bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and antibacterial therapy in the inpatient settings: to whom, when, why?
Authors: Karoli Nina A. , Aparkina Alena V. , Grigoryeva Elena V. , Magdeeva Nadezhda A. , Nikitina Natalia M. , Rebrov Andrey P. 
Published: December 2021

Although antibiotics (ABs) are ineffective against COVID-19, they are often prescribed to patients with the new coronavirus infection. Many of these prescriptions are uncalled for.The aim of the work is to assess the frequency of prescribing antibiotics to hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, identify the most commonly prescribed ABs, and determine the significance of various biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial infection.Methods. A retrospective analysis of 190 inpatient cases with confirmed COVID-19 was carried out. The records of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit were excluded from the analysis. Two groups were formed: 30 patients (group 1) with COVID-19, emergency or elective surgery, and exacerbation of chronic infectious diseases, and 160 patients (group 2) with manifestations of COVID-19 only.Results. ABs were prescribed to 189 patients upon admission to the hospital. The most frequently prescribed ABs included macrolides (63.5%), respiratory fluoroquinolones (49.7%), and third or fourth-generation cephalosporins (57.1%). ABs were administered starting from the first day of admission and until the discharge. The patients in group 2 were more often prescribed respiratory fluoroquinolones and, less often, III - IV generation cephalosporins. Moreover, macrolides were used in the treatment regimens of both groups. Longer administration of respiratory fluoroquinolones to patients in group 2 than patients in group 1 (p < 0,05) was noted. Group 2 also tended to receive longer therapy with macrolides. On admission, the patients with signs of bacterial infection had more significant leukocytosis with a neutrophilic shift, a more common increase in ESR of more than 20 mm/h and an increase in the level of procalcitonin > 0,5 ng/ml.Conclusion. ABs were administered to the overwhelming majority of hospitalized patients in the absence of clear therapeutic indications. The ABs are likely to have a minimal benefit as empirical treatment of COVID-19 and are associated with unintended consequences, including adverse effects and increased antibiotic resistance. According to our data, the most informative markers of a secondary bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 are leukocytosis with a neutrophilic shift, an increase in ESR of more than 20 mm/h, and a procalcitonin level of more than 0,5 ng/ml.
Assessment of the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation after COVID-19 based on the functional capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Authors: Kamenskaya Oksana V. , Loginova Irina Yu. , Klinkova Asya S. , Chernyavsky Alexander M. , Bergen Tatiana A. , Tarkova Alexandra R. , Grishin Oleg V. , Voevoda Michail I. , Lomivorotov Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2021

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation after pneumonia associated with the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), based on the study of functional capacity of the cardiovascular system and the external respiratory system.Methods. The study included 70 patients who had COVID-19 pneumonia and underwent a medical rehabilitation program from September to December 2020. Before being included in the rehabilitation program, all patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT), including an assessment of the lungs diffusion capacity, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest, echocardiography, an evaluation of the quality of life according to the SF-36 questionnaire and the severity of shortness of breath on the mMRC scale. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was evaluated against the changes in PFT parameters, exercise tolerance, and quality of life.Results. At the enrollment, 46% of patients retained lung tissue lesions shown by MSCT and accompanied by a decrease in the lung diffusion capacity (67 (55 - 79%) of predicted value), dyspnea of 1.6 (1.0 - 3.0) points according to mMRC scale, moderate level of exercise tolerance and quality of life. Complex cardiopulmonary rehabilitation for 12 - 14 days in a specialized hospital led to a significant improvement in the parameters of pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation, peak oxygen consumption, and an increase in the reserve capacity of the cardiorespiratory system. The factors limiting the improvement of pulmonary gas exchange were the older age of the patients and the increased pressure in the pulmonary artery system. The positive influence of rehabilitation on both the physical and psycho-emotional components of the quality of life was noted.Conclusion. Complex cardiopulmonary rehabilitation with the assessment of changes in the oxygen metabolism parameters and functional capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems has shown to be safe and highly effective in the studied group of patients who have had COVID-19 pneumonia.
The clinical significance of the parameters of the capillary bed, heart rate variability, and computer bronchophonography in the differential diagnosis of diseases accompanied by prolonged cough in children
Authors: Udaltsova Ekaterina V. , Melnikova Irina M. , Mizernitsky Yury L. 
Published: December 2021

Differentia! diagnosis of the causes of prolonged cough is difficult because of its multifactorial nature. Diagnostics in case of a cough that persists for more than 4 weeks is based on clinical data, but sometimes it is not enough to establish a diagnosis. This issue led to the development of algorithms based on additional diagnostic criteria evaluated with modern non-invasive functional methods for diagnosing diseases accompanied by a prolonged cough in children.Aim. To determine the differential diagnostic value of the functional parameters of the capillary bed, respiratory tract, and autonomic nervous system in children with diseases accompanied by a prolonged cough (more than 4 weeks).Methods. 238 children aged from 2 to 17 years with prolonged cough were examined in inpatient or outpatient settings and divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (n = 68) - patients with acute or exacerbation of the chronic infectious upper respiratory tract diseases; Group 2 (n = 53) - patients with lower respiratory tract infection; Group 3 (n = 39) - patients with allergic rhinitis; Group 4 (n = 78) - patients with bronchial asthma. All patients underwent standard clinical examination. The diagnostic test also included functional assessment of microcirculation, autonomic nervous system, and respiratory system via computer capillaroscopy of the nail bed, evaluation of heart rate variability, and computer bronchophonography.Results. Patients with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, especially with asthma, show a change in all parts of the capillary bed and a significant increase in the zone of perivascular edema in combination with parasympathicotonia, in contrast to children with infectious diseases of the respiratory system, who showed a change in microcirculation parameters mainly in the venous capillaries in combination with sympathicotonia. In addition, children with prolonged coughing, regardless of its origin, showed functional changes in the high-frequency acoustic parameters of the respiratory system in the form of an increase in the coefficient of the high-frequency acoustic component of breathing (ф3), which indicates bronchial hyperreactivity.Conclusion. The functional parameters of the microvasculature, autonomic nervous system, and respiratory tract can be used as additional differential diagnostic criteria and included in algorithms for diagnosing respiratory diseases of various origins in childhood, contributing to the early detection of the pathology and timely targeted therapy.
Przygotowanie przyszłych nauczycieli do edukacji włączającej – wytyczne międzynarodowe i kierunki zmian
Authors: Zamkowska Anna 
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zmian, jakie zachodzą w obszarze przygotowania przyszłych nauczycieli do pracy w szkołach ogólnodostępnych z uczniami ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi. Omówiono kierunki zmian zawarte w najnowszych raportach międzynarodowych i w polskim modelu edukacji dla wszystkich. Nowe postulaty stanowią wyzwanie dla nauczycieli zgłaszających potrzebę dokształcania w tym zakresie. Zmian wymagają programy kształcenia przyszłych nauczycieli, tak by przygotowały ich do pracy ze zróżnicowaną grupą uczniów. Postuluje się by w przygotowaniu akademickim: 1) uwzględnić kompleksowe podejście do programu studiów, oparte na modelu biopsychospołecznym; 2) w ramach przedmiotów związanych z pedagogiką specjalną, prowadzonych przez nauczycieli akademickich z dorobkiem naukowym i doświadczeniem praktycznym z tego obszaru, wyposażyć przyszłych nauczycieli nie tylko w kompetencje związane z pracą ze zróżnicowaną grupą uczniów, ale także kompetencje poznawcze, obejmujące wiedzę o różnych rodzajach specjalnych potrzeb edukacyjnych oraz kompetencje realizacyjne związane z praktycznymi umiejętnościami pracy z uczniem z danym rodzajem specjalnych potrzeb.
SEÇİMLERİN SERBESTLİĞİ İLKESİ BAĞLAMINDA MEKTUPLA OY KULLANIMI
Authors: SEZER İbrahim Ethem 
Published: December 2021

Tüm dünyada yaşanan Covid-19 salgın hastalığı, gündelik hayatta
maske takma zorunluluğu, mesafeli sosyal hayat, uzaktan eğitim ve
selamlaşma gibi önemli etkiler doğurmuştur. Salgın hastalık dönemine
denk gelebilecek bir seçimde, hastalığın seçmen davranışları üzerinde de
etkileri olacağı kuşkusuzdur. Hastalığın kapalı ortamlarda ve insandan
insana solunum yoluyla daha hızlı yayılabilmesi dikkate alındığında,
salgın hastalık, seçmenlerin oy verme isteklerini azaltabilecektir. Bu durum
ise temsilde adalet ve yönetimde istikrar ilkelerinin işlerlik kazanmasına
engel olacaktır. Bahsi geçen olumsuz neticelerin önüne geçilebilmesi için
uzaktan mektupla oy kullanma yönteminin faydaları bulunmaktadır.
Mektupla oy kullanma yönteminin seçim güvenliği bakımından
riskler taşıdığı da bir gerçektir. Anayasa Mahkemesi mektupla oy
kullanma yöntemini seçimlerin serbestliği ve gizliliği ilkesine aykırı
bulmuştur. Bununla birlikte salgın dönemine denk gelen bir seçimde
temsilde adalet ve yönetimde istikrar ilkelerinin sağlanabilmesi için
yeni bir yasal düzenleme ile bir B planı olarak mektupla oy kullanma
yönteminin düzenlenmesi mümkündür. Yasal düzenleme yapılırken
ise seçim güvenliğini temin edebilecek asgari yasal güvencelerin
öngörülmesi gerekir.
O EKSPLETIVNOJ NEGACIJI U FRANCUSKOM, ITALIJANSKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU
Authors: Seder Ružica 
Published: December 2021

Ekspletivno (pleonastično) ne osobenost je ne samo romanskih, već i velikog broja jezika različitih jezičkih jezičkih grupa. S obzirom na to da smo se u nekim ranijim izučavanjima bavili ovom pojavom u okviru kompletivne rečenice u francuskom i srpskom jeziku, u ovom radu postavili smo dva cilja: sagledavanje upotrebe ekspletivne negacije kako u kompletivnim, tako i u ostalim zavisnim rečenicama u francuskom jeziku i sintaksičkih uslova pod kojima se ona realizuje, te poređenje dobijenih rezultata sa ekvivalentnim rečenicama u italijanskom i srpskom jeziku.
ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF TIN–ZINC ALLOY FROM CITRATE–AMMONIA ELECTROLYTE
Authors: Deribo Svitlana Hermanivna , Leshchenko Serhii Anatoliiovych , Gomozov Valrii Pavlovych , Kovalenko Yuliia Ivanivna 
Published: December 2021

The cathodic processes of electrochemical deposition of a tin–zinc alloy in citrate–ammonia electrolytes have been investigated. The content of the main components of the investigated electrolyte (g/dm3): SnCl2·2H2O – 44, ZnO – 4, NH4Cl – 100, Na3C6H5O7 – 100. Wood glue (1.5 g/dm3) and neonol (4 ml/dm3) were added to the electrolyte as surfactants. It was found that high–quality coatings are deposited without heating and stirring only in the pH range from 6,0 to 7,0. The addition of these substances to the electrolyte is predicted to lead to inhibition of the reduction of metals, an improvement in the crystal structure of the deposit, but decreases the cathodic current efficiency. Hull cell studies showed that an electrolyte containing neonol as a surfactant showed better throwing power compared to other solutions. The dependence of the current efficiency of the alloy on the cathode current density showed that in the range of current densities from 0.5 A/dm2 to 4 A/dm2, the current efficiency decreases nonlinearly from 82 % to 52 %. The experimentally obtained dependence of the zinc content in the alloy on the cathodic current density showed the possibility of obtaining alloys with a zinc content of 8 % to 33 %. The obtained results allowed us to determine that for the deposition of an alloy with a zinc content of 20–25 %, which provides the best anti–corrosion properties of the coating, it is necessary to carry out the process at a cathodic current density of 1,5–2,0 A/dm2, while the current efficiency is about 70 %, and the deposition rate alloy is 0,44–0,54 μm/min. The received coatings have a semi–bright appearance, a fine–grained structure, light gray color, they are strongly adhered to the substrate.
Integration of Geoscience and Engineering Concepts to Account for Natural Fractures in Fluid Flow within Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Kurison Clay , Hakami Ahmed M. , Kuleli Sadi H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Unconventional shale reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Natural fractures are known to be present and considered a critical factor for the enhanced post-stimulation productivity. Accounting for natural fractures with existing techniques has not been widely adopted owing to their complexity or lack of validation. Ongoing research efforts are striving to understand how natural fractures can be accounted for and accurately modeled in fluid flow of the subject reservoirs. This study utilized Eagle Ford well data comprising reservoir properties, stimulation metrics, production, microseismicity and permeability measurements from a core plug. The methodology comprised use of production data to extract a linear flow regime parameter. This was coupled with fracture geometry, predicted from hydraulic fracture modeling and microseismicity, to estimate the system permeability. From interpreting microseismic events as slips on critically stressed natural fractures, explicit modeling incorporating a discrete fracture network (DFN) assumed activated natural fractures supplement conductive reservoir contact area. Thus, allowed the estimation of matrix permeability. For validation, the aforementioned was compared with core plug permeability measurements. Results from modeling of planar hydraulic fractures, with microseismicity as validation, predicted planar fracture geometry which when coupled with the linear flow parameter resulted in a system permeability. Incorporation of DFNs to account for activated natural fractures yielded matrix permeability in picodarcy range. A review of laboratory permeability measurements exhibited stress dependence with the value at the maximum experimental confining pressure of 4000 psi in the same range as the computed system permeability. However, the confining pressures used in the experiments were less than the in situ effective stress. Correction for representative stress yielded an ultra-low matrix permeability in the same range as the DFN-based picodarcy matrix permeability. Thus, supporting the adopted drainage architecture and often suggested role of natural fractures in shale reservoir fluid flow. This study presents a multi-discipline workflow to account for natural fractures, and contributes to understanding that will improve laboratory petrophysics and the overall reservoir characterization of the subject reservoirs. Given that the Eagle Ford is an analogue of emerging shales elsewhere, results from this study can be widely adopted.
Green Chemistry: Air-Triggered Catalyst- and Oxidant-Free Decarboxylative Oxysulfonylation of Arylpropiolic Acids With Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Chang Xiaoqiang , Zhang Shuaichen , Lu Sixian , Yang Lan , Sun Peng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The exploration of novel green synthetic strategies to obtain useful organic molecules is one of the most important missions for sustainable development. Herein, an efficient and sustainable decarboxylative oxysulfonylation between arylpropiolic acids and sodium sulfinates has been established, providing a broad scope of β-ketosulfones in excellent yields. The reactions proceed at room temperature employing air as the only oxidant and oxygen source without extra catalyst, oxidant, and additive. Additionally, the reaction is scalable, and the products have been easily isolated by simple recrystallization, avoiding the chromatographic purification. Mechanistic studies have also been conducted to reveal that the reaction proceed via a radical mechanism.
Relationship Between Occupational Noise and Hypertension in Modern Enterprise Workers: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Lan Yueyan , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Chaoxiu , Zhou Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective

Many epidemiological studies have reported an association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension among workers, but have failed to obtain conclusive results. Thus we aimed to assess whether there is a relationship between hypertension and occupational noise.
Methods

This study adopted a case–control design to verified the relationship of occupational noise and hypertension. This study included 1527 subjects (case group, 509 individuals; control group, 1018 individuals) from a modern automobile manufacturing company. The information includes the general characteristics, occupational factors, and data collected from physical examination, hematology and serology testing. Two-sample t-tests, The Chi-square test, the Ridit analysis method were used for comparing variables. A non-conditional logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis based on single factor analysis.
Results

Toxin exposure was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension in workers who were exposed to noise in modern enterprises (OR=3.45).Heart rate was significantly different between the case and control groups (OR=5.98). Occupational noise exposure is a risk factor for hypertension, and the risk of hypertension for people exposed to noise intensity ≥80 dB is 2.23 times (95% CI 1.62–3.06) higher than that for people exposed to noise intensity <80 dB.
Conclusions

Occupational noise exposure is an independent risk factor for hypertension. it can be used to direct the new criteria of noise exposure limit to protect worker’s health.
The Different Classification of Hospitals Impact on the Equity of Medical Outcomes of Patients in China
Authors: Li Lele , Du Tiantian , zeng siyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In the context of Healthy China Strategy, the traditional idea that large hospitals provide better medical care is still deeply rooted in people's minds. The characteristics of the medical inverted pyramid structure—higher-level medical institutions are overwhelmed, while lower-level medical institutions are deserted—have existed for a long time. Because of the unreasonable allocation of resources, it is difficult to meet the healthcare needs of citizens and to establish a tiered delivery system. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of different classification of hospitals (COH) on the equity of Medical Outcomes of patients.Methods: The data used was from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) enrolment records of Chengdu. We conducted a retrospective study and used Nested Multinomial Logit Model (NMNL) to estimate the effect of COH on the equity of Medical Outcomes.Results: COH had a significant effect on the equity of Medical Outcomes, but the effectiveness and direction of the hospital level on different outcomes were not consistent. The reimbursement rate, medical expenditures, gender, age, disease type and others factors were associated with the effect(p<0.01); length of stay has a limited effect on health outcomes. It was not the case that the longer the hospital stay was, the higher the quality of care would be. When COH was distinguished, there were significant differences in the effect of different levels of hospitals on the equity of Medical Outcomes. Horizontally speaking, hospitals of the same level had different effects on different the equity of Medical Outcomes(p<0.01). From a longitudinal perspective, different levels of hospitals had different effects on the equity of Medical Outcomes(p<0.01). It was not the case that the higher the level of hospital, the better the medical outcome. When hospital levels and disease types were distinguished, the effect of hospitals of different levels on the medical outcome of different disease types was significantly different.Conclusions: COH made a difference in the equity of Medical Outcomes. Hospitals of different levels should be reasonably selected according to disease types to achieve the optimal medical outcome. Therefore, China should promote the construction of a tiered delivery system.
Rapid Green synthesis of Nano SiO2 using Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf and evaluation of physicochemical quality attributes
Authors: Sankareswaran M , Sasivarnam M. , Anbukumaran A. , Rajiv P. , Dhanasekaran Sugapriya , Abomughaidv Mosleh Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study focused on determining the phytochemical analysis of the possible chemical groups present in leaves extract, green synthesis, its characterization, and applications. Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract was used to synthesized the Silica nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques such as UV-Visible absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, Zeta Potential Analysis and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. A UV-Visible spectrum of silica nanoparticles displayed an absorption peak at 280 nm, and FT-IR results highlighted the key bioactive compounds that could be responsible for capping and reduction of Silica nanoparticles. The XRD pattern analysis showed its crystalline nature and an average size is 24 nm. SEM analysis revealed that synthesized nanomaterials are spherical in shape. Silica nanoparticles showed excellent stability with negative zeta potential value (− 32 mV) and uniform dispersion in aqueous media. Moreover, the seed germination assay was carried out on Vigna radiata using the biogenic silica nanoparticles. The low concentration of silica nanoparticles was enhancing the seed germination. Meanwhile, the higher concentration of the silica nanoparticles decreased seed germination and shoot and root formation. Silica nanoparticles at optimum concentration could be used in the agriculture field as nano growth promoters.