bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue of multiple class II CFTR mutations by elexacaftor+tezacaftor+ivacaftor mediated in part by the dual activities of elexacaftor as both corrector and potentiator
Authors: Laselva Onofrio , Bartlett Claire , Gunawardena Tarini N.A. , Ouyang Hong , Eckford Paul D.W. , Moraes Theo J. , Bear Christine E. , Gonska Tanja 
Published: January 2021

Positive results in pre-clinical studies of the triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor, performed in airway epithelial cell cultures obtained from patients harbouring the class II cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation F508del-CFTR, translated to impressive clinical outcomes for subjects carrying this mutation in clinical trials and approval of Trikafta.Encouraged by this correlation, we were prompted to evaluate the effect of the elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor triple combination on primary nasal epithelial cultures obtained from individuals with rare class II CF-causing mutations (G85E, M1101K and N1303K) for which Trikafta is not approved.Cultures from individuals homozygous for M1101K responded better than cultures harbouring G85E and N1303K after treatment with the triple combination with respect to improvement in regulated channel function and protein processing. A similar genotype-specific effect of the triple combination was observed when the different mutations were expressed in HEK293 cells, supporting the hypothesis that these modulators may act directly on the mutant proteins. Detailed studies in nasal cultures and HEK293 cells showed that the corrector, elexacaftor, exhibited dual activity as both corrector and potentiator, and suggested that the potentiator activity contributes to its pharmacological activity.These pre-clinical studies using nasal epithelial cultures identified mutation genotypes for which elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor may produce clinical responses that are comparable to, or inferior to, those observed for F508del-CFTR.
Prevalence, progression and impact of chronic cough on employment in Northern Europe
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Johannessen Ane , Holm Mathias , Forsberg Bertil , Schlünssen Vivi , Jõgi Rain , Clausen Michael , Lindberg Eva , Malinovschi Andrei , Emilsson Össur Ingi 
Published: January 2021

We investigated the prevalence of chronic cough and its association with work ability and sick leave in the general population.Data were analysed from the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) III cohort (n=13 500), of which 11 252 participants had also participated in RHINE II 10 years earlier, a multicentre study in Northern Europe. Participants answered a questionnaire on chronic cough, employment factors, smoking and respiratory comorbidities.Nonproductive chronic cough was found in 7% and productive chronic cough in 9% of the participants. Participants with nonproductive cough were more often female and participants with productive cough were more often smokers and had a higher body mass index (BMI) than those without cough. Participants with chronic cough more often reported >7 days of sick leave in the preceding year than those without cough (“nonproductive cough” 21% and “productive cough” 24%; p<0.001 for comparisons with “no cough” 13%). This pattern was consistent after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education level, smoking status and comorbidities. Participants with chronic cough at baseline reported lower work ability and more often had >7 days of sick leave at follow-up than those without cough. These associations remained significant after adjusting for cough at follow-up and other confounding factors.Chronic cough was found in around one in six participants and was associated with more sick leave. Chronic cough 10 years earlier was associated with lower work ability and sick leave at follow-up. These associations were not explained by studied comorbidities. This indication of negative effects on employment from chronic cough needs to be recognised.
Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19: an observational prospective multicentre trial
Authors: Sonnweber Thomas , Sahanic Sabina , Pizzini Alex , Luger Anna , Schwabl Christoph , Sonnweber Bettina , Kurz Katharina , Koppelstätter Sabine , Haschka David , Petzer Verena , Boehm Anna , Aichner Magdalena , Tymoszuk Piotr , Lener Daniela , Theurl Markus , Lorsbach-Köhler Almut , Tancevski Amra , Schapfl Anna , Schaber Marc , Hilbe Richard , Nairz Manfred , Puchner Bernhard , Hüttenberger Doris , Tschurtschenthaler Christoph , Aßhoff Malte , Peer Andreas , Hartig Frank , Bellmann Romuald , Joannidis Michael , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Holfeld Johannes , Feuchtner Gudrun , Egger Alexander , Hoermann Gregor , Schroll Andrea , Fritsche Gernot , Wildner Sophie , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Kirchmair Rudolf , Helbok Raimund , Prosch Helmut , Rieder Dietmar , Trajanoski Zlatko , Kronenberg Florian , Wöll Ewald , Weiss Günter , Widmann Gerlig , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Tancevski Ivan 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAfter the 2002/2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, 30% of survivors exhibited persisting structural pulmonary abnormalities. The long-term pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are yet unknown, and comprehensive clinical follow-up data are lacking.MethodsIn this prospective, multicentre, observational study, we systematically evaluated the cardiopulmonary damage in subjects recovering from COVID-19 at 60 and 100 days after confirmed diagnosis. We conducted a detailed questionnaire, clinical examination, laboratory testing, lung function analysis, echocardiography and thoracic low-dose computed tomography (CT).ResultsData from 145 COVID-19 patients were evaluated, and 41% of all subjects exhibited persistent symptoms 100 days after COVID-19 onset, with dyspnoea being most frequent (36%). Accordingly, patients still displayed an impaired lung function, with a reduced diffusing capacity in 21% of the cohort being the most prominent finding. Cardiac impairment, including a reduced left ventricular function or signs of pulmonary hypertension, was only present in a minority of subjects. CT scans unveiled persisting lung pathologies in 63% of patients, mainly consisting of bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or reticulation in the lower lung lobes, without radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Sequential follow-up evaluations at 60 and 100 days after COVID-19 onset demonstrated a vast improvement of symptoms and CT abnormalities over time.ConclusionA relevant percentage of post-COVID-19 patients presented with persisting symptoms and lung function impairment along with radiological pulmonary abnormalities >100 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, our results indicate a significant improvement in symptoms and cardiopulmonary status over time.
Scepter dual‐lumen balloon catheter for Onyx embolization for dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Jang Chang Ki , Kim Byung Moon , Park Keun Young , Lee Jae Whan , Kim Dong Joon , Chung Joonho , Kim Jun-Hwee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter for transarterial Onyx embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).

Methods
Transarterial Onyx embolization using a Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter (Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization) for DAVF was attempted in a total of 35 patients (mean age, 52.5 years; M:F = 24:11) between October 2012 and December 2018. The results of Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization were evaluated with respect to total procedural and Onyx injection times, the types and number of feeders requiring embolization, angiographic and clinical outcomes, and treatment-related complications.

Results
Initial presentations were non-hemorrhagic neurological deficits in 10, intracranial hemorrhage in 8, seizure in 7, headache in 7, and intractable tinnitus in 3. All DAVF were aggressive type (Borden type 2, 14.3 %; type 3, 85.7 %). Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization resulted in immediately complete occlusion in 33 patients (94.3 %) and near complete occlusion in 2 patients. Middle meningeal artery (51.4 %) was the most commonly used for Scepter-assisted technique, followed by occipital artery (42.9 %), ascending pharyngeal artery (2.9 %) and superficial temporal artery (2.9 %). There was no difference in complete occlusion rate between middle meningeal artery and the other arteries (94.4 % versus 94.1 %). The median number of total feeders embolized was 1 (range, 1–3). The median total procedural time was 45 minutes (range, 21 minutes – 127 minutes) and the median Onyx injection time was 11 minutes (range, 3 minutes – 25 minutes). All patients recovered completely (n = 31) or partially (n = 4) from presenting symptoms. Treatment-related complications occurred in 2 patients, of whom one had a permanent morbidity (2.8 %, ipsilateral facial nerve palsy). No patient showed a recurrence on follow-up imaging (median, 15 months; range, 3–56 months).

Conclusions
Scepter-assisted transarterial Onyx embolization showed a very high complete occlusion rate with a low morbidity and no recurrence in aggressive type DAVF. Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter seems to be a useful tool for transarterial Onyx embolization of DAVF.
Smoking prevalence among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with disease severity and mortality: an expanded re-analysis of a recent publication
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Bagos Pantelis G. , Giannouchos Theodoros , Niaura Raymond , Barbouni Anastasia , Poulas Konstantinos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a lot of debate about the effects of smoking on COVID-19. A recent fixed-effects meta-analysis found smoking to be associated with disease severity among hospitalized patients, but other studies report an unusually low prevalence of smoking among hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to expand the analysis by calculating the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, while the association between smoking and disease severity and mortality was examined by random-effects meta-analyses considering the highly heterogeneous study populations.

Methods
The same studies as examined in the previous meta-analysis were analyzed (N = 22, 20 studies from China and 2 from USA). The POR relative to the expected smoking prevalence was calculated using gender and age-adjusted population smoking rates. Random-effects meta-analyses were used for all other associations.

Results
A total of 7162 patients were included, with 482 being smokers. The POR was 0.24 (95%CI 0.19–0.30). Unlike the original study, the association between smoking and disease severity was not statistically significant using random-effects meta-analysis (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.98–1.98). In agreement with the original study, no statistically significant association was found between smoking and mortality (OR 1.86, 95%CI 0.88–3.94).

Conclusion
An unusually low prevalence of smoking, approximately 1/4th the expected prevalence, was observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Any association between smoking and COVID-19 severity cannot be generalized but should refer to the seemingly low proportion of smokers who develop severe COVID-19 that requires hospitalization. Smokers should be advised to quit due to long-term health risks, but pharmaceutical nicotine or other nicotinic cholinergic agonists should be explored as potential therapeutic options, based on a recently presented hypothesis.
Using mobile phones to improve young people sexual and reproductive health in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review to identify barriers, facilitators, and range of mHealth solutions
Authors: Feroz Anam Shahil , Ali Naureen Akber , Khoja Adeel , Asad Armish , Saleem Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, reproductive health programs have used mHealth to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education and services to young people, through diverse communication channels. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the mHealth programs targeted to improve young people SRH in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to identify a range of different mHealth solutions that can be used for improving young people SRH in LMICs and highlight facilitators and barriers for adopting mHealth interventions designed to target SRH of young people.

Methods
Databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and grey literature were searched between January 01, 2005 and March 31, 2020 to identify various types of mHealth interventions that are used to improve SRH services for young people in LMICs. Of 2948 titles screened after duplication, 374 potentially relevant abstracts were obtained. Out of 374 abstracts, 75 abstracts were shortlisted. Full text of 75 studies were reviewed using a pre-defined data extraction sheet. A total of 15 full-text studies were included in the final analysis.

Results
The final 15 studies were categorized into three main mHealth applications including client education and behavior change communication, data collection and reporting, and financial transactions and incentives. The most reported use of mHealth was for client education and behavior change communication [n = 14, 93%] followed by financial transactions and incentives, and data collection and reporting Little evidence exists on other types of mHealth applications described in Labrique et al. framework. Included studies evaluated the impact of mHealth interventions on access to SRH services (n = 9) and SRH outcomes (n = 6). mHealth interventions in included studies addressed barriers of provider prejudice, stigmatization, discrimination, fear of refusal, lack of privacy, and confidentiality. The studies also identified barriers to uptake of mHealth interventions for SRH including decreased technological literacy, inferior network coverage, and lower linguistic competency.

Conclusion
The review provides detailed information about the implementation of mobile phones at different levels of the healthcare system for improving young people SRH outcomes. This systematic review recommends that barriers to uptake mHealth interventions be adequately addressed to increase the potential use of mobile phones for improving access to SRH awareness and services.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018087585 (Feb 5, 2018)
Anxiolytic-like effect of Urena lobata (L.) in swiss albino mice
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Riaz Thoufiqul Alam , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Sharifi-Rad Javad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.
Case Report: Thalamomesencephalic stroke in a patient with HIV
Authors: George Jerry , Joseph Sibi , Tau Mongezi , Ibanez Valdes Lourdes de Fatima , Dubula Thozama , Foyaca-Sibat Humberto 
Published: January 2021

We present a 41-year-old HIV-positive female patient complaining of complete right palpebral ptosis, diplopia, and inability to balance herself. On examination, the right eye was able to move laterally and downwards. The motor exam showed left hemiparesis (4/5) on upper and lower limbs, bilateral Babinski sign with left hemiataxia without the sensory disorder. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an ischemic infarct on the right paramedian branch of the posterior cerebral artery territory. This patient did not present clinical manifestations of the thalamic lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a young patient presenting a unilateral thalamomesencephalic ischemic stroke secondary to HIV vasculitis with bilateral Babinski signs and without thalamic signs in the medical literature.
Emotions, Protest, Democracy. Collective Identities in Contemporary Spain, Emmy Eklundh (2019)
Authors: Blakeley Georgina 
Published: January 2021

Review of: Emotions, Protest, Democracy. Collective Identities in Contemporary Spain, Emmy Eklundh (2019)
New York: Routledge, 250 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-815-38363-5 (h/bk), 978-1-351-20571-9 (eBook), £120.00/£40.49
Barcelona, the Left and the Independence Movement in Catalonia, Richard Gillespie (2019)
Authors: Dowling Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Review of: Barcelona, the Left and the Independence Movement in Catalonia, Richard Gillespie (2019)
Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 129 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-857-43962-5 (h/bk), 978-1-351-04687-9 (ebook), £45/£15
Explorando el "apartidismo" en México: ¿apartidistas o apolíticos?
Authors: Temkin Benjamín , Solano Sandra , Tronco José del 
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: En las últimas décadas, distintos estudios han identificado, especialmente en las democracias avanzadas, un proceso de debilitamiento de la lealtad partidista. Russell Dalton ha explicado este fenómeno a través del incremento de los niveles educativos y de la mayor capacidad de los ciudadanos para obtener información y participar en asuntos públicos de forma independiente a los partidos. Este trabajo analiza la pertinencia del modelo de Dalton para el caso mexicano, donde el proceso de modernización económica y apertura política es mucho más reciente. Los resultados muestran la utilidad del modelo, pero sugieren la necesidad de tomar en cuenta diversos factores políticos, insuficientemente considerados en su marco conceptual. Palabras clave: identificación partidista, comportamiento electoral, México, independientes, movilidad cognitiva. ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, numerous researchers have identified, in highly developed countries, a process that involves the weakening of party loyalty. Russell Dalton proposes that decrease in party adhesion is associated with higher educational levels and the increasing ability of citizens to obtain information and engage in political action independently. This paper analyzes the relevance of Dalton’s model for Mexico, a country with lower development levels and recent electoral competitiveness. Our findings show the relevance of Dalton’s analysis but reveal also the need to take into account political and mobilization factors not sufficiently considered in his conceptual framework.
Repensando el presidencialismo: desafíos y caídas presidenciales en el Cono Sur
Authors: Hochstetler Kathryn 
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Desde 1978, el 40% de los presidentes electos en Sudamérica han sido desafiados por actores civiles que intentaron forzarlos a dejar sus cargos antes de tiempo. A través del juicio político(impeachment) y de renuncias, 23% han caído y han sido reemplazados por civiles. Los presidentes desafiados fueron más proclives a seguir políticas neoliberales, a estar personalmente implicados en escándalos y a carecer de mayoría parlamentaria en relación a sus colegas no desafiados. Entre los presidentes desafiados, la presencia o ausencia de grandes protestas callejeras demandando que fueran removidos de sus cargos es un factor crucial en la determinación de sus destinos. Estos desarrollos cuestionan diversos supuestos centrales acerca de los regímenes presidencialistas: que los mandatos presidenciales son firmemente fijos y que la consecuencia del conflicto político en el presidencialismo es el quiebre democrático.ABSTRACT: Since 1978, forty percent of elected presidents in South America have been challenged by civilian actors trying to force them to leave office early. Through impeachment and resignations, twenty three percent have fallen and been replaced by civilians. I find that challenged presidents were more likely to pursue neoliberal policies, be personally implicated in scandal, and lack a congressional majority than their unchallenged counterparts. Among challenged presidents, the presence or absence of large street protests demanding they be removed from office is then crucial in determining their fates. These developments confound several core assumptions about presidential regimes: that presidential terms are firmly fixed, that populations cannot withdraw as well as grant presidential mandates, and that the consequences of political conflict in presidentialism are democratic breakdown.
STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS INFUSION OF FERMENTED LEAVES CHAMAENERION AN-GUSTIFOLIUM (L.) SCOP.
Authors: Volodina Svetlana Olegovna , Volodin Vladimir Vital'yevich , Nekrasova Elena Vladimirovna , Syrov Vladimir Nikolayevich , Khushbaktova Zainab Abdurakhmanovna 
Published: January 2021

The stress-protective effect of an aqueous infusion of fermented leaves of flowering plants of Сhamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., (Onagraceae) collected in the middle taiga zone of the European North-East of Russia (near Syktyvkar), in experiments on white laboratory mice under acute stress has been studied. As a model of acute stress, the hanging of animals by the neck fold for 19 hours was used. Water infusion (1 : 20) was administered to each animal 0.5 and 1.0 ml for five days per os. It was found that the prophylactic administration of water infusion of fermented leaves in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml lead to normalizing effect on the mass of internal organs and peripheral blood parameters that have sharp pathological deviations under stress. The content of ascorbic acid and cholesterol in the adrenal glands and malonic dialdehyde in the liver of animals receiving infusion, approached the corresponding values in intact animals, which indicates the protective and antioxidant effects. With the introduction of sodium nitroprusside (25 mg/kg) and ethanol (25% solution, 9g/kg) a pronounced antihypoxic and antitoxic effects were found, which are typical for such well-known adaptogenic plants as ginseng and eleutherococcus. Due to data obtained, the raw material of fermented leaves of Сhamaenerion angustifolium could be considered as adaptogenic remedy that increases the overall non-specific resistance of the body and recommended not only as a tonic tea drink, but also for wider use in functional nutrition and medicine for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced and age-dependent diseases.