bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding light on the link between the spatial distribution of eggs and survival in Northeast Arctic cod
Authors: Langangen Øystein , Stige Leif Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpreading the offspring in space and time may offer bet‐hedging benefits by buffering environmental influences on parts of the offspring distribution. It has previously been shown that high mean age and size of spawners in the Northeast Arctic stock of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is positively associated with high abundance and wide spatiotemporal distribution of eggs. However, little support has been found for a wide egg distribution acting as a buffer against environmental influences by leading to higher mean or less variable recruitment. The lacking relation between egg distribution and recruitment can be due to data limitation or alternatively that wide egg distributions may be of limited relevance for survival in later stages. To investigate these two alternatives, we analysed the output from a mechanistic coupled physical–biological drift model that projected the abundance of juvenile cod on the nursing grounds in the Barents Sea from empirically estimated egg distributions. The projections were performed with initial egg distributions reflecting the expected distributions at high and low mean weight of the spawners. We found that the extended distribution at the fringes only marginally contributed to recruitment, as a large proportion of the extra eggs at high mean age and size of spawners did not reach suitable nursing areas or failed to grow to a suitable size by the end of the season. In conclusion, our results suggest that the buffering effect of a geographically wide distribution of spawning products is insignificant compared to other effects on recruitment.
Purified Na2CrO4–H2SO4: A New Low‐Blank Medium for Re‐Os Dating of Black Shale
Authors: Li Xinwei , Li Chao , Pei Haoxiang , Zhou Limin , Qu Wenjun , Du Andao 
Published: January 2021

The H2SO4–CrO3 method has been widely used in Re‐Os isotope dating of organic‐rich sedimentary rocks. However, the high Re blank of this method inhibits the collection of high‐precision Re‐Os data, especially for organic‐rich sedimentary rocks with low Re and Os mass fractions. Here, we report a new H2SO4–Na2CrO4 method in which the Re blank of the Na2CrO4 reagent can be greatly reduced after efficient purification by acetone. A proportion of 0.6 g Na2CrO4/8 ml H2SO4 was selected as the best digestion combination based on tests of black shales with different organic carbon contents in three digestion media (inverse aqua regia, H2SO4–CrO3, and H2SO4–Na2CrO4). The H2SO4–Na2CrO4 method has an ultra‐low total procedural blank of 1–2 pg for Re and 0.6–1 pg for Os, respectively, which is one order of magnitude lower than the H2SO4–CrO3 method and is comparable with to inverse aqua regia method. The new method was applied to reference material SBC‐1 and two series of black shale samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained via the inverse aqua regia method. These findings confirm the accuracy and feasibility of the H2SO4–Na2CrO4 method, and demonstrate its ability to accurately determine the depositional age of organic‐rich sedimentary rocks with low Re and Os mass fractions.
LincRNA‐EPS alleviates severe acute pancreatitis by suppressing HMGB1‐triggered inflammation in pancreatic macrophages
Authors: Chen Shengchuan , Zhu Jingfei , Sun Li‐Qiong , Liu Siying , Zhang Tan , Jin Yuepeng , Huang Chaohao , Li Dapei , Yao Haiping , Huang Jian , Qin Yanghua , Zhou Mengtao , Chen Gang , Zhang Qiyu , Ma Feng 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAcute pancreatitis (AP), an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas with a high hospitalization rate, frequently leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). However, therapeutic targets for effective treatment and early intervention of AP are still urgently required to be identified. Here, we have observed that the expression of pancreatic lincRNA‐EPS, a long intergenic non‐coding RNA, is dynamically changed during both caerulein‐induced AP (Cer‐AP) and sodium taurocholate‐induced severe AP (NaTc‐SAP). The expression pattern of lincRNA‐EPS is negatively correlated with the typical inflammatory genes such as IL‐6, IL‐1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2. Further studies indicate that knockout of lincRNA‐EPS aggravates the pathological symptoms of AP including more induction of serum amylase and lipase, severe edema, inflammatory cells infiltration and acinar necrosis in both experimental AP mouse models. Besides these intrapancreatic effects, lincRNA‐EPS also protects against tissue damages in the extra‐pancreatic organs such as lung, liver, and gut in the NaTc‐SAP mouse model. In addition, we have observed more serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the lincRNA‐EPS‐/‐ NaTc‐SAP mice and more extracellular HMGB1 around injured acinar cells in the pancreas from lincRNA‐EPS‐/‐ NaTc‐SAP mice, compared with their respective controls. Pharmacological inhibition of NF‐B activity by BAY11‐7082 significantly abolishes the suppressive effect of lincRNA‐EPS on TLR4 ligand‐induced inflammatory genes in macrophages. Our study has described a protective role of lincRNA‐EPS in alleviating AP and SAP, outlined a novel pathway that lincRNA‐EPS suppresses HMGB1‐NF‐B‐dependent inflammatory response in pancreatic macrophages and provided a potential therapeutic target for SAP.
Epitranscriptome machinery in Trypanosomatids: New players on the table?
Authors: Maran Suellen Rodrigues , de Lemos Padilha Pitta João Luiz , dos Santos Vasconcelos Crhisllane Rafaele , McDermott Suzanne M. , Rezende Antonio Mauro , Silvio Moretti Nilmar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrypanosoma and Leishmania parasites cause devastating tropical diseases resulting in serious global health consequences. These organisms have complex life cycles with mammalian hosts and insect vectors. The parasites must, therefore, survive in different environments, demanding rapid physiological and metabolic changes. These responses depend upon regulation of gene expression, which primarily occurs posttranscriptionally. Altering the composition or conformation of RNA through nucleotide modifications is one posttranscriptional mechanism of regulating RNA fate and function, and modifications including N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), N1‐methyladenosine (m1A), N5‐methylcytidine (m5C), N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C), and pseudouridine (Ψ), dynamically regulate RNA stability and translation in diverse organisms. Little is known about RNA modifications and their machinery in Trypanosomatids, but we hypothesize that they regulate parasite gene expression and are vital for survival. Here, we identified Trypanosomatid homologs for writers of m1A, m5C, ac4C, and Ψ and analyze their evolutionary relationships. We systematically review the evidence for their functions and assess their potential use as therapeutic targets. This work provides new insights into the roles of these proteins in Trypanosomatid parasite biology and treatment of the diseases they cause and illustrates that Trypanosomatids provide an excellent model system to study RNA modifications, their molecular, cellular, and biological consequences, and their regulation and interplay.
In favour of a Basque state. A paradigm shift?
Authors: Fullaondo Arkaitz , Zabalo Julen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere have been changes in how support is rallied for the secessionist process in the Basque Country this century. We can appreciate a new scheme based on factors relating to welfare along with the traditional scheme based, above all, on factors relating to identity. How important is each of them? By using the statistical technique of logistic regression, we have been able to look deeper into the variables that explain being favourably disposed to a Basque state, as well as those that explain a change in stance, based on a variety of dimensions. The results indicate, on the one hand, that there is currently no one factor to explain a favourable position towards a Basque state. What's more, in the future, the stances on a Basque state are likely to shift more easily, depending on the interests and sentiments at any given moment.
Systematic review of physical exercise for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Zhang Huan , Liu Yuanfei , Ma Jingya , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are systemic autoimmune connective tissue diseases. The safety and effectiveness of exercise for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for physical exercise among patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Relevant experimental studies were identified through searching the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases, and studies involving any type of physical exercise for ≥1 month were considered. The primary outcome was muscle strength, and the secondary outcomes included aerobic fitness, functional performance, health status, quality of life, activities of daily living, pain, and fatigue. Eight randomized controlled trials and thirteen nonrandomized uncontrolled trials were reviewed. Physical exercise appeared safe, with several positive effects. However, selection or allocation biases and small sample sizes affected the certainty of the evidence. While physical exercise appeared safe for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with several positive effects, studies of a higher methodological quality and involving patients with active disease are needed. Furthermore, to design optimal exercise programs, consistent and sensitive outcome measures are needed to facilitate comparisons of results from different studies.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Erythromelalgia Related Foot Pain: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Canzanello Nicholas , Lamer Tim J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractErythromelalgia is a rare neurovascular disorder characterized by erythema, warmth, and episodic burning pain, often felt in the face, hands, and feet. Symptoms are typically worse with heat, exercise, stress, and during the overnight hours. Management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including pain trigger avoidance, cool water baths, and topical and oral neuropathic medications. The use of spinal cord stimulation has been described in multiple case reports with success reported out to 24 months. To our knowledge, the use of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation for erythromelalgia‐related pain has not been described. Herein, we present a case of erythromelalgia‐related pain at the bilateral plantar surfaces of the feet, which was treated successfully with bilateral sacral S1 nerve root DRG stimulation.
Successful treatment of chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome with tofacitinib
Authors: Patel Pooja N. , Hunt Raegan , Pettigrew Zachary J. , Shirley Joel Brian , Vogel Tiphanie P. , de Guzman Marietta M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disorder. Cutaneous manifestations of CANDLE syndrome include characteristic recurring violaceous annular plaques comprised of an immature dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate. In CANDLE syndrome, deleterious genetic mutations inhibit proteasome‐immunoproteasome function, resulting in cellular accumulation of ubiquitinated waste proteins that activate type I interferon signaling to drive inflammation. We describe a report of successful treatment of a 12‐year‐old girl with CANDLE syndrome with tofacitinib.
Antitumour metastasis and the antiangiogenic and antitumour effects of a Eimeria stiedae soluble protein
Authors: Huang Haibin , Yang Wentao , Hu Jingtao , Jiang Yanlong , Wang Jianzhong , Shi Chunwei , Kang Yuanhuan , Wang Dan , Wang Chunfeng , Yang Guilian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSome protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, etc) are used to treat cancer because they can improve tumour‐induced immunosuppression. This study aims to evaluate the antitumour effect of Eimeria stiedae oocyst soluble protein (ESSP). ESSP was extracted, and mice were injected with 5 × 105 CT26 cells in the right axilla, and then, 50 μg of ESSP was intraperitoneally injected for 5 continuous days. The effect of ESSP on tumour immunity was detected by flow cytometry 25 days after the CT26 inoculation. The results showed that ESSP can inhibit the growth of CT26 subcutaneous tumours; significantly increase the expression of MHC I, MHC II, CD80 and CD86 on the surface of splenic dendritic cells; and enhance the level of IL‐12 secretion. ESSP induced an increase in the number of NK cells in the mouse spleen, and the levels of IFN‐γ and CD107 were upregulated in the NK cells and CD8+ T cells. The number of metastatic nodules in the lung tumours in the mice was significantly reduced, and the number of tubes, area of the loops and total length of the tubes were significantly reduced. ESSP enhances the antitumour immune response and inhibits tumour growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.
Siblings versus parents: Warm relationships and shyness among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Chen Bin‐Bin , Chen Xiaochen , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAssociations between parent–child relationships and adolescents' shyness are well documented, but relatively little is known about the role of siblings. This three‐wave longitudinal research examined reciprocal associations between parental and sibling warmth and adolescents' shyness in China. One hundred and fifty Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.84 years; 56.7% girls) participated. Data were collected from multiple sources including self‐reports and peer assessments. Cross‐lagged model analyses revealed unique longitudinal paths from sibling warmth to adolescents' shyness and from adolescents' shyness to sibling warmth. Moreover, no cross‐lagged paths existed between fathers' and mothers' warmth and adolescents' shyness. The results suggest that sibling relationships may be a unique social context for socialization and development among Chinese adolescents.
Mobile snapshot hyperspectral imaging device for skin evaluation using diffractive optical elements
Authors: Kern Christian , Speck Uwe , Riesenberg Rainer , Reble Carina , Khazaka Georg , Zieger Michael , Kaatz Martin , De Gregorio Marco , Fischer Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveA mobile handheld snapshot hyperspectral imaging device was developed and tested for in vivo skin evaluation using a new spectral imaging technology.MethodsThe device is equipped with four different LED light sources (VIS, 810 nm, 850 nm, and 940 nm) for illumination. Based on a diffractive optical element (DOE) combined with a CMOS sensor chip, a snapshot hyperspectral imager is achieved for the application on human skin. The diffractive optical element (DOE) consists of a two‐dimensional array of identically repeated diffractive microstructures. One hyperspectral image for all wavelength regions is taken within a few seconds. Complex recalculation of the VIS spectral distribution and image information from the received DOE image requires several minutes, depending on computing performance. A risk assessment on the irradiation sources shows no risk of harm due to the LED radiation.ResultsSkin tone color patches experiments reproducibly deliver images and spectra of different skin tones. First in vivo use of the device identified pigmentation changes within the field of view.ConclusionWe present a working mobile snapshot hyperspectral imaging tool based on diffractive optical elements. This device or future developments thereof can be used for broad skin evaluation in vivo.
Clearance of longstanding treatment‐resistant warts during COVID‐19 in a transplant recipient
Authors: Erkayman Merve H. , Bilen Handan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus, infects basal keratinocytes and causes common warts and as well as malignancies of skin and mucous membranes. Although many treatment options are available, persistent HPV infections are common among transplant recipients. Herein, we present a patient with a 15‐year history of treatment‐resistant warts that regressed during COVID‐19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) treatment.
Influence of submerged macrophyte Potamogetoncrispus growth on nutrient translocation in sediments
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Mi Weijie , Lei Ziyan , Zhou Yiyong , Zhu Duanwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSediments with and without Potamogeton crispus were simultaneously incubated outdoors to determine the effects of plant growth on the nutrients migration. After 3 months of incubation, the Fe, Mn, Si, Cu and Zn concentrations of the plant roots were significantly higher than those of the shoots (p < .05). Additionally, when P. crispus was present, the nutrient contents varied in the descending order Ca (18.54 mg/L) > Mg (4.132 mg/L) > P (8.211 μg/L) > Cu (5.45 μg/L) > Mn (0.151 μg/L) in the overlying water and in the order Ca (24.31 mg/L) > Mg (11.33 mg/L) > Mn (1349 μg/L) > P (125 μg/L) > Cu (18.91 μg/L) in the pore water. The presence of P. crispus also significantly increased the P concentration of the overlying water and the Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations of the pore water (p < .05). Furthermore, the growth of P. crispus increased the water‐extractable P level in the sediment but decreased the amounts of available Fe and Mn in the sediment (p < .05). These results indicate that the presence of P. crispus can lead to the redistribution of nutrients in sediments and in the overlying water, and this redistribution is conducive to the restoration of contaminated sediments. We suggest that more submerged macrophytes be planted in polluted water bodies to improve the water restoration effect.
Non‐invasive peripheral focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the celiac plexus ameliorates symptoms in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Akhtar Kainat , Hirschstein Zall , Stefanelli Allison , Iannilli Emilia , Srinivasan Aditya , Barenboim Linda , Balkaya Mustafa , Cunha Alexandra , Audil Aliyah , Kochman Eliyahu M. , Chua Fuyee , Ravi Maya , Mikkilineni Saisree , Watkins Hanel , O'Connor William , Fan Ying , Cotero Victoria , Ashe Jeffrey , Puleo Christopher , Kao Tzu‐Jen , Shin Damian S. 
Published: January 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Does peripheral non‐invasive focused ultrasound targeted to the celiac plexus improve inflammatory bowel disease?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Peripheral non‐invasive focused ultrasound targeted to the celiac plexus in a rat model of ulcerative colitis improved stool consistency and reduced stool bloodiness, which coincided with a longer and healthier colon than in animals without focused ultrasound treatment. The findings suggest that this novel neuromodulatory technology could serve as a plausible therapeutic approach for improving symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

AbstractIndividuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience significantly diminished quality of life. Here, we aim to stimulate the celiac plexus with non‐invasive peripheral focused ultrasound (FUS) to modulate the enteric cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway. This approach may have clinical utility as an efficacious IBD treatment given the non‐invasive and targeted nature of this therapy. We employed the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of colitis, administering lower (5%) and higher (7%) doses to rats in drinking water. FUS on the celiac plexus administered twice a day for 12 consecutive days to rats with severe IBD improved stool consistency scores from 2.2 ± 1 to 1.0 ± 0.0 with peak efficacy on day 5 and maximum reduction in gross bleeding scores from 1.8 ± 0.8 to 0.8 ± 0.8 on day 6. Similar improvements were seen in animals in the low dose DSS group, who received FUS only once daily for 12 days. Moreover, animals in the high dose DSS group receiving FUS twice daily maintained colon length (17.7 ± 2.5 cm), while rats drinking DSS without FUS exhibited marked damage and shortening of the colon (13.8 ± 0.6 cm) as expected. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ were reduced with DSS but coincided with control levels after FUS, which is plausibly due to a loss of colon crypts in the former and healthier crypts in the latter. Lastly, overall, these results suggest non‐invasive FUS of peripheral ganglion can deliver precision therapy to improve IBD symptomology.
Structural Mechanics of Negative Stiffness Honeycomb Metamaterials
Authors: Mehreganian Navid , Fallah Arash S. , Sareh Pooya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of multi-stable structural forms has attracted considerable attention in the design of architected multi-materials, metamaterials, and morphing structures, as a result of some unusual properties such as negative stiffness and, possibly, negative Poisson's ratio. Multi-stability is achieved through a morphological change of shape upon loading, and in doing so multi-stable structures undergo transitions from one equilibrium state to another. This paper investigates the structural performance of the negative stiffness honeycomb (NSH) metamaterials made of double curved beams which are emerging in various applications such as sensors, actuators, and lightweight impact protective structures with structural tunability and recoverability. An analytical treatment is pursued using the Euler–Lagrange theorem and the stability of the honeycomb has been studied. Based on a static analysis of the nonlinear elastic system, the developed tangent stiffness matrix and ensuing deformation curve were assessed through multiple phases of deformation. The closed-form solution was in good agreement with the numerical finite element (FE) model at different bistability ratios. It was shown that the bistability ratio had a pronounced effect on the overall response of the honeycomb and the desired negativity in the stiffness matrix could be achieved with high bistability ratios.
Electrowetting Induced Droplet Generation in T-Junctions
Authors: Merdasi A. , Moosavi A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, droplet generation in a T-junction fluidic channel device was studied by using electrowetting actuation with the consideration of different droplet forming regimes. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) was used to solve the unsteady Naiver–Stokes equation. In addition, the level set method was applied to capture the interface between two phases. It was shown that there was a good agreement between obtained data and other work during the process of droplet generation in the absence of electrowetting actuation which results in the decrease in the size of the droplet with increasing the velocity ratios. In the shearing regime, the effectiveness of electrowetting on the droplet generation frequency as well as droplet size is visible in a T-junction fluidic channel since after applying voltages, specified with nondimensional electrowetting numbers of η=0.5 and 1.2, dispersed phase is pulled out into the oil phase. In fact, by applying the voltage on the top wall, the droplet breakup time was decreased and smaller droplets were produced. Finally, different important parameters such as pressure difference across the interface as well as shear stress exerted from the continuous phase shear stress were examined in detail.