Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among COVID 19 Hospitalized Patients in a Community Hospital in New York City
Authors: Rodriguez Giovanna , Cabesaz Fausto , Li Jefferson , Kirupakaran Johnathan , Kim Eunice , Caputo Michael , Idowu Abidemi , Dave Paulomi , Kitson Deane , Tapia Nilson , Korson Michelle , Ciccone Lyam , Maslach Pierce , Nunez Dennies , Okaikoi Michael , Rodriguez Bianca , Valentin Dhiviyan , Yau Alice , Zheng Beishi , Aye Thida , Jimenez Mabel , Elayaperumal Pramma , Afzal Arslan , Daruwala Orpah , Williams Belinda , Inoue Taiga , Asif Haris , Singh Gurbaj , Kubaar Alaa , Iwuala Sandra , Verassamy Eric , Martinez Jose Escudero , Filias Felix , Zeyneloglu Nejat , Bahtiyar Gul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has disproportionally affected communities of color in the US. These communities exhibit higher prevalence of chronic preventable disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity. DM2 and obesity have been linked to higher morbidity and mortality in the setting of COVID-19 infection (1).
Methods: We query data collected from 521 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 infection admitted to an inner-city community hospital in Brooklyn, New York between March 20 2020 and May 15 2020. Demographics, pre-infection medical comorbidities, laboratory data at admission and clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality were analyzed.
Results: Patients were 61 years on average (+/-17.2), 42.8% were female, 53.9% were Hispanic and 33% were African-American. Most common comorbidities included: hypertension (62%), chronic kidney disease (20.8%), diabetes (45 %). Mean BMI was 29.9 (+/- 8.2). Among patients with no prior diagnosis of diabetes mean A1c was 5.8% (+/-1.2) and 8.7 (+/-2.5) amongst those with a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection and a previous diagnosis of DM2 had significantly higher prevalence of CKD and HTN. Amongst those with T2DM, 19.1% presented with DKA. After adjustment for age, gender, race, BMI and creatinine obese patients, compared with normal-weight patients had significantly higher mortality rate (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2 [OR: 2.29, CI: 95%, P-value: &lt;0.002]) however this association was not observed for DM2 ([OR: 1.25, CI: 95%, P-value: &lt;0.002]).
Conclusion: Our cohort represents a particular population affected by the first wave of Covid-19 infection in an urban inner-city community in NYC. The population studied had a larger proportion of African-American, Hispanic and younger patients compared to national averages; these differences are related to the demographics of the communities served by our hospital. Obesity is a negative prognostic factor in the course of Covid-19 infection in comparison to normal-weight patients. Obesity is a proinflammatory condition, associated with high levels of prothrombotic factors including angiotensin-II, also elevated in COVID-19. Understanding that link may yield valuable knowledge on the role obesity plays in numerous disease states beyond COVID-19. References:(1). Sabin ML, et al. Lancet. 2020;395(10232): 1243–44.(2). Hussain A, et al. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 14(4): 295–300.