bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking functional diversity, trait composition, invasion, and environmental drivers in boreal wetland plant assemblages
Authors: Allen Brandon E. , Azeria Ermias T. , Bried Jason T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuestionsA range of landscape and local environmental factors, including invasion, interact with species functional diversity and trait composition to shape biodiversity patterns and ecosystem function of wetlands. A trait‐based, mechanistic understanding of community assembly holds promise for wetland conservation, but this has been rarely examined across scales. We examined: (a) the relative influence of climate, landscape matrix, and local physicochemistry on invasion intensity and functional diversity in boreal wetland plant assemblages; and (b) the ecological traits linked to these environmental factors.LocationOne hundred fifty‐three wetlands across the Boreal Forest of Alberta, Canada.MethodsWe used data on invasion intensity, using two terrestrial invaders (Sonchus arvensis and Cirsium arvense), and environmental factors at local and landscape levels. We used eight traits from 366 vascular plants to assess functional diversity and invasion responses to environmental gradients (generalized linear models) and individual species trait–environment relationships (community‐weighted mean redundancy analysis, fourth‐corner analysis).ResultsLandscape matrix and the degree of invasion were the primary drivers of functional diversity, while invasion intensity was driven by physicochemistry and functional diversity. Community trait–environment patterns clearly separated wetlands by invasion status. Uninvaded wetlands were surrounded by lowland conifers and composed of stress‐tolerant associated traits, while invaded wetlands contained high levels of disturbance and traits associated with high resource availability and reproduction rates. This division was further supported by individual trait–environment relationships.ConclusionsLandscape matrix was the dominant driver of functional diversity and composition pattern, while the local physicochemistry and surrounding land‐cover matrix helped explain invasion. Our analysis revealed some of the mechanistic relationships shaping plant community assembly across boreal wetlands, information that can help resource managers identify, predict, and alleviate possible threats from landscape anthropogenic disturbances to wetland ecological integrity.
More than merely verbal disputes
Authors: Miranda Vilchis Rogelio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is fundamental that, in philosophy, we make sure that we are not mistaking merely verbal disputes, or “conceptual” disputes, for substantive ones. This essay presents a tripartite framework that is useful for clarifying cases where it is difficult to tell whether we are engaged in substantive or non‐substantive disputes. For this purpose, the essay offers some combinatorial possibilities between the following levels: verbal, conceptual, and objectual. We need to distinguish whether we are arguing about the world, concepts, or words to avoid talking at cross‐purposes and to recognize when our disputes are not worth the time. Distinguishing between these three levels can also throw light and guide research on conceptual engineering, metalinguistic negotiations, metaontology, and so on.
How and why to express the emotions: A taxonomy of emotional expression with historical illustrations
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent writing on the expression of emotion has explored the idea that there is a symbolic dimension to many “expressive actions.” This paper aims to situate and better understand the “symbolic expression” account by exploring its position in a framework of views from the history of philosophy regarding emotion, action out of emotion, and their place in the good human life. The paper discusses a number of competing views that can be found in this tradition, ranging from irrationalism, through irenicism, self‐externalization, and cognitivism to the symbolist tradition itself. In looking specifically at the roots of symbolism, the paper departs from the common view that Aristotelianism is the central tradition, for us, of thinking about philosophy of the emotions. It suggests that we can get a better grip on the source of these ideas by looking rather at how thinkers in the post‐Kantian and Romantic tradition wrestled with the question of the freedom and rationality of behaviour out of emotion.
A phenomenological reflection on women's lived experience of giving in circumstances of material scarcity
Authors: Emerson Amanda M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a robust body of research that examines problems women with criminal‐legal system involvement face, the support they need, how they get it, from whom, and how they use it. Rarely do we pause to consider what resources such women already have, the support they give, or what those experiences teach us about how to support them. In this study, my purpose was to reflect on the phenomenon of giving as experienced by women who have few material resources and whose lives have been disrupted by repeat incarcerations. I analyzed four lived experience descriptions of giving from interviews conducted in 2016–2017 with 10 women who had significant histories of criminal‐legal system involvement, unstable housing, and little or no income. Using concepts from hermeneutic phenomenology and the practice of phenomenological study described by Max Van Manen, I analyzed giving wholistically, selectively, and in detail. I discerned that the women's experience of giving was relationally structured as exchange, with both past and future aspects. In selective and detailed analysis, themes of “taking in” and “being there” and a gem or essential feature of automaticity/personhood presented themselves. Women found meaning, value, and a sense of belonging in giving to others even when they struggled to meet their own needs. The findings suggest potential directions for nursing practice, research, and advocacy, including work to recognize, build on, and remunerate women's affiliative care‐giving and support—while also putting pressure on community health and social services delivery systems to better serve those in need.
Ethnic minority patients in healthcare from a Scandinavian welfare perspective: The case of Denmark
Authors: Halberg Nina , Larsen Trine S. , Holen Mari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Scandinavian welfare states are known for their universal access to healthcare; however, health inequalities affecting ethnic minority patients are prevalent. Ethnic minority patients' encounters with healthcare systems are often portrayed as part of a system that represents objectivity and neutrality. However, the Danish healthcare sector is a political apparatus that is affected by policies and conceptualisations. Health policies towards ethnic minorities are analysed using Bacchi's policy analysis, to show how implicit problem representations are translated from political and societal discourses into the Danish healthcare system. Our analysis shows that health policies are based on different ideas of who ethnic minority patients are and what kinds of challenges they entail. Two main issues are raised: First, ethnic minorities are positioned as bearers of ‘culture’ and ‘ethnicity’. These concepts of ‘othering’ become both explanations for and the cause of inappropriate healthcare behaviour. Second, the Scandinavian welfare states are known for their solidarity, collectivism, equality and tolerance, also grounded in a postracial, colour‐blind and noncolonial past ideology that forms the societal self‐image. Combined with the ethical and legal responsibility of healthcare professionals to treat all patients equally, our findings indicate little leeway for addressing the discrimination experienced by ethnic minority patients.
Treatment utilization and drug survival of systemic medications among commercially insured children with psoriasis
Authors: Wan Joy , Shin Daniel B. , Gelfand Joel M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSystemic medications and phototherapy are used to treat pediatric psoriasis, but real‐world data on treatment utilization and persistence are limited. The study objective was to determine systemic and phototherapy treatment utilization and compare drug survival among systemics in pediatric psoriasis.MethodsUsing United States commercial insurance claims data, a cross‐sectional analysis was conducted to describe the prevalence of systemic treatment and phototherapy use among patients <18 years old with psoriasis. We compared drug survival among new users of methotrexate, adalimumab, etanercept, and ustekinumab using a retrospective cohort design.ResultsAmong 13 759 patients, 14.6% used systemic or phototherapy treatment during 2001‐2016, with rising utilization of systemics over this period. Among 579 new users of methotrexate, adalimumab, etanercept, and ustekinumab, the median durations of the initial treatment course were 141 (IQR 59‐314), 179 (79‐339), 175 (90‐419), and 216 (64‐435) days, respectively (P = .04). Drug discontinuation was less likely among ustekinumab (HR 0.47 [95% CI 0.27‐0.83]), etanercept (0.74 [0.59‐0.92]), and adalimumab (0.75 [0.55‐1.02]) initiators than methotrexate initiators after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and psoriatic arthritis. Drug survival differences were limited to systemic‐naïve patients. Potential limitations include short follow‐up and residual confounding.ConclusionsUtilization of systemic therapies for pediatric psoriasis is increasing, but differences in drug survival exist.
The psychobiological links between chronic stress‐related diseases, periodontal/peri‐implant diseases, and wound healing
Authors: Decker Ann M. , Kapila Yvonne L. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%‐28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a “risk indicator” for periodontal disease. However, as the evidence in this field matures with additional clinically controlled trials, more homogeneous data collection methods, and a better grasp of the biologic underpinnings of stress‐mediated dysbiosis, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress and related diseases (depression, anxiety) may be significant contributing factors in periodontal/peri‐implant disease progression and inconsistent wound healing following periodontal‐related therapeutics. Ideal solutions for these patients include classification of the disease process and de‐escalation of chronic stress conditions through coping strategies. This paper also summarizes periodontal/implant‐related therapeutic approaches to ensure predictable results for this specific patient subpopulation.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in obesity‐associated periodontal disease: A conceptual model
Authors: Kwack Kyu Hwan , Maglaras Victoria , Thiyagarajan Ramkumar , Zhang Lixia , Kirkwood Keith L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Severe periodontitis is highly prevalent—affecting 10%‐15% of adults—and carries several negative comorbidities, thus reducing quality of life. Although a clear relationship exists between severity of obesity and incidence of periodontal disease, the biologic mechanisms that support this link are incompletely understood. In this conceptual appraisal, a new “two‐hit” model is presented to explain obesity‐exacerbated periodontal bone loss. This proposed model recognizes a previously unappreciated aspect of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell population expansion, differentiation, and activity that can participate directly in periodontal bone loss, providing new mechanistic and translational perspectives.
Paradigm shift in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral cancer and other cancers focused on the oralome and antimicrobial‐based therapeutics
Authors: Radaic Allan , Ganther Sean , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Grandis Jennifer , Yom Sue S. , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe oral microbiome is a community of microorganisms, comprised of bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa, that form a complex ecosystem within the oral cavity. Although minor perturbations in the environment are frequent and compensable, major shifts in the oral microbiome can promote an unbalanced state, known as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can promote oral diseases, including periodontitis. In addition, oral dysbiosis has been associated with other systemic diseases, including cancer. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiologic evidence linking periodontitis to oral, gastrointestinal, lung, breast, prostate, and uterine cancers, as well as describe new evidence and insights into the role of oral dysbiosis in the etiology and pathogenesis of the cancer types discussed. Finally, we discuss how antimicrobials, antimicrobial peptides, and probiotics may be promising tools to prevent and treat these cancers, targeting both the microbes and associated carcinogenesis processes. These findings represent a novel paradigm in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer focused on the oral microbiome and antimicrobial‐based therapies.
Environmental Ethics: The State of the Question
Authors: Hourdequin Marion 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental ethics, as an academic field, was born out of professional philosophers' frustrations with anthropocentrism. In particular, philosophers such as Richard Sylvan and Holmes Rolston III found that canonical Western philosophy overlooked important questions regarding human relations to nonhuman animals and the broader world. Because many other traditions attend more closely to these relations, it is helpful to contextualize the initial development of academic environmental ethics as a critical response to a particular kind of deficiency characteristic of the Western tradition. In recent decades, the field has grown and broadened, and a more pluralistic, interdisciplinary, intercultural, and intersectional environmental ethics is emerging. This article traces developments in the field of environmental ethics during the last fifty years, beginning with discussions of the value of nature, deep ecology, the land ethic, environmental virtue ethics, and environmental pragmatism. Next, I turn to approaches that integrate social and environmental concerns through lenses that consider power dynamics and challenge relations of domination and oppression, bringing into focus questions of environmental and ecological justice. The final section considers some of the distinctive challenges associated with what some have dubbed “the Anthropocene,” noting that the nature and designation of this epoch remain contested.
Potential donor characteristics and decisions made by organ procurement organization staff: Results of a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Predmore Zachary , Doby Brianna , Durand Christine M. , Segev Dorry L. , Sugarman Jeremy , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Wu Albert W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrgan procurement organizations (OPOs) evaluate referrals for deceased organ donation in the United States. Efforts to expand the donor pool, such as the HIV organ policy equity (HOPE) Act that permits transplants from HIV‐positive donors to HIV‐positive recipients, can only succeed if OPOs pursue referrals. However, relatively little is known about how OPO staff evaluate referrals. To better understand this process, OPO staff completed a discrete choice experiment to quantify the relative importance of seven donor characteristics on the decision to pursue a theoretical donor. Relative importance was defined by Partworth utility using a hierarchical Bayesian conditional logit model. There were 51 respondents from 36 of 58 OPOs in the United States. Of the seven attributes, organ and tissue potential were the most influential, followed by age, type of death, HIV status, donor registration, and Hepatitis C status. To be preferred to an HIV‐negative donor, an HIV‐positive donor needed to have the potential to donate two additional organs. These data provide insight into the preferences of OPO referral staff and may help explain the lower than expected number of HIV‐positive transplants performed since the passage of the HOPE Act.
Inversion of Nitrogen Redistribution in Austenitic Steel by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Shabashov V. A. , Lyashkov K. A. , Kataeva N. V. , Korshunov L. G. , Sagaradze V. V. , Zamatovskii A. E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using the Mössbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, the temperature boundary of a strain-induced transformation with the inversion of the direction of nitrogen redistribution is determined in the structure of the FeMn22Cr18N0.83 austenitic steel. Deformation by high pressure torsion in Bridgman anvils below the temperature limit (298 K) leads to an increase in the amount of nitrogen in the interstitial solid solution and deformation above the limit (373 K) leads to a decrease in this value. An increase in the deformation temperature leads to the complete dissolution of the products of cellular decomposition and the formation of submicrocrystalline austenite with secondary nanocrystalline nitrides. Changes in the direction of nitrogen redistribution are explained by the competition between the mechanisms of relaxation of the structure along the paths of dispersion, dissolution of nitrides by dislocation, and decomposition of a solid solution supersaturated with nitrogen.
Similarity solutions for early-time constant boundary flux imbibition in foams and soils
Authors: Boakye-Ansah Yaw Akyampon , Grassia Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The foam drainage equation and Richards equation are transport equations for foams and soils, respectively. Each reduces to a nonlinear diffusion equation in the early stage of infiltration during which time, flow is predominantly capillary driven, hence is effectively capillary imbibition. Indeed such equations arise quite generally during imbibition processes in porous media. New early-time solutions based on the van Genuchten relative diffusivity function for soils are found and compared with the same for drainage in foams. The moisture profiles which develop when delivering a known flux into these various porous materials are sought. Solutions are found using the principle of self-similarity. Singular profiles that terminate abruptly are obtained for soils, a contrast with solutions obtained for node-dominated foam drainage which are known from the literature (the governing equation being now linear is analogous to the linear equation for heat transfer). As time evolves, the moisture that develops at the top boundary when a known flux is delivered is greater in soils than in foams and is greater still in loamy soils than in sandstones. Similarities and differences between the various solutions for nonlinear and linear diffusion are highlighted.

Graphic abstract
EpiPanGI Dx: A Cell-free DNA Methylation Fingerprint for the Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Kandimalla Raju , Xu Jianfeng , Link Alexander , Matsuyama Takatoshi , Yamamura Kensuke , Parker M. Iqbal , Uetake Hiroyuki , Balaguer Francesc , Borazanci Erkut , Tsai Susan , Evans Douglas , Meltzer Stephen J. , Baba Hideo , Brand Randall , Von Hoff Daniel , Li Wei , Goel Ajay 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
DNA methylation alterations have emerged as front-runners in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) biomarker development. However, much effort to date has focused on single cancers. In this context, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide; yet there is no blood-based assay for the early detection and population screening of GI cancers.

Experimental Design:
Herein, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of multiple GI cancers to develop a pan-GI diagnostic assay. By analyzing DNA methylation data from 1,781 tumor and adjacent normal tissues, we first identified differentially methylated regions (DMR) between individual GI cancers and adjacent normal, as well as across GI cancers. We next prioritized a list of 67,832 tissue DMRs by incorporating all significant DMRs across various GI cancers to design a custom, targeted bisulfite sequencing platform. We subsequently validated these tissue-specific DMRs in 300 cfDNA specimens and applied machine learning algorithms to develop three distinct categories of DMR panels

Results:
We identified three distinct DMR panels: (i) cancer-specific biomarker panels with AUC values of 0.98 (colorectal cancer), 0.98 (hepatocellular carcinoma), 0.94 (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma), 0.90 (gastric cancer), 0.90 (esophageal adenocarcinoma), and 0.85 (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma); (ii) a pan-GI panel that detected all GI cancers with an AUC of 0.88; and (iii) a multi-cancer (tissue of origin) prediction panel, EpiPanGI Dx, with a prediction accuracy of 0.85–0.95 for most GI cancers.

Conclusions:
Using a novel biomarker discovery approach, we provide the first evidence for a cfDNA methylation assay that offers robust diagnostic accuracy for GI cancers.
Genome-wide Sequencing of Cell-free DNA Enables Detection of Copy-number Alterations in Patients with Cancer Where Tissue Biopsy is Not Feasible
Authors: Jensen Taylor J. , Goodman Aaron M. , Ellison Christopher K. , Holden Kimberly A. , Kato Shumei , Kim Lisa , Daniels Gregory A. , Fitzgerald Kerry , McCarthy Erin , Nakashe Prachi , Mazloom Amin R. , Almasri Eyad , McLennan Graham , Grosu Daniel S. , Eisenberg Marcia , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When tissue biopsy is not medically prudent or tissue is insufficient for molecular testing, alternative methods are needed. Because cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to provide a representative surrogate for tumor tissue, we sought to evaluate its utility in this clinical scenario. cfDNA was isolated from the plasma of patients and assayed with low-coverage (∼0.3×), genome-wide sequencing. Copy-number alterations (CNA) were identified and characterized using analytic methods originally developed for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and quantified using the genomic instability number (GIN), a metric that reflects the quantity and magnitude of CNAs across the genome. The technical variability of the GIN was first evaluated in an independent cohort comprising genome-wide sequencing results from 27,754 women who consented to have their samples used for research and whose NIPT results yielded no detected CNAs to establish a detection threshold. Subsequently, cfDNA sequencing data from 96 patients with known cancers but for whom a tissue biopsy could not be obtained are presented. An elevated GIN was detected in 35% of patients and detection rates varied by tumor origin. Collectively, CNAs covered 96.6% of all autosomes. Survival was significantly reduced in patients with an elevated GIN relative to those without. Overall, these data provide a proof of concept for the use of low-coverage, genome-wide sequencing of cfDNA from patients with cancer to obtain relevant molecular information in instances where tissue is difficult to access. These data may ultimately serve as an informative complement to other molecular tests.
Política e resistência em espinosa
Authors: Augusto Victor Fiori 
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel que o conceito de resistência desempenha na filosofia política de Espinosa. Diferentemente da tradição constitucionalista que concebe o direito de resistência como evento de exceção que visa o reestabelecimento da ordem jurídica, Espinosa nos ajuda a pensar a resistência como algo constantemente presente na vida política, como uma potência de afirmação da vida contra a opressão.