bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Infarction Imaged With [18F]Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–1007 PET/CT
Authors: Ahmadi Bidakhvidi Niloefar , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H. , Oyen Raymond , Van Laere Koen , Goffin Karolien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old post–renal transplant man developed pain in the region of the allograft 4 days after transplantation. Contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed multiple small perfusion defects in the renal graft cortex. Multifocal renal cortical infarction was suspected. A [99mTc]Tc-DMSA SPECT/CT showed several small regions with decreased uptake. In addition, an [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT confirmed these uptake defects and revealed additional defects. The renal cortical infarctions presumably originated from intraoperative emboli emerging from the arterial anastomosis. Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg led to favorable evolution of the renal function biochemically. Follow-up DMSA scintigraphy 3 months later showed resolution of the renal cortical defects.
Unusual Metastases of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsun , Lin Chia-Yang , Chen Yi-Ting , Wu I-Chen , Wang Yao-Kuang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Colonic or peritoneal metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare. We present the case of a 68-year-old man with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiation therapy. The follow-up whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed 6 months after initial chemotherapy and showed new lesions of increased FDG activity in the colon as well as peritoneum. The final pathological diagnosis proved these metastases were from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma With Epiglottis and Ileum Metastasis Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Gao Cailiang , Zou Qiao , Liu Huiting 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of non–small cell lung cancer with poor prognosis. It often metastasizes to lymph nodes, bone, adrenal gland, liver, and brain. Herein, we present a case of a pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with epiglottis and ileum metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Lymphoma or multiple primary cancers with or without regional node metastasis were suspected. Ultimately, histopathology after biopsy revealed pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma with epiglottic and ileum metastases. Our case highlights the unique advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT in searching for the unsuspected metastasis.
An Atypical Case of Meckel's Diverticulum Assessed by SPECT/CT Imaging
Authors: Mittl Gregory S. , Servaes Sabah-e-Noor , Zhuang Hongming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 17-year-old adolescent boy presented with multiple episodes of hematochezia. After a negative 99mTcO4 scan, upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and CT angiography, the patient underwent a second 99mTcO4 scan with ranitidine. The anterior images demonstrated a faint, delayed focus of uptake in the midabdomen without correlate on lateral projections. SPECT/CT was performed for localization with the focus of activity seen in an anterior loop of distal small bowel adjacent to the umbilicus. The patient subsequently underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and resection of the diverticulum with postoperative resolution of the symptoms.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Distinguishes the Reactive Lymph Nodes From Tumor Metastatic Lymph Nodes in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Shang Qihang , Zhao Long , Pang Yizhen , Yu Yifeng , Chen Haojun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate clinical staging is crucial for managing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, false-positive finding of cervical lymph nodes in 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI may lead to unnecessary chemotherapy for NPC. In this case, we report a patient with NPC who was incorrectly diagnosed with bilateral cervical lymph node metastases by both 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI. Subsequent pathology results showed proliferating lymphoid cells with no signs of tumor metastasis. Interestingly, no abnormal 68Ga-FAPI uptake was observed in the nonmetastatic reactive lymph nodes. Therefore, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be useful for assessment of pretreatment lymph node status in NPC.
Agile design and development of a high throughput cobas® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR diagnostic test
Authors: Manohar Chitra , Sun Jingtao , Schlag Peter , Santini Chris , Fontecha Marcel , Lötscher Pirmin , Bier Carolin , Goepfert Kristina , Duncan Dana , Spier Gene , Jarem Daniel , Kosarikov Dmitriy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiagnostic testing is essential for management of the COVID-19 pandemic. An agile assay design methodology, optimized for the cobas® 6800/8800 system, was used to develop a dual-target, qualitative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test using commercially available reagents and existing sample processing and thermocycling profiles. The limit of detection was 0.004 to 0.007 TCID50/mL for USA-WA1/2020. Assay sensitivity was confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Kappa. The coefficients of variation of the cycle threshold number (Ct) were between 1.1 and 2.2%. There was no difference in Ct using nasopharyngeal compared to oropharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium (UTM). A small increase in Ct was observed with specimens collected in cobas® PCR medium compared to UTM. In silico analysis indicated that the dual-target test is capable of detecting all >1,800,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences in the GISAID database. Our agile assay design approach facilitated rapid development and deployment of this SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.
Simulation and predictions of a new COVID-19 pandemic wave in Ukraine with the use of generalized SIR model
Authors: Nesteruk Igor 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTA new wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine, which began in the summer of 2021, was characterized by almost exponential growth of smoothed daily numbers of new cases. This is a matter of great concern and the need to immediately predict the dynamics of the epidemic in order to assess the possible maximum values of new cases, the risk of infection and the number of deaths. The generalized SIR-model and corresponding parameter identification procedure was used to simulate and predict the dynamics of this epidemic wave. The new COVID-19 epidemic wave in Ukraine will begin to subside in mid-October 2021, but its duration will be quite long. Unfortunately, new cases may appear by the summer of 2022.
Wild cereal grain consumption among Early Holocene foragers of the Balkans predates the arrival of agriculture
Authors: Cristiani E. , Radini A. , Zupancich A. , Gismondi A. , D’Agostino A. , Ottoni C. , Carra M. , Vukojičić S. , Constantinescu M. , Antonović D. , Price T. Douglas , Borić D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractForager focus on wild cereal plants has been documented in the core zone of domestication in southwestern Asia, while evidence for forager use of wild grass grains remains sporadic elsewhere. In this paper, we present starch grain and phytolith analyses of dental calculus from 61 Mesolithic and Early Neolithic individuals from five sites in the Danube Gorges of the central Balkans. This zone was inhabited by likely complex Holocene foragers for several millennia before the appearance of the first farmers ∼6200 cal BC. We also analyzed forager ground stone tools for evidence of plant processing. Our results based on the study of dental calculus show that certain species of Poaceae (species of the genus Aegilops) were used since the Early Mesolithic, while ground stone tools exhibit traces of a developed grass grain processing technology. The adoption of domesticated plants in this region after ∼6500 cal BC might have been eased by the existing familiarity with wild cereals.
Vaccine effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S against symptomatic COVID-19 and clinical outcomes in Brazil: a test-negative study design
Authors: Ranzani Otavio T , dos Santos Leite Rogério , Castilho Larissa Domingues , Maymone Gonçalves Crhistinne Cavalheiro , Resende Geraldo , de Melo Rosana Leite , Croda Julio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe used a test-negative design to estimate the vaccine effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) against symptomatic COVID-19 and clinical outcomes in Mato-Grosso do Sul, Brazil. We analyzed 11,817 RT-PCR tests. The mean age was 37 (SD=17) years, 2,308 (20%) of individuals more or equal than 50 years and almost two-thirds of the population was Brown/Pardo. Adjusted effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 after 28 days of the single dose was 50.9% (95% CI, 35.5-63.0). Adjusted effectiveness against clinical outcomes was 72.9% (95% CI, 35.1-91.1) for hospitalization, 92.5% (95% CI, 54.9-99.6) for ICU admission, 88.7% (95% CI, 17.9-99.5) for mechanical ventilation and 90.5% (95% CI, 31.5-99.6) for death. Despite lacking precision on some estimates, a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine continues to protect specially for severe forms of COVID-19 in the context of new variants.
Loss of wings induces the expression of the worker-like phenotype in queens of a ponerine ant
Authors: Pyenson Benjamin , Albin-Brooks Christopher , Burhyte Corinne , Liebig Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany highly-eusocial insect species are characterized by morphological differences between females. This is especially pronounced in ants where queens usually possess a fully developed thorax with wings and are specialized for reproduction while workers have a reduced thorax without wings and show various levels of reproductive degeneration that is associated with their helper role in the colony. Despite their morphological differentiation, queens and workers still show some plasticity leading to overlapping behavioral and physiological phenotypes. We investigated the level of queen plasticity and the factor that induces a worker-like phenotype in the ant speciesHarpegnathos saltatorthat has limited queen-worker dimorphism and workers that can assume the reproductive role of a queen in the colony. By comparing alate and dealate young queens, so-called gynes, we found that the loss of wings initiated the expression of behavioral and physiological characteristics of ant workers. In contrast to alate gynes, dealate gynes displayed higher frequencies of worker-like behaviors. In addition, dealate gynes showed a worker-like range of reproductive states unlike alate gynes. Like workers, dealate gynes lost the chemical signaling that is characteristic of alate gynes. Since gynes can activate this worker-like phenotype after wing loss, the essential difference between the ant queens and workers in this species with limited queen-worker dimorphism is a dispersal polyphenism. If the phenotypic plasticity observed inH. saltatoris representative of the early stages of ant eusociality, an emerging dispersal dimorphism rather than a distinct reproductive dimorphism might represent one of the first steps in ant evolution.Summary StatementAnt queens who have lost their wings express worker-like behaviors and physiology including the display of dominance behavior during hierarchy establishment, which is normally a worker-only behavior in this species.
Genetics of the human microglia regulome refines Alzheimer’s disease risk loci
Authors: Kosoy Roman , Fullard John F. , Zeng Biao , Bendl Jaroslav , Dong Pengfei , Rahman Samir , Kleopoulos Steven P. , Shao Zhiping , Humphrey Jack , Lopes Katia de Paiva , Charney Alexander W. , Kopell Brian. H. , Raj Towfique , Bennett David , Kellner Christopher P. , Haroutunian Vahram , Hoffman Gabriel E. , Roussos Panos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroglia are brain resident myeloid cells that play a critical role in neuroimmunity and the etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Yet our understanding of how the genetic regulatory landscape controls microglial function and contributes to disease is limited. Here, we performed transcriptome and chromatin accessibility profiling in primary human microglia from 150 donors to identify genetically-driven variation and cell-specific enhancer-promoter interactions. Integrative fine-mapping analysis identified putative regulatory mechanisms for 21 AD risk loci, of which 18 were refined to a single gene, including 3 novel genes (KCNN4, FIBP and LRRC25). Transcription factor regulatory networks captured AD risk variation and identified SPI1 as a key regulator of microglia expression and AD risk. This comprehensive resource capturing variation in the human microglia regulome provides novel insights into the etiology of neurodegenerative disease.One-Sentence SummaryCharacterizing the genetic regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in human microglia refines molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease risk loci.
The genome of the camphor tree and the genetic and climatic relevance of the top-geoherbalism in this medicinal plant
Authors: Jiang Rihong , Chen Xinlian , Liao Xuezhu , Peng Dan , Han Xiaoxu , Zhu Changsan , Wang Ping , Hufnagel David E. , Li Cheng , Li Kaixiang , Wang Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCamphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl), a species in the magnoliid family Lauraceae, is known for its rich volatile oils and is used as a medical cardiotonic and as a scent in many perfumed hygiene products. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of C. camphora with a scaffold N50 of 64.34 Mb and an assembled genome size of 755.41 Mb. Phylogenetic inference revealed that the magnoliids are a sister group to the clade of eudicots and monocots. Comparative genomic analyses identified two rounds of ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD). Tandem duplicated genes exhibited a higher evolutionary rate, a more recent evolutionary history and a more clustered distribution on chromosomes, contributing to the production of secondary metabolites, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which are the principal essential oil components. Three-dimensional analyses of the volatile metabolites, gene expression and climate data of samples with the same genotype grown in different locations showed that low temperature and low precipitation during the cold season modulate the expression of genes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways, especially TPS genes, which facilitates the accumulation of volatile compounds. Our study lays a theoretical foundation for policy-making regarding the agroforestry applications of camphor tree.
Tuberin levels during cellular differentiation in brain development
Authors: Khatir Bashaer Abu , Davis Gordon Omar , Sameem Mariam , Patel Rutu , Fong Jackie , Lubanska Dorota , da Silva Elizabeth Fidalgo , Porter Lisa A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTTuberin is a member of a large protein complex, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, and acts as a sensor for nutrient status regulating protein synthesis and cell cycle progression. Mutations in the Tuberin gene, TSC2, lead to the formation of tumors and developmental defects in many organ systems, including the central nervous system. Tuberin is expressed in the brain throughout development and levels of Tuberin have been found to decrease during neuronal differentiation in cell lines in vitro. Our current work investigates the levels of Tuberin at two stages of embryonic development in vivo, and we study the mRNA and protein levels during a time course using immortalized cell lines in vitro. Our results show that Tuberin levels remain stable in the olfactory bulb but decrease in the Purkinje cell layer during embryonic mouse brain development. We show here that Tuberin levels are higher when cells are cultured as neurospheres, and knockdown of Tuberin results in a reduction in the number of neurospheres. These data provide support for the hypothesis that Tuberin is an important regulator of stemness and the reduction of Tuberin levels might support functional differentiation in the central nervous system. Understanding how Tuberin expression is regulated throughout neural development is essential to fully comprehend the role of this protein in several developmental and neural pathologies.HIGHLIGHTSTuberin protein levels are decreased in the Purkinje cell layer in later stages of embryonic development.Tuberin protein and mRNA levels decrease as cells undergo neuronal differentiation.Downregulation of Tuberin impairs neurosphere formation.Tuberin is implicated in the maintenance of stemness in the developing brain.
Temperature-compensated constitutive model of fused filament fabrication 3D printed PLA materials with full extrusion temperatures
Authors: Zhu Kaiyang , Deng Zichen , Dai Shi , Yu Yajun 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the effect of interlayer bonding and thermal decomposition on the mechanical properties of fused filament fabrication-printed polylactic acid specimens at high extrusion temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
A printing process, that is simultaneous manufacturing of contour and specimen, is used to improve the printing accuracy at high extrusion temperatures. The effects of the extrusion temperature on the mechanical properties of the interlayer and intra-layer are evaluated via tensile experiments. In addition, the microstructure evolution affected by the extrusion temperature is observed using scanning electron microscopy.

Findings
The results show that the extrusion temperature can effectively improve the interlayer bonding property; however, the mechanical properties of the specimen for extrusion temperatures higher than 270°C may worsen owing to the thermal decomposition of the polylactic acid (PLA) material. The optimum extrusion temperature of PLA material in the three-dimensional (3D) printing process is recommended to be 250–270°C.

Originality/value
A temperature-compensated constitutive model for 3D printed PLA material under different extrusion temperatures is proposed. The present work facilitates the prediction of the mechanical properties of specimens at an extrusion temperature for different printing temperatures and different layers.
Consensus statement on measures to promote equitable authorship in the publication of research from international partnerships
Authors: Morton B. , Vercueil A. , Masekela R. , Heinz E. , Reimer L. , Saleh S. , Kalinga C. , Seekles M. , Biccard B. , Chakaya J. , Abimbola S. , Obasi A. , Oriyo N. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryDespite the acknowledged injustice and widespread existence of parachute research studies conducted in low‐ or middle‐income countries by researchers from institutions in high‐income countries, there is currently no pragmatic guidance for how academic journals should evaluate manuscript submissions and challenge this practice. We assembled a multidisciplinary group of editors and researchers with expertise in international health research to develop this consensus statement. We reviewed relevant existing literature and held three workshops to present research data and holistically discuss the concept of equitable authorship and the role of academic journals in the context of international health research partnerships. We subsequently developed statements to guide prospective authors and journal editors as to how they should address this issue. We recommend that for manuscripts that report research conducted in low‐ or middle‐income countries by collaborations including partners from one or more high‐income countries, authors should submit accompanying structured reflexivity statements. We provide specific questions that these statements should address and suggest that journals should transparently publish reflexivity statements with accepted manuscripts. We also provide guidance to journal editors about how they should assess the structured statements when making decisions on whether to accept or reject submitted manuscripts. We urge journals across disciplines to adopt these recommendations to accelerate the changes needed to halt the practice of parachute research.
The strange occurrence of male cannibalism on adult females in snakes
Authors: Glaudas Xavier , Fuento Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCannibalism is widespread in the animal kingdom. The most common, well‐known cases are found in some arthropod systems where the larger females occasionally consume the smaller males before, during, or after mating (i.e., sexual cannibalism). The killing and consumption of females by males are, on the other hand, seemingly much rarer and theoretically more difficult to explain, at least among adults, because the consumption of females would result in the loss of potential mates for males. Here, we use observations submitted to a community science reporting system to describe three instances of adult males feeding on adult females in the Montpellier snake, Malpolon monspessulanus, in the south of France. We discuss our observations in the theoretical framework of cannibalism to provide potential explanations for these observations and briefly review empirical findings of cannibalism in vertebrates, which confirms that this sex‐reversed form of sexual cannibalism is rare in nature.
The workplace at the bottom of global supply chains as a site of reproduction of colonial relations: Reflections on the cashew‐processing industry in Mozambique
Authors: Stevano Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of global supply chains, the workplace is a site of realization of global–local interrelations and materialization of class, gender and race exploitation. This paper explores these relations in the Mozambican cashew‐processing factory, the workplace at the bottom of the cashew global supply chain. The aim is to extend the literature on labor and global production networks by addressing the underexplored dimension of the everyday practices of work organization and by centering the interdependence of economic and socio‐cultural relations. Taking a feminist social reproduction perspective and drawing on insights from Quijano's coloniality of labor, the article conceptualizes the workplace at the bottom of global supply chains as a site of reproduction of colonial relations. The workplace is both internally fragmented and embedded within the structures of the local and global economy. Through the internal fragmentation, multiple forms of oppression and exploitation are reproduced. Through the external links with the structures of the local and global economy, the complexity of working lives as well as the colonial relations between employers and workers become visible.
“In the midst of this lifelike grief”: Nick Laird’s maternal elegies in Feel Free
Authors: Píetrzak Wit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article focuses on elegies for the mother figure in Nick Laird’s collection Feel Free (2018). I first offer a brief discussion of the maternal elegy in contemporary Irish poetry and then go on to argue that, faced with the inexpressibility of death, Laird seeks relief from the sorrow of loss in his own parental love, as full of heartfelt fondness as it is imperfect. Thus his elegies, tentatively committed to poetry as a consoling force, place solace for the death of the mother in the familial bond between the poet and his children.