bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hyaluronic acid filler ejection pressure with injection force for safe filler injection
Authors: Lee Yongkoo , Oh Seung Min , Lee Won , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the increase in the number of medical procedures performed every year, the frequency of filler injection‐related complications has also increased. Although slow, gentle injections with low pressure are usually considered to be safe, the differences in ejection pressure during a filler injection remain to be determined. This study aimed to identify the optimal pressure during filler injections and evaluate its capacity to overcome the arterial blood pressure and reflux the filler material.MethodsTwelve combinations of four hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers with different rheological properties and three needles of different diameters were assessed to determine the force exerted by the injection model. The ejection forces corresponding to varying injection forces were measured and HA filler ejection pressures were calculated.ResultsThe highest and lowest injection forces were achieved using 30‐ and 25‐G needles, respectively. In accordance with the expected ejection force, high ejection pressure was achieved by administering the HA filler under a high injection force. Irrespective of the injection force, the ejection pressure was likely to be higher than the vascular pressure at the time of entry into the vessel, rendering the injection dangerous.ConclusionDuring filler injection, penetration of blood vessels and intravascular injection can be avoided by approaching the target area gently using a cannula or needle.
Corrective strategies for poor appearance after tissue expansion for temporal and sideburn cicatricial alopecia
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Chen Lulu , Jia Lingling , Wang Meng , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe expanded scalps are usually used to repair the scalp defects. However, hair growth direction and hair density of the expanded scalps may be inconsistent with those of the defective sites, resulting in unsatisfactory results.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of local flap modification and follicular unit extraction (FUE) on the repair of poor appearance of temporal and sideburn after unsatisfactory tissue expansion.MethodsIn our study, 19 patients with problems of hair growth direction or hair density after surgery were treated with the following four methods: single local flap modification; removal of hair follicles by FUE to reduce follicle density; removal of disordered hair follicles by FUE and ectopic transplantation simultaneously; and removal of hair follicles by FUE and ectopic transplantation after local flap modification. The follow‐up periods of 19 patients varied from 6 to 30 months, and natural, standardized aesthetic sideburn for each patient was achieved.ResultsAll incisions healed by first intention and all flaps survived well. The scars involved in the removal of FUE hair follicles were not obvious.ConclusionsOur results revealed that the ideal and cosmetic results can be obtained by flexible using of local flap modification, single FUE method, and FUE ectopic hair transplantation to repair the dissatisfied postoperative outcomes of temporal and sideburn cicatricial alopecia after tissue expansion.
Rehabilitation of shortened dental arches: A fifteen‐year randomised trial
Authors: Walter Michael Horst , Marré Birgit , Dreyhaupt Jens , Heydecke Guido , Rauch Angelika , Mundt Torsten , Hannak Wolfgang , Kohal Ralf Joachim , Kern Matthias , Nothdurft Frank , Hartmann Sinsa , Böning Klaus , Boldt Julian , Stark Helmut , Edelhoff Daniel , Wöstmann Bernd , Wolfart Stefan , Jahn Florentine , Luthardt Ralph Gunnar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew long‐term studies on treatments in the shortened dental arch (SDA) are available.ObjectiveThe objective of this trial was to analyse the long‐term success of two different treatment concepts.MethodsPatients over 35 years of age with missing molars in one jaw and at least the canine and one premolar present on both sides were eligible. In the partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) group (N = 81), molars and missing second premolars were replaced by a precision attachment retained prosthesis. In the SDA group (N = 71), the dental arch ended with the second premolar that had to be present or replaced by a cantilever fixed dental prosthesis. Follow‐up examinations were carried out over 15 years.ResultsA comprehensive outcome variable comprised four failure categories for which Kaplan‐Meier survival (success) analyses were conducted. Half of the patients exhibited a continuous preservation of the per protocol prosthetic status that remained totally unaffected by complications for more than 10 years. The event‐free success rates for moderate or worse failure implied a loss of the per protocol prosthetic status. The respective survival rates fell below 50% at 14.2 years in the PRDP group and 14.3 years in the SDA group. In none of the analyses, a significant group difference was found.ConclusionsIn patients with an SDA condition, changes in the prosthetic status have to be expected. The affected proportion increases almost linearly from shortly after treatment and comprises the majority after 15 years. The influence of the examined treatments on success appears to be low.
Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets
Authors: Fu Runqi , Liang Chan , Chen Daiwen , Yan Hui , Tian Gang , Zheng Ping , He Jun , Yu Jie , Mao Xiangbing , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Yu Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty‐four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) in jejunal mucosa was up‐regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) concentration and TNF‐α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down‐regulated toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.
A new method for indicator species analysis in the framework of multivariate analysis of variance
Authors: Ricotta Carlo , Pavoine Sandrine , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionIn vegetation science, the compositional dissimilarity among two or more groups of plots is usually tested with dissimilarity‐based multivariate analysis of variance (db‐MANOVA), whereas the compositional characterization of the different groups is performed by means of indicator species analysis. Although db‐MANOVA and indicator species analysis are apparently very far from each other, the question we address here is: can we put both approaches under the same methodological umbrella?MethodsWe will show that for a specific class of dissimilarity measures, the partitioning of variation used in one‐factor db‐MANOVA can be additively decomposed into species‐level values allowing us to identify the species that contribute most to the compositional differences among the groups.ResultsThe proposed method, for which we provide a simple R function, is illustrated with one small data set on alpine vegetation sampled along a successional gradient.ConclusionThe species that contribute most to the compositional differences among the groups are preferentially concentrated in particular groups of plots. Therefore, they can be appropriately called indicator species. This connects multivariate analysis of variance with indicator species analysis.
Prolonged exposure to welding fumes as a novel cause of systemic iron overload
Authors: Mariani Raffaella , Pelucchi Sara , Paolini Valentina , Belingheri Michael , di Gennaro Filiberto , Faverio Paola , Riva Michele , Pesci Alberto , Piperno Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsInhalation of welding fume may cause pulmonary disease known as welder's lung. At our centre we came across a number of welders with systemic iron overload and prolonged occupational history and we aimed at characterizing this novel clinical form of iron overload.MethodsAfter exclusion of other known causes of iron overload, 20 welders were fully evaluated for working history, hepatic, metabolic and iron status. MRI iron assessment was performed in 19 patients and liver biopsy in 12. We included 40 HFE‐HH patients and 24 healthy controls for comparison.Results75% of patients showed lung HRCT alterations; 90% had s‐FERR > 1000 ng/mL and 60% had TSAT > 45%. Liver iron overload was mild in 8 and moderate‐severe in 12. The median iron removed was 7.8 g. Welders showed significantly lower TSAT and higher SIS and SIS/TIS ratio than HFE‐HH patients. Serum hepcidin was significantly higher in welders than in HFE‐HH patients and healthy controls. At liver biopsy, 50% showed liver fibrosis that was mild in four, and moderate‐severe in two. Liver staging correlated with liver iron overload.ConclusionsWelders with prolonged fume exposure can develop severe liver iron overload. The mechanism of liver iron accumulation is quite different to that of HFE‐HH suggesting that reticuloendothelial cells may be the initial site of deposition. We recommend routine measurement of serum iron indices in welders to provide adequate diagnosis and therapy, and the inclusion of prolonged welding fume exposure in the list of acquired causes of hyperferritinemia and iron overload.
Environmental adaptation is stronger for abundant rather than rare microorganisms in wetland soils from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wan Wenjie , Gadd Geoffrey Michael , Yang Yuyi , Yuan Wenke , Gu Jidong , Ye Luping , Liu Wenzhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisentangling the biogeographic patterns of rare and abundant microbes is essential in order to understand the generation and maintenance of microbial diversity with respect to the functions they provide. However, little is known about ecological assembly processes and environmental adaptation of rare and abundant microbes across large spatial‐scale wetlands. Using Illumina sequencing and multiple statistical analyses, we characterized the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of rare and abundant bacteria and fungi in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau wetland soils. Abundant microbial taxa exhibited broader environmental thresholds and stronger phylogenetic signals for ecological traits than rare ones. By contrast, rare taxa showed higher sensitivity to environmental changes and closer phylogenetic clustering than abundant ones. The null model analysis revealed that dispersal limitation belonging to stochastic process dominated community assemblies of abundant bacteria, and rare and abundant fungi, while variable selection belonging to deterministic process governed community assembly of rare bacteria. Neutral model analysis and variation partitioning analysis further confirmed that abundant microbes were less environmentally constrained. Soil ammonia nitrogen was the crucial factor in mediating the balance between stochasticity and determinism of both rare and abundant microbes. Abundant microbes may have better environmental adaptation potential and are less dispersed by environmental changes than rare ones. Our findings extend knowledge of the adaptation of rare and abundant microbes to ongoing environmental change and could facilitate prediction of biodiversity loss caused probably by climate change and human activity in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau wetlands.
Cell wall protein variation, break‐induced replication, and subtelomere dynamics in Candida glabrata
Authors: Xu Zhuwei , Green Brian , Benoit Nicole , Sobel Jack D. , Schatz Michael C. , Wheelan Sarah , Cormack Brendan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCandida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen of humans, responsible for up to 30% of disseminated candidiasis. Adherence of C. glabrata to host cells is mediated by adhesin‐like proteins (ALPs), about half of which are encoded in the subtelomeres. We performed a de novo assembly of two C. glabrata strains, BG2 and BG3993, using long single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) reads, and constructed high‐quality telomere‐to‐telomere assemblies of all 13 chromosomes to assess differences between C. glabrata strains. We documented variation between strains, and in agreement with earlier studies, found high (~0.5%–1%) frequencies of SNVs across the genome, including within subtelomeric regions. We documented changes in ALP gene structure and complement: there are large length differences in ALP genes in different strains, resulting from copy number variation in tandem repeats. We compared strains to characterize chromosome rearrangement events including within the poorly characterized subtelomeric regions. We show that rearrangements within the subtelomere regions all affect ALP‐encoding genes, and 14/16 involve just the most terminal ALP gene. We present evidence that these rearrangements are mediated by break‐induced replication. This study highlights the constrained nature of subtelomeric changes impacting ALP gene complement and subtelomere structure.
Specific microRNA/mRNA expression profiles and novel immune regulation mechanisms are induced in THP‐1 macrophages by in vitro exposure to Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Zhang Mingwang , Xia Zhikuan , Yang Xin , Ao Junhong , Yang Rongya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrichosporon asahii is considered the most prominent species associated with invasive trichosporonosis, but little is known about the pathogenesis of T. asahii infection in the host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding endogenous small RNAs that play vital roles by manipulating immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms. Nevertheless, the exact functions of miRNAs in T. asahii infection are still unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the interactions involved in the miRNA immune response in THP‐1 macrophages following in vitro exposure to T. asahii.MethodsWe utilized next‐generation sequencing to detect differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and mRNAs in THP‐1 cells after 24 h of in vitro exposure to T. asahii. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to verify the sequencing results. The miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network was constructed with the DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs. We performed Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the predicted targeting mRNAs in the miRNA‐mRNA network. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were utilized to demonstrate the reliability of the miR‐342‐3p/Dectin‐1 pair.ResultsA total of 120 DE miRNAs and 588 DE mRNAs were identified after 24 h of in vitro exposure to T. asahii. The miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network was constructed with 39 DE miRNAs and 228 DE mRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the up‐regulated DE mRNAs in the complex interaction network were mainly involved in immune‐related pathways. In addition, we verified the target relationship between miR‐342‐3p and Dectin‐1 and found that miR‐342‐3p could promote the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6 by negatively regulating Dectin‐1.ConclusionsThis study evaluated the expression profiles of miRNA/mRNA and revealed the immunological consequences of THP‐1 macrophages in response to T. asahii exposure. Moreover, our data suggest that miR‐342‐3p can indirectly promote inflammatory responses and may be a potential therapeutic target against trichosporonosis.
Functional understanding of secondary cell wall cellulose synthases in Populustrichocarpa via the Cas9/gRNA‐induced gene knockouts
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Cheng Hao , Zhu Siran , Cheng Jiyao , Ji Huanhuan , Zhang Baocai , Cao Shenquan , Wang Chong , Tong Guimin , Zhen Cheng , Mu Liqiang , Zhou Yihua , Cheng Yuxiang 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Plant cellulose is synthesized by a large plasma membrane‐localized cellulose synthase (CesA) complex. However, an overall functional determination of secondary cell wall (SCW) CesAs is still lacking in trees, especially one based on gene knockouts.

Here, the Cas9/gRNA‐induced knockouts of PtrCesA4, 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B genes were produced in Populus trichocarpa. Based on anatomical, immunohistochemical and wood composition evidence, we gained a comprehensive understanding of five SCW PtrCesAs at the genetic level.

Complete loss of PtrCesA4, 7A/B or 8A/B led to similar morphological abnormalities, indicating similar and nonredundant genetic functions. The absence of the gelatinous (G) layer, one‐layer‐walled fibres and a 90% decrease in cellulose in these mutant woods revealed that the three classes of SCW PtrCesAs are essential for multilayered SCW structure and wood G‐fibre. In addition, the mutant primary and secondary phloem fibres lost the n(G + L)‐ and G‐layers and retained the thicker S‐layers (L, lignified; S, secondary). Together with polysaccharide immunolocalization data, these findings suggest differences in the role of SCW PtrCesAs‐synthesized cellulose in wood and phloem fibre wall structures.

Overall, this functional understanding of the SCW PtrCesAs provides further insights into the impact of lacking cellulose biosynthesis on growth, SCW, wood G‐fibre and phloem fibre wall structures in the tree.
Development of a rat model for type 2 diabetes mellitus peri‐implantitis: A preliminary study
Authors: He Qingqing , Mu Zhixiang , Shrestha Annie , Wang Chao , Wang Si , Tang Han , Li Yihan , Song Jinlin , Ji Ping , Huang Yuanding , Chen Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an in vivo model to simulate the complex internal environment of diabetic peri‐implantitis (T2DM‐PI) model for a better understanding of peri‐implantitis in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and methodsMaxillary first molars were extracted in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats, and customized cone‐shaped titanium implants were installed in the extraction sites. Thereafter, implants were uncovered and customized abutments were screwed into implants. A high‐fat diet and a low‐dose injection of streptozotocin were utilized to induce T2DM. Finally, LPS was locally injected in implant sulcus to induce peri‐implantitis.ResultsIn the present study, T2DM‐PI model has been successfully established. Imaging analysis revealed that abundant inflammatory cells infiltrated in the soft tissue in T2DM‐PI group with concomitant excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, higher expression of MMP and increased number of osteoclasts led to collagen disintegration and bone resorption in T2DM‐PI group.ConclusionsThese results describe a novel rat model which stimulate T2DM‐PI in vivo, characterized by overwhelming inflammatory response and bone resorption. This model has a potential to be used for investigation of initiation, progression and interventional therapy of T2DM‐PI.
Clinical and biochemical effect of laser as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Jiang Yiyang , Feng Jie , Du Juan , Fu Jingfei , Liu Yitong , Guo Lijia , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and biochemical efficacy of laser therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment in chronic periodontitis.MethodsA systematic search was performed through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for eligible articles published as of May 2, 2020, supplemented by information search in the System for Information on Programme Literature in Europe and a manual literature search. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used to compare the adjunctive use of laser and non‐surgical treatment alone with an observation period of at least 6 months were included.ResultsSixteen RCTs with a total of 525 subjects were included. Meta‐analysis suggested that the additional use of laser to scaling and root planing (SRP) showed significant superiority over SRP alone among most of clinical parameters involved. Regarding the GCF, although volume in the laser group was lower at week 4 and 12, no significant difference was found regarding the cytokines level. Subgroup analysis revealed that the combined therapy produced no significant difference in PD, CAL and PI at most time points for studies in respect to smokers. No treatment‐related adverse events had been reported in the included studies.ConclusionsPooled analysis suggested that laser‐assisted non‐surgical treatment improved clinical outcome to SRP alone in the management of non‐smoking chronic periodontitis patients.
Factors influencing physical activity: A cross‐sectional study of the community‐dwelling older adults in a Portuguese rural area
Authors: Carrasco Cristina , Mendes Felismina , Bravo Jorge , Pereira Catarina , Tomas‐Carus Pablo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are a variety of intrinsic determinants which are key to understand the reasons for older people to stay (or not) active.ObjectivesTo identify and analyse the factors underlying the physical activity engagement in older Portuguese living in a rural area. Methods: A total of 504 community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Sociodemographic data, physical activity levels, physical fitness and body composition were analysed.ResultsGender, age, income level, lower body strength, overweight, muscle mass and sedentarism (sitting time) were significantly associated with different physical activity levels. The multinomial logistic regression pointed out that dynamic balance, BMI and sitting time for moderate levels, as well as muscle mass for high levels, were the main independent factors that seem to influence the engagement in these levels compared to low physical activity levels. Additionally, classification tree analysis confirmed sitting time, dynamic balance and gender as discriminating factors for physical activity levels.ConclusionPhysical fitness‐related variables seem to mainly determine the levels of physical activity in the studied population. Thus, nursing care must promote the integration of physical activity into daily life routines of community‐dwelling older adults, especially in rural areas.Implications for practiceThe diverse nature of factors influencing physical activity must be taken into account in primary health care, particularly in rural areas. Nursing care for older people must promote the integration of physical activity into daily life routines of community‐dwelling older adults.