bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labile anticausatives in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Mashaqba Bassil , Huneety Anas , Zuraiq Wael , Al-Omari Moh’D , Al-Shboul Sabri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the morpho-syntax of labile anticausative structures in Jordanian Arabic (JA). Although the transitive counterpart of anticausatives is marked via morphological affixes that reflect structural and lexical components in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic, a number of verbs involving causative alternation exhibit identical forms in JA (e.g.,ġala[+T] ‘to CAUSE boil something’ vsġala[–T] ‘to BECOME boil’). Such variation poses challenges for mapping between verb morphology and its lexical semantics. To handle such variation, which is also observed cross-linguistically, we argue in favour of Schäfer (2008; 2012), Schäfer & Vivanco (2015), and Ramchand’s (2008) “causer-less” analysis over Koontz-Garboden’s (2009) “reflexive” analysis. This work further assumes the existence of a Voice phrase lacking a specifier (external argument) and assumes that Voice projection is headed by an implied Voice head (vcauser) that syntactically assigns the accusative case to its new subject and semantically encodes the internal argument and describes the resultant subevent of the verb. The work also provides an alternative solution for voice projection that lacks an explicit specifier bearing [+agent] or [+causer] feature specification. The work assumes the presence of an inchoative Voice head [vinch] introducing the Spec Voice Phrase, which encodes an inchoative resultant state of an event achieved over its theme. Contrary to Al-Qadi (2015), the present model assumes that such verbs constitute a middle position between transitive and intransitive verbs in JA but do not constitute a separate class of their own. Evidently, the correct characterization of the anticausative subclass distribution is that it surfaces wherever v is transitive as well as in intransitive volitional contexts (a non-natural class). More intriguingly, the presented material suggests that there is an ongoing process of diachronic change in spoken Arabic varieties (including JA) that amounts to the development and expansion of an inchoative class where no external or internal inchoative detransitivizing morphemes are involved. This topic, which incorporates an intriguing diachronic dimension in addition to the syntactic details, is missing from the generative literature on Arabic morpho-syntax and is potentially of sufficient interest to merit investigation.
The Dziedzice inscription and West Germanic rhotacism
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The inscription discovered in 1931 on the remains of a cinerary urn near Sedschütz, Upper Silesia, was at first proposed to be runic. Later analysed as a Germanic text written in Roman characters, the long-obscure Iron Age inscription has only recently been republished after being moved from the museum where it was originally conserved. Presumably executed by a member of the Buri, the early Germano-Roman text is only partially preserved and appears to feature key evidence for the early dialectal development of Germanic. Contemporary with the period of the Marcomannic Wars, its single interpretable lexical element seems to contain the earliest evidence for West Germanic rhotacism.
New Indo-Aryan associative plural markers derived from Old Indo-Aryan apara ‘other’ and their further grammaticalization
Authors: Renkovskaya Evgeniya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with associative plurals in New Indo-Aryan languages, which are derived from the Old Indo- Aryan apara ‘other’. These markers are found in a large number of NIA languages, but in many of these languages they underwent further grammaticalization into other grammatical units, such as honorific particle, standard plural marker, definiteness marker, marker of inalienable possession etc. Among the factors which underlie this grammatical development, contacts with non-Indo-Aryan languages play a significant role.
Gender-related differences in the use and perception of verbal insults: the Bosnian perspective
Authors: Špago Džemal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper explores potential gender-linked differences in the use and perception of insulting language among Bosnian university students. The respondents were asked to provide one-word answers to four questions about the worst male-directed and female-directed insults, and about one-word descriptions of a male and female person who they view as the most detestable. The results indicate that the male and female respondents have a similar perception of the worst male-directed (lack of masculinity) and, to a lesser extent, femaledirected insults (sexual looseness). Surprisingly, insults of homosexual nature, as well as those pertaining to being unethical and physically unattractive were rarely mentioned. The results also reveal significant gender -of-insulter differences in the use of offensive words in reference to the most disliked person, as well as the tendency by the respondents of both genders to avoid using those insults that they perceive as the harshest.
Angas-Sura Etymologies VII
Authors: Takács Gábor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichtomomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
Study on factors of interface properties of axial braided C/C composite materials
Authors: Wang Chunguang , Tian Weiping , Zhang Kaining 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study the influencing factors of the tensile properties of axial braided C/C composites, the interfacial shear strength of the fiber rod and matrix was studied and ejecting tests of the fiber rod were carried out. The ejecting test specimens were formed with different thicknesses to obtain the changing rule of the interface shear strength with the thickness of the sample, and the testing method for the interface shear strength of the axial braided C/C composite material. The results show that the recommended thickness of the ejecting test specimens for the interface shear strength of is four times the diameter of the fiber rod. The interface shear strength distribution law of two different batches of materials was obtained through the interface ejecting test. The mesoscopic structure characteristics and pore statistical distribution law of the hole surface after ejecting were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanism of the difference of the interface shear strength was obtained. The tensile properties of two different batches of materials were obtained by tensile tests. The results show that the tensile properties of the two batches of materials differ greatly. The analysis suggests that the reason for this difference is the differences in interfacial bonding strength between the fiber rod and matrix. The higher the interface shear strength, the better the tensile property of the material will be.
Identifying the Most Effective Geosite Evaluation Models in Iran Using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods
Authors: Ghasemi Moslem , Ghanavati Ezatollah , Kazemi Jebrail 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Despite the large amount of information, including books, articles and pristine images of geotourism, there exists no comprehensive study on the collection and classification of them in Iran yet. In this research, for the modelling of geosite watersheds, 1000 articles were surveyed through library research and the models with the highest frequency of use were identified and analysed among a statistical sample of 451 local papers using the Meta-Analysis method, and then the most efficient ones were identified using Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The results of this study showed that while the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT), Pralong, Reynard, AHP and Pereira models are in the first to fifth-ranked models with the highest frequency, however, Pralong, SWOT, Reynard, Perira and Comanescu models were considered as the most efficient ones in geosite modelling in Iran.
The prevalence and the impact of sarcopenia in digestive cancers. A systematic review
Authors: Haiducu Carmen , Buzea Adrian , Mirea Liliana Elena , Dan Gheorghe Andrei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, associated with low muscle strength and/or poor physical performance. Assessing the prevalence of sarcopenia among digestive cancers and establishing the impact that sarcopenia has on the postoperative evolution of digestive tumors may be a central pillar in improving postoperative outcomes by caring for perioperative sarcopenia.
This brief review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancer patients.

Method and materials: PubMed database was searched for “sarcopenia” AND “digestive cancers” from January 1st, 2010, through September 30th, 2020. PRISMA guideline was used for this systematic review. After the selection process, 31 complete studies were included in our review.
Assessment of sarcopenia diagnosis for the studies included in this systematic review was based on a computed tomographic calculation of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra.

Results: Among a total of 11,651 patients with digestive cancers, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.68%.
The highest prevalence of sarcopenic patients was in esophageal (70.4%) and hepatic (60.3%) cancer, following by biliary tract (49.3%), pancreatic (45.70%), colorectal (42.83%) cancer, and gastric cancer (32.05%) with the lowest prevalence.
The results of the studies conducted by now regarding the prevalence of sarcopenia in digestive cancers and its relevance in the evolution of these cancers are discordant and uneven.
Some studies show that the presence of sarcopenia in patients with digestive cancers is associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications, increased toxicity of chemotherapeutics and increased mortality. Other studies do not find sarcopenia as an independent risk factor associated with negative consequences in the course of patients with digestive cancers.

Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in digestive cancers. There is still no consensus about the impact of sarcopenia on the treatment of digestive cancers. Further studies are needed to evaluate the real consequences of sarcopenia in digestive cancers..
Lacticaseibacilli and Lactococci from Slovak Raw Goat Milk and their Potential
Authors: Lauková A. , Simonová M. Pogány , Tomáška M. , Kološta M. , Drončovský M. , Dvorožňáková E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Strains potential such as bacteriocin activity, biofilm formation ability, growth in skim milk, susceptibility to antibiotics, tolerance to bile and low pH as well as enzyme production was tested in the species Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis detected in Slovak raw goat milk. The strains showed mostly low-grade biofilm formation ability, susceptibility to antibiotics and sufficient tolerance to oxgall/bile. Lacticaseibacillus (Lcb.) paracasei ZM-1, ZM-2 and Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis PD MO 1/8 showed high tolerance to pH 3 (67 %, 83 % and 63 %, respectively). The strains showed bacteriocin activity against the principal indicator Enterococcus avium EA5 (inhibition zone ranging 5–24 mm). A concentrated substance of Lcb. paracasei LPa ML 12/1 (pH 6.3) inhibited EA5 strain (inhibition activity 100 AU ml–1). Lcb. paracasei ZM-1 and ZM-2 also produced a high amount of β-galactosidase (40 nmol). Although the strains indicated their beneficial potential, additional testing is needed; some tests are in processing for further possible application of selected strains in dairy.
Response of Laying Hens to Aqueous Extracts ofPetiveria alliaceaRoot and Leaf
Authors: Oyeleke A.M. , Adeyemi O.A. , Egbeyale L.T. , Sobayo R.A. , Olaifa R.O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the response of laying hens to aqueous extracts ofPetiveria alliacearoot and leaf. A total of 288 eighteen-week-old Isa brown pullets were used for the 25-week study. The pullets were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial experimental layout in a completely randomized design. The pullets were distributed into two groups administered root extract or leaf extract. Pullets in each group were allotted to four subgroups administered aqueous extracts ofPetiveria alliaceaat 15, 30 and 45 g l–1concentration levels making eight treatments in total. Each treatment was replicated three times with twelve pullets per replicate.Eimeriaoocyst counts and intestinal bacteria counts were lower (P< 0.0001 andP= 0.0028, respectively) in hens administered 15, 30 and 45 g l–1ofPetiveria alliaceaextracts than the control. The highest (P< 0.0001) antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine was recorded in hens administered 30 and 45 g l–1concentrations of root (9.06 and 9.10 log2, respectively) and leaf (9.08 and 9.18 log2, respectively) extracts. The liver sections of hens in all treatments appeared normal. In conclusion, aqueous extract ofPetiveria alliacearoot and leaf at 30 and 45 g l–1 concentrations performed best as antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent without impairing liver health.
Adenocarcinoma of the Jejunum: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zindovic Miljan , Culafic Tatjana , Saric Dragan , Zindovic Dunja 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Small intestine cancers account for 1-3% of all gastrointestinal tumors, with only 11-25% of these tumors located in the jejunum. We report the case of a woman who has been experiencing abdominal pain for the last six months, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and appearance of dark-colored stools, who has lost 20 kg in weight during the last few months. Laboratory findings indicated anemia and no significant changes were identified in the abdominal ultrasound. By endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum and by colonoscopy, no infiltrations were found. Serum markers were elevated and CT scan of the abdomen showed thickening of a part of the jejunum wall with swollen lymph nodes in the mesentery, along the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta, in the retroperitoneal space. By opening the abdominal cavity, we observed an infiltration in the initial part of the jejunum with an infiltration of the entire wall. Resection of the jejunum with related mesenthery, vessels and lymph nodes therein was performed. Histopathology revealed an invasive adenocarcinoma of the small intestine, with an invasion of all layers of the wall and mesentery. Adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy was introduced, 6 cycles in total, and following each cycle, tumor markers have been constantly decreasing. No relapse has been identified after nine months. Due to often deep position in the small intestine, atypical symptomatology and lack of screening, an early diagnosis is difficult. Surgical resection of the affected small intestine followed by an additional chemotherapy is the optimal treatment strategy.
Movements of a male greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) during its 2nd and 3rd calendar years
Authors: McGrady Mike , Schmidt Matthias , Andersen Georgina , Meyburg Christiane , Väli Ülo , Allamki Faisal , Meyburg Bernd-Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) is poorly known compared to other European eagles. We tracked an immature greater spotted eagle during 2018–2020 within the eastern European part of the species’ distribution, west of the Ural Mountains. Because so little is published about the annual movements of this species, especially from that region, tracking data from this single individual are valuable. 95% kernel density estimator (KDE) range sizes for the two complete winters in Yemen were 4,009 km2 (2018), 1,889 km2 (2019); 95% dynamic Brownian bridge movement models (dBBMM) encompassed 1,309 km2 (2018) and 1,517 km2 (2019). It returned to the same wintering area every year. During summer 2018, it settled into a small area (95% KDE = 126 km2; 95% dBBMM = 21 km2) near Birsk, eastern European Russia; in 2019 it wandered over a huge area (95% dBBMM = 66,304 km2) of western Kazakhstan and southern Russia, south west of Yekaterinburg. Spring migration 2018 was west of the Caspian Sea; during 2019 it was east of it. Mean speed of spring migration was 160±120 km/day during 2018, and 132±109 km/day during 2019. Autumn migration passed east of the Caspian in both years, and the mean speed of migration was 62 ± 78 km/day in 2018, and 84 ± 95 km/day in 2019. During both spring and autumn migrations, the eagle made stopovers, mostly lasting 1–2 days. The eastern Alborz Mountains in northeastern Iran appeared to be an important stopover locale, where autumn stopovers lasted 19 days (2018) and 27 days (2019). These and other data suggest that most greater spotted eagles that spend summers west of about 42°E, winter in southern Europe, Asian Turkey, the Levant and Africa, and those that summer to the east of that meridian winter in southern Asia, including Arabia.
Time and Space Discretization in the Digital Twin of the Airport Transport Network
Authors: Saifutdinov Farid , Tolujevs Jurijs 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the concept of a Digital Twin (DT) creation, which could be used as part of a centralized ground traffic control system in the airport’s apron area. The work is focused on the automatic control systems expected in the future, which will completely replace the ground traffic controllers that solve the centralized control’s tasks in our days. It is assumed that the developed DT can be used both at the stage of training the control system and at the stage of its use. A special feature of the proposed DT concept is the clearly formulated principles of the observed process’ time discretization and the space in which the movement of ground vehicles and aircraft occurs. The experimental verification of the developed concept was carried out using a special simulation model designed to generate data streams on the airport’s transport network’s traffic participants’ location.
Analysis and Prediction of Vehicles Speed in Free-Flow Traffic
Authors: Maczyński Andrzej , Brzozowski Krzysztof , Ryguła Artur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Speed is a crucial factor in the frequency and severity of road accidents. Light and heavy vehicles speed in free-flow traffic at six locations on Poland’s national road network was analyzed. The results were used to formulate two models predicting the mean speed in free-flow traffic for both light and heavy vehicles. The first one is a multiple linear regression model, the second is based on an artificial neural network with a radial type of neuron function. A set of the following input parameters is used: average hourly traffic, the percentage of vehicles in free-flow traffic, geometric parameters of the road section (lane and hard shoulder width), type of day and time (hour). The ANN model was found to be more effective for predicting the mean free-flow speed of vehicles. Assuming a 5% acceptable error of indication, the ANN model predicted the mean free-flow speed correctly in 84% of cases for light and 89% for heavy vehicles.
Trajectory Planning of Autonomous Vehicle in Freeway Driving
Authors: Ghariblu Hashem , Moghaddam Hossein B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper describes trajectory planning for an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) in the freeway path. Three types of driving modes are analyzed. First was free flow, this constitutes that moving at the desired speed is determined at the beginning of the movement. Second case was car following, when overtaking or lane-change was impossible, distance or speed adaptation is executed using the variable acceleration/deceleration strategy. Third case was lane change or overtaking. For lane change or overtaking paths, the 5th degree polynomial is used to create a curvilinear path to changes its path to the left lane and then returns to its default lane. The velocity and relative distances of cars are main factors for decision making. All proper driving decisions algorithm is introduced. According to autonomous car desired velocity, in the two driving cases (fast and slow desired velocity for AV) are studied by simulation and their results analyzed and compared with together.
Travel Demand Estimation in Urban Road Networks as Inverse Traffic Assignment Problem
Authors: Krylatov A. , Raevskaya A. , Zakharov V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, traffic engineers employ a variety of intelligent tools for decision support in the field of transportation planning and management. However, not a one available tool is useful without precise travel demand information which is actually the key input data in simulation models used for traffic prediction in urban road areas. Thus, it is no wonder that the problem of estimation of travel demand values between intersections in a road network is a challenge of high urgency. The present paper is devoted to this urgent problem and investigates its properties from computational and mathematical perspectives. We rigorously define the travel demand estimation problem as directly inverse to traffic assignment in a form of a bi-level optimization program avoiding usage of any pre-given (a priori) information on trips. The computational study of the obtained optimization program demonstrates that generally it has no clear descent direction, while the mathematical study advances our understanding on rigor existence and uniqueness conditions of its solution. We prove that once a traffic engineer recognizes the travel demand locations, then their values in the road network can be found uniquely. On the contrary, we discover a non-continuous dependence between the travel demand locations and absolute difference of observed and modeled traffic values. Therefore, the results of the present paper reveal that the actual problem to be solved when dealing with travel demand estimation is the problem of recognition of travel demand locations. The obtained findings contribute in the theory of travel demand estimation and give fresh managerial insights for traffic engineers.
Modern Sediment Model of Traffic Flow
Authors: Yedilbayev Bauyrzhan , Brener Arnold , Shokanova Akmaral , Boltayeva Aigul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The work deals with the mathematical modeling of traffic phenomena. The submitted model is based on a prospective analogy of some described phenomena with particle sedimentation. Both the qualitative analysis of the model and the numerical experiment is carried out. Qualitative results of the research have been compared with the known data of supervision of the traffic on city highways. As a result, the main control parameters which can use for optimal traffic management are highlighted and justified.