bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of thin silicone dressings for prolonged use of filtering facepiece respirators: Lessons from the universal community testing programme during the COVID‐19
Authors: Yip Ka‐Huen , Yip Yuk‐Chiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA universal community testing programme (UCTP) was initiated by the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, as part of a territory‐wide initiative to enhance the control of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, to facilitate the early identification of asymptomatic patients in the community‐transmission chain. The authors (who were also engaged in this programme) observed that, at the end of their 6‐hour shift, most of the HCPs sustained medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPI), frequently on their faces, over the bridge of their nose, the upper cheeks, above the ears, lower jaws, and chin that caused pain and erythema. In this study, our team examined whether two different types of dressing (light silicone foam dressing and soft silicone perforated tape dressing) applied on the anatomical locations (including the bridge of the nose, upper cheek, above the ears, and lower jaw) would enable the wearer to pass the quantitative respirator fit testing that was conducted using a PortaCount Pro+ Respirator Fit Tester 8038. We also investigated if any skin reactions occurred after the participants worn the respirator with our applied dressing materials for 240 minutes in a safe laboratory setting. Lastly, we collected the qualitative feedback concerning how the participants felt about the performance of our dressing materials in preventing MDRPI associated with the prolonged use of tight‐fitting FFRs. A small convenience sample of HCPs (n = 24) who participated in the UCTP was recruited. We randomly selected 12 participants for one type of dressing, and the rest for the second type of dressing. Quantitative fit testing showed an adequate seal of the respirators with the use of both types of thin dressings that were available in the clinical settings. All of the participants except one tolerated the dressings for prolonged use without any report of adverse skin reactions. Our findings may move a step forward in assisting the process of developing feasible pre‐emptive skincare practice guidelines to reduce MDRPI during the prolonged use of nanofiber bacterial surgical respirators.
Nursing and midwifery students’ perspectives of using digital systems on placement: A qualitative study
Authors: Peacock Ann , Slade Christine , Brown Wilson Christine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo explore undergraduate nursing and midwifery student perspectives of using digital patient systems on clinical placements.DesignThis was an interpretative qualitative design study.MethodsUndergraduate nursing and midwifery students in a large Australian metropolitan university were invited to participate in two focus groups from April to June 2019. Twenty (20) students participated and data on their perspective of using digital systems on placement were collected. Thematic analysis using NVivo 12 software was undertaken.FindingsStudents identified benefits and challenges when moving between paper records and digital systems. Whilst paper reporting was more efficient for some processes, the students recognised the advantages of digital technology, such as enabling greater confidentiality and consolidation of patient data in one place. However, they also reported difficulty with student access and the size of the portal digital workstation at the bedside. Generally, the lack of preparation and access was considered frustrating and mitigated some of the benefits described when using digital systems.ConclusionsNursing and midwifery students prefer to be prepared for both paper and digital record keeping. Whilst students identify the benefits of digital platforms, not having direct access mitigates the benefits of these systems. Students identified the use of simulation and interactive modules prior to commencement of clinical practice to enable them to feel more confident with using the systems in patient care.ImpactHealth care students require direct access to digital health platforms whilst on clinical placement to facilitate their learning. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are in a unique position to work with health care providers to better prepare health care professionals, including nurses and midwives, to work with digital health care systems. Further research is needed to develop the educational preparation for nurses, midwives, and other health care professionals to work with digital systems in practice.
RETRACTED: Repression of CRNDE enhances the anti‐tumour activity of CD8 + T cells against oral squamous cell carcinoma through regulating miR‐545‐5p and TIM‐3
Authors: Ai Yilong , Wu Siyuan , Gao Hai , Wei Haigang , Tang Zhe , Li Xia , Zou Chen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy has been identified a promising treatment of cancers, including Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). CRNDE is highly overexpressed in various cancers. Many lncRNAs have been reported in CD8 T lymphocytes. Little is investigated about their effects in the functions of CD8 + T cells in OSCC. Currently, the influence of lncRNA CRNDE on the function of CD8 + T cells in OSCC progression was investigated. Here, CRNDE was obviously elevated and negatively correlated with IFN‐γ production in tumour‐infiltrating CD8 + T cells isolated from OSCC patients. CRNDE can exhibit a crucial role in activating CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, CRNDE specifically sponged miR‐545‐5p to induce T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐3 (TIM‐3), thus contributing to CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. The function of miR‐545‐5p on T‐cell function remains poorly known. TIM‐3 is a significant immune checkpoint, and it inhibits cancer immunity. TIM‐3 can demonstrate an important role in CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. In summary, loss of CRNDE could induce miR‐545‐5p and inhibit TIM3 expression, thus significantly activated the anti‐tumour effect of CD8 + T cells.
The production of white mulberry molasses powders with prebiotic carrier by dehumidified air‐assisted spray drying
Authors: Samborska Katarzyna , Edris Amr , Jedlińska Aleksandra , Barańska Alicja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhite mulberry molasses was powdered with the addition of prebiotic carrier by conventional spray drying (inlet/outlet air temperature: 180/80°C) and by dehumidified air‐assisted spray drying at low temperature (inlet/outlet: 80/45°C). As a consequence of decreasing the drying temperature, it was possible to obtain powder containing 90% of molasses (solids, wt/wt), which was not presented for this kind of material before. Moreover, highly satisfactory powder recovery (64.0–96.5%) was observed for the variants spray dried at low temperature. Physicochemical properties of powders were investigated. All of obtained powders characterized with water activity (Aw) below 0.25, which classify them as physiochemically and microbiologically stable. Powder spray dried traditionally was characterized with irregular particles of bigger dimension than powders obtained at low drying temperature. Furthermore, total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of molasses before and after drying were studied. The expression of retention coefficient was proposed to describe the effect of drying on total phenolics content of dried material. In this calculation the presence of carrier is excluded because it is not the source of phenolics in powder. Spray drying at low drying temperature enabled better preservation of the polyphenolics (TPC varying from 1,491 ± 38 to 2,852 ± 48 mg GAE/100 g solids) and antioxidant capacity (EC50 ABTS ranging from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 0.10 ± 0.01 mg solids/mL) of white mulberry molasses than conventional spray drying (TPC 1,412 ± 13 mg GAE/100 g solids and EC50 ABTS 0.23 ± 0.04 mg solids/mL).Practical ApplicationsWhite mulberry molasses powders may be a more practical alternative to concentrated molasses because of the high viscosity of molasses leading to problems with dosing, storage, and transportation. Molasses powdered at low temperature contains only 10% of a carrier, and as a result of high antioxidant capacity may be implemented in functional foods.
Intensive care nurses’ awareness of identification of early sepsis findings
Authors: Öztürk Birge Ayşegül , Karabag Aydin Arzu , Köroğlu Çamdeviren Esra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo determine intensive care nurses’ awareness of identification of early sepsis findings.BackgroundThe incidence of sepsis is increasing in intensive care units, and if not identified early, it increases morbidity, mortality and cost of care. Intervention within one hour after the diagnosis of sepsis increases survival. Nurses’ ability to identify early findings of sepsis affects the time of diagnosis of sepsis.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 544 nurses working in adult intensive care units of hospitals in Turkey. The study data were collected online between 11 January–8 April 2021 using the snowball method. Data were statically analysed. All procedures of the study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe nurses who had been working for 11 years or more, had worked with a patient diagnosed with sepsis in the last month and used a measurement tool in the diagnosis thought that it was significantly easier to determine the early warning findings of sepsis. In the study, the majority of nurses correctly identified the early findings of sepsis, but the rates of the correct responses to the variables of lactate >2 mM, leucopenia and hypothermia were low. Female gender, having a graduate degree, unit type, total work experience, having received training on sepsis and working with a patient diagnosed with sepsis in the last month made a significant difference in determining the early warning findings of sepsis accurately.ConclusionsNurses had a good rate of identifying early sepsis findings. Yet, they could not distinguish between early sepsis and late sepsis findings.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of the study can support nursing practices in the diagnostic process by considering the factors affecting nurses’ ability to distinguish early sepsis findings from late sepsis findings and to identify them correctly.
Inflammatory lesions in placental pathology
Authors: Sato Yuichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlacental inflammatory lesions are important findings that lead fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and can be divided into two broad subcategories, acute inflammation caused by microorganisms and chronic inflammation caused by host immune responses. Recently, a diagnostic framework for these lesions has been established, and uniform diagnostic criteria have been recommended by the Amsterdam International Consensus Group. Chorioamnionitis is representative of the acute inflammatory lesion, and is the most frequent pathological diagnosis in placental pathology. The hallmark of chorioamnionitis is neutrophil infiltration in the membrane/chorioamnionic plate and fetal vessels. The inflammatory response can be both maternal (inflammation in the membrane or chorioamnionic plate) and fetal (inflammation in the fetal vessels—umbilical vessels or chorionic vessel). Recent studies have shown that the fetal inflammatory response is associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, chronic inflammatory lesions, such as villitis of unknown etiology and chronic histiocytic intervillositis, are also important. Although their etiology remains unknown, the maternal immune response against paternal antigens has been considered a possible factor. These inflammatory lesions are associated with fetal demise and fetal growth restriction. Inflammatory lesions in the placenta are useful for understanding intrauterine conditions, guiding treatment, and predicting complications.
A Foucauldian discourse analysis of media reporting on the nurse‐as‐hero during COVID‐19
Authors: Boulton Maggie , Garnett Anna , Webster Fiona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study uses a Foucauldian discourse analysis to explore media reporting on the role of nurses as being consistently positioned ‘heroes’ during COVID‐19. In so doing, it highlights multiple intersecting discourses at play, with the caring discourse acting as a central one in negatively impacting nurses' ability to advocate for safe working conditions during a public health emergency. Drawing on media reports during the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Ontario, Canada in the spring of 2020 and on historical information from SARS, this study seeks to establish caring as a discourse and examine if the caring discourse impedes nurses' ability to protect themselves from harm. The results of this analysis explicate how public media discourses that position nurses as caring, sacrificial and heroic may have impacted their ability to maintain their personal safety as a result of the expectations put upon the nursing profession.
Gut microbiota and related metabolites in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and its resolution after bariatric surgery
Authors: Martínez‐Montoro José Ignacio , Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Balaguer‐Román Andrés , Martínez‐Sánchez María Antonia , Frutos María Dolores , Fernández‐García José Carlos , Ramos‐Molina Bruno 
Published: November 2021

SummaryNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with the rising prevalence of obesity, leading to major health and socioeconomic consequences. To date, the most effective therapeutic approach for NAFLD is weight loss. Accordingly, bariatric surgery (BS), which produces marked reductions in body weight, is associated with significant histopathological improvements in advanced stages of NAFLD, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. BS is also associated with substantial taxonomical and functional alterations in gut microbiota, which are believed to play a significant role in metabolic improvement after BS. Interestingly, gut microbiota and related metabolites may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through diverse mechanisms, including specific microbiome signatures, short chain fatty acid production or the modulation of one‐carbon metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidence highlights the potential association between gut microbiota changes after BS and NASH resolution. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between NAFLD severity and gut microbiota, as well as the role of the gut microbiome and related metabolites in NAFLD improvement after BS.
Intravenous opioids for chemotherapy‐induced severe mucositis pain in children: Systematic review and single‐center case series of management with patient‐ or nurse‐controlled analgesia (PCA/NCA)
Authors: Walker Suellen M. , Selers Ebony L. , Jay Matthew A. ,   Great Ormond Street Hospital Inpatient Pain Service
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis can result in severe pain. Intravenous (IV) opioids are recommended, but management protocols vary. We systematically reviewed studies reporting IV opioid use for pain related to chemotherapy‐induced severe oral mucositis in children and conducted a large single‐center case series.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting IV opioid duration and/or dose requirements for severe mucositis. Secondly, our pain service database was interrogated to describe episodes of opioid administration by patient‐ or nurse‐controlled analgesia (PCA/NCA) for children with mucositis and cancer treatment‐related pain.ResultsSeventeen studies (six randomized trials, two prospective observational, three retrospective cohort, six retrospective case series) included IV opioid in 618 patients (age 0.3–22.3 years), but reported parameters varied. Mucositis severity and chemotherapy indication influenced IV opioid requirements, with duration ranging from 3 to 68 days and variable dose trajectories (hourly morphine or equivalent 0‐97 mcg/kg/h). Our 7‐year series included PCA/NCA for 364 episodes of severe mucositis (302 patients; age 0.12–17.2 years). Duration ranged from 1 to 107 days and dose requirements in the first 3 days from 1 to 110 mcg/kg/h morphine. Longer PCA/NCA duration was associated with: higher initial morphine requirements (ρ = 0.46 [95% CI 0.35, 0.57]); subsequent increased pain and need for ketamine co‐analgesia (118/364 episodes with opioid/ketamine 13.9 [9.8–22.2] days vs opioid alone 6.0 [3.9–10.8] days; median [IQR]); but not with age or sex.ConclusionsManagement of severe mucositis pain can require prolonged IV opioid therapy. Individual and treatment‐related variability in analgesic requirements highlight the need for regular review, titration, and management by specialist services.
Private standards for the public interest? Evidence from environmental standardization in China
Authors: Shen Yayun , Faure Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the extent to which private standardization contributes to environmental governance in China. It starts from the law and economics literature, which sees not only particular advantages in private standardization, more particularly lower administrative costs, technological innovation and flexibility, but also potential disadvantages, such as regulatory capture and under‐enforcement. The article then discusses the use of environmental standards in China, with a particular focus on the role of private standards in environmental governance. The article points to the interdependence between private and public standards, as the government encourages private standardization, and public regulation equally incorporates private standards. Finally, the article analyses the benefits of private standardization as they appear in the specific case of China, but also the potential disadvantages and points towards possibilities of using private standards in a differentiated manner, enjoying the benefits and trying to remedy the potential disadvantages.
Traveling waves, blow‐up, and extinction in the Fisher–Stefan model
Authors: McCue Scott W. , El‐Hachem Maud , Simpson Matthew J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile there is a long history of employing moving boundary problems in physics, in particular via Stefan problems for heat conduction accompanied by a change of phase, more recently such approaches have been adapted to study biological invasion. For example, when a logistic growth term is added to the governing partial differential equation in a Stefan problem, one arrives at the Fisher–Stefan model, a generalization of the well‐known Fisher–KPP model, characterized by a leakage coefficient which relates the speed of the moving boundary to the flux of population there. This Fisher–Stefan model overcomes one of the well‐known limitations of the Fisher–KPP model, since time‐dependent solutions of the Fisher–Stefan model involve a well‐defined front which is more natural in terms of mathematical modeling. Almost all of the existing analysis of the standard Fisher–Stefan model involves setting , which can lead to either invading traveling wave solutions or complete extinction of the population. Here, we demonstrate how setting leads to retreating traveling waves and an interesting transition to finite‐time blow‐up. For certain initial conditions, population extinction is also observed. Our approach involves studying time‐dependent solutions of the governing equations, phase plane, and asymptotic analysis, leading to new insight into the possibilities of traveling waves, blow‐up, and extinction for this moving boundary problem. MATLAB software used to generate the results in this work is available on Github.
The stability of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity following attainment of physiological steady‐state
Authors: Carr Jay M. J. R. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Carter Howard , Smith Kurt , Tymko Michael M. , Green Daniel J. , Ainslie Philip N. , Hoiland Ryan L. 
Published: November 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?During a steady‐state cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity test, do different data extraction time points change the outcome for cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity?
What is the main finding and its importance?Once steady‐state end‐tidal pressure of CO2 and haemodynamics were achieved, cerebral blood flow was stable, and so cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity values remained unchanged regardless of data extraction length (30 vs. 60 s) and time point (at 2–5 min).
AbstractThis study assessed cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) and examined data extraction time points and durations with the hypotheses that: (1) there would be no difference in CVR values when calculated with cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures at different time points following the attainment of physiological steady‐state, (2) once steady‐state was achieved there would be no difference in CVR values derived from 60 to 30 s extracted means, and (3) that changes in would not be associated with any changes in CVR. We conducted a single step iso‐oxic hypercapnic CVR test using dynamic end‐tidal forcing (end‐tidal , +9.4 ± 0.7 mmHg), and transcranial Doppler and Duplex ultrasound of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), respectively. From the second minute of hypercapnia onwards, physiological steady‐state was apparent, with no subsequent changes in end‐tidal , or mean arterial pressure. Therefore, CVR measured in the ICA and MCA was stable following the second minute of hypercapnia onwards. Data extraction durations of 30 or 60 s did not give statistically different CVR values. No differences in CVR were detected following the second minute of hypercapnia after accounting for mean arterial pressure via calculated conductance or covariation of mean arterial pressure. These findings demonstrate that, provided the stimulus remains in a steady‐state, data extracted from any minute of a CVR test during physiological steady‐state conditions produce equivalent CVR values; any change in the CVR value would represent a failure of CVR mechanisms, a change in the magnitude of the stimulus, or measurement error.
Correlating Skeletal Muscle Output Force and Intramuscular Pressure Via a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Muscle Model
Authors: El Bojairami Ibrahim , Driscoll Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The inclusion of muscle pressure in muscle models may have important implications in biomechanics. This notion builds from the known correlation between muscle contractile force and internal pressure. However, this relation is often omitted in numerical models leveraged to study biomechanics. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method of modeling muscles, via finite elements, inclusive of the correlation between muscle contractile force and intramuscular pressure. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanned tibialis anterior muscle was modeled via a simple, yet easily scalable, mixed shell and pressure finite element model. Then a validation study was conducted on intramuscular pressure, resulting from applied muscle contractile force, through leveraging special fluid elements type. The fluid–structure-based model and adopted methods exhibited muscle forces and intramuscular pressure that were highly linearly correlated. Indirect validation was achieved with a maximum discrepancy of 7.25%. Furthermore, force-length curves followed a trend similar to documented conventional muscle data, which added to the model's validity. Mesh, material properties, and tendon stiffness sensitivity studies supported the model's robustness. This study has introduced a novel three-dimensional finite element modeling method that respects the physiological force and intramuscular pressure relationship. Although similar models have been previously explored, their complex physiological representation and time-consuming solvers make their scalability and real-time implementation questionable. Thus, the developed model may address such limitations while improving the realism of volumetric finite element models inclusive of muscle contribution.