bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of surface grinding of AISI 304 stainless steel using dry and compressed air cooling techniques
Authors: Tamil Vanan Sathish Kumar , Olugu Ezutah Udoncy , Ang Chun Kit , Lawal Sunday Albert , Aja Ogboo Chikere 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe abundant use of cutting fluids in surface grinding process and the corresponding costs and energy consumption have been a major sustainability concern. This paper identified the optimum depth of cut for surface grinding under controlled grinding parameters using compressed air cooling technique and dry cutting. The surface morphology and subsurface defects of the workpiece material (AISI 304 stainless steel) were measured and compared. It was observed that lower depth of cut had a better surface morphology than higher depth of cut. The effects of compressed air on tool life were equally evaluated. The heat dissipations on the grinding wheels were observed and analysed for both grinding conditions. In addition, the influence of compressed air on the surface integrity of the workpiece was also investigated. The results showed that lower depth of cut proved to have a better quality surface compared to higher depth of cut.
Effects of slicing parameters on measured fill density for 3D printing of precision cylindrical constructs using Slic3r
Authors: Ravi Prashanth , Shiakolas Panos S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe goal of this research is to develop and verify an algorithm to predict the fill density of 3D printed cylindrical constructs as a function of critical slicing parameters. Open-source 3D printing is being applied to the pharmaceutical and biomedical domains where characteristics including drug release rate and compressive strength depend on fill density. Understanding how slicing parameters affect fill density in the printed construct is important to appropriately tailor these characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between slicing fill density (SFD), extrusion width (EW), layer height (LH), construct diameter and measured fill density (MFD). The developed algorithm provides novel insight into the effects of interconnects and rasters on the distribution of intra-matrix material. We analyze 27 combinations involving 3 levels of EW (0.40, 0.44, 0.48 mm), SFD (15, 25, 35%) and LH (0.15, 0.20, 0.25 mm). The SFD is smaller than and deviates from MFD with a maximum error of 18.62% and from predicted fill density (PFD) with a maximum error of 19.50% compared to the maximum error of 4.30% between PFD and MFD. The predicted interconnect contribution and error reduce with increasing SFD and cylinder diameter but are more prominent at lower values. Our work highlights the perils of employing open-source 3D printing without a sound understanding of the underlying parametric relationships. The proposed predictive model could be used in conjunction with Slic3r, an open-source slicing software, to predict fill density to a reasonable degree of accuracy (less than 5% error) for relatively smaller cylindrical constructs.
Ultraviolet absorbance of Sphagnum magellanicum, S. fallax and S. fuscum extracts with seasonal and species-specific variation
Authors: Tienaho J. , Silvan N. , Muilu-Mäkelä R. , Kilpeläinen P. , Poikulainen E. , Sarjala T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBryophytes, including Sphagnum, are common species in alpine and boreal regions especially on mires, where full sunlight exposes the plants to the damaging effects of UV radiation. Sphagnum species containing UV-protecting compounds might offer a biomass source for nature-based sunscreens to replace the synthetic ones. In this study, potential compounds and those linked in cell wall structures were obtained by using methanol and alkali extractions and the UV absorption of these extracts from three common Sphagnum moss species Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fuscum and Sphagnum fallax collected in spring and autumn from western Finland are described. Absorption spectrum screening (200–900 nm) and luminescent biosensor (Escherichia coli DPD2794) methodology were used to examine and compare the protection against UV radiation. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide scavenging (SCAV), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing absorbance capacity (FRAP). Total phenolic content was also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that methanol extractable compounds gave higher UV absorption with the used methods. Sphagnum fallax appeared to give the highest absorption in UV-B and UV-A wavelengths. In all assays except the SCAV test, the methanol extracts of Sphagnum samples collected in autumn indicated the highest antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content. Sphagnum fuscum implied the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. There was low antioxidant and UV absorption provided by the alkali extracts of these three species.
SSRE: Cell Type Detection Based on Sparse Subspace Representation and Similarity Enhancement
Authors: Liang Zhenlan , Li Min , Zheng Ruiqing , Tian Yu , Yan Xuhua , Chen Jin , Wu Fang-Xiang , Wang Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accurate identification of cell types from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data plays a critical role in a variety of scRNA-seq analysis studies. This task corresponds to solving an unsupervised clustering problem, in which the similarity measurement between cells affects the result significantly. Although many approaches for cell type identification have been proposed, the accuracy still needs to be improved. In this study, we proposed a novel single-cell clustering framework based on similarity learning, called SSRE. SSRE models the relationships between cells based on subspace assumption, and generates a sparse representation of the cell-to-cell similarity. The sparse representation retains the most similar neighbors for each cell. Besides, three classical pairwise similarities are incorporated with a gene selection and enhancement strategy to further improve the effectiveness of SSRE. Tested on ten real scRNA-seq datasets and five simulated datasets, SSRE achieved the superior performance in most cases compared to several state-of-the-art single-cell clustering methods. In addition, SSRE can be extended to visualization of scRNA-seq data and identification of differentially expressed genes. The matlab and python implementations of SSRE are available at https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/SSRE.
A retrospective descriptive study based on etiology of appendicitis among patients undergoing appendectomy
Authors: Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem , Zarei Farshad , Beiranvand Mania , Hosseinnia Zahra 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Appendicitis is one of the common abdominal injuries that requires surgical intervention, appendectomy. It is associated with a number of common and uncommon etiologies including gastrointestinal diseases and infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiology of appendicitis among the patients who underwent appendectomy at our center.

Method:
In this retrospective descriptive study, patients who were referred to (XXX) for appendectomy were included. The patients’ data was accessed to extract demographic data and histopathological findings following appendectomy. The data was analyzed using SPSSv22.

Result:
Out of 733 people included in the study, 437 were male (59.6%) and 296 were female (40.4%) with the overall average age of 28.1 years. 10.64% of patients reported underwent negative appendectomy negative, which was reported in 35.89% women and 64.1% men. Acute inflammation was the most common findings, seen in 152 patients (20.74), followed by gangrenous appendix in 98 patients (13.37%).

Conclusions:
Unusual findings from appendectomy is uncommon for which all appendectomy should undergo histopathological analysis.

Highlights
Biallelic CDK9 variants as a cause of a new multiple-malformation syndrome with retinal dystrophy mimicking the CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Nishina Sachiko , Hosono Katsuhiro , Ishitani Shizuka , Kosaki Kenjiro , Yokoi Tadashi , Yoshida Tomoyo , Tomita Kaoru , Fukami Maki , Saitsu Hirotomo , Ogata Tsutomu , Ishitani Tohru , Hotta Yoshihiro , Azuma Noriyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCDK9 has been considered a candidate gene involved in the CHARGE-like syndrome in a pair of cousins. We report an 8-year-old boy with a strikingly similar phenotype including facial asymmetry, microtia with preauricular tags and bilateral hearing loss, cleft lip and palate, cardiac dysrhythmia, and undescended testes. Joint contracture, no finger flexion creases, and large halluces were the same as those of a previously reported patient with homozygous CDK9 variants. The ocular phenotype included blepharophimosis, lacrimal duct obstruction, eyelid dermoids, Duane syndrome-like abduction deficit, and congenital cataracts. Optical coherence tomography and electroretinography evaluations revealed severe retinal dystrophy had developed at an early age. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in CDK9 [p.(A288T) of maternal origin and p.(R303C) of paternal origin] in the patient. Variants’ kinase activities were reduced compared with wild type. We concluded that CDK9 biallelic variants cause a CHARGE-like malformation syndrome with retinal dystrophy as a distinguishing feature.
N-Alkenylation of hydroxamic acid derivatives with ethynyl benziodoxolone to synthesize cis-enamides through vinyl benziodoxolones
Authors: Shimbo Daisuke , Maruyama Toshifumi , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika 
Published: February 2021

Ethynyl benziodoxolone enabled the chemoselective N-functionalization of O-alkyl hydroxamic acids derived from amino acids and pharmaceuticals. The synthesized cis-vinyl benziodoxolone was derivatized to hydroxamic acid-derived enamides.
Assessing Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by 99mTc-3PRGD2 Scintigraphy Targeting Integrin αvβ3 in a Rat Model
Authors: Sui Shi , Hou Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study evaluated interstitial alterations in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy using a radiolabeled RGD peptide 99mTc-3PRGD2 specific for integrin αvβ3 that targets myofibroblasts.Cardiomyopathy was induced in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal doxorubicin injections (2.5 mg/kg/week) for up to six weeks. 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy was performed in control rats (n = 6) at baseline and three, six, and nine weeks after first doxorubicin administration (n = 6, 6, and 5 for each time point). For another three rats of 6-week modeling, cold c(RGDyK) was co-injected with 99mTc-3PRGD2 to evaluate specific radiotracer binding. Semi-quantitative parameters were acquired to compare radiotracer uptake among all groups. The biodistribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 was evaluated by a γ-counter after scintigraphy. Haematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s staining were used to evaluate myocardial injury and fibrosis, while western blotting and immunofluorescence co-localization were used to analyze integrin αvβ3 expression in the myocardium.The 99mTc-3PRGD2 half-life in the cardiac region (Heartt
1/2) of the 9-week model and heart radioactivity percentage (%Heart20 min, %Heart40 min and %Heart60 min) of the 6 and 9-week models were significantly increased compared to the control. Heart-to-background ratio (HBR20 min, HBR40 min and HBR60 min) increase began in the third week, continued until the sixth week, and was reversed in the ninth week, which paralleled the changing trend of cardiac integrin αvβ3 expression. The myocardial biodistribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 was significantly correlated with integrin β3 expression.The 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy allows for non-invasive visualization of interstitial alterations during doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
Lösungsansätze für den Zugang digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen zur Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung: eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Düvel Juliane Andrea , Gensorowsky Daniel , Hasemann Lena , Greiner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Nutzstiftende digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) sind bislang nicht hinreichend in den ersten Gesundheitsmarkt integriert. Um eine gezielte und sichere Anwendung von geprüften digitalen Produkten zu ermöglichen, sollte jedoch die Implementierung in das Leistungsspektrum der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung anvisiert werden. Die Studie zielte auf die Entwicklung von Lösungsstrategien zur Verbesserung der Zugangsmodalitäten von DiGA in das deutsche Gesundheitssystem ab. Ein erster Schritt in diese Richtung wurde zwischenzeitlich mit Einführung des Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes (DVG) vorgenommen.
Methodik Im Rahmen qualitativer Fokusgruppeninterviews wurden die relevanten Stakeholder zentraler Zugangswege zu 3 im Vorfeld entwickelten Reformoptionen befragt. Diese reichten von der Anpassung bestehender Strukturen an die Anforderungen digitaler Lösungen bis hin zur Einführung einer originären Leistungskategorie für DiGA. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse. Abschließend werden die Projektergebnisse den Vorgaben des DVG gegenübergestellt.
Ergebnisse Die 3 Lösungsstrategien wurden heterogen und positionsabhängig diskutiert. Der größte Konsens konnte hinsichtlich der Einführung einer zentralen Beratungsstelle beobachtet werden. Auch Einzelmaßnahmen aus der ersten Reformoption, wie die Schaffung eines Erprobungsverfahrens zur Generierung notwendiger Evidenz, wurden als sinnvoll bewertet. Dennoch wurde mehrheitlich darauf hingewiesen, dass eine Aushöhlung des bestehenden Evidenzniveaus grundsätzlich zu vermeiden sei. Gleichwohl entsprechende Vorteile im Vergleich zu den anderen Lösungsvorschlägen gesehen wurden, ist insbesondere die Einführung einer gänzlich neuen Leistungskategorie kritisch bewertet worden. Gegenargumente waren der zeitliche Aufwand sowie die fragliche Legitimation eines DiGA-spezifischen Zugangsverfahrens.
Schlussfolgerung Die grundsätzliche Anpassung bestehender Strukturen auf die spezifischen Anforderungen digitaler Versorgungslösungen wurde als sinnvoll bis notwendig erachtet. Um Potenziale von DiGA kurzfristig sinnvoll nutzen zu können, sollten primär Anpassungen an den bestehenden Strukturen und Verfahren vorgenommen werden. Das DVG ist als erster Schritt positiv zu bewerten, stimmt jedoch nur bedingt mit den Ergebnissen und Einschätzungen aus den Fokusgruppeninterviews überein. Insbesondere mit Blick auf diagnostische und therapeutische DiGA scheinen die Neuregelungen noch nicht umfassend genug zu sein.
Transition von Jugendlichen mit Diabetes in die Erwachsenenbetreuung – eine Expertenbefragung
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Reinauer Christina , Biester Torben , Jivan Marcelus , Wendenburg Jutta , Klinkert Christof , Kapellen Thomas Michael , Müther Silvia , Meissner Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Der Transitionsprozess für Jugendliche mit chronischen Erkrankungen ist vielerorts noch ungeregelt, eine fachärztliche Weiterbetreuung ist oftmals nicht gesichert. Ziel der Studie war es, das derzeitige Vorgehen und mögliche Defizite bei der Transition von Jugendlichen mit Diabetes zu evaluieren und das Interesse und die Bereitschaft zur flächendeckenden Einführung von strukturierten Transitionsprogrammen in Deutschland zu erfragen.Methode Eine anonymisierte Onlinebefragung der Mitglieder der „Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Diabetologie e. V.“ (AGPD) wurde im Zeitraum von Oktober 2019 bis April 2020 durchgeführt.Ergebnisse 60 der 492 über den strukturierten E-Mail-Newsletter kontaktierten Mitglieder der AGPD nahmen an der Befragung teil. 81,1 % der Studienteilnehmer gaben an, die Transition im Rahmen von regulären Ambulanzterminen mit den Patienten zu besprechen. 25,8 % nutzen ein intern erarbeitetes oder extern unterstütztes strukturiertes Transitionsprogramm. Die Befragten schätzen, dass 50 % der Patienten eine intensive Unterstützung bei der Transition benötigen und 20 % im Transitionsprozess den Kontakt zur spezialisierten medizinischen Betreuung verlieren. Fast alle Befragten (91,4 %) sahen Verbesserungsbedarf im aktuellen Transitionsprozedere. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei insbesondere eine engere Zusammenarbeit von Kinderdiabetologen und Erwachsenendiabetologen, die Einführung eines strukturierten, standardisierten Vorgehens sowie eine Optimierung der Vorbereitung und Motivation der Jugendlichen. Die Einführung von strukturierten Transitionsprogrammen mit externer Unterstützung wird von der überwiegenden Zahl der Befragten als dringend notwendig (27,6 %) bzw. wichtig (41,4 %) bewertet.Schlussfolgerung Die Nutzung standardisierter strukturierter Transitionsprogramme in der Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit Diabetes ist in Deutschland bisher noch gering, aber notwendig, um eine kontinuierliche fachärztliche Betreuung zu gewährleisten. Die flächendeckende Einführung geeigneter und finanzierter Programme kann den Transitionsprozess und damit auch das langfristige Outcome der Patienten verbessern. Gerade in der Umbruchphase der Adoleszenz ist ein zuverlässiger Ansprechpartner erforderlich, der die Übernahme der Selbstverantwortung für den Diabetes begleitet.
Techniken und klinische Anwendungen der MR-Lymphangiografie in Diagnostik und Therapie von Lymphgefäßerkrankungen
Authors: Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungNeue Methoden der Lymphgefäßbildgebung werden zunehmend in Diagnostik und Therapie von Lymphgefäßerkrankungen eingesetzt. Die Magnetresonanz-Lymphangiografie nimmt dabei als strahlungsfreies und non- bzw. minimalinvasives Verfahren eine zentrale Rolle ein. Es stehen verschiedene Techniken zur Verfügung, die Informationen sowohl über Anatomie als auch Funktion des peripheren und zentralen Lymphgefäßsystems liefern können. Damit trägt die Magnetresonanz-Lymphangiografie insbesondere in der Differenzialdiagnostik und in der Therapieplanung von Patienten mit Lymphödemen, Lymphgefäßleckagen und komplexen Lymphgefäßanomalien zur Ermöglichung einer zielgerichteten, minimalinvasiven und insbesondere individualisierten Therapie betroffener Patienten bei. Im Folgenden soll ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der MR-Lymphangiografie als neue Methode zur Untersuchung von Patienten mit Lymphgefäßerkrankungen gegeben werden, diese in das Spektrum anderer verfügbarer Bildgebungsmethoden eingeordnet und mögliche klinische Indikationen aufgezeigt werden.
Invasive Beatmungstherapie im Sterbeprozess beenden – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline , Meier Stefan , Simon Steffen T. , Michels Guido 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEine invasive mechanische Beatmung kann beendet werden durch sofortige (palliative) Extubation oder durch schrittweise Reduktion der Beatmung mit Belassen des Beatmungszugangs (terminales Weaning). Beide Verfahren sind ethisch gleichwertig und im Alltag durchführbar, sodass individuelle Patientenfaktoren und die Erfahrung des Behandlungsteams ausschlaggebend sind. Im Vordergrund steht immer das Ziel: Patient und Angehörige sollen nicht leiden.
Validation of the German Version of the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale
(MEWS-G)
Authors: Nakovics Helmut , Benoit Dorit , Asherson Philip , Luderer Matthias , Alm Barbara , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine , Philipsen Alexandra , Mowlem Florence , Fischer Nicole , Sobanski Esther 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows that unintentional mind wandering is linked to Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and that its frequency contributes to symptom
severity and functional impairment in ADHD. However, empirical data on mind wandering in
adult ADHD are still scarce, and a validated scale to assess mind wandering in German
adult ADHD patients is lacking. The primary aim of this study is to assess the
psychometric properties of the German version of the recently published Mind Excessively
Wandering Scale (MEWS-G) in terms of factorial structure and factor stability, internal
consistency and construct validity. Analyses were performed in 128 adults with ADHD,
clinical and healthy controls. As described for the original English 15-item version of
the scale, we found lowest item-total-correlations for items 6, 10 and 14 with item-total
correlation of all: 0.54/ADHD: 0.32 (item 6), all: 0.55/ADHD: 0.39 (item 10) and all:
0.11/ADHD: −0.04 (item 14). Item-total correlations for the remaining items were 0.65–0.86
and Cronbach Alpha was 0.96 indicating good internal consistency of the 12-item version of
scale, on which we based all further analyses. Principal component analysis indicated a
one- and two- factorial scale structure respectively explaining 71.7 % and 78.7 % of
variance. Both factors showed good stability with lower stability of the factor-2 solution
if sample size was reduced. The two-factorial solution also had many cross-loadings and a
strong correlation of both factors in confirmatory factorial analysis (rf1f2 = 0.87). It
probably describes related and interdependent, but not distinct facets of mind wandering,
which strongly argues for the one factorial structure of the scale. Mean MEWS-G score in
ADHD was 23.77 ± 7.85 compared to 7.64 ± 7.27 in controls (p < .0001). According to
ROC, the optimal cut-off point to discriminate ADHD and controls is at MEWS-G score = 13.
On the symptom level, MEWS-G score was correlated with ADHD, depressive and total
psychiatric symptom scores, on the personality level with neuroticsm and negatively with
conscientiousness and on the functional level with social interaction difficulties and
impaired self-efficacy. In summary, our study shows that MEWS-G is a reliable, valid
instrument to assess spontaneous mind wandering in adult ADHD and to discriminate between
ADHD and controls.
Total Mycosynthesis: Rational Bioconstruction and Bioengineering of Fungal Natural Products
Authors: Kahlert Lukas , Schotte Carsten , Cox Russell J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTotal biosynthesis in fungi is beginning to compete with traditional chemical total synthesis campaigns. Herein, the advantages, disadvantages and future opportunities are discussed within the scope of several recent examples.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Examples2.1	2-Pyridones2.2	Cytochalasans2.3	Sorbicillinoids2.4	Decalins: Solanapyrone2.5	α-Pyrone Polyenes: Citreoviridin and Aurovertin2.6	Anditomin and Related Meroterpenoids2.7	Tropolone Sesquiterpenoids3	Conclusion
A New One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of 4-Aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dolzhenko Anton V. , Bin Shahari Muhammad Syafiq , Junaid Ahmad , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new method for the fast synthesis of diverse 4-aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines was developed. The synthesis is performed under microwave irradiation in a one-pot manner from cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic amines. Their three-component reaction in the presence of hydrochloric acid produced dihydrotriazines, which were then converted (without isolation) into the targeted compounds via aromatic dehydrogenation in the presence of alkali. The reaction tolerated various aromatic aldehydes (including heterocyclic) and cyclic amines. Crystal structures of two representative 4-aryl-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines were established by X-ray crystallography. The results of preliminary biological screening identified potent antileukemic activity for 6-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine.