bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: an Australian experience − effective, safe, yet room for improvement
Authors: Chauhan Ayushi , Apostolov Ross , van Langenberg Daniel , Garg Mayur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is reportedly effective and safe for the management of recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), yet real‐world data of outcomes of FMT in Australia are limited. In this series, FMT safely resulted in resolution of CDI in 19 patients with reduced healthcare utilisation after 25 FMT, but one patient was diagnosed with an anti‐nuclear antibody‐positive constitutional illness and Hashimoto thyroiditis following FMT. Further prospective evaluation of the utility of FMT earlier in CDI treatment algorithms to minimise cost and morbidity, and recipient follow up for immune‐mediated conditions, is required.
Further evidence for the multidimensional nature of maternal sensitivity: differential links with child socioemotional functioning at preschool age
Authors: Bernier Annie , Tarabulsy George M. , Cyr Chantal , Matte‐Gagné Célia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere has been increasing scholarly attention to the study of maternal sensitivity as a multidimensional construct. This report investigated the predictive value of three dimensions of sensitivity during mother–infant interactions in an effort to gain greater understanding of how specific facets of sensitivity relate to child socioemotional outcomes. Maternal cooperation/attunement (accurate interpretation of infant cues and capacity to adjust the interaction correspondingly), positivity (positive attitude toward the infant), and accessibility/availability (consistent attentiveness) were assessed observationally in 195 mothers of 1‐year‐old infants. Child socioemotional functioning was assessed using behavioral tasks and maternal and teacher reports when children were 4 years of age. The results revealed that maternal accessibility/availability was predictive of less externalizing behavior, more prosocial behavior (mother‐ and teacher‐reported), and better theory of mind, while maternal positivity predicted effortful control. These results highlight the advantages of a multidimensional assessment in understanding how sensitivity predicts different developmental outcomes.
Instrumental explanations of attitudes towards immigrants during the “refugee crisis”: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Di Mauro Danilo , Memoli Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe recent history of immigration flows shows recurrent massive waves of arrivals that put under great stress both policies and politics within national systems, due to rising politicization and public concern. Despite a great amount of analyses on the origins of attitudes towards immigrants and immigration, the relationships with flow peaks need still more observations, especially with a focus on natives’ interests. Do self and sociotropic‐ interests perceptions become much more related to sentiments of hostility during high immigration flows? This study addresses this research question by focusing mainly on three realistic‐instrumental theoretical explanations such as neighbourhood safety, contact theory and economic competition from a diachronic perspective. To this end, we observe the case of Italy, where the so‐called refugee crisis affecting Europe since 2015 has generated an unprecedented number of arrivals, inflaming public debate and influencing both policy choices and party positions. By using the European Social Survey from the period 2003–2017, we show that in this context the relationship between economic indicators and hostility towards immigrants becomes stronger during the crisis period.
A multicriteria decision‐making framework for assessing the performance of gynecobstetrics departments: a case study
Authors: Ortíz‐Barrios Miguel , Gutiérrez‐Severiche Edward , Cómbita‐Niño Dayana , Jiménez‐Delgado Genett , Ishizaka Alessio , Barbati Maria , Herrera‐Fontalvo Zulmeira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGynecobstetrics departments (GDs) oversee diagnosing, monitoring, and treating female reproductive diseases as well as assisting women during pregnancy. Their importance motivates the creation of suitable performance evaluation approaches for identifying weaknesses and designing focused interventions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is twofold: (a) provide an approach for GD performance evaluation and (b) propose interventions tackling the GDs’ weaknesses. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was first applied to calculate the initial criteria and subcriteria weights under vagueness. Then, the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was implemented to evaluate interrelations. FAHP and DEMATEL were later combined to estimate the final criteria and subcriteria weights under vagueness and interdependency. Finally, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank the GDs and detect improvement opportunities. A case study of a cluster including three GDs is presented to validate the proposed approach. The results evidenced that patient safety and service quality are the most critical aspects in GD performance evaluation. The results from this application can be used by healthcare managers for designing focused interventions targeting improved performance of GDs. This paper fully exploits the advantages of FAHP, DEMATEL, and TOPSIS methods for evaluating performances of GDs. Furthermore, this study presents a novel decision‐making model representing the multifactorial context of the GD performance.
Enhanced microwave absorption properties of Y‐Co2Z/PANI hexaferrites composites in the frequency range of 0.1–18 GHz
Authors: Tran Ngo , Lee Min Young , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Jeong Woo Hyun , Dang Ngoc Toan , Thi Le Anh , Phan The‐Long , Lee Bo Wha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prepared Ba3−xYxCo2Fe24O41 (Y‐Co2Z, x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4) by the solid‐state reaction method. Y‐Co2Z and polyaniline (PANI) composites (named as Y‐P0, Y‐P2, and Y‐P4) were prepared by using the in‐situ polymerization method. The Y‐doping played an important role in the variation of lattice parameters, a and c. The combination of Y‐doping and PANI modified the magnetic properties of the composites, which could be observed by the changing of the saturation magnetization and coercivity. This combination had also affected the electromagnetic properties of composites through the measurements of complex permittivity and permeability. Using the transmission line theory, we calculated refection loss (RL) of composites with the variation thickness of 1.00–2.50 mm. Our composites tuned the minimum RL from the X band (RL = −29.6 dB at 11.4 GHz for Y‐P2) to Ku band (RL = −16.3 dB at 15.7 GHz for Y‐P4 and RL = −26.4 dB at 16.6 GHz for Y‐P4). For maximum effective bandwidth, our composites covered a huge range from the S and C bands (Y‐P0 with 3.9 GHz in the range of 3.4–7.3 GHz) through the X band (Y‐P2 with 3.9 GHz in the range of 9.0–12.9 GHz) to the Ku band (Y‐P4 with 4.0 GHz in the range of 13.8–17.8 GHz). Those properties proved that the composites could act as promising absorbers in the S, C, X, and Ku bands.
Scientific Phenomenology in Design Pedagogy: The Legacy of Walter Gropius and Gestalt Psychology
Authors: Sinico Michele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the contribution of scientific phenomenology in design pedagogy through the theoretical relationships between the German art school Staatliches Bauhaus and the most important scientific phenomenological theories of the first half of the twentieth century. After showing the relationships between the Gestalt Theory and the principal teachers of the Bauhaus (Johannes Itten, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, László Moholy‐Nagy, Josef Albers), the pedagogical epistemology of Walter Gropius is critically presented. The epoché, the intersubjective criterion and the anti‐psychologism are examined. In conclusion, it is evidenced that Gropius was strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology. This undeclared influence was a necessary consequence of the fact that phenomenological attitude is a crucial operating modality for the concrete practice of design.
Smarthealth technology study protocol to improve relationships between older adults with dementia and family caregivers
Authors: Rose Karen M. , Coop Gordon Kristina , Schlegel Emma C. , Mccall Matthew , Gao Ye , Ma Meiyi , Lenger Katherine A. , Ko Eunjung , Wright Kathy D. , Wang Hongning , Stankovic John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to develop a Smarthealth system of monitoring, modelling, and interactive recommendation solutions (for caregivers) for in‐home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver–patient relationships.DesignThis descriptive study employs a single‐group, non‐randomized trial to examine functionality, effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the novel Smarthealth system.MethodsThirty persons with Alzheimer's Disease or related dementia and their family caregivers (N = 30 dyads) will receive and install Smarthealth technology in their home. There will be a 1‐month observation phase for collecting baseline mood states and a 2‐month implementation phase when caregivers will receive stress management techniques for each detected, negative mood state. Caregivers will report technique implementation and usefulness, sent via Ecological Momentary Assessment system to the study‐provided smartphone. Caregivers will provide daily, self‐reported mood and health ratings. Instruments measuring caregiver assessment of disruptive behaviours and their effect on caregivers; caregiver depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress; caregiver strain; and family functioning will be completed at baseline and 3 months. The study received funding in 2018 and ethics board approval in 2019.DiscussionThis study will develop and test novel in‐home technology to improve family caregiving relationships. Results from this study will help develop and improve the Smarthealth recommendation system and determine its usefulness, feasibility, and acceptability for persons with dementia and their family caregiver.ImpactThe Smarthealth technology discussed will provide in‐home stress reduction resources at a time when older adults may be experiencing increasingly high rates of isolation and anxiety and caregiver dyads may be experiencing high levels of relationship strain.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered with Clinical Trials.gov (Identifier NCT04536701).
Is There a Duty to Be a Digital Minimalist?
Authors: Aylsworth Timothy , Castro Clinton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe harms associated with wireless mobile devices (e.g. smartphones) are well documented. They have been linked to anxiety, depression, diminished attention span, sleep disturbance, and decreased relationship satisfaction. Perhaps what is most worrying from a moral perspective, however, is the effect these devices can have on our autonomy. In this article, we argue that there is an obligation to foster and safeguard autonomy in ourselves, and we suggest that wireless mobile devices pose a serious threat to our capacity to fulfill this obligation. We defend the existence of an imperfect duty to be a ‘digital minimalist’. That is, we have a moral obligation to be intentional about how and to what extent we use these devices. The empirical findings already justify prudential reasons in favor of digital minimalism, but the moral duty is distinct from and independent of prudential considerations.
A little shot of humility: Intellectual humility predicts vaccination attitudes and intention to vaccinate against COVID‐19
Authors: Huynh Ho P. , Senger Amy R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVaccinations remain a critical, albeit surprisingly controversial, health behavior, especially with the promise of widely available COVID‐19 vaccine. Intellectual humility, a virtue characterized by nonjudgmental recognition of one's own intellectual fallibility, may counter rigidity associated with anti‐vaccination attitudes and help promote vaccine‐related behaviors. This study investigated whether intellectual humility is related to anti‐vaccination attitudes and intentions to vaccinate against COVID‐19, and whether intellectual humility can predict unique variance in these outcomes beyond participant demographic and personal factors. Participants (N = 351, 57.23% male, mean age = 37.41 years, SD = 11.51) completed a multidimensional measure for intellectual humility, the anti‐vaccination attitudes (VAX) scale, and a two‐item COVID‐19 vaccination intention scale. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that intellectual humility was negatively related with anti‐vaccination attitudes overall, r(349) = −.46, p < .001, and positively related to intentions to vaccinate against COVID‐19, r(349) = .20, p < .001. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that intellectual humility predicted all four types anti‐vaccination attitudes, overall anti‐vaccination attitudes, and COVID‐19 vaccination intentions above and beyond demographic and personal factors (i.e., sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic status, and political orientation), ΔR2 between .08 and .18, ps < .001. These results bolster intellectual humility as a malleable psychological factor to consider in efforts to combat anti‐vaccination attitudes and promote COVID‐19 vaccination uptake.
Novel biogeographic patterns across latitudinal and elevational gradients: A case study with tropical montane epiphytes lends insights to conservation
Authors: Hollenbeck Emily C. , Sax Dov F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimWhile latitudinal and elevational gradients of range size have been thoroughly studied, the ways these gradients might interact with each other to shape species distributions in complex montane environments are not well understood. We examined how elevational and latitudinal gradients interact to structure individual species’ distributions and larger geographic range size patterns.LocationNeotropics.TaxaTwo epiphytic plant genera: Peperomia and Elaphoglossum.MethodsWe compiled 35,382 GBIF records for 505 species, calculated species’ latitudinal and elevational range extents, and examined gradients in richness and range size. For individual species, we analysed the relationship between elevational and latitudinal occurrences.ResultsApproximately 50% of species demonstrate a significant, negative relationship between their elevational and latitudinal occurrences; most of these species occupy a non‐random, relatively narrow range of mean annual temperatures across their latitudinal distribution. Across species there is a positive relationship between latitudinal and elevational extent, a phenomenon we hereafter refer to as ‘Stevens’ pattern’. Average latitudinal extent of species’ ranges increased at higher latitudes, in support of Rapoport's rule. Average elevational extent increased with elevation in the global dataset (consistent with Rapoport's elevational rule), but most subsets of the data demonstrated a peak in average extent size at mid‐elevations.Main conclusionsThe prevalence of species with negative elevation‐by‐latitude relationships, along with their non‐random tracking of temperature, suggests that many tropical species with broad geographic distributions are more temperature sensitive than their broad ranges might otherwise suggest. Consequently, even tropical species that occur across a wide range of latitudes and elevations might be threatened by climate change. These wide‐ranging species drive the occurrence of two biogeographic patterns: Rapoport's elevational rule and Stevens’ pattern. Finally, while Rapoport's rule and its elevational corollary were supported in part, the unexpected occurrence of many species restricted to high elevations near the equator suggests a possible focus for conservation effort.
Long‐term retention of lithium disilicate crowns with a current bioactive cement
Authors: Streiff Kerry R. , Lepe Xavier , Johnson Glen H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if a recent bioactive cement provides acceptable lithium disilicate crown retention after long‐term aging with monthly thermocycling.Materials and MethodsExtracted molars prepared with flat occlusal, 20° taper, ~4 mm axial. Prepared teeth assigned to two groups for equal mean surface areas per group. Lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with occlusal bar to facilitate removal. Crowns etched with 9.5%HF and cleaned. Cements were Ceramir Crown & Bridge QuikCap (CM) and Ketac Cem Maxicap (KC). Before cementation, specimens stored in 37°C water. Crowns cemented with 196 N force, placed in 37°C, 100% humidity oven for setting. Specimens thermocycled (5–55°C) 5000 cycles monthly for 6 months; otherwise stored in phosphate buffered saline solution. Crowns removed axially at 0.5 mm/min. Removal forces recorded and stresses calculated using areas. Independent t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsLevene test not significant (P = 0.649). CM removal stresses and forces (P < 0.001) were higher (1.93 MPa, 261.4 N) compared to KC (1.06 MPa, 139.4 N). CM cement found principally on crown intaglio, KC found with most cement on prepared tooth. Chi‐square significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionsFollowing long‐term aging with monthly thermocycling, lithium disilicate crowns were best retained by CM cement, however both cements are capable of retaining lithium disilicate crowns with preparations of ideal taper and length.Clinical SignificanceResults serve as a basis for bioactive cement selection for retaining lithium disilicate crowns. Without optimal axial length, taper of preparation or retentive features, Ceramir Crown and Bridge QuikCap offers a bioactive cement with improved long‐term retention when compared to Ketac Cem Maxicap for lithium disilicate crowns.
Comparison of methods to quantify metabolic rate and its relationship with activity in larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens
Authors: Yoon Gwangseok R. , Bjornson Forrest , Deslauriers David , Anderson W. Gary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUntil recently most studies have focussed on method development for metabolic rate assessment in adult and/or juvenile fish with less focus on measurement of oxygen consumption (ṀO2) during early life history stages, including fast‐growing larval fish and even less focus on nonteleostean species. In the present study we evaluated measurement techniques for standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope in an Acipenseriform, the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, throughout the first year of life. Standardized forced exercise protocols to assess MMR were conducted for 5 or 15 min before or after measurement of SMR. We used different levels of oxygen decline during the measurement period of MMR post forced exercise to understand the influence these may have on the calculation of MMR. Opercular rate and tail beat frequencies were recorded by video as measures of behaviours and compared to metabolic rate recorded over a 24 h period. Results indicate that calculated values for aerobic scope were lower in younger fish. Neither exercise sequence nor exercise duration influenced metabolic rate measurements in the younger fish, but exercise duration did affect measurement of MMR in older fish. Finally, there was no strong correlation between metabolic rate and the measured behaviours in the lake sturgeon at either age. Based on the results, we recommend that a minimum of 6 h of acclimation to the respirometry chamber should be given prior to measuring SMR, a chasing protocol to elicit MMR should ideally be performed at the end of experiment, a short chasing time should be avoided to minimize variation and assessment of MMR should balance measurement limitations of the probes along with when and for how long oxygen consumption is measured.
Morphology, phylogenetics and pathology of “red sore disease” (coinfection by Epistylis cf. wuhanensis and Aeromonas hydrophila) on sportfishes from reservoirs in the South‐Eastern United States
Authors: Ksepka Steven P. , Bullard Stephen A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aetiological agents of red sore disease (RSD) reportedly comprise a taxonomically ambiguous stalked ciliate (a species of Epistylis) and Aeromonas hydrophila. The taxonomic identity of each pathogen remains provisional: using supra‐specific morphological features for the ciliate and culture‐based methods that cannot delineate bacterial strain. On 7 and 9 November 2017 and 28 May 2020, biologists and anglers reported a local epizootic (Hiwassee and Chattahoochee river basins; Georgia) wherein some moribund fish presented RSD‐like lesions. The ciliates were assigned to Epistylis by morphology. The ciliate is regarded as Epistylis cf wuhanensis, as nucleotide sequences from its small subunit ribosomal DNA were identical to those of Epistylis wuhanensis. The bacterium was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypic markers and nucleotide sequences from the DNA gyrase subunit B; our sequences comprised 3 strains and phylogenetically were recovered sister to strains of Eurasian origin. Histological sections of lesions revealed effacement or partial deterioration of the epithelium covering scales, scale loss, haemorrhaging, necrosis, oedema, and extensive inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. This is the first nucleotide sequence information for the symbionts implicated in RSD.
The effect of ohmic heat process on thermal properties of green bean seed
Authors: Rokhbin Arash , Azadbakht Mohsen , Asghari Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing a voltage regulator at three voltages of 30, 50, 70 V and at three times of 3, 6, 9 min of boiling in the glass case, the weight changes were measured and temperature changes were recorded. Then the thermal properties of grains, such as specific heat, thermal conductivity coefficient, and thermal diffusivity coefficients, were examined separately. The test was conducted in a complete randomized design by factorial experiments. The results showed the amounts of ohmic heating duration, have significant effects on specific heat, thermal conductivity coefficient, and thermal diffusivity coefficient. Thus, specific heat and thermal conductivity coefficients increased and the thermal diffusivity coefficient decreased. The highest amount of specific heat was 0.859 kJ/kg °C at 70 V and 9 min. The lowest amount of specific heat was 0.154 kJ/kg °C at 30 V and 3 min, the highest number of thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.646 W/m °C at 30 V in 9 min and the lowest number of thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.293 W/m °C at 50 V in 3 min, and about thermal diffusivity coefficient the highest amount was 85 × 10−7 m2/s at 70 V in 3 min and the lowest was 18 × 10–7 m2/s at 30 V in 9 min. According to the results obtained in this study, the parameters of the ohmic heating system, that is, ohmic time and voltage, as well as their interactions had a significant level, so that the increase of each of these parameters has increased the moisture content in the sample, Which has increased the specific heating and thermal conductivity and also reduced the thermal diffusion coefficient of the sample.Practical ApplicationsDue to the importance and high nutritional value of green beans, the aim of this study is that ohmic heating can affect some of the thermal properties of green bean seeds and this method can be used as an alternative method in processing this product in the industrial sector has a wide range of applications.