bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La contribution des administrateurs à la fabrique d’une gouvernance démocratique et stratégique dans les coopératives agricoles, le cas Limagrain
Authors: Valiorgue Bertrand , Hollandts Xavier 
Published: February 2021

A partir d’une observation participante de quatre années au sein de la coopérative Limagrain, cet article met en évidence les pratiques de gouvernance mises en oeuvre par les administrateurs pour relever les trois difficultés principales auxquelles les coopératives agricoles sont généralement confrontées : le maintien de l’implication des adhérents, la formulation d’un projet stratégique et le contrôle de l’action des dirigeants. Nos résultats détaillent l’action des administrateurs à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des organes de gouvernance. Nous apportons également des éclairages théoriques originaux au sein du courant governance as practice dans un contexte de gouvernance démocratique.
L’embarras des autorités suisses face aux rassemblements d’extrême droite
Authors: Thomas Matthieu 
Published: February 2021

Le 15 octobre 2016, Unterwasser, petit village du canton de Saint-Gall, accueille un concert de RAC (Rock Against Communism) qui réunit plus de 5.000 personnes. Signalé à l’attention publique par les médias généralistes, le rassemblement devient un événement national suscitant de nombreuses réactions d’indignation et d’interrogation. Cet article retrace la publicisation de ce « concert néonazi » et ses conséquences pour la collectivité politique suisse. Il s’intéresse au processus par lequel un rassemblement d’extrême droite se mue en problème public et montre les difficultés politico-juridiques qui en découlent pour les autorités cantonales et fédérales, interpelées pour agir face à ce « genre » d’événements. L’étude de ce « concert néonazi » met en exergue une tension constitutive des démocraties libérales : le dilemme que constitue la nécessaire articulation dans un État de droit entre libertés fondamentales et sécurité publique.
La vulnérabilité de genre comme problème public
Authors: Maurin Marine 
Published: February 2021

Au Québec, le problème de l’itinérance des femmes est généralement conçu comme le résultat d’une multiplicité et d’une accumulation de violences et de vulnérabilités individuelles et structurelles fondées sur le genre. Pour comprendre cette analyse macropolitique, le présent article propose de considérer ce problème public en regardant au plus près comment il est identifié, défini et réparé en situation, et pas seulement comment il émerge dans les arènes publiques et s’institutionnalise. Pour cela, une ethnographie menée dans un lieu d’accueil et d’hébergement à Montréal a permis de comprendre comment les femmes en situation d’itinérance sont qualifiées et évaluées comme « victimes » de rapports de genre par les intervenantes sociales qui les accueillent. Les opérations de cadrage, au sens microsociologique de Goffman, incarnées dans leurs expériences quotidiennes d’écoute et de soin, les conduisent à s’engager dans des réparations singulières à mi-chemin entre interventions féministes et interventions psychologiques.
Encaisser l’horreur
Authors: Boukir Kamel 
Published: February 2021

Quand Nourredine est mortellement frappé de coups de couteau, la commune de Montrimond est plongée dans la sidération. L’onde de choc traverse les frontières de divers mondes sociaux : les « mecs de Montrimond », la famille, les commerçants et les résidents, les édiles municipaux, les policiers qui se chargent de l’instruction et les médias locaux et régionaux dépêchés sur place. Le deuil est très souvent une affaire privée, à moins que la mort ait une puissance d’ébranlement qui dépasse les frontières de l’intimité. Au coeur du problème éthique qui déchire les protagonistes entre accusation publique et désir de vengeance, la dimension esthétique est coextensive de la ressaisie de l’effroi dans des formes qui opèrent la métamorphose de la foule sidérée en une « communauté d’ébranlés ». En s’intéressant à la façon dont la réflexivité s’incarne à même des formes collectives de sensibilité, l’article montre que la sidération est un choc qui ne conduit pas à faire l’épreuve d’une expérience publique, alors que l’ébranlement engage une éthique de l’indétermination favorable à l’ouverture d’une enquête.
TLR4 promoter rs1927914 variant contributes to the susceptibility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population
Authors: Li Jiaying , Wu Hongjiao , Gao Hui , Kou Ruihuan , Xie Yuning , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: February 2021

Background
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a key regulator of both innate and acquired immunity, has been linked with the development of various cancers, including esophageal cancer. This study aims to analyze the association of potential functional genetic polymorphisms in TLR4 with the risk of esophageal cancer.

Methods
This case-control study involved in 480 ESCC patients and 480 health controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism. Taqman probe method was used to determine the genotypes of TLR4 rs11536891 and rs7873784 variants. The relationship between TLR4 genetic variation and ESCC risk was analyzed by Logistic regression model by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results
Compared with TLR4 rs1927914 AA genotype carriers, GG carriers had a lower ESCC risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.38–0.93], P = 0.023). Stratification analysis by age showed that TLR4 rs1927914 GG could affect the risk of ESCC in elderly people (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36–0.97]). Smoking stratification analysis indicated that rs1927914 GG carriers were related to ESCC susceptibility among non-smokers (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.18–0.73]). Dual luciferase reporter assay suggested that rs1927914 G-containing TLR4 promoter displayed a 1.76-fold higher luciferase activity than rs1927914 A-containing counterpart in KYSE30 cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed the KYSE30 cell nuclear extract was able to bind the probe with rs1927914 G allele and this DNA-protein interaction could be eliminated by competition assays with unlabeled rs1927914 G probe, which indicating that the binding is sequence-specific. Our results also showed that TLR4 rs7873784 (G>C) and rs11536891 (T>C) conformed to complete genetic linkage. The genotype distributions of TLR4 rs11536891 variant among ESCC patients and normal controls have no statistical significance.

Conclusion
The TLR4 rs1927914 variant contributes to the ESCC risk by effecting the promoter activity.
In-vitro Analysis of Trypsin and Alpha - Amylase Inhibitory Activities in Selected Legume Varieties in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeykoon A. M. C. N. , Herath H. M. T. , Jayasinghe M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To quantify the Trypsin Inhibitory Activity (TIA) and Alpha - Amylase Inhibitory Activity (AIA) in legume varieties with effect of cooking.
Study Design: Seeds of twelve legume varieties grown in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in experimental field conditions were used and data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval using MINITAB statistical software.
Place and Duration of Study: Grain Legumes and Oil Crops Research and Development Centre (GLOCRDC), Angunakolapalessa and Industrial Technology Institute (ITI), Colombo, Sri Lanka between June 2019 and Dec 2019.
Methods: Ethanolic (80%) extracts of raw and cooked grain legumes were used. In determining TIA, N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPA) is used as a synthetic substrate for trypsin enzyme and the rate of hydrolysis was measured by intensity of colour released by p-nitroaniline. AIA was carried out determining the maltose content which was released by hydrolysis of starch in the presence of amylase enzyme using reduction of 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid.
Results: TIA in raw legumes ranged from 0.65±0.02 mg/g (ANK- Brown) to 1.52±0.01 mg/g (ANKCP1) while in cooked legumes ranged from -0.11±0.1 mg/g (ANK-Black) to 0.61±0.02 mg/g (MI 5). In pressure cooking (120oC, 10 min) considerable reduction in TIA of 53.74% (MI6) to 100% (ANK-Black, Bombay) was observed. A significant difference (p<0.05) in TIA among the varieties as well as among cooked form of varieties were observed (one- way ANOVA). Further a significant difference (p<0.05) in TIA was observed between cooked and raw form in each legume variety (Paired T-Test).
AIA of cooked samples was ranged from - 11.61% (MI 6) - 23.05% (MISB1) and there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in AIA among the most of the legume varieties.
Conclusion: A significant reduction of TIA among the legumes varieties was observed in the pressure cooking process while a significant activity of alpha- amylase was not seen in cooked legumes.
Salt Iodization and Urinary Iodine Concentration Levels among Primary School Children in Mt. Elgon Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Onteri Stephen N. , Makokha Anselimo O. , Mokua Beatrice Nyanchama Kiage , Ndemwa Philip 
Published: February 2021

Aims: Iodine plays a key role in thyroid hormone production and functioning. Inadequate iodine intake results in iodine deficiency (ID) which impairs the normal functioning of the thyroid. The deficiency is responsible for damage to brain development, growth retardation, cretinism, and thyroid dysfunction. Millions of people have been condemned to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment due to ID. The study was conducted to assess iodine status among primary school children in the Mt. Elgon region and the impact of salt iodization on this status.
Study Design: A school-based cross-sectional descriptive study to assess iodine status among primary school children was employed in the study.
Study Area and Duration: The study was carried out in Kenya, Bungoma County, Mount Elgon Sub-County. The study period was between 27th November 2018 and 26th November 2019.
Methodology: Healthy primary school children aged 6 to 12 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Spot urine samples were collected in schools, while water samples were collected from different water sources. Salt was collected from households (HH) and at distribution outlets. The Sandell Kolthoff reaction was used to analyse urine and water samples while salt was analysed using iodometric titration.
Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 200.7 µg/l. Out of which 0.55% were severely deficient, 5.25% moderately deficient, 18.23% with a mild deficiency, 25.69% had adequate iodine levels, 22.38% had more than adequate, and 27.90% had excess iodine levels. Household and salt samples from different distribution outlets that conformed to set standards of iodization were 49.4% and 63.64%, respectively. Iodine was not detected in all the water samples collected.
Conclusion: The study population was found to have adequate iodine based on the median UIC of 200.7 µg/l. However, there was a coexistence of both deficiency and excessive UIC and salt iodization within the population. No iodine was detected in the water samples in the region.
Detection of HIV-1 and -2 Antibodies among Children and Knowledge, Attitude, Perceptions and Practices (KAPP) of Their Parents in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Okonko Iheanyi O. , Cookey Tochi I. , Chijioke-Nwauche Ifeyinwa N. , Adewuyi-Oseni Sofiat , Onoh Charles C. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: Paediatric testing for HIV in low-income and middle-income countries is poor and must be raved up as this is important for treatment and survival among this disease-prone demographic area. This study was carried out to detect the presence of HIV-1 and -2 antibodies among children receiving health care service in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It also aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, perceptions and practices of their parents on HIV/AIDS in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between August 2012 and July 2015.
Methods: One hundred subjects (58 males and 42 females) were used in this study. Blood samples were collected randomly from children in the outpatient department of the hospital. HIV-1/2 was detected using Gen ScreenTM ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab Kit (BIO-RAD), an ELISA based test kit following the manufacturer's instructions.
Results: The overall prevalence was found to be 5.0%. The gender-specific infection rate shows that males had a higher infection rate (5.2%) for HIV infection than their female counterparts (4.8%). The age-specific prevalence showed that the children in age groups 8-10 years had a higher prevalence (6.7%) than those 2-4 years (4.5%) and 5-7 years (4.2%). None appeared to be significantly associated (P>0.05) with HIV-1/2 antibodies prevalence among the children population. The knowledge, attitude, perceptions and practices of parents of the children indicate that 100.0% of them believed HIV/AIDS is real and children live with it; 62.0% have been screened for HIV before while 38.0% have not; 77.0% believe HIV cannot be cured while 19.0% believe it can; 66.0% know that it can be transmitted from mother to child whereas 16.0% believe it cannot and 70.0% confirmed they share sharp objects.
Conclusion: This study however further confirmed the presence of HIV-1 and 2 antibodies among Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. HIV can affect all age groups, both males and females. Health education campaigns and training on HIV prevention and control is recommended.
Educational Level and Financial Status: Decisive Factors for Level of Spirituality and Psychological Well-being among Elderly
Authors: Singh Ritu , Mehra Manisha 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present study aims to assess the level of spirituality and psychological well being among institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly across their educational level and financial status.
Sample: For the current study, a total of 200 elderly including institutionalized elderly (n1 =100) and a comparable sample of non-institutionalized elderly (n2 =100) were drawn through census and lottery methods respectively.
Sample Selection: The institutionalized elderly were selected from Society Registration Act (SRA) recognized old age homes of Uttarakhand and non-institutionalized elderly were drawn from the nearby localities adjacent to the old age homes.
Tools: Level of spirituality and psychological wellbeing of the respondents was assessed using Spiritual Belief Scale by Deshmukh and Deshmukh (2012) and Psychological Well Being Scale by Sisodia and Choudhary (2012) respectively.
Results: Analysis of level of spirituality among elderly across educational qualification revealed that spirituality increased significantly with higher education. Graduate elderly were significantly more spiritual than those less educated and post graduates were observed to be even significantly more spiritual than graduates. Same trend was observed on psychological well being component. Graduate elderly were significantly more psychologically well than those less educated and post graduates were observed to be even significantly more psychologically well than graduates. Comparison across financial status revealed that elderly with fixed regular income had higher spirituality and psychological well being as compared to those with no fixed regular income.
Conclusion: Socio-economic factors like educational level and financial status are strong determinants of level of spirituality and psychological well being among elderly. Spirituality and psychological well being both pave way for smooth ageing. They provide support for counterbalancing the inefficiencies caused by ageing.
Worm-free Cooking, Fish Safety: Recommendation to Strategy for Opisthorchiasis Prevention Program
Authors: Kitphati Rungrueng , Wongsaroj Thitima , Nithikathkul Choosak 
Published: February 2021

Fish-borne parasitic zoonosis such as Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia and Me Kong Basin region including Thailand. The focal point of Opisthorchiasis is located in north-eastern part of Thailand, along with high prevalence coincidence of cholangiocarcinoma, a major primary carcinoma of the liver with a very poor prognosis. Opisthorchis viverrini infection caused by developed cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini infection is acquired by eating raw or partially cooked fish. In endemic areas, several food preparations contain uncooked or raw freshwater fish. The most common local freshwater fish used for this recipe are Koi Pla, Pla Som, Lab Pla and Pla Yang or Grill fish. Raw fish dishes are known to be associated with the risk of liver fluke infection due to the consumption of cyprinoid fish that contains metacercaria of O. viverrini. Grill fish and Lab-Pla are among the famous Thai traditional food in the northeastern and northern part of Thailand. The consumption of raw Grill fish can lead to O. viverrini infection because cyprinoid fish is a second intermediate host of O. viverrini. This study investigated the literature of previous working for prevention and control of Opisthorchiasis and confirm worm-free cooking safety of cooking with consideration of time for the preparation of freshwater fish-grill for the prevention and control of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma infection. The unique experiment experimental designed. The freshwater fishes grill within the group of 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 minutes with 10 fresh water fishes from fisherman in Nakhon Phanom and Sakhon Nakorn provinces which reported high O. viverrini infection among risk people in 2009. The another experiment using frozen freshwater fish at -10 degree for 5 days. The results showed that metacercariae remained active in control and 1-2 minutes experimental groups. The groups 3-5 minutes of grill fish partially cooked showed inactive metacercariae. The excretory bladder spread with unclear form. The conclusion suggested that worm-free cooking under review, and unique experiment of cook safety is a crucial basic knowledge leading to bringing knowledge, practically for the prevention and control Liver fluke infection. Recommendation information also let people better understand the concerns during health literacy program to stop transmission of liver fluke and need to be discussed among head villagers, public health agencies and teachers in the public participation process and school health program.
Diversity in Qualitative and Quantitative Traits Reveals Huge Potential for the Improvement of an Orphan Crop Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]
Authors: Jifar Habte , Assefa Kebebew , Tesfaye Kassahun , Dagne Kifle , Tadele Zerihun 
Published: February 2021

Aims: To assess the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in major qualitative and quantitative traits of tef accessions based on collection altitudes, and administrative regions and zones.
Study Design: Randomized complete Block Design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Debre Zeit and Holetta Research Centers in 2015 main cropping season.
Methodology: One hundred forty-four tef accessions collected from the Northern and Central Ethiopia were evaluated using five qualitative and seven quantitative traits. Microsoft Excel and Shannon-Weaver diversity index were used to determine the extent of genetic variations while cluster analysis based on the standardized data of various qualitative and quantitative traits was employed to group the accessions and collection altitudes, zones and regions.
Results: Yellowish white lemma, loose panicle, white seed, four internodes and green basal stalk were found to be the predominant phenotypic classes of the studied qualitative traits. The highest mean Shannon diversity was observed for panicle forms (0.396) followed by seed colour (0.370) while the lowest value was for basal stalk colour (0.083). Accessions from Oromia Regional State had the highest mean Shannon diversity and grain yield compared to the other two Regional States. Similarly, accessions from South Wello and West Shewa administrative zones had the highest mean Shannon diversity and highest grain yield, respectively. Besides, accessions from altitudes below 1500 m above sea level (a. s. l.) and from 2001 to 2500 m a. s. l. also had the highest mean diversity and highest mean grain yield, respectively. In cluster analysis, dendrogram constructed based on five qualitative and seven quantitative traits grouped the accessions, collection regions, zones and altitudes into six, two, four and three distinct clusters, respectively.
Conclusion: The present study generally revealed huge diversity among tef accessions collected from different regional states, administrative zones and altitudes which can be harnessed in future improvement of this understudied crop.
Long-term Outcome of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with IC-BFM2002 Regimen
Authors: Bahoush Gholamreza 
Published: February 2021

Background: Changes in pediatric chemotherapy regimens over the last three decades have introduced a variety of protocols to increase the survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Intercontinental Berlin-Frankfort-Munich (IC-BFM) 2002 is one of the protocols widely used in countries that could not perform minimal residual disease by polymerase chain reaction (MRD PCR) method. Evaluation the results of these regimens is very effective in improving their quality.
Materials and Methods: Children with newly diagnosed ALL in Ali Asghar Children's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in both groups underwent chemotherapy according to IC-BFM 2002 protocol. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of reinduction regimen, so that patients in-group A received protocol II and patients in-group B received protocol III as a reinduction regimen. Then demographic information and patient outcome were statistically analyzed with SPSS 23.
Results: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. There were 32 patients in-group A (18 boys and 14 girls) and 31 patients in-group B (11 boys and 20 girls). The number of high-risk patients was higher in-group A, but this difference was not statistically significant. The recurrence rate in-group B patients was about seven times higher than the recurrence rate in group A patients, and this difference was statistically significant. In-group A, no patients had an early relapse, while about half of the recurrences in-group B occurred as early relapse and the rest as late relapse. CNS recurrence occurred in only two patients. 5-yr EFS of all enrolled patients was 88.90 ± 8.00% (95% CI). This rate for group A and B was 96.90 ± 6.20% (95% CI) and 80.60 ± 14.20% (95% CI), respectively (P=0.022).
Conclusion: It seems that IC-BFM 2002 protocol is an appropriate treatment regimen with acceptable results for children with ALL in developing countries, a workable protocol with significant consequences. Protocol II seems to be suitable for reinduction and increasing the Methotrexate dose may not be necessary for non-high-risk groups.