bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
Authors: Schünemann Britta , Keller Judith , Rakoczy Hannes , Behne Tanya , Bräuer Juliane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen dogs interact with humans, they often show appropriate reactions to human intentional action. But it is unclear from these everyday observations whether the dogs simply respond to the action outcomes or whether they are able to discriminate between different categories of actions. Are dogs able to distinguish intentional human actions from unintentional ones, even when the action outcomes are the same? We tested dogs’ ability to discriminate these action categories by adapting the so-called “Unwilling vs. Unable” paradigm. This paradigm compares subjects’ reactions to intentional and unintentional human behaviour. All dogs received three conditions: In the unwilling-condition, an experimenter intentionally withheld a reward from them. In the two unable-conditions, she unintentionally withheld the reward, either because she was clumsy or because she was physically prevented from giving the reward to the dog. Dogs clearly distinguished in their spontaneous behaviour between unwilling- and unable-conditions. This indicates that dogs indeed distinguish intentional actions from unintentional behaviour. We critically discuss our findings with regard to dogs’ understanding of human intentional action.
Cholinergic modulation of sensory processing in awake mouse cortex
Authors: Jimenez-Martin Javier , Potapov Daniil , Potapov Kay , Knöpfel Thomas , Empson Ruth M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCholinergic modulation of brain activity is fundamental for awareness and conscious sensorimotor behaviours, but deciphering the timing and significance of acetylcholine actions for these behaviours is challenging. The widespread nature of cholinergic projections to the cortex means that new insights require access to specific neuronal populations, and on a time-scale that matches behaviourally relevant cholinergic actions. Here, we use fast, voltage imaging of L2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons exclusively expressing the genetically-encoded voltage indicator Butterfly 1.2, in awake, head-fixed mice, receiving sensory stimulation, whilst manipulating the cholinergic system. Altering muscarinic acetylcholine function re-shaped sensory-evoked fast depolarisation and subsequent slow hyperpolarisation of L2/3 pyramidal neurons. A consequence of this re-shaping was disrupted adaptation of the sensory-evoked responses, suggesting a critical role for acetylcholine during sensory discrimination behaviour. Our findings provide new insights into how the cortex processes sensory information and how loss of acetylcholine, for example in Alzheimer’s Disease, disrupts sensory behaviours.
Streamflow prediction using an integrated methodology based on convolutional neural network and long short-term memory networks
Authors: Ghimire Sujan , Yaseen Zaher Mundher , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Deo Ravinesh C. , Zhang Ji , Tao Xiaohui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStreamflow (Qflow) prediction is one of the essential steps for the reliable and robust water resources planning and management. It is highly vital for hydropower operation, agricultural planning, and flood control. In this study, the convolution neural network (CNN) and Long-Short-term Memory network (LSTM) are combined to make a new integrated model called CNN-LSTM to predict the hourly Qflow (short-term) at Brisbane River and Teewah Creek, Australia. The CNN layers were used to extract the features of Qflow time-series, while the LSTM networks use these features from CNN for Qflow time series prediction. The proposed CNN-LSTM model is benchmarked against the standalone model CNN, LSTM, and Deep Neural Network models and several conventional artificial intelligence (AI) models. Qflow prediction is conducted for different time intervals with the length of 1-Week, 2-Weeks, 4-Weeks, and 9-Months, respectively. With the help of different performance metrics and graphical analysis visualization, the experimental results reveal that with small residual error between the actual and predicted Qflow, the CNN-LSTM model outperforms all the benchmarked conventional AI models as well as ensemble models for all the time intervals. With 84% of Qflow prediction error below the range of 0.05 m3 s−1, CNN-LSTM demonstrates a better performance compared to 80% and 66% for LSTM and DNN, respectively. In summary, the results reveal that the proposed CNN-LSTM model based on the novel framework yields more accurate predictions. Thus, CNN-LSTM has significant practical value in Qflow prediction.
Contrasting structural complexity differentiate hunting strategy in an ambush apex predator
Authors: Říha Milan , Gjelland Karl Ø. , Děd Vilém , Eloranta Antti P. , Rabaneda-Bueno Ruben , Baktoft Henrik , Vejřík Lukáš , Vejříková Ivana , Draštík Vladislav , Šmejkal Marek , Holubová Michaela , Jůza Tomas , Rosten Carolyn , Sajdlová Zuzana , Økland Finn , Peterka Jiří 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStructural complexity is known to influence prey behaviour, mortality and population structure, but the effects on predators have received less attention. We tested whether contrasting structural complexity in two newly colonised lakes (low structural complexity lake—LSC; high structural complexity—HSC) was associated with contrasting behaviour in an aquatic apex predator, Northern pike (Esox lucius; hereafter pike) present in the lakes. Behaviour of pike was studied with whole-lake acoustic telemetry tracking, supplemented by stable isotope analysis of pike prey utilization and survey fishing data on the prey fish community. Pike displayed increased activity, space use, individual growth as well as behavioural differentiation and spent more time in open waters in the LSC lake. Despite observed differences between lakes, stable isotopes analyses indicated a high dependency on littoral food sources in both lakes. We concluded that pike in the HSC lake displayed a behaviour consistent with a prevalent ambush predation behaviour, whereas the higher activity and larger space use in the LSC lake indicated a transition to more active search behaviour. It could lead to increased prey encounter and cause better growth in the LSC lake. Our study demonstrated how differences in structural complexity mediated prominent changes in the foraging behaviour of an apex predator, which in turn may have effects on the prey community.
Gravity-driven hydromagnetic flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid with homogenous-heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Gul Taza , Khan Imran , Khan Arshad , Saeed Anwar , Ali Ishtiaq , Kumam Poom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis investigation describes the hydromagnetic flow of gravity-driven couple stress hybrid nanofluid past a heated plate. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to characterize the hybrid nanofluid. The heated plate is placed vertically with an application of homogenous-heterogeneous reactions to the assumed flow system. The homogeneous reaction governs by isothermal cubic autocatalytic kinetics while the heterogeneous reaction governs by the first order kinetics. For current study the couple stress hybrid nanofluid is presumed to be conducted electrically with impact of non-uniform magnetic effects. An appropriate set of dimensionless quantities has employed to governing equations and then has solved by homotopy analysis method. The influence of emerging parameters encountered in this work has discussed in detail with the help of graphs. In this study it has examined that, flow of fluid reduces with upsurge in magnetic parameter and volumetric concentrations, whereas thermal and concentration characteristics augment with increase in volumetric concentrations. Moreover, growth in Prandtl number leads to a reduction in thermal characteristics and growth in Schmidt number result a reduction in concentration profile. The impact of various emerging parameters has also studied numerically upon physical quantities. It has established that, with augmentation in values of buoyancy parameter there is a growth in the values of skin friction. A comparison has also carried out between current and established results with a fine agreement in both results.
Maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy: a translational research challenge for an important clinical scenario
Authors: Darmaun Dominique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In volume 135, issue 11 of Clinical Science, Alkhalefah et al. report that, in pregnant rats, repeated, cyclic fasting, mimicking the fasting experienced by observant Muslim pregnant women during Ramadan, alters placental amino acid transport and increases the incidence of low birth weight. Though Muslim women are exempt, many observe Ramadan: &gt;500 million fetuses worldwide may be exposed to Ramadan fasting in each generation, and low birth weight increases the risk of developing chronic disease in the future adult. Several mechanisms, including altered circadian rhythm, maternal stress, undernutrition or compensatory overeating at the breaking of fast, could, in theory, impact fetal growth during Ramadan. Limitations of the experimental model obviously prevent direct extrapolation to humans. Whether Ramadan fasting indeed affect fetal growth therefore remains unclear, as there is no clear-cut evidence from epidemiological studies. The paper illustrates the need to design further case-controlled studies in large cohorts of women who fasted at various stages of pregnancy, compared to appropriately matched women who did not fast, as well as more experimental studies focused on this issue of public health relevance.
Stock market prediction using deep learning algorithms
Authors: Mukherjee Somenath , Sadhukhan Bikash , Sarkar Nairita , Roy Debajyoti , De Soumil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Stock Market is one of the most active research areas, and predicting its nature is an epic necessity nowadays. Predicting the Stock Market is quite challenging, and it requires intensive study of the pattern of data. Specific statistical models and artificially intelligent algorithms are needed to meet this challenge and arrive at an appropriate solution. Various machine learning and deep learning algorithms can make a firm prediction with minimised error possibilities. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) or Deep Feed‐forward Neural Network and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are the two network models that have been used extensively to predict the stock market prices. The models have been used to predict upcoming days' data values from the last few days' data values. This process keeps on repeating recursively as long as the dataset is valid. An endeavour has been taken to optimise this prediction using deep learning, and it has given substantial results. The ANN model achieved an accuracy of 97.66%, whereas the CNN model achieved an accuracy of 98.92%. The CNN model used 2‐D histograms generated out of the quantised dataset within a particular time frame, and prediction is made on that data. This approach has not been implemented earlier for the analysis of such datasets. As a case study, the model has been tested on the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, which caused a sudden downfall of the stock market. The results obtained from this study was decent enough as it produced an accuracy of 91%.
A dispatching strategy for electric vehicle aggregator combined price and incentive demand response
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Yifan , Xie Changjun , Xiong Binyu , Zhang Qingyong , Huang Liang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) have excellent demand response potential, but a single type of demand response is difficult to fully utilise the dispatching potential of EVs. To improve the utilisation of the demand response potential of EVs, this study proposes two kinds of dispatching strategies for electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) combined price‐based and incentive‐based demand response: long‐term contract strategy and short‐term contract strategy. The difference of the two strategies depends on the length of time for EV users to sign incentive agreements with EVA. The long‐term contract strategy assumes that some EV users sign a long‐term incentive agreement with the EVA. The short‐term contract strategy takes an EV charging process as the dispatching cycle. The objective of maximising revenues and minimising load fluctuation of EVA is optimised in two strategies. An improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm that combines region selection strategy and grouping strategy is used to solve the problem. The simulation results show that the two dispatching strategies can improve the comprehensive benefits of EVA as well as EV users. The two dispatching strategies can effectively improve the utilisation of dispatching potential of EVs.
Comparing the spatial and kinematic distribution of gas and young stars around the shell-like structure in the CMa OB1 association
Authors: Gregorio-Hetem J. , Lefloch B. , Hetem A. , Montmerle T. , Fernandes B. , Mendoza E. F. , De Simone M. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The relationship between young stellar clusters and their respective parental molecular clouds remains an open issue. Recent inquiries consider the similarities between substructures of clouds and clusters and whether they are a coincidence or, rather, an indication of a physical relationship. To address these issues, we studied the CMa OB1/R1 region, which shows evidence of a complex star formation history.
Aims. We obtained molecular cloud mapping with the IRAM-30 metre telescope to reveal the physical conditions of an unexplored side of the CMa region with the aim of comparing the morphology of the clouds to the distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs). We also studied the cloud kinematics in pursuit of gradients and jet signatures that could trace different star formation scenarios.
Methods. The YSOs were selected on the basis of astrometric data from Gaia EDR3 that characterize the moving groups. The distance of 1099−24+25 pc was obtained for the sample, based on the mean error-weighted parallax. Optical and near-infrared photometry was used to verify the evolutionary status and circumstellar characteristics of the YSOs.
Results. Among the selected candidates, we found 40 members associated with the cloud: 1 Class I, 11 Class II, and 28 Class III objects. Comparing the spatial distribution of the stellar population with the cores revealed by the 13CO map, we verified that peaks of emission coincide with the position of YSOs, confirming the association of these objects to their dense natal gas.
Conclusions. Our observations support the large-scale scenario of the CMa shell-like structure formation as a relic of successive supernova events.
COVID-19: Risks, Complications, and Monitoring in Patients on Clozapine
Authors: Veerman Selene R. T. , Bogers Jan P. A. M. , Cohen Dan , Schulte Peter F. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group is frequently asked for advice about the management of clozapine-treated patients when infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. We provide state of the art information about the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection for patients on clozapine and we give advice on measures to be taken, especially in regard to the monitoring of clozapine plasma levels, WBC count and differentiation during COVID-19 and after vaccination. We present an overview of relevant editorials, observational studies, and case studies, in which COVID-19 was reported in patients on clozapine. Patients using clozapine may have a higher risk of infection than patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) using other antipsychotics. SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in a dangerous increase of clozapine plasma levels, and granulocytopenia and lymphocytopenia (generally mild and short-term) may also occur, usually not as a result of clozapine treatment. Clozapine intoxication, pneumonia and delirium are the main complications of COVID-19 in patients on clozapine. In order to prevent clozapine intoxication, reduction of the original dose by half is generally recommended in clozapine users who contract COVID-19. When a cytokine storm is suspected in an advanced stage of COVID-19, reduction by three quarters seems more appropriate. If COVID-19 patients on clozapine develop granulocytopenia, SARS-CoV-2, rather than clozapine, should be considered as the cause. Schizophrenia patients in general and clozapine users in particular belong to a high-risk group that warrants early vaccination on a medical indication.
Remodeling beim equinen Asthma – Einfluss von Haltungsoptimierung und pharmakologischer Therapie
Authors: Barton Ann Kristin , Gehlen Heidrun 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Remodeling beschreibt den Prozess, der zu Veränderungen in Struktur und Aufbau im Vergleich zu gesundem Gewebe führt. Zumindest beim schweren equinen Asthma kommt es hauptsächlich, aber nicht ausschließlich, infolge der neutrophilen Entzündung zu einer Hypertrophie der glatten Bronchial- und arteriellen Gefäßmuskulatur sowie zu einer Fibrosierung der luftführenden Wege, aber auch des pulmonalen Interstitiums. Zur milden bis moderaten Form des equinen Asthmas ist bislang deutlich weniger bekannt. Lange wurde davon ausgegangen, dass das Remodeling irreversibel ist. Während dies für die glatte Bronchialmuskulatur weitgehend bis >heute gilt, gibt es beim Remodeling der extrazellulären Matrix der Lamina propria der Atemwege neue Erkenntnisse. Sowohl eine langfristige Remission durch konsequente Haltungsoptimierung als auch Glukokortikoide können den Kollagengehalt hier annähernd normalisieren. Das Remodeling der arteriellen Gefäßmuskulatur ist durch langfristige Haltungsoptimierung über mindestens 12 Monate und Bronchodilatatoren, nicht aber alleinig durch inhalative Glukokortikoide ebenfalls reversibel. Obwohl noch nicht abschließend geklärt, könnte die mit guter Prognose oft ausheilende milde bis moderate Form des equinen Asthmas eine Vorläuferform der schweren Form sein, bei der auch in der Phase der Remission Einschränkungen der Lungenfunktion nachweisbar sind, selbst wenn keine offensichtlichen klinischen Symptome vorliegen. Somit sind die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung des equinen Asthmas und ein früher Therapiebeginn entscheidend, damit zu Beginn der Behandlung möglichst wenige irreversible Veränderungen vorliegen. Der konsequenten Haltungsoptimierung kommt therapeutisch die größte Bedeutung zu, daneben sollten Glukokortikoide und Bronchodilatatoren eingesetzt werden.
Internal Pudendal Artery Angioplasty to Rescue Penile Gangrene.
Authors: Shah Pratik , Someshwar Vimal , Mundada Krishna , Waigankar Santosh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternal pudendal artery (IPA) is a branch of internal iliac artery that mainly supplies the perineal organs and external genitalia. Any obstruction in the artery seen in diabetics, hypertensives, or chronic kidney disease-induced calciphylaxis leads to decreased blood flow and may cause gangrene. IPA angioplasty is a known therapeutic procedure for erectile dysfunction and has shown promising results. However, similar procedure to relieve arterial blockade may be used to stop spread of penile gangrene and save the anatomical and physiological functions of the penis. We report a novel case of IPA angioplasty in patient of penile gangrene to circumvent total penectomy.
Contaminated Toothbrushes and Potential COVID-19 Transmission: Concerns and Recommendations
Authors: Vergara-Buenaventura Andrea , Castro-Ruiz Carmen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubstantial past evidence has demonstrated microbial contamination of oral devices and possible transmission of viral diseases, drawing attention to habits related to using and storing toothbrushes. Since toothbrushes are in intimate contact with the oral cavity, the question arises as to whether they can transmit COVID-19.An electronic search was performed in four databases to identify relevant literature about the possible contamination or transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through toothbrushes until May 2021. Forty-five records were retrieved, and after a thorough search, we found no articles reporting significant evidence. However, studies with other viral diseases have indicated that improper use and storage of toothbrushes could contribute to indirect disease transmission.Therefore, this narrative review supports the implementation of toothbrush disinfection and storage measures to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among cohabitants and community settings. Finally, recommendations and a suggested protocol to reduce the potential risk of transmission between cohabitants are provided.
Intersectionality as a Framework for Understanding Adolescent Vulnerabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries: Expanding Our Commitment to Leave No One Behind
Authors: Baird Sarah , Camfield Laura , Ghimire Anita , Hamad Bassam Abu , Jones Nicola , Pincock Kate , Woldehanna Tassew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven increasing policy attention to the consequences of youth marginalisation for development processes, engaging with the experiences of socially marginalised adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (including those who are out of school, refugees, married, with disabilities or adolescent parents) is a pressing priority. To understand how these disadvantages—and adolescents’ abilities to respond to them—intersect to shape opportunities and outcomes, this Special Issue draws on the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence conceptual framework which accounts for gender roles and norms, family, community and political economy contexts in shaping adolescents’ capabilities. Implicitly critiquing a focus within youth studies on individual agency, the articles advance our understanding of how adolescents’ marginalisation is shaped by their experiences, social identities and the contexts in which they are growing up. An analytical framework foregrounding intersectionality and collective capabilities offers a means to politicise these findings and challenge uncritical academic celebration of individual agency as the means to address structural problems.
A dual-band power divider based on higher-order modes of spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Mirhadi Salma , Komjani Nader 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a dual-band power divider is presented based on the propagation of the higher-order modes of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). A hollow rectangular groove is introduced as a unit cell, and its dispersion characteristics for higher modes and the fundamental mode are examined. Compared with the traditional rectangular groove unit cell, the proposed unit cell provides extreme electromagnetic wave confinement for higher-order modes. In addition, the second and fourth modes are even and can be excited by a coplanar waveguide. By utilizing the even modes of the proposed unit cell, a dual-band transmission line and a dual-band power divider are designed so that the operating bands can be controlled by the inner and outer depth of the grooves. The dual-band SSPP transmission line and the dual-band power divider are manufactured and tested to validate the design procedure. Finally, the measurement results show good agreement with the simulations, demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the design procedure.