bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India's multi-alignment management and the Russia–India–China (RIC) triangle
Authors: O'Donnell Frank , Papa Mihaela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In its Eurasian diplomacy toward Russia and China, India has preferred to engage these states bilaterally and through the Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) multilateral alignments. By contrast, India views the Russia–India–China (RIC) triangle as a less effective mechanism. However, despite its ongoing militarized crisis with China in the spring/summer of 2020, India surprisingly agreed to participate in a meeting of RIC foreign ministers and initiate RIC defence ministers' engagements. India also initiated the revival of RIC summits in 2018. This article analyzes the drivers for India's recent shift toward enhancing RIC. Drawing upon Indian policy statements and alignment documents, the article firstly argues that India generates policy agenda overlaps across RIC, BRICS and SCO, which facilitate forum-shopping. Introducing the case-study of Indian counterterrorism diplomacy across the three alignments, the article secondly argues that Indian dissatisfaction with its progress in advancing a security policy agenda within one grouping leads it to refocus on building this agenda in alternative alignments. This article contributes to conceptualizing multi-alignment management, while providing new insights into Indian relations with Russia and China within multilateral institutions and diplomacy in the era of regime complexity.
Giant left atrial capillary haemangioma invading left-main coronary artery
Authors: Yildirim Serkan , Işik Mehmet , Tanyeli Ömer , Görmüş Niyazi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cardiac haemangiomas are rare cases and can be seen at any age of life. A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with chest pain. A well-circumscribed soft tissue mass extending from the pulmonary artery truncus to the left ventricular inferior neighborhood. Following surgical resection, the patient was discharged 4 days after surgery.
Confocal endomicroscopy and robot-assisted bronchoplasty integration to treat an endobronchial tumour
Authors: Terra Ricardo Mingarini , Trindade Juliana Mol , Gregório Paulo Henrique Peitl , Pontual Lima Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a case of a young man with an endobronchial carcinoid in the left main bronchus, which was treated integrating probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and fluorescence imaging during a robot-assisted bronchoplasty. This technique allowed precise detection of the neoplastic area, avoiding associated lung resection. The incorporation of new technologies to our current practice may lead to a better approach to airway tumours.
Superior vena cava replacement for epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
Authors: Svitek Vladimir , Dzian Anton , Mičák Jozef 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epitheloid haemangiothelioma is extremely rare malignant tumour of vascular origin. Mediastinal location of this neoplasm with large veins involving is not common. We report a case of epitheloid haemangiothelioma in superior vena cava treated by radical resection and superior vena cava replacement with polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic graft. There is a certain risk of neurological injury during the cross-clamping of superior vena cava in patient with incompletely obstructed veins. Venovenous shunt is a useful surgical strategy in this type of lesion without necessity of cardiopulmonary bypass use.
Type I Hypersensitivity in Ferrets Following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Inoculum: Lessons Learned
Authors: Layton Daniel , Burkett Kathie , Marsh Glenn A , Singanallur Nagendrakumar B , Barr Jennifer , Layton Rachel , Riddell Sarah-Jane , Brown Sheree , Trinidad Lee , Au Gough G , McAuley Alexander J , Lowther Suzanne , Watson James , Vasan Seshadri S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This case report discusses Type I hypersensitivity in ferrets following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inoculum, observed during a study investigating the efficacy of candidate COVID-19 vaccines. Following a comprehensive internal root-cause investigation, it was hypothesized that prior prime-boost immunization of ferrets with a commercial canine C3 vaccine to protect against the canine distemper virus had resulted in primary immune response to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the C3 preparation. Upon intranasal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus cultured in medium containing FBS, an allergic airway response occurred in 6 out of 56 of the ferrets. The 6 impacted ferrets were randomly dispersed across study groups, including different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, routes of vaccine candidate administration, and controls (placebo). The root-cause investigation and subsequent analysis determined that the allergic reaction was unrelated to the COVID-19 vaccine candidates under evaluation. Histological assessment suggested that the allergic response was characterized by eosinophilic airway disease; increased serum immunoglobulin levels reactive to FBS further suggested this response was caused by immune priming to FBS present in the C3 vaccine. This was further supported by in vivo studies demonstrating ferrets administered diluted FBS also presented clinical signs consistent with a hyperallergic response, while clinical signs were absent in ferrets that received a serum-free SARS-CoV-2 inoculum. It is therefore recommended that vaccine studies in higher order animals should consider the impact of welfare vaccination and use serum-free inoculum whenever possible.
Solving block low-rank linear systems by LU factorization is numerically stable
Authors: Higham Nicholas J , Mary Theo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Block low-rank (BLR) matrices possess a blockwise low-rank property that can be exploited to reduce the complexity of numerical linear algebra algorithms. The impact of these low-rank approximations on the numerical stability of the algorithms in floating-point arithmetic has not previously been analysed. We present rounding error analysis for the solution of a linear system by LU factorization of BLR matrices. Assuming that a stable pivoting scheme is used, we prove backward stability: the relative backward error is bounded by a modest constant times $\varepsilon $, where the low-rank threshold $\varepsilon $ is the parameter controlling the accuracy of the blockwise low-rank approximations. In addition to this key result, our analysis offers three new insights into the numerical behaviour of BLR algorithms. First, we compare the use of a global or local low-rank threshold and find that a global one should be preferred. Second, we show that performing intermediate recompressions during the factorization can significantly reduce its cost without compromising numerical stability. Third, we consider different BLR factorization variants and determine the update–compress–factor variant to be the best. Tests on a wide range of matrices from various real-life applications show that the predictions from the analysis are realized in practice.
Analyzing the Weyl Construction for Dynamical Cartan Subalgebras
Authors: Duwenig Anna , Gillaspy Elizabeth , Norton Rachael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When the reduced twisted $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r({\mathcal{G}}, c)$ of a non-principal groupoid ${\mathcal{G}}$ admits a Cartan subalgebra, Renault’s work on Cartan subalgebras implies the existence of another groupoid description of $C^*_r({\mathcal{G}}, c)$. In an earlier paper, joint with Reznikoff and Wright, we identified situations where such a Cartan subalgebra arises from a subgroupoid ${\mathcal{S}}$ of ${\mathcal{G}}$. In this paper, we study the relationship between the original groupoids ${\mathcal{S}}, {\mathcal{G}}$ and the Weyl groupoid and twist associated to the Cartan pair. We first identify the spectrum ${\mathfrak{B}}$ of the Cartan subalgebra $C^*_r({\mathcal{S}}, c)$. We then show that the quotient groupoid ${\mathcal{G}}/{\mathcal{S}}$ acts on ${\mathfrak{B}}$, and that the corresponding action groupoid is exactly the Weyl groupoid of the Cartan pair. Lastly, we show that if the quotient map ${\mathcal{G}}\to{\mathcal{G}}/{\mathcal{S}}$ admits a continuous section, then the Weyl twist is also given by an explicit continuous $2$-cocycle on ${\mathcal{G}}/{\mathcal{S}} \ltimes{\mathfrak{B}}$.
On the Classification of Normal Stein Spaces and Finite Ball Quotients With Bergman–Einstein Metrics
Authors: Ebenfelt Peter , Xiao Ming , Xu Hang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the Bergman metric of a finite ball quotient $\mathbb{B}^n/\Gamma $, where $n \geq 2$ and $\Gamma \subseteq{\operatorname{Aut}}({\mathbb{B}}^n)$ is a finite, fixed point free, abelian group. We prove that this metric is Kähler–Einstein if and only if $\Gamma $ is trivial, that is, when the ball quotient $\mathbb{B}^n/\Gamma $ is the unit ball ${\mathbb{B}}^n$ itself. As a consequence, we characterize the unit ball among normal Stein spaces with isolated singularities and abelian fundamental groups in terms of the existence of a Bergman–Einstein metric.
Empty Axis-Parallel Boxes
Authors: Bukh Boris , Chao Ting-Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that, for every set of $n$ points in the $d$-dimensional unit cube, there is an empty axis-parallel box of volume at least $\Omega (d/n)$ as $n\to \infty $ and $d$ is fixed. In the opposite direction, we give a construction without an empty axis-parallel box of volume $O(d^2\log d/n)$. These improve on the previous best bounds of $\Omega (\log d/n)$ and $O(2^{7d}/n)$, respectively.
Masked and distanced: a qualitative study of how personal protective equipment and distancing affect teamwork in emergency care
Authors: Hayirli Tuna C , Stark Nicholas , Bhanja Aditi , Hardy James , Peabody Christopher R , Kerrissey Michaela J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Newly intensified use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in emergency departments presents teamwork challenges affecting the quality and safety of care at the frontlines.

Objective
We conducted a qualitative study to categorize and describe barriers to teamwork posed by PPE and distancing in the emergency setting.

Methods
We conducted 55 semi-structured interviews between June 2020 and August 2020 with personnel from two emergency departments serving in a variety of roles. We then performed a thematic analysis to identify and construct patterns of teamwork challenges into themes.

Results
We discovered two types of challenges to teamwork: material barriers related to wearing masks, gowns and powered air-purifying respirators, and spatial barriers implemented to conserve PPE and limit coronavirus exposure. Both material and spatial barriers resulted in disrupted communication, roles and interpersonal relationships, but they did so in unique ways. Material barriers muffled information flow, impeded team member recognition and role/task division, and reduced belonging and cohesion while increasing interpersonal strain. Spatial barriers resulted in mediated communication and added physical and emotional distance between teammates and patients.

Conclusion
Our findings identify specific aspects of how intensified PPE use disrupts teamwork and can inform efforts to ensure care quality and safety in emergency settings as PPE use continues during and, potentially beyond, the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.
Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage-based diets
Authors: Limede Arnaldo Cintra , Marques Rodrigo S , Polizel Daniel Montanher , Cappellozza Bruno Ieda , Miszura Alexandre Arantes , Barroso José Paulo Roman , Storti Martins André , Sardinha Lairana Aline , Baggio Marcelo , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin for 140 d on ruminal fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle offered a forage-based diet. In experiment 1, 32 rumen-cannulated Bos indicus Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 220 ± 12.6 kg] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON; n = 8), (2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (NAR; n = 8), (3) CON diet plus 20 ppm of salinomycin (SAL; n = 8), or (4) CON diet plus 3 ppm of flavomycin (FLA; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 140 d and was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not impact (P ≥ 0.17) dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Nonetheless, steers fed NAR had lower (P &lt; 0.01) molar proportion of acetate compared with CON, SAL, and FLA steers, whereas ruminal acetate tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.09) for SAL vs. CON and FLA, but did not differ (P = 0.68) between CON vs. FLA steers. Ruminal propionate was the highest (P &lt; 0.01) for steers fed NAR and did not differ (P &gt; 0.20) between CON, SAL, and FLA. Consequently, NAR steers had the lowest (P &lt; 0.01) Ac:Pr ratio, whereas Ac:Pr did not differ (P &gt; 0.18) among CON, SAL, and FLA. Total volatile fatty acids were greater (P &lt; 0.04) for NAR and CON vs. SAL and FLA, but did not differ (P &gt; 0.67) among NAR vs. CON and SAL vs. FLA. In experiment 2, 164 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk BW = 299 ± 2.5 kg) were assigned to feedlot pens for 140 d in a randomized complete block design. Within block (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to the same treatments used in experiment 1. Average daily gain was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in NAR vs. CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, and did not differ (P &gt; 0.12) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P &lt; 0.02) DMI (as kg/d or % BW) and final shrunk BW compared with CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, whereas DMI and final shrunk BW did not differ (P &gt; 0.26) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Feed efficiency, however, was not impacted (P = 0.51) by any feed additives used herein. Collectively, narasin was the only feed additive that benefited performance and ruminal fermentation of Nellore animals fed a forage-based diet.
Short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acid profiles and signaling is responsive to dietary phytase and lactic acid treatment of cereals along the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs
Authors: Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U , Klinsoda Jutamat , Vötterl Julia , Sharma Suchitra , Koger Simone , Sener-Aydemir Arife 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDietary and microbially derived fatty acids (FA) play important roles in gut mucosal inflammatory signaling, barrier function, and oxidative stress response. Nevertheless, little information is available about gastrointestinal FA profiles and receptor distribution in pigs, especially for long-chain FA (LCFA). Therefore, the present pilot study aimed to (1) investigate the gastrointestinal FA profiles; (2) link the luminal FA profiles to the mucosal expression of genes related to FA sensing and signaling; and (3) assess potential dietary effects on gut and systemic lipid metabolism in pigs. Gut, liver, and serum samples were obtained from barrows (13.1 ± 2.3 kg) fed diets containing either phytase (500 phytase units/kg diet) or cereals treated with 2.5% lactic acid (LA; n = 8/diet) for 18 d. Results showed gut regional and diet-related differences in luminal FA profiles and mucosal receptor expression, whereas diet little affected hepatic expression levels and serum lipids. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased from stomach, jejunum, and ileum to the cecum (P &lt; 0.05), whereas LCFA were higher in stomach, cecum, and colon than in jejunum and ileum (P &lt; 0.05). LA-treated cereals enhanced cecal acetate and butyrate, whereas phytase and LA treated cereals decreased the LCFA by 35.9% and 14.4%, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Gut regional differences suggested stronger signaling via FFAR1 expression in the ileum, and via FFAR2, FFAR4, and HCAR1 expression in cecum and colon (P &lt; 0.05). Expression of AMPK, FASN, PPARG, SREBP1, and SREBP2 was higher in the cecum and colon compared with the small intestine (P &lt; 0.05), with stronger sensing via FASN and SREBP2. Phytase decreased expression of FFAR2 and FFAR4, whereas it increased that of FFAR3 and MCT1 in the cecum (P &lt; 0.05). LA-treated cereals raised cecal expression of FFAR3 and HCAR1 (P &lt; 0.05). Pearson’s correlations (|r| &gt; 0.35; P &lt; 0.05) supported that FA receptor- and nuclear transcription factor-dependent pathways were involved in the mucosal regulation of gut incretin expression but differed across gut regions. In conclusion, results support regional differences in SCFA, lactate and LCFA sensing and absorption capacities in the small and large intestines of pigs. Effects of phytase and the LA-treated cereals on intestinal FA levels and signaling can be explained by differences in nutrient flows (e.g., phosphorus and carbohydrate fractions). This overview provides a solid basis for future intestinal FA sensing in pigs.
Delineating the Role of Serum Immunoglobulin Titers in Burn Patients at High Risk for Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Brennan Phillip G , Wright Kelsea , Miles M Victoria P , Lintner Alicia C , Alexander Kaitlin M , Kahn Steven A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is common in the population and reactivation of latent infection often occurs in times of physiologic stress, including postburn injury. Active HSV infection complicates burn injury recovery and increases morbidity. A retrospective chart review of high-risk burn patients (≥20%TBSA and/or facial burns) who had screening HSV immunoglobulin titers drawn from 2015 to 2018 was conducted. Titer levels and morbidity-related outcomes were compared between patients who developed active infection and those who did not. Fifty-six patients had serum HSV titers measured. Twenty-nine patients (52%) developed clinical signs of HSV infection, almost all of which (97%) suffered facial burns. Titers were ordered on median hospital day 1.5 (0.00–4.0) and infection occurred on day 8.0 (2.0–16). Median HSV-1,2 IgM titers were significantly increased in patients who developed clinically active HSV infection (0.71 [0.44–1.1] vs 0.52 [0.34–0.74], P = .02). Median HSV-1 IgG (P = .65) and HSV-2 IgG titers (P = .97) were not different between groups. Patients who developed active infection had a comparable hospital length of stay (27 [9.5–40] days vs 20 [8.0–28] days, P = .17) and ICU length of stay (26 [13–49] days vs 19 [11–27] days, P = .09) to those who did not develop infection. There was no difference in mortality. Increased HSV-1 and 2 IgM screening levels were associated with an increased risk of developing active HSV infection, and offer a specific screening modality in high-risk patients. Elevated IgM titers warrant further consideration for administration of HSV prophylaxis, as earlier intervention may prevent infection onset and minimize morbidity.
The use of biologics to improve patient-reported outcomes in hip preservation
Authors: Sullivan Spencer W , Aladesuru Oluwatobi M , Ranawat Anil S , Nwachukwu Benedict U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite lack of clear understanding, the use of biologic treatment methods has increased in the United States. Therapeutic methods, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) among other biologics, are commonly associated with relief of pain in a number of different orthopedic conditions. Within the past two decades, hip preservationists have investigated the roles of these biologic treatments in both non-operative and surgical management of common hip conditions. The purpose is to review the published literature surrounding the application and efficacy of biologics, most notably PRP, BMAC and HA, in the clinical management of hip conditions. The hip conditions examined in this review include hip osteoarthritis, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and associated labral tear pathology, avascular necrosis of the femoral head and gluteal/hamstring tendinopathy. While our review of the literature suggests that there is support for the implementation of biologics to relieve pain and improve function for hip conditions. Through further research efforts, it is important to stay updated with the clinical efficacy of biologics in hip preservation.
Feasibility of next-generation sequencing (Oncomine™ DX Target Test) for the screening of oncogenic mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Takeyasu Yuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Motoi Noriko , Teishikata Takashi , Tanaka Midori , Matsumoto Yuji , Shinno Yuki , Okuma Yusuke , Goto Yasushi , Horinouchi Hidehito , Kakishima Hiroki , Tsuchida Takaaki , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro , Yatabe Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The Oncomine™ Dx Target Test based on next-generation sequencing has been approved for the screening of oncogenic mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Methods
We assessed the tissue sample factors that affect the success rate of Oncomine™ Dx Target Test companion diagnostics and the feasibility of using biopsy specimens for Oncomine™ Dx Target Test companion diagnostics in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Results
Ninety-nine biopsy samples were subjected to genetic testing using the Oncomine™ Dx Target Test companion diagnostics to detect v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 mutations (Cohort 1), and 136 biopsy samples were examined using Oncomine™ Dx Target Test companion diagnostics for the detection of multiple oncogenic mutations (Cohort 2) between July 2018 and April 2020. We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data, including tissue size and tumour cell content. The success rate was 77% (76/99) in Cohort 1 and 93% (127/136) in Cohort 2. In Cohort 1, the success rate was significantly associated with the tumour cell content: the success rate was 63% for samples with a tumour cell content of &lt;20%, whereas it was 83% for samples with a tumour cell content of 20% or higher (P = 0.0446). The tissue size also affected the success rate: a success rate of 57% was obtained for tissue sizes &lt;4 mm2, whereas a success rate of 95% was obtained for tissue sizes of 4 mm2 or larger (P &lt; 0.0001). In Cohort 2, the success rate was 100% when tumour specimens with a tissue size of 4 mm2 or larger were used.

Conclusions
Tissue size and tumour cell content were significantly associated with the success rate of Oncomine™ Dx Target Test companion diagnostics.
Focus Stacking Images of Morphological Character States for Differentiating the Adults ofIxodes affinisandIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) in Areas of Sympatry
Authors: Nadolny Robyn M , Toliver Marcée , Gaff Holly D , Snodgrass John G , Robbins Richard G 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdult females and males of Ixodes affinis and Ixodes scapularis are illustrated by focus stacking image photography, and morphological character states are described that reliably differentiate the two species. In conjunction with other environmental cues, such as the questing phenology of adults, these characteristics will enable the rapid identification of adults of either sex along the southern Coastal Plain of the United States, where these species are sympatric.