bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between exposure to workplace bullying and insomnia: a cross-lagged prospective study of causal directions
Authors: Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Pallesen Ståle , Einarsen Ståle Valvatne , Harris Anette , Rajalingam Dhaksshaginy , Gjerstad Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
Workplace bullying has been established as a significant correlate of sleep problems. However, little is known regarding the causal direction between bullying and sleep. The aim of this study was to examine temporal relationships between bullying and symptoms of insomnia.

Methods
Reciprocal and prospective associations between exposure to workplace bullying and symptoms of insomnia were investigated in a national probability sample comprising 1149 Norwegian employees. Data stemmed from a two-wave full panel survey study with a 6-month time interval between the baseline and follow-up assessments. Models with stabilities, forward-, reverse-, and reciprocal associations were tested and compared using Structural Equation Modelling. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and the stability in the outcome variables over time. Workplace bullying was assessed with the nine-item Short Negative Acts Questionnaire. Insomnia was assessed with a previously validated three item scale reflecting problems with sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and early morning awakening.

Results
The forward association model, which showed that exposure to workplace bullying prospectively increased levels of insomnia (b = 0.08; p < 0.001), had best fit with the data [CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.049 (0.046–0.052)]. The reverse association model where insomnia influences risk of being subjected to bullying was not supported.

Conclusion
Workplace bullying is a risk factor for later insomnia. There is a need for further studies on moderating and mediating variables that can explain how and when bullying influence sleep.
Human filariasis—contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model
Authors: Risch Frederic , Ritter Manuel , Hoerauf Achim , Hübner Marc P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFilariae are vector-borne parasitic nematodes that are endemic worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions. Important human filariae spp. include Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp., and Loa loa and Mansonella spp. causing onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema and hydrocele), loiasis (eye worm), and mansonelliasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 1 billion individuals live in endemic regions where filarial diseases are a public health concern contributing to significant disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Thus, efforts to control and eliminate filarial diseases were already launched by the WHO in the 1970s, especially against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, and are mainly based on mass drug administration (MDA) of microfilaricidal drugs (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole) to filarial endemic areas accompanied with vector control strategies with the goal to reduce the transmission. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it was decided to eliminate transmission of onchocerciasis and stop lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2030. It was also requested that novel drugs and treatment strategies be developed. Mouse models provide an important platform for anti-filarial drug research in a preclinical setting. This review presents an overview about the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae filarial mouse models and their role in immunological research as well as preclinical studies about novel anti-filarial drugs and treatment strategies.
Predators in northern Germany are reservoirs for parasites of One Health concern
Authors: Waindok Patrick , Raue Katharina , Grilo Miguel L. , Siebert Ursula , Strube Christina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrbanisation and invasion of wildlife into urban areas as well as human leisure activities create diverse wildlife-domestic animal-human interfaces, increasing the risk of (zoonotic) parasite spillover from sylvatic to domestic and synanthropic cycles. This study investigated the endo- and ectoparasite fauna, emphasising on parasites of One Health Concern, of the most common predators in northern Germany between November 2013 and January 2016. Eighty red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 18 stone martens (Martes foina) and nine raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were available for the study. Overall, 79 (73.8%) of the examined predators (n=107) harboured at least one endoparasite. The most frequently detected endoparasites in red foxes wereToxocara canis(43.8% positive individuals),Capillariaspp. (36.3%),Alaria alata(25.0%),Echinococcus multilocularis(26.3%) andUncinaria stenocephala(25.0%). Furthermore,Toxascaris leonina,Trichuris vulpis,Taeniassp.,Mesocestoidesspp. and coccidian oocysts were observed. The endoparasite species richness in raccoon dogs was comparable to red foxes, while in stone martens, onlyCapillariaspp. were found. Muscle digestion for detection ofTrichinellaspp. and antigen testing forGiardiaspp. did not show positive results. Ectoparasite analyses revealed infestations with ticks species of the genusIxodesas well asDermacentor reticulatus. Scabies mites were not present in digested skin samples, whileDemodexspp. mites were observed by faecal flotation in one red fox. Furthermore, fleas (Archaeopsylla erinaceiandChaetopsylla globiceps) were observed in the fur of red foxes, while lice were not present in any predator species. However, infestation frequency with ectoparasites was with 19.2% generally low in available predator skins (n=99). Overall, the present study showed that predators in northern Germany serve as reservoirs for parasites of One Health concern, with four of the five most frequent endoparasites being zoonotic, highlighting the need of parasite surveillance in wildlife predators in order to implement measures avoiding spillovers to domestic animals and humans.
Radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s oesophagus related neoplasia with the 360 Express catheter: initial experience from the United Kingdom and Ireland—preliminary results
Authors: Magee Cormac G. , Graham David , Gordon Charles , Dunn Jason , Penman Ian , Willert Robert , Smart Howard , Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo Jacobo , Ragunath Krish , Everson Martin , Alzoubaidi Durayd , Banks Matthew , Morris Danielle , Sami Sarmed , Morris Allan J. , Bhandari Pradeep , Narayanasamy Ravi , Di Pietro Massimiliano , Lovat Laurence B. , Haidry Rehan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) for Barrett’s oesophagus (BE)-related neoplasia is currently used after endoscopic resection of visible neoplasia. The HALO 360 balloon has been used to ablate long segment BE. The Barrx™ 360 Express RFA self-sizing catheter (‘RFA Express’) may potentially allow quicker ablation times and improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this paper is to present real world data on the use of the 360 Express Device.

Methods
Centres in the UK and Ireland submitted cases where the RFA Express was used. The primary outcome was regression of BE at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were the rate of symptomatic stricture formation and resolution of intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM) and dysplasia (CR-D) at End of Treatment (EoT).

Results
11 centres submitted 123 consecutive patients. 112 had a follow up endoscopy. The median age was 67 years (IQR 62–75). 3 dosimetries were used. The mean reduction in Circumferential (C) length was 78% ± 36 and mean reduction in Maximal length (M) was 55% ± 36. 17 patients (15%) developed strictures requiring dilation. There was a higher rate of stricture formation when the 12 J energy was used (p < 0.05). 47 patients had EoT biopsies, 40 (85%) had CR-D and 34(76%) had CR-IM.

Conclusions
The RFA 360 Express catheter shows reduction in length of baseline BE at 3 months after index treatment, and eradication of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia at 12 months similar to other studies with earlier devices. It appears that the symptomatic stricture rate is slightly higher than previous series with the HALO 360 catheter.
This study was performed as part of the HALO registry and has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee - MREC Number 08/H0714/27 Local project reference 08/0104 Project ID 15,033 IRAS Number 54678 EudraCT 2009-015980-1. Registered on ISRCTN as below: ISRCTN93069556. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN93069556
20 Jahre „Zehn-Wort-Merkliste mit Imaginations-Einspeicherhilfe“
Authors: Strotzka Stefan 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas episodische Gedächtnis geht als höchststehende und komplexeste Gedächtnisform bei einer Demenzerkrankung früh verloren. Für die Demenzfrüherkennung ist die Erfassung episodischer Gedächtnisleistungen somit besonders gut geeignet. Die „Zehn-Wort-Merkliste mit Imaginations-Einspeicherhilfe“ ist ein praktikabler, schnell durchführbarer und aussagekräftiger Test zur Prüfung des episodischen Gedächtnisses. In einer retrospektiven Datenauswertung der Testergebnisse von 4079 KlientInnen des Gerontopsychiatrischen Zentrums (GPZ) der Psychosozialen Dienste Wien merkten sich Personen ohne kognitive Beeinträchtigung im Durchschnitt 6,9 von zehn möglichen Wörtern. Im Mild-Cognitive-Impairment-Bereich wurden im Schnitt 5,3 und bei einer Demenzerkrankung 2,5 Wörter erinnert. Zur Erkennung einer Demenzerkrankung betrug die Sensitivität 89 % und die Spezifität 84 %. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie zur „Zehn-Wort-Merkliste“ mit 116 Personen wurden in der Untersuchung des GPZ bestätigt.
Modeling Adherence Interventions Among Youth with HIV in the United States: Clinical and Economic Projections
Authors: Neilan Anne M. , Bangs Audrey C. , Hudgens Michael , Patel Kunjal , Agwu Allison L. , Bassett Ingrid V. , Gaur Aditya H. , Hyle Emily P. , Crespi Catherine M. , Horvath Keith J. , Dugdale Caitlin M. , Powers Kimberly A. , Rendina H. Jonathon , Weinstein Milton C. , Walensky Rochelle P. , Freedberg Kenneth A. , Ciaranello Andrea L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions is evaluating treatment adherence interventions (AI) to improve virologic suppression (VS) among youth with HIV (YWH). Using a microsimulation model, we compared two strategies: standard-of-care (SOC) and a hypothetical 12-month AI that increased cohort-level VS in YWH in care by an absolute ten percentage points and cost $100/month/person. Projected outcomes included primary HIV transmissions, deaths and life-expectancy, lifetime HIV-related costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, $/quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]). Compared to SOC, AI would reduce HIV transmissions by 15% and deaths by 12% at 12 months. AI would improve discounted life expectancy/person by 8 months at an added lifetime cost/person of $5,300, resulting in an ICER of $7,900/QALY. AI would be cost-effective at $2,000/month/person or with efficacies as low as a 1 percentage point increase in VS. YWH-targeted adherence interventions with even modest efficacy could improve life expectancy, prevent onward HIV transmissions, and be cost-effective.
Atrial performance in healthy subjects following high altitude exposure at 4100 m: 2D speckle-tracking strain analysis
Authors: He Chunyan , Liu Chuan , Yu Shiyong , Yang Jie , Ding Xiaohan , Bian Shizhu , Zhang Jihang , Yu Jie , Tan Hu , Jin Jun , Hu Mingdong , Wu Guoming , Zhang Chen , Rao Rongsheng , Huang Lan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh altitude (HA) exposure has been considered as a cardiac stress and might impair ventricular diastolic function. Atrial contraction is involved in ventricular passive filling, however the atrial performance to HA exposure is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term HA exposure on bi-atrial function. Physiological and 2D-echocardiographic data were collected in 82 healthy men at sea level (SL, 400 m) and 4100 m after an ascent within 7 days. Atrial function was measured using volumetric and speckle-tracking analyses during reservoir, conduit and contractile phases of cardiac cycle. Following HA exposure, significant decreases of reservoir and conduit function indexes were observed in bi-atria, whereas decreases of contractile function indexes were observed in right atrium (RA), estimated via RA active emptying fraction (SL 41.7 ± 13.9% vs. HA 35.4 ± 12.2%, p = 0.001), strain during the contractile phase [SL 13.5 (11.4, 17.8) % vs. HA 12.3 (9.3, 15.9) %, p = 0.003], and peak strain rate during the contractile phase [SL − 1.76 (− 2.24, − 1.48) s−1 vs. HA − 1.57 (− 2.01, − 1.23) s−1, p = 0.002], but not in left atrium (LA). In conclusion, short-term HA exposure of healthy individuals impairs bi-atrial performance, mostly observed in RA. Especially, atrial contractile function decreases in RA rather than LA, which seems not to compensate for decreased ventricular filling after HA exposure. Our findings may provide a novel evidence for right-sided heart dysfunction to HA exposure.
Asymptotic Behavior of Stable Structures Made of Beams
Authors: Griso Georges , Khilkova Larysa , Orlik Julia , Sivak Olena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of an$\varepsilon $ε-periodic 3D stable structure made of beams of circular cross-section of radius$r$rwhen the periodicity parameter$\varepsilon $εand the ratio${r/\varepsilon }$r/εsimultaneously tend to 0. The analysis is performed within the frame of linear elasticity theory and it is based on the known decomposition of the beam displacements into a beam centerline displacement, a small rotation of the cross-sections and a warping (the deformation of the cross-sections). This decomposition allows to obtain Korn type inequalities. We introduce two unfolding operators, one for the homogenization of the set of beam centerlines and another for the dimension reduction of the beams. The limit homogenized problem is still a linear elastic, second order PDE.
Applications of a simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry–thermomicroscopy system
Authors: Ashton Gage P. , Charsley Edward L. , Harding Lindsay P. , Parkes Gareth M. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA simultaneous DSC–thermomicroscopy system (DSC450 Linkam Scientific) was applied to the study of phase transitions in rubidium nitrate and silver iodide, the oxidation of polyethylene, the thermal degradation of polylactic acid and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, and the reversible transitions in thermochromic inks. The results demonstrated the benefits of obtaining simultaneous optical data, both images and light intensity measurements, with DSC, particularly in the interpretation of complex processes and the detection of events with small changes in enthalpy.
Elastic Contacts of Randomly Rough Indenters with Thin Sheets, Membranes Under Tension, Half Spaces, and Beyond
Authors: Müser Martin H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider the adhesion-less contact between a two-dimensional, randomly rough, rigid indenter, and various linearly elastic counterfaces, which can be said to differ in their spatial dimension D. They include thin sheets, which are either free or under equi-biaxial tension, and semi-infinite elastomers, which are either isotropic or graded. Our Green’s function molecular dynamics simulation identifies an approximately linear relation between the relative contact area $$a_{\text {r}}$$

a
r

and pressure p at small p only above a critical dimension. The pressure dependence of the mean gap $$u_{\text {g}}$$

u
g

obeys identical trends in each studied case: quasi-logarithmic at small p and exponentially decaying at large p. Using a correction factor with a smooth dependence on D, all obtained $$u_{\text {g}}(p)$$

u
g

(
p
)

relations can be reproduced accurately over several decades in pressure with Persson’s theory, even when it fails to properly predict the interfacial stress distribution function.

Graphical Abstract
Contributions of Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Ewen James P. , Spikes Hugh A. , Dini Daniele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe prediction of friction under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) conditions remains one of the most important and controversial areas of tribology. This is mostly because the pressure and shear rate conditions inside EHL contacts are particularly severe, which complicates experimental design. Over the last decade, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has played an increasingly significant role in our fundamental understanding of molecular behaviour under EHL conditions. In recent years, MD simulation has shown quantitative agreement with friction and viscosity results obtained experimentally, meaning that they can, either in isolation or through the use of multiscale coupling methods, begin to be used to test and inform macroscale models for EHL problems. This is particularly useful under conditions that are relevant inside machine components, but are difficult to obtain experimentally without uncontrollable shear heating.
Pakistan management of green transportation and environmental pollution: a nonlinear ARDL analysis
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Tayyab , Ullah Sana , Majeed Muhammad Tariq , Usman Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModern advances in nonlinear modeling have exposed that nonlinear models yield more robust results compared with linear models. Research on the effect of air-railway transportation on environmental pollution has now arrived into a new way of asymmetry analysis and captured the real issue among the nexus. This study aims to inspect the asymmetric impact of air-railway transportation on environmental pollution in Pakistan by using annual time series data from 1991 to 2019. The findings show that positive shock in air passenger carried and railway passenger carried increases carbon emissions, which implies that 1% increase in air passenger carried (railway passenger carried) enhances environmental pollution by 0.21% (0.32%) in long run in Pakistan. While positive shock in railway passengers carried increases environmental pollution and negative shock in railway passengers carried decreases the environmental pollution in the short run. The outcomes have also confirmed the short- and long-run asymmetries in Wald statistics. The findings are country-specific and it would be regionally specific.
Post-Visit Patient Understanding About Newly Prescribed Medications
Authors: Ho Timothy , Campos Blanca S. , Tarn Derjung M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Good patient understanding of basic medication-related information such as directions for use and side effects promotes medication adherence, but information is lacking about how well patients understand basic medication-related information after their office visits.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate post-visit patient understanding about newly prescribed medications.

Design
Secondary mixed methods analysis comparing patient survey responses about newly prescribed medications to information conveyed by physicians during office visits (from audio recordings of office visits).

Participants
Eighty-one patients aged 50 and older who discussed newly prescribed medications during an outpatient office visit.

Main Measures
Accurate patient identification of medication dose, number of pills, frequency of use, duration of use, and potential side effects.

Key Results
The 81 patients in this study received 111 newly prescribed medications. For over 70% of all newly prescribed medications, patients correctly identified the number of pills, frequency of use, duration of use, and dose, regardless of whether the physician mentioned the information during the office visit. However, for 34 of 62 medications (55%) for which side effects were not conveyed and 11 of 49 medications (22%) for which physicians discussed side effects, patients reported that the medication lacked side effects. Analysis of transcribed office visits showed that potential reasons for this finding included failure of physicians to mention or to use the term “side effects” during visits, the prescription of multiple medications during the visit, and lack of patient engagement in the conversation.

Conclusions
Many patients correctly identified information related to directions for taking a newly prescribed medication, even without physician counseling, but when physicians failed to convey potential medication side effects, many assumed that a medication had no side effects. It may be sufficient for physicians to provide written information about medication directions and dosing, and tailor their limited time to discussing medication side effects.
Stressing similarities or ignoring differences? Shedding light into different forms of color-evasive ideology with pre- and in-service teachers
Authors: Civitillo Sauro , Juang Linda P. , Schachner Maja K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe color-evasive ideology (commonly termed “colorblindness”) proposes that ethnic and cultural group memberships should be deemphasized. Yet there is a conceptual confusion around the meaning and measurement of color-evasiveness, and this construct is not used consistently in the international as well as German literature. Our purpose is to investigate whether two underlying forms of the color-evasive ideology (i.e.,stressing similaritiesandignoring differences) are two distinct, albeit related, constructs. We tested this hypothesis by applying these two forms of the color-evasive ideology to teachers’ cultural diversity beliefs. In two cross-sectional field studies conducted with pre-service teachers (Study 1,n = 210), and in-service teachers (Study 2,n = 99), questionnaire items on thestressing similaritiesideology and items on theignoring differencesideology loaded on two separate factors, providing a better fit to the data than the one-factor model. Mean scores on these two types of color-evasive ideology also differed substantially, indicating that participants across the two studies mainly endorsed thestressing similaritiesperspective. Thestressing similaritiesandignoring differencesideologies related differently to other intergroup ideologies (i.e., multiculturalism and polyculturalism), and showed different patterns to psychosocial functioning in culturally diverse classrooms (i.e., cultural diversity-related stress).