bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Chinese medicine clinical research questions in cancer palliative care from patient and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Wong Charlene H. L. , Wong Wendy , Lin Wai Ling , Au David K. Y. , Wu Justin C. Y. , Leung Ting Hung , Wu Irene X. Y. , Chung Vincent C. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChinese medicine (CM) modalities, including acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), are popular palliative interventions among patients with cancer, but further clinical research is required to assess their effectiveness and safety.ObjectiveTo prioritize top ten important CM clinical research questions from patients with cancer, cancer survivors and caregivers’ perspectives via a face‐to‐face prioritization workshop in Hong Kong.MethodsA list of 25 CM clinical research questions for cancer palliative care, which were identified from existing systematic reviews (SRs) and overview of SRs, was presented to 17 participants (patients with cancer [n = 5], cancer survivors [n = 6] and caregivers [n = 6]). The participants were then invited to establish consensus on prioritizing top ten research questions.ResultsAmong the top ten priorities, five (50%) focused on acupuncture and related therapies, while five (50%) were on CHM. The three most important research priorities were (i) manual acupuncture plus opioids for relieving pain; (ii) CHM for improving quality of life among patients receiving chemotherapy; and (iii) concurrent use of CHM plus loperamide for reducing stomatitis.ConclusionThe top ten participant‐endorsed CM clinical research priorities for cancer palliative care can guide local researchers on future direction. They can also inform local research funders on patient‐centred allocation of limited funding. Under limited research funding, the most important co‐prioritized research question from professional and patient perspectives may be addressed first.Patient or Public ContributionPatients with cancer, cancer survivors and caregivers participated in conduct of the study to prioritize CM clinical research questions.
“STARING INTO THE SINGULARITY” AND OTHER POSTHUMAN TALES: TRANSHUMANIST STORIES OF FUTURE CHANGE
Authors: TAILLANDIER APOLLINE 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I conduct a contextual analysis of transhumanist conceptions of posthuman futures. Focusing on cryonics, nanotechnology, and artificial superintelligence technological projects through a study of primarily American sources from the 1960s onward, I identify three distinct conceptualizations of the posthuman future: Promethean, spontaneous, and scalar. I argue that transhumanists envision posthumanity as resulting from a transition that involves both continuity and radical change. Although these three posthuman futures appear to share an interest in predicting a superior “cosmic” realization of human destiny, they involve distinct “liberal” conceptions of historical agency. These include the unlimited individual liberty of the technologized self, the knowledge‐ordering properties of the market, and the rational aggregation of individual interests over the long term. I locate these heterogeneous and partly conflicting conceptions of historical agency in the context of the postwar crisis and remaking of liberalism's future. I argue that transhumanist ideas about the transition toward a more‐than‐human or beyond‐human future are best understood as manifesting a wide range of attempts at thinking about horizons of unprecedented change within the terms of postwar liberal projects. Ultimately, transhumanist futures shed light on the multiplicity of political temporalities that are required for thinking and writing stories about unprecedented futures.
3. LAW AND THE TIME OF ANGELS: INTERNATIONAL LAW'S METHOD WARS AND THE AFFECTIVE LIFE OF DISCIPLINES
Authors: WHEATLEY NATASHA 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTRecent method wars in international legal scholarship turn on the problem of law in time. Rejecting historians' focus on context and their “policing of anachronism,” prominent legal scholars like Anne Orford and Martti Koskenniemi have argued that the workings of modern law are not governed by the narrow strictures of sequential chronology and that legal scholars require alternate methods that reflect law's transfer of meaning through time. Contextualism, in this reckoning, represents a misguided methodological straightjacket that stifles critique by quarantining meaning and power in discrete historical silos; the embrace of anachronism, conversely, would foster a revitalized history of international law intimately connected with the political imperatives of the present. This essay uses the debate as an opening into a fuller exploration of law in history and in time. In considering the idiosyncratic way law frames time, sequence, and duration, it explores the connection between law's transtemporal transfers and its very mode of reproduction. To speak of law's capacity to escape context and travel through time is another way of describing its normativity: the laws of the past that survive to exert a normative force in the present are not, in their law‐ness, past—they are simply present law. The essay suggests some ways to make that temporality itself the object of analysis (rather than naturalizing and affirming it, as Orford has, or, conversely, dismissing it as bad history, as some historians have). It draws on the history of science to generate an account of law's temporal habitus as a disciplinary knowledge tool, a kind of epistemic virtue that is intimately involved in law's internal criteria for truth and falsity.
Species traits influence the process of biodiversity inventorying: a case study using the British butterfly database
Authors: Lobo Jorge M. , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Fox Richard , Dennis Roger L. H. , Sánchez‐Fernández David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The description of how biological information is compiled over time is essential to detect temporal biases in biodiversity data that could directly influence the utility, comparability, and reliability of ecological and biogeographical studies.
We explore trends in species recording over time using one of the most spatially and temporally comprehensive country‐level databases for any group of insects in the world – the database of butterfly occurrences from Great Britain.
Firstly, we used two crucial milestones (the year in which the taxonomic inventory is complete, i.e., when the last species was recorded, the year in which all species are recorded together for the first time) to delimit three main phases in the process of biodiversity recording (taxonomic, faunistic and exhaustive phases). Secondly, we aimed to quantify how far species features (attractiveness and detectability) influence the process of recording through time.
During the first stage of biodiversity compilation, when the main aim is to complete the taxonomic inventory (taxonomic period), entomologists tend to record attractive species more frequently. However, once the inventory is complete, particularly in the period during which more spatially and temporally comprehensive information about species distribution is amassed (the exhaustive period), the recording pattern clearly changes to more detectable species.
Common, highly detectable species are undersampled in the first phase of biodiversity data compilation and oversampled in the final stages. Awareness of such temporal patterns in recording is necessary in order to correctly interpret and address bias in insect biodiversity trends.
Self‐care activities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Jiao , Wu Tingting , Hu Xiling , Gao Lingling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis study investigated self‐care activities and identified their related factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, between September 2016 and February 2017, involving 202 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measures included the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities Questionnaire and Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire.ResultsSelf‐care activities in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were suboptimal overall. Foot care and blood sugar testing were the self‐care activities that were performed the least. One fifth of patients smoked. Some subscales of illness perceptions, receiving health education on diabetes, employment status, education level, body mass index, age and time since type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis, were related to self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionHealth‐care providers and nurses should encourage greater engagement in self‐care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially foot care and blood sugar testing. Illness perceptions may be used as a framework to guide interventions.
Helicase antigen (HAGE)‐derived vaccines induce immunity to HAGE and ImmunoBody®‐HAGE DNA vaccine delays the growth and metastasis of HAGE‐expressing tumors in vivo
Authors: Nagarajan Divya , Pearson Joshua , Brentville Victoria , Metheringham Rachael , Pockley A Graham , Durrant Lindy , McArdle Stephanie E 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe management of patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to pose a significant clinical challenge. Less than 30% of women with metastatic TNBC survive 5 years, despite adjuvant chemotherapy and the initial higher rates of clinical response that can be achieved with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ImmunoBody is a plasmid DNA designed to encode a human antibody molecule with complementarity‐determining regions engineered to express cytotoxic and helper T‐cell epitopes derived from the cancer antigen of interest. The helicase antigen (HAGE) is a cancer testis antigen, which is expressed in TNBC. Herein, we have identified a 30‐amino‐acid‐long HAGE‐derived sequence containing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2‐ and HLA‐DR1‐restricted epitopes and demonstrated that the use of this sequence as a peptide (with CpG/incomplete Freund's adjuvant) or incorporated into an ImmunoBody vaccine can generate specific interferon‐γ‐secreting splenocytes in HHDII+DR1+ mice. T‐cell responses elicited by the ImmunoBody‐HAGE vaccine were superior to peptide immunization. Moreover, splenocytes from ImmunoBody‐HAGE‐vaccinated mice stimulated in vitro could recognize HAGE+ tumor cells and the human TNBC cell line MDA‐MB‐231. More importantly, the growth of implanted HHDII+DR1+HAGE+Luc+ B16 cells.
Natural Characteristics and Human Activity Influence Turbidity and Ion Concentrations in Streams
Authors: Scott Erin E. , Haggard Brian E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll 54 km of the West Fork of the White River (WFWR) were on Arkansas's 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and sulfate for many years. This study identifies which river segments fail to meet applicable water quality standards (WQS) and investigates possible anthropogenic or natural sources of pollutants. We also evaluated a larger dataset of 119 sites in the Boston Mountains and Ozark Highlands ecoregions, compiled from the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality online database. In the WFWR, water samples were collected once or twice a month at nine sites from June 2014 through June 2018. Median values for turbidity, TDS, sulfate, and chloride ranged from 1.8 to 10.8 NTU, 40.8 to 151.3 mg/L, 3.5 to 27.9 mg/L, and 3.2 to 5.5 mg/L, respectively, and generally increased from upstream to downstream (p < 0.05). Violations of the water quality standard for the parameters of interest varied by site, but generally occurred in the downstream portion of the WFWR, where land use, riparian soils, and underlying geology change. In the larger dataset, turbidity, TDS, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were all significantly greater in the Ozark Highlands than the Boston Mountains ecoregion (p < 0.05). Anthropogenic activities influence dissolved ion concentrations across these study sites, while geology and riparian soils may be important factors for differences in sulfate and turbidity.
Fabrication of transparent Y2O3 ceramics by two‐step spark plasma sintering
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hwoan , Kim Byung‐Nam , Jang Byung‐Koog 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransparent Y2O3 ceramics were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering applying a two‐step pressure and heating profile. Through the shrinkage curve of the single‐step SPS profile, it was confirmed that shrinkage occurred at 800°C–1250°C, and it was selected as the two‐step pressure profile. After the first‐step SPS stage at 1250°C, the second‐step SPS stage, which had the highest real in‐line transmittance, was completed at 1500°C. The two‐step SPS profile improved the shrinkage behavior and was able to achieve sufficient densification without excessive coarsening. As a result, the normalized real in‐line transmittance to 1 mm was 80.6% at 1100 nm, which is close to the theoretical transmittance of 81.6%. The two‐step pressure and heating profile in the SPS process was a significant advantage in manufacturing ceramics that were transparent and had sufficient densification.
Tuning fermi level and band gap in Li4Ti5O12 by doping and vacancy for ultrafast Li+ insertion/extraction
Authors: Wang Zhenya , Guo Hao , Ning De , Ma Xiaobai , Zheng Lirong , Smirnov Dmitry , Sun Kai , Chen Dongfeng , Sun Limei , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLi4Ti5O12 (LTO) attracts great interest due to the “zero strain” during cycles but the poor electronic and ionic conductivity critically impede the practical application. Herein, we report a synergy strategy of tuning localized electrons to shift Fermi level and band gap by Mg/Zr co‐doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation, which significantly improves Li+ and electronic transport. More importantly, the intrinsic synergistic mechanism has been revealed by neutron diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectra, and first‐principles calculations. The “elastic effect” of lattice induced by Mg/Zr co‐doping allows LTO to accommodate more oxygen vacancies to a certain degree without a severe lattice distortion, which largely improves the electronic conductivity. Mg/Zr co‐doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation effectively enhanced the dynamic characteristics of LTO electrode, achieving the excellent rate performance (90 mAh/g at 20C) and cycle stability (96.9% after 500 cycles at 10C). First‐principles calculations confirm Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the band gap becomes narrowed due to the synergistic modulation, and the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced electronic and Li‐ion conductivity is clarified. This study offers some insights into achieving the fast Li+ insertion/extraction by tuning the crystal and electronic structure with lattice doping and oxygen vacancy engineering.
The Strings Attached to Bringing Future Generations into Existence
Authors: Unruh Charlotte Franziska 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTMany people believe that we have moral duties towards those we bring into existence in the short term: our children. Many people also believe that we have moral duties towards those we bring into existence in the long term: future generations. In this article, I explore how these beliefs are connected. I argue that the present generation is morally responsible for future generations in virtue of bringing them into existence. This responsibility entails moral duties to ensure that future people have adequate life prospects. These duties are held directly towards future generations. I argue that this direct argument can overcome challenges that indirect arguments, which justify moral duties concerning future generations via moral duties towards present children, face. The upshot is that considerations from procreative ethics help to illustrate that the present generation stands in a morally relevant special relationship to future generations, a fact that is often overlooked in intergenerational ethics.
Backlash against counter‐stereotypical leader emotions and the role of follower affect in leader evaluations
Authors: Raymondie Romain A. , Steiner Dirk D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe goal of this research was to replicate findings related to followers’ negative evaluations of leaders expressing counter‐stereotypical emotions (e.g., females displaying anger, males displaying sadness). Drawing on predictions of the Challenge versus Threat model, this research also extended those findings by examining whether follower positive and negative affects mediated the relationship between leaders’ counter‐stereotypical emotional displays and followers’ leadership evaluations. In an online experiment, participants completed a reasoning task and received personalized performance feedback from a virtual manager represented by an avatar (male or female) displaying an emotion (neutral, angry, or sad). Participants reported task‐related positive and negative affects and rated their manager (trust, perceived effectiveness, and leader‐member exchange). We replicated previous studies showing that displaying counter‐stereotypical emotions has a negative influence on leadership evaluations. We did not find support for the mediating role of followers’ affects in the relationship between counter‐stereotypical emotional displays and leadership evaluations; although these affects influenced followers’ ratings of their manager. We discuss these findings using Backlash and Role Congruity Theory perspectives and present their theoretical and practical implications.
Stillborn Banking Union: Explaining Ineffective European Union Bank Resolution Rules†
Authors: Asimakopoulos Ioannis , Howarth David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur contribution demonstrates and explains the ineffectiveness of European Union (EU) bank resolution rules, a core element of Banking Union. This inadequacy owes in large part to the limited access to and insufficient availability of EU resolution funds and inadequate national deposit guarantee schemes in most EU member states, in conjunction with the relatively high minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) for many EU banks. In many cases, these requirements are unlikely ever to be met – particularly for retail banks most likely to require resolution in the euro periphery. We offer a liberal intergovernmentalist analysis to explain the inadequacy of the EU resolution regime by examining German and French government preferences on EU rules on bank capital requirements agreed earlier in 2013 and national deposit guarantee schemes agreed in 2014. These government preferences were shaped significantly by the preferences of national banks and bank associations.
From Legal to Political Reasoning: National Parliaments' Use of Reasoned Opinions in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice*
Authors: Tacea Angela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Lisbon Treaty emphasized the importance of subsidiarity control in relation to the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). The article demonstrates that the types of reasoning national parliaments use to raise subsidiarity objections in the AFSJ depend less on the institutional strength of national parliaments in EU affairs and more on the institutional evolution and material scope of EU proposals. Relying on the AFSJ case, the article shows that national parliaments use a narrow legal interpretation of subsidiarity when the EU legislation threatens Member States' legal traditions and State powers. However, concerns about the respect of national legal diversity are replaced by a more political approach to subsidiarity control when politically sensitive and contentious issues are at stake.
Epidemiology, genetic landscape and classification of childhood diabetes mellitus in the State of Qatar
Authors: Haris Basma , Saraswathi Saras , Al‐Khawaga Sara , Hasnah Reem , Saeed Amira , Mundekkadan Shihab , Hamed Noor , Afyouni Houda , Abdel‐Karim Tasneem , Mohammed Shayma , Khalifa Amel , Al‐Maadheed Maryam , Al‐Zyoud Mahmoud , Shamekh Ahmed , Elawwa Ahmed , Al‐Khalaf Fawziya , Boughorbel Sabri , Petrovski Goran , Hussain Khalid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo study the epidemiology, genetic landscape and causes of childhood diabetes mellitus in the State of Qatar.Materials and methodsAll patients (aged 0–18 years) with diabetes mellitus underwent biochemical, immunological and genetic testing. American Diabetes Association guidelines were used to classify types of diabetes mellitus. The incidence and prevalence of all the different types of diabetes mellitus were calculated.ResultsTotal number of children with diabetes mellitus was 1,325 (type 1 n = 1,096, ≥1 antibody; type 2 n = 104, type 1B n = 53; maturity onset diabetes of the young n = 20; monogenic autoimmune n = 4; neonatal diabetes mellitus n = 10;, syndromic diabetes mellitus n = 23; and double diabetes mellitus n = 15). The incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes were 38.05 and 249.73 per 100,000, respectively, and for type 2 were 2.51 and 23.7 per 100,000, respectively. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus was 34.4 per 1,000,000 live births, and in indigenous Qataris the incidence was 43.6 per 1,000,000 live births. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Qatari children was double compared with other nationalities. The prevalence of maturity onset diabetes of the young in Qatar was 4.56 per 100,000.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective and comprehensive study to document the epidemiology and genetic landscape of childhood diabetes mellitus in this region. Qatar has the fourth highest incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, with the incidence and prevalence being higher in Qatari compared with non‐Qatari. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is also higher in Qatar than in Western countries. The incidence of neonatal diabetes mellitus is the second highest in the world. GCK is the most common form of maturity onset diabetes of the young, and a large number of patients have type 1B diabetes mellitus.
Quality of life measurement in alopecia areata. Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes
Authors: Chernyshov P.V. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Finlay A.Y. , Manolache L. , Marron S.E. , Sampogna F. , Spillekom‐van Koulil S. , Pustisek N. , Suru A. , Evers A.W.M. , Salavastru C. , Svensson A. , Abeni D. , Blome C. , Poot F. , Jemec G.B.E. , Linder D. , Augustin M. , Bewley A. , Salek S.S. , Szepietowski J.C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew treatment options may lead to an increased interest in using reliable and sensitive instruments to assess health‐related quality of life in people with alopecia areata (AA). The purpose of this paper is to present current knowledge about quality of life assessment in AA. The dermatology‐specific Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was the most widely reported health‐related quality of life instrument used in AA. Three AA‐specific (Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale, Alopecia Areata Quality of Life Index and Alopecia Areata Patients' Quality of Life) and three hair disease‐specific instruments (Hairdex, Scalpdex and ‘hair‐specific Skindex‐29’) were identified with a range of content and validation characteristics: there is little evidence yet of the actual use of these measures in AA. Scalpdex is the best‐validated hair disease‐specific instrument. Further extensive validation is needed for all of the AA‐specific instruments. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes recommends the use of the dermatology‐specific DLQI questionnaire, hair disease‐specific Scalpdex and the alopecia areata‐specific instruments the Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale or Alopecia Areata Quality of Life Index, despite the limited experience of their use. We hope that new treatment methods will be able to improve both clinical signs and health‐related quality of life in patients with AA. In order to assess the outcomes of trials on these new treatment methods, it would be helpful when further development and validation of AA‐specific instruments is being encouraged and also conducted.