bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic and soil material between tills in east‐midland England – direct evidence for two episodes of lowland glaciation in Britain during the Middle Pleistocene
Authors: Rose James , Turner Jenni , Turton Elaine , Riding James B. , Palmer Adrian , Wright John K. , Lee Jonathan R. , Bullimore Nicholas S. J. Q. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a record and analysis of a site in east‐midland England, at which organic and soil material are found between two Middle Pleistocene tills. This is the first discovery of its kind in the area, and demonstrates unequivocally that the region was glaciated on two separate occasions, something that has long been inferred and articulated, but not actually demonstrated. The landforms, sediments and soils are studied with respect to their geomorphological, lithological, pedological, palaeobotanical and structural properties. The organic and soil material along with soil structures indicate, sequentially, a periglacial climate, a long period of warm temperate weathering and a cool temperate climate. Evaluation of this evidence in terms of existing published work identifies a number of problems with existing models and suggests that the most likely model for the glacial history of this part of midland England is an early Middle Pleistocene glaciation which is represented only by trace erratics, a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12 age glaciation which moved across the area from the NW and deposited a chalk‐free till, and an MIS 8 age glaciation that transported and deposited an upper chalky till from the NE.© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopy and phonon‐related properties of monoclinic GABA, a non‐proteinogenic inhibitory neurotransmitter amino acid
Authors: Silva José Barbosa , Costa Gabriel , da Silva Mauricélio Bezerra , Costa Stefane Nunes , dos Santos Regina Cláudia Rodrigues , Sales Francisco Adilson Matos , Valentini Antoninho , Caetano Ewerton Wagner Santos , Freire Valder Nogueira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrate central nervous systems. Taking full account of the measured X‐ray diffractogram of its stable monoclinic polymorph, we have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze/understand its infrared and Raman spectra considering its monoclinic polymorph, an isolated stabilized (120) plane, and a single GABA molecule. Besides, phonon dispersion/density of states, heat capacity, Debye temperature, and entropy/enthalpy/free energies were also obtained for the GABA monoclinic crystal. Vibrational signatures due to the GABA (120) planes are pointed out for the first time for several wavenumbers. The results obtained for the GABA monoclinic polymorph reinforce the need of dispersion‐corrected solid‐state calculations to describe the vibrational properties of molecular crystals instead of considering a single isolated molecule picture, even for wavenumbers larger than those usually associated with lattice modes.
Charge transfer evidence in donor–acceptor single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with sexithiophene oligomers: Nanotube diameter dependence
Authors: Chenouf Jamal , Boutahir Mourad , Rahmani Abdelhai , Chadli Hassane , Hermet Patrick , Mejía‐López José , Rahmani Abdelali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEncapsulation of photoactive organic molecules inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) appears to be of great interest in terms of high power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability for a commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this paper, we report a charge transfer (CT) evidence in donor–acceptor SWNTs filled with Sexithiophene oligomers (6T) by Raman spectroscopy. To compute the optimal diameter and demonstrate the most stable structure of the hybrid systems with either a single 6T molecule encapsulated into SWNTs (6T@SWNTs), or two 6T chains encapsulated (6T‐6T@SWNTs), we have performed structural geometry optimization on the hybrid encapsulated systems using a convenient Lennard–Jones (LJ) expression of the van der Waals (vdW) intermolecular potential. Combining the density functional theory (DFT), molecular mechanics, bond polarizability model, and the spectral moment method (SMM), we computed the polarized nonresonant Raman spectra of 6T molecule and SWNTs (metallic and semiconducting) before and after encapsulation. The influence of the encapsulation on the Raman‐active modes of the 6T molecule and those of the nanotube (radial breathing modes and tangential modes) are analyzed. In particular, significant changes observed in the G‐band wavenumber. The possibility (or not) of an eventual CT between the 6T oligomer and the nanotube in both hybrid systems (6T@SWNTs and 6T‐6T@SWNTs) is discussed. We show that there is a dependence of the CT with respect to the diameter of SWNTs, the CT vanish with increasing diameter of the nanotubes. Our finding of CT behavior in the filled SWNTs with respect to SWNT diameter will provide a useful guidance for enhancing the performance of OSCs by SWNTs.
Clinical significance of sarcoid‐like reaction in lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Itai Yusuke , Ueda Yoshitake , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Shirasaka Yoshinori , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Shiraishi Norio , Daa Tsutomu , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough granulomatous formation (sarcoid‐like reaction [SR]) similar to sarcoidosis occasionally occurs in regional lymph nodes of malignant tumors, the pathological significance of SR is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic relevance of SR in gastric cancer.MethodsWe evaluated 391 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2007 and 2016 at our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to presence of SR in lymph nodes, and clinicopathological factors and prognosis were compared between the two groups.ResultsSR was found in 67 (17.1%) of the 391 patients, and 332 (3.3%) of 10,149 lymph nodes examined. Regarding clinicopathological factors, SR‐positive group showed significantly higher average age (p < 0.01) and numbers of differentiated tumors than SR‐negative group (p < 0.05). Three‐year overall survival rate in elderly patients aged ≥75 years was significantly more favorable in SR‐positive group (n = 27, 85.2%) versus SR‐negative group (n = 97, 63.4%) (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical studies showed the predominant presence of CD68‐positive macrophages for SR, with CD4/CD8‐positive T cells and interleukin‐10 also positive.ConclusionThe presence of SR in gastric cancer is frequent in elderly patients and might be a favorable indicator of prognosis. SR is suggested to reflect immune activation in the host.
Residual Perforation Risk Assessment of Intratympanic Steroids via Tympanostomy Tube Versus Transtympanic Injections
Authors: Simani Liam , Shilo Shahaf , Oron Yahav , Eta Rani A. , Handzel Ophir , Muhanna Nidal , Warshavsky Anton , Horowitz Gilad , Ungar Omer J. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the risk of residual tympanic membrane (TM) perforation after intratympanic (IT) steroidal treatment administered via transtympanic injection compared with trans‐tympanostomy tube (TyT).Study DesignCase series, systematic review and meta analysis.MethodsData were retrieved from the medical files of an original cohort of all consecutive patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss necessitating IT steroidal treatment in a tertiary medical center between January 1, 2016 and November 20, 2020. A systematic literature search of “MEDLINE” via “PubMed,” “Embase,” and “Web of Science” on comparable published cases was performed and meta‐analysis was established.ResultsEighteen studies describing 818 ears were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis in addition to a local cohort of 140 ears. The proportion of residual TM perforation was 1.11% and 1.14% (95% confidence interval: 0.01%–3.27% and 0.028%–2.38%) in the TyT and trans‐tympanic groups, respectively, suggesting no significant difference in residual TM perforation risk between these techniques.ConclusionIT steroid therapy via trans‐TyT is not associated with more residual perforations than IT steroid therapy via transtympanic injections.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2583–E2591, 2021
Risk Factors of Postoperative Facial Palsy for Benign Parotid Tumors: Outcome of 1,018 Patients
Authors: Kawata Ryo , Kinoshita Ichita , Omura Shuji , Higashino Masaaki , Nishikawa Shuji , Terada Tetsuya , Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Hirose Yoshinobu , Tochizawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of postoperative facial palsy in benign parotid tumors, as well as its risk factors, pathology, and clinical results.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients whose initial operation for a benign parotid tumor had been performed in our department between 1999 and 2020.ResultsWe included 1,018 patients in this study. The most common tumor observed was pleomorphic adenoma (614 patients), followed by Warthin tumor (234 patients). Fine‐needle aspiration cytology and frozen section biopsy were used to identify the tumor histopathology. The overall rate of postoperative facial nerve palsy was 19.5%; the rate was significantly higher in patients with large‐diameter tumors or deep lobe tumors. Postoperative facial palsy improved within 24 months of surgery in all cases. There were no cases with permanent facial palsy.ConclusionsPostoperative facial nerve palsy developed regularly after surgery to remove benign parotid tumors despite preservation of the nerve. Palsy rate was high in patients with large tumors or deep lobe tumors. Despite the high risk of facial palsy in these patients and the benign nature of the tumor, we recommend surgery rather than follow‐up observation, as the risk of postoperative facial palsy may increase as the tumor grows. It is important to provide an accurate explanation on the risks of postoperative complications to all patients to obtain appropriate informed consent for surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2857–E2864, 2021
Evaluation of Audiological Results and Cochleo‐Vestibular Subclinical Injury After CO2 Laser Stapedotomy
Authors: Mariani Cinzia , Carta Filippo , Piras Nicoletta , Marrosu Valeria , Serra Federica , De Seta Daniele , Puxeddu Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesEvaluation of the effectiveness and safety of CO2 laser stapedotomy, focusing on the audiological results, and on the surgical cochleo‐vestibular trauma.Study Design/Materials and MethodsRetrospective clinical trial on 38 patients with the diagnosis of otosclerosis, who underwent CO2 laser stapedotomy between January 2015 and October 2019. Postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG), mean air conduction gain, and postoperative changes of high frequency threshold were evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Videoculography (VOG) was performed to assess the vestibular impairment preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery.ResultsPostoperative ABG closure within 10 dB was obtained in 35 cases (92.1%), with a mean postoperative ABG of 4.4 dB and a mean air conduction improvement of 32.3 dB. No significant worsening of high frequency threshold was observed. Spontaneous nystagmus was found preoperatively in 5/38 patients (13.2%), 1 day after surgery in 13/38 patients (34.2%), 1 week after surgery in 12/38 patients (31.6%), and 1 month after surgery in 4/38 patients (10.5%). Positional nystagmus was found preoperatively in 12/38 patients (31.6%), 1 day after surgery in 25/38 patients (65.8%), 1 week after surgery in 22/38 patients (57.9%), and 1 month after surgery in 10/38 patients (26.3%). The occurrence of nystagmus did not always correlate with vestibular symptoms: after surgery, 10 patients (26.3%) experienced vertigo associated with dizziness, 8 patients (21.1%) suffered from dizziness without vertigo, and 14 patients (36.8%) showed nystagmus without any symptomatology. At 1 month after surgery none of the patients complained about vestibular symptoms.ConclusionCO2 laser stapedotomy is a safe and effective technique, which allows to obtain good functional results with minimal perioperative cochleo‐vestibular trauma.© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The LncRNA FGD5‐AS1/miR‐497‐5p axis regulates septin 2 (SEPT2) to accelerate cancer progression and increase cisplatin‐resistance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Kaibin , Yu Pingyang , Zhang Cong , Yuan Zhennan , Zhang Hailin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAberrant expression or mutation of the Septin gene family is closely associated with cancer progression, and septin 2 (SEPT2) exerts its tumor‐promoting effects in multiple cancers, but its role in regulating laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression and drug resistance has not been investigated. Based on the published data, the present study identified that SEPT2 promoted cancer progression and increased cisplatin‐resistance in LSCC, and a novel LncRNA FGD5‐AS1/miR‐497‐5p axis was crucial for this process. Mechanistically, SEPT2 tended to be enriched in LSCC tissues and cells, and knock‐down of SEPT2 inhibited cell proliferation, viability, migration, and tumorigenesis in LSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Aside from that, SEPT2 overexpression increased cisplatin resistance in LSCC cells. Next, by conducting the dual‐luciferase reporter gene system assay, we identified that the LncRNA FGD5‐AS1/miR‐497‐5p axis regulated SEPT2 in LSCC. Specifically, LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 sponged miR‐497‐5p to upregulate SEPT2 in LSCC cells in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms‐dependent manner. Interestingly, upregulated LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 and downregulated miR‐497‐5p were observed in LSCC tissues and cells, and LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 ablation inhibited cancer progression. Also, LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 overexpression increased cisplatin‐resistance in LSCC by modulating the miR‐497‐5p/SEPT2 axis. Collectively, we conclude that targeting the LncRNA FGD5‐AS1/miR‐497‐5p/SEPT2 signaling cascade may be an alternative strategy to treat LSCC in the clinic.
Deep learning‐based cardiac cine segmentation: Transfer learning application to 7T ultrahigh‐field MRI
Authors: Ankenbrand Markus Johannes , Lohr David , Schlötelburg Wiebke , Reiter Theresa , Wech Tobias , Schreiber Laura Maria 
Published: May 2021

PurposeArtificial neural networks show promising performance in automatic segmentation of cardiac MRI. However, training requires large amounts of annotated data and generalization to different vendors, field strengths, sequence parameters, and pathologies is limited. Transfer learning addresses this challenge, but specific recommendations regarding type and amount of data required is lacking. In this study, we assess data requirements for transfer learning to experimental cardiac MRI at 7T where the segmentation task can be challenging. In addition, we provide guidelines, tools, and annotated data to enable transfer learning approaches by other researchers and clinicians.MethodsA publicly available segmentation model was used to annotate a publicly available data set. This labeled data set was subsequently used to train a neural network for segmentation of left ventricle and myocardium in cardiac cine MRI. The network is used as starting point for transfer learning to 7T cine data of healthy volunteers (n = 22; 7873 images) by updating the pre‐trained weights. Structured and random data subsets of different sizes were used to systematically assess data requirements for successful transfer learning.ResultsInconsistencies in the publically available data set were corrected, labels created, and a neural network trained. On 7T cardiac cine images the model pre‐trained on public imaging data, acquired at 1.5T and 3T, achieved DICELV = 0.835 and DICEMY = 0.670. Transfer learning using 7T cine data and ImageNet weight initialization improved model performance to DICELV = 0.900 and DICEMY = 0.791. Using only end‐systolic and end‐diastolic images reduced training data by 90%, with no negative impact on segmentation performance (DICELV = 0.908, DICEMY = 0.805).ConclusionsThis work demonstrates and quantifies the benefits of transfer learning for cardiac cine image segmentation. We provide practical guidelines for researchers planning transfer learning projects in cardiac MRI and make data, models, and code publicly available.
Sources of systematic error in DCE‐MRI estimation of low‐level blood‐brain barrier leakage
Authors: Manning Cameron , Stringer Michael , Dickie Ben , Clancy Una , Valdés Hernandez Maria C. , Wiseman Stewart J. , Garcia Daniela Jaime , Sakka Eleni , Backes Walter H. , Ingrisch Michael , Chappell Francesca , Doubal Fergus , Buckley Craig , Parkes Laura M. , Parker Geoff J. M. , Marshall Ian , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Thrippleton Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) ‐MRI with Patlak model analysis is increasingly used to quantify low‐level blood‐brain barrier (BBB) leakage in studies of pathophysiology. We aimed to investigate systematic errors due to physiological, experimental, and modeling factors influencing quantification of the permeability‐surface area product PS and blood plasma volume vp, and to propose modifications to reduce the errors so that subtle differences in BBB permeability can be accurately measured.MethodsSimulations were performed to predict the effects of potential sources of systematic error on conventional PS and vp quantification: restricted BBB water exchange, reduced cerebral blood flow, arterial input function (AIF) delay and error. The impact of targeted modifications to the acquisition and processing were evaluated, including: assumption of fast versus no BBB water exchange, bolus versus slow injection of contrast agent, exclusion of early data from model fitting and correction. The optimal protocol was applied in a cohort of recent mild ischaemic stroke patients.ResultsSimulation results demonstrated substantial systematic errors due to the factors investigated (absolute PS error ≤ 4.48 × 10−4 min−1). However, these were reduced (≤0.56 × 10−4 min−1) by applying modifications to the acquisition and processing pipeline. Processing modifications also had substantial effects on in‐vivo normal‐appearing white matter PS estimation (absolute change ≤ 0.45 × 10−4 min−1).ConclusionMeasuring subtle BBB leakage with DCE‐MRI presents unique challenges and is affected by several confounds that should be considered when acquiring or interpreting such data. The evaluated modifications should improve accuracy in studies of neurodegenerative diseases involving subtle BBB breakdown.
Low‐voltage polymer‐dielectric‐based organic field‐effect transistors and applications
Authors: Guo Shujing , Wang Zhongwu , Chen Xiaosong , Li Lin , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are of great significance in next‐generation optoelectronics and have made remarkable advances during the last decade. For the commercialization of OFETs, power consumption is one of the main issues needed to be addressed. To this end, OFETs with low‐voltage operation are constructed, and several strategies have been successively developed, which have attracted intensive attention for researchers to achieve this goal. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of various approaches for realizing low‐voltage OFETs, including adopting high‐k dielectrics, ultra‐thin dielectric, electrolyte dielectric, and interface engineering. Besides, the potential applications of low‐voltage OFETs in organic electronics are introduced. Finally, we give a brief outlook of this area for the future direction.
Urinary side effects of psychotropic drugs: A systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Trinchieri Margherita , Perletti Gianpaolo , Magri Vittorio , Stamatiou Konstantinos , Montanari Emanuele , Trinchieri Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of psychotropic drugs on bladder function.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was carried out by searching PubMed and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials enrolling patients treated with psychotropic drugs with available information on treatment‐related urinary disorders.ResultsA total of 52 studies was selected. In antidepressant therapy, bladder voiding symptoms, rather than storage symptoms, were more frequently observed. Pooled analysis demonstrated a higher odds ratio (OR) of voiding disorders in comparison with placebo (OR: 3.30; confidence interval [CI]: 1.90–5.72; 7856 participants; p < 0.001). Odds for voiding dysfunction was higher for tricyclic antidepressants and for Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) when compared to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Treatment with antipsychotics was associated with heterogeneous urinary disorders including emptying and storage disorders. OR for incontinence in patients with dementia taking antipsychotics was higher than placebo (OR: 4.09; CI: 1.71–9.79, p = 0.002) with no difference between different atypical antipsychotics. Rate of voiding disorders was not different between conventional and atypical antipsychotics (OR: 1.64; CI: 0.79–3.39, p = 0.19), although quetiapine showed higher odds to cause voiding dysfunction than other atypical antipsychotics (OR: 2.14; CI: 1.41–3.26; p > 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients taking tricyclic antidepressants or SNRIs, bladder voiding disorders, could be the side effects of therapy rather than symptoms of a urological disease. Patients treated with these drugs should be actively monitored for the appearance of urinary symptoms. Antipsychotic treatment is associated with various urinary side effects requiring a tailored approach.
Establishment of evidence‐based nursing review indicators for airway management of adult critical patients and analysis of obstacle factors
Authors: Yujiao Yan , Juan Ding , Xurui Zeng , Hong Wang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo select and obtain relevant evidence of airway management in adult critically ill patients at home and abroad, formulate clinical quality review indicators based on evidence and analyse obstacle factors and promoting factors in evidence‐based nursing practice. To promote standardized ICU airway management evidence‐based nursing practice to provide the basis.DesignObstacle factor analysis.MethodsTake the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence‐based healthcare model as theoretical guidance, establish evidence‐based problems, form a team, systematically search for literature, evaluate quality and summarize evidence, establish quality review indicators and review methods, analyse obstacles and facilitating factors based on the review results and formulate corresponding action strategies.ResultsAccording to the 29 best evidences, 21 review indicators were developed. Through the results of clinical quality review, the main barriers to evidence‐based practice were analysed: the lack of nurse training and relevant evidence‐based knowledge at the practitioner level, the lack of standardized procedures for airway management and the lack of materials at the system level.ConclusionThere is a big gap between airway management evidence and clinical practice in critically ill adult patients. Therefore, improvement measures should be formulated for obstacle factors to promote effective transformation of evidence into clinical practice.