bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid self‐learning controller for restoration of voltage power quality using optimized multilayer neural network
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Arya Sabha Raj , Mistry Khyati D. , Giri Ashutosh K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to develop a hybrid predictor based on intelligence techniques for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to estimate the reference load voltage and self‐tuned voltage regulation to enhance voltage power quality issues. The best fitted predictor model is obtained by using the potential merits of metaheuristic algorithms coupled with Antlion Optimization (ALO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). This article proposes ALO optimized multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) control algorithm for appropriate selection of weights and biases to generate the subsequent switching signal with lower error rates for load voltage estimation. The ANFIS‐GA control algorithm is implemented for automatic tuning of fuzzy rules with fewer membership functions (MFs) to obtain the perfect ANFIS (Takagi–Sugeno) predictive models for effective DC and AC link voltage regulation. The proposed hybrid controller counteracts the drawbacks of traditional ANN such as early convergence, slow learning mechanism, less probability of local entrapment, and difficulties to achieve the estimated target under parametric uncertainties, namely, sag, swell, unbalance, and distortion. The accuracy of the prediction model is computed by considering the error indices for the training and testing data set. The result confirms that the hybrid system ALO‐MLP NN establishes satisfactory performance in extracting the reference with the least error values.
Conspecific and congeneric interactions shape increasing rates of breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls
Authors: Jenkins Julianna M. A. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Forsman Eric D. , Dugger Katie M. , Ackers Steven H. , Andrews L. Steven , Gremel Scott A. , Hollen Bruce , McCafferty Chris E. , Pruett M. Shane , Reid Janice A. , Sovern Stan G. , Wiens J. David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreeding dispersal, the movement from one breeding territory to another, is rare for philopatric species that evolved within relatively stable environments, such as the old‐growth coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Although dispersal is not inherently maladaptive, the consequences of increased dispersal on population dynamics in populations whose historical dispersal rates are low could be significant, particularly for a declining species. We examined rates and possible causes of breeding dispersal based on a sample of 4,118 northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) monitored in seven study areas over 28 yr, 1990–2017, in Oregon and Washington, USA. Using a multistate mark–resight analysis, we investigated the potential impacts of an emergent congeneric competitor (barred owl Strix varia) and forest alteration (extrinsic factors), and social and individual conditions (intrinsic factors) on 408 successive and 1,372 nonsuccessive dispersal events between years. The annual probability of breeding dispersal increased for individual owls that had also dispersed in the previous year and decreased for owls on territories with historically high levels of reproduction. Intrinsic factors including pair status, prior reproductive success, and experience at a site, were also associated with breeding dispersal movements. The percent of monitored owls dispersing each year increased from ˜7% early in the study to ˜25% at the end of the study, which coincided with a rapid increase in numbers of invasive and competitively dominant barred owls. We suggest that the results presented here can inform spotted owl conservation efforts as we identify factors contributing to changing rates of demographic parameters including site fidelity and breeding dispersal. Our study further shows that increasing rates of breeding dispersal associated with population declines contribute to population instability and vulnerability of northern spotted owls to extinction, and the prognosis is unlikely to change unless active management interventions are undertaken.
Thermal traits predict the winners and losers under climate change: an example from North American ant communities
Authors: Roeder Karl A. , Bujan Jelena , de Beurs Kirsten M. , Weiser Michael D. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcross the globe, temperatures are predicted to increase with consequences for many taxonomic groups. Arthropods are particularly at risk as temperature imposes physiological constraints on growth, survival, and reproduction. Given that arthropods may be disproportionately affected in a warmer climate—the question becomes which taxa are vulnerable and can we predict the supposed winners and losers of climate change? To address this question, we resurveyed 33 ant communities, quantifying 20‐yr differences in the incidence of 28 genera. Each North American ant community was surveyed with 30 1‐m2 plots, and the incidence of each genus across the 30 plots was used to estimate change. From the original surveys in 1994–1997 to the resurveys in 2016–2017, temperature increased on average 1°C (range, −0.4°C to 2.5°C) and ~64% of ant genera increased in more than half of the sampled communities. To test Thermal Performance Theory's prediction that genera with higher average thermal limits will tend to accumulate at the expense of those with lower limits, we quantified critical thermal maxima (CTmax: the high temperatures at which they lose muscle control) and minima (CTmin: the low temperatures at which ants first become inactive) for common genera at each site. Consistent with prediction, we found a positive decelerating relationship between CTmax and the proportion of sites in which a genus had increased. CTmin, by contrast, was not a useful predictor of change. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85) between the proportion of sites where a genus was found with higher incidence after 20 yr and the average difference in number of plots occupied per site, suggesting genera with high CTmax values tended to occupy more plots at more sites after 20 yr. Thermal functional traits like CTmax have thus proved useful in predicting patterns of long‐term community change in a dominant, diverse insect taxon.
Calorimetric Study of Functionalized Uranyl Peroxide Nanoclusters and Their Monomeric Building Block
Authors: Traustason Hrafn , Caranto Kiana , Burns Peter C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe description of the energy landscape of polyoxometalates (POMs) enriches our understanding of their solution behavior through quantitative information that can be used to predict their existence, stability, and properties. Herein, we report thermodynamic values that describe the energy landscape of four uranyl peroxide nanoclusters (UPCs) (LiRb−U@U24, LiNa−U24Pp12, NaK−U24Pp12, and U60Ox30) and a building block of UPCs, lithium uranyl triperoxide monomer (Li−UT). The results reveal relationships between the affinity of counter cations and the anionic uranyl peroxide units, enthalpy of dissolution, as well as enthalpy of crystallization and cluster solubility. Additionally, the calorimetric measurements of Li−UT allowed us to calculate a favorable enthalpy of formation of Li−U24 and Li−U28 from their monomeric units.
Cyclometallation of Heavier Tetrylenes: Reported Complexes and Applications in Catalysis
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , García‐Álvarez Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeavier tetrylenes (HTs), which are the heavier analogues of carbenes, have been used as ligands in transition metal chemistry for more than 50 years. Having in mind that cyclometallation is a valuable tool to modify ligand scaffolds, with important implications in inorganic and organic chemistry, this microreview discusses in detail the reactions that have afforded complexes with cyclometallated HTs. To date, eight HT ligands, covering only silylenes and germylenes, have been reported to undergo cyclometallation, all of them on late transition metals. Structural and spectroscopic data of the isolated complexes as well as mechanistic information related to the cyclometallation processes are collected and discussed. Additionally, this minireview also surveys the catalytic applications found so far for cyclometallated HT complexes.
A Scalable High‐Yielding and Selective Oxidative Heck Cross‐Coupling – A Key Step for the Synthesis of trans‐Stilbenes
Authors: Cirillo Davide , Karlsson Staffan , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA selective oxidative Heck cross‐coupling method was developed and optimized as a pivotal step for a synthetic route leading to the trans‐stilbene framework. The developed method and synthesis were needed in a SAR study in progress that concerned design and development of an inhibitor for the human cell xCT antiporter system. The developed oxidative Heck cross‐coupling method was examined with a variety of substrates and reagents to produce a library of different substituted trans‐stilbenes, which revealed the method to hold a very good tolerance for an assortment of functional groups. The final synthetic route was successfully scaled‐up (from mg scale) and performed in a 150 g (>1000×up‐scaled) batch run to obtain an overall yield of 73 % (over three steps), which corresponds to a mean step yield of 90 %. The inhibitor candidate DC10 [(E)‐5‐(2‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)vinyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid] was produced in multi‐gram quantities (≈33 g) that subsequently was forwarded for animal efficacy and toxicology studies. The scaled‐up process constitutes the first example of an oxidative Heck cross‐coupling on >100‐gram scale.
Design and operation of magnetophoretic systems at microscale: Device and particle approaches
Authors: Chong Wai Hong , Leong Sim Siong , Lim JitKang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombining both device and particle designs are the essential concepts to be considered in magnetophoretic system development. Researcher efforts are often dedicated to only one of these design aspects and neglecting the interplay between them. Herein, to bring out importance of the idea of integration between device and particle, we reviewed the working principle of magnetophoretic system (includes both device and particle design concepts). Since, the magnetophoretic force is influenced by both field gradient and magnetization volume, hence, accurate prediction of the magnetophoretic force is relying on the availability of information on both parameters. In device design, we focus on the different strategies used to create localized high‐field gradient. For particle design, we emphasize on the scaling between hydrodynamic size and magnetization volume. Moreover, we also briefly discussed the importance of magnetoshape anisotropy related to particle design aspect of magnetophoretic systems. Next, we illustrated the need for integration between device and particle design using microscale applications of magnetophoretic systems, include magnetic tweezers and microfluidic systems, as our working example. On the basis of our discussion, we highlighted several promising examples of microscale magnetophoretic systems which greatly utilized the interplay between device and particle design. Further, we concluded the review with several factors that possibly resulted in the lack of research efforts related to device and particle design integration.
How much time is enough? Establishing an optimal duration of recording for ambulatory video EEG
Authors: Klein Hans , Pang Trudy , Slater Jeremy , Ramsay Richard Eugene 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveAmbulatory video EEG allows for extended recording of EEG in the comfort of a patient's home. However, the optimal duration of recording to capture clinical events is yet to be established. The current study uses retrospective analyses to identify an optimal recording duration for at‐home video EEG.MethodsA retrospective review was performed utilizing an anonymized database of ambulatory video EEG recordings performed between March and September 2020 with a national in‐home EEG provider. Only completed assessments with neurologists' reads of raw data were reviewed, resulting in 3644 unique studies divided into three age cohorts: pediatrics (n = 941), adult (n = 2020), and geriatric (n = 683). Cohorts were characterized by assessment yield and time to first typical clinical event, as well as subsequent typical events over duration of recording.ResultsFrequency distributions reveal over half of first events are captured within 12 hours, but longer recording durations capture a much wider majority of both first typical events, as well as the mean number of subsequent events (5 clinical events). In 72 hours, over 97% of first events were observed in adult and geriatric patients, as well as over 95% of the mean number of subsequent events. In children, time to first event was significantly earlier than either adult or geriatric samples, with 98% of first events, and 92.8% of the mean number of subsequent events being observed in 48 hours.SignificanceThese results from a large‐scale, national dataset of patients using in‐home EEG monitoring suggests recording at least 48 hours in duration for children, and at least 72 hours in duration for adult and geriatric samples, is optimal to maximize the likelihood of observing typical clinical events to facilitate diagnosis.
Optimization of combined microwave and hot air drying technology for purple cabbage by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Xiangli , Yang Yanmin , Wei Haixiang , Xue Liping , Zhao Min , Cai Jinxiu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurple cabbage is one of the world's most widely consumed vegetables with high nutritional values containing the antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory activity of anthocyanins, vitamins, and minerals. But due to rapid postharvest quality decay, novel processing techniques including drying are required. In order to determine the conditions of combined microwave and hot air drying for purple cabbage, factors affecting the drying process including microwave density, hot air temperature, and the dry base water content at conversion point were investigated using the anthocyanin content, DPPH antioxidant capacity, chewiness, △E, rehydration ratio, and average drying rate as responses. The combined drying conditions were optimized considering three independent variables at three different levels by response surface methodology. The results showed that the processing parameters of purple cabbage with combined microwave and hot air drying technology were microwave density at 2.5 W/g, moisture content of conversion point at 4.0 g/g, and hot air temperature at 55°C. Under these conditions, the anthocyanin content, DPPH antioxidant capacity, chewiness, △E, rehydration ratio, average drying rate, and overall score of the dried purple cabbage were 175.87 mg/100 g, 87.59%, 4,521.468 g, 26.5, 4.3, 0.76 g/min, and 0.785, respectively. Therefore, combined microwave and hot air drying technology is an effective, suitable method for drying purple cabbage.
Mercury enrichment in anthrosols and adjacent coastal sediments at a Classic Maya site, Marco Gonzalez, Belize
Authors: Turner Simon , Graham Elizabeth , Macphail Richard , Duncan Lindsay , Rose Neil L. , Yang Handong , Whittet Richard , Rosique‐Esplugas Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElevated concentrations of total mercury (THg) are found in the surface soils and flanking wetland sediments at the Classic Maya coastal site of Marco Gonzalez, Belize. Significant concentrations (up to 1.3 µg·g−1dry mass) of THg occur in leaf litter‐rich soils, as well as in the artefact‐rich anthrosol spread over the vegetated mound site of structures and occupation debris. The abundance and spatial pattern of major and trace elements measured in the surface soils indicate both site‐scale controlling factors of topography, structures and vegetation on soil geochemistry as well as local highs in concentration compared with background, due to human activity. Geochemical stratigraphy of wetland sediment cores shows that a shift from carbonate‐reef sediments to mangrove peat in the 13th century AD was attended by an input of allogenic (mineral) elements, including mercury. A THg concentration peak (0.8 μg·g−1) in brackish pool sediment is210Pb‐dated to 1960–1970 AD, but the incorporation of mercury in multiple cores adjacent to the site shows increasing mercury inputs to have occurred before, during Classic‐period Maya occupation and following the sites abandonment. Analysis of element values from site‐scale soil sampling, combined with results from off‐site cores, provides a numerical framework upon which outlier values of THg and other element spatial patterns can be assessed, especially the spatial co‐association of elements related to differences in soil–sediment matrices. Geochemical results from active soils developing from occupation deposits (anthrosols) and sediment cores open up questions concerning contemporary and past mercury accumulation at coastal Mayan sites, and the wider interaction of human and natural biogeochemical processes that occur in human‐modified soils and coastal wetland sediments.
Exploring the relationship between anthropomorphism and theory‐of‐mind in brain and behaviour
Authors: Hortensius Ruud , Kent Michaela , Darda Kohinoor M. , Jastrzab Laura , Koldewyn Kami , Ramsey Richard , Cross Emily S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe process of understanding the minds of other people, such as their emotions and intentions, is mimicked when individuals try to understand an artificial mind. The assumption is that anthropomorphism, attributing human‐like characteristics to non‐human agents and objects, is an analogue to theory‐of‐mind, the ability to infer mental states of other people. Here, we test to what extent these two constructs formally overlap. Specifically, using a multi‐method approach, we test if and how anthropomorphism is related to theory‐of‐mind using brain (Experiment 1) and behavioural (Experiment 2) measures. In a first exploratory experiment, we examine the relationship between dispositional anthropomorphism and activity within the theory‐of‐mind brain network (n = 108). Results from a Bayesian regression analysis showed no consistent relationship between dispositional anthropomorphism and activity in regions of the theory‐of‐mind network. In a follow‐up, pre‐registered experiment, we explored the relationship between theory‐of‐mind and situational and dispositional anthropomorphism in more depth. Participants (n = 311) watched a short movie while simultaneously completing situational anthropomorphism and theory‐of‐mind ratings, as well as measures of dispositional anthropomorphism and general theory‐of‐mind. Only situational anthropomorphism predicted the ability to understand and predict the behaviour of the film's characters. No relationship between situational or dispositional anthropomorphism and general theory‐of‐mind was observed. Together, these results suggest that while the constructs of anthropomorphism and theory‐of‐mind might overlap in certain situations, they remain separate and possibly unrelated at the personality level. These findings point to a possible dissociation between brain and behavioural measures when considering the relationship between theory‐of‐mind and anthropomorphism.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Involving C−O Bond Activation
Authors: Morishige Aoi , Iyori Yasuaki , Chatani Naoto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of ortho‐phenoxy‐substituted aromatic amides with aryl boronates is described. The use of LiOtBu is crucial for the success of the reaction. An amidate anion, which is formed through deprotonation of the amide NH bond by LiOtBu, functions as a directing group to activate a C−O bond.
Alcohol consumption induces murine osteoporosis by downregulation of natural killer T‐like cell activity
Authors: Naruo Munehiro , Negishi Yasuyuki , Okuda Takahisa , Katsuyama Midori , Okazaki Ken , Morita Rimpei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionChronic alcohol consumption (CAC) can induce several deleterious effects on the body, including the promotion of osteoporosis; however, the immunological mechanism underlying alcohol‐induced osteoporosis is still unclear.MethodsWe administered alcohol to mice for 4 weeks as the experimental CAC model and analyzed the bone and immune cells that are located in the vicinity of a bone.ResultsIL‐4 is known to be a suppressive factor for osteoclastogenesis, and we found that natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells, which showed NK1.1‐positive, CD3‐positive, and α‐galactosylceramide‐loaded CD1d tetramer‐negative, produced IL‐4 more effectively than CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. The alcohol consumption facilitated a significant decrease of bone mineral density with the upregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand expression. Meanwhile, we confirmed that alcohol consumption suppressed the activity of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and NKT‐like cells, leading to decreased IL‐4 secretion. Moreover, these harmful effects of alcohol consumption were reduced by simultaneous treatment with a glycolipid antigen OCH.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the inactivation of innate immune cells, APCs, and NKT‐like cells are likely to be crucial for alcohol‐induced osteoporosis and provide a new therapeutic approach for preventing osteoporosis.
Canadian consensus onTRK‐inhibitortherapy forNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma
Authors: Simmons Christine , Deyell Rebecca J. , MacNeill Andrea J. , Vera‐Badillo Francisco E. , Smrke Alannah , Abdul Razak Albiruni R. , Banerji Shantanu , McLeod Deanna , Noujaim Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMalignant sarcomas are rare accounting for <1% of all adult solid malignancies and approximately 11% to 13% of all pediatric malignancies. TRK‐inhibitors have demonstrated robust and long‐lasting responses in patients withNTRKfusion‐positive solid tumors, including sarcoma. Access to these agents in many jurisdictions such as Canada remains limited. We undertook a modified Delphi consensus to articulate and convey the clinical importance of these agents for the Canadian sarcoma community. A systematic search of published and presented literature was conducted to identify clinical trials reporting outcomes on the use of TRK‐inhibitors in relapsed/refractoryNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma. Three main consensus questions were identified: (a) is there currently an unmet clinical need for systemic therapy options in relapsed/refractory sarcoma? (b) do TRK‐inhibitors confer a clinical benefit to patients withNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma? (c) do phase I/II basket trials provide sufficient evidence to justify funding of TRK‐inhibitors inNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma? Response rates to the first and second surveys were 57% (n = 30) and 42% (n = 22), respectively. There was strong agreement among the Canadian sarcoma community that there was unmet clinical need for effective systemic therapy options in relapsed/refractory sarcoma, that TRK‐inhibitors are a safe and effective treatment option for patients withNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma, and that available phase I/II basket trials provide sufficient evidence to support funding of these agents in relapsed/refractoryNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma. TRK‐inhibitors are a safe and effective systemic therapy option for patients with relapsed/refractoryNTRKfusion‐positive sarcoma.