bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns of Women Choosing Community Birth During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: DeJoy Sharon Bernecki , Mandel Deborah , McFadden Niamh , Petrecca Lauren 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, midwives have reported increased demand for community birth services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand childbearing persons’ decision‐making during the pandemic and to illuminate their experiences giving birth in community settings.MethodsThe study was framed by the interpretive phenomenological approach. Eligible participants were recruited from midwives providing out‐of‐hospital birth services. Of the 26 women who agreed to an interview, 17 were able to be reached and interviewed. Interviews followed a semistructured guide. Early paradigm cases were coded by all researchers, and then the first author coded the remaining transcripts. The final thematic structure was developed by the research team through an iterative process and validated through member checking.ResultsFour themes were identified: prior desire for a community birth, perceived susceptibility, barriers to choice, and isolation.DiscussionMany participants had a preexisting desire for community birth and used the pandemic to justify their choice. However, birth options were often limited by finances and geography. Attitude toward COVID‐19 varied by knowledge and experience. Many participants experienced stress and isolation.
Abdominal ultrasound and clinicopathologic findings in 22 cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Auger Mylène , Fazio Constance , Steiner Joerg M. , Penninck Dominique G. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Griffin John F. , Springer Cary M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAwareness of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in cats has increased since the development of an assay for feline trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (fTLI). Ultrasound findings in cats with EPI have only been reported rarely and described as nonspecific.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the ultrasonographic findings, clinical signs, and concurrent diseases in cats with EPI.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned cats with EPI.MethodsMulticenter retrospective descriptive study including cats with serum fTLI concentration ≤8 μg/L and an abdominal ultrasound examination performed within 6 weeks of fTLI measurement. Sonographic measurements of maximal pancreatic thickness and maximal pancreatic duct diameter as well as ratios of pancreatic duct diameter to pancreatic thickness were obtained. Additional sonographic findings, concurrent conditions, and clinical signs were recorded.ResultsThe most common clinical sign was weight loss (15/22 cats). Chronic enteropathy was the most common concurrent disease (13/22 cats). In 39% of cats, the pancreas had minimal or no sonographic alterations. Pancreatic duct dilatation (>2.5 mm), pancreatic duct tortuosity with variable diameter, or both were seen in 6/13 cats. The pancreatic parenchyma was subjectively thin in 6 cats. A significant relationship was found between subjectively thin pancreatic parenchyma and increased pancreatic duct size : pancreatic thickness ratio (P = .004). Diffuse gastrointestinal dilatation with echogenic content was observed in 8/22 cats.ConclusionExocrine pancreatic insufficiency often causes minimal to no sonographic pancreatic changes. Nonetheless, the findings of thin pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic duct dilatation, or diffuse small intestinal dilatation with echogenic contents in cats with unexplained weight loss or unformed feces should raise clinical suspicion for EPI.
Dispersal behaviour and riverine network connectivity shape the genetic diversity of freshwater amphipod metapopulations
Authors: Alther Roman , Fronhofer Emanuel A. , Altermatt Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTheory predicts that the distribution of genetic diversity in a landscape is strongly dependent on the connectivity of the metapopulation and the dispersal of individuals between patches. However, the influence of explicit spatial configurations such as dendritic landscapes on the genetic diversity of metapopulations is still understudied, and theoretical corroborations of empirical patterns are largely lacking. Here, we used microsatellite data and stochastic simulations of two metapopulations of freshwater amphipods in a 28,000 km2riverine network to study the influence of spatial connectivity and dispersal strategies on the spatial distribution of their genetic diversity. We found a significant imprint of the effects of riverine network connectivity on the local and global genetic diversity of both amphipod species. Data from 95 sites showed that allelic richness significantly increased towards more central nodes of the network. This was also seen for observed heterozygosity, yet not for expected heterozygosity. Genetic differentiation increased with instream distance. In simulation models, depending on the mutational model assumed, upstream movement probability and dispersal rate, respectively, emerged as key factors explaining the empirically observed distribution of local genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. Surprisingly, the role of site‐specific carrying capacities, for example by assuming a direct dependency of population size on local river size, was less clear cut: while our best fitting model scenario included this feature, over all simulations, scaling of carrying capacities did not increase data‐model fit. This highlights the importance of dispersal behaviour along spatial networks in shaping population genetic diversity.
Estimated burden of serious fungal infections in Togo
Authors: Dorkenoo Ameyo M. , Adjetey‐Toglozombio Akovi K. , Ocansey Bright K. , Sossou Efoe , Lack Fiali , Denning David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the years, the focus of infectious diseases in many African countries has been mainly on viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Serious fungal infections (SFIs) with comparable morbidity rate in these countries remain neglected.ObjectivesTo estimate the burden of SFI in Togo and to stimulate efforts for improved attention.MethodsLiterature was thoroughly searched for epidemiological data on SFI in Togo. Incidence and/or prevalence of SFI was estimated using socio‐demographics, health system's information, risk‐groups data and SFI rates obtained from national and international studies.ResultsAbout 5.29% of the 7,265,286 Togolese population is estimated to suffer from SFI annually. Among HIV patients, 1,342, 1,650 and 330 may develop cryptococcal meningitis, Pneumocystis pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis respectively per year. Oral and oesophageal candidiasis may annually affect 19,800 and 7,535 persons, respectively, living with HIV. Estimated incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) was 283 cases. Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) was estimated at 191 cases. The annual incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) was 4,577 and 6,042 cases, respectively. Tinea capitis and recurrent Candida vaginitis presumably affect 232,271 children and 108,979 women respectively. Candidaemia incidence is estimated at 5 cases per 100, 000 inhabitants and fungal keratitis may affect 981 persons annually.ConclusionsSFIs in Togo are probably more significant than expected. These findings underscore the need to increase awareness among healthcare professionals, enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capacities and intensify epidemiological studies for effective management of fungal infections in Togo.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of antinuclear antibody in patients with gastroparesis
Authors: Parkman Henry P. , Van Natta Mark L. , Makol Ashima , Grover Madhusudan , McCallum Richard W. , Malik Zubair , Koch Kenneth L. , Sarosiek Irene , Kuo Braden , Shulman Robert J. , Farrugia Gianrico , Miriel Laura , Tonascia James , Hamilton Frank , Pasricha Pankaj J. , Abell Thomas L. ,   for the NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis in a subset of patients. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is often used to screen for autoimmune disorders.Aims1) Determine prevalence of a positive ANA in patients with gastroparesis; 2) Describe characteristics of idiopathic gastroparesis patients with positive ANA.MethodsPatients were assessed with gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES), symptom assessment via Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms [PAGI‐SYM], and blood tests—ANA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP).ResultsPositive ANA was seen in 148 of 893 (17%) patients with gastroparesis, being similar in idiopathic (16% of 536 patients), T1DM (16% of 162), T2DM (18% of 147), and postfundoplication (19% of 48 patients) gastroparesis. Among 536 patients with idiopathic gastroparesis, ANA titer 1:40–1:80 was seen in 33 (6%) patients, 1:160–1:320 in 36 (7%) patients, and ≥1:640 in 17 (3%) patients. Increasing ANA titer was associated with female gender (p = 0.05), Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.02), comorbid rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.02), systemic sclerosis (p = 0.004), and elevated ESR (p = 0.007). ANA positivity was associated with lower total GCSI (p = 0.007) and lower nausea/vomiting subscale (p = 0.0005), but not related to gastric emptying.ConclusionsThe prevalence of a positive ANA in patients with gastroparesis was high at ~17% and did not differ significantly based on etiology. In idiopathic patients, ANA positivity was associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and elevated ESR. ANA‐positive gastroparesis represents a subset who often have other autoimmune symptoms or disorders, but less severe nausea and vomiting.
Catastrophic congenital hemangioma with severe coagulopathy leading to fatal cardiac failure: Case report and review
Authors: Cohen‐Cutler Sally , Szymanski Linda J. , Bockoven Crystal , Miller Joseph M. , Moke Diana , Anselmo Dean M. , Lee Jessica , Luu Minnelly 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a complex case of a neonate, delivered urgently for hydrops fetalis, with a large vascular mass of the extremity, diagnosed postnatally as a congenital hemangioma. The patient suffered immediate cardiac compromise and severe coagulopathy atypical for the diagnosis and subsequently died from these complications. Treatment was imperative but challenging due to a lack of a standardized treatment approach and few historical reports of equally critically ill patients. In this report, we review potential medical and surgical interventions and discuss treatment considerations in similar, life‐threatening cases of congenital hemangiomas.
MYC2 influences salicylic acid biosynthesis and defense against bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gautam Janesh Kumar , Giri Mrunmay Kumar , Singh Deepjyoti , Chattopadhyay Sudip , Nandi Ashis Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArabidopsis MYC2 is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor that works both as a negative and positive regulator of light and multiple hormonal signaling pathways, including jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. Recent studies have suggested the role of MYC2 as a negative regulator of salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defense against bacterial pathogens. By using myc2 mutant and constitutively MYC2‐expressing plants, we further show that MYC2 also positively influences SA‐mediated defense; whereas, myc2 mutant plants are resistant to virulent pathogens only, MYC2 over‐expressing plants are hyper‐resistant to multiple virulent and avirulent strains of bacterial pathogens. MYC2 promotes pathogen‐induced callose deposition, SA biosynthesis, expression of PR1 gene, and SA‐responsiveness. Using bacterially produced MYC2 protein in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we have shown that MYC2 binds to the promoter of several important defense regulators, including PEPR1, MKK4, RIN4, and the second intron of ICS1. MYC2 positively regulates the expression of RIN4, MKK4, and ICS1; however, it negatively regulates the expression of PEPR1. Pathogen inoculation enhances MYC2 association at ICS1 intron and RIN4 promoter. Mutations of MYC2 binding site at ICS1 intron or RIN4 promoter abolish the associated GUS reporter expression. Hyper‐resistance of MYC2 over‐expressing plants is largely light‐dependent, which is in agreement with the role of MYC2 in SA biosynthesis. The results altogether demonstrate that MYC2 possesses dual regulatory roles in SA biosynthesis, SA signaling, pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) in Arabidopsis.
Son preference and the demographic transition
Authors: Aksan Anna‐Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a general equilibrium model of fertility with higher economic returns to sons relative to daughters, parents choose overall fertility and the gender composition of their children. Son preference is partially endogenized to reflect how relative scarcity of females raises their value even while social norms and lack of economic opportunities lessen their value. These competing factors lead to an oscillating sex ratio. Model simulations demonstrate that son preference increases fertility, but that sex selection reduces fertility in the presence of son preference. The results suggest that effectively banning sex‐selective abortions in places such as India, which has struggled to enforce its existing ban on the practice, is insufficient and may have unintended consequences such as slowing fertility decline, reducing quality investment in girls, and slowing human capital accumulation and economic growth. Improving economic opportunities for women will increase the value placed on daughters, thereby improving the sex ratio and human capital investment in all children.
Democracy and Epistemic Fairness: Testimonial Justice as a Founding Principle of Aggregative Democracy
Authors: Kim Junyeol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current discussion on the relationship of epistemic justice to democracy focuses on its relationship to deliberative democracy. This article concerns the relationship of epistemic justice—specifically, testimonial justice which I call “epistemic fairness”—to aggregative democracy or democracy by voting. The aim of this article is to establish that in a good theory of democracy, epistemic fairness is one of the founding principles of the democratic institution of voting, that is, the principles by which the democratic institution of voting is organized. Under an arguably plausible interpretation, the democratic institution of voting turns out to be committed to realizing epistemic fairness. If a theory of democracy implies that epistemic fairness is a founding principle of the democratic institution of voting, a number of implications follow with respect to the issues related to the practice of voting in actual democracies, such as the problem of gerrymandering or the fairness of the aggregation rule.
The Logic of Illusion: Kant on the Reasons of Error
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I reconstruct Immanuel Kant's theory of theoretical and practical error, and I situate it within the broader context of his transcendental philosophy. I thereby refer to his conception of dialectic as the logic of illusion (CpR, B 86) and to his concept of rationalizing. By referring to Donald Davidson's conception of irrationality, I argue that Kant's theory of error allows us to keep the erring person responsible both in theoretical and practical regards.
An adaptive metamodelling for multipollutant waste load allocation in a river–reservoir system; hydrodynamic simulation–optimization
Authors: Kheirkhah Sepideh , Saadatpour Motahareh , Afshar Abbas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDischarge of nutrient load from aquaculture activities may pose an eutrophication risk to receiving waterbodies. In this study, monthly multipollutant waste load allocation (MPWLA) programmes are developed to determine the required treatment levels of pollutants released into a river–reservoir system. The objectives of the MPWLA programmes consist of minimizing the total wastewater treatment cost, maximizing the profit from fish production and improving water quality index. The CE‐QUAL‐W2 model with artificial neural networks is linked to the multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the trade‐off surface in a surrogate‐based simulation–optimization framework. To tackle the ambiguities in quantifying the discharged pollutants, fuzzy membership functions are defined. The application of the proposed MPWLA programmes in the Behesht‐Abad River‐Reservoir system, Iran, has led to a reduction in phosphate concentration more than 3%, enhancement in dissolved‐oxygen levels in the ranges of 2% to 11.6%, and alleviation of Carlson Index between 3 to 7 units.
Optimum Torrefaction Range for Macaw Husks Aiming Its Use as a Solid Biofuel
Authors: Silva R. L. , Seye O. , Schneider P. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biomass feedstock is broadly available in many countries, and a significant amount of residual biomass comes from agriculture and forest crops. This study aims to identify a consistent criteria for optimize Macaw husks torrefaction process maximizing the energy content and minimizing the mass loss. The optimization criteria is based on the severity factor (SF), HHVTorrefied, and ηSolid-Yield. The energy density (ρEnergy) does not provide consistent and indisputable evidence as an optimization criteria; the same applies to energy-mass co-benefit index (EMCI) and ηEnergy-Yield. This investigation combined few temperatures (180 °C, 220 °C, and 260 °C) with different residence times (20, 40, and 60 min) and found that the optimum torrefaction range for Macaw husk is 220 &lt; T (°C) &lt; 240 and 10 &lt; t (min) &lt; 40. The best experimental result was 220-40 (dry torrefaction at T = 220 °C and t = 40 min) corresponding to SF ∼ 5.14 and HHVTorrefied ∼ 21.71 MJ/kg (ηSolid-Yield ∼ 0.86 and HHVRatio ∼ 1.14). As the raw material has small ρBulk or ρEnergy, the authors suggest the use of a densification process previously to torrefaction. The obtained solid final product had high-quality biofuel following properties: FCdb, H/C, and O/C ratios, high heating value (HHV). The gain and loss optimization method seems promising to identify the optimum torrefaction parameters for any biomass species and the obtained optimum temperature is not far from the ones available as waste heat in industrial processes.
How Work From Home Has Affected the Occupant's Well-Being in the Residential Built Environment: An International Survey Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pang Zhihong , Becerik-Gerber Burçin , Hoque Simi , O’Neill Zheng , Pedrielli Giulia , Wen Jin , Wu Teresa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results from an international survey that investigated the impacts of the built environment on occupant well-being during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when most professionals were forced to work from home (WFH). The survey was comprised of 81 questions focusing on the respondent's profiles, residences, home indoor environmental quality, health, and home working experiences. A total of 1460 responses were collected from 35 countries, and 1137 of them were considered complete for the analysis. The results suggest that home spatial layout has a significant impact on occupant well-being during WFH since home-life distractions and noises due to the lack of a personal workspace are likely to prevent productive work. Lack of scenic views, inadequate daylighting, and poor acoustics were also reported to be detrimental to occupant productivity and the general WFH experience. It is also revealed from this survey that temperature, relative humidity, and indoor air quality generally have higher satisfaction ratios compared with the indoor lighting and acoustic conditions, and the home layout. Hence, home design for lighting, acoustics, and layout should also receive greater attention in the future.
Experimental Testing and Numerical Modeling of Small-Scale Boat With Drag-Reducing Air-Cavity System
Authors: Collins Jeffrey M. , Whitworth Phillip R. , Matveev Konstantin I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydrodynamic performance of ships can be greatly improved by the formation of air cavities under ship bottom with the purpose to decrease water friction on the hull surface. The air-cavity ships using this type of drag reduction are usually designed for and typically effective only in a relatively narrow range of speeds and hull attitudes and sufficient rates of air supply to the cavity. To investigate the behavior of a small-scale air-cavity boat operating under both favorable and detrimental loading and speed conditions, a remotely controlled model hull was equipped with a data acquisition system, video camera and onboard sensors to measure air-cavity characteristics, air supply rate and the boat speed, thrust and trim in operations on open-water reservoirs. These measurements were captured by a data logger and also wirelessly transmitted to a ground station and video monitor. The experimental air-cavity boat was tested in a range of speeds corresponding to length Froude numbers between 0.17 and 0.5 under three loading conditions, resulting in near zero trim and significant bow-up and bow-down trim angles at rest. Reduced cavity size and significantly increased drag occurred when operating at higher speeds, especially in the bow-up trim condition. The other objective of this study was to determine whether computational fluid dynamics simulations can adequately capture the recorded behavior of the boat and air cavity. A computational software Star-CCM+ was utilized with the VOF method employed for multi-phase flow, RANS approach for turbulence modeling, and economical mesh settings with refinements in the cavity region and near free surface. Upon conducting the mesh verification study, several experimental conditions were simulated, and approximate agreement with measured test data was found. Adaptive mesh refinement and time step controls were also applied to compare results with those obtained on the user-generated mesh. Adaptive controls improved resolution of complex shedding patterns from the air cavity but had little impact on overall results. The presented here experimental approach and obtained results indicate that both outdoor experimentation and computationally inexpensive modeling can be used in the process of developing air-cavity systems for ship hulls.