bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to dental radiography in cats and dogs
Authors: Freeman Alix 
Published: July 2021

Background: Dental radiography is an essential tool in veterinary dentistry and should be considered the standard of care for patients undergoing dentistry procedures. Radiography allows more accurate diagnosis of pathology in the oral cavity, as well as providing a thorough assessment of the structures below the gum line which would otherwise be missed during a detailed oral examination.Aim of the article: This article reviews the indications for, and the importance of, intraoral radiography in dogs and cats. It also provides an overview of the essential techniques and useful tips required for successful radiograph acquisition.
The effects of the type of delivery of cognitive‐behavioral therapy for healthcare workers: A systematic review
Authors: Yoo In Gyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this literature review is to assess the extent of knowledge of the effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for healthcare workers by type of delivery.MethodsThe study examined relevant literature published between 2009 and 2020 using searches of four scientific databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO.ResultsFor work stress, work‐related outcomes, and mental and musculoskeletal problems, the effectiveness of face‐to‐face (FTF) interventions were confirmed, whereas, for stress and insomnia, the effectiveness of non‐face‐to‐face (NFTF) interventions was confirmed. FTF interventions were proven to make a significant difference to the outcome of the goal; however, their effects were not clearly distinguished from those of NFTF interventions.ConclusionResults of this review highlight the lack of research aimed at establishing the effectiveness of NFTF interventions. In addition, further research is needed on the long‐term effectiveness of the intervention process and perception of participants and clinicians on group delivery interventions.
Synthesis of (s)‐1‐{3‐[4‐(4‐benzo[d]isothiazol‐3‐yl‐piperazin‐1‐yl)‐3‐fluoro‐phenyl]‐2‐oxo‐oxazolidin‐5‐ylmetyl}‐3‐substituted‐urea derivatives as antibacterial agents
Authors: Patekar Mukunda R. , J. Medhane Vijay , J. Jadhav Ghanshyam , J. Thakare Mayur , G. Deshmukh Dattatray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new series of (s)‐1‐{3‐[4‐(4‐benzo[d]isothiazol‐3‐yl‐piperazin‐1‐yl)‐3‐fluoro‐phenyl]‐2‐oxo‐oxazolidin‐5‐ylmetyl}‐3‐substituted‐urea derivatives have been synthesized and characterized with spectral data, such as IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopies. All compounds arein vitroevaluated for their efficacy as antimicrobial agent against the gram‐positive pathogenic strains such asBacillus subtilis ATCC 6633,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923,Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228andStreptococcus pyogens ATCC 8668. Five compounds (19k,19l,19m,19nand19o) out of 15 compounds showed moderate activity.
Dermatological manifestations associated with COVID‐19: A comprehensive review of the current knowledge
Authors: Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Babazadeh Arefeh , Hasanpour Amirhossein , Barary Mohammad , Sayad Babak , Janbakhsh Alireza , Aryanian Zeinab , Ebrahimpour Soheil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a significant health problem globally. The virus has spread widely and become a global pandemic. The pathophysiology for SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been explained clearly. It has been associated with several multiorgan symptoms, among which its dermatological manifestations are of great interest. Primarily, there has been no report of skin features among COVID‐19 patients. Nevertheless, recently there have been several reports regarding COVID‐19 patients who presented with cutaneous manifestations. In the current review, we focus on the various cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 infection.
Sex‐related differences in reading achievement
Authors: Granocchio Elisa , De Salvatore Marinella , Bonanomi Elisa , Sarti Daniela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the last 40 years, ever‐growing interest in sex‐related differences in the human brain has led to a vast amount of literature on the subject, a small part of which relates to studies of differences in the ability to read. The data concerning typically developing children mainly come from school‐based screening projects (Programme for International Student Assessment, INVALSI) and partially from the standardization of reading tests. These have revealed the existence of a gap in favor of females that primarily appears during adolescence and in situations of sociocultural disadvantage, usually explained on the basis of environmental factors such as socioeconomic status and gender‐based education. Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is significantly more prevalent among males, a difference that neuroimaging and genetic studies have attributed to the presence of hormone‐related protective factors in females, although it has been hypothesized that a different neurocognitive substrate may also be involved. However, the literature on the subject is still limited, and further studies of the interactions between genetic risk, environmental factors, and brain phenotypes are needed to clarify why females are better at performing reading tasks and less susceptible to dyslexia, regardless of their language or the educational system in the country in which they live. The aim of this mini‐review was to describe the studies that have investigated sex‐related differences in reading ability in both typically and atypically developing subjects.
Simultaneous determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids in various parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and risk assessments based on a real‐life exposure scenario
Authors: Zan Ke , Hu Xiaowen , Li Yaolei , Wang Ying , Jin Hongyu , Zuo Tiantian , Ma Shuangcheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids are toxins having hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on human health. A ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique was developed for the first time for the simultaneous determination of eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids, including four diastereoisomers (intermedine, lycopsamine, rinderine, and echinatine) and their respective N‐oxide forms, in different parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum. The risk assessment method for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum was explored using the margin of exposure strategy for the first time based on a real‐life exposure scenario. Differences were found in all eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids in various parts of Eupatorium lindleyanum. Besides, the total levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum followed the order of root > flower > stem > leaf. Moreover, the risk assessment data revealed that the deleterious effects on human health were unlikely at exposure times of less than 200, 37, and 12 days during the lifetimes of Eupatorium lindleyanum leaves, stems, and flowers, respectively. This study reported both the contents of and risk associated with Eupatorium lindleyanum pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The comprehensive application of the novel ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique alongside the risk assessment approach provided a scientific basis for quality evaluation and rational utilization of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Eupatorium lindleyanum to improve public health safety.
Separation of three chromones fromSaposhnikovia divaricatausing macroporous resins followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Sun Jiajia , Su Xiangyi , zhang Zhe , Hu Dexiang , Hou Guige , Zhao Feng , Sun Jufeng , Cong Wei , Wang Chunhua , Li Hongjuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside are three major chromone derivatives ofSaposhnikovia divaricatathat have many pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activities. In the present work, an effective method for the simultaneous separation of prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside with high purities was established using HPD‐300 resin coupled with preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The adsorption kinetics curves of the three compounds on the HPD‐300 resin were studied and found to fit well according to the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The adsorption isotherm results indicated that the adsorption process of the three compounds was exothermic. After a one‐run treatment with the resin, the contents of prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside increased from 0.29, 0.06, and 0.37% to 13.07, 2.83, and 16.91% with recovery yields of 76.38, 78.25, and 76.73%, respectively. Finally, the purities of the three compounds were found to reach more than 95% after further separation using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The method developed in this study was effective and could simultaneously separate three chromones fromSaposhnikovia divaricate. The experimental results also showed that the HPD‐300 resin is suitable for the separation of chromone derivatives.
Benthic iron flux influenced by climate‐sensitive interplay between organic carbon availability and sedimentation rate in Arctic fjords
Authors: Herbert Lisa C. , Zhu Qingzhi , Michaud Alexander B. , Laufer‐Meiser Katja , Jones Christopher K. , Riedinger Natascha , Stooksbury Zachery S. , Aller Robert C. , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Wehrmann Laura M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBenthic iron (Fe) fluxes from continental shelf sediments are an important source of Fe to the global ocean, yet the magnitude of these fluxes is not well constrained. Processing of Fe in sediments is of particular importance in the Arctic Ocean, which has a large shelf area and Fe limitation of primary productivity. In the Arctic fjords of Svalbard, glacial weathering delivers high volumes of Fe‐rich sediment to the fjord benthos. Benthic redox cycling of Fe proceeds through multiple pathways of reduction (i.e., dissimilatory iron reduction and reduction by hydrogen sulfide) and re‐oxidation. There are few estimates of the magnitude and controlling factors of the benthic Fe flux in Arctic fjords. We collected cores from two Svalbard fjords (Kongsfjorden and Lilliehöökfjorden), measured dissolved Fe2+ concentrations using a two‐dimensional sensor, and analyzed iron, manganese, carbon, and sulfur species to study benthic Fe fluxes. Benthic fluxes of Fe2+ vary throughout the fjords, with a “sweet spot” mid‐fjord controlled by the availability of organic carbon linked to sedimentation rates. The flux is also impacted by fjord circulation and sea ice cover, which influence overall mineralization rates in the sediment. Due to ongoing Arctic warming, we predict an increase in the benthic Fe2+ flux with reduced sea ice cover in some fjords and a decrease in the Fe2+ flux with the retreat of tidewater glaciers in other regions. Decreasing benthic Fe2+ fluxes in fjords may exacerbate Fe limitation of primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean.
Broadband Achromatic Metalens in Mid‐Wavelength Infrared
Authors: Ou Kai , Yu Feilong , Li Guanhai , Wang Wenjuan , Chen Jin , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Huang Lujun , Li Tianxin , Li Zhifeng , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetasurface provides a powerful platform to correct the chromatic aberration of conventional lenses in a flexible, integratable, and ultra‐compact manner. Mid‐wavelength infrared has promised many exciting applications ranged from molecular fingerprint detection to low‐light‐level night vision. Developing broadband achromatic metalens in mid‐wavelength infrared becomes necessary to meet the increasingly urgent demands on high performance photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate the broadband achromatic metalenses from 3.5 to 5 µm with all‐silicon metasurfaces. Large phase dispersion control range is achieved to realize metalenses with both large numerical apertures and sample sizes while maintaining high focusing efficiency. The experimental results verify the diffraction‐limited achromatic focusing and imaging of the metalenses in mid‐wavelength infrared. Additionally, we also demonstrate the versatility by successfully implementing the generation of the broadband achromatic focusing optical vortex (L = 2). This work represents a solid step toward practical implementation of metalens and may find applications in mid‐wavelength infrared imaging and detections.
Repair of a large recurrent congenital lumbar hernia with free composite anterolateral thigh flap, tensor fascia lata flap, and vastus lateralis flap and meshes: A case report
Authors: Yu Anna E. , Weng Hui‐Ching , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCongenital lumbar hernia (LH) is a rare abdominal wall herniation and associated with lumbocostovertebral syndrome, including vertebral anomalies, costal defects and LH. There are reports using extraperitoneal placement of mesh, patches, and local flaps for repairing the LH. In this report we present a case of repair of a large recurrent congenital LH with free composite anterolateral thigh flap, tensor fascia lata flap and vastus lateralis flap (ALT‐TFL‐VL flap) and meshes. The patient underwent multiple cutaneous neurofibroma excisions before the treatment of LH. Recurrent neurofibroma and congenital aplasia of lumbar muscles at right flank may contribute to the patient's diffuse congenital LH development. Considering a large fascia defect (12 cm × 15 cm) with absence of lumbar muscles at the herniation site, using mesh alone is not strong enough to stop the herniation of bowel. Transposition of right pedicled ALT‐TFL‐VL flap (35 cm × 12 cm) with mesh was first attempted but proven to be futile, since the right lumbar wall bulged out from the distal border of previous reconstructed fascia. Thus, another free composite ALT‐TFL‐VL flap (35 cm × 15 cm) from left thigh was transferred on top of the previous pedicled flap, followed by delayed free flap advancement and surgical mesh addition. Post‐operative course was smooth without complications. Twenty‐one months after the surgery, computed tomography showed no recurrence of LH. Such case with large recurrent diffuse LH may be treated by a combination of conventional method with meshes and serial reconstruction with pedicled and free flaps for dynamic reconstruction of abdominal wall.
Deep‐learning based super‐resolution for 3D isotropic coronary MR angiography in less than a minute
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Munoz Camila , Psenicny Alina , Bustin Aurelien , Fuin Niccolo , Qi Haikun , Neji Radhouene , Kunze Karl , Hajhosseiny Reza , Prieto Claudia , Botnar René 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a novel and generalizable super‐resolution (SR) deep‐learning framework for motion‐compensated isotropic 3D coronary MR angiography (CMRA), which allows free‐breathing acquisitions in less than a minute.MethodsUndersampled motion‐corrected reconstructions have enabled free‐breathing isotropic 3D CMRA in ~5‐10 min acquisition times. In this work, we propose a deep‐learning–based SR framework, combined with non‐rigid respiratory motion compensation, to shorten the acquisition time to less than 1 min. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed consisting of two cascaded Enhanced Deep Residual Network generator, a trainable discriminator, and a perceptual loss network. A 16‐fold increase in spatial resolution is achieved by reconstructing a high‐resolution (HR) isotropic CMRA (0.9 mm3or 1.2 mm3) from a low‐resolution (LR) anisotropic CMRA (0.9 × 3.6 × 3.6 mm3or 1.2 × 4.8 × 4.8 mm3). The impact and generalization of the proposed SRGAN approach to different input resolutions and operation on image and patch‐level is investigated. SRGAN was evaluated on a retrospective downsampled cohort of 50 patients and on 16 prospective patients that were scanned with LR‐CMRA in ~50 s under free‐breathing. Vessel sharpness and length of the coronary arteries from the SR‐CMRA is compared against the HR‐CMRA.ResultsSR‐CMRA showed statistically significant (P< .001) improved vessel sharpness 34.1% ± 12.3% and length 41.5% ± 8.1% compared with LR‐CMRA. Good generalization to input resolution and image/patch‐level processing was found. SR‐CMRA enabled recovery of coronary stenosis similar to HR‐CMRA with comparable qualitative performance.ConclusionThe proposed SR‐CMRA provides a 16‐fold increase in spatial resolution with comparable image quality to HR‐CMRA while reducing the predictable scan time to <1 min.
Aggregation Induced Emissive Luminogens for Sensing of Toxic Elements
Authors: Zalmi Geeta A. , Gawade Vilas K. , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe major findings in the growing field of aggregation induced emissive (AIE) active materials for the detection of environmental toxic pollutants have been summarized and discussed in this Review article. Owing to the underlying photophysical phenomenon, fluorescent AIE active molecules show more impact on sensing applications. The major focus in current research efforts is on the development of AIE active materials such as TPE based organic fluorescent molecules, metal organic framework, and polymers that can be employed for the detection of toxic pollutants such as CN−, NO2−, Hg2+, Cd2+, As3+, As5+, F−, Pb2+, Sb3+ ions.
The educational value of virtual ecologies in Red Dead Redemption 2
Authors: Crowley Edward J. , Silk Matthew J. , Crowley Sarah L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Playing video games is often perceived as the antithesis of engaging with, and learning about, the natural world. Nevertheless, there is growing recognition that digital media is now a central part of many people's lives. This has led to increased efforts to harness the power and popularity of digital games for both ecological education and conservation advocacy.

Games designed for educational purposes may be perceived as too niche, or have insufficient resources, to reach wider audiences. In contrast, big budget video games reach many millions of players, but are generally designed for entertainment rather than education. Red Dead Redemption 2 (RDR2), a Western‐themed action‐adventure game, is one such product. Nevertheless, due to its detailed, open‐world simulation of late 19th century North American ecosystems, it provides opportunities for players to learn about real‐world wildlife.

We surveyed self‐described gamers who both had, and had not, played RDR2. Participants undertook a wildlife identification quiz focusing on 15 species depicted in the game. We also asked participants about their self‐reported learning and experiences of playing RDR2.

We found that participants who had played RDR2 correctly identified more species in the quiz, with this improvement enhanced by having completed the game's main storyline, played more recently or played online in a ‘Naturalist’ role. The difference in performance was greatest for ungulate and fish species which have high in‐game utility value.

In addition to species identification, participants reported learning about animal behaviours and interspecies interactions. Their most memorable experiences were associated with RDR2's immersive environment and ability to provoke emotional responses.

We conclude that big‐budget video games can have educational as well as entertainment value and should be taken seriously by educators, ecologists and conservationists as a communicative force.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Preparation of MWCNTs@SiO2 hybrids and its flame retardant synergistic effects with hyperbranched triazine‐based flame retardant on polypropylene
Authors: Xu Jiayou , Deng Haiming , Luo Minyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntumescent flame retardant (IFR) which is composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and hyperbranched triazine‐based char‐forming agent (HECA) is widely used in polypropylene (PP). However, how to reduce addition and improve the mechanical properties is still a problem. In this work, a new kind of MWCNTs@SiO2 hybrids which combine MWNTs and nano‐SiO2 was designed and prepared by the Stöber method. Results demonstrated that the MWCNTs@SiO2 hybrids can decrease the addition of IFR from 25 to 20 wt%, when 1 wt% of MWCNTs@SiO2 hybrids and 19 wt% of IFR were mixed and incorporated into PP, the flame retardant reached UL‐94 V‐0 rating, at the same time, reduce the heat release rate and smoke density of combustion. The reasons could be explained as MWCNTs@SiO2 improved the pyrolysis activation energy of PP/IFR and then improved the thermal stability of PP composites. MWCNTs@SiO2 hybrids formed a three‐dimensional network structure in PP/IFR composites and improved the shielding efficiency of PP/IFR char layer, which hindered heat and mass transfer, and then reduces heat release and smoke density. The formation of dense and continuous char layer during the combustion is considered as the contributing factor which is related to cooperation of MWCNTs@SiO2 and IFR.
Comparison of the predictive value of area under the curve versus maximum serum concentration of intravenous tobramycin in cystic fibrosis patients treated for an acute pulmonary exacerbation
Authors: Landmesser Katherine B. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Gardner Brian M. , Bosko Katherine A. , Schadler Aric , Kuhn Robert J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic predictive value of area under the curve (AUC24) versus maximum concentration (Cmax) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receiving intravenous (IV) tobramycin for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE). Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence and the relationship between time undetectable and efficacy were also assessed.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted in patients aged at least 1 month with a diagnosis of CF receiving IV tobramycin for treatment of a PsA APE and admitted to the University of Kentucky between August 2015 and August 2019. Patients were excluded if they had no growth of PsA on sputum culture or if two postdose tobramycin levels were not obtained following a dose adjustment of ≥20%.ResultsA total of 44 pediatric and 107 adult patient encounters met inclusion criteria. In patients with therapeutic success (n = 91), 75.8% had an AUC24 ≥80% and 80.3% had a Cmax ≥8 times the highest PsA minimal inhibitory concentration. There was a significant correlation between AUC24 and Cmax (r[149] = 0.727; p < 0.001). AKI incidence was significantly higher in patients receiving IV tobramycin dosed multiple times daily versus at least every 24 h (χ2[1, 151] = 3.9; p =  0.047).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that both AUC24 and Cmax serve as relatively accurate predictors of tobramycin efficacy. Additionally, given the significant increase in incidence of AKI, multidaily dosing of IV tobramycin should be avoided in pediatric and adult patients with CF.