bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between travel time to delivery unit and unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth, infant morbidity and mortality: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Örtqvist Anne K. , Haas Jan , Ahlberg Mia , Norman Mikael , Stephansson Olof 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionOver the last decade, a number of delivery units have been closed in Sweden, justified by both economic incentives and patient safety issues. However, concentrating births to larger delivery units naturally increases travel time for some parturient women, which may lead to unintended negative consequences. We aimed to investigate the association between travel time to delivery unit and unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth, and subsequent infant morbidity and mortality.Material and methodsWe performed a population‐based cohort study including 365 604 women in the Swedish Pregnancy Register, giving birth between 2014 and 2017. Modified Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between travel time from home address to actual delivery unit, based on geographic information system analysis, and risk of an unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth. Analyses were stratified by parity and urban/rural residence. Lastly, the associations between an unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth and severe infant morbidity, stillbirth, peripartum, perinatal and neonatal mortality were investigated.ResultsOf those with an unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth (n = 2159), 65% had a travel time up to 30 minutes. A travel time between 31 and 60 minutes was associated with a doubled risk of unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74–2.22) and women with a travel time of more than 1 hour had an adjusted RR of 3.19 (95% CI 2.64–3.86), compared with those with a travel time of <30 minutes. No difference in results was seen when stratified for parity and urban/rural residence. No association was found between unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth and severe infant morbidity. Significant associations were found in crude analyses for stillbirth (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.09–3.13), peripartum (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.18–3.16), perinatal (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.28–3.23) and neonatal mortality (RR 3.08, 95% CI 1.27–7.46), although neonatal mortality was very rare (2.3/1000 out‐of‐hospital births). Similar effect estimates were found in the adjusted analyses, though no longer significant.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of unplanned out‐of‐hospital births occurred in the group of women with a travel time of 0–30 minutes, increasing travel time to a delivery unit is associated with unplanned out‐of‐hospital birth, which may increase the risk of mortality.
Towards framing the global in global development: Prospects for development geography
Authors: McKay Deirdre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines data in the public sphere on the global scope of geography’s UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) projects. Building on decolonial critiques of development research, I argue that geography should frame “the global” of global research as a sphere of ethical choices in research design and practice. The distribution of funded projects in the UKRI Gateway data suggests geographers succeed where they extend on the more worthy aspects of the discipline’s Area Studies legacy. The discipline’s engagements with early career researchers, international colleagues, and the development sector, however, have potentially been reshaped by the GCRF and thus need closer examination. While the UK government has brought the GCRF programme to a close, further work on these themes should inform the next iteration of global research. The ethical choices that make research global will remain fundamental to equitable design and impact in global development projects, thus scholars in development geography should prepare to make their projects more transparent and accountable.
Monitoring drainage flow rate facilitates prompt intervention with re‐laparoscopy for postoperative bleeding after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: A case–control study
Authors: Murakami Keisuke , Kitade Mari , Kumakiri Jun , Ozaki Rie , Ikuma Shinichiro , Jinushi Makoto , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to identify the characteristics of cases involving postoperative bleeding after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery, and to clarify the optimal cutoff value of postoperative drainage and vital sign trends for predicting the need for re‐laparoscopy.MethodsOf 6366 patients with gynecologic benign pathologies who underwent laparoscopic surgery at our institution between 2009 and 2018, 13 (0.2%) required re‐laparoscopy for postoperative bleeding. After reviewing the perioperative course in the re‐laparoscopy group, we examined the postoperative total drainage volume (mL), drainage flow rate (mL/h), and vital sign trends in the re‐laparoscopy group (n = 13) and among patients with substantial drainage volume ≥300 mL at 12 hours postoperatively but who did not need re‐laparoscopy (observation group, n = 107).ResultsIn the re‐laparoscopy group, initial laparoscopic surgery included uterine surgery (myomectomy, n = 7; hysterectomy, n = 1), adnexal surgery (n = 3), and uterine plus adnexal surgery (n = 2). Postoperative bleeding sites included the uterine wound (n = 6), adnexal wound (n = 5), umbilical trocar site (n = 1), and mesentery (n = 1). The re‐laparoscopy and observation groups did not differ regarding initial surgical characteristics or postoperative vital sign trends. For distinguishing between the re‐laparoscopy and observation groups, the drainage flow rate was superior to total drainage volume. Continuous excessive drainage (flow rate >50 mL/h) at 3 hours postoperatively was associated with a remarkably increased risk for re‐laparoscopy (odds ratio, 40.07; 95% confidence interval, 5.44 to 1776.41, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn cases with continuous excessive drainage later than 3 hours postoperatively (flow rate >50 mL/h) should be considered for exploratory re‐laparoscopy to enable prompt diagnosis and intervention.
Effortful control moderates relationships between worry and symptoms of depression and anxious arousal
Authors: Ranney Rachel M. , Bing‐Canar Hanaan , Behar Evelyn 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesFindings are inconsistent regarding the relationship between worry and anxious arousal (AA). Effortful control (EC) capacity may explain these inconsistent findings, such that only high worriers with higher EC are able to suppress autonomic arousal through worrying. The current study investigated these main and interactive effects of worry and EC on AA as well as depression.MethodsParticipants (N = 1210, 779 females) were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk website and completed self‐report measures assessing worry, EC, AA, depression, and negative affect intensity.ResultsRegression models revealed that EC moderated the relationship between worry and AA, with individuals lower in EC demonstrating a stronger positive relationship between worry and AA. EC also moderated the relationship between worry and depression, with individuals lower in EC demonstrating a stronger positive relationship between worry and depression. Results remained the same when controlling for age, gender, and negative affect intensity.ConclusionsResults support the idea that low EC may help to explain a range of comorbid psychiatric symptoms.Practitioner points

Individuals low in effortful control demonstrate a stronger association between worry and anxious arousal, as well as between worry and depression

Those low in effortful control may be especially vulnerable to comorbid worry and depression

High worriers who are high in effortful control may be motivated to continue worrying due to their ability to reduce anxious arousal during worry
Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation and environmental change in the Jom‐Bolok volcanic region, East Sayan Mountains, South Siberia, Russia
Authors: Bezrukova Elena V. , Shchetnikov Alexander A. , Kulagina Natalia V. , Amosova Alena A. 
Published: March 2021

This study presents the first centennial‐scale multi‐proxy record from the East Sayan Mountains, which are part of the central Asian ‘water tower’ massif. The record from Lake Kaskadnoe in the Jom‐Bolok area shows changes in vegetation and climate since c. 14.2 cal. ka BP. Although the study site is in an area with active volcanism, there is no clear evidence that volcanic eruptions influenced the local vegetation. At c. 14.2–12.9 cal. ka BP, regional climate was sufficiently warm and moist to allow scattered growth of Picea, Larix and Betula nana around the lake. A cooling episode at c. 12.9–11.5 cal. ka BP is coincident with the Younger Dryas and led to the predominance of shrub tundra in the basin. Cool and moist conditions c. 11.5–9.0 cal. ka BP resulted in the spread of Pinus sibirica in the catchment of Lake Kaskadnoe. The Middle Holocene, c. 9.0–4.5 cal. ka BP, featured a warmer and drier regional climate, which led to a decrease in high‐elevation dark conifer forest. Subsequently, the onset of the Neoglacial and a cooler climate is indicated by the spread of Larix sibirica and Pinus sibirica in the study area. Lateglacial and Holocene moisture conditions in the East Sayan Mountains have primarily been controlled by the interaction of the westerlies and the East Asian Summer Monsoon and show a drying trend through time; long‐term insolation changes affected both the Monsoon and regional temperatures. The pattern of moisture decrease in the latter part of the Holocene is seen at sites in adjacent regions of the central Asian mountains.
Fluvial magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for long‐term variations of mountain permafrost development in the Alp‐Carpathian region
Authors: Püspöki Zoltán , Gibbard Philip Leonard , Nádor Annamária , Thamó‐Bozsó Edit , Sümegi Pál , Fogarassy‐Pummer Tímea , Mcintosh Richard William , Lantos Miklós , Tóth‐Makk Ágnes , Stercel Ferenc , Krassay Zita , Kovács Péter , Szőcs Teodóra , Fancsik Tamás 
Published: March 2021

Low field magnetic susceptibility (MS) records of 13 reference boreholes representing the whole Quaternary fluvial succession of the Great Hungarian Plain were correlated to develop regional stratigraphy. Data from 12 of the boreholes were published between 2016 and 2020, the Tiszainoka borehole is newly reported in this paper. Eleven magnetic susceptibility cycles, capped by the most emergent master MS peaks (MP) and bordered by susceptibility termination surfaces, have been correlated. Supported by the already evaluated palaeomagnetic reversals and instability events, MPs have been correlated to the cold stages of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) records. MPs represent MIS 104, 100, 98, 82, 60, 52, 34(−36) and 26 of increased heavy oxygen isotope value, constituting the significant Early Pleistocene glaciations, and MIS 18, 16, 12, 8, 6 and 2 mostly representing the substantial Middle and Upper Pleistocene European glaciation events. The interpretation of early postglacial fluvial MS maxima, which emphasizes the escape of weathering‐sensitive magnetic minerals from the catchment area triggered by the thawing of mountain permafrost, is confirmed by the correlation of MPs to the changes of the global ice volume. As a result, fluvial MS records can be considered as a proxy for mountain permafrost development in the catchment areas. Regional correlations confirmed that the Körös and Jászság Basins and the Makó Trough are sites of almost continuous fluvial records of the past 2600 ka. Thus, the Pannonian Quaternary fluvial succession is sufficiently complete to provide a satisfactory record of mountain permafrost development of the Alp‐Carpathian region, the latter being a globally relevant European representative of mid‐latitude mountain regions. The similarity of the Pannonian fluvial MS succession as a permafrost proxy to the marine ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) and Chinese loess/palaeosol MS records promises the possibility of comparative investigations of globally relevant proxy records and mid‐latitude mountain permafrost development.
Assessing first‐order BQART estimates for ancient source‐to‐sink mass budget calculations
Authors: Nyberg Björn , Helland‐Hansen William , Gawthorpe Robert , Tillmans Fabian , Sandbakken Pål 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConstraining the timing and volume of sediment dispersal in an ancient sedimentary system is vital to understand a basin's infill history. One preferred method for a first‐order approximation of ancient sediment load estimates, the BQART model, is based on empirical observations of modern river systems relating basin morphology, topography, climate, run‐off and bedrock characteristics. Despite the popularity of such methods, a comprehensive assessment on the validity of using modern river observations to measure sediment load on geological timescales is lacking. Here, we investigate the uncertainties, sensitivities and practicalities surrounding the use of modern empirical observations in general and the BQART model in particular, to evaluate ancient sediment river loads. Although catchment area and relief are the least constrained parameters in an ancient sedimentary system, the temperature parameter may have an even more significant impact in the range of predicted sediment load estimates using a BQART approach. The applicability of BQART is most suitable for regional to continental scale source‐to‐sink systems that are based on robust paleogeographic and paleoclimatic models of cold (<2°C) or warm temperate (>8°C) climates. One further needs to consider the high amplitude discharge events that can dominate the stratigraphic record which are not captured by historical observations of sediment load over a 30‐year period. In addition, our limited understanding of bedload material transport and an unknown pristine environment in the Anthropocene reduce the reliability of modern sediment load estimates for the ancient. Mass budget estimates in deep time based on empirical relationships of modern river systems can thus provide first‐order estimates within an order of magnitude but need to consider the limitations imposed by extrapolating the modern to the ancient. Here, we present a framework to consider the suitability of the BQART method for ancient source‐to‐sink mass budget analyses.
Decay classes of coarse woody debris in a lowland Dipterocarp forest: implications for volume, density, and carbon estimates
Authors: Shorohova Ekaterina , Kapitsa Ekaterina , Kuznetsov Andrey , Kuznetsova Svetlana , Lopes de Gerenuy Valentin , Kaganov Vladimir , Kurganova Irina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoarse woody debris (CWD) is a critical structural and functional component of forest ecosystems. In tropical forests, developing a decomposition classification is required for vigorous estimates of the role of CWD in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling and habitat diversity. This study considered the relationship between decay class, termite infestation, wood density, and C content of CWD in a lowland Dipterocarp forest in Southern Vietnam. The termite infestation averaged 73% by number and 32% by volume of all CWD pieces. Microbial‐ and termite‐driven decomposition was separated in the suggested decay classification system. Five decay classes were assigned to CWD items based on the proportion of wood consumed by invertebrates, as well as softness and moisture of the remaining wood. The proportion of wood volume consumed by termites in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes averaged 2, 5, 15, 48, and 77%, respectively. The bulk density of wood of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes averaged 0.628, 0.501, 0.332, 0.169, and 0.071 g cm−3, respectively. The C concentration in wood averaged 42% and did not depend on decay class. The total C content in CWD decreased with decomposition and averaged 0.259, 0.199, 0.121, 0.037, and 0.009 g cm−3 in the CWD of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th decay classes, respectively. We conclude that in Dipterocarp forests the inventories of CWD by decay classes should include estimates of proportions of wood, termite soil substrate, and wood voids.
Reuse of textile wastewater treated by moving bed biofilm reactor coupled with membrane bioreactor
Authors: Yang Xuefei , López‐Grimau Víctor , Vilaseca Mercedes , Crespi Martí , Ribera‐Pi Judit , Calderer Montse , Martínez‐Lladó Xavier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA laboratory‐scale pilot plant of moving bed biofilm reactor coupled with membrane bioreactor (MBBR‐MBR) was studied with regard to wastewater treatment in the textile industry, and the reuse feasibility of treated water was investigated. The pilot plant comprised two connected parts: an aerobic tank filled with carriers and a submerged membrane tank. The MBBR‐MBR system reduced the hydraulic retention time to 1 day, which is very promising compared with conventional biological treatment in the textile industry. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand reached 93%, which is almost the maximum for a biological process treating this type of wastewater, as well as the colour removal performance, which achieved 85%. Additionally, 99% of total suspended solids were removed due to filtration. Furthermore, new dyeing processes reusing the treated water were performed. The quality of the new dyed fabrics with treated water was compared with reference fabrics. Colour differences between new dyed fabrics and reference fabrics were found to be within the general requirement of the textile industry (ΔECMC(2:1) < 1). The reuse of treated water in new dyeing processes is beneficial both for the industry and for the environment, because the textile sector is an intensive water consumer during both the dyeing and finishing processes.
Zooplanktivore fish body growth responses to browning‐induced light limitation vary over ontogeny, but not with fish density
Authors: van Dorst Renee M. , Gårdmark Anna , Svanbäck Richard , Huss Magnus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOngoing climate change is leading to browning of many lakes and coastal areas, which can impair fish body growth and biomass production. However, whether and how effects of light limitation caused by browning on fish body growth vary over early ontogeny is unknown. In this study, we set up a mesocosm experiment to test whether roach (Rutilus rutilus) body growth responses to browning depend on body size, and if findings are robust over roach densities. We also studied a potential mechanism for size‐specific responses by conducting an aquaria experiment to test if size‐specific prey selectivity in roach changes with browning. We found that roach body growth responses to browning‐induced light limitation vary over ontogeny (independent of roach density), negatively affecting body growth of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) but not of 1‐year‐old individuals. We also show that this difference in growth response is likely a consequence of browning‐induced alterations in zooplankton community composition and variation in prey selectivity between YOY and 1‐year‐old fish. This suggests that we should account for the diverse effects of browning over fish ontogeny, mediated via altered prey composition and ontogenetic changes in prey preference, when assessing overall impacts of browning on aquatic ecosystems.
Clinical predictors of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody titers in COVID‐19 convalescents: Implications for convalescent plasma donor recruitment
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Franchini Massimo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) efficacy is still under investigation in randomized controlled trials (RCT), CCP collections continue worldwide with largely variable criteria. Since it is well known that only a minority of patients develop high‐titer neutralizing antibodies (nAb), as assessed by the viral neutralization tests (VNT), strategies to maximize cost‐effectiveness of CCP collection are urgently needed. A growing amount of the population is having exposure to the virus and is hence becoming a candidate CCP donor. Laboratory screening with high‐throughput serology has good correlations with the VNT titer, but upstream screening using clinical surrogates would be advisable. We review here the existing literature on clinical predictors of high‐titer nAb. Older age, male sex, and hospitalization are the main proxies of high VNT and should drive CCP donor recruitment.
Risk factors for the progression of motoric cognitive risk syndrome to dementia: Retrospective cohort analysis of two populations
Authors: Meiner Zeev , Ayers Emmeline , Bennett David A. , Wang Cuiling , Verghese Joe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait. MCR is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and incident dementia. Predictors of transition to dementia in MCR patients are still obscure.MethodsWe examined clinical, biological and lifestyle parameters related to conversion to dementia using Cox models in 439 older adults with prevalent MCR (mean age 79.87 ± 8.13 years, 70% women) from two cohorts, 268 from the Chicago‐based Rush Memory and Aging project (MAP) and 171 from the Religious Orders Study (ROS), which enrolled religious clergy across the United States.ResultsIn the pooled sample, 439 (13.2%) had prevalent MCR (268 MAP and 171 ROS). There were 140 (31.9%) incident dementia cases over a median follow up of 4.0 years. Age predicted conversion from MCR to dementia in both cohorts. Male gender was a risk factor only in ROS. In the pooled data, only higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher risk of conversion to dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24). Lower cognitive activity participation (aHR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.79) and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (aHR 2.57, 95% CI 1.48–4.45) predicted conversion to dementia in MAP.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms and other cohort‐specific risk factors were identified as predictors of transition to dementia in individuals with MCR. These findings suggest common pathological mechanisms underlying mood, gait and cognitive declines in aging, which could help develop preventive strategies.
Effects of High‐ versus Low‐Intensity Clinician Training on Implementation of Family‐Focused Therapy for Youth with Mood and Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Miklowitz David J. , Weintraub Marc J. , Posta Filippo , Denenny Danielle M. , Chung Bowen 
Published: March 2021

The implementation of evidence‐based psychotherapies often requires significant commitments of time and expense from mental health providers. Psychotherapy protocols with rapid and efficient training and supervision requirements may have higher levels of uptake in publicly funded clinics. Family‐focused therapy (FFT) is a 4‐month, 12‐session treatment for bipolar and psychosis patients consisting of psychoeducation, communication training, and problem‐solving skills training. In a pilot randomized trial, we compared two methods of training community clinicians in FFT: (a) high intensity (n = 24), consisting of a 6‐hour in‐person didactic workshop followed by telephone supervision for every session with training cases; or (b) low‐intensity training (n = 23), consisting of a 4‐hour online workshop covering the same material as the in‐person workshop followed by telephone supervision after every third session with training cases. Of 47 clinician participants, 18 (11 randomly assigned to high intensity, 7 to low) enrolled 34 patients with mood or psychotic disorders (mean age 16.5 ± 2.0 years; 44.1% female) in an FFT implementation phase. Expert supervisors rated clinicians’ fidelity to the FFT manual based on taped family sessions. We detected no differences in fidelity scores between clinicians in the two training conditions, nor did patients treated by clinicians in high‐ versus low‐intensity training differ in end‐of‐treatment depression or mania symptoms. Levels of parent/offspring conflict improved in both conditions. Although based on a pilot study, the results suggest that low‐intensity training of community clinicians in FFT is feasible and can result in rapid achievement of fidelity benchmarks without apparent loss of treatment efficacy.