaptation of Climate Change to Vulnerability of Raw Water Availability in Bantaeng, South Sulawesi
Authors: Rusli M , Chaerul M , Marzuki I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Various processes triggering global climate change and climate change have been accepted by many parties as a necessity characterized by global warming, with a direct impact on the hydrological cycle, so that climate change is believed to have a real impact on water resources. Taking into account the possible consequences of climate change, it will be extremely important to examine how fluctuation in temperature and rainfall pattern shift will affect the water supply system. With this climate change, it will lead to vulnerability to the availability of raw water. The vulnerability referred to in Bantaeng was simply determined by three factors that were considered dominant, namely water needs, water sources, and community welfare. The analysis results showed that there was a higher risk increase which was influenced by hydrogeological conditions related to groundwater potential. Optimal groundwater management was expected to contribute as an adaptation effort to climate change risks to water sources.
Describing Representation Ability of Prospective Science Teacher Based on Learning Style
Authors: Yunus S R , Tawil M , Muhiddin N H , Muhiddin S M A , Alim M H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ability to represent a phenomenon in various forms either graphically, mathematically, in diagrams, etc. is the ability of multiple representations. This study aims to provide an overview of the multiple representation abilities of prospective science teacher based on their learning styles. The sample was 59 students of the 4th semester of Science Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Makassar who took course of Fluid. The research instrument used were a learning style test and a representation ability test on dynamic fluid material in the form of multiple choices. The results of the learning style test showed that 21 are auditory learner, 11 are kinesthetic, and 27 are visual. Furthermore, the results of the representation ability test related to image representation, graphic representation, verbal representation and symbolic representation were analysed according to the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. The results of data analysis showed that the highest average value of graphic representation ability was owned by students with a visual learning style in the medium category. Furthermore, the highest value of the ability to represent images, symbols, and verbal was had by kinesthetic learner with each category, medium, high, and high. Based on these results it can be concluded that science teacher candidates with kinesthetic learning styles have better representation abilities than the other two learning styles.
The contribution of land cover change to the decline of honey yields in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Smith David , Davis Amélie , Hitaj Claudia , Hellerstein Daniel , Preslicka Amanda , Kogge Emma , Mushet David , Lonsdorf Eric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Decreased availability of forage, as well as increased pesticide exposure, are important factors in the decline of honey bee health. Here, we isolate land cover transitions and their effect on honey production at 160 commercial apiaries in the Northern Great Plains. We found that land cover changes from 2008 to 2012 caused an annual decline in honey yields of 0.9% in the study area. Transitions from grassland to soybean (but not corn) were particularly detrimental to honey yields, potentially due to bee contact with pesticides within and around agricultural fields. When our results are applied to known apiary locations across all of North Dakota (U.S.A.), we estimate a 2.5% (1.6 million USD) decline in 2012 honey yields due to land cover changes occurring between 2008 and 2012. Even when controlling for changes in land cover, we found that on average colonies in the study area experienced a 14% annual decline in honey yields. We discuss possible explanations for these non-land-cover-related honey yield declines, including changing economic conditions (e.g. pollination services), changes in land management (e.g. pesticides), and increases in pests or diseases.