bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Mapping of Soil Depth, Coarse Fragments and Textural Classes of Tamil Nadu Using Digital Soil Mapping Approach
Authors: Kalaiselvi B , Dharumarajan S. , Lalitha M. , Sriniv R. , Vasundhara R. , Suputhra Amar , Hegde Rajendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Knowledge on spatial distribution of soil depth, coarse fragments and texture are crucial for land resource management and environmental soil modeling. Digital soil mapping approach helps in prediction of spatial soil information by establishing the relationship between soil and environmental covariates. In the present study, we assessed spatial distribution of soil depth, coarse fragments (CF) and soil textural classes over 0.13 M sq.km area of Tamil Nadu state. About 2100 samples were used for the prediction of soil properties using random forest model (RF). Out of which, 80 per cent samples were used for training and 20 percent samples were used for testing. Different environmental covariates such as digital elevation model outputs, landsat data and bioclimatic variables were related to predict the soil properties. The predicted soil depth and CF ranged from 46-200 cm and 1-42 per cent respectively. The RF model performed well by explaining the variability (R 2 ) of 43% for soil depth and 21% for coarse fragments with RMSE of 38 cm and 13%, respectively. The RF classifier classified the soil textural classes with 64% overall accuracy and 43% kappa index. Variable importance ranking of Random forest model showed that elevation, MrVBF are the important predictors used for prediction of soil depth and CF, whereas remote sensing vegetation indices such as NDVI, EVI were acted as primary variable for prediction of soil textural classes. In this study, 250 m resolution detailed soil depth, CF and textural class maps were prepared which will be useful for different environmental modeling and proper agricultural management purposes.
Seismic Analysis of 10-MW Off Shore Wind Turbine with Large-Diameter Monopile in Consideration of Seabed Liquefaction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhu Songye , Yuan Guo-Kai , Gu Quan , Ke Shitang , Pei Ai-Guo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the increasing construction of large-scale wind turbines in seismically active coastal areas, the survivability of these high-rated power offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in marine and geological conditions becomes extremely important. Although research on the dynamic behaviors of OWTs under earthquakes has been conducted in consideration of soil-structure interaction, attention paid to the impact of earthquake-induced seabed liquefaction on OWTs supported by large-diameter monopiles is limited. In view of this research gap, this study carries out dynamic analyses of a 10-MW OWT under the combined wind, wave, and earthquake loadings. This study uses a pressure-dependent multi-surface elastoplastic constitutive model to simulate the soil liquefaction phenomenon. Results indicate that the motion of the large-diameter monopile leads to more extensive soil liquefaction surrounding the monopile, specifically in the zone near the pile toe. Moreover, compared with earthquake loading alone, liquefaction becomes more severe under the coupled wind and earthquake loadings. Accordingly, the dynamic responses of the OWT are apparently amplified, demonstrating the importance of considering the coupling loadings. Compared with wind loading, the effect of wave loading on the dynamic response and liquefaction potential is relatively insignificant.
Prevalence and Determinants of Home Delivery in Urban and Rural Philippines: Evidence From the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Amit Arianna Maever , Pepito Veincent Christian , Reyes Sarah De los , Tang Clinton , Aliazas Neil Andrew Kiamco , Sumpaico-Tanchanco Lourdes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Women’s choice of place of delivery has implications on rates of maternal and child mortality. Despite notable efforts to improve maternal health in the Philippines, disparities in the utilization of health services during pregnancy and delivery persist between urban and rural communities. This study aims to provide an updated and detailed comparison of prevalence and determinants of home delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities in the country. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 3,084 married or cohabiting women 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey were included in the analyses. Logistic regression methods for survey data were used to identify determinants for the choice of home-based childbirth over institutional delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities. Results: There remains a considerable proportion of 3,084 married or cohabiting women aged 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey who delivered at home [18.97% (95% CI: 16.04, 22.28)]. More women in rural areas delivered at home [22.95% (95% CI: 18.93, 27.54)] than their counterparts in urban areas [13.49% (95% CI: 9.59, 18.66)], reflecting a significant difference in the home delivery prevalence of women relative to their place of residence. Our regression analyses for all three populations consistently showed that socio-economic, individual, and pregnancy-related factors influence a mother’s decision to deliver at home. Wealth index has the most pronounced effect with a significant increase in odds of home delivery among urban and rural women of the lowest wealth categories.Conclusions: There are marked improvements in reducing maternal and child mortality in the Philippines, reflecting progress in health care services. However, our findings suggest that current strategies need to be revisited to substantially reduce preventable deaths associated with childbirth, particularly in the context of birthing location, and narrow the gap between urban and rural women. Innovative interventions targeting women with specific characteristics as reported in our study are needed. Efforts should also be made to contextualize and co-create innovations and solutions that will motivate women to deliver in health facilities.
Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Salehi Amin , Dehnavi Mohsen Movahedi , Mirshekari Amin , Hamidian Mohammad , Hazrati Saeid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.
Conditions for low-carbon green growth
Authors: Fujimori Shinichiro , Oshiro Ken , Hasegawa Tomoko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The movement toward low-carbon human system over the last decade has been remarkable. Numerical scenarios describing future energy and land-use systems that attain climate change mitigation goals have been considered important sources of guidance for climate policymaking. However, no clear strategy for materialising green growth, i.e. vastly reducing greenhouse gas emissions without diminishing economic growth, has been outlined. Here, we describe the conditions needed for green growth under a wide range of carbon budgets. The results indicate that integration of multiple socioeconomic transformative measures would support green growth, including lowering energy demand, shifting to an environmentally friendly food system, technological progress on energy technologies and the stimulus of capital formation induced by green investment. No single measure is sufficient to offset mitigation costs fully, indicating that holistic societal transformation is needed, as the realisation of all measures depends on effective government policies as well as uncertain social and technological changes.
Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality and interpretation of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016–2019
Authors: Pieper Dawid , Hellbrecht Irma , Zhao Linlu , Baur Clemens , Pick Georgia , Schneider Sarah , Harder Thomas , Young Kelsey , Tricco Andrea C , Westhaver Ella , Tunis Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Systematic reviews (SRs) provide the highest level of evidence and inform evidence-based decision making in health care. Earlier studies found association with industry to be negatively associated with methodological quality of SRs. However, this has not been investigated in SRs on vaccines.
Methods

We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE in March 2020. The results were restricted to those published between 2016 to 2019 with no language restrictions. Study characteristics were extracted by one person and checked by an experienced reviewer. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool by multiple reviewers after a calibration exercise was performed. A summary score for each SR was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U-Test and Fisher’s Exact Test were performed to compare both groups.
Results

Out of 185 SRs that met all inclusion criteria, 27 SRs were industry funded. Those were matched with 30 non-industry funded SRs resulting in a total sample size of 57. The mean AMSTAR 2 summary score across all SRs was 0.49. Overall, the median AMSTAR 2 summary score was higher for the non-industry funded SRs than for the industry-funded SRs (0.62 vs. 0.36; p < .00001). Lower ratings for industry funded SRs were consistent across all but one AMSTAR 2 item, though significantly lower only for three specific items.
Conclusion

The methodological quality of SRs in vaccination is comparable to SRs in other fields, while it is still suboptimal. We are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation why industry funded SRs had a significantly lower methodological quality than non-industry funded SRs over recent years. Industry funding is an important indicator of methodological quality for vaccine SRs and should be carefully considered when appraising SR quality.
Feasibility of Providing Unguided Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia to Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Western Australia: A Non-Randomised Feasibility Study
Authors: Kutzer Yvonne , Whitehead Lisa , Quigley Eimear , Stanley Mandy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Approximately 60% of adults over the age of 60 years report that they have trouble sleeping. Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), an evidence-based form of talk therapy, is considered an effective treatment option. This feasibility study examined the suitability of an online CBT-I programme for older adults aged 60 -80 years in Western Australia.Methods: Participants with and without insomnia completed the first out of four online CBT-I modules and provided feedback via an online questionnaire regarding programme acceptability, utility and accessibility.Results: High approval ratings (91.7%) suggest that study participants believed the online CBT-I programme to be acceptable, useful and accessible, independent of their insomnia status. Potential areas for improvement were noted, including making the online programme more customisable and interactive.Conclusions: Findings from this feasibility study indicate that respondents viewed the online CBT-I programme as appropriate for adults aged 60-80 years. The full-scale study will subsequently be conducted without any protocol alterations.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Maternal Sepsis：A Retrospective Study of Whole Pregnancy Period
Authors: Zhong Xuan , Lin Rongfeng , Zhang Wenni , Luo Yiping , Wang Ding 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Maternal sepsis results in poor outcomes such as fetal or maternal death. The incidence and mortality rates of maternal sepsis are variable in different places because of differences in economic development, race, medical conditions, etc. Identifying the clinical features and determining the possible mechanisms for avoiding morbidity and preventing poor outcomes would benefit committed patients. Therefore, this study was an epidemiological study at a maternity transfer centre in Southeast China that aimed to identify local disease features of maternal sepsis.Methods: This was a local epidemiological study in at a tertiary care center in Guangzhou, China, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 74969 pregnant women experiencing childbirth were included in this study; of these women, 74 patients with maternal sepsis were diagnosed by the sepsis criterion, and 118 patients without sepsis in the same period were selected randomly as the control group to study possible reasons for postpartum sepsis. This experiment covers the whole period from first trimester to puerperium. The clinical data were collected via the hospital electronic medical record system. Single-factor regression and multivariate logistic regression were implemented to analyze the risk factors for maternal sepsis.Results: The incidence of maternal sepsis was 0.099%, the maternal mortality ratio was 0.004% and the fetal mortality ratio was 0.007%. For clinical manifestations, septic shock was associated with a higher severity of patient illness. All of the poor outcomes (maternal or fetal death) occurred during pregnancy. Postpartum sepsis had the longest onset period, and postpartum sepsis was associated with the premature rupture of fetal membranes and preeclampsia.Conclusions: Maternal sepsis is an important cause of both maternal and fetal mortality. Here we described an epidemiological study that evaluated the disease incidence, development and prognosis of local maternal sepsis. Furthermore, the characteristics of maternal sepsis is likely due to unknown pathological mechanisms, and patients would benefit from the identification of more effective treatments for maternal sepsis.
Selection and Stability Validation of Reference Gene Candidates for Transcriptional Analysis in Rousettus Aegyptiacus
Authors: Friedrichs Virginia , Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Dorhoi Anca , Pei Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight and their body temperature can reach up to 42°C during flight. Additionally, bats display robust type I IFN interferon (IFN-I) responses and some species constitutively express IFN-α. Reference genes with stable expression under temperature oscillations and IFN-I release are therefore critical for normalization of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data in bats. The expression stability of reference genes in Rousettus aegyptiacus remains elusive, although this species is frequently used in the infection research. We selected ACTB, EEF1A1, GAPDH and PGK1 as candidate reference genes and evaluated their expression stability in various tissues and cells from this model bat species upon IFN-I treatment at 37°C and 40°C by qRT-PCR. We employed two statistical algorithms, BestKeeper and NormFinder, and found that EEF1A1 exhibited the highest stability under all tested conditions. ACTB and GAPDH displayed unstable expression at 40°C and upon IFN-I treatment, respectively. By normalizing to EEF1A1, we uncovered that GAPDH expression was significantly induced by IFN‑I in R. aegyptiacus. Our study identifies EEF1A1 as the most suitable reference gene for qRT-PCR studies and unveils the induction of GAPDH expression by IFN-I in R. aegyptiacus. These findings are pertinent to other bat species and even bear relevance for non-volant mammals that show physiological fluctuations of core body temperature.
Life Cycle Assessment of Methyl Bromide Production and Utilization: Cradle to Grave Analysis
Authors: Manjare Sampatrao , Shanbag Amit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Methyl bromide is an effective and useful insecticide. It has ability to enter rapidly into materials at room temperature & pressure. Nowadays, it is primarily used for container fumigation purposes. However, exposure to it causes serious health-related issues. It is also one of the ozone-depleting substances. In this work, “cradle to gate” and “cradle to grave” approaches are considered to carry out a life cycle assessment of methyl bromide production. SimaPro software with the IMPACT 2002+ method is used to compute the results. From the results of cradle to gate approach, it is inferred that major emissions are due to usage of plant utilities and methanol production process which have a substantial effect on the atmosphere. From the results of cradle to grave approach, it is noted that application of methyl bromide causes significant environmental damage particularly to ozone layer followed by non-carcinogen.
The Efficacy of Topical Bacteriophage Semisolid Preparation on Burn Wounds Infected by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Piranaghl Hanieh , Taherzadeh Zhila , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Soheili Vahid , Noghabi Zahra Sabeti , Memar Bahram , Jalali Seyede Melika , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Recently, antibiotic resistance of post-burn infections caused by opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, became complicated due to its innate and acquired resistance. Bacteriophage therapy containing virulent factors that infect their specific host bacteria can be evaluated as an alternative treatment.In this study,the topical formulation contains lytic phages compared to the antibioticinthe murine model of burn/infected wound healing.Methods & Materials: Lytic bacteriophages were extracted from hospital sewage and propagated in broth culture of P.aeruginosa(24 hours, 37°C) and subsequently filtered.The collected phages were recultured alongside P. aeruginosa. The plaques were observed as clear zones and added to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) base ointment. Twenty-four adult female mice were selected and divided into four groups. Asecond-degree burn wound wascreated on the back of the mice and infected with 100 microliters of 1×102 - 3×102 CFU/ml P. aeruginosa subcutaneously. After 24 hours, each group received one of these interventions: silver sulfadiazine, ointment contains bacteriophage, ointment without bacteriophage (PEG group),or no treatment. Burn wound size, physical activity, and body temperature (rectal) were recorded every other day. On the 10th day, mice were sacrificed through cervical dislocation. Thewound’s skin was cut and evaluated histopathologically.Results: Significant differences inthe burn wound sizeamongthe bacteriophage groupversus the PEG group, the bacteriophage group versus the no-treatment group, and the antibiotic group versus the PEG group (P= 0.001, P= 0.001, P= 0.002 respectively)were observed. Mice’s physical activity was gradually improved in all groups and showed significant differences (P<0.001). Body temperature analyses showed significantdifferences only when day 8th compared with day 2nd, 4th, and 6th (P=0.001, P=0.02, P=0.02 respectively). Histopathological results indicated optimal wound healing in both the antibiotic group and bacteriophage group. However, no significant differences were observed in microscopic histopathological criteria in any groups based on Fisher’s exact statistical tests.Conclusion:Formulated phage ointmenteffectivelyprevents and treats burn wound infection in mice with no allergic reactions.
Implementation of the Findings From the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 Study in Axillary Management in Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study in a Brazilian Public University Hospital
Authors: Sanvido Vanessa Monteiro , Elias Simone , Facina Gil , Bromberg Silvio Eduardo , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate and compare overall survival and locoregional recurrence between patients with invasive breast tumors and sentinel node metastasis undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) alone and those undergoing\\ complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma who had undergone conservative surgery at a public university hospital in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated the overall survival and the onset of locoregional recurrence using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. Results: Overall, 97 participants underwent conservative breast surgery, 41 in the ALND group, and 56 in the SLND group. The mean age was 57.8 years. Only 17% of the patients in the ALND group had an additional biopsy-proven axillary disease, and 83% were treated with complete dissection unnecessarily. The 5-year survival rates were 80.1 and 87.5% in the SLND and ALND groups, respectively (p = 0.376). Locoregional recurrence was rare (1.8% and 7.7% in the SLND and ALND groups, respectively; p = 0.196). Intraoperative assessment was performed in 90.2% and 30.8% cases (p < 0.00001) before and after ACOSOG Z0011, respectively. Additionally, a second surgical procedure was performed in 3.8% of cases after ACOSOG Z0011 criteria adoption.Conclusions: Overall survival and locoregional recurrence were similar between the two groups. The de-escalation of ALND to SLND in women with metastasis in the sentinel lymph node treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy is feasible even in developing countries.