bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Green Metal–Organic Framework‐Cyclodextrin MOF: A Novel Multifunctional Material Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Highly Efficient Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Hajra Sugato , Sahu Manisha , Padhan Aneeta Manjari , Lee In Sang , Yi Dong Kee , Alagarsamy Perumal , Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Kim Hoe Joon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe naturally available cyclodextrin has opened up a wide range of research avenues because of its superior characteristics such as being non‐toxic, biocompatible, and edible. The cyclodextrin is the green multifunctional material that can add to the triboelectric series and extend its self‐powered applications. The ultrasonic synthesized cyclodextrin metal–organic framework (CD‐MOF) designed using sodium as a metal ion and cyclodextrin as a ligand for the triboelectric nanogenerator is reported. The various detailed characterizations of the CD‐MOFs give an insight into the properties of the synthesized material. The Kelvin probe force microscopy suggests three types of CD‐MOFs, exhibiting a positive potential. As per the surface potential, the output of the various CD‐MOF based TENG is varied as alpha CD MOF/Teflon > gamma CD‐MOF/Teflon > beta CD‐MOF/Teflon. The alpha CD MOF/Teflon TENG produces an electrical output of 152 V, 1.2 μA, and 14.3 nC, respectively. The fabricated device output is utilized for powering numerous low‐power electronics through a capacitor and bridge rectifier circuit. The multiunit Z‐shaped TENG device is attached to various surfaces such as the shoe heel and the backside of the school bag, and the corresponding energy harvesting response is demonstrated.
Biomaterials‐Based Delivery of Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ye Qian‐Ni , Wang Yue , Shen Song , Xu Cong‐Fei , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConsiderable breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors using antibody drugs, especially immunomodulating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have been made in the past decade. Despite technological advancements in antibody design and manufacture, multiple challenges face antibody‐mediated cancer therapy, such as instability in vivo, poor tumor penetration, limited response rate, and undesirable off‐target cytotoxicity. In recent years, an increasing number of biomaterials‐based delivery systems have been reported to enhance the antitumor efficacy of antibody drugs. This review summarizes the advances and breakthroughs in integrating biomaterials with therapeutic antibodies for enhanced cancer therapy. A brief introduction to the principal mechanism of antibody‐based cancer therapy is first established, and then various antibody immobilization strategies are provided. Finally, the current state‐of‐the‐art in biomaterials‐based antibody delivery systems and their applications in cancer treatment are summarized, highlighting how the delivery systems augment the therapeutic efficacy of antibody drugs. The outlook and perspective on biomaterials‐based delivery of antitumor antibodies are also discussed.
Translational Nanotherapeutics Reprograms Immune Microenvironment in Malignant Pleural Effusion of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Zhenhuan , Luo Weizhan , Zheng Haichong , Zeng Yunxiang , Wang Jinlin , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains a treatment bottleneck in advanced lung cancer, due to its complicated microenvironments and “cold” immunity. Therefore, the search for therapeutic drugs to transform MPE to functionally “hot” one could advance the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategy. Herein, translational selenium nanoparticles coated with immune‐modulating macromolecule lentinan (SeNPs@LNT) are designed to restore the dysfunctional immune cells in patient‐derived MPE microenvironment. Internalization of the SeNPs@LNT can effectively reduce the immunosuppressive status by enhancing the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells, and remodeling the tumor associated macrophages into tumoricidal M1 phenotype in MPE derived from patients presenting low Se levels in blood and pleural effusion. Th1, cytotoxic T cell, γδ T, and B cell functions are upregulated, and Th2, Th17, and Treg cells activity is downregulated. Furthermore, SeNPs@LNT can be gradually metabolized into SeCys2 to promote the production of metabolites associated with tumor growth inhibition and immune response activation in MPE microenvironment. In contrast, lung cancer markers and vitamin B6 metabolism are decreased. The translational SeNP‐based nanotherapeutic strategy restores functional “cold” MPE to “hot” MPE to activate the immune responses of various immune cells in MPE of lung cancer patients.
Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications
Authors: Li Mei‐Chun , Wu Qinglin , Moon Robert J. , Hubbe Martin A. , Bortner Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear‐thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid‐based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
Identification of the Physicochemical Factors Involved in the Dye Separation via Methionine‐Functionalized Mesoporous Carbons
Authors: Goscianska Joanna , Galarda Aleksandra , Ejsmont Aleksander , Wuttke Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynthetic dyes in the wastewater from different industries have adverse effects on human and animal health and cause disturbance of the environmental equilibrium. Functional porous materials have provided significant progress in the removal of dyes from wastewater using adsorption methods. Yet, the correlation and deeper understanding of the physicochemical properties of the porous materials and the dye remains a great challenge. Although ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have unique beneficial features for dye separation, such as high surface area, uniform pore size, good mechanical and thermal stability, so far no report explores OMCs for selective dye adsorption from mixtures. Herein, OMCs of different morphologies and structures are synthesized via nanocasting and modification with methionine amino acid as new adsorbents for rhodamine B and sunset yellow FCF dyes. The results confirm that the obtained carbon materials have a significantly better affinity to rhodamine B than to sunset yellow FCF, which is related to the presence of a high number of acidic functional groups on their surface. In addition, the morphology of materials plays also an important role in the adsorption process. Carbon spheres with wrinkled walls are more efficient in the removal of both dyes than carbon particles with worm‐like shapes.
Singlet Oxygen Generation in Dark‐Hypoxia by Catalytic Microenvironment‐Tailored Nanoreactors for NIR‐II Fluorescence‐Monitored Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Tao , Hou Peidong , Zhang Yafei , Ao Rujiang , Su Lichao , Jiang Yifan , Zhang Yuanli , Cai Huilan , Wang Jun , Chen Qiushui , Song Jibin , Lin Lisen , Yang Huanghao , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSinglet oxygen (1O2) has a potent anticancer effect, but photosensitized generation of1O2is inhibited by tumor hypoxia and limited light penetration depth. Despite the potential of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) to circumvent these issues by exploration of1O2‐producing catalysts, engineering efficient CDT agents is still a formidable challenge since most catalysts require specific pH to function and become inactivated upon chelation by glutathione (GSH). Herein, we present a catalytic microenvironment‐tailored nanoreactor (CMTN), constructed by encapsulating MoO42−catalyst and alkaline sodium carbonate within liposomes, which offers a favorable pH condition for MoO42−‐catalyzed generation of1O2from H2O2and protects MoO42−from GSH chelation owing to the impermeability of liposomal lipid membrane to ions and GSH. H2O2and1O2can freely cross the liposomal membrane, allowing CMTN with a built‐in NIR‐II ratiometric fluorescent1O2sensor to achieve monitored tumor CDT.
Designing of biodegradable polycaprolactone: Binary and ternary coatings to minimize the defects and cost of solvent(s)
Authors: Arya Raj Kumar , Kaur Jasmine , Chandra Avinash , Ahuja Sanjeev , Rawat Manju , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoatings of polycaprolactone (PCL) in methylene chloride and toluene were prepared using solution casting method. Coatings of two different polymer mass percentages (5% and 10%), and thicknesses (800 and 1600 μm) were prepared. A drying study on PCL‐methylene chloride‐toluene coatings was carried out. The binary coatings of PCL‐methylene chloride and PCL‐toluene served as control cases. The results showed that the drying behavior was external mass transfer controlled for the binary coatings but diffusion controlled for the ternary coatings for most of the drying period. The drying rate enhanced but residual solvent increased with the progressive increase in initial concentration of methylene chloride and decrease in initial concentration of toluene. This shows that the drying rate can be enhanced by partially replacing the costly solvent with cheaper one, that is, toluene with methylene chloride. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to understand the surface morphology. The scanning electron microscopy results further indicate that replacing toluene with methylene chloride caused disappearance of cracks, wrinkles, and phase‐separation. The coatings with high initial content of methylene chloride were smooth and dense, and more residual solvent content does not manifest in coating defects. Hence, replacement of toluene with methylene chloride leads to savings on material and energy costs for drying along with better quality coatings.
Molecular characterization and RNA interference responses of the lethal giant larvae gene in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera adults
Authors: Cooper Anastasia M. W. , Song Huifang , Shi Xuekai , Yu Zhitao , Kim Young Ho , Silver Kristopher , Zhang Jianzhen , Zhu Kun Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh specificity for silencing target genes and single‐copy target genes that yield clear phenotypes are two important factors for the success of RNA interference (RNAi). The lethal giant larvae (Lgl) gene appears to be an ideal gene for RNAi because RNAi can effectively suppress its expression and results in molting defects and mortality in Tribolium castaneum. To investigate the suitability of this gene for RNAi in other insects, we identified and characterized DvLgl from the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a species exhibiting high RNAi efficiency. DvLgl was expressed in all developmental stages and tissues investigated. The deduced DvLgl protein showed high amino‐acid sequence identities and similar domain architecture to Lgls from other insect species. Despite many similarities among insect Lgls, RNAi‐mediated suppression of DvLgl failed to produce a phenotype in D. v. virgifera adults. The difference in developing phenotypes could be attributed greatly to the level of gene suppression and the insect developmental stages for RNAi. These results highlight the variability in RNAi response among insects and showcase the importance of screening multiple target genes when conducting RNAi studies. Our findings are expected to help the design of future RNAi studies and future investigations of Lgl in insects.
Bacterial pigments: A colorful palette reservoir for biotechnological applications
Authors: Orlandi Viviana Teresa , Martegani Eleonora , Giaroni Cristina , Baj Andreina , Bolognese Fabrizio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynthetic derivatives are currently used instead of pigments in many applicative fields, from food to feed, from pharmaceutical to diagnostic, from agronomy to industry. Progress in organic chemistry allowed to obtain rather cheap compounds covering the whole color spectrum. However, several concerns arise from this chemical approach, as it is mainly based on nonrenewable resources such as fossil oil, and the toxicity or carcinogenic properties of products and/or precursors may be harmful for personnel involved in the productive processes. In this scenario, microorganisms and their pigments represent a colorful world to discover and reconsider. Each living bacterial strain may be a source of secondary metabolites with peculiar functions. The aim of this review is to link the physiological role of bacterial pigments with their potential use in different biotechnological fields. This enormous potential supports the big challenge for the development of strategies useful to identify, produce, and purify the right pigment for the desired application. At the end of this ideal journey through the world of bacterial pigments, the attention will be focused on melanin compounds, whose production relies upon different techniques ranging from natural producers, heterologous hosts, or isolated enzymes. In a green workflow, the microorganisms represent the starting and final point of pigment production.
An environmental policy of green intellectual capital: Green innovation strategy for performance sustainability
Authors: Wang Chao Hung , Juo Wei‐Jr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines how green intellectual capital (GIC) affects economic and green performance through green innovation. We show ways in which a firm's performance is influenced by three dimensions of GIC, that is, green human capital (GHC), green relational capital (GRC), and green structural capital (GSC), and use the mediating role of green innovation to explain the relationships. The results of a survey conducted on 138 high‐tech firms indicate that the three GIC constructs positively affect economic performance, green performance, and green innovation, respectively. Further analysis finds that green innovation fully mediates the linkage of GHC–economic performance and GSC–green performance and partially mediates the linkage of GRC–economic performance and GRC–green performance. We find that green innovation does not mediate the linkage of GSC–economic performance and GHC–green performance, and this contributes towards business strategy and implementation of green innovation practices.
Coordination Properties of Hydroxyisophthalic Acids: Topological Correlations, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Properties of New Complexes
Authors: Sokolov Andrey V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Barabanova Ekaterina D. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Taydakov Ilya V. , Alexandrov Eugeny V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydroxyisophthalic acids are valuable polytopic ligands for the design of functional materials based on coordination polymers due to the variety of charges and coordination modes they possess. Herein, we describe the synthesis, thermal stability, nonlinear optical (NLO) and spectroscopic properties of five novel coordination compounds, [K2L(H2O)2], [MgL(H2O)2] ⋅ 3H2O, [CaL(H2O)3], [SrL(H2O)3] ⋅ H2O, [BaL(H2O)(H2O)5], and one salt, (NH4)2L ⋅ 2H2O, with 4,5,6‐trihydroxyisophthalic acid (H2L), which has not been tested in assembling crystalline coordination networks before. The peculiarities of the structural organization of the compounds were analyzed and compared with those for other hydroxyisophthalates. The coordination properties of hydroxyisophthalic acids were studied from the topological point of view, and a comparative topological analysis of coordination and H‐bonded networks was performed. Structural correlations revealed in this study could be useful for the design of hydroxyisophthalate‐based coordination networks, including porous metal‐organic frameworks, proton conductors, and NLO materials.
Solvent Induced Helix Folding of Defined Indolenine Squaraine Oligomers
Authors: Turkin Arthur , Holzapfel Marco , Agarwal Mohit , Fischermeier David , Mitric Roland , Schweins Ralf , Gröhn Franziska , Lambert Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA protecting group strategy was employed to synthesise a series of indolenine squaraine dye oligomers up to the nonamer. The longer oligomers show a distinct solvent dependence of the absorption spectra, that is, either a strong blue shift or a strong red shift of the lowest energy bands in the near infrared spectral region. This behaviour is explained by exciton coupling theory as being due to H‐ or J‐type coupling of transition moments. The H‐type coupling is a consequence of a helix folding in solvents with a small Hansen dispersity index. DOSY NMR, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), quantum chemical and force field calculations agree upon a helix structure with an unusually large pitch and open voids that are filled with solvent molecules, thereby forming a kind of clathrate. The thermodynamic parameters of the folding process were determined by temperature dependent optical absorption spectra.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization of 2‐Pyridones with Alkynes: Switchable Alkenylation, Alkenylation/Directing Group Migration and Rollover Annulation
Authors: Xu Xin , Luo Chenguang , Zhao Haoqiang , Pan Yixiao , Zhang Xin , Li Jiajie , Xu Lijin , Lei Ming , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed chelation‐assisted direct C−H bond functionalization of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones with internal alkynes that can be controlled to give three different products in good yields has been realized. Depending on the reaction conditions, solvents and additives, the reaction pathway can be switched between alkenylation, alkenylation/directing group migration and rollover annulation. These reaction manifolds allow divergent access to a variety of valuable C6‐alkenylated 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones, (Z)‐6‐(1,2‐diaryl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)vinyl)pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and 10H‐pyrido[1,2‐a][1,8]naphthyridin‐10‐ones from the same starting materials. These protocols exhibit excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope, and good tolerance of functional groups. A combination of experimental and computational approaches have been employed to uncover the key mechanistic features of these reactions.
Light‐Driven gem Hydrogenation: An Orthogonal Entry into “Second‐Generation” Ruthenium Carbene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Zachmann Raphael J. , Fürstner Alois 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe newly discovered light‐driven gem hydrogenation of alkynes opens an unconventional yet efficient entry into five‐coordinate Grubbs‐type ruthenium carbene complexes with cis‐disposed chloride ligands. Representatives of this class featuring a chelate substructure formed by an iodo‐substituted benzylidene unit react with (substituted) 2‐isopropoxystyrene to give prototypical “second‐generation” Grubbs‐Hoveyda complexes for olefin metathesis. The new approach to this venerable catalyst family is safe and versatile as it uses a triple bond rather than phenyldiazomethane as the ultimate carbene source and does not require any sacrificial phosphines.
An overview of sensors and sensing materials for heavy metals in aqueous environments
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Al‐Ghamdi Majed , Khater Mahmoud , Abdel‐Rahman Eihab M. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a critical overview of recent advancements in aqueous sensors for heavy metals. The paper focuses on the challenges and advantages of using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors in aqueous environments, as well as technical considerations for choosing appropriate polymeric sensing materials. In addition, general considerations and recommendations are included for developing MEMS chemical sensors. These considerations centre around the chemical nature of the target analyte and the environment of the sensor application. By following these recommendations and taking the time to design a suitable sensor and sensing material for the target application instead of a trial‐and‐error approach, it is possible to save both time and cost.
Hyperpolarisation of Mirfentanil by SABRE in the Presence of Heroin
Authors: Robertson Thomas B. R. , Gilbert Nicolas , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , Mewis Ryan E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMirfentanil, a fentanyl derivative that is a μ‐opioid partial agonist, is hyperpolarised via Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), a para‐hydrogen‐based technique. [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] (IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene, COD=cyclooctadiene) was employed as the polarisation transfer catalyst. Following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT, the pyrazine‐protons were enhanced by 78‐fold (polarisation, P=0.04 %). The complex [Ir(IMes)(H)2(mirfentanil)2(MeOH)]+ is proposed to form based on the observation of two hydrides at δ −22.9 (trans to mirfentanil) and −24.7 (trans to methanol). In a mixture of mirfentanil and heroin, the former could be detected using SABRE at concentrations less than 1 % w/w. At the lowest concentration analyzed, the amount of mirfentanil present was 0.18 mg (812 μM) and produced a signal enhancement of −867‐fold (P=0.42 %). following polarisation transfer at 6.5 mT.
The odd‐skipped related gene drumstick is required for leg development in the beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Thümecke Susanne , Schröder Reinhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe evolutionarily conserved odd‐skipped related genes odd‐skipped (odd), drumstick (drm), sister of odd and bowel (sob), and brother‐of‐odd‐with‐entrails‐limited (bwl) act downstream of the Notch pathway in various insect tissues including the appendages and the gut. While the function of some of these genes have been analyzed in the adult Tribolium beetle, the expression during and their requirement for embryonic development is not known.ResultsWe describe here the embryonic expression patterns of drm, sob, and bwl and analyze the RNAi knockdown phenotypes with emphasize on the appendages and the hindgut. We show that in Tribolium, drm acts independently of other odd‐family members in the formation of legs, hindgut, and the dorsal epidermis. Moreover, we establish drm and sob as further markers for segment borders in the appendages that include the gnathobasic mandibles.ConclusionsWe conclude that the regulatory interrelationship among the odd genes differs between Tribolium and Drosophila, where odd and drm seem to act redundantly. In Tribolium, the genes drm and sob uncover the relict of a precoxal joint incorporated in the lateral body wall.