bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation of the HBV RNA element epsilon in nackednaviruses reveals ancient origin of protein-primed reverse transcription
Authors: Beck Jürgen , Seitz Stefan , Lauber Chris , Nassal Michael 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Hepadnaviruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a major human pathogen, are small, enveloped DNA viruses, which replicate by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Unlike retroviruses, which use tRNA as primer for reverse transcription, hepadnaviruses employ a unique protein-priming mechanism involving de novo synthesis of a DNA primer covalently attached to the viral polymerase. Here, we show that this mechanism is highly conserved on the molecular level in distantly related non-enveloped fish viruses which diverged from ancestral hepadnaviruses more than 400 Mya. The exceptional level of conservation and the absence of known homologous cellular mechanisms renders HBV protein priming a promising, yet unexplored, antiviral target for the development of novel therapeutics against this highly relevant pathogen.
An enzyme-based biosensor for monitoring and engineering protein stability in vivo
Authors: Ren Chang , Wen Xin , Mencius Jun , Quan Shu 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Protein stability is central to the pathogenesis of several major human diseases and is the key to extensive research. Improved methods are needed for protein stability engineering. Here, we present a high-throughput screening strategy to stabilize proteins by linking their stabilities to the fluorescent readout of cells expressing an engineered bacterial enzyme. This strategy is generally applicable to proteins of different sources, sizes, and structural characteristics, including industrial-related enzymes and disease-related proteins. We also combined this strategy with deep mutational scanning to comprehensively understand how mutations shape the stability landscape of an important epigenetic enzyme. Our strategy expands the current toolbox of protein research and will also facilitate a variety of protein design.
Renewing the coal mining past
Authors: Cornips Leonie , van den Hengel Louis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines how inhabitants of Heerlen, a town in the province of Limburg in the southeast of the Netherlands, renew the cultural memory of coal mining in the area through parodic linguistic and cultural practices linked to the (re)articulation of collective local and social identities. Heerlen became a center for the coal mining industry in the Netherlands in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The closure of the mines between 1965 and 1974 had devastating consequences for the economic, social, and cultural developments of the area. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the region’s mining past, creating new momentum for Heerlen in its transition from a struggling former mining area to a city focusing on long-term socio-economic development and cultural innovation. In this context, new practices of cultural memory are emerging through local performances of language and culture that operate to reconstruct Heerlen’s coal mining past through parodic repetition. By discussing two case studies exemplifying the creative ways in which dominant accounts of the mining past are being rearticulated, we explain how the use of parody may serve to undermine the interacting social norms, identities, and hierarchies that have come to shape cultural memories of mining in communities historically defined by working-class and male-dominated labor. The article integrates linguistic and sociolinguistic research, studies of regional history, and theories of parody rooted in contemporary literary criticism and gender studies, to demonstrate the importance of place-bound practices of languageculture as a compelling force of linguistic and socio-cultural renewal.
Children’s recycling behavior: could it be explained by an extended theory of planned behavior? (La conducta de reciclaje en niños: ¿se podría explicar mediante una teoría ampliada de la conducta planificada?)
Authors: Šorytė Dovilė , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė 
Published: March 2021

An extended theory of planned behaviour was used to explain children’s self-reported recycling behaviour with an inclusion of parental behaviour and two background factors of child gender and social desirability. Ninety-nine pupils aged 8–11 years and one parent of each participated in the study. Children took part in structured one-on-one interviews, where they responded to questions about their recycling behaviour, willingness (desire) to recycle, environmental attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Parents provided their answers on the compatible behavioural items. In addition, children responded to questions from the short version of the Children’s Social Desirability scale. For the analysis, three models were tested step by step. In the final model, where background factors were introduced, parental behaviour remained the only predictor of child behaviour, while pupils’ willingness to recycle remained to be determined by the perceived behavioural control only. Conclusions and implications regarding study findings are provided in the paper.
Staggered tomography for spatially continuous objects in compressive holography
Authors: Luo Zhenpeng , Sun Da , Su Ping , Ma Jianshe , Cao Liangcai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of spatially continuous objects in compressive holography (CH) is difficult owing to the large axial interval. Hence, in this work we propose an algorithm for staggered tomography based on CH (ST-CH) that performs multiple staggered compressive sensing reconstructions to obtain a supersaturated reconstructed object field with a small axial interval. ST-CH is found to improve positioning accuracy by approximately one order of magnitude compared with conventional CH method. The moving postures and behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans were observed experimentally in 3D space. Segmented positioning was applied along the skeleton of a continuous object to position different object parts; finally, observation of a kinematic fiber was achieved.
Effect of trampoline sputtering on surface morphology and coatings properties
Authors: Gabovich Alexander M , Semeniuk Valerii F , Semeniuk Nadiia I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The collective trampoline ion-plasma effect was used to modify surface properties of metals, ceramics, silicon and carbon in a desired manner. The rough surfaces created by low-energy dense ion flows were demonstrated to include double-level hierarchical structures. Namely, the submicron and nanoscale peaks and valleys were found. The coating films were deposited by the nanoclusters emitted in the trampoline mode, as well as by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. The substrates were prepared by prior ion processing in the trampoline mode. Preliminary nanoscale texturing of surfaces substantially modified the interaction of ion-plasma flows with surfaces during the subsequent film formation by PVD and PECVD techniques. The so created rough surface showed the strong film adhesion and a 25%–50% faster film formation during ion-plasma deposition as compared to the case of a non-textured surface. The transfer of target material in the form of nanoclusters allowed obtaining dense defect-free micron-scale films. The submicron structure leads to the infrared and visible light trapping. The results were analyzed on the basis of the previously suggested qualitative model of the trampoline sputtering.
Structure and electron affinity of the 4H–SiC (0001) surfaces: a methodological approach for polar systems
Authors: Beattie J M A , Goss J P , Rayson M J , Briddon P R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ability to accurately and consistently determine the surface electronic properties of polar materials is of great importance for device applications. Polar surface modelling is fundamentally limited by the spontaneous polarisation of these materials in a periodic boundary condition scheme. Surface data are sensitive to supercell parameters, including slab and vacuum thicknesses, as well as the non-equivalence of surface adsorbates on opposite surfaces. Using 4H–SiC as a specific case, this study explores calculation of electron affinities (EAs) of (000

1

̄

) and (0001) surfaces varying chemical termination as a function of computational parameters. We report the impact in terms of band-gap, electric fields across the vacuum and slab for single and double cell slab models, where the latter is constructed with inversional symmetry to eliminate the electric field in the vacuum regions. We find that single cells are sensitive to both slab and vacuum thickness. The band-gap narrows with slab thickness, ultimately vanishing and inducing charge transfer between opposite surfaces. This has a consequence for predicted EAs. Adsorbate species are found to play a crucial role in the rate of narrowing. Back to back cells with inversional symmetry have larger electric fields present across the slab than the single slab cases, resulting in a greater band-gap narrowing effect, but the vacuum thickness dependence is completely removed. We discuss the relative merits of the two approaches.
Stabilizing ordered structures with single patch inverse patchy colloids in two dimensions
Authors: Mathews K Remya Ann , Mani Ethayaraja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Oppositely charged bipolar colloids or colloids decorated with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on their surfaces are special kinds of patchy particles where only patch and non-patch parts are attractive. These are classified as inverse patchy colloids (IPCs). In this work, equilibrium self-assembly of IPC in two-dimensions is reported using Monte Carlo simulations. Square (SCs) and triangular crystals (TCs) are found to be stable at 0.5 patch coverage. Upon decreasing the patch coverage to 0.33, the regular SC is destabilized; instead rhombic and TCs are found to be stable. At low patch coverages such as 0.22 and 0.12, only TC is stabilized at high density. Particles of all the patch coverages show kinetically stable cluster phases of different shapes and sizes at low densities, and the average cluster size depends on the patch coverage and particle density. State-diagrams showing all the stable phases for each patch coverage are presented. Ordered phases are characterized by bond order parameters ψ
4, ψ
6 and radial distribution function. The effect of polydispersity in patch coverage on the polarization of the stable structures are also studied. The study demonstrates that IPCs can stabilize various ordered two-dimensional structures by tuning the size of the patch, density and interaction strengths.
Large amplitude spin-Hall oscillations due to field-like torque
Authors: Arun R , Gopal R , Chandrasekar V K , Lakshmanan M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large amplitude spin-Hall oscillations are identified in a ferromagnetic layer with two perpendicular in-plane easy axis in the presence of field-like torque without any polarizer and external field. The analytical study confirms the possibility of oscillations in the presence of field-like torque. The investigation shows that the oscillation frequency can be tuned from ∼2 GHz to ∼80 GHz by current and enhanced by field-like torque. Further, the enhancement of frequency along with the Q-factor by current and field-like torque is also observed.
Giant thermopower and power factor in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene at low temperature
Authors: Kubakaddi S S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The in-plane phonon-drag thermopower S
g, diffusion thermopower S
d and the power factor PF are theoretically investigated in a twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) as a function of twist angle θ, temperature T and electron density n
s in the region of low T (1–20 K). As θ approaches magic angle θ
m, the S
g and S
d are found to be strongly enhanced, which is manifestation of great suppression of effective Fermi velocity v
F
* of electrons in moiré flat band near θ
m. This enhancement decreases with increasing θ and T. In the Bloch–Grüneisen (BG) regime, it is found that S
g ∼ v
F
*−2, T
3 and n
s
−1/2. As T increases, the exponent δ in S
g ∼ T

δ
, changes from 3 to nearly zero and a maximum S
g value of ∼10 mV K−1 at ∼20 K is estimated. S
g is found to be larger (smaller) for smaller n
s in low (high) temperature region. On the other hand, S
d, taken to be governed by Mott formula with S
d ∼ v
F
*−1, T and n
s
−1/2 and S
d ≪ S
g for T > ∼2 K. The power factor PF is also shown to be strongly θ dependent and is very much enhanced. Consequently, possibility of a giant figure of merit is discussed. In tBLG, θ acts as a strong tuning parameter of both S
g and S
d and PF in addition to T and n
s. Our results are qualitatively compared with the measured out-of-plane thermopower in tBLG.
Out of equilibrium chiral higher order topological insulator on a
π
-flux square lattice
Authors: Bhat Ruchira V , Bera Soumya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the hallmarks of bulk topology is the existence of robust boundary localized states. For instance, a conventional d dimensional topological system hosts d − 1 dimensional surface modes, which are protected by non-spatial symmetries. Recently, this idea has been extended to higher order topological phases with boundary modes that are localized in lower dimensions such as in the corners or in one dimensional hinges of the system. In this work, we demonstrate that a higher order topological phase can be engineered in a nonequilibrium state when the time-independent model does not possess any symmetry protected topological states. The higher order topology is protected by an emerging chiral symmetry, which is generated through the Floquet driving. Using both the exact numerical method and an effective high-frequency Hamiltonian obtained from the Brillouin-Wigner (BW) perturbation theory, we verify the emerging topological phase on a π-flux square lattice. We show that the localized corner modes in our model are robust against a chiral symmetry preserving perturbation and can be classified as ‘extrinsic’ higher order topological phase. Finally, we identify a two dimensional topological invariant from the winding number of the corresponding sublattice symmetric one dimensional model. The latter model belongs to class AIII of ten-fold symmetry classification of topological matter.
Electronic structure of ternary palladates and effect of hole doping: a valence band photoemission spectroscopic study
Authors: Reddy B H , Ali Asif , Singh Ravi Shankar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the electronic structure of ternary palladates APd3O4 (A = Sr, Ca) using valence band photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations. Energy positions of various features and overall width of the experimental valence band spectra are well captured by band structure calculations using hybrid functional. Band structure calculations within local density approximations lead to metallic ground state while the calculations using hybrid functional provide band gap of 0.25 eV and 0.22 eV for CaPd3O4 and SrPd3O4 respectively, suggesting moderate to strong electron correlation strength in these narrow band gap semiconducting palladates. High resolution spectra reveal negligibly small intensity at Fermi level, E
F, for parent compounds, while hole doped SrPd3O4 (by 15% Li substitution at Sr site) exhibits a Fermi cut-off suggesting metallic character in contrast to semiconducting transport. These observations reveal the importance of localization of electrons in case where the Fermi edge falls in the mobility edge.
Hemocompatibility of polyzwitterion-modified titanium dioxide nanotubes
Authors: Jia Erna , Liang Bang , Lin Yuan , Su Zhaohui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted increasing interest as implantable materials due to their many desirable properties. However, their blood compatibility remains an issue. In this paper, TNTs of different diameters were modified with two types of zwitterionic polymers, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), which were grafted onto the TNTs using ARGET-ATRP (activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization) method. Both pSBMA and pCBMA brushes coatings were found to greatly reduce adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fib) onto the TNTs, showing excellent protein resistance. Moreover, the effects of the surface topography on the amount of protein adsorption were largely suppressed by the polyzwitterion coatings. The conformation of the protein adsorbed to the substrates was analyzed at the molecular level by Fourier-transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR), which revealed that the BSA adsorbed on the polyzwitterion-modified TNTs adopted significantly different secondary structures from that on the virgin TNTs, whereas the conformation of the adsorbed Fib remained basically the same. The polyzwitterion-modified TNTs were found to be non-hemolytic, and platelet adhesion and activation was significantly reduced, showing excellent blood compatibility.
Effect of nitrogen annealing on the optoelectronic properties of manganese vanadate
Authors: Ravindra Pramod , Chaudhary Raghav , Athresh Eashwer , Vura Sandeep , Raghavan Srinivasan , Ranjan Rajeev , Majumdar Kausik , Avasthi Sushobhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Semiconducting oxides are often stable, non-toxic, and can potentially be deposited at a low cost. The existence of oxides with appropriate bandgap (<1.8 eV) and reasonable mobility points towards the alluring possibility of employing oxides as absorbers in ‘all-oxide’ solar cells. However, oxide absorbers have remained elusive due to the debilitating effects of low mobility, deep-defects, and inefficient doping, which degrade their optoelectronic performance. In this work, we report the effects of annealing on the optoelectronic properties of an emerging oxide solar absorber, manganese vanadate (Mn2V2O7, MVO). Films deposited using pulsed laser deposition show no photoluminescence (PL). After annealing in a nitrogen ambience, sharp PL (FWHM ∼ 100 µeV) peaks are observed at low temperatures, which indicates improved optoelectronic quality. Our analysis suggests these emissions are from carriers trapped in very shallow native acceptor and donor type defects. This improvement is correlated with the reduction in Urbach energy, which also suggests reduced electronic disorder. Coupled with low bandgap and easy processing, MVO seems to be an exciting material for optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
A novel circular double-gate SOI MOSFET with raised source/drain
Authors: Kallepelli Sagar , Maheshwaram Satish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report the performance of a novel circular double-gate (CDGT) silicon-on-insulator metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). We explore a variety of device configurations that are possible by making changes in the pad height in terms of a raised top, bottom, or top and bottom (both). The results demonstrate that the best device configuration is a raised both CDGT with an internal pad as a drain. For the above configuration, the impact of a junctionless mode is further analyzed and the optimum performance is obtained with a doping level of 1 × 1018 cm−3. The device exhibits good electrical characteristics, with an ON/OFF current ratio of 3.73 × 105, a near-ideal subthreshold slope of 66.9 mV dec−1, and a small drain-induced barrier lowering of ∼35 mV V−1. Among various circular MOSFETs, the CDGT device exhibits an optimum delay performance of 2 ps based on a two-stage inverter analysis.
The effective field theory and perturbative analysis for log-density fields
Authors: Rubira Henrique , Voivodic Rodrigo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A logarithm transformation over the matter overdensity field δ brings information from the bispectrum and higher-order n-point functions to the power spectrum. We calculate the power spectrum for the log-transformed field A at one, two and three loops using perturbation theory (PT). We compare the results to simulated data and give evidence that the PT series is asymptotic already on large scales, where the k modes no longer decouple. This motivates us to build an alternative perturbative series for the log-transformed field that is not constructed on top of perturbations of δ but directly over the equations of motion for A itself. This new approach converges faster and better reproduces the large scales at low z. We then show that the large-scale behaviour for the log-transformed field power spectrum can be captured by a small number of free parameters. Finally, we add the counter-terms expected within the effective field theory framework and show that the theoretical model, together with the IR-resummation procedure, agrees with the measured spectrum with percent precision until k ≃ 0.38 Mpc−1h at z=0. It indicates that the non-linear transformation indeed linearizes the density field and, in principle, allows us to access information contained on smaller scales.
The Design of an Arduino Based Low-Cost Ultrasonic Tide Gauge With the Internet of Things (Iot) System
Authors: Haq Nabil Amirul , Khomsin  , Pratomo Danar Guruh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ocean tides play essential roles in the field of hydrography and navigation. The conventional method to measure tides is by observing the vertical variation of sea surface using a tide staff. However, this method has several disadvantages. It consumes more human resources and time to observe and record the take. Moreover, the recorded data tends to be subjective, depending on the observer. To overcome these disadvantages is by using an automatic tide gauge. This instrument can also provide almost continuous and near real-time tide data. The price of automatic tide gauge in the Indonesia market is costly. This research attempted to build a low-cost ultrasonic tide gauge by utilizing an Arduino microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, GPS module, which is embedded with the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the real-time data can be uploaded and monitored on a webserver. The quality of the data collected from the instrument is controlled using the 3 σ rule to detect and remove outliers. Moving Average and Moving Median filtering methods are applied in the system to eliminate the noise. The data accuracy-test was performed using a relative error and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) methods. The test compares the data collected with the ultrasonic tide gauge and the direct observation method. The result shows the relative error, and RMSE values 0.226% and 6.629mm for raw data, 0.636% and 18.542mm for moving average data, 0.437% and 13.242mm for the moving median data, with the best filtering method is moving median. The instrument accuracy test results show that this instrument has excellent accuracy, with a 2,240,000 IDR instrument production budget or 7.5% of the lowest tide gauge prices.