bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Cutting Rock: From PDC Cutter to PDC Bit—Modeling of PDC Cutter
Authors: Chen Pengju , Miska Stefan , Yu Mengjiao , Ozbayoglu Evren 
Published: February 2021

Summary
The main purpose of this paper is to present our polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter model and its verification. The PDC cutter model we developed is focused on a PDC cutter cutting a rock in 3D space. The model studies the forces between a cutter and a rock and applies the theory of poroelasticity to calculate the stress state of the rock during the cutting process. Once the stress state of the rock is obtained, the model can then predict rock failure by the modified Lade criterion (Ewy 1999). This work also developed a trial-and-error procedure to predict cutting forces, and the stress state of a rock before cutting process is also considered.
A complete verification of the cutter model is conducted. The model results (i.e., predicted cutting forces) are compared with measured cutting forces from cutter tests in multiple published articles. The major influencing factors on cutting forces—backrake angle, side-rake angle, depths of cut, worn depth (or wear flat area), and hydrostatic pressure—are all studied and verified. A good agreement between the model results and cutter test data is found, and the overall mean relative error is approximately 15%. The influence of inhomogeneous precut stress state of a rock is also studied. Overall, the cutter model in this paper is complete and accurate. It is ready to be integrated into a PDC bit model.
Rescaling Method for Improved Machine-Learning Decline Curve Analysis for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Li Boxiao , Billiter Travis C. , Tokar Timothy 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Decline curve analysis (DCA) has been widely applied in production forecasting of wells in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, traditional curve-fit-based methods fall short of forecast accuracy due to three weaknesses: first, they cannot capture the reservoir signals not modeled by the underlying DCA model formulas; second, when predicting the production of a target well, the production history of other wells in the geologic formation (which is valuable information) is not considered; third, the wells’ geographic, geologic, wellbore, well spacing, and completion properties, which are highly relevant to production capability, are not used. More recent approaches have begun replacing traditional DCA with machine-learning methods [e.g., random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), etc.] for production forecast. Nevertheless, these methods are still suboptimal in detecting similar production trends in different wells, leading to large forecast error.
A new and simple method called dynamic production rescaling (DPR) is developed to improve the accuracy of machine-learning DCA (ML-DCA). By combining DPR with common ML-DCA methods, we observe that the error mean, deviation, and skewness can be significantly reduced by 15 to 35% compared with ML-DCA without DPR. The error reduction is 30 to 60% compared with automatic curve fit of the traditional modified Arps DCA model. DPR has been tested successfully on monthly production data of over 20,000 unconventional horizontal wells in the Permian and Appalachian basins for both long- and short-term forecasts. The significant error reduction is consistent across different basins and formations. DPR is computationally efficient, so a large number of wells can be analyzed automatically and quickly. Moreover, the effectiveness and efficiency of DPR is independent of the underlying machine-learning algorithm, further demonstrating its robustness.
Oral Magnesium Supplementation for Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mah Jasmine , Pitre Tyler 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Magnesium supplementation is often purported to improve sleep; however, as both an over-the-counter sleep aid and a complementary and alternative medicine, there is limited evidence to support this assertion. The aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation for older adults with insomnia. Methods: A search was conducted in three databases comparing magnesium supplementation to placebo or no treatment. Outcomes were sleep quality, quantity, and adverse events. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments were carried out using the RoB 2.0 and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approaches. Data was pooled and treatment effects were quantified using mean differences. For remaining outcomes, a modified effects direction plot was used for data synthesis. Results: Three trials were identified comparing oral magnesium to placebo in 151 older adults in three countries. Pooled analysis showed that post-intervention sleep onset latency time was 17.36 minutes less after magnesium supplementation compared to placebo (95% CI -27.27 to -7.44, p=0.0006). Total sleep time improved by 16.06 min in the magnesium supplementation group but was statistically insignificant. All trials were at moderate-to-high risk of bias and outcomes were supported by low to very low quality of evidence. Conclusion: This review confirms that the quality of literature is substandard for physicians to make well-informed recommendations on usage of oral magnesium for older adults with insomnia. However, given that oral magnesium is very cheap and widely available, there is weak evidence supporting improved sleep parameters after magnesium supplementation for insomnia symptoms.
Assessment of human health risks associated with heavy metals accumulation in the freshwater fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Bangladesh
Authors: Maruf Md Abdullah-hil , Punom Nusrat Jahan , Saha Badhan , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Suchi Priyanka Dey , Eshik Md. Mostavi Enan , Rahman Mohammad Shamsur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, pangas and feed samples were analyzed to estimate the levels of metallic elements and to profile the human health risks due to consumption of contaminated fish. This investigation confirmed significant variations in heavy metal concentrations among different tissues of pangas in the order of Ni> Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr in pre-monsoon; and Ni> Cd= Cu> Pb= Cr in post-monsoon. Considerably higher concentrations of Pb, Cu and Cr were estimated in liver; and Cd and Ni were detected in muscle than other organs (p>0.05). Statistically significant higher amount of Cd, Ni, and Cu were observed in pre-monsoon than post-monsoon. Furthermore, three metal pairs showed significant association (Pb-Ni and Pb-Cu involved positively; Cd-Ni acted negatively). In pre-monsoon, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu concentrations of feed significantly differed than pangas contents; whereas only Cu varied during the post-monsoon. Regression analysis revealed the significant effect of Ni content in feed on the Cu deposition of pangas (p-value 0.027, that was <0.05). For the assessment of potential human health risk of the studied metals, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) indices were calculated. Studied EDI indicated that an average adult ingested a higher amount of Ni and Cu than the recommended intake limit. Nevertheless, only the higher EDI of Ni increases the value of THQ and HI than standard limit indicates adverse non-carcinogenic risk. However, lower CR of Pb confirmed no serious health hazard due to the ingestion of pangas. Factor analysis through principal component and cluster analysis suggested that higher concentrations of Pb and Ni may regulate by the feed used, geochemical properties or rapid industrialization in the study area. A proper monitoring for controlling the quality of fish feed with sustainable planning for industrialization could secure the booming of pangasius aquaculture in Bangladesh.
Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Xu Yuntao , Sayem Ayed , Fan Linran , Zou Chang-Ling , Wang Sihao , Cheng Risheng , Fu Wei , Yang Likai , Xu Mingrui , Tang Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Superconducting cavity electro-optics presents a promising route to coherently convert microwave and optical photons and distribute quantum entanglement between superconducting circuits over long-distance. Strong Pockels nonlinearity and high-performance optical cavity are the prerequisites for high conversion efficiency. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers these desired characteristics. Despite significant recent progresses, only unidirectional conversion with efficiencies orders of magnitude lower than expected has been realized. In this article, we demonstrate the first bidirectional electro-optic conversion in TFLN-superconductor hybrid system, with conversion efficiency improved by more than three orders of magnitude. Our new air-clad device architecture boosts the sustainable intracavity pump power at cryogenic temperatures by suppressing the prominent photorefractive effect that limits cryogenic performance of TFLN, and reaches an efficiency of 1.02% (internal efficiency of 15.2%). This work firmly establishes the TFLN-superconductor hybrid EO system as a highly competitive transduction platform for future quantum network applications.
Positive Effects of Walnut Meal Extracts on Memory Impairment of Alzheimer's Disease Mice Induced by D-Galactose
Authors: Lv Honglin , Chen Dan , Xu Chengmei , Ma Yage , Yang Jingjuan , Chen Chaoyin , Zhao Shenglan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Walnut kernel was a traditional Chinese medicine, as well as a brain power boosting food. Walnut meal (WM) was prepared from walnut kernel by cold-press deoil, which was rich in polyphenols. In this study, we investigated the positive effects of walnut meal extracts on memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice induced by D-galactose. After 6 weeks of WMP treatment, the behavioral results showed that WMP could significantly improve the learning and memory of D-galactose Model (MOL) mice. The biochemical assay showed WMP could increase the amount of Acetylcholine (Ach) and reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation. Meanwhile, WMP improved the expression of neural stem cells, restored the number and the shape of neurons. The RNA-seq analysis revealed 284 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus were regulated by WMP treatment, among which Gzma, Apol11b, H2-Q6 were up-regulated, while Rny1, Scgn, Col6a3 were down-regulated. Further analysis disclosed the differentially expressed genes were relevant to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cellular senescence, and particularly strongly interacted with the ribosomal family genes (Rpl35a, Rps27rt, Rpl3l, Rpl21, Rpl26). In addition, transcription factor Ep300 regulated genes of Cdkn1a, Spp1, and Tnfsf10 distinctly in the hippocampus, which were involved in inflammation and protein kinase. Transcription factor Pparg regulated genes of Angptl4, Fabp4, and Plin4, which were mainly expressed in PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated receptors) signaling pathway. This study might assist in identifying new targets to restore memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
Incidence and mortality of patients transported by ambulance during the first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Tanaka Kenta , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Takeuchi Taro , Nakao Shota , Nitta Masahiko , Iwami Taku , Fujimi Satoshi , Uejima Toshifumi , Miyamoto Yuuji , Baba Takehiko , Mizobata Yasumitsu , Kuwagata Yasuyuki , Shimazu Takeshi , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background; Novel corona virus (COVID-19) outbreaks have spread worldwide. Although the COVID-19 pandemic affects the emergency medical service (EMS) system, which is one factor of primary care, little is known about its impact. This study aimed to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the EMS system and outcome of patients transported by ambulance.Methods; This was a retrospective study with a study period from 1 January 2020 to 31 May 2020. We included patients transported by ambulance who were registered in a population-based registry of patients transported by ambulance. The endpoints of this study were the incident number of patients transported by ambulance each month and the number of deaths among these patients admitted to hospital each month. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a Poisson regression model with year 2019 as the reference.Results; From January to May 2019, 205,195 patients were transported, whereas from January to May 2020, 180,362 patients were transported, indicating a significant decrease in the number of emergency patients transported by ambulance (IRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.88). The number of deaths among emergency patients admitted to hospital was 5237 in January-May 2019 and remained unchanged at 5172 in January-May 2020 (IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95–1.03).Conclusion; The first surge of the COVID-19 pandemic had no adverse effect on the EMS system in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
The Effect of Temperature on the Incidence Rate of COVID19
Authors: Massetti Emanuele , Dobbie Eric , Yang Wei , Paynabar Kamran 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we exploit random variation of daily temperature in the United States at both state and county level, from March 1st to October 31st 2020, to study if temperature has a significant effect on COVID19 incidence rate. We find that warmer than average days lead to a lower incidence rate, seven days later. A week in which temperature is consistently one standard deviation above the monthly average in all US states causes 17,754 fewer cases at national level, seven days later. Other weather variables do not have a significant and robust effect on the incidence rate. The effect of temperature is heterogeneous over space and time.
Carbon monoxide protects Neural Stem Cells against iron overload by modulating the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Xie zhengxing , Hu Aiying , Wang qing , Miao Zengli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:It is well CO is an important gas transmitter. Although accumulating evidences have demonstrated pro-survival effects of CO against various insults, the precise mechanism explaining how neural stem cell is protected by CO also remains largely unknown. Methods: After NSCs were challenged by iron overload with or without CO pretreatment, apoptosis of NSCs was tested by Flow cytometry and the level of antioxidant protein was also detected. ROS of NSCs was demonstrated via the fluorescent probe. We applied siRNA to demonstrated role of the protective effect of CO. In invivo experiment, NSCs with or without CO pretreatment were implanted into intracranial hemorrhagic mouse and the survival of NSCs were detected. The significance of the difference among mean values was determined by the Student–Newman–Keuls test or two-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: CO effect on pro-survival was comparable to that obtained with pharmacological inhibitors of ROS. Its effect on pro-survival was accompanied by the inhibition of ROS and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB. Such effect is believed to be mediated through Nrf2, in that siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nrf2 revealed that Nrf2 is required for the pro-survival effect of CO. CO also activated NQO-1, a downstream target of Nrf2, which was inhibited by down-regulating Nrf2. CO-mediated precondition results in Nrf2 stimulation and NF-κB inhibition, suggesting that these two pathways act in an inverse manner to maintain redox homeostasis. The pro-survival effect of CO was also further endorsed by the evidences in mouse hemorrhagic stroke models. Conclusions: Results, by showing that CO attenuates iron overload induced apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling via Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant effect, contribute to the understanding of essential cellular pathways. Our findings reveal CO preconditioning as a promising treatment strategy to improve efficacy of NSCs transplantation after HS.
Synthesis of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives based on 3-acetyl-5-nitropyridines
Authors: Stalinskaya Alena , Weber Daria , Seilkhanov Tulegen , Kulakov Ivan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Claisen-Schmidt-type aldol-crotonic condensation of 3-acetyl-5-nitropyridine derivatives with various aromatic aldehydes was used for the preparation of pyridylchalcones. Cyclization of the latter with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid afforded the corresponding N-acetyl derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole.
Achieving Porous Carbon Fibers Pretreated With a Swarm of CO2 Micro-Nanobubbles
Authors: Lee Joon Hyuk , Lee Soon Hong , Suh Dong Hack 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using petroleum pitch is touted as a sustainable method to fabricate carbon fibers, yet requires further advances in inevitable pore decrease after post-treatment. In an effort to circumvent this upper limit, renewable resources are widely used in the production of commercial carbon fibers. Here we show that dissolved micro-nanobubbles of CO2 in pretreatment may aid in the pore-growth of carbon fibers during activation. The results confirm that micro-nanobubbles increase specific surface (39.21 %) and micropore (16.44 %) areas of a sample. The chemical state of the elements revealed that there were no marked impurities. The observed behaviors can be understood by the following; 1) Partial O atoms released from dissolved micro-nanobubbles may attach to surrounding CO during activation, thereafter results in a higher mass of CO2. 2) Partial O atoms may directly interact with C from unmatured crystallites and form additional CO. We further denote optimized conditions based on the derived mechanism. This study provides a new strategy for the development of highly surface carbonaceous materials, thus possibly stimulating more research on advanced performance adsorbents or electrode materials.
“It’s like getting a diagnosis of terminal cancer.” An Exploratory Study of the Emotional Landscape of Climate Change Concern in Norway.
Authors: Marczak Michalina , Winkowska Małgorzata , Chaton-Østlie Katia , Klöckner Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Increasingly more people consider climate change a global emergency and emotionally charged terms such as climate anxiety or climate depression have entered public discourse. At the same time, emotions lie at the core of many psychological processes and are thus a critical component of pro-environmental engagement, as well as human health and well-being. Systematic empirical evidence about the emotional experience of climate change and its effects for an individual’s functioning is lacking, however. In the present study, we address this gap in knowledge and conduct an exploratory qualitative study of the emotional experience behind concern for climate change and its impacts on mental and psychosocial functioning. Drawing from 33 in-depth interviews conducted in Norway with a diverse sample of people who self-identified as worried about climate change, we map and contextualise the complex palette of mostly strong negative emotions experienced in relation to the concern for climate change. These emotions affected the participants psychologically in a number of ways, including in terms of lowered mood, reproductive concerns, difficulties in social functioning, but also through feeling an urge and responsibility to engage in pro-environmental behaviour. Our findings empirically validate the view that people can be psychologically affected by the mere awareness of the scale and implications of climate change, and that the emotional labour behind feeling an individual responsibility for climate change can affect people’s psychological well-being.
Evaluation of serological lateral flow assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
Authors: Trombetta Bianca A. , Kandigian Savannah E. , Kitchen Robert R. , Grauwet Korneel , Webb Pia Kivisäkk , Miller Glenn A. , Jennings Charles G. , Jain Sejal , Miller Samara , Kuo Yikai , Sweeney Thadryan , Gilboa Tal , Norman Maia , Simmons Daimon P. , Ramirez Christopher E. , Bedard Melissa , Fink Catherine , Ko Jina , Peralta Esmarline J. León , Watts Gerald , Gomez-Rivas Emma , Davis Vannessa , Barilla Rocky , Wang Jianing , Cunin Pierre , Bates Samuel , Morrison-Smith Chevaun , Nicholson Benjamin , Wong Edmond , El-Mufti Leena , Kann Michael , Bolling Anna , Fortin Brooke , Ventresca Hayden , Zhou Wen , Pardo Santiago , Kwock Megan , Hazra Aditi , Cheng Leo , Ahmad Q. Rushdy , Toombs James A. , Larson Rebecca , Pleskow Haley , Luo Nell Meosky , Samaha Christina , Pandya Unnati , Silva Pushpamali De , Zhou Sally , Ganhadeiro Zakary , Yohannes Sara , Gay Rakeisha , Slavik Jacqueline , Mukerji Shibani , Jarolim Petr , Walt David R. , Carlyle Becky Catherine , Ritterhouse Lauren L. , Suliman Sara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lateral flow assays can detect anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies to monitor transmission. However, standardized evaluation of their accuracy and tools to aid in interpreting results are needed.Methods: We evaluated 20 IgG and IgM assays selected from available tests in April 2020. We evaluated the assays’ performance using 56 pre-pandemic negative and 56 SARS-CoV-2-positive plasma samples, collected 10-40 days after symptom onset, confirmed by a molecular test and analyzed by an ultra-sensitive immunoassay. Finally, we developed a user-friendly web app to extrapolate the positive predictive values based on their accuracy and local prevalence.Results: Combined IgG+IgM sensitivities ranged from 33.9% to 94.6%, while combined specificities ranged from 92.6% to 100%. The highest sensitivities were detected in Lumiquick for IgG (98.2%), BioHit for both IgM (96.4%), and combined IgG+IgM sensitivity (94.6%). Furthermore, 11 LFAs and 8 LFAs showed perfect specificity for IgG and IgM, respectively, with 15 LFAs showing perfect combined IgG+IgM specificity. Lumiquick had the lowest estimated limit-of-detection (LOD) (0.1 mg/mL), followed by a similar LOD of 1.5 mg/mL for CareHealth, Cellex, KHB, and Vivachek.Conclusion: We provide a public resource of the accuracy of select lateral flow assays with potential for home testing. The cost-effectiveness, scalable manufacturing process, and suitability for self-testing makes LFAs an attractive option for monitoring disease prevalence and assessing vaccine responsiveness. Our web tool provides an easy-to-use interface to demonstrate the impact of prevalence and test accuracy on the positive predictive values.
The Shell’s Trouble: A Case of child bloodstream infection caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida
Authors: Dai Pingchuan , Ge Yanmei , Ji Wenli , Tong Huacheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA. salmonicida ( Aeromonas salmonicida ) is a Gram-negative bacteria which frequently reported as fish pathogen. A. salmonicida is generally considered to be non-pathogenic to humans. Case presentationA 22-month-old boy was admitted to hospital with a one-day fever history, A. salmonicida subsp. Salmonicida was isolated from his blood. He had an epidemiological history of being scratched by a shell. After 6 days’ antibacterial treatment, he recovered well and was discharged. ConclutionThis case is the first report of A. salmonicida infection by shellfish and the patient is also the youngest patient among reported infected person. The empirical use of first-generation cephalosporin seems to be effective in the treatment.