bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial of two artificial intelligence coaching interventions to increase physical activity in cancer survivors
Authors: Hassoon Ahmed , Baig Yasmin , Naiman Daniel Q. , Celentano David D. , Lansey Dina , Stearns Vered , Coresh Josef , Schrack Jennifer , Martin Seth S. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Zeilberger Hadas , Appel Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits. Personalized coaching may increase adherence to PA recommendations, but it is challenging to deliver personalized coaching in a scalable manner. The objective of our study was to determine whether novel artificially intelligent (AI) coaching interventions increase PA among overweight or obese, physically inactive cancer survivors compared to a control arm that receives health information. We conducted a single-center, three-arm randomized trial with equal allocation to (1) voice-assisted AI coaching delivered by smart speaker (MyCoach), (2) autonomous AI coaching delivered by text message (SmartText), and (3) control. Data collection was automated via sensors and voice technology, effectively masking outcome ascertainment. The primary outcome was change in mean steps per day from baseline to the end of follow-up at 4 weeks. Of the 42 randomized participants, 91% were female, and 36% were Black; mean age was 62.1 years, and mean BMI was 32.9 kg/m2. The majority were breast cancer survivors (85.7%). At the end of 4 weeks follow-up, steps increased in the MyCoach arm by an average of 3618.2 steps/day; the net gain in this arm was significantly greater [net difference = 3568.9 steps/day (95% CI: 1483–5655), P value <0.001] compared to control arm, and [net difference = 2160.6 steps/day (95% CI: 11–4310), P value 0.049] compared to SmartText. In conclusion, AI-based voice-assisted coaching shows promise as a practical method of delivering scalable, individualized coaching to increase physical activity in sedentary cancer survivors. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings in a broader population of cancer survivors and to investigate the effects of these interventions in the general population.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03212079, July 11, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212079.
Low-rank Gallus gallus domesticus chicks are better at transitive inference reasoning
Authors: Daisley Jonathan Niall , Vallortigara Giorgio , Regolin Lucia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA form of deductive reasoning, transitive inference, is thought to allow animals to infer relationships between members of a social group without having to remember all the interactions that occur. Such an ability means that animals can avoid direct confrontations which could be costly. Here we show that chicks perform a transitive inference task differently according to sex and rank. In female chicks, low-ranking birds performed better than did the highest ranked. Male chicks, however, showed an inverted U-shape of ability across rank, with the middle ranked chicks best able to perform the task. These results are explained according to the roles the sexes take within the group. This research directly links the abilities of transitive inference learning and social hierarchy formation and prompts further investigation into the role of both sex and rank within the dynamics of group living.
PUFA synthase-independent DHA synthesis pathway in Parietichytrium sp. and its modification to produce EPA and n-3DPA
Authors: Ishibashi Yohei , Goda Hatsumi , Hamaguchi Rie , Sakaguchi Keishi , Sekiguchi Takayoshi , Ishiwata Yuko , Okita Yuji , Mochinaga Seiya , Ikeuchi Shingo , Mizobuchi Takahiro , Takao Yoshitake , Mori Kazuki , Tashiro Kosuke , Okino Nozomu , Honda Daiske , Hayashi Masahiro , Ito Makoto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe demand for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LC-PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), will exceed their supply in the near future, and a sustainable source of n-3LC-PUFAs is needed. Thraustochytrids are marine protists characterized by anaerobic biosynthesis of DHA via polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase (PUFA-S). Analysis of a homemade draft genome database suggested that Parietichytrium sp. lacks PUFA-S but possesses all fatty acid elongase (ELO) and desaturase (DES) genes required for DHA synthesis. The reverse genetic approach and a tracing experiment using stable isotope-labeled fatty acids revealed that the ELO/DES pathway is the only DHA synthesis pathway in Parietichytrium sp. Disruption of the C20 fatty acid ELO (C20ELO) and ∆4 fatty acid DES (∆4DES) genes with expression of ω3 fatty acid DES in this thraustochytrid allowed the production of EPA and n-3docosapentaenoic acid (n-3DPA), respectively, at the highest level among known microbial sources using fed-batch culture.
Impacts of hydropower on the habitat of jaguars and tigers
Authors: Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Gibson Luke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rapid expansion of hydropower across tropical landscapes has caused extensive habitat loss and degradation, triggering biodiversity loss. Despite known risks to freshwater biodiversity, the flooding of terrestrial habitats caused by dam construction, and associated impacts on terrestrial biota, have been rarely considered. To help fill this knowledge gap, we quantified the habitat loss following inundation of hydropower reservoirs across the range of two iconic species, jaguars and tigers. To do so, we compiled existing and planned dams intersecting the distribution of these apex predators. We found 164 dams intersecting the jaguar range, in total flooding 25,397 km2. For tigers, we identified 421 dams, amounting to 13,750 km2. As hydropower infrastructure is projected to expand in the decades ahead, these values are expected to increase greatly, particularly within the distribution of jaguars where the number of dams will nearly quadruple (429 planned dams). Despite the relatively few dams (41) planned across the range of tigers, most will intersect priority conservation areas for this species. We recommend a more cautious pursuit of hydropower in topographically flat regions, to avoid extensive habitat flooding which has occurred in the Neotropics, and avoiding dam construction in priority conservation landscapes for tigers.
Energetics of lipid transport by the ABC transporter MsbA is lipid dependent
Authors: Guo Dawei , Singh Himansha , Shimoyama Atsushi , Guffick Charlotte , Tang Yakun , Rowe Sam M. , Noel Timothy , Spring David R. , Fukase Koichi , van Veen Hendrik W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ABC multidrug exporter MsbA mediates the translocation of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids across the plasma membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. Although MsbA is structurally well characterised, the energetic requirements of lipid transport remain unknown. Here, we report that, similar to the transport of small-molecule antibiotics and cytotoxic agents, the flopping of physiologically relevant long-acyl-chain 1,2-dioleoyl (C18)-phosphatidylethanolamine in proteoliposomes requires the simultaneous input of ATP binding and hydrolysis and the chemical proton gradient as sources of metabolic energy. In contrast, the flopping of the large hexa-acylated (C12-C14) Lipid-A anchor of lipopolysaccharides is only ATP dependent. This study demonstrates that the energetics of lipid transport by MsbA is lipid dependent. As our mutational analyses indicate lipid and drug transport via the central binding chamber in MsbA, the lipid availability in the membrane can affect the drug transport activity and vice versa.
Dimeric and high-resolution structures of Chlamydomonas Photosystem I from a temperature-sensitive Photosystem II mutant
Authors: Caspy Ido , Schwartz Tom , Bayro-Kaiser Vinzenz , Fadeeva Mariia , Kessel Amit , Ben-Tal Nir , Nelson Nathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWater molecules play a pivotal functional role in photosynthesis, primarily as the substrate for Photosystem II (PSII). However, their importance and contribution to Photosystem I (PSI) activity remains obscure. Using a high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) PSI structure from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii temperature-sensitive photoautotrophic PSII mutant (TSP4), a conserved network of water molecules - dating back to cyanobacteria - was uncovered, mainly in the vicinity of the electron transport chain (ETC). The high-resolution structure illustrated that the water molecules served as a ligand in every chlorophyll that was missing a fifth magnesium coordination in the PSI core and in the light-harvesting complexes (LHC). The asymmetric distribution of the water molecules near the ETC branches modulated their electrostatic landscape, distinctly in the space between the quinones and FX. The data also disclosed the first observation of eukaryotic PSI oligomerisation through a low-resolution PSI dimer that was comprised of PSI-10LHC and PSI-8LHC.
Cryo-EM reveals unique structural features of the FhuCDB Escherichia coli ferrichrome importer
Authors: Hu Wenxin , Zheng Hongjin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs one of the most elegant biological processes developed in bacteria, the siderophore-mediated iron uptake demands the action of specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers. Although extensive studies have been done on various ABC importers, the molecular basis of these iron-chelated-siderophore importers are still not fully understood. Here, we report the structure of a ferrichrome importer FhuCDB from Escherichia coli at 3.4 Å resolution determined by cryo electron microscopy. The structure revealed a monomeric membrane subunit of FhuB with a substrate translocation pathway in the middle. In the pathway, there were unique arrangements of residues, especially layers of methionines. Important residues found in the structure were interrogated by mutagenesis and functional studies. Surprisingly, the importer’s ATPase activity was decreased upon FhuD binding, which deviated from the current understanding about bacterial ABC importers. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, these studies not only reveal a new structural twist in the type II ABC importer subfamily, but also provide biological insights in the transport of iron-chelated siderophores.
Phase-contrast X-ray tomography resolves the terminal bronchioles in free-breathing mice
Authors: Shaker Kian , Häggmark Ilian , Reichmann Jakob , Arsenian-Henriksson Marie , Hertz Hans M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhase-contrast X-ray lung imaging has broken new ground in preclinical respiratory research by improving contrast at air/tissue interfaces. To minimize blur from respiratory motion, intubation and mechanical ventilation is commonly employed for end-inspiration gated imaging at synchrotrons and in the laboratory. Inevitably, the prospect of ventilation induced lung injury (VILI) renders mechanical ventilation a confounding factor in respiratory studies of animal models. Here we demonstrate proof-of-principle 3D imaging of the tracheobronchial tree in free-breathing mice without mechanical ventilation at radiation levels compatible with longitudinal studies. We use a prospective gating approach for end-expiration propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging where the natural breathing of the mouse dictates the acquisition flow. We achieve intrapulmonary spatial resolution in the 30-μm-range, sufficient for resolving terminal bronchioles in the 60-μm-range distinguished from the surrounding lung parenchyma. These results should enable non-invasive longitudinal studies of native state murine airways for translational lung disease research in the laboratory.
Large diatom bloom off the Antarctic Peninsula during cool conditions associated with the 2015/2016 El Niño
Authors: Costa Raul Rodrigo , Mendes Carlos Rafael Borges , Ferreira Afonso , Tavano Virginia Maria , Dotto Tiago Segabinazzi , Secchi Eduardo Resende 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiatoms play crucial functions in trophic structure and biogeochemical cycles. Due to poleward warming, there has been a substantial decrease in diatom biomass, especially in Antarctic regions that experience strong physical changes. Here we analyze the phytoplankton contents of water samples collected in the spring/summer of 2015/2016 off the North Antarctic Peninsula during the extreme El Niño event and compare them with corresponding satellite chlorophyll-a data. The results suggest a close link between large diatom blooms, upper ocean physical structures and sea ice cover, as a consequence of the El Niño effects. We observed massive concentrations (up to 40 mg m–3 of in situ chlorophyll-a) of diatoms coupled with substantially colder atmospheric and oceanic temperatures and high mean salinity values associated with a lower input of meltwater. We hypothesize that increased meltwater concentration due to continued atmospheric and oceanic warming trends will lead to diatom blooms becoming more episodic and spatially/temporally restricted.
Asteroseismology of β Cephei stars: The stellar inferences tested in hare and hound exercises
Authors: Salmon S. J. A. J. , Eggenberger P. , Montalbán J. , Miglio A. , Noels A. , Buldgen G. , Moyano F. , Meynet G. 
Published: December 2021

Context. The β Cephei pulsators are massive, ∼8−25 M⊙ essentially on the main sequence, stars. The number of detected modes in β Cephei stars often remains limited to less than a dozen of low radial-order modes. Such oscillation modes are in principle able to constrain the internal processes acting in the star. They probe the chemical gradient at the edge of the convective core, in particular its location and extension. They hence give constraints on macroscopic processes, such as hydrodynamic or magnetic instabilities, that have an impact on the mixing there. Yet, it is not clear to what extent the seismic inferences depend on the physics employed for the stellar modelling or on the observational dataset used. Consequently, it is not easy to estimate the accuracy and precision on the parameters and the nature of the physical processes inferred.
Aims. We investigate the observational constraints, in particular the properties of the minimum set of pulsations detected, which are necessary to provide accurate constraints on the mixing processes in β Cephei stars. We explore the importance of the identification of the angular degree of the modes. In addition, depending on the quality of the seismic dataset and the classical non-seismic constraints, we aim to estimate, in a systematic way, the precision achievable with asteroseismology on the determination of their stellar parameters.
Methods. We propose a method extending the forward approach classically used to model β Cephei stars. With the help of Monte-Carlo simulations, the probability distributions of the asteroseismic-derived stellar parameters were obtained. With these distributions, we provide a systemic way to estimate the errors derived from the modelling. A particular effort was made to include, not only the observational errors, but also the theoretical uncertainties of the models. We then estimated the accuracy and precision of asteroseismology for β Cephei stars in a series of hare and hound exercises.
Results. The results of the hare and hounds show that a set of four to five oscillation frequencies with an identified angular degree already leads to accurate inferences on the stellar parameters. Without the identification of the modes, the addition of other observational constraints, such as the effective temperature and surface gravity, still ensures the success of the seismic modelling. When the internal microscopic physics of the star and stellar models used for the modelling differ, the constraints derived on the internal structure remain valid if expressed in terms of acoustic variables, such as the radius. However, they are then hardly informative on structural variables expressed in mass. The characterisation of the mixing processes at the boundary of the convective core are model-dependent and it requires the use of models implemented with processes of a similar nature.
VLA proper motion constraints on the origin, age, and potential magnetar future of PSR J1734−3333
Authors: Espinoza C. M. , Vidal-Navarro M. , Ho W. C. G. , Deller A. , Chatterjee S. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The characteristic age of PSR J1734−3333 estimated from its current spin down rate implies that it is a young pulsar (τc = 8.1 kyr). However, the time derivative of its spin-down rate differs markedly from that assumed for normal radio pulsars, meaning its actual age is uncertain. G354.8−0.8 is a supernova remnant (SNR) whose centre is located 21′ away from the pulsar, and which has a morphology that suggests an association with the pulsar.Aims.We aim to assess the likelihood of the association between PSR J1734−3333 and G354.8−0.8 or other nearby SNRs quantitatively, with the objective of shedding light on the real age of this pulsar.Methods.Observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array were carried out in 2015 and 2019 that allow precise astrometric measurements and consequently a proper motion estimate for the pulsar.Results.The proper motion was found to beμα = 10 ± 10 mas yr−1andμδ = −29 ± 11 mas yr−1(error bars are 1-σ). Though marginal, this detection rules out the association with G354.8−0.8 because it means the pulsar is not moving away from the centre of the SNR. No SNR consistent with the measured proper motion and an ageτccould be found. We also present the first measurement of the spectral index for this pulsar,α = −1.1 ± 0.3, measured between 1.5 and 3.0 GHz.Conclusions.The SNR produced by the birth supernova of PSR J1734−3333 could have already faded to undetectable brightness, estimates of which suggest timescales of 10 − 100 kyr. This and other considerations lead us to conclude that the pulsar is possibly older than 45 − 100 kyr. PSR J1734−3333 is a pulsar with rotational properties that place it between standard radio pulsars and magnetars, and we interpret our result in the context of a possible future life as a magnetar for this pulsar.
Die Trochleaplastik als Behandlungsoption bei chronischer Patellainstabilität
Authors: Schmeling Arno 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie chronische patellofemorale Instabilität (PFI) ist ein multifaktorielles Geschehen. Bei 85–96 % der Patienten mit PFI liegt eine Trochleadysplasie vor 7. Die hier vorgestellte Technik der Trochleaplastik stellt daher eine kausale Therapieoption dar und zeigt vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Da die Indikationsstellung von bildmorphologischen, klinischen und funktionellen Faktoren abhängig ist, sollten jedoch auch immer alle weiteren Risikofaktoren einer PFI berücksichtigt und evaluiert werden.
Mythbusters! The Truth about Common Misconceptions in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Woodson Erika A. , Aaron Ksenia , Nguyen-Huynh Ahn , Vargo Jonathan , Mowry Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCochlear implantation (CI) is the preferred method of hearing rehabilitation when patients cannot perform well with traditional amplification. Unfortunately, there are still significant misconceptions around this life-changing intervention. The goal of this article is to address some of the most common myths around CI surgery. After reading this article, the learner will be able to explain the utility of CI in patients with residual hearing and recognize that insurance coverage is widespread. The reader will be able to list common risks associated with this well-tolerated procedure including anesthetic risk and the risk of vestibular dysfunction. Additionally, the reader will be able to identify the significant positive impact of CI on patients' quality of life. Finally, the reader will identify that many patients can safely have an MRI scan after implantation, including nearly all contemporary recipients.
2.4 CuAAC in Carbohydrate Conjugation
Authors: Agrahari A. K. , Mishra A. , Tiwari V. K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCopper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC), as a versatile, reliable, and modular strategy, have been widely investigated in the area of glycoscience during the last 20 years. Herein, we presented a brief overview of CuAAC click approaches for easy access to diverse simple and complex triazole-appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures. Both intermolecular and intramolecular CuAAC conjugation of glycosylated azides and terminal alkynes have been widely employed for the regioselective triazole-forming reaction under standard click conditions.
6.1 Thiol–Ene/Yne Click Reactions: A Powerful Tool Toward Diversity-Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Sinha A. K. , Singh R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe clickable addition reaction between thiols and unsaturated compounds leading to the generation of (branched/linear) thioethers or (branched/linear) vinyl sulfides is known as the hydrothiolation reaction. Based upon the nature of unsaturation, i.e. double bond or triple bond, hydrothiolation reactions are classified as thiol–ene and thiol–yne click reactions, respectively. These reactions have emerged as a powerful and widely used strategy for the generation of carbon–sulfur bonds due to several associated benefits including versatile synthetic procedures, wide functional-group tolerance, high atom economy with few to no byproducts, and simple purification. The hydrothiolation reactions have numerous trapping applications in the fields of polymer chemistry, nanoengineering, pharmaceuticals, natural products, and perhaps most importantly in medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of many drugs and bioactive molecules.
Dealing with stress and intervention models in families with children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: González-Herrera Ana Isabel , Pérez-Jorge David , Díaz-Fuentes Yesenia , Rodríguez-Jiménez María del Carmen , Ariño-Mateo Eva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany academics working in the field of education have written about children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its variant, specifically Asperger’s Syndrome. This research aims to analyze and assess the studies and psycho-pedagogical actions developed to understand the actual experience of the families around the stress derived from the presence of a child with ASD. To this end, the strategies used by the families to deal with this situation should be assessed. This paper presents a systematic review based on an exhaustive search in key databases involving a total of 16 updated studies, published between 2010 and 2020, and a selection process that looked at results from five perspectives: causes of stress, strategies used by fathers, mothers, and siblings to manage the stress, more frequent intervention models, and the importance of the family–school relationship in coping with the reality and needs of these children.