bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products on a Poly(ionic liquid)‐Based Cu0–CuI Tandem Catalyst
Authors: Duan Guo‐Yi , Li Xiao‐Qiang , Ding Guang‐Rong , Han Li‐Jun , Xu Bao‐Hua , Zhang Suo‐Jiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 on a polymer‐modified Cu‐based catalyst has shown high multi‐electron reduction (>2 e−) selectivity, however, most of the corresponding current densities are still too small to support industrial applications. In this work, we designed a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)‐based Cu0–CuI tandem catalyst for the production of C2+ products with both high reaction rate and high selectivity. Remarkably, a high C2+ faradaic efficiency (FE
) of 76.1 % with a high partial current density of 304.2 mA cm−2 is obtained. Mechanistic studies reveal the numbers and highly dispersed Cu0‐PIL‐CuI interfaces are vital for such reactivity. Specifically, Cu nanoparticles derived Cu0‐PIL interfaces account for high current density and a moderate C2+ selectivity, whereas CuI species derived PIL‐CuI interfaces exhibit high activity for C−C coupling with the local enriched *CO intermediate. Furthermore, the presence of the PIL layer promotes the C2+ selectivity by lowering the barrier of C−C coupling.
Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio‐Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems
Authors: Guindani Camila , da Silva Lucas Caire , Cao Shoupeng , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Landfester Katharina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry to develop functional and structural building blocks to construct synthetic cell‐like systems. The many strategies and materials that have been developed in recent decades have enabled scientists to engineer synthetic cells and organelles that mimic the essential functions and behaviors of natural cells. Examples include synthetic cells that can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, and even grow and divide. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in the design and construction of synthetic cells and organelles using the bottom‐up approach. Our goal is to present representative synthetic cells of increasing complexity as well as strategies for solving distinct challenges in bottom‐up synthetic biology.
Production of Copolyester Monomers from Plant‐Based Acrylate and Acetaldehyde
Authors: Yuan Lin , Hu Yancheng , Zhao Zhitong , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Wang Feng , Zhang Tao , Li Ning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPCTA is an important copolyester that has been widely used in our daily necessities. Currently, its monomers are industrially produced from petroleum‐derived xylene. To reduce the reliance on fossil energy, we herein disclose an alternative route to access PCTA monomer (terephthalate/isophthalate=2.4/1) in 61 % overall yield using plant‐based acrylate and acetaldehyde as the feedstocks. The process includes Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction of acetaldehyde with acrylate, subsequent one‐step dehydration/Diels–Alder reaction with acrylate over H2SO4/SiO2 catalyst, and final Pd/C‐catalyzed dehydrogenation. Besides, when varying the final step to hydrogenation, another important monomer UNOXOL™ diol (1,4‐trans/1,4‐cis/1,3‐trans/1,3‐cis=5.2/2/2.5/1) can be produced in 67 % overall yield.
Ag/Fe3O4/TiO2@MWCNTs as a reusable organometallic nanocatalyst promoted green synthesis of new pyridobenzoazepines: Study of biological activity and reduction of organic pollutants
Authors: Savari Mehdi , Varasteh‐Moradi Ali , Sayyed‐Alangi S. Zahra , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Zafarmehrabian Ramin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this research, we synthesized the Ag/Fe3O4/TiO2@MWCNTs magnetic nanocomposites using water extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves, and the high performance of synthesized catalyst was confirmed by employing it in the multicomponent reaction of isatoic anhydride, N‐methylimidazole, α‐haloketones, electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds, ammonium acetate, and methyl epoxide in water at ambient temperature for the preparation of new pyridobenzoazepine derivatives in high yields. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized Ag/Fe3O4/TiO2@MWCNTs was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants such as 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within few seconds. The synthesized compounds have OH group in their structure and for this reason maybe show good antioxidant activity. Also, employing Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in the disk diffusion procedure confirmed antimicrobial effect of the some pyridobenzoazepine derivatives. The results showed that synthesized compounds prevented the bacterial growth. This used procedure for preparation of pyridobenzoazepine derivatives have some advantages such as low reaction time, product with high yields, and simple separation of catalyst and products.
Synthetic biology as a tool to online teaching undergraduate level molecular biology
Authors: Castro de Jesus Louise , Cabral Luiz Mors 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, all on‐campus activities were required to be adapted to a distance‐learning format, which was especially challenging for practical courses. Molecular biology is a mandatory course for biology undergraduates at Universidade Federal Fluminense. To overcome the impossibility of practical activities, we proposed problem‐solving synthetic biology assignments to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired in the molecular biology course. A survey indicated that the synthetic biology challenges were effective to promote students' active learning and worked as a proper substitute to the practical classes.
Sister Mary Joseph nodule and the mystery behind its nomenclature
Authors: Subramaniam Thirusivapragasam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysicians, nurses, medical students, and nursing students from around the world are familiar with the Sister Mary Joseph nodule. It can appear in the subcutis of the umbilicus in persons who have malignancies of the stomach, pancreas, gynecological organs or urinary tract, or sometimes the respiratory tract. The mystery is how the term traveled overseas from a in Rochester, Minnesota, where Sister Joseph worked, to England, where it first appeared in publication in a textbook by a British surgeon, Hamilton Bailey. There is no record of Bailey ever meeting Sister Joseph or the Mayo brothers, or of his traveling to Mayo Clinic. This article explores the life of Sister Joseph, her influence on Dr William J. Mayo, and the life of Bailey.
Construction and validation of a prognostic nomogram for anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Ningning , Xu Lu , Wang Qingqing , Chen Fengxia , Zhou Yunfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is the main subtype of anal cancer and has great heterogeneity in prognosis. We aimed to construct a nomogram for predicting their 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates.MethodsPatients with ASCC, enrolled between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017, were identified from the SEER database. They were divided into a training group and a validation group in a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors for OS. Then a prognostic nomogram was established and validated by Harrell consistency index (C‐index), area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsWe identified 761 patients in training group and 326 patients in validation group. Four prognostic factors including age, sex, AJCC stage, and radiotherapy were identified and integrated to construct a prognostic nomogram. The C‐index and AUC values proved the model's effectiveness and calibration plots manifested its excellent discrimination. Furthermore, in comparison to the AJCC stage, the C‐index, AUC, and DCA proved the nomogram to be of good predictive value. Finally, we constructed a risk stratification model for dividing patients into low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk groups, and there were obvious differences in OS.ConclusionsA prognostic nomogram was firstly established for predicting the survival probability of ASCC patients and helping clinicians improve their risk management.
A power–performance partitioning approach for low‐power DA‐based FIR filter design with emphasis on datapath and controller
Authors: Ghamkhari Seyede Fatemeh , Ghaznavi‐Ghoushchi Mohammad Bagher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDistributed arithmetic (DA) is an efficient way to implement sum‐of‐product units, which can be used in applications such as FIR filters, filter banks, image processing, and convolutional neural networks in IoT hardware accelerators. In this paper, a low‐power architecture is offered centered on two key steps, coarse‐grain power‐performance partitioning and fine‐grain separated power supply, and tuned a level shifter in any digital systems implemented based on RTL design. To examine the new design approach, two methods are proposed, at first exploring the power consumption and critical delay path and then separating the power supply of datapath and controller in DA with/without utilizing an implicit level shifter. To investigate power consumption and timing parameters, two 5‐tap and 16‐tap FIR‐filters are implemented in 65‐nm CMOS standard technology. In proposed1, dynamic and static power consumption of 16‐tap (5‐tap) FIR‐filter is improved by 30% (15%) and 59% (59%), respectively. Nevertheless, the delay and slope of the generated signal in the shiftreg are significantly increased by reducing the power supply. To tackle this issue, the second method suggested with 26% (14%) improvement in dynamic power and 55% (58%) in static power consumption, which does not increase any delay in the output of shiftreg compared to conventional DA‐based FIR filter with solitary power supply.
Altporenbeton aus dem Abbruch und Rückbau in Deutschland bis 2050 – eine Vorhersage
Authors: Steins Justus , Volk Rebekka , Kreft Oliver , Schultmann Frank 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPorenbeton ist aufgrund seiner hervorragenden Dämmeigenschaften ein häufig verwendetes Baumaterial für Mauersteine sowie vorgefertigte bewehrte Bauteile und Mineraldämmplatten – mit wachsender Beliebtheit. Altporenbeton aus dem Abbruch und Rückbau von Gebäuden wird derzeit hauptsächlich deponiert. Deponiekapazitäten nehmen jedoch ab und der rechtliche Rahmen verlangt feste Recyclingquoten. Um ein hochwertiges Recyclingnetzwerk von Altporenbeton zu etablieren, werden Informationen über rezyklierbare Mengen, ihr zeitliches Aufkommen und ihre regionale Verteilung benötigt. Da diese bislang nicht vorhanden sind, wurde ein neues Modell zur Quantifizierung von Altporenbeton unter Nutzung historischer Porenbetonproduktion, Bautätigkeit, regionaler Marktanteile von Porenbeton und Gebäudelebensdauern entwickelt. Das Modell wurde für Deutschland im Zeitraum 1950–2050 (jahresgenau) mit geografischer Unterteilung in 401 Regionen angewendet. In den nächsten Jahrzehnten ist den Ergebnissen zufolge mit stark steigenden Altporenbetonaufkommen zu rechnen. Das Aufkommen in Deutschland könnte von 160.000 m3 (2000) über 1.200.000 m3 (2020) auf mehr als 4.000.000m3 (2050) ansteigen. Es werden signifikante Mengen v. a. in großen deutschen Städten wie Berlin, Hamburg, München, Bremen, Hannover, Köln, Frankfurt und Stuttgart erwartet. Diese Ergebnisse bieten eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Kreislaufführung von Altporenbeton in Bezug auf Standort‐ und Kapazitätsplanung sowie Logistik.
The role of maternal touch in the association between SLC6A4 methylation and stress response in very preterm infants
Authors: Mariani Wigley Isabella Lucia Chiara , Mascheroni Eleonora , Fontana Camilla , Giorda Roberto , Morandi Francesco , Bonichini Sabrina , McGlone Francis , Fumagalli Monica , Montirosso Rosario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVery preterm (VPT) infants requiring hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are exposed to several stressful procedural experiences. One consequence of NICU‐related stress is a birth‐to‐discharge increased serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation that has been associated with poorer stress regulation at 3 months of age. Maternal touch is thought to support infants’ stress response, but its role in moderating the effects of SLC6A4 methylation changes is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the role of maternal touch in moderating the association between increased SLC6A4 methylation and stress response in 3‐month‐old VPT infants. Twenty‐nine dyads were enrolled and at 3 months (age corrected for prematurity), participated in the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face paradigm to measure infants’ stress response (i.e., negative emotionality) and the amount of maternal touch (i.e., dynamic and static). Results showed that low level of maternal touch is associated with high level of negative emotionality during social stress. Furthermore, during NICU stay SLC6A4 methylation in VPT exposed to low level of maternal touch at 3 months was associated with increased negative emotionality. Thus, low levels of maternal static touch can intensify the negative effects of SLC6A4 epigenetic changes on stress response in 3‐month‐old VPT infants.
Temporal changes in the potential geographic distribution of Histiotus velatus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), the “decade effect”
Authors: Da Silva Liriann Chrisley , Almeida Rafaela Gonçalves , Silva Pablo Henrique da , Oprea Monik , Mendes Poliana , Brito Daniel , Bernardi Vieira Thiago 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated how the potential distribution of Histiotus velatus is affected by the addition of new records over decades (decade effect). Assuming that (1: hypothesis of the effect of the decade) the addition of new occurrence records over time increases the potential size of the species distribution; and (2: Wallacean distance hypothesis) over the years, the new points added are increasingly distant from the research centers. Considering the geographic knowledge gap of this species, our objective is to report a new record of this species and estimate its potential distribution in South America through environment niche models (ENMs). For this, we compiled records of occurrence of species, selected from 1900 to 2015. We used 19 bioclimatic variables available in the WorldClim database to estimate the potential distribution of the species, and we used three modeling algorithms: Maximum Entropy (MXT), Random Forest (RDF), and Support Vector Machine. To test the Wallacean distance hypothesis, we calculated the Euclidian distance from occurrences to bat research centers in Brazil, located using a national researchers’ information dataset (“Plataforma Lattes”). To test the hypothesis of the decade effect, we used the beta regression analysis, taking conservative and non‐conservative approaches. The results showed that the predicted area expanded and retracted with the addition of new occurrences over the decades, with an improvement in the accuracy of models. Most records are located in the southeastern region of Brazil, but algorithms predicted areas in regions where there are no records. Only the conservative approach has had a positive relationship over the decades. The distance from new points does not increase over the years of research centers.
Evidence for coloration plasticity in the yellow‐bellied toad, Bombina variegata
Authors: Preißler Kathleen , Rodríguez Ariel , Pröhl Heike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhenotypic adaptation in terms of background color matching to the local habitat is an important mechanism for survival in prey species. Thus, intraspecific variation in cryptic coloration is expected among localities with dissimilar habitat features (e.g., soil, vegetation). Yellow‐bellied toads (Bombina variegata) display a dark dorsal coloration that varies between populations, assumed to convey crypsis. In this study, we explored I) geographic variation in dorsal coloration and II) coloration plasticity in B. variegata from three localities differing in substrate coloration. Using avian visual modeling, we found that the brightness contrasts of the cryptic dorsa were significantly lower on the local substrates than substrates of other localities. In experiments, individuals from one population were able to quickly change the dorsal coloration to match a lighter substrate. We conclude that the environment mediates an adaptation in cryptic dorsal coloration. We suggest further studies to test the mechanisms by which the color change occurs and explore the adaptive potential of coloration plasticity on substrates of varying brightness in B. variegata and other species.
Rectangular drainage pattern evolution controlled by pipe cave collapse along clastic dikes, the Dead Sea Basin, Israel
Authors: Hamawi Matanya , Goren Liran , Mushkin Amit , Levi Tsafrir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRectangular drainage networks are characterized by right‐angle bends and confluences. The formation of such drainage patterns is commonly associated with orthogonal sets of fractures, making them an outstanding example for structurally controlled landscape evolution. However, this association remains largely circumstantial because little is known about how rectangular drainages mechanistically link to orthogonal fractures. We investigated these linkages in the hyper‐arid Ami'az Plain located within the Dead Sea Basin in Israel. The Ami'az Plain is penetrated by hundreds of sub‐vertical clastic dikes (mode‐I fractures infilled with sediments) and is also incised by a rectangular canyon system. Numerous caves extend from the banks and heads of the canyon system. Based on field surveys and analysis of high‐resolution airborne LiDAR data, we mapped the Ami'az Plain drainage network and its associated landforms, including sinkholes. Our analysis revealed that the subaerial tributaries of the canyon system and the strike of the clastic dikes show similar orientations. In addition, subsurface mapping with a ground‐based scanning LiDAR, together with field experiments, demonstrated that the caves and sinkholes in the Ami'az Plain are spatially associated with clastic dikes and that the caves formed through piping erosion along dikes. Based on these findings, we suggest that clastic dikes act as efficient infiltration pathways to the subsurface, where flow along clastic dikes induces internal erosion that forms pipe caves. The sinkholes form by collapses of cave roofs. Coalescence of sinkholes and seepage erosion where dikes intersect canyon heads generate new tributaries and act to extend existing ones. Fluvial erosion and subsequent bank collapse modify the canyon network. Our findings emphasize the critical role of subsurface erosion, caves and sinkholes in linking fractures to drainage pattern evolution, and provide a new process‐based framework to interpret rectangular drainage networks on Earth and possibly other planetary surfaces.
The impact of policy on availability and price of low‐price medicines in public healthcare institutions: A retrospective survey in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhu Yulei , Ren Yuqin , Wang Hui , Fang Wenqing , Xu Xinglu , Wang Ying , Dai Huizhen , Li Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn an effort to promote rational drug pricing and relieve the pressure of drug shortages, the Chinese government implemented a low‐price medicine (LPM) policy in July 2014, and abolished price regulations for most medications in June 2015. This study examines trends in the availability and pricing of LPMs since policy implementation. Data on price and availability of 752 LPMs during 2013–2017 were obtained from the Jiangsu Institute of Medicine Information. Availability was defined as the proportion of facilities in which a medicine was in inventory during each survey period. A price index was constructed based on purchasing prices in 40 public healthcare facilities, using a standard method developed by the International Labour Organization. Mean availability fluctuated slightly but held at low levels (<15%). Levels were conspicuously lower in primary hospitals than in secondary and tertiary hospitals. Our logistic regression model showed that the essential medicine designation was the main factor facilitating availability. The overall price index remained static before implementation of the policy, while there was a marked upward trend after implementation of the policy. Further efforts are needed to improve the pharmaceutical supply system, and simultaneously curb unreasonable inflation in medicine costs.
Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic couple stress fluid flow from a shrinking porous sheet: Variational iteration method study
Authors: Reddy G. Janardhana , Hiremath Ashwini , Kumar Mahesh , Bég O. Anwar , Kadir Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMotivated by magnetic polymer manufacturing applications, the present research article examines theoretically the hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting non‐Newtonian couple stress fluid due to a transient shrinking (contracting) porous sheet. The conservation partial differential equations for mass and momentum are rendered into a fifth‐order nonlinear ordinary differential equation via similarity transformations with associated boundary conditions. A semi‐analytical/numerical scheme employing Lagrangian multipliers and known as the variational iteration method (VIM) is implemented to solve the ordinary differential boundary value problem. Validation of the solutions is conducted by benchmarking against earlier Newtonian studies and very good agreement is achieved. A detailed assessment of the impact of couple stress (rheological), unsteadiness, magnetic body force parameter, and wall transpiration (suction/injection) parameter on flow characteristics is conducted with the aid of graphs. A significant deceleration in the flow is computed with increasing injection (acceleration is caused with greater suction) and acceleration is induced with higher unsteadiness parameter values. Increasing magnetic field (higher magnetic number) generates flow acceleration, rather than the customary deceleration, due to the shrinking sheet dynamics. A stronger couple stress effect manifests in strong retardation in the boundary layer flow and an increase in momentum (hydrodynamic|) boundary layer thickness. VIM demonstrates excellent convergence and accuracy and shows significant promise in studying further magnetic polymer fabrication flow problems.