bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging features of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34‐mutant: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Baba Akira , Kurokawa Mariko , Pinarbasi Emile S. , Makise Naohiro , Ota Yoshiaki , Kim John , Srinivasan Ashok , Moritani Toshio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeDiffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34‐mutant (DHGs‐G34m), are newly recognized malignant brain tumors characterized by histone gene mutations. However, the neuroradiologic characteristics of these tumors require elucidation. We reviewed the demographic, clinical, and neuroradiological features of DHGs‐G34m.MethodsData were extracted using a database search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar in June 2021. Studies assessing pathologically proven DHGs‐G34m with each patient's information and neuroradiological findings were included. After screening and reviewing 332 abstracts, 12 articles including 56 cases met the criteria. We also added the findings for three patients evaluated in our hospital. Two board‐certified radiologists reviewed all demographic, clinical, and neuroradiological findings of each study. One board‐certified pathologist reviewed all pathological data of each study. Kaplan–Meier analyses with log‐rank tests were performed to compare the survival between patients with different tumor margin characteristics (well‐delineated and ill‐defined).ResultsThe median patient age at diagnosis was 19 years (range, 6–66 years), and 31/59 patients (52.5%) were men. Supratentorial tumors were observed in all patients (59/59, 100%). Frequent contact with leptomeninges (92.3%) and ependymal regions (87.5%) was observed. The 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates after initial surgery were 66.7% and 40.0%, respectively. DHGs‐G34m with ill‐defined and well‐delineated margins showed significant differences in survival (p = .04).ConclusionsDHGs‐G34m occur most often in the supratentorial regions of adolescents. Prognosis varies among patients. Evaluation of tumor margins may provide prognostic value.
The critical role of nuclear factor I‐C in tooth development
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Xie Xudong , Zhao Lei , Wu Yafei , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesNuclear factor I‐C (NFIC) plays a critical role in regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal crosstalk during tooth development. However, it remains largely unknown about how NFIC functions in dentin and enamel formation. In the present review, we aim to summarize the most recent discoveries in the field and gain a better understanding of the roles NFIC performs during tooth formation.Subjects and MethodsNfic−/− mice exhibit human dentin dysplasia type I (DDI)‐like phenotypes signified by enlarged pulp chambers, the presence of short‐root anomaly, and failure of odontoblast differentiation. Although loss of NFIC has little effect on molar crown morphology, researchers have detected aberrant microstructures of enamel in the incisors. Recently, accumulating evidence has further uncovered the novel function of NFIC in the process of enamel and dentin formation.ResultsDuring epithelial‐mesenchyme crosstalk, the expression of NFIC is under the control of SHH‐PTCH‐SMO‐GLI1 pathway. NFIC is closely involved in odontoblast lineage cells proliferation and differentiation, and the maintenance of NFIC protein level in cytoplasm is negatively regulated by TGF‐β signaling pathway. In addition, NFIC has mild effect on ameloblast differentiation, enamel mineralization and cementum formation.ConclusionsNFIC plays an important role in tooth development and is required for the formation of dentin, enamel as well as cementum.
Spontaneous reduction age for ovarian hernia in early infancy
Authors: Fukuhara Masahiro , Onishi Shun , Handa Noritoshi , Sato Tomoe , Esumi Genshiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany articles recommend early surgery for ovarian hernia to avoid the risk of ovarian torsion. However, while ovarian hernia is known to undergo spontaneous reduction (SR) in early infancy, few reports have described the timing of SR. We therefore investigated the clinical features of SR for ovarian hernia in early infancy.MethodsA total of 610 girls were diagnosed with inguinal hernia between 2008 and 2018. We focused on infants who had an ovarian hernia onset in the first 3 months of age. We reviewed the age retrospectively at the onset of hernia and age at SR. The data were compared statistically using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsSixty‐one infants with inguinal hernia were included in this study. Thirty‐nine patients (64%) had ovarian hernia. The mean age at the onset of hernia was 44 ± 17 days of age. Thirty cases underwent SR (77%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that 75% of ovarian hernias underwent SR by 6 months of age. There were no cases of ovarian torsion.ConclusionsMost cases of ovarian hernia underwent SR, so patients with ovarian hernia in early infancy might be treated by elective surgery after 6 months of age.
Novel technique for recanalization of severe hepaticojejunal obstruction using a transseptal needle in a pediatric liver transplant recipient
Authors: Sasaki Kengo , Ota Hideki , Miyagi Shigehito , Tokodai Kazuaki , Fujio Atsushi , Kashiwadate Toshiaki , Miyazawa Koji , Matsumura Muneyuki , Saitoh Yoshikatsu , Kanai Norifumi , Nishimaki Hiroyasu , Takase Kei , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic and PTB interventions are common nonsurgical interventions for biliary anastomotic strictures that occur after liver transplantation. When these nonsurgical interventions fail, surgical re‐anastomosis is considered; however, this is quite invasive and can cause additional injury that may lead to graft loss. We report a case in which conventional nonsurgical interventions failed, but a new method that involve the use of a transseptal needle—a device to create a transseptal left‐heart access during cardiac catheter interventions—was successfully used in recanalization of the hepaticojejunal anastomotic obstruction.CaseA 21‐year‐old man, who had received living‐donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia at the age of 23 months presented with recurrent cholangitis and liver dysfunction due to a biliary anastomotic stricture of the hepaticojejunostomy. Therapeutic interventions for biliary stricture, including the PTB approach, double‐balloon enteroscopic approach, and rendezvous approach failed. We then performed needle puncture of the anastomotic obstruction using a transseptal needle and succeeded in recanalizing the complete anastomotic obstruction. To perform the procedures safely, we evaluated the organ and needle positions using biplane fluoroscopy and placed a balloon in the afferent jejunal limb as a target for puncture. The 12 Fr catheter via the biliary route was removed 7 months after the procedure, without using a catheter, there was no recurrent stricture or cholangitis for 26 months.ConclusionUsing a transseptal needle to manage hepaticojejunal anastomotic obstruction can reduce the number of patients who need surgical re‐anastomosis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: October 2021

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 5 ALI DARUB KASSAR, Univ. of Baghdad, IraqAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAndualem Ufo Baza, Wolaita Sodo University, EthiopiaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASebastian Schich, Organisation for Economic Coopertaion and Development (OECD), FranceVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Parametric Effects of Heater Size, Contact Angle, and Surrounding Vessel Size on Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux From Horizontal Surfaces
Authors: She Zhenyu , Dhir Vijay K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Saturated water at one-atmosphere pressure was boiled on horizontal flat copper disks of diameters 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm, respectively. The contact angle was varied from about 10 to 80 deg by controlling thermal oxidation of the disks, while the surrounding vessel size was changed by placing glass tubes of different inner diameters around the disks. Nucleate boiling heat transfer data were obtained up to critical heat flux (CHF), where vapor removal pattern was photographed. Vapor jet diameter and the dominant wavelength at water–steam interface were measured from the photographs for the well wetted disks. For well wetted surfaces, the magnitude of CHF increased when the heater size was reduced from 2.0 to 1.0 cm. Improving the wettability enhanced the CHF substantially, whereas the increased size of the liquid-holding vessel had a smaller effect. The highest measured CHF is 233 W/cm2 or 2.11 times Zuber's CHF prediction for infinite horizontal flat plates. It was obtained on a 1.0-cm-diameter disk of contact angle about 10 deg surrounded by a large vessel. The CHF for this surface was increased from 203 to 233 W/cm2 when the ratio of heater size to surrounding vessel size was decreased from 1 to about 0.
Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer Inside a Gas Turbine Mid-Passage Gap
Authors: Shaikh Faisal , Rosic Budimir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gas turbine blades and vanes are typically manufactured with small clearances between adjacent vane and blade platforms, termed the mid-passage gap. The mid-passage gap reduces turbine efficiency and causes significant additional heat load into the vane platform. This paper presents a new low-order analytical model to quantify the effects of the mid-passage gap on aerodynamics and heat transfer, based only on geometric features and the passage static pressure field. This model is used to calculate losses and heat transfer due to the gap and to derive ideal distributions of purge flow which prevent ingress into the gap. A further simplified estimation method for the effect of gap flow is also presented, so that for any machine the significance of the gap can be quickly assessed based only on geometry and operating conditions. The analysis is validated against both an experimental campaign in a high-speed linear cascade and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics.
Precise Runtime Analysis for Plateau Functions
Authors: Antipov Denis , Doerr Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

To gain a better theoretical understanding of how evolutionary algorithms (EAs) cope with plateaus of constant fitness, we propose the
n
-dimensional
Plateau

k

function as natural benchmark and analyze how different variants of the (1 + 1) EA optimize it. The
Plateau

k

function has a plateau of second-best fitness in a ball of radius
k
around the optimum. As evolutionary algorithm, we regard the (1 + 1) EA using an arbitrary unbiased mutation operator. Denoting by α the random number of bits flipped in an application of this operator and assuming that
Pr
[α = 1] has at least some small sub-constant value, we show the surprising result that for all constant
k
≥ 2, the runtime
T
follows a distribution close to the geometric one with success probability equal to the probability to flip between 1 and
k
bits divided by the size of the plateau. Consequently, the expected runtime is the inverse of this number, and thus only depends on the probability to flip between 1 and
k
bits, but not on other characteristics of the mutation operator. Our result also implies that the optimal mutation rate for standard bit mutation here is approximately
k/(en)
. Our main analysis tool is a combined analysis of the Markov chains on the search point space and on the Hamming level space, an approach that promises to be useful also for other plateau problems.
The efficacy of multimodal intervention program on mental health states
Authors: Florendo Helena Baldonado , V. del Rosario Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Filipino youths are the hope of Philippine society. However, cigarette smoking and binge drinking continually corrupt this aspiration. Mental health states interplay with the growing setback of substance consumption. The main objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of the multimodal intervention program among the participants in this study. Specifically, it answers the following objectives: i) Develop an intervention program to address the high anxiety, mild depression, and normal self-esteem of the participants and ii) Determine the significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test intervention measures. A matched-group experimental design was carried out among the participants who were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group. There were forty participants who met the criteria set by the researchers. When the multimodal intervention program was tested using t-test to analyze the findings at .05 level, it yielded significant results. Based on the findings of the study, the developed multimodal intervention program appeared to be effective. A follow-up study may be conducted to further test the efficacy.
Discounting under Severe Weather Threat
Authors: Cox David J. , Losee Joy E. , Webster Gregory D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe human and economic costs of severe weather damage can be mitigated by appropriate preparation. Despite the benefits, researchers have only begun to examine if known decision-making frameworks apply to severe weather–related decisions. Using experiments, we found that a hyperbolic discounting function accurately described participant decisions to prepare for, and respond to, severe weather, although only delays of 1 month or longer significantly changed decisions to evacuate, suggesting that severe weather that is not imminent does not affect evacuation decisions. In contrast, the probability that a storm would impact the participant influenced evacuation and resource allocation decisions. To influence people’s evacuation decisions, weather forecasters and community planners should focus on disseminating probabilistic information when focusing on short-term weather threats (e.g., hurricanes); delay information appears to affect people’s evacuation decision only for longer-term threats, which may hold promise for climate change warnings.
A Closer Look at “Taller‐Than‐Wide” Thyroid Nodules: Examining Dimension Ratio to Predict Malignancy
Authors: Mattingly Aviva S. , Noel Julia E. , Orloff Lisa A. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate nodule height‐to‐width ratio as a continuous variable predicting likelihood of thyroid malignancy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAll study information was collected from a single academic tertiary care hospital.MethodsSubjects included adult patients with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroid surgery between 2010 and 2020. The following variables were collected: patient demographics, nodule dimensions via ultrasound, fine‐needle aspiration biopsy results, and surgical pathology results. Statistical analysis included logistic regression modeling malignancy with variables of interest. We used a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the discriminatory value of variables.ResultsHeight‐to‐width ratio, as a continuous variable, was associated with malignancy (with each 0.1 increase in ratio; odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.37). The same relationship was true for height‐to‐length ratio (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.24‐1.56). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for height‐to‐width ratio was 63.7%. In line with current emphasis on the transverse ultrasound view, we determined 4 different height‐to‐width ratio intervals: <0.8, 0.8 to <1.0, 1.0 to <1.5, and ≥1.5. Likelihood ratios of malignancy for each interval were 0.6, 1.0, 2.3, and 4.9, respectively.ConclusionOur results support the association between greater height‐to‐width ratio and malignancy but suggest that a multilevel rather than binary variable improves prediction. The likelihood ratios at different intervals give a more nuanced view of how height‐to‐width ratio predicts malignancy. With continuing review of guidelines for thyroid nodule biopsy, it is important to consider these data for any point total attributed to shape.
Machine learning for lung texture analysis on thin-section CT: Capability for assessments of disease severity and therapeutic effect for connective tissue disease patients in comparison with expert panel evaluations
Authors: Ohno Yoshiharu , Aoyagi Kota , Takenaka Daisuke , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Fujisawa Yasuko , Sugihara Naoki , Hamabuchi Nayu , Hanamatsu Satomu , Obama Yuki , Ueda Takahiro , Hattori Hidekazu , Murayama Kazuhiro , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

Background The need for quantitative assessment of interstitial lung involvement on thin-section computed tomography (CT) has arisen in interstitial lung diseases including connective tissue disease (CTD). Purpose To evaluate the capability of machine learning (ML)-based CT texture analysis for disease severity and treatment response assessments in comparison with qualitatively assessed thin-section CT for patients with CTD. Material and Methods A total of 149 patients with CTD-related ILD (CTD-ILD) underwent initial and follow-up CT scans (total 364 paired serial CT examinations), pulmonary function tests, and serum KL-6 level tests. Based on all follow-up examination results, all paired serial CT examinations were assessed as “Stable” (n = 188), “Worse” (n = 98) and “Improved” (n = 78). Next, quantitative index changes were determined by software, and qualitative disease severity scores were assessed by consensus of two radiologists. To evaluate differences in each quantitative index as well as in disease severity score between paired serial CT examinations, Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test was performed among the three statuses. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine changes in each pulmonary functional parameter and all quantitative indexes between paired serial CT scans. Results Δ% normal lung, Δ% consolidation, Δ% ground glass opacity, Δ% reticulation, and Δdisease severity score showed significant differences among the three statuses ( P < 0.05). All differences in pulmonary functional parameters were significantly affected by Δ% normal lung, Δ% reticulation, and Δ% honeycomb (0.16 ≤r2 ≤0.42; P < 0.05). Conclusion ML-based CT texture analysis has better potential than qualitatively assessed thin-section CT for disease severity assessment and treatment response evaluation for CTD-ILD.
The COVIDPregDK Study: A national survey on pregnancy during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark
Authors: Stokholm Lonny , Schrøder Katja , Nøhr Ellen A. , Rubin Katrine H. , Jørgensen Jan S. , Petersen Lone K. , Bliddal Mette 
Published: October 2021

Aim: We aimed to describe the aim, data collection and content from a survey completed among pregnant women during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. Methods: The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 challenged pregnant women’s mental well-being due to a concern for their unborn child and their need for healthcare services through pregnancy and birth. To explore how the COVID-19 pandemic and the intensified measures such as the lockdown of Denmark impacted pregnant women’s well-being and mental health, we conducted a questionnaire survey in the spring of 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic was at its first peak, and the consequences for pregnant women and the unborn child were very uncertain. All women residing in Denmark and registered with an ongoing pregnancy on 24 April 2020 were invited to participate. The questionnaire included background information, variables on COVID-19 symptoms and validated batteries of questions on loneliness, anxiety, stress, quality of life, meditation and prayers. Additional questions were included to examine concerns related to pregnancy and childbirth during the pandemic. Cohort characteristics: Almost 18,000 women answered the questionnaire, which represents 60% of all invited women who experienced a national lockdown for the first time. Their median age was 30 years, and they were more likely to be multiparous. Conclusions: Data from the COVIDPregDK Study will enable us to gain valuable knowledge on how the pandemic, the intensified measures from the health authorities and the national lockdown affected pregnant women’s mental health and their concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Genome-wide scans for signatures of selection in Mangalarga Marchador horses using high-throughput SNP genotyping
Authors: Santos Wellington B. , Schettini Gustavo P. , Maiorano Amanda M. , Bussiman Fernando O. , Balieiro Júlio C. C. , Ferraz Guilherme C. , Pereira Guilherme L. , Baldassini Welder Angelo , Neto Otávio R. M. , Oliveira Henrique N. , Curi Rogério A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The detection of signatures of selection in genomic regions provides insights into the evolutionary process, enabling discoveries regarding complex phenotypic traits. In this research, we focused on identifying genomic regions affected by different selection pressures, mainly highlighting the recent positive selection, as well as understanding the candidate genes and functional pathways associated with the signatures of selection in the Mangalarga Marchador genome. Besides, we seek to direct the discussion about genes and traits of importance in this breed, especially traits related to the type and quality of gait, temperament, conformation, and locomotor system.

Results
Three different methods were used to search for signals of selection: Tajima’s D (TD), the integrated haplotype score (iHS), and runs of homozygosity (ROH). The samples were composed of males (n = 62) and females (n = 130) that were initially chosen considering well-defined phenotypes for gait: picada (n = 86) and batida (n = 106). All horses were genotyped using a 670 k Axiom® Equine Genotyping Array​ (Axiom MNEC670). In total, 27, 104 (chosen), and 38 candidate genes were observed within the signatures of selection identified in TD, iHS, and ROH analyses, respectively. The genes are acting in essential biological processes. The enrichment analysis highlighted the following functions: anterior/posterior pattern for the set of genes (GLI3, HOXC9, HOXC6, HOXC5, HOXC4, HOXC13, HOXC11, and HOXC10); limb morphogenesis, skeletal system, proximal/distal pattern formation, JUN kinase activity (CCL19 and MAP3K6); and muscle stretch response (MAPK14). Other candidate genes were associated with energy metabolism, bronchodilator response, NADH regeneration, reproduction, keratinization, and the immunological system.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed evidence of signatures of selection in the MM breed that encompass genes acting on athletic performance, limb development, and energy to muscle activity, with the particular involvement of the HOX family genes. The genome of MM is marked by recent positive selection. However, Tajima’s D and iHS results point also to the presence of balancing selection in specific regions of the genome.