bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic: The Existing Challenges and Available Solution; Evidence from a Systematic Review
Authors: Hoq Mohammad Injamul , Sime Md Hamidur Rahman , Hossain Md. Mohotasin , Awal Md Abdul , Hoque Muminul 
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is presently the most important topic worldwide. However, no vaccine or specific anti-viral treatment for the disease has been shown to be effective. In this emergency, identifying risk factors, preventive measures and estimating challenges which control available drug options for COVID-19 are key to mitigating the severity of the pandemic until specific drugs or vaccines become available. Therefore, this study aims to identify possible factors which affect these drug options. This study searched PubMed database using necessary Boolean operators from December 31st to March 31st 2020 in order to identify common risk factors, preventive measures, information regarding control challenges & evidence on the available drug options against COVID-19. Risk factors were found to be human-animal interactions, males, aged peopleand people with co-morbidity. Furthermore, protective factors comprised of personal hygiene etiquette maintenance, rapid identification, isolation and informing (3I tools) of the COVID-19 cases and media coverage on COVID-19. Till date, anti-viral drugs like remdesivir, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are available options to fight against COVID-19. More research is needed to determine other how to control the disease until specific treatment options are available as well as risk factors, and preventive measures.
Preliminary Results of Adding Meglumine Sodium Succinate to the Treatment of Patients with Moderate to Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kovalenko A. L. , Rizakhanov D. M. , Parfenov S. A. , Yakovlev A. Yu. , Simutis I. S. , Bobovnik S. V. , Sorokin E. P. , Plekhov A. V. , Afonchikov V. S. , Lebedinsky K. M. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to develop criteria of inclusion/noninclusion of patients for further randomized clinical trial of meglumine sodium succinate in patients with acute pancreatitis based on analysis of individual outcomes.Material and methods. The efficacy of treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe and severe acute pancreatitis (n=100, 23–65 years old) with meglumine sodium succinate (intravenous drip infusions, 10 ml/kg daily, for 11 days) was assessed. Data were collected by 10 medical centers as a part of an observational program developed in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines and Clinical Trial Committee of the AllRussia Public Organization «Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists» (FAR) and approved by local ethical committees of the institutions. Treatment was prescribed in accordance with national and international standards. The patients were divided into two groups based on the outcome: group 1 (n=81) included patients who survived, while the patients of group 2 (n=19) died. We analyzed demographic characteristics of the groups, life and illness history, physical examination, routine laboratory and instrumental investigation data. The obtained results were statistically analyzed.Results. We identified several factors occurring during hospitalization and/or transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), which could be predictors of adverse outcome and had varying impact on the risk of death in patients treated with the study drug. High-risk factors included stupor, platelet count below 248.5×109/l, base excess (BE) less than -2.9 mmol/l, and urea above 11.85 mmol/l. Risk factors included body temperature below 37.1°C, plasma creatinine above 237 µmol/l, and glucose above 9.45 mmol/l. Mottled skin and plasma ionized calcium levels below 1.13 mmol/l were considered probable risk factors.Conclusion. Determined prognostically significant predictors of adverse outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis receiving Reamberin should be considered when selecting inclusion/exclusion criteria for the randomized controlled comparative clinical study of the efficacy of meglumine sodium succinate in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Umbilical Cord Management for Newborns &lt;34 Weeks' Gestation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Seidler Anna Lene , Gyte Gillian M.L. , Rabe Heike , Díaz-Rossello José L. , Duley Lelia , Aziz Khalid , Testoni Costa-Nobre Daniela , Davis Peter G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Ovelman Colleen , Askie Lisa M. , Soll Roger ,   ON BEHALF OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION NEONATAL LIFE SUPPORT TASK FORCE
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized scientific review of umbilical cord management strategies at preterm birth.OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of umbilical cord management strategies (including timing of cord clamping and cord milking) in preterm infants &lt;34 weeks’ gestation.DATA SOURCES:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and trial registries were searched through July 2019 for randomized controlled trials assessing timing of cord clamping and/or cord milking.STUDY SELECTION:Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility, extracted data, appraised risk of bias, and assessed evidence certainty (GRADE).DATA EXTRACTION:We identified 42 randomized controlled trials (including 5772 infants) investigating 4 different comparisons of cord management interventions.RESULTS:Compared to early cord clamping, delayed cord clamping (DCC) and intact-cord milking (ICM) may slightly improve survival; however, both are compatible with no effect (DCC: risk ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.00 to 1.04, n = 2988 infants, moderate certainty evidence; ICM: risk ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.98 to 1.06, n = 945 infants, moderate certainty evidence). DCC and ICM both probably improve hematologic measures but may not affect major neonatal morbidities.LIMITATIONS:For many of the included comparisons and outcomes, certainty of evidence was low. Our subgroup analyses were limited by few researchers reporting subgroup data.CONCLUSIONS:DCC appears to be associated with some benefit for infants born &lt;34 weeks. Cord milking needs further evidence to determine potential benefits or harms. The ideal cord management strategy for preterm infants is still unknown, but early clamping may be harmful.
Historia colonial del sur de la Ciudad de Belice. Espacios marginales y exclusión en el Caribe centroamericano
Authors: Domínguez Barbosa Harry Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

La Ciudad de Belice se ha desarrollado en un territorio notorio de divisiones espaciales y sociales; el crecimiento de una urbe en el Caribe anglófono, producto de un colonialismo inglés que extraía maderas preciosas dio forma a una ciudad costera que fue extendiéndose en la parte sur del rio Belice en dirección suroeste, a la par de que los terrenos cercanos a la costa y de la zona norte representaron espacios atractivos para la élite. Este crecimiento, puede percibirse desde los primeros asentamientos británicos hasta nuestros días, no obstante desastres naturales y problemas sociales en el sur de la ciudad han reforzado estereotipos negativos de esa sección de la ciudad, a pesar de la riqueza histórico y cultural de las calles y su gente.

Palabras claves: Honduras Británica, Ciudad de Belice, colonialismo, afrodescendientes, creole.
Spiritual Well-being, Attitude, Involvement, Perceptions and Competencies
Authors: Brandstötter Cornelia , Sari Kundt Firuzan , Paal Piret 
Published: February 2021

Developing spirituality and spiritual care competencies in nursing students is an important task. In German-speaking countries, research investigating spiritual care in nursing teaching and nursing practice is limited. The aim of this study was to measure nursing students’ perceptions of their spiritual care competencies, care attitudes, involvement, perception and well-being. Three groups of second-year undergraduate nursing students in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 participated in a cross-sectional study using validated scales to measure students’ spiritual well-being (JAREL), spiritual care attitudes and involvement (SAIL), spirituality and spiritual care perceptions (SSCRS), and competencies (SCCS). Nursing students (N = 191) show a high level of spiritual attitude and involvement. The groups attained similar scores on the SSCRS, but the group of 2020 achieved the highest score, indicating a broader view of spirituality. This group also scored highest on the SCCS, which shows a higher self-perceived competence in delivering spiritual care. At the same time, the 2020 group reported significantly low spiritual well-being scores. Students rated their competencies in delivering spiritual care as high. This may be negatively affected if their spiritual well-being remains low. Further investigation is needed to clarify how to tackle this shortcoming in educational training.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Poster dan Video Terhadap Penguasaan Keterampilan Pencak
Authors: Intaha Ahmad Maulana , Saputra Yudha Munajat , Mulyana Mulyana 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan perbedaan pengaruh media pembelajaran poster dan video terhadap penguasaan keterampilan pencak silat. Dalam penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian eksperimen. Data diolah dengan uji t. Temuan penelitian ini diantaranya: nilai mean kelompok media poster -5,259 standar deviasi 1,678 dengan sig ( 2 tailed ) 0,000 dan kelompok media video mendapatkan mean -7,565 standar deviasi ,945 dengan sig ( 2 tailed) 0,00. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dipaparkan di pendahuluan, penelitian ini mengandung implikasi bahwa penggunaan media poster dan video dapat diintregasikan dengan penguasaan keterampilan pencak silat. Kelompok yang diberikan treatment media video mendapat peningkatan yang signifikan.
Economic Justification of the Criminal Law Policy in the Field of Competition Protection
Authors: Danilovskaya A. V. 
Published: February 2021

The importance of criminal law protection of competition is determined by the important role that competition plays in a market economy, namely, its ability to promote the growth of public welfare, as well as the socially dangerous consequences of acts that are directed against it. The need for state intervention in the economy, especially in the field of competition, is basically a recognized position in economic science. However, there is a discussion among researchers about the problems of criminal law impact on the sphere of economic activity. A number of authors point out the importance of criminal liability for anti-competitive acts, as well as the need to expand the scope of criminal law impact on other manifestations of anti-competitive behavior.The paper notes that the impact of criminal law on the economy is based not only on constitutional and legal guarantees of protection against monopolization and unfair competition, but also on economically justified reasons. Applying the economic approach the author conducted the study of the impact of anti-competitive violations on public welfare and the economy. As a result, the author notes the relatively similar nature of the negative consequences of different types of anti-competitive acts. The scale of such consequences led to the recognition of the anti-competitive actions considered in the paper as market failures that require state intervention. Particular attention is given to the economic justification of the criminalization of cartels, acts of corruption in the field of competition, unfair competition.Based on the criminal-legal approach, taking into account the economic analysis of the consequences of anticompetitive acts, the conclusion is made about the degree of their public danger, about the impossibility of excluding criminal legal counteraction to such behavior, despite the fact that decriminalization of individual acts can be effective if the state takes the necessary measures.
Administrative Justice in the Soviet Period: An Analysis of the Theory, Legislation and Practice of the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Ablaeva E. B. , Ensebaeva A. R. , Utanov M. A. 
Published: February 2021

In the Soviet theory, the complex and confusing path that administrative justice overcame in its formation is conditionally divided into four stages. Based on the periodization identified by Soviet scientists (A.V. Absalyamov, V. I. Piunova, and D. M. Chechot) the authors conclude that the institute under consideration was more or less developed in 1961-1993. The administrative justice of the second half of the 20th century has a relatively high quality characteristic, because, first, at the fourth stage of the Soviet period, the right to judicial appeal was assigned to a wider range of persons and was provided for in the most important spheres of society. Second, with the adoption in 1961 of The Foundations of the civil procedure in the USSR and Union republics disputes between the bodies of Soviet power and citizens were separated from other cases and formed a separate category. These two circumstances determined the choice of the research topic.The authors analyze the normative legal acts adopted in the post-war years, which regulated public-legal relations. Familiarization with the theory of the Soviet administrative justice and the practice of its application in the second half of the 20th century is of interest to the former Union Republic, namely the Kazakh SSR. The paper describes the Soviet way of development and improvement of the institute of administrative justice in the period from the end of the Great Patriotic War to the beginning of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The purpose of the work is to study the public legal relations that arose between Soviet citizens and the Soviet state in the person of its bodies and institutions, as well as officials and employees.
Thanatophoric dysplasia- a rare cause of stillbirth and perinatal mortality: a case report
Authors: Agrawal Priti , Agrawal Rishi , Lobo Anandi 
Published: February 2021

Lethal skeletal dysplasia is estimated to occur in 0.95 per 10,000 deliveries. Thanatophoric dysplasia affects about 1in 25000 to 50000 births. The term thanatophoric is Greek word for “death bearing”. Children with this condition are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth from respiratory failure. We report a case of LSD (Thanatophoric dysplasia), in an unbooked patient where previous two children and couple were absolutely normal. Our patient, 31 years old, unbooked case presented with history of amenorrhea 8 months and unable to perceive fetal movements. Her husband’s age was 33 years. This was her third pregnancy. She had previous 2 deliveries by LSCS. Ultrasonography revealed single intrauterine live fetus in breech presentation with multiple fetal anomalies. There was shortening and deformity of all four limbs (micromelia) with poor mineralization of all bones. Thorax was pear shaped with short horizontal ribs and abnormal cardiothoracic ratio. LSCS was done in emergency for impending rupture of previous LSCS scar. Post-delivery examination and X-ray of the fetus revealed decreased skull mineralization, frontal bossing, hypoplastic nasal bone, midface hypoplasia, mandibular hypoplasia, pear shaped chest, protuberant abdomen, micromelia, dumbbell shaped appearance of all long bones. TD is caused due to mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3), which is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. Type I TD is characterized by marked underdeveloped skeleton and short-curved long bones. Conventional radiographic examination remains the most useful means of studying the dysplastic skeleton. Bony evaluation is best done on X-rays or ultrasonography. The diagnosis of TD can be established with ultrasound and molecular confirmation in the second trimester can help in genetic counselling and termination of such lethal pregnancies. LSD’s are rare event. If our patient had undergone anomaly scan in second trimester of pregnancy, this defect could have been detected earlier. The outcome of fetus is lethal but maternal morbidity can be reduced if diagnosed early.
Establishing a school-based vision screening program in Myanmar: a qualitative study on the perspectives of school children with refractive error, teachers, optometrists and ophthalmologists
Authors: Oo Soe Min , Mon Myo Mon , Mon Khaing Lay 
Published: February 2021

Background: Refractive error (RE) is one of the global leading causes of vision impairment among children. The World Health Organization outlined the school-based vision care program aided by school teachers as one solution. In Myanmar, although the prevalence of RE among school children is expected at about two million, a regular eye check-up program has not been established. This study aimed to explore the barriers, feasibility, and limitations of the children with RE and service providers to establish a program.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in eight public schools,that have been involved in the pilot school-based vision screening program, in Yangon. Focus group discussions with school children and teachers from these schools, key informant interviews with optometrists and ophthalmologists, involved in the program, and working at Yangon Eye Hospital and North Okala General Hospital, were carried out from January to August 2020. Qualitative data analysis was manually performed using the grounded theory according to the pre-defined themes.Results: Almost all school children showed positive perspectives but they expressed their psychosocial barriers of the cost, time, and care given by their parents on the next vision examination. All teachers mentioned optimism to be volunteers. The optometrist and ophthalmologists revealed the feasibility to establish the program despite having limitations in human resources, logistic requirements, and low awareness level on visual impairment of the children by parents.Conclusions: This study highlighted that a school-based vision care program can be initiated in Myanmar despite having some barriers and limitations.
A cross sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice about COVID-19 among bystanders of patients visiting OPD, AIIMS, New-Delhi, India
Authors: Chowdhary Devanshi , Sharma Ankita , Gopichandran L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: According to WHO, the prevention and control of an epidemic and pandemic constitutes following preventive measures like hand washing, cough etiquette and dissemination of knowledge among other measures. In context to COVID-19, these measures have been proved to be very effective rendering various countries to be free of COVID-19. The knowledge, attitude and practice studies play an important role in assessing the societal readiness to accept behavioural changes, moreover they also determine baseline information to assess the actions to be taken to change the attitude and increase the knowledge of the people regarding the situation. Thus this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the common public in India.Methods: A cross sectional survey was done among the attenders of patients visiting the cardiac/CTVS OPD during the month of June to July. A total of 200 patients attendants were enrolled in the study. Due to COVID-19 restrictions only 10 patients per day were enrolled. After obtaining informed consent an online questionnaire was sent to their mobile phones via electronic media and participants were requested to fill the questionnaire while waiting for the doctor’s visit. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants were assessed by a validated KAP survey questionnaire.Results: The participants had a good knowledge score. The mean knowledge score (minimum, maximum) among the population was 7.7±1.7 (0, 11) though the participants had a poor practice score of 2.3±1.01 (0, 4). The participants had a positive attitude regarding the preventive practices regarding COVID-19 and also a positive attitude towards health care workers. The mean attitude score was 21.3±3.5 (5, 25). A significant positive correlation (r=0.263) was found between knowledge and practice scores. A significant association was also found in between the age with attitude and practice scores, and also in between qualification with knowledge and total KAP score.Conclusions: The present study concludes that people have good knowledge regarding the various aspects of COVID-19, also there was positive correlation of knowledge with practice. Hence it is important to disseminate right knowledge regarding the pandemic COVID-19 so that general public performs the appropriate practices in order to keep themselves and their near ones safe. This study reflects the awareness of general public in the difficult time, as well as their helping attitude towards healthcare professionals in form of providing accommodation etc. Community awareness, participation and preparedness are key factors in achieving a good health for all.
Causes and determinants of blindness in inmates of blind schools
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Agrawal V. K. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Globally visual impairment is a serious public health, social and economic problem, 1.1 billion people are visually disabled. India has 12 million blind people. Studies conducted so far have highlighted mainly the medical aspects of blindness. With the intention to study medico-social aspects of blindness in India the current study was undertaken in two institutes for the blind in Pune.Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted using a study questionnaire. A modified WHO eye examination record for blindness and low vision was administered to all (290) inmates of Technical Training Institute of Pune Blind Men’s Association and The Pune School and Home for the Blind Boys from 01 Aug 2014 to 31 July 2015 at Pune. Psychosocial aspects of inmates were recorded as per hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Analysis of collected data was done with the help of epi info and PEPI Programs version-4.Results: Retina (61.7 percent) and cornea (31.0 percent) were the main site of lesion. Overall, 40.4 percent had potentially avoidable cause of blindness. 46.6 percent of inmates had normal psychosocial patterns as per HADS scale.Conclusions: Strengthening of preventive and curative services for the complex medico-social aspects of blindness. Involvement of retina in 61.7 percent of inmates shows that genetically determined diseases are an emerging important cause of blindness justifies the requirement of genetic counselling along with other preventive and curative intervention for prevention of blindness in India.