bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food availability, plant diversity, and vegetation structure drive behavioral and ecological variation in Endangered Coimbra‐Filho's titi monkeys
Authors: Souza‐Alves João P. , Chagas Renata R. D. , Santana Marina M. , Boyle Sarah A. , Bezerra Bruna M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is wide variability in primate behavior and ecology. Understanding how frugivorous primates behave under different habitat fragmentation levels is key for effective conservation and management of species and their habitats. We evaluated the seasonality in activity budget, diet, and ranging behavior of two groups of Endangered Coimbra‐Filho's titi monkeys (Callicebus coimbrai). One group inhabited a 14‐ha forest fragment, whereas the other lived in a 522‐ha fragment. We measured the monthly density of trees and lianas available as food sources over 8 months. We also collected behavioral and group location data every 5 min, from dawn to dusk, using the scan sampling method. The two forest fragments differed seasonally in the number of fruiting food‐resource available. In the 14‐ha fragment, we found that the time spent by titi monkeys feeding, foraging, resting, and traveling differed seasonally. In the 522‐ha fragment, titi monkeys exhibited seasonal differences in time spent sleeping, socializing, foraging, and revisiting food sources. In both titi monkey groups, diets varied seasonally. Our findings indicate that Coimbra‐Filho's titi monkeys can exhibit behavioral flexibility in their activity budgets, diets, and movement patterns. Such flexibility is important for this species to survive in fragmented habitats and may be linked to three key factors: species‐specific resource availability, plant species diversity, and the vegetation structure of each forest fragment.
No support for the hereditarian hypothesis of the Black–White achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection
Authors: Bird Kevin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesDebate about the cause of IQ score gaps between Black and White populations has persisted within genetics, anthropology, and psychology. Recently, authors claimed polygenic scores provide evidence that a significant portion of differences in cognitive performance between Black and White populations are caused by genetic differences due to natural selection, the “hereditarian hypothesis.” This study aims to show conceptual and methodological flaws of past studies supporting the hereditarian hypothesis.Materials and methodsPolygenic scores for educational attainment were constructed for African and European samples of the 1000 Genomes Project. Evidence for selection was evaluated using an excess variance test. Education associated variants were further evaluated for signals of selection by testing for excess genetic differentiation (Fst). Expected mean difference in IQ for populations was calculated under a neutral evolutionary scenario and contrasted to hereditarian claims.ResultsTests for selection using polygenic scores failed to find evidence of natural selection when the less biased within‐family GWAS effect sizes were used. Tests for selection using Fst values did not find evidence of natural selection. Expected mean difference in IQ was substantially smaller than postulated by hereditarians, even under unrealistic assumptions that overestimate genetic contribution.ConclusionGiven these results, hereditarian claims are not supported in the least. Cognitive performance does not appear to have been under diversifying selection in Europeans and Africans. In the absence of diversifying selection, the best case estimate for genetic contributions to group differences in cognitive performance is substantially smaller than hereditarians claim and is consistent with genetic differences contributing little to the Black–White gap.
Summary of animal models of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Li Weisha , Li Mengyuan , Yang Xingjiu , Zhang Wenlong , Cao Lin , Gao Ran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant tumor of the hematological system characterized by long‐term, progressive refractory hemocytopenia. In addition, the risk of leukemia is high, and once it develops, the course of acute leukemia is short with poor curative effect. Animal models are powerful tools for studying human diseases and are highly effective preclinical platforms. Animal models of MDS can accurately show genetic aberrations and hematopoietic clone phenotypes with similar cellular features (such as impaired differentiation and increased apoptosis), and symptoms can be used to assess existing treatments. Animal models are also helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of MDS and its relationship with acute leukemia, which helps with the identification of candidate genes related to the MDS phenotype. This review summarizes the current status of animal models used to research myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of the roll‐to‐roll coating process for the production of thin film composite membranes including validation
Authors: Brennecke Florian , Clodt Juliana , Pohlmann Jan , Abetz Clarissa , Brinkmann Torsten , Abetz Volker 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn the way toward a carbon‐neutral economy, a rise in the demand for separation technologies can be expected. This holds especially for membranes, which are energy efficient and thus very promising technologies. However, this challenges membrane researchers to consider the sustainability and scalability of their membrane fabrication processes. At our institute, we employ a roll‐to‐roll coating process for the production of thin film composite membranes. This procedure is relatively easy to scale up and can be adapted for different polymers/solvents and thus applications. To increase the production efficiency and optimize the process for any polymer of interest, it is necessary to develop a solid understanding of the physics of this production system. Therefore, we would like to present a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics that can predict the film thickness of a polydimethylsiloxane‐based polymer coated in a roll‐to‐roll setup. In the future, this model should improve the production efficiency and fine‐tuning of process parameters. We verify the numerical procedure with a mesh refinement study and validate the predicted film thicknesses with experimental results for different roll speeds and polymer concentrations. The predicted variability of the thickness is assessed by a design of experiments study and compares relatively well to the measured variations of the coated membrane thickness.
Droplet Microfluidics and Directed Evolution of Enzymes: An Intertwined Journey
Authors: Stucki Ariane , Vallapurackal Jaicy , Ward Thomas R. , Dittrich Petra S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvolution is essential to the generation of complexity and ultimately life. It relies on the propagation of the properties, traits, and characteristics that allow an organism to survive in a challenging environment. It is evolution that shaped our world over about four billion years by slow and iterative adaptation. While natural evolution based on selection is slow and gradual, directed evolution allows the fast and streamlined optimization of a phenotype under selective conditions. The potential of directed evolution for the discovery and optimization of enzymes is mostly limited by the throughput of the tools and methods available for screening. Over the past twenty years, versatile tools based on droplet microfluidics have been developed to address the need for higher throughput. In this Review, we provide a chronological overview of the intertwined development of microfluidics droplet‐based compartmentalization methods and in vivo directed evolution of enzymes.
An Unexpected Cubic Symmetry in Group IV Alloys Prepared Using Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Serghiou George , Reichmann Hans Josef , Odling Nicholas , Spektor Kristina , Pakhomova Anna , Crichton Wilson A. , Konôpková Zuzana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cubic diamond (Fd
m) group IVA element Si has been the material driver of the electronics industry since its inception. We report synthesis of a new cubic (Im
m) group IVA material, a GeSn solid solution, upon heating Ge and Sn at pressures from 13 to 28 GPa using double‐sided diamond anvil laser‐heating and large volume press methods. Both methods were coupled with in situ angle dispersive X‐ray diffraction characterization. The new material substantially enriches the seminal group IVA alloy materials landscape by introducing an eightfold coordinated cubic symmetry, which markedly expands on the conventional tetrahedrally coordinated cubic one. This cubic solid solution is formed, despite Ge never adopting the Im
m symmetry, melting inhibiting subsequent Im
m formation and reactant Ge and Sn having unlike crystal structures and atomic radii at all these pressures. This is hence achieved without adherence to conventional formation criteria and routes to synthesis. This advance creates fertile avenues for new materials development.
Desymmetrisierung von prochiralen Cyclobutanonen via Stickstoffinsertion: Ein einfacher Zugang zu chiralen γ‐Lactamen
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Ong Mike , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Wahl Johannes M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie asymmetrische Synthese von γ‐Lactamen wird über die Cyclobutanon‐Ringerweiterung unter Verwendung von (1S,2R)‐1‐Amino‐2‐Indanol zur chiralen Induktion erreicht. Die mechanistische Analyse der entscheidenden N,O‐Ketal‐Umlagerung zeigt ein Curtin‐Hammett‐Szenario, das eine späte Stereoinduktion (bis zu 88:12 dr) ermöglicht und durch spektroskopische, kristallographische und rechnerische Untersuchungen bestätigt wird. In Kombination mit einem einfachen Entschützungsverfahren ermöglicht diese operativ einfache Sequenz die Synthese enantiomerenreiner γ‐Lactame, einschließlich solcher, die quartäre Stereozentren mit ausschließlich Kohlenstoffatomen tragen. Darüber hinaus demonstriert die formale Synthese der Wirkstoffe Baclofen, Brivaracetam und Pregabalin den präparativen Nutzen und unterstreicht die allgemeine Anwendbarkeit der vorgestellten Methode.
Constructing Electron Levers in Perovskite Nanocrystals to Regulate the Local Electron Density for Intensive Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Peiran , Jiang Yaqin , Tang Zhongmin , Li Yanli , Sun Bingxia , Wu Yelin , Wu Jiyue , Liu Yanyan , Bu Wenbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe local electron density of an atom is one key factor that determines its chemical properties. Regulating electron density can promote the atom's reactivity and so reduce the reaction activation energy, which is highly desired in many chemical applications. Herein, we report an intra‐crystalline electron lever strategy, which can regulate the electron density of reaction centre atoms via manipulating ambient lattice states, for Fenton activity improvement. Typically, with the assistance of ultrasound, the Mn4+−O−Fe3+ bond in BiFe0.97Mn0.03O3 perovskite nanocrystals can drive valence electrons and free electrons to accumulate on Fe atoms by a polarization electric field originated from the designed lattice strain. The increase of electron density significantly improves the catalytic activity of Fe, decreasing the activation energy of BiFe0.97Mn0.03O3‐mediated Fenton reaction by 52.55 %, and increasing the .OH yield by 9.21‐fold. This study provides a new way to understand the sono‐Fenton chemistry, and the increased .OH production enables a highly effective chemodynamic therapy.
A Curriculum for Perioperative Nurse Deployment During a Pandemic
Authors: Hemingway Maureen W. , Silvestri Sandra 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic spread around the world, the US Surgeon General called for the cancellation of elective surgeries. At a large academic medical center in the Northeast, there was a resulting surplus of perioperative nurses who were deployed to inpatient units in need of skilled nursing care for a surge of COVID‐19 patients. To prepare them for deployment to inpatient units, perioperative leaders developed a core curriculum to ensure that the OR nurses possessed the skills and knowledge required to successfully care for patients outside the OR with the same level of care and compassion that they provided to perioperative patients. The leaders employed available resources at the hospital to design and implement the course in a short amount of time. This article describes the development of a curriculum for OR nurses to manage a surging patient volume on inpatient units because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Modelling effects of disturbance on population dynamics of generalized crayfish life history strategies
Authors: Bayer Leah M. , Fournier Robert J. , Magoulick Daniel D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Crayfish play a crucial ecological role and are often considered a keystone species within freshwater ecosystems; however, North American crayfish species face disturbance and ecological threats including invasive species and intensified drought.
Demographic models can allow examination of population dynamics of a targeted species under a wide variety of disturbance scenarios. In this study, crayfish population dynamics were modelled and their responses to simulated biological invasions and drought were assessed.
As life history data on crayfish are relatively rare, models were used to explore the population viability of four generalized species with distinct life history strategies under 11 disturbance scenarios. RAMAS‐Metapop was used to construct stage‐based demographic metapopulation models parameterized using vital rates from established literature sources.
Models indicated that populations respond differentially to disturbance based on life history. However, both r‐ and K‐selected species appear to be highly susceptible to decline when faced with the additive effects of reduced carrying capacity resulting from invasion and reduced survival rates caused by drought.
Constructing models that explore a broad array of life histories and disturbance regimes can provide managers with tools to develop generalized, widely applicable conservation strategies in data‐depauperate systems.
Dingoes and domestication
Authors: BRUMM ADAM 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAboriginal Australians are known to have routinely taken dingo pups from wild dens to rear as companion animals, with the mature canids typically returning to the bush to mate. Available accounts emphasise the strong emotional bonds between Indigenous people and “camp dingoes”, which were essentially raised as though they were human. Yet despite the closeness of human–canine relations in Australia, it is widely contended that Aboriginal people did not domesticate dingoes. The accepted thinking is that while the dingoes lived part of their lives with humans, they were ultimately “free agents” that foraged and reproduced independently. Here, I propose that the Aboriginal practice of raising wild‐caught dingo pups generated a distinct population of free‐roaming adult dingoes that were socialised to interact with humans and may have remained loosely associated with them. I suggest that this hitherto unrecognised dingo ecotype, which should not be thought of as truly wild, yielded most of the pups taken from the bush by humans. Contrary to received wisdom, therefore, Aboriginal peoples’ interactions with dingoes involved management and domestication processes, but not as conventionally defined (i.e., controlled breeding, artificial selection).
Reheating and dark matter production
Authors: G. Garcia Marcos A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA concise summary of out‐of‐equilibrium dark matter production during post‐inflationary reheating is presented. We show that the dark matter relic abundance is in general sensitive to the thermalization rate of the inflaton decay products, and the evolution of the temperature of the subsequently thermalized radiation. We discuss how smoking‐gun signals, such as monochromatic neutrinos or gamma‐ray lines, or Lyman‐α data, can help constrain out‐of‐equilibrium DM models.
Palbociclib negatively regulates fatty acid synthesis due to upregulation of AMPKα and miR‐33a levels to increase apoptosis in Panc‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2 cells
Authors: Rencuzogulları Ozge , Yerlikaya Pınar Obakan , Gürkan Ajda Çoker , Arısan Elif Damla , Telci Dilek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFatty acids (FAs) synthesis mechanism has various regulators such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), AMP‐regulated protein kinase (AMPK), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which are aberrantly dysregulated in various pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we aim to understand the regulatory role of palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on the cellular energy metabolism through regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling by modulation of intracellular miR‐33a levels in Panc‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2 cells. Palbociclib downregulated FAs metabolism more effectively in MiaPaCa‐2 cells than Panc‐1 cells. Moreover, palbociclib treatment increased the levels of miR‐33a in each cell line albeit a higher increase was evident in MiaPaCa‐2 cells. Stress‐mediated activation of mTOR signaling axis was found associated with palbociclib‐mediated AMPKα activation and miR33a upregulation. These findings provided that a deeper understanding about possible interactions of cell cycle activity and reduction of FAs synthesis may facilitate the enhancement of cell death mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells.
Integration of banana crop residues as biomass feedstock into conventional production of first‐generation fuel ethanol from sugarcane: a simulation‐based case study
Authors: de Souza Priscila Katerine , Battisti Rodrigo , Souza Ozair , Sellin Noeli , Machado Ricardo Antonio Francisco , Marangoni Cintia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSugar‐based feedstock of banana crop residues (pseudostem, peel, and rejected fruits) were integrated into first‐generation sugarcane ethanol production through simulated proposals using Aspen Hysys®. Different contents of sugars (6.5, 10, 15, 20, and 22 wt%) in the concentrated broth from banana residues were evaluated. The increase in sugar content in the broth led to an increase of 25% in the energy requirement of the evaporation stage. However, there was a reduction up to 55.31% in the energy requirement of the ethanol recovery stage with 22 wt% of sugar content. Addition of residue broth of 6.5, 10 and 15 wt% until the sugarcane broth is diluted by 20 wt% led to an increase in fermentation volume of 14.3, 19.2 and 39.7%, and an increase in ethanol productivity of 4.1, 7.9 and 26.1%, respectively. The integration of banana crop residues for a scaled‐up process showed technical viability, producing 21.97 ton h–1 of ethanol 99.50 wt%, although energy requirements of biomass pretreatment steps are still a limiting factor for the industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A systematic literature review of antecedent and reinforcement‐based behavioral feeding interventions without the implementation of escape extinction
Authors: Tereshko Lisa , Leaf Justin B. , Weiss Mary Jane , Rich Amy , Pistorino Morgan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRestrictive and avoidant patterns of eating behavior can be seen in children with and without a diagnosed disability, and these patterns may then lead to avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. The three main categories of feeding problems often observed in children are food refusal, refusal to self‐feed, and food selectivity. This literature review includes 21 articles that implemented feeding interventions, without the use of escape extinction or other intrusive interventions, to increase food acceptance. Each article was analyzed across several dimensions (participants, setting, assessments conducted, experimental design, intervention implemented, and outcome and generalization). From this analysis, information regarding the use of antecedent and reinforcement‐based practices for feeding intervention is discussed, as well as limitations in the current literature and suggestions for future research.
Modeling of copy number variability in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Lu Amos E. , Maloney Andrew J. , Dalvie Neil C. , Brady Joseph R. , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher , Braatz Richard D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDevelopment of continuous biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes is an area of active research. This study considers the long‐term transgene copy number stability of Pichia pastoris in continuous bioreactors. We propose a model of copy number loss that quantifies population heterogeneity. An analytical solution is derived and compared with existing experimental data. The model is then used to provide guidance for stable operating timescales. The model is extended to consider copy number dependent growth such as in the case of Zeocin supplementation. The model is also extended to analyze a continuous seeding strategy. This study is a critical step towards understanding the impact of continuous processing on the stability of Pichia pastoris and the resultant products.
Control of surge tanks for continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Thakur Garima , Nikita Saxena , Tiwari Anamika , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurge tanks are critical but often overlooked enablers of continuous bioprocessing. They provide multiple benefits including dampening of concentration gradients and allowing process resumption efforts in case of equipment failure or unexpected deviations, which can occur during a continuous campaign of weeks or months. They are also useful in enabling steady‐state operation across a continuous train by facilitating mass balance between unit operations such as chromatography which have periodic loading and elution cycles. In this paper, we propose a design of a system of surge tanks for a monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process consisting of cell culture, clarification, capture chromatography, viral inactivation, polishing chromatography, and single‐pass ultrafiltration and diafiltration. A Python controller has been developed for robust control of the continuous train. The controller has four layers, namely data acquisition, process scheduling, deviation handling, and real‐time execution. A set of general guidelines for surge tank placement and sizing have been proposed together with process control strategies based on the design space of the individual unit operations, failure modes analysis of the different equipment, and expected variability in the process feed streams for both fed‐batch and perfusion bioreactors. The control system has been successfully demonstrated for several continuous runs of up to 36 h in duration and is able to leverage surge tanks for robust control of the continuous train in the face of product variability as well as process errors while maintaining critical quality attributes. The proposed set of strategies for surge tank control are adaptable to most continuous processing setups for mAbs, and together form the first framework that can fully realize the benefits of surge tanks in continuous bioprocessing.