bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialized pro-resolving mediators prevents cardiac dysfunction by modulating Ca2+ handling and NRF2 axis
Authors: Val-Blasco A , Prieto P , Jaen R I , Gil-Fernandez M , Pajares M , Domenech N , Jorge I , Vazquez J , Bueno-Sen A , Ruiz-Hurtado G , Crespo-Leiro M G , Cuadrado A , Delgado C , Bosca L , Fernandez-Velasco M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and purpose
Myocarditis is a severe inflammatory heart disease and a leading cause of sudden death in young adults; but currently no specific treatment is available. Lipoxins and their derivatives promote the resolution of inflammation contributing to recover tissue homeostasis; but their role in cardiac inflammation is poorly understood.

Methods and results
BML-111, a stable lipoxin A4 receptor agonist, protects against cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by preventing Ca2+ mishandling. Cardiac proteomic analysis revealed an enhanced cardiac oxidative profile in EAM-induced mice with reduced activation of NRF2, a master antioxidant transcription factor. In vitro analysis showed that 15-epi-lipoxin A4 increased systolic Ca2+ release and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ load in cardiomyocytes isolated from wild-type mice and augmented the rate of SR-Ca2+ uptake by SERCA2a, but failed to induce any functional change in cells from Nrf2−/− mice. BML-111 increased SERCA2a cardiac expression in wild-type mice, and the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 determined SERCA2a expression in human ventricular cells. Human myocarditis-positive myocardium showed a reduced expression of both ATP2A2 (SERCA2a) and NF2L2 (NRF2).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated new cardioprotective mechanisms of pro-resolving lipid mediators that may emerge as innovative treatments for myocarditis.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): ISCIII [PI17/01344]), Sociedad Española de Cardiología: Proyecto Traslacional 2019Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), FSE, and CIBER-CV, a network funded by ISCIII
Primary care preparedness for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a survey of NHS GPs
Authors: Pilbeam Caitlin , Edwards George , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Raymond Meriel , Van Hecke Oliver , Gobat Nina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Primary care manages a significant proportion of healthcare in the United Kingdom and should be a key part of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response.

Aim
To assess preparedness for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by understanding GPs’ perception of their ability to manage current and future service demand, set-up of triage processes, and training in Covid-19 infection prevention and control procedures.

Design and setting
Cross-sectional survey of practicing GPs in the United Kingdom, with 2 rounds of data collection early in the pandemic.

Methods
Online survey, scripted and hosted by medeConnect Healthcare, comprising 6 closed prompts on 7-point Likert scales, and an optional free-text component. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Free-text data were analysed thematically.

Results
One thousand two GPs completed each round; 51 GPs completed free-text responses in March, and 64 in April. Quantitative data showed greatest confidence in triage of Covid-19 patients, and GPs were more confident managing current than future Covid-19 demand. GPs’ responses were more optimistic and aligned in April than March. Free-text data highlighted that GPs were concerned about lack of appropriate personal protective equipment and personal risk of Covid-19 infection in March, and unmet needs of non-Covid-19 patients in April. In both rounds, GPs expressed feeling overlooked by government and public health bodies.

Conclusion
Guidance to support general practice clinicians to manage future waves of Covid-19 or other health emergencies must be tailored to general practice from the outset, to support clinicians to manage competing health demands, and mitigate impacts on primary care providers’ wellbeing.
Brain β-Amyloid Links the Association of Change in Body Mass Index With Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Buchman Aron S , Capuano Ana W , VanderHorst Veronique , Wilson Robert S , Oveisgharan Shahram , Schneider Julie A , Bennett David A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe tested the hypothesis that indices of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) pathologies may explain associations between change in body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline in old age.MethodWe used data from 436 older decedents participating in a prospective longitudinal cohort study who had undergone annual cognitive and BMI assessments and postmortem collection of indices of 12 brain pathologies. We identified ADRD brain pathologies associated with BMI range, a previously published metric of change in BMI. We employed sigmoidal mixed-effect models of cognitive decline to examine the associations of change in BMI and cognitive decline with and without terms for ADRD brain pathologies.ResultsAverage age at baseline was 78.6 years, SD = 6.5 years with 64% female. On average, 9 cognitive assessments were obtained with average age at death 88.4 years (SD = 6.2 years). Change in BMI as measured by BMI range was associated with cognitive decline (θ 2 = 0.260). β-Amyloid, hippocampal sclerosis, and substantia nigra neuronal loss were associated with BMI range. β-Amyloid strongly attenuated the association of BMI range with cognitive decline. Hippocampal sclerosis showed only partial attenuation of the association of BMI range and cognitive decline and nigral neuronal loss did not attenuate this association.ConclusionChanges in BMI and cognitive decline in older adults may be affected by similar mechanisms underlying the accumulation of brain pathologies like β-amyloid in aging brains. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations may provide novel targets for developing interventions that maintain brain health and metabolic homeostasis in old age.
Co-seismic and post-seismic deformation for the 1995 Colima–Jalisco and 2003 Tecomán thrust earthquakes, Mexico subduction zone, from modelling of GPS data
Authors: Cosenza-Muralles B , DeMets C , Márquez-Azúa B , Sánchez O , Stock J , Cabral-Cano E , McCaffrey R 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYWe invert ∼25 yr of campaign and continuous Global Positioning System daily positions at 62 sites in southwestern Mexico to estimate co-seismic and post-seismic afterslip solutions for the 1995 Mw = 8.0 Colima–Jalisco and the 2003 Mw = 7.5 Tecomán earthquakes, and the long-term velocity of each GPS site. Estimates of the viscoelastic effects of both earthquakes from a 3-D model with an elastic crust and subducting slab, and linear Maxwell viscoelastic mantle are used to correct the GPS position time-series prior to our time-dependent inversions. The preferred model, which optimizes the fit to data from several years of rapid post-seismic deformation after the larger 1995 earthquake, has a mantle Maxwell time of 15 yr (viscosity of 2 × 1019 Pa s), although upper-mantle viscosities as low as 5 × 1018 Pa s cannot be excluded. Our geodetic slip solutions for both earthquakes agree well with previous estimates derived from seismic data or via static co-seismic offset modelling. The afterslip solutions for both earthquakes suggest that most afterslip coincided with the rupture areas or occurred farther downdip and had cumulative moments similar to or larger than the co-seismic moments. Afterslip thus appears to relieve significant stress along the Rivera plate subduction interface, including the area of the interface between a region of deep non-volcanic tremor and the shallower seismogenic zone. We compare the locations of the seismogenic zone, afterslip and tremor in our study area to those of the neighbouring Guerrero and Oaxaca segments of the Mexico subduction zone. Our newly derived interseismic GPS site velocities, the first for western Mexico that are corrected for the co-seismic and post-seismic effects of the 1995 and 2003 earthquakes, are essential for future estimates of the interseismic subduction interface locking and hence the associated seismic hazard.
En defensa de la paridad como forma de entender la democracia, con vocación de permanencia: En respuesta a Micaela AlterioIn defense of parity as a form of understanding democracy with a vocation of permanence: A reply to Micaela Alterio
Authors: Rubio-Marín Ruth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In conversation with Alterio, who in her interesting article explores the bases that best justify the global phenomenon of the adoption of gender quotas, the text defends that, in addition to the emphasis she places on substantive equality as potentially encompassing the concerns of many other underrepresented groups, it is necessary to understand the global phenomenon of gender quotas as pointing to a new conception of democracy that, subverting the sexual contract at the origin of the modern state, puts the emphasis on overcoming gender roles. From this perspective, although it is convenient to think of mechanisms that are sufficiently inclusive and respond to the under-representation of many other discriminated groups as well, the parity democracy measures must be defended as measures that have their own additional logic and a vocation of permanence.
La evolución de la relación normativa entre el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y los sistemas jurídicos nacionalesThe evolution of the normative relationship between the Interamerican System of Human Rights and national jurisdictions
Authors: Fuentes Torrijo Ximena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The approach of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights regarding the relationship between international and domestic law has evolved into a form of supranational law, which was not envisaged at the time of the ratification of the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights. In its first decisions, the Inter-American Court accepted that it was for each state party to decide how its domestic legal system interacts with international law. However, in recent years the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has developed the theory of the “conventionality control,” according to which domestic judges shall afford primacy to the Convention over domestic law and, in cases of a conflict of norms, may set aside domestic legislation. It is to be seen whether or not domestic tribunals will implement this “conventionality control” and how the legislative powers of Latin American states will respond.
DNAM-1 versus TIGIT: competitive roles in tumor immunity and inflammatory responses
Authors: Shibuya Akira , Shibuya Kazuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immunoreceptors, DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) and T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), are paired activating and inhibitory receptors on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They share the ligands poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) and its family member nectin-2 (CD112), which are highly expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), tumors and virus-infected cells. Upon ligation with the ligands, DNAM-1 and TIGIT show reciprocal functions; whereas DNAM-1 promotes activation, proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxic activity in effector lymphocytes, including CD4+ T-helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, TIGIT inhibits these DNAM-1 functions. On the other hand, DNAM-1 competes with TIGIT on regulatory T (Treg) cells in binding to CD155 and therefore regulates TIGIT signaling to down-regulate Treg cell function. Thus, whereas DNAM-1 enhances anti-tumor immunity and inflammatory responses by augmenting effector lymphocyte function and suppressing Treg cell function, TIGIT reciprocally suppresses these immune responses by suppressing effector lymphocyte function and augmenting Treg cell function. Thus, blockade of DNAM-1 and TIGIT function would be potential therapeutic approaches for patients with inflammatory diseases and those with cancers and virus infection, respectively.
A retrospective antibiotic prescribing assessment and examination of potential antibiotic stewardship targets in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Stevens Ryan W , Jensen Kelsey , Kooda Kirstin , Mara Kristin , O’Horo John C , Shah Aditya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Despite low rates of bacterial coinfection in patients admitted with COVID-19, antimicrobials are frequently prescribed. Our primary objective was to evaluate antimicrobial prescribing over time in patients admitted with COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the role of ID providers in antimicrobial utilization, describe the rate of confirmed bacterial infection and determine factors associated with empirical antimicrobial prescribing in COVID-19.

Materials and methods
Retrospective review was performed for adult patients admitted to a tertiary care centre with COVID-19 between 1 March 2020 and 30 November 2020. Patient demographics, disease severity, risk factors for severe disease, clinical outcomes, antimicrobial prescribing and respiratory microbiological testing were collected and analysed. Prescribing trends were evaluated by month, and factors contributing to prescribing were established using univariate and multivariable analysis.

Results
Antibiotics were prescribed during admission in 37.9% of the study cohort, with 85.1% of patients who received antibiotics having therapy initiated within 48 h of admission. Antibiotic prescribing incidence increased with disease. Over the study period, antimicrobial prescribing rates decreased by 8.7% per month. Multivariable analysis found ICU admission, obtainment of procalcitonin values, intubation, heart failure, haemodialysis and nursing home residence were associated with empirical antimicrobial prescribing.

Conclusions
Unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing in patients with viral syndromes like COVID-19 continues to represent an area of concern. Antimicrobial stewardship efforts during COVID-19 should consider patient-specific factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Recognition of such factors, in combination with application of well-established antimicrobial stewardship tactics, may serve to impact antimicrobial prescribing trends, even as patient volumes rise.
Global Income Inequality, 1820–2020: the Persistence and Mutation of Extreme Inequality
Authors: Chancel Lucas , Piketty Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we mobilize newly available historical series from the World Inequality Database to construct world income distribution estimates from 1820 to 2020. We find that the level of global income inequality has always been very large, reflecting the persistence of a highly hierarchical world economic system. Global inequality increased between 1820 and 1910, in the context of the rise of Western dominance and colonial empires, and then stabilized at a very high level between 1910 and 2020. Between 1820 and 1910, both between-countries and within-countries inequality were increasing. In contrast, these two components of global inequality have moved separately between 1910 and 2020: Within-countries inequality dropped in 1910–1980 (while between-countries inequality kept increasing) but rose in 1980–2020 (while between-countries inequality started to decline). As a consequence of these contradictory and compensating evolutions, early 21st century neo-colonial capitalism involves similar levels of inequality as early 20th century colonial capitalism, though it is based on a different set of rules and institutions. We also discuss how alternative rules such as fiscal revenue sharing could lead to a significant drop in global inequality. (JEL: N30, O10, O40)
Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING 3 controls temperature responsiveness of the circadian clock independently of the evening complex
Authors: Zhu Zihao , Quint Marcel , Anwer Muhammad Usman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Daily changes in light and temperature are major entrainment cues that enable the circadian clock to generate internal biological rhythms that are synchronized with the external environment. With the average global temperature predicted to keep increasing, the intricate light–temperature coordination that is necessary for clock functionality is expected to be seriously affected. Hence, understanding how temperature signals are perceived by the circadian clock has become an important issue. In Arabidopsis, the clock component EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) not only serves as a light Zeitnehmer, but also functions as a thermosensor participating in thermomorphogenesis. However, the role of ELF3 in temperature entrainment of the circadian clock is not fully understood. Here, we report that ELF3 is essential for delivering temperature input to the clock. We demonstrate that in the absence of ELF3, the oscillator is unable to respond to temperature changes, resulting in an impaired gating of thermoresponses. Consequently, clock-controlled physiological processes such as rhythmic growth and cotyledon movement were disturbed. Genetic analyses suggest that the evening complex is not required for ELF3-controlled thermoresponsiveness. Together, our results reveal that ELF3 is an essential Zeitnehmer for temperature sensing of the oscillator, and thereby for coordinating the rhythmic control of thermoresponsive physiological outputs.
Planck limits on cosmic string tension using machine learning
Authors: Torki M , Hajizadeh H , Farhang M , Sadr A Vafaei , Movahed S M S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We develop two parallel machine-learning pipelines to estimate the contribution of cosmic strings (CSs), conveniently encoded in their tension (Gμ), to the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed by Planck. The first approach is tree-based and feeds on certain map features derived by image processing and statistical tools. The second uses convolutional neural network with the goal to explore possible non-trivial features of the CS imprints. The two pipelines are trained on Planck simulations and when applied to Planck SMICA map yield the 3σ upper bound of Gμ ≲ 8.6 × 10−7. We also train and apply the pipelines to make forecasts for futuristic CMB-S4-like surveys and conservatively find their minimum detectable tension to be Gμmin ∼ 1.9 × 10−7.
Planetary nebulae with Wolf–Rayet-type central stars – III. A detailed view of NGC 6905 and its central star
Authors: Gómez-González V M A , Rubio G , Toalá J A , Guerrero M A , Sabin L , Todt H , Gómez-Llanos V , Ramos-Larios G , Mayya Y D 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a multiwavelength characterization of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6905 and its [Wolf–Rayet]-type ([WR]) central star (CSPN) HD 193949. Our Nordic Optical Telescope Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (ALFOSC) spectra and images unveil in unprecedented detail the high-ionization structure of NGC 6905. The high-quality spectra of HD 193949 allowed us to detect more than 20 WR features including the characteristic O-bump, blue bump, and red bump, which suggests a spectral type no later than a [WO2]-subtype. Moreover we detect the Ne vii and Ne viii broad emission lines, rendering HD 193949 yet another CSPN with Teff ≲ 150 kK exhibiting such stellar emission lines. We studied the physical properties (Te and ne) and chemical abundances of different regions within NGC 6905 including its low-ionization clumps; abundances are found to be homogeneous. We used the PoWR stellar atmosphere code to model the spectrum of HD 193949, which is afterwards used in a photoionization model performed with cloudy that reproduces the nebular and dust properties for a total mass in the 0.31–0.47 M⊙ range and a mass of C-rich dust of ∼2 × 10−3 M⊙. Adopting a current stellar mass of 0.6 M⊙, our model suggests an initial mass ∼1 M⊙ for HD 193949, consistent with the observations.
Parabolic jet shape on parsec scales in high redshift AGN
Authors: Nokhrina E E , Pashchenko I N , Kutkin A M 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Geometry of relativistic jets in active galaxies provides important information about mechanisms of launching, collimation, and acceleration of plasma flow. We propose a new method to probe a boundary shape of a jet on parsec scales – in the vicinity of its radio core. Apparent speed of an outflow is derived from variability time delays and core shifts measured at the same jet region, providing a self-consistent estimate of the Lorentz factor Γ. We link together the distance along the jet z with its transverse size assuming a constant flow acceleration. Our results indicate that jets have parabolic shape and sustain an effective acceleration in the core region, consistent with the Lorentz factor dependency Γ ∝ z0.5. The proposed method can be applied to the sources observed at small viewing angles as well as to the distant sources when direct measurements are impossible due to a limited angular resolution.
Increased prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Lavi Eran , Maree Aus , Eisenstein Eli M , Wexler Isaiah , Berger Itai , Berkun Yackov 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Previous studies suggest that exposure to inflammation in infancy may increase the risk for attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We studied the ADHD manifestations among 124 familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients and examined the relationship between FMF patient characteristics and ADHD.

Methods
Clinical, demographic, and genetic data were abstracted from patients’ medical records and supplemented by information obtained during clinic visits. ADHD manifestations were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) questionnaire.

Results
ADHD was diagnosed in 42 (32.8%) FMF patients, a rate significantly higher than in unselected populations (∼8%). A majority (n = 27, 64.3%) had combined inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive manifestations. Eight (19%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and seven (16.6%) had predominantly inattentive symptoms. FMF patients with severe manifestations reported more ADHD symptoms. FMF patients with ADHD symptoms were less adherent to their treatment regimen, with only 61.9% of the patients with ADHD symptoms adhering to colchicine therapy compared to 92.7% of the patients without ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of ADHD characteristics in children with FMF may support the neuroimmune hypothesis that chronic inflammation increases the risk for ADHD. Children with FMF should be screened for ADHD as its presence may adversely affect adherence to treatment.