bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of complex body waves—III
Authors: Kikuchi Masayuki , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We have developed a method that inverts seismic body waves to determine the mechanism and rupture pattern of earthquakes. The rupture pattern is represented as a sequence of subevents distributed on the fault plane. This method is an extension of our earlier method in which the subevent mechanisms were fixed. In the new method, the subevent mechanisms are determined from the data and are allowed to vary during the sequence. When subevent mechanisms are allowed to vary, however, the inversion often becomes unstable because of the complex trade-offs between the mechanism, the timing, and the location of the subevents. Many different subevent sequences can explain the same data equally well, and it is important to determine the range of allowable solutions. Some constraints must be imposed on the solution to stabilize the inversion. We have developed a procedure to explore the range of allowable solutions and appropriate constraints. In this procedure, a network of grid points is constructed on the τ - I plane, where τ and I are, respectively, the onset time and the distance from the epicenter of a subevent; the best-fit subevent is determined at all grid points. Then the correlation is computed between the synthetic waveform for each subevent and the observed waveform. The correlation as a function of τ and I and the best-fit mechanisms computed at each τ - I grid point depict the character of allowable solutions and facilitate a decision on the appropriate constraints to be imposed on the solution. The method is illustrated using the data for the 1976 Guatemala earthquake.
A three-component borehole seismometer for earthquake seismology
Authors: Liu Hsi-Ping , Warrick Richard E. , Westerlund Robert E. , Fletcher Jon B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have developed a three-component borehole seismometer, using 2-Hz electromagnetic moving-coil geophones as sensing elements. The main achievement of our new borehole package is a compact internal device for leveling horizontal geophones. Horizontal moving-coil geophones with a period longer than 0.5 sec need to be leveled to better than 1.5° to avoid nonlinear response and asymmetric clipping. In boreholes, where the axis of the package may well deviate from the vertical by more than 1.5°, a special device is required for leveling the horizontal geophones. A gimbal stage was adapted from the design of ocean-bottom seismometers for leveling the two orthogonally oriented horizontal geophones: the geophones can be leveled to better than 0.1° from an initial tilt of 10.5°. The external package is 14 cm in diameter and approximately 40 cm long. The gimbal stage uses free-flex flexural pivots and, during the leveling operation, suspends a brass pendulum that houses the horizontal sensors. In comparison with borehole seismometers that use electronic-feedback principles, the disadvantages of our system are a lack of response at long periods and, because of coil contacting stops, its inability to record strong motions. Nonetheless, it has an inherently low noise level, consumes no power, is simple to build, and is inexpensive; it is therefore suitable for rapid deployment for aftershock studies and for low-noise operation at remote sites. Such seismometers, using Mark Products L-22D 2-Hz geophones, have been installed at several sites in California: at the bottom of adjacent boreholes ∼ 150 and ∼ 300 m deep, in granite at station KNW near Keenwild and at Piñon Flat of the Anza digital seismic array, and at the bottom of an 88-m-deep borehole in hydrothermally altered serpentine in the Marina District of San Francisco. The effects of cable impedance on the geophone output have been analyzed and found to be negligible for a cable length of 335 m consisting of four pairs of shielded #20 gauge wires. Azimuthal orientation of horizontal geophones can be determined using first P-arrival particle motion generated by regional earthquakes. Earthquake data recorded by these borehole seismometers have been employed by several investigators for studies on the effects of near-surface weathered rocks on the corner frequencies of earthquake spectra near Anza, California, on the seismic-shear-wave-polarization characteristics of seismograms recorded in the southern California batholith at 300 m depth, and on site-resonance amplification caused by sedimentary deposits overlying bedrock in the Marina District of San Francisco.
The role of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid for distinguishing between cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma
Authors: Harjanto Budi , Suhatno Suhatno 
Published: September 2021

HIGHLIGHTS1. Determining primary tumor between uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial carcinoma is often complicated due to the lack of specimen or overlapped histological and morphological spectrum.2. The distinction between endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma preoperatively is important because the treatment is different.3. The samples from each group are tested for HPV DNA using PCR method.4. High risk HPV infected patients have a higher probability to become uterine cervical adenocarcinoma.5. HPV DNA test has a role for distinguishing between uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial carcinoma. ABSTRACTObjectives: To analyze the role of HPV DNA for distinguishing between uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma.Materials and Methods: This was a case control study using paraffin block samples from uterine cervix adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma operation at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Each group was tested for HPV DNA using PCR method. Sample size was 18 in each group.Results: A total of 36 samples fulfilled the inclusion criteria in this study. Each group comprised 18 samples. There were 83.3% of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and 11.1% of endometrial adenocarcinoma that revealed high risk HPV. Chi-Square test result found significant correlation between high risk HPV and uterine cervical adenocarcinoma (p<0.05) with Odds Ratio (OR) 40.00 (CI 95%).Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between high risk HPV and uterine cervix adenocarcinoma. High-risk HPV infected patients had a risk to suffer from uterine cervical adenocarcinoma compared to those with endometrial adenocarcinoma. HPV DNA test had a role for distinguishing between uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Examination and counseling of gynecological cases during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Winata I Gde Sastra , Amanda Clara 
Published: September 2021

HIGHLIGHTS1. Clinical gynecology examinations must adapt to pandemic situation.2. It must pay attention to universal precautions, aseptic and sterile technique to minimize infection transmission.3. In terms of reducing contact, the need for examination are divided by priority into "now", "soon", or "later".4. Gynecology examinations can be carried out with direct examinations by medical personnel wearing proper personal protective equipment if needed.5. Patient counseling can be done by remote consultation or telemedicine. ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a recent pandemic caused by the SARS COV-2 agent with a high incidence and mortality. The disease is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact. Clinically this COVID-19 patient is mainly related to the respiratory tract symptoms. The current clinical classifications are divided into suspected, probable, and confirmed cases. To reduce transmission must pay attention to universal and hierarchical precaution, aseptic standards, and sterile techniques. The types of gynecological examinations during a pandemic are the same as those in general, except that the methods, settings, and priorities are different. The examination begins with screening to assess the risk of transmission so that it can determine the place of examination. The urgency of the examination, history of TOCC, local transmission, provider, and room conditions also need to be considered. Counseling during a pandemic can be done in person or by telemedicine. Counseling is provided for general and case-specific gynecological information. Each gynecological case requires a different focus on counseling.
Review: Sintesis Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) dari Bahan Terbarukan untuk Komposit Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline
Authors: Jan'ah Ayu Miftachul , Saraswati Teguh Endah 
Published: September 2021

<p>Artikel ini berisi tentang sintesis <em>carbon nanotubes</em> (CNT) dari material tanaman sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan kimia dan pemanfaatan bahan terbarukan. CNT telah berhasil disintesis dari prekursor tanaman seperti cangkang sawit, minyak sawit, bambu, kayu karet, jerami padi, batok kelapa, serat kelapa dan minyak kelapa. Sifat unik dari CNT menyebabkan penelitiannya terus dilakukan dan banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai aplikasi salah satunya material komposit. CNT yang telah disintesis dapat dikompositkan dengan <em>polyaniline</em> (PANI) untuk memperoleh konduktivitas, sifat optik, dan kekuatan mekanik yang lebih unggul. </p><p><strong><em>Review: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) from Renewable Materials for Carbon Nanotube-Polyaniline Composites. </em></strong>This article contains the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) from plant materials in an effort to reduce the use of chemicals and the use of renewable materials. CNT has been successfully synthesized from plant precursors such as palm kernel shells, palm oil, bamboo, rubberwood, rice straw, coconut shells, coconut fiber, and coconut oil. The unique properties of CNT have led to continuous research and many applications in various applications, one of which is composite materials. The synthesized CNTs can be composite with polyaniline (PANI) to obtain superior conductivity, optical properties, and mechanical strength.</p>
Pembuatan Kompos Sampah Dapur dan Taman dengan Bantuan Aktivator EM4
Authors: Hastuti Sri , Martini Tri , Purnawan Candra , Masykur Abu , Wibowo Atmanto Heru 
Published: September 2021

<p>Pembuatan kompos dari sampah dapur dan taman dengan bantuan <em>effective microorganism</em> (EM4) dan <em>microorganism local</em> (MOL) telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memanfaatkan sampah yang ada di sekitar untuk dijadikan barang yang lebih berguna. EM4 merupakan kultur campuran dari mikroorganisme yang menguntungkan yang mengandung mikroorganisme fermentasi dan sintetik yang terdiri dari bakteri Asam Laktat (<em>Lactobacillus Sp</em>), bakteri Fotosentetik (<em>Rhodopseudomonas Sp</em>), <em>Actinomycetes Sp</em>, <em>Streptomyces Sp</em> dan Yeast (ragi) dan Jamur pengurai selulose. Bahan ini membantu fermentasi bahan organik tanah menjadi senyawa organik yang mudah diserap oleh akar tanaman. Proses pembuatan kompos dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah dapur dan taman dengan penambahan EM4. Proses fermentasi dilakukan variasi waktu 10, 14, 21, 26 dan 32 hari. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama fermentasi kompos yang dihasilkan semakin baik dimana daun telah hancur berubah bentuk seperti tanah.</p><p><strong><em>Kitchen and Garden Waste Composting using EM4 Activator. </em></strong><em>Composting of kitchen and garden waste with the help of effective microorganisms (EM4) and microorganism local (MOL) has been carried out. The purpose of this activity is to use the waste to become more useful items. EM4 is a mixed culture of beneficial microorganisms. This material contains microorganisms consisting of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus Sp), photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas Sp), Actinomycetes Sp, Streptomyces Sp, and yeast, and cellulose-decomposing fungi. This activator helps break down soil organic matter into organic compounds that are easily absorbed by plant roots. The composting was done by mixing kitchen and garden waste with the addition of EM4 and MOL. The fermentation process was carried out in variations of 10, 14, 21, 26, and 32 days. The results showed that the longer the fermentation time the better the compost was produced indicating by the leaves had crumbled into shape like the soil.</em></p>
Penguraian Limbah Tahu Menggunakan Bakteri dan Plasma Ozonasi
Authors: Zuhaela Intan Ayu , Cahyani Mutiara Regita , Saraswati Teguh Endah , Raharjo Sentot Budi , Pramono Edi , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Lestari Witri Wahyu , Widjonarko Dian Maruto 
Published: September 2021

<p>Limbah tahu merupakan zat yang berbahaya dan memiliki dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan apabila tanpa proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Permasalahan ini dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pengolahan limbah tahu menggunakan bakteri sebagai alternatif pembuatan pupuk organik dan <em>treatment</em> plasma ozonasi untuk mengurangi bau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan limbah tahu sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik, mengurangi bau busuk yang dihasilkan oleh limbah tahu sehingga aman dan mudah diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Pengolahan limbah tahu tersebut dilakukan dengan variasi metode menggunakan<em> </em>bakteri pengurai mikroorganisme efektif dimodifikasi dengan plasma ozonasi dan aerator, serta penambahan <em>antifoam.</em> Pengolahan limbah dengan plasma ozonasi didahului dengan penambahan antifoam. Hasilnya menunjukkan limbah dengan penambahan <em>antifoam</em> dan plasma ozonasi selama 15, 30 dan 60 menit memiliki karakteristik sangat bau dan keruh. Penambahan bakteri, molase dengan <em>treatment</em> tanpa dan dengan ozonasi selama 14 hari menunjukkan karakteristik yang agak berbeda dengan bau yang agak berkurang dengan sebelumnya tetapi masih sangat keruh. Penambahan EM<sub>4</sub> <em>treatment </em>plasma dikombinasi dengan plasma ozonasi memberikan karakteristik yang paling baik dengan bau dan kekeruhan yang jauh berkurang. </p><p><strong>Decomposition of Tofu Waste using Bacteria and Ozonation Plasma. </strong>Tofu waste is a dangerous substance and had a bad impact on the environment if without not be processed. This problem can be resolved by treating tofu waste using bacteria as an alternative for making organic fertilizers and treating plasma ozonation to reduce odor. The study aims to describe the tofu waste thus it can be used as organic fertilizer, reducing the bad smell produced by tofu waste which is safe and easy for the community to apply. The tofu waste treatment has been treated with a variety of methods using bacteria that decompose microorganisms effectively modified with ozonation plasma and aerators, as well as the addition of antifoam. The waste treatment with ozonated plasma has been processed by the addition of antifoam. The results showed that the waste with the addition of antifoam and ozonation plasma for 15, 30, and 60 minutes had a very odor and cloudy characteristics. The addition of bacteria, molasses treated without and with ozonation for 14 days showed that the tofu wastes have different characteristics with a slightly reduced odor but are still very cloudy. The addition of EM4 plasma treatment combined with ozonated plasma gave the best characteristics with significantly reduced odor and turbidity.</p>
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Menjadi Nata De Soya Melalui Proses Fermentasi
Authors: Marliyana Soerya Dewi , Fatrozi Syahrul , Inas Diana , Wibowo Fajar Rakhman , Firdaus Maulidan , Kusumaningsih Triana , Handayani Desi Suci , Suryanti Venty 
Published: September 2021

<p>Pabrik tahu merupakan industri kecil (rumah tangga) yang banyak dikerjakan oleh masyarakat dan pada umumnya jarang memiliki instalasi pengolahan limbah. Adanya keterbatasan dana, pabrik tahu tersebut lebih sering membuang limbahnya langsung ke sungai. Limbah tahu ini akan menimbulkan aroma yang kurang sedap sehingga mengganggu estetika dan kehidupan ekosistem sekitarnya. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan, dilakukan pengolahan limbah cair tahu menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat yaitu <em>Nata de Soya</em>. Proses pembuatan <em>Nata de Soya</em> melalui fermentasi. Sebanyak satu liter limbah cair tahu diendapkan dan difiltrasi, dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan media tumbuh bakteri <em>Acetobacter xylinum</em> dan difermentasi selama 14 hari. Produk yang terbentuk kemudian dicuci dan direndam selama 3 hari dengan penggantian air rendaman setiap hari. Proses fermetasi limbah cair tahu menghasilkan <em>Nata de soya</em> berbentuk gel, berwarna putih, mempunyai ketebalan 2 mm, kadar air 79,31% dan densitas sebesar 0,85. Pengolahan dalam penelitian ini yang terbukti berhasil mengubah limbah cair tahu menjadi <em>Nata de Soya</em> merupakan salah satu cara mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. </p><p><strong>Tofu Liquid Waste Processing Into Nata De Soya Through the Fermentation Process. </strong>Tofu factories are small (household) industries that are mostly done by the community and generally rarely have sewage treatment plants. Due to limited funds, these tofu factories often dispose of their waste directly into the river. This tofu waste will cause an unpleasant aroma that will disturb the aesthetics and life of the surrounding ecosystem. One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is to process tofu liquid waste into a more useful product, namely Nata de Soya. The process of making Nata de Soya can be done through fermentation. As much as one liter of tofu liquid waste was deposited and filtered following by making a growing medium for Acetobacter xylinum bacteria and was then fermented for 14 days. The product was then washed and soaked for 3 days with daily replacement of water immersion. The fermentation process of tofu wastewater produced Nata de soya as a white gel and having a thickness of 2 mm, a water content of 79.31%, and a density of 0.85. The treatment presented in this paper which successfully converted tofu wastewater into Nata de Soya is one way to reduce environmental pollution and to increase the economic value.</p><p> </p>
Petroleum Energy Engineering Education Reform: Flipping the Curriculum
Authors: Samuel Robello 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The syllabus getting outdated, classroom attendance getting less importance, fast advancements of technology and changing workforce, and demography require us to rethink and re-examine the core curricula being taught at petroleum schools. The changing landscape like clean energy and carbon neutral delivery are adding pressure to re-examine the subjects taught in the classroom so that the long-term sustainability is established. So, acquiring interdisciplinary skills is crucial with the reformed curricula.
The questions to be addressed include: "What is the fundamental problem in the present petroleum education?," "Is there any problem with the present theoretical framework?," "Is the petroleum education aligned with the latest developments such as edge devices, sensors, machine learning and artificial intelligence?," "Is there an academia-industry-regulatory agencies tighter participation?," and "What are the structural changes needed like rebranding as energy engineering?." The paper addresses these questions by proposing a new approach to petroleum engineering education by way of a changed energy engineering program, which involves fundamentals of engineering, sciences, and technologies that culminates in the development of experiential learning on cyber-physical systems.
Nurses’ Experiences and Expectations for Compassionate Leadership and Compassion in the Working Community - A Qualitative Study
Authors: Salminen-Tuomaala Mari Helena , Seppälä Satu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Nurses caring for critically ill patients need compassionate attention and support, especially during exceptional times, such as the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. The aim of this study was to provide a trustworthy description of nurses’ experiences and expectations for compassionate leadership and compassion at a central hospital in Finland.Methods The participants were 50 nurses in intensive care and emergency departments of a central hospital. An online survey tool with open questions was used to collect data on the meaning of compassion and experiences of compassion and compassionate leadership in the working community. Results The nurses reported a great variety of positive experiences of compassion in the working community, although the emphasis in this study seemed to be on the absence of compassion, especially as regards leadership. The nurses expected individual attention and genuine physical and psychological presence from their immediate supervisors.ConclusionsCompassion can be regarded as social capital, essential for nurses’ coping and wellbeing in clinical nursing characterized by constant changes and critical situations. Immediate supervisors have a crucial role in promoting a compassionate atmosphere. They can express compassion by being physically present and by fostering an open dialogue in the working community.
Improving the Optical Properties of Potassium Chloride Crystals by Doping Diamond Nanoparticles
Authors: Dehghanpour Hamid Reza , Shabani Mahsa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the growth and characterization of potassium chloride crystals containing diamond nanoparticles has been performed. The crystals were grown by the Czochralski method and the doped samples contained 0.5, 1 and 1.5% impurities of diamond nanoparticles. The crystals were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etching and thermoluminesence (TL). The XRD analysis shows the most of the nanodiamonds are still in single crystal form. FTIR demonstrates the composed crystals are transparent in IR range (transmission ~ 87%). The etching analysis reveals a crystal dislocation in order of 105 for the samples. Examination of thermoluminescence properties of crystals by gamma irradiation with doses of 10, 80 and 300 Gy showed that the sample with 0.5% doped ND had the best glow curve, but for the dose of 1000 Gy, the sample with 1% doped had the best curve.
Modeling the Electronic Properties for CNT Interacted with ZnO, CuO and Co3O4
Authors: Taha Walaa M. , Morsy Mohamed , Nada Nadra A. , IBRAHIM Medhat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Because of the wide applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magic properties of metal oxides, Hartree-Fock (HF)/STO-3G quantum mechanical calculations were applied to study the electronic properties of CNTs and its interaction with ZnO, CuO and Co3O4. Calculations were conducted to calculate HOMO/LUMO band gap energy ∆E, moleculare electrostatic potential (MESP) and total dipole moment (TDM) for CNTs, CNT-Zn-O, CNT-Cu-O, CNT-Co-O and CNT-O-Zn, CNT-O-Cu, CNT-O-Co following the two mechanism of interaction as adsorbed and complex state. The calculations show that the interaction of CNTs with metal oxides increases its reactivity where MESP indicated to more distribution charges and an increasing in the TDM value after interaction of CNTs with metal oxides. Where, the interaction of CNT-Co-O as adsorbed state has the highest TDM with lowest band gap ∆E which confirms that CNT-Co3O4 can be used in sensing devices.