bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Validated Risk Prediction Model for Breast Cancer in US Black Women
Authors: Palmer Julie R. , Zirpoli Gary , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Battaglia Tracy , Bernstein Leslie , Ambrosone Christine B. , Bandera Elisa V. , Troester Melissa A. , Rosenberg Lynn , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE Breast cancer risk prediction models are used to identify high-risk women for early detection, targeted interventions, and enrollment into prevention trials. We sought to develop and evaluate a risk prediction model for breast cancer in US Black women, suitable for use in primary care settings. METHODS Breast cancer relative risks and attributable risks were estimated using data from Black women in three US population-based case-control studies (3,468 breast cancer cases; 3,578 controls age 30-69 years) and combined with SEER age- and race-specific incidence rates, with incorporation of competing mortality, to develop an absolute risk model. The model was validated in prospective data among 51,798 participants of the Black Women's Health Study, including 1,515 who developed invasive breast cancer. A second risk prediction model was developed on the basis of estrogen receptor (ER)–specific relative risks and attributable risks. Model performance was assessed by calibration (expected/observed cases) and discriminatory accuracy (C-statistic). RESULTS The expected/observed ratio was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.07). Age-adjusted C-statistics were 0.58 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.59) overall and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.68) among women younger than 40 years. These measures were almost identical in the model based on estrogen receptor–specific relative risks and attributable risks. CONCLUSION Discriminatory accuracy of the new model was similar to that of the most frequently used questionnaire-based breast cancer risk prediction models in White women, suggesting that effective risk stratification for Black women is now possible. This model may be especially valuable for risk stratification of young Black women, who are below the ages at which breast cancer screening is typically begun.
Hyper power impulse magnetron – HyPIM – glow discharge
Authors: Morel E. , Rozier Y. , Minéa T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glow discharges are known to be limited for running at high currents (< 0.1 A · cm−2). Magnetically enhanced plasmas could overcome this limitation, typically for the magnetron operated in pulsed mode during a few 100μs. Hence, the current density could be increased by two decades, but it still stays below 10 A · cm−2. Here we report on a long (∼1 ms) pulsed operation of magnetrons, while preserving the glow mode, for current densities exceeding at least 3 times the highest current density reported for high power pulsed magnetrons. Even if the density of energy surpasses 7 J · cm−2, no arc transition was observed. Three target materials have been successfully tested: carbon (C), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) in helium atmosphere, from 5 to 30 Pa. Two key parameters are required to reach the Hyper Power Impulse Magnetron (HyPIM) glow mode: i) the accurate control of the maximum voltage during the pulse and ii) the use of the pre-ionization. Operating conditions of HyPIM will be presented and compared to other discharges.
Comparison of Afirma GEC and GSC to Nodules Without Molecular Testing in Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Polavarapu Preethi , Fingeret Abbey , Yuil-Valdes Ana , Olson Daniel , Patel Anery , Shivaswamy Vijay , Matthias Troy D , Goldner Whitney 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Analysis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) and Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC) can reduce surgical rate and increase malignancy rate of surgically resected indeterminate nodules.

Methods
Retrospective cohort analysis of all adults with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules from January 2013 through December 2019. We compared surgical and malignancy rates of those without molecular testing to those with GEC or GSC, analyzed test performance between GEC and GSC, and identified variables associated with molecular testing.

Results
468 indeterminate thyroid nodules were included. No molecular testing was performed in 273, 71 had GEC, and 124 had GSC testing. Surgical rate was 68% in the group without molecular testing, 59% in GEC, and 40% in GSC. Malignancy rate was 20% with no molecular testing, 22% in GEC, and 39% in GSC (P = 0.022). GEC benign call rate (BCR) was 46%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 61%; and positive predictive value (PPV), 28%. GSC BCR was 60%; sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 76%; and PPV, 41%. Those with no molecular testing had larger nodule size, preoperative growth of nodules, and constrictive symptoms and those who underwent surgery in the no molecular testing group had higher body mass index, constrictive symptoms, higher Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and Bethesda classifications. Type of provider was also associated with the decision to undergo surgery.

Conclusion
Implementation of GEC showed no effect on surgical or malignancy rate, but GSC resulted in significantly lower surgical and higher malignancy rates. This study provides insight into the factors that affect the real-world use of these molecular markers preoperatively in indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Living in the Skin of a Theory
Authors: Baldino Nat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This essay argues for an imaginative reading practice in which the “trans” and the “study” of transgender studies are shown as coconstitutive. Arguing that the problem of incommensurability leads transgender studies to spend more time on the signifier trans than on the study of transgender studies, this essay uses the intuitive, ambivalent, and nuanced methodology of Toni Cade Bambara's Salt Eaters to open up space for a trans study that is more capacious, yet still tethered to the experience of living in one's skin as not only content but also form. Ultimately, this essay wonders how transgender studies can learn to live in the skin of a theory, in all its contradiction and strange negotiations, using the same imagination we use to make sense of our own embodied selves.
Cell death-inducing cytotoxicity in truncated KCNQ4 variants associated with DFNA2 hearing loss
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Wasano Koichiro , Takahashi Satoe , Homma Kazuaki 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
KCNQ4 encodes the homotetrameric voltage-dependent potassium ion channel Kv7.4, and is the causative gene for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss, DFNA2. Dominant-negative inhibition accounts for the observed dominant inheritance of many DFNA2-associated KCNQ4 variants. In addition, haploinsufficiency has been presumed as the pathological mechanism for truncated Kv7.4 variants lacking the C-terminal tetramerization region, as they are unlikely to exert a dominant-negative inhibitory effect. Such truncated Kv7.4 variants should result in relatively mild hearing loss when heterozygous; however, this is not always the case. In this study, we characterized Kv7.4Q71fs (c.211delC), Kv7.4W242X (c.725G&gt;A) and Kv7.4A349fs (c.1044_1051del8) in heterologous expression systems and found that expression of these truncated Kv7.4 variants induced cell death. We also found similar cell death-inducing cytotoxic effects in truncated Kv7.1 (KCNQ1) variants, suggesting that the generality of our findings could account for the dominant inheritance of many, if not most, truncated Kv7 variants. Moreover, we found that the application of autophagy inducers can ameliorate the cytotoxicity, providing a novel insight for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for Kv7.4 variants.
Sexual Violence in Sport: Expanding Awareness and Knowledge for Sports Medicine Providers
Authors: Joy Elizabeth A. , Herring Stanley A. , Nelson Colin , Cohen Judith , Dugan Sheila A. , Flatt Rachael , Goldfarb Lee , Greinig Susan , Koontz Jennifer Scott , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Wagner Jessica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Athletes are vulnerable to sexual violence. Perpetrators of sexual violence may be a trusted coach, a member of the health care team, or a peer. The consequences of sexual violence are wide ranging, resulting in immediate and long-term physical and mental health outcomes that require recognition and comprehensive, multidisciplinary care. Sports medicine providers need to have specific knowledge and skill to care for athletes who experience sexual violence. Several sports organizations (e.g., International Olympic Committee, United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and the National Athletic Trainers' Association) have developed policies and procedures to prevent sexual violence and help sports medicine specialists provide care and services for athletes affected by sexual violence. Nevertheless, there remains a need for clinical guidelines, screening tools, and education, as well as clinical best practices to address sexual violence in sports medicine.
Antiglobalismo e Colonialidade: Uma Abordagem Decolonial Sobre a Política Externa Brasileira no Governo Bolsonaro l Antiglobalism and Coloniality: A Decolonial Approach on Brazilian Foreign Policy Under Bolsonaro Government
Authors: Monteagudo Rafael Souto 
Published: October 2021

Embora o Brasil tenha participado da chamada onda rosa na América Latina na primeira e em parte da segunda década dos anos 2000, o país passou a experimentar nos últimos anos um movimento crescente de agentes políticos ligados à Direita, que culminou na eleição de Jair Bolsonaro em 2018. A Política Externa do Governo Jair Bolsonaro apresenta algumas rupturas em relação à Política Externa Brasileira das últimas décadas, dentre elas um alinhamento automático aos Estados Unidos da América. Neste estudo, analisamos a forma como conceitos da teoria decolonial introduzidos por Aníbal Quijano e Walter Mignolo, como eurocentrismo e colonialidade do poder, podem auxiliar na compreensão do alinhamento automático com os Estados Unidos observado no Governo Bolsonaro.Palavras-Chave: Política Externa Brasileira; Governo Bolsonaro; Teoria Decolonial.ABSTRACTAlthough Brazil participated in the so-called pink wave, in Latin America, during the first and part of the second decade of the 2000s, the country has experienced, in the last years, a growing movement of political agents linked to the Right-Wing, which culminated in the Jair Bolsonaro´s election in 2018. The Foreign Policy of Jair Bolsonaro Government presents some ruptures in relation to the Brazilian Foreign Policy of the last decades, among them an automatic alignment to United States of America. In this study, we analyze how concepts of decolonial theory introduced by Aníbal Quijano and Walter Mignolo, such as Eurocentrism and coloniality of power, can help to understanding the automatic alignment to United States observed in Bolsonaro Government.Keywords: Foreign Policy; Bolsonaro Government; Decolonial Theory. Recebido em: 03/04/2021 | Aceito em: 05/07/2021.
High precision measurement for the chamfered hole radius and spacing of a large-size workpiece based on binocular vision combined with plane dynamic adjustment
Authors: Huang Junhui , Qi Miaowei , Wang Zhao , Xing Chao , Gao Jianmin 
Published: October 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, hole radius and spacing measurement method is presented based on binocular vision combined with dynamic local plane for the large-size workpiece with plane feature. The novel method overcomes the problem of the ariable working distance and large location error of an abrupt edge for conventional methods. Its measurement principle and model are introduced. Then, a chamfered inner edge extraction method based on the shrinkage of an elliptical band and an adaptive weight optimal calculation based on redundant measurement data are presented to improve the measurement accuracy. Experiments are carried out to validate the presented method, and a high measurement accuracy with a standard deviation of 0.017 mm in the hole radius and 0.021 mm in hole spacing have eventually been achieved for the actual measurement workpieces, respectively. Compared with the common method, the measurement accuracy is improved by at least 77% and 53% in radius and spacing, respectively.
Reconfigurable and dual-polarization Bragg grating filter with phase change materials
Authors: Wang Yanqun , Zhang Jieying , Jin Huimin , Xu Peipeng 
Published: October 2021

Fully reconfigurable optical filters are indispensable building blocks to realize reconfigurable photonic networks/systems. This paper proposes a reconfigurable and dual-polarization optical filter based on a subwavelength grating waveguide operating in the Bragg reflection mechanism and combined with a low-loss phase change material

G
e

2

S
b

2

S
e

4

T
e

1

. Numerical simulations indicate that, for TE(TM) polarization, the presented Bragg grating filter offers up to 20 nm (17 nm) redshift with amplitude modulation of 6 dB (0.15 dB) at 1550 nm. Using the effective medium theory, we obtained the six-level crystallization performance of the optical filter. The proposed optical filter has potential applications in wavelength-division-multiplexing systems, optical signal processing, and optical communications.
Optically formed rubbery waveguide interconnects
Authors: Violakis Georgios , Bogris Athanasios , Pispas Stergios , Fytas George , Loppinet Benoit , Pissadakis Stavros 
Published: October 2021

Light induced self-written waveguides (LISWs) with unique elongation characteristics and low optical loss are formed in a monodispersed polyisoprene solution using a low-power laser photopolymerization process, while their light transmission characteristics are exemplified in the flexible interconnection of two single-mode optical fibers operating in the visible/near infrared wavelengths. The LISWs formed exhibit rubbery properties, allowing extensibilities upon cases from 400% to 800%, while still retaining significant optical transmission. The rubber elasticity enables sustaining LISWs at stressed lengths longer than 500 µm propagation losses from 1.0 to 2.9 dB/mm.
Reducing temporal pedestal in a Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification system by using a stretcher based on two concave mirrors
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Zhang Hui , Li Jinfeng , Leng Yuxin 
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the temporal pedestal suppression in a Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification laser system. The far-field spectral phase noise can be avoided by using a stretcher based on two concave mirrors in the system, reducing the intensity and the time range of the amplified pulse’s pedestal. At the amplified energy of 1.7 J, the contrast measurement showed that the pedestal intensity was at a level of about

1

0

−
10

within a 10 ps time window near the main pulse. In the proton acceleration experiment, a 10 nm thickness CH target was irradiated by the high-contrast pulse with the focused intensity of

∼

1.4

×

1

0

20

W

/

c
m

2

, which generated a proton beam with a cutoff energy of 16 MeV.
Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model
Authors: Amare Hiwot Hailu , Lindtjorn Bernt 
Published: October 2021

Background
Skin problems cause significant sickness in communities with poor living conditions, but they have received less attention in national or global health studies because of their low mortality rates. In many developing regions, the prevalence of parasitic skin diseases among schoolchildren is not reported. Previous studies thus have attempted to identify risk factors for these conditions using the frequentist approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and risk factors of skin infections among rural schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia by combining a frequentist and a Bayesian approach.

Methodology/Principal findings
Using three-stage random sampling, we assessed 864 schoolchildren aged 7–14 years from the Wonago district in southern Ethiopia. We detected potential risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections and recorded their hygienic practices and socio-demographic information. The frequentist model revealed a clustering effect of 8.8% at the classroom level and an insignificant effect at the school level. The Bayesian model revealed a clustering effect of 16% at the classroom level and 5.3% at the school level. Almost three-fourths of the sample had at least one type of skin problem, and boys were at higher overall risk than girls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55 [95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 1.01, 2.28). Risk factors included unclean fingernails (aOR 1.85 [95% BCI 1.08, 2.97]); not washing the body (aOR 1.90 [95% BCI 1.21, 2.85]) and hair (aOR 3.07 [95% BCI 1.98, 4.57]) with soap every week; sharing a bed (aOR 1.97 [95% BCI 1.27, 2.89]), clothes (aOR 5.65 [95% BCI 3.31, 9.21]), or combs (aOR 3.65 [95% BCI 2.28, 5.53]); and living in a poor household (aOR 1.76 [95% BCI 1.03, 2.83]). Washing legs and feet with soap daily was identified as a protective factor for each of the three skin diseases (aOR 0.23 [95% BCI 0.15, 0.33]).

Conclusions/Significance
We observed high variation in skin problems at the classroom level, indicating the presence of shared risk factors in these locations. The findings suggest the need to improve children’s personal hygiene via health education by schoolteachers and health workers.
Murine Type III interferons are functionally redundant and correlate with bacterial burden during influenza/bacterial super-infection
Authors: Rich Helen E. , Antos Danielle , McCourt Collin C. , Zheng Wen Quan , Devito Louis J. , McHugh Kevin J. , Gopal Radha , Wang Jieru , Alcorn John F. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Type III interferon, or interferon lambda (IFNλ) is a crucial antiviral cytokine induced by influenza infection. While IFNλ is important for anti-viral host defense, published data demonstrate that IFNλ is pathogenic during influenza/bacterial super-infection. It is known that polymorphisms in specific IFNλ genes affect influenza responses, but the effect of IFNλ subtypes on bacterial super-infection is unknown.

Methods
Using an established model of influenza, Staphylococcus aureus super-infection, we studied IFNλ3-/- and control mice to model a physiologically relevant reduction in IFNλ and to address its role in super-infection.

Results
Surprisingly, IFNλ3-/- mice did not have significantly lower total IFNλ than co-housed controls, and displayed no change in viral or bacterial clearance. Importantly, both control and IFNλ3-/- mice displayed a positive correlation between viral burden and total IFNλ in the bronchoalveolar lavage during influenza/bacterial super-infection, suggesting that higher influenza viral burden drives a similar total IFNλ response regardless of IFNλ3 gene integrity. Interestingly, total IFNλ levels positively correlated with bacterial burden, while viral burden and bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity did not.

Conclusions
These data suggest IFNλ2 can compensate for IFNλ3 to mount an effective antiviral and defense, revealing a functional redundancy in these highly similar IFNλ subtypes. Further, the IFNλ response to influenza, as opposed to changes in cellular inflammation or viral load, significantly correlates with susceptibility to bacterial super-infection. Moreover, the IFNλ response is regulated and involves redundant subtypes, suggesting it is of high importance to pulmonary pathogen defense.
Androgen deprivation therapy and excess mortality in men with prostate cancer during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gedeborg Rolf , Styrke Johan , Loeb Stacy , Garmo Hans , Stattin Pär 
Published: October 2021

Background
Men have a higher risk of death from COVID-19 than women and androgens facilitate entrance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into respiratory epithelial cells. Thus, androgen deprivation therapy may reduce infection rates and improve outcomes for COVID-19. In the spring of 2020, Sweden was highly affected by COVID-19. The aim was to estimate the impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality from COVID-19 in men with prevalent prostate cancer by comparing all-cause mortality in the spring of 2020 to that in previous years.

Patients and methods
Using the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden all men with prostate cancer on March 1 each year in 2015–2020 were followed until June 30 the same year. Exposure to androgen deprivation therapy was ascertained from filled prescriptions for bicalutamide monotherapy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH), or bilateral orchidectomy.

Results
A total of 9,822 men died in March-June in the years 2015–2020, of whom 5,034 men were on androgen deprivation therapy. There was an excess mortality in 2020 vs previous years in all men. The crude relative mortality rate ratio for 2020 vs 2015–2019 was 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 1.04) in men on GnRH, and 0.90 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.05) in men on bicalutamide monotherapy. After multivariable adjustment these ratios were attenuated to 1.00 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.12) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.12), respectively. When restricting the analysis to the regions with the highest incidence of COVID-19 or to the time period between 2 April to 10 June when mortality in 2020 was increased >30% compared to previous years, the results were similar to the main analysis.

Conclusions
In this large national population-based cohort of men with prevalent prostate cancer, there was no clear evidence in support for an effect of androgen deprivation therapy on COVID-19 mortality.
Reduced turnaround times through multi-sectoral community collaboration during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 and associated effect on patient care and hospital operations
Authors: Christofferson Rebecca C. , O’Neal Hollis R. , Jagneaux Tonya , O’Neal Catherine , Walsh Christine S. , Mayton E. Handly , Vu Luan D. , Fish Abigail I. , Phan Anh , Stoufflet Thaya E. , Schroeder Jonathan R. , Walker Morgan , Turner Erik A. , Pierce Christi , Wester K. Scott , DeLeo Connie , Tenreiro Edgardo , Ogden Beverly , Cormier Stephania A. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIn March 2020, an influx of admissions in COVID-19 positive patients threatened to overwhelm healthcare facilities in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Exacerbating this problem was an overall shortage of diagnostic testing capability at that time, resulting in a delay in time-to-result return. An improvement in diagnostic testing availability and timeliness was necessary to improve the allocation of resources and ultimate throughput of patients. The management of a COVID-19 positive patient or patient under investigation requires infection control measures that can quickly consume personal protective equipment (PPE) stores and personnel available to treat these patients. Critical shortages of both PPE and personnel also negatively impact care in patients admitted with non-COVID-19 illnesses.MethodsA multisectoral partnership of healthcare providers, facilities and academicians created a molecular diagnostic lab within an academic research facility dedicated to testing inpatients and healthcare personnel for SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of the laboratory was to provide a temporary solution to the East Baton Rouge Parish healthcare community until individual facilities were self-sustaining in testing capabilities. We describe the partnership and the impacts of this endeavor by developing a model derived from a combination of data sources, including electronic health records, hospital operations, and state and local resources.FindingsOur model demonstrates two important principles: the impact of reduced turnaround times (TAT) on potential differences in inpatient population numbers for COVID-19 and savings in PPE attributed to the more rapid TAT.