bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Value of Cytokeratin and Extracellular Collagen
Expression in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ingenwerth Marc , Nyirády Péter , Hadaschik Boris , Szarvas Tibor , Reis Henning 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Expression levels of collagens have been implicated in the progression of various cancers and interact with cytokeratins, but are not well studied in bladder cancer (BC). Therefore, we analyzed the gene and protein expression levels of collagen 1A1 (Col1a1/COL1A1), collagen 3A1 (col3a1/COL3A1), collagen 5A2 (col5a2/COL5A2), cytokeratin 14 (krt14/CK14), and cytokeratin 17 (krt17/CK17) in urothelial BC samples of different stages.

Methods:
In total, 102 fresh frozen and 190 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were tested using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Expression levels were correlated to clinicopathological and follow-up data.

Results:
Col1a1, col3a1, col5a2 and krt14 mRNA levels were significantly overexpressed in high-grade and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) compared to low-grade and non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) cases. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was shorter in patients with high expression levels of col1a1 (p = 0.004), col3a1 (p = 0.004), and col5a2 (p = 0.028). CK14 (p = 0.020), COL3A1 (p = 0.006) and Col5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expression levels were significantly higher and protein expression levels of CK17 (p = 0.05) significantly lower in MIBC compared to NMIBC. Furthermore, CK14 (p = 0.002) and COL5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expressions were significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade BC. DSS was shorter in patients with high expression levels of COL5A2 (p = 0.033) and CK14 (p = 0.042).

Conclusion:
Expression changes of collagens and cytokeratins are univariable prognostic markers in BC.
Transient Elastography in HIV Infected Patients with Liver Steatosis Identifies a High-Risk Group for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Pezzini Marina Ferri , Cheinquer Hugo , de Araujo Alexandre , Schmidt-Cerski Carlos T. , Sprinz Eduardo , Herz-Wolff Fernando , Poeta Julia 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the role of TE in HIV-infected patients with
NAFLD.

Methods:
HIV infected patients undergoing ART were enrolled between August2016 and February2017. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20g/day and co-infection with hepatitis B or C. Patients underwent abdominal US to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was considered when APRI>1.0, FIB4>3 and liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and the NAFLD Scoring System ≥3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with liver steatosis.

Results:
98 patients were included. The mean age of the subjects was 49±11 years and 53 (54.1%)
were males. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated
with male sex (PR= 2.18) and higher BMI (PR=1.08). Among the 31 patients with NAFLD, 26
showed results for TE, APRI and FIB4. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE,
APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients (26.9%) had a TE result
≥7.1kPa, which was associated with higher triglyceride levels, FIB4 score and CAP values. Liver
biopsy was perfomed on six of those with TE ≥7.1kPa and NASH was found in 5 (83.3%) and liver
fibrosis without NASH in one.

Conclusions:
NAFLD prevalence in HIV infected patients is higher than general population. TE ≥7.1kPa was not able to diagnose significant fibrosis, but accurately detect a subgroup of patients with high risk for NASH among HIV monoinfected individuals with steatosis.
Friedel-Crafts Benzylation of Unprotected Anilines with Indole-3- carbinols to Access Trifluoro-methyl(indolyl)phenylmethanes
Authors: Chigumbu Paidamoyo , Fu Junfeng , Takia Ingrid Rakielle Tsapy , Wang Yongjiang , Han Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2021

:An unprecedented protocol for the efficient and highly chemoselective alkylation of unprotected anilines with deactivated CF3-indole-3-carbinols promoted by In(OTf)3 has been developed. A series of diversified trifluoromethylated (indolyl)phenylmethanes were produced featuring the C-alkylation in moderate to high chemical yields and with high regioselectivities.
Chemical Diversity and Bioactivity of Marine Sponges of the Genus
Oceanapia: A Review
Authors: Singh Keisham S. , Tilvi Supriya 
Published: February 2021

:
The marine sponges of the genus Oceanapia sp. is comprised of more than 50 species and are distributed in the seas around the tropical and subtropical regions. They are mainly found in the northern Indian oceans, Japan, and the south pacific coast. They are highly colored and known to be a rich source of various secondary metabolites, particularly, alkaloids. Several other secondary metabolites were also reported from this genus which include terpenes, sphingolipids, ceramides, cerebrosides, acetylenic acids, and thiocyanatins, etc. Many of these compounds isolated from this genus exhibited various biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-HIV, ichthyotoxicity and nematocidal activities. Although several secondary metabolites have been reported from this genus, a dedicated review of the chemicals and biological activities of this genus is so far lacking. Keeping this in mind this review describes the various chemical entities isolated from the sponges of the genus Oceanapia detailing their chemical structures along with their reported biological properties.
Three-dimensional Pattern of Inflammatory Periapical Lesion Extension in the Premolar’s Region: An Application of K-means Clustering
Authors: Kazemipoor Maryam , Valizadeh Fatemeh , Jambarsang Sara 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) provides a better diagnosis
of endodontic lesions.

Introduction:
The present study would assess the pattern of periapical lesion extension in premolar
teeth using CBCT.

Methods:
In this descriptive study‚ 330 roots in the regions of maxillary and mandibular premolars
have been evaluated. Maximum periapical lesion extensions in the three orthogonal planes (axial,
coronal, and sagittal) were measured and recorded in millimeters. Measurements were compared
based on gender‚ dental arch, tooth type, and root. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated
measure ANOVA, Bonferroni, Chi-square tests, and clustering data analysis (K-means method).
The significant level was set at 0.05.

Result:
There were significant differences between the lesion expansions in the three-dimensional
planes (p-value<0.001). The highest average of lesion extension in the premolar regions of the examined
population was reported in the vertical dimension (4.1± 1.3), followed by horizontal buccolingual
dimension (3.4±1.1) and horizontal mesiodistal dimension (3.1±1.0), respectively. According
to independent variables, in the premolar region, only tooth roots showed significant differences
in the lesion extension (p-value=0.002). Clustering data analysis showed that the majority of
the participants were categorized in a cluster with lower lesion extension. Based on clustering data
analysis, the small lesions were significantly observed in the first premolar and buccal roots.

Conclusion:
Since the periapical lesion extension in the buccolingual dimension, which could not
be detected in the 2-D imaging techniques, was rather high in the region of premolar teeth, and
CBCT, as a 3-D imaging technique, is a suitable option for the precise evaluation of periapical lesion
extension. Also, the majority of the lesions in this tooth area are small and located in the buccal
roots.
Femtomolar Dengue Virus Type-2 DNA Detection in Back-gated Silicon
Nanowire Field-effect Transistor Biosensor
Authors: Abidin Wan Amirah Basyarah Zainol , Nor Mohammad Nuzaihan Md , Arshad Mohd Khairuddin Md , Fathil Mohamad Faris Mohamad , Parmin Nor Azizah , Sisin Noor Azrina Haji Talik , Ibau Conlathan , Azlan Aidil Shazereen 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Dengue is known as the most severe arboviral infection in the world spread
by Aedes aegypti. However, conventional and laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) are the current approaches in detecting dengue virus (DENV), requiring skilled and
well-trained personnel to operate. Therefore, the ultrasensitive and label-free technique of the Silicon
Nanowire (SiNW) biosensor was chosen for rapid detection of DENV.

Methods:
In this study, a SiNW field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor integrated with a back-gate of
the low-doped p-type Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer was fabricated through conventional photolithography
and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Reactive Ion Etching (ICP-RIE) for Dengue Virus
type-2 (DENV-2) DNA detection. The morphological characteristics of back-gated SiNW-FET were
examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope supported by the elemental analysis
via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Results and Discussion:
A complementary (target) single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA)
was recognized when the target DNA was hybridized with the probe DNA attached to SiNW surfaces.
Based on the slope of the linear regression curve, the back-gated SiNW-FET biosensor demonstrated
the sensitivity of 3.3 nAM-1 with a detection limit of 10 fM. Furthermore, the drain and
back-gate voltages were also found to influence the SiNW conductance changed.

Conclusion:
Thus, the results obtained suggest that the back-gated SiNW-FET shows good stability
in both biosensing applications and medical diagnosis throughout the conventional photolithography
method.
Advancements in Adjuvanticity of Bioactive Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Authors: Banerjee Jhimli , Dey Sananda , Ali Kazi Monjur , Giri Biplab , Dash Sandeep Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Regardless of the enormous success of vaccines over decades, the formulation
of biocompatible and highly effective vaccines is still insufficient for combating new pathogens.

Discussion:
The degree of effectiveness of any vaccine largely depends on the choice of appropriate
adjuvant. Along with the optimum biocompatibility, an ideal adjuvant must be biodegradable,
economical and easy to manufacture. To date, various organic and inorganic substances have been
used as an adjuvant to augment the effectiveness of the vaccine. Immunological adjuvants are essential
for strong and long-term effects against various pathogens. However, a very limited number
of licensed adjuvants are available for the formulation of a successful vaccine. This leads to a challenging
situation in medical science.

Conclusion:
The present review concisely summarizes the mechanism of action of various bioactive
organic and inorganic immunological adjuvants, their limitations and future perspectives for
their appropriate modification. Current trends of anticancer therapies using immunological adjuvants
have also been highlighted in this review.
Effects of Metformin-Single Therapy on the Level of Inflammatory Markers
in Serum of Non-Obese T2DM Patients with NAFLD
Authors: Mitrovic Bojan , Gluvic Zoran , Macut Djuro , Obradovic Milan , Sudar-Milovanovic Emina , Soskic Sanja , Stajic Dragan , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives :
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with inflammation and subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk. Because of its widespread presence and distribution, invasive diagnostic procedures (i.e., liver biopsy) are reserved for a limited number of subjects. With liver ultrasound, Fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores non-invasively assess liver steatosis and fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the changes in inflammatory markers and FLI/FIB-4 scores in non-obese metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with NAFLD.

Methods:
All subjects underwent abdominal ultrasound aiming for NAFLD stratification (grade 1 to 3 according to its severity). Metabolic parameters (morning glycaemia, HbA1C, lipids, liver function tests) and serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, and nitric oxide), and FLI/FIB-4 are calculated.

Results:
FLI score and ultrasound NAFLD grades correlated (p<0.05). We observed a significant correlation between the levels of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05), and the FLI (p<0.05). Body weight (BW) (p<0.05), waist circumference (WC) (p<0.05), the levels of HbA1c (p<0.05), transferrin (p<0.05), insulin (p<0.05), and FLI score (p<0.05) significantly differed between groups defined by the severity of NAFLD.

Conclusion:
This pilot study suggests that the serum inflammatory markers at the average normal values point to the sufficiency of metformin-single therapy in inflammation control in non-obese T2DM patients with NAFLD.
Associations of Physical Activity Level and Variability With 6-Month Weight Change Among 26,935 Users of Connected Devices: Observational Real-Life Study
Authors: El Fatouhi Douae , Delrieu Lidia , Goetzinger Catherine , Malisoux Laurent , Affret Aurélie , Campo David , Fagherazzi Guy 
Published: February 2021

Background
Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable lifestyle factor that can be targeted to increase energy expenditure and promote weight loss. However, the amount of PA required for weight loss remains inconsistent. Wearable activity trackers constitute a valuable opportunity to obtain objective measurements of PA and study large populations in real-life settings.

Objective
We aim to study the associations of initial device-assessed PA characteristics (average step counts and step count variability) and their evolution with 6-month weight change.

Methods
We analyzed data from 26,935 Withings-connected device users (wearable activity trackers and digital scales). To assess the initial PA characteristics and their 6-month changes, we used data recorded during the first and sixth 30-day periods of activity tracker use. For each of these periods, we used the monthly mean of daily step values as a proxy for PA level and derived the monthly coefficient of variation (CV) of daily step values to estimate PA level variability. Associations between initial PA characteristics and 6-month weight change were assessed using multivariable linear regression analyses controlled for age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate, and the predominant season. Restricted cubic spline regression was performed to better characterize the continuous shape of the associations between PA characteristics and weight change. Secondary analyses were performed by analyzing the 6-month evolution of PA characteristics in relation to weight change.

Results
Our results revealed that both a greater PA level and lower PA level variability were associated with weight loss. Compared with individuals who were initially in the sedentary category (<5000 steps/day), individuals who were low active (5000-7499 steps/day), somewhat active (7500-9999 steps/day), and active (≥10,000 steps/day) had a 0.21-kg, a 0.52-kg, and a 1.17-kg greater decrease in weight, respectively (95% CI −0.36 to −0.06, −0.70 to −0.33, and −1.42 to −0.93, respectively). Compared with users whose PA level CV was >63%, users whose PA level CV ranged from 51% to 63%, 40% to 51%, and was ≤40%, had a 0.19-kg, a 0.23-kg, and a 0.33-kg greater decrease in weight, respectively (95% CI −0.38 to −0.01, −0.41 to −0.04, and −0.53 to −0.13, respectively). We also observed that each 1000 steps/day increase in PA level over the 6-month follow-up was associated with a 0.26-kg (95% CI −0.29 to −0.23) decrease in weight. No association was found between the 6-month changes in PA level variability and weight change.

Conclusions
Our results add to the current body of knowledge that health benefits can be observed below the 10,000 steps/day threshold and suggest that not only increased mean PA level but also greater regularity of the PA level may play important roles in short-term weight loss.
Seleksi Pedigree Tomat (<i>Solanum Lycopersicum</i> L.) Generasi F4 berdasarkan Kekerasan dan Bentuk Buah
Authors: Wijayati Novelas Anandayu , Murti Rudi Hari 
Published: February 2021

Seleksi tomat telah dilakukan pada generasi F4 menggunakan galur terpilih berdasarkan parameter kekerasan dan bentuk buah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman antar dan dalam galur tomat, kekerasan buah, nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas, bentuk buah, dan juga komponen hasil. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jl. Boyong, Kaliurang, Sleman, Yogyakarta pada bulan Februari-September 2018 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan lima belas galur sebagai perlakuan dan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian sub-sampel, komponen varian, uji lanjut HSD Tukey pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan Analisis Komponen Utama. Hasil nilai varian dalam galur lebih besar dari varian antar galur pada karakter umur berbunga, jumlah bunga per tandan, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah per tandan, jumlah tandan per tanaman, rasio panjang per diameter, panjang, diameter, kekerasan, dan bobot buah. Pada generasi F4 diperoleh sebanyak 41 individu calon tanaman terpilih yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi, bentuk buah bulat/oval, dan kekerasan buah tinggi adalah pada 1A (2/30/1/1), 1A (3/4/2/3), 1A (3/4/2/2), 1B (3/22/1/2), 1B (3/22/1/6), 1A (1/13/1/6), 1A (3/4/4/6), 1A (3/4/4/2), 1A (3/4/4/1), 1A (1/27/4/1), 1A (3/4/1/9), 1A (3/4/1/8), 1A (3/4/3/8), 1A (1/27/3/8); 2A (2/30/2/7), 2A (1/13/1/2), 2A (1/13/1/4), 2A (1/13/1/10), 2A (1/13/1/1), 2A (1/13/1/5), 2A (3/4/4/2), 2A (3/4/4/5), 2A (1/27/3/6), 2A (3/4/2/2), 2A (3/4/1/7), 2A (3/4/3/7), 2B (3/22/1/8); 3A (3/4/3/2), 3A (3/4/3/9), 3A (3/4/3/1), 3A (3/4/3/8), 3A (1/13/1/8), 3A (1/13/1/7), 3A (1/27/4/9), 3A (3/4/2/2), 3A (1/27/1/10), 3A (1/27/1/7), 3A (1/27/1/2), 3A (3/4/1/6), 3A (3/4/4/7), dan 3A (3/4/4/8).
ANALYSIS OF BASE AND COMPETITIVE COMMODITIES OF CROP SUBSECTOR AND ITS EFFECT ON GDRP GROWTH OF LANGKAT REGENCY
Authors: Khairina Khalish 
Published: February 2021

Economic Growth is one of indicator which commonly used to observe economic development in a region. Conceptually, economic growth of a region is determined by sector values in producing goods and services. GDRP of Langkat regency is mostly dominated by agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector. Food security that Langkat Regency plan to be achieved really depends on food crops’ supply. However crops’ contribution is decreased every year. Therefore, it’s needed to examine which leading and highly competitive crops’ commodities. This study aimed to determine and analyze a base and competitive crops’ subsector and its effect on GDRP Langkat Regency. LQ was used to determine the base and non base commodities. While the analysis of RCA and MCI were used to see the commodities competitiveness. and to analyse its effect by using Ordinary Least Square. The type of data used was time series since 1996 to 2015 by using Eviews 7.0. Data was obtained from BPS Langkat Regency and Agriculture Department of Langkat Regency. The result of this study showed that paddy, corn, soybean and mungbean were base commodities of crops with average LQ > 1. This study also showed that paddy, corn, soybean and mungbean were highly competitive commodities with average RCA > 1. Average MCI each commodities is > 0,75 showed that commodities trade’s less spread (concentrated). Regression result showed that paddy has positive effect on GDRP growth in supply side (prob RCA 0,0035 < 0,05). Corn also showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in supply and demand side (prob RCA 0,0016 < 0,05 and MCI 0,0193 < 0,05). Soybean showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in production supply (LQ 0,0032 < 0,05) and Mungbean also showed that has positive effect on GDRP growth in production supply (LQ 0,0001 < 0,05).
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN DISPENSASI PERKAWINAN TERHADAP PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChild marriage induce many problems for child, in marriage ordinace No.1 year 1974, someone can did early marriage if they got dispensation from religion court. This research aimed to analysis the efectiveness of dispensation rule for early marriage in ordinace No. 1 Year 1974 about rule marriage. The research locations at Religion Court of Makassar, KUA Tallo, KUA Bontoala, KUA Ujung Tanah in Makassar. This type of research that researchers use is the type of socio- legal approach. The data obtained form of primary data and secondary data then analyzed in qualitatively and quantitatively. qualitatively analysis used to analyze data descriptive. While quantitative analysis used against Data the form of numbers. The results showed that the application of the rules of marriage dispensation was not effective because manipulation of data, in this case is age manipulation conducted by village employees and indecision of KUA employees thus passed the child marriage file, so that the applicant of child marriage not report their child marriage at Religion Court.Key Word : Early Marriage, Marriage DispensationAbstrakPerkawinan dini menyebabkan berbagai macam permasalahan bagi para pelakunya,dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974 perkawinan dini boleh dilangsungkan jika mendapatkan dispensasi dari Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penerapan aturan pemberian dispensasi terhadap perkawinan dini pada UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pengadilan Agama Makassar, Kantor Urusan Agama Tallo, Kantor Urusan Agama Bontoala, dan Kantor Urusan Agama Ujung Tanah di Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan tipe penelitian sosio-legal approach. Data yang diperoleh berupa data primer dan data sekunder kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang sifatnya deskriptif. Sedangkan analisis kuantitatif digunakan terhadap data yang berupa angka-angka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan aturan dispensasi perkawinan ternyata tidak efektif disebabkan adanya manipulasi data, dalam hal ini manipulasi umur yang dilakukan oleh oknum kelurahan, serta ketidaktegasan dari oknum Kantor Urusan Agama yang meloloskan berkas nikah bagi calon mempelai yang belum cukup umur, sehingga permohonan dispensasi tidak sampai ke Pengadilan AgamaKata Kunci : Perkawinan dini, Dispensasi perkawinan
Russian organizations social capital formation internal factors
Authors: Igumnov O. A. 
Published: February 2021

ThearticlepresentstheresultsofRussianorganizationssocialcapitalformationinternal factors studies. This problem is considered from the conceptual-theoretical model proposed by the author point of view which assumes to consider social capital as a specific management resource the formation of which is influenced by a set of external and internal factors.The author notes a certain inconsistency of the research in particular heterogeneity of social groups which negatively affects the formation of organizational social capital due to the lack of a general tendency to pro-social behavior.The analysis of the structural aspect of social capital using data on social networks reflects to a greater extent its relational component characterizing social networks in terms of content and strength of connections.The article highlights the typical limitations of studies (such as indicators limitation, incompleteness of coverage of social capital different aspects, the aspiration to consider the organizational social capital as the sum of the individual capitals, insufficient sample sizes) contributing to their fragmentation and the narrative.The author notes the special role of corporate social responsibility system and social policy as a factors in organization social capital formation process. Corporate culture is defined as a factor of social capital formation as well. It is considered as an independent component of organization functioning.