bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported fruit and vegetable intake and inflammatory and oxidant status in a community setting
Authors: Root Martin , Nieman David C. , Henson Dru A. , Heinz Serena , Shanely R. Andrew , Knab Amy K. , Jin Fuxia 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo assess the effect of fruit and vegetable intake in a community setting on inflammatory and oxidant status.MethodsA community group (N=1,002) gave two fasted blood samples separated by 12 weeks. Typical fruit, vegetable, and red meat intakes were reported using a quantitative food group frequency questionnaire. Biomarkers were averaged from the two blood samples, and included C‐reactive protein (CRP), total leukocytes (WBC), and five plasma cytokines [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), monocyte chemoattractant protein, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor]. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and F2‐isoprostanes were also measured. Tertiles of combined fruit and vegetable intake were compared to the biomarkers using general linear models while controlling for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and red meat intake.ResultsIL‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly reduced across tertiles of fruits and vegetables (p<0.0004). The remaining cytokines, WBC, and CRP were non‐significant. FRAP and ORAC significantly increased across tertiles (P<0.05) while F2‐isoprostanes significantly decreased (p<0.0001).ConclusionIn a community setting, improved inflammatory and particularly oxidant status were associated with higher intake of fruits and vegetables.Support: Grants from Coca‐Cola and Quercegen Pharma.
Reproducibility in growth of breast and prostate cells stimulated with serum taken at different points in time from individuals on their habitual diets
Authors: Esfahani Amin , Srichaikul Korbua , Bashyam Balachandran , Kendall Cyril WC , Archer Michael C , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhile dietary components have been linked to cancer, the total impact of specific diets on cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we undertook a series of studies to develop a reliable ex vivo bioassay for assessing the effect of diet on cancer cell growth. Various types of human cancer cell lines were treated with serum from subjects on their habitual diets.MethodsEighteen subjects (10 males; 8 females) provided us with three fasting blood samples, each separated by one week. Subjects were asked to maintain their habitual diet and exercise regimen for the length of the study. Three cell lines (MCF‐7, MCF‐10A, LNCaP) were then incubated in media containing the serum samples (10%). After 72 hours, cell growth was measured using the MTS colorimetric assay.ResultsThe stimulation of cell growth was relatively constant for a given individual over the 3‐week period. There were, however, statistically significant inter‐individual differences in serum‐stimulated cell growth in all three cell lines. Subject age and body mass index (BMI) were not correlated with cell growth.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the consistency of results for a given individual will allow differences in breast and prostate cell growth resulting from specific diets to be detected using this method.(Funding provided by Canada Research Chair discretionary funds)
Relationships between Local Wellness Policies and Changes in Rates of Overweight and Obesity in Pennsylvania School Districts
Authors: Jomaa Lamis H , McDonnell Elaine , Orlofsky Charles , Probart Claudia 
Published: June 2021

Since 2006, local wellness policies (LWPs) addressing childhood obesity have been required for all school districts participating in school meal programs. This study investigates associations between LWPs and obesity trends in K‐6 students in Pennsylvania School Districts (PSDs). In Pennsylvania, school personnel are required to collect and report student Body Mass Index (BMI) data to the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Data for students in grades K‐6 were collected for both 06–07 and 07–08 school years. Comprehensiveness (count of all policy) and rigor (goal strength) of LWPs were developed as part of a larger study. Analysis of Variance was used to explore relationships between LWPs and changes in overweight and obesity rates. Approximately 1/3 of K‐6 students were overweight or obese in both years. The change in % of overweight and obese K‐6 students was ‐ 0.98% [Range: − 55.88 to 30.65%]. PSDs in which % of overweight and obesity decreased after one school year had more comprehensive policies, more nutrition education and physical activity goals, and stronger physical activity goals compared to PSDs in which % overweight and obesity increased (P = 0.005 – 0.038). Findings suggest school LWPs may help decrease childhood obesity through increasing nutrition education and physical activity opportunities. This project was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Healthy Eating Research Program.Grant Funding Source: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research Program
IMPROVING INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES USING LOCALLY‐CULTIVATED FOODS IN A FOOD‐INSECURE, RURAL REGION OF THE BOLIVIAN ANDES
Authors: Jones Andrew David 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of an education intervention focused on improved complementary feeding practices using locally‐cultivated foods, in particular legumes, on infant and young child feeding practices. The study uses a pre‐post intervention design with the inclusion of a control group and samples from semi‐subsistence farming families with children 0–36 months of age in a rural region of the Bolivian Andes. A baseline survey of 322 households collected data on child anthropometry and diet, household food security and agricultural practices. Guided by these data, researchers promoted improved recipes and feeding practices using Trials of Improved Practices. Results indicate that deficits in child length begin between 3 and 5 months of age in this population, the same age range during which mothers report introducing complementary foods. Child diets are monotonous, tuber based, and lack sufficient energy. Qualitative interview data indicate that mothers face numerous barriers to behavior change, principally time constraints from their social role as animal caretakers. Comparative results from an upcoming endline survey testing intervention effects and pathways of changes in feeding practices during the one‐year intervention period will be presented.Supported by the McKnight Foundation, NIH Nutrition Training Grant, the Bradfield Research Award, the H.E. Babcock Professor Chair fund.Grant Funding Source: NIH Nutrition Training Grant
Child nutrition status in Rajathan, India: A positive deviance analysis
Authors: Hardy Meagan Janelle , Suri Devika 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo apply a positive deviance (PD) analysis to the Government of India's Integrated Child Development Services in rural Rajasthan, which provides health and nutrition outreach activities.MethodsA nutrition and health behavior survey was administered to 720 caregivers of children under three. Children from the poorest subset of households (n=456) within one standard deviation of normal weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ) were classified as positive deviants.ResultsOverall, 7.84% of children were positive deviants. These children were over three times as likely to have been exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, compared to severely underweight children (p = 0.035). Colostrum‐feeding was associated with significantly higher child WAZ scores (p = 0.029). Caregivers of positive deviants were more likely to have an accurate perception of their child's weight (p < 0.001).ConclusionsNutrition interventions in resource‐poor areas should consider the health behaviors associated with increased WAZ found by PD, which can be enacted by caregivers despite limited resources and have a significant effect. The association between caregivers’ correct weight perception and normal child WAZ warrants further research to determine its effect on health behaviors.Funding provided by UNICEF and the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.
Effects of glutamine on signaling pathways involved in synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle protein
Authors: Pithon‐Curi Tania Cristina , Lambertucci Adriana C , Lambertucci Rafael Herling , Hirabara Sandro Massao , Fiamoncini Jarlei , Silveira Leonardo R , Alba‐Loureiro Tatiana C , Curi Rui 
Published: June 2021

Patients with diabetes mellitus present muscle mass loss and muscle atrophy that activate signaling pathways of protein degradation, such as MURF‐1 and MAF‐bx. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on signaling pathways of protein synthesis (Akt, GSK3, p70s6K, 4E‐BP1, mTOR) and degradation (MuRF‐1 e MAF‐bx) in rat soleus muscles in vitro and in vivo, by using Western blotting. In the in vitro experiments, skeletal muscle cells were cultured in the absence and in the presence of Gln (4 and 16 mM) for seven days; whereas, in the in vivo experiments, streptozocin‐induced diabetic rats were supplemented with glutamine (1g/kg bw for 15 days. Protein synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of labeled leucine into muscle cells. In cultured skeletal muscle cells, Gln (at 4 and 16 mM) increased L‐[U‐14C]‐leucine incorporation, Akt, mTOR and GSK3 phosphorylation, as well as p70s6k protein content phosphorylation, and decreased 4E‐BP1 and MuRF‐1 expression. In soleus muscle from diabetic rats there was an increase of Akt, GSK3 and mTOR phosphorylation, followed by a reduction of 4E‐BP1, MuRF‐1 and MAF‐bx. In conclusion, Gln stimulated the signaling pathway of protein synthesis and inhibited that of protein degradation in skeletal muscle.Financial Support: Fapesp, Capes and CNPq
Life expectancy of American Domestic Shorthair cats
Authors: Yu Shiguang 
Published: June 2021

Life expectancy of cats was calculated from 196 cats (115 female and 81 male) with known birth and death dates. Most of the cats were neutered during the first year of their life. Both natural death and euthanasia due to terminal illness were considered as a death event. All cats received regular veterinary medical care during their life.Gender had no effect on median survival of cats (male = 12.6 years; female = 13.1 years; p = 0.490). Therefore, combined data of male and female cats were used for the calculation of the life expectancy. The maximum survival time was 17.95 years in this group of cats. The age specific median residual lifetime (age in years/median residual lifetime in years) was 0.5/12.9, 1.5/12.3, 2.5/11.4, 3.5/10.5, 4.5/9.5, 5.5/8.5, 6.5/7.6, 7.5/6.7, 8.5/5.8, 9.5/5.0, 10.5/4.3, 11.5/3.6, 12.5/3.0, 13.5/2.3, 14.5/1.6, 15.5/0.9, 16.5/0.8, and 17.5/0.56. Mortality increased dramatically in cats after 9.7 years of age (95% CI: 8.8, 10.6 years). The results of this study suggest that earlier diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is warranted in cats beginning at 10 years of age. This study was supported by Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.
Fish oil with calorie restriction improves survival and reduces liver PON1 expression in aging mice
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel , Halade Ganesh V , Rahman Md M , Williams Paul J 
Published: June 2021

Dietary modifications, like calorie‐restriction (CR) and n‐3 fatty acids (FA) supplementation, are widely utilized in animals and humans to improve health and lifespan. In this study, we investigated the effect of n‐3 fatty acids (fish oil: FO) vs n‐6 fatty acids (corn oil: CO), with and without CR on survival, serum metabolites, anti‐oxidative capacity, adipocyte pathology and left ventricular function. Four month old C57Bl/6J female mice were maintained on ad libitum (AL) or CR (40% less than AL) AIN‐93 diet supplemented with 6% corn oil (rich in n‐6 FA:CO/AL and CO/CR) or 1% CO plus 5% concentrated fish oil [(30/20:eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] (rich in n‐3 FA FO/AL and FO/CR) and also standard lab chow (LC) group for 16 months. At 20 months of age, we measured survival, serum metabolites, left ventricular function, liver anti‐oxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) expression. Results showed that FO/CR food intake prolongs lifespan, reduces triglycerides and decreases adipocyte cell size compared to FO/AL, CO/AL, CO/CR and standard diet in mice. We also noted left ventricular hypertrophy in CO/CR mice, but not in FO/CR mice. Furthermore, the longevity gene, PON1 expression was significantly lowered in liver of FO/CR mice, as compared to that of CO/AL, CO/CR, FO/AL and LC fed mice. These data suggest that n‐3 FA, along with CR is effective in prolonging lifespan and needs to be tested in humans.Funding support: 1R01AG030161‐01A1 from NIH/NIA
Metabolic responses to high protein intake in Korean elite bodybuilder with intensive resistant exercise
Authors: Kim Hyerang , Lee San In Gun , Choue Ryowon 
Published: June 2021

High protein consumption can cause metabolic acidosis, which affects nitrogen and calcium balance. However, the effects of high protein consumption on metabolic homeostasis in athletes participating in intensive exercise training have not been fully determined. This study investigated the metabolic response to high protein consumption in Korean elite bodybuilders. They consumed excessively high amounts of protein (4.3 ± 1.2 g/kg BW/day) and high amounts of calorie (5,621.7 ± 1,354.7 kcal/day), as well as more than the recommended amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium. Serum levels of creatinine (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl) and potassium (5.9 ± 0.8 mmol/L), and urinary levels of urea nitrogen (24.7 ± 9.5 mg/dl), creatinine (2.3 ± 0.7 mg/dl), calcium (0.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl), and phosphorus (1.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl) were observed to be higher than the normal reference ranges. It is considered that high urinary excretion of nitrogen and minerals were due to high consumption of those nutrients and high rate of muscle turnover rather than the results of metabolic acidosis. The results of this study suggest that resistance exercise along with an increased consumption of calcium and potassium might reduce or offset the negative effects of the protein‐generated acid load. Therefore, the metabolic response to counter high protein consumption might be dependent on the intensity of exercise and the level of mineral intake. Further studies will be needed to determine the effects of a high‐protein diet on systemic acid‐base balance and also to ascertain the safety and efficiency of protein intake in athletes.Grant Funding Source: Nutrition (ASN)
Correlates of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Fat Consumption in a Latino Farm Worker Community in Central California
Authors: Matias Susana L , Stoecklin‐Marois Maria T , Tancredi Daniel J , Schenker Marc B 
Published: June 2021

We assessed the quality of fruit, vegetable and fat intake and identified factors associated with poor intake among Latino farm workers. Data were collected as part of the MICASA cohort study (n=843). We collected information on dietary intake during the past year by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The number of fruit and vegetable servings per day (>=5 vs. <5) and the percentage of calories from fat (>=35% vs. <35%) were dichotomized. We performed multivariable logistic regression controlling for age, education and income; separate models were constructed by gender. Fifty two percent of this population consumed >=5 servings of fruit and vegetables/day, 46% consumed >35% of calories from fat. Among men, being married, those born in Mexico or Central America, or whose family ate together >3 times/week had higher odds of consuming >=5 servings of fruit and vegetables/day. More acculturated men, those who ate fast food >=1/week or who had a child at home had higher odds of consuming more than 35% of their calories from fat. Among women, school attendance in the US was associated with consuming <5 servings of fruits and vegetables and >35% of calories from fat; women who had a child at home had higher odds of consuming >35% of calories from fat. These results suggest that factors related to acculturation are associated with poorer dietary intake in rural Latinos.Supported by the NIOSH and the California Endowment.
DIET QUALITY ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ELDERLY MEXICAN POPULATION
Authors: ROSAS VERONICA MUNDO , LEVY TERESA SHAMAH 
Published: June 2021

In Mexico there are not published studies about the diet quality of the elderly people (EP).ObjectiveTo evaluate the diet quality of the EP and its association with social and demographic characteristics.MethodsDietary data from a semi‐quantitative questionnaire applied during the National Health and Nutrition Survey was used. Information from 3357 men and women. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was constructed based on 10 recommendations from the USDA‐2005. The HEI was divided into three categories of diet quality: Healthy (HD) (HEI¡Ý81). Improvement Required (IRD) (HEI >50 y ¡Ü80) and Poor (PD) (HEI¡Ü50). Logistic regression models were tested in order to measure the association between categories of diet quality and social and demographic characteristics as follows: age, sex, indigenous condition, economic status, Body Mass Index, scholar level and to be beneficiary of a health service. All this data was adjusted using the survey sample design.Results10.3 % of the EP are in the HD category, 83.0% in the IRD and 6.7 % belong to the PD. Factors significantly associated with HD category was: higher education level (O.R=2.4); with IRD was live in the southern region (O.R=1.4) and PD was live in northern region (O.R=2.0) and living alone (O.R=2.1)ConclusionsA very small portion of the EP meets with the dietary recommendations. This is important due to the role of the HD in the age related diseases control and prevention.
Beverage intake of Mexican school‐age children
Authors: Safdie Margarita , Stein Aryeh D , Torres Catalina , Lirizarry Laura , Bonvecchio Anabelle , Rivera Juan A 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMexico is experiencing an increasing epidemic of childhood obesity. Caloric intake from beverages is not offset by reductions in caloric intake from food. The Mexican Government has instituted policies to reduce caloric beverage consumption in schools, but the contribution of caloric beverages to overall energy intake is not known.ObjectiveTo assess beverage intake in children 9–11 y old attending public schools in Mexico City.MethodologyWe administered a previously‐developed, child‐friendly beverage diary. Children (n=131) completed three weekday diaries and (96) one weekend diary.Results3592 reports of beverage consumption were obtained. During weekdays, the distribution of consumed beverages was: sugar‐sweetened beverages 48.8%, natural water 31.3%, unsweetened whole milk beverages 11.4% During weekends 798 reports from 96 children were obtained, the distribution was: sugar‐sweetened beverages 58.1%, natural water 32.2%, unsweetened whole milk beverages 11.6%.ConclusionCaloric beverages are consumed frequently, especially on weekends and likely contribute to the growing prevalence of overweight in Mexican children.
Distribution and Determinants of Obesity in New York City, 2003–2007
Authors: Black Jennifer L. , Macinko James 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVESThis study characterized the individual and neighborhood‐level determinants and distribution of obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) in New York City (NYC) from 2003 to 2007.METHODSIndividual‐level data from the Community Health Survey (n=48,506 adults, 34 neighborhoods) were combined with neighborhood measures. Multilevel regression assessed changes in obesity over time and associations with neighborhood‐level income and food and physical activity amenities, controlling for age, racial/ethnic identity, education, employment, US nativity and marital status, and stratified by gender.RESULTSObesity risk increased by 1.6% (P<0.05) each year, but changes over time differed significantly between neighborhoods and by gender. Obesity risk increased for women, even after controlling for individual and neighborhood‐level factors (Prevalence Ratio (PR)=1.021, P<0.05), whereas no significant changes were reported for men. Neighborhood factors including increased area income (PR=0.932) and availability of local food and fitness amenities (PR=0.890) were significantly associated with reduced obesity (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that policies intended to decrease obesity in urban environments should be informed by up to date surveillance data, and may require a variety of initiatives that respond to both the individual and contextual determinants of obesity.
The Role of MUC1 Splice Variants in Cellular Inflammation
Authors: Imbert Yoannis , Klinge Carolyn M 
Published: June 2021

MUC 1 is a transmembrane mucin that contains a region of 30–100 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) where the majority of the O‐glycosylation sites are found. Two full length variants, MUC1/B and MUC1/A, differ by the inclusion of 27 bp from intron 1 in MUC1/A and a SNP, but have identical intracellular cytoplasmic domain (CTD) sequences. The frequency of the MUC1/A splice variant expression was lower in patients with non‐Sjögren's aqueous deficient dry eye compared to controls, suggesting a role for MUC1/A in the symptoms associated with dry eye disease. The objective of the present study was to clone the MUC1/A splice variant and determine whether the MUC1/A and MUC1/B splice variants differentially modulate inflammatory responses in transfected cells.MethodsThe additional 27bp present in the MUC1/A variant were cloned into the MUC1/B construct. MUC1/A and MUC1/B constructs were transiently transfected into COS‐7 cells. After 48 hrs the cells were treated with 10ng/ml TNFα for 4 hrs. The levels of IL1‐beta and IL8 were measured using real‐time RT‐PCR.ResultsHere we report that MUC1/B and MUC1/A splice variants show equal plasma membrane localization but differ in their ability to modulate the TNFα‐induced inflammatory response. The MUC1/B splice variant, and not MUC1/A, inhibited the induction of IL1‐beta and IL8 expression by TNFα. These data suggest that MUC1/B has a stronger anti‐inflammatory activity.
Hypoxia and adrenergic function: HIF1a, a potential regulatory switch
Authors: Wong Dona Lee , Tai T.C. , Wong‐Faull David C. , Claycomb Robert 
Published: June 2021

Stress hormones epinephrine (epi) and cortisol, initiate behavioral and physiological changes for coping with and overcoming stress. Knowledge of molecular events whereby stress controls epi may permit early intervention in stress‐related disorders. Immobilization stress (IMMO) in rats controls epi released from the adrenal medulla, the source of circulating epi, in part through biosynthesis by phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT). IMMO stress regulates PNMT through transcriptional activators, Egr‐1 and Sp1. Hypoxia (5% O2) also activates PNMT via Egr‐1 and Sp1 and HIF1a, a factor controlling genes under hypoxic stress. A hypoxia response element exists in the proximal PNMT promoter but HIF1a seems to mediate PNMT promoter transcriptional activity indirectly by stimulating Egr‐1 and Sp1. If Egr‐1 and Sp1 elements in the promoter are mutated or Egr‐1or Sp1 siRNA is present in PC12 cells harboring a PNMT promoter‐luciferase construct, promoter stimulation by hypoxia or HIF1a is prevented. Selective inhibitors of cAMP and PLC as well as PKA, PKC, PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 block hypoxia stimulated promoter activity and the rise in Egr‐1 and Sp1. Currently HIF1a siRNA effects on hypoxic induction of the PNMT promoter and Egr‐1 and Sp1 are being investigated. Under stress HIF1a may act as a transcriptional switch elevating Egr‐1 and Sp1, and thereby PNMT expression.Emerald Foundation, Sobel and Keller Fund, McLean Hospital