bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetraethylthiophene‐2,5‐diylbismethylphosphonate: A Novel Electrolyte Additive for High‐Voltage Batteries
Authors: Lv Weixia , Li Lucheng , Chen Jun , Ou Caixia , Zhang Qian , Zhong Shengwen , Wang Hua , Wu Lijue , Fu Haikuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel high‐voltage electrolyte additive, tetraethylthiophene‐2,5‐diylbismethylphosphonate (TTD), was synthesized, and the influence of TTD on the electrolyte and its electrochemical performance under different voltages were studied by changing the content of the TTD additive. The results showed that the TTD additive significantly improved the capacity, cycle stability, and rate capability of batteries when charging/discharging at high voltages. After adding 1 % TTD to the basic electrolyte, the capacity retention rate of batteries after 200 cycles at 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 V increased by 20.8, 18.3, 50, and 31.9 %, respectively. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that TTD could effectively inhibit the decomposition of the electrolyte and participate in the formation of a uniform, thin, and stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film on the electrode surface, thereby effectively inhibiting the side reaction between the electrolyte decomposition product and the CEI membrane, and finally improving the high‐voltage performance of the battery. The TTD additive may provide a cost‐effective solution for high‐performance high‐voltage electrolytes.
Hippocampal subfield imaging and fractional anisotropy show parallel changes in Alzheimer's disease tau progression using simultaneous tau‐PET/MRI at 3T
Authors: Carlson Mackenzie L. , Toueg Tyler N. , Khalighi M. Mehdi , Castillo Jessa , Shen Bin , Azevedo Emily C. , DiGiacomo Phillip , Mouchawar Nicole , Chau Gustavo , Zaharchuk Greg , James Michelle L. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Zeineh Michael M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized primarily by abnormal aggregation of two proteins, tau and amyloid beta. We assessed tau pathology and white matter connectivity changes in subfields of the hippocampus simultaneously in vivo in AD.MethodsTwenty‐four subjects were scanned using simultaneous time‐of‐flight 18F‐PI‐2620 tau positron emission tomography/3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and automated segmentation.ResultsWe observed extensive tau elevation in the entorhinal/perirhinal regions, intermediate tau elevation in cornu ammonis 1/subiculum, and an absence of tau elevation in the dentate gyrus, relative to controls. Diffusion tensor imaging showed parahippocampal gyral fractional anisotropy was lower in AD and mild cognitive impairment compared to controls and strongly correlated with early tau accumulation in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the potential for quantifiable patterns of 18F‐PI2620 binding in hippocampus subfields, accompanied by diffusion and volume metrics, to be valuable markers of AD.
Emerging cases of mucormycosis under COVID‐19 pandemic in India: Misuse of antibiotics
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , S. Roshan , Singh Yogendra , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Singh Sachin Kumar , Dureja Harish , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dua Kamal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19's second wave had a significant impact on India, on May 7, 2021, the largest daily recorded case count was a little more than 4 million, and it has since fallen. Although the number of new cases reported has dropped, during the third week of May 2021, India accounted for about 45% of new cases identified globally and around 34% of deaths. As India maintains its present level of stability, a new urgent threat has emerged in the form of coronavirus‐associated mucormycosis. Mucormycosis, an acute and deadly fungal infection caused by Mucorales‐related fungal species, is a fungal emergency with a particularly aggressive propensity for contiguous spread, associated with a poor prognosis if not properly and immediately identified, and treated. Mucormycosis, sometimes referred to as the “black fungus,” has increased more rapidly in India during the second wave of COVID‐19 than during the first wave, with at least 14,872 cases as of May 28, 2021. Uncontrolled diabetic mellitus (DM) and other immunosuppressive diseases such as neutropenia and corticosteroid treatment have traditionally been identified as risk factors for mucormycosis. Therefore, the use of glucocorticoids or high doses of glucocorticoids in mild COVID‐19 cases (without hypoxemia) should be avoided. In addition, drugs that target the immune pathway, such as tocilizumab, are not recommended without clear benefits.
Development of the smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris, as observed in a garden pond during lockdown
Authors: Solovieva Tatiana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLissotriton vulgaris (“smooth newt”) was an important organism for experimental embryology, especially in the early 20th century. The stages of development of L. vulgaris from the appearance of the first cleavage to metamorphosis have previously been described, but only through drawings.ResultsReferring to Glaesner's staging and utilizing a makeshift lockdown laboratory, this study documents the development of L. vulgaris embryos in a small garden pond in Surrey, UK. This study describes varying developmental rates between individuals, identifies pigmented cells in close proximity/contributing to the heart, describes early gill development and reports a case of spontaneous, non‐conjoined newt twins.ConclusionsWhile pigmentation in the heart has been reported in some amphibians, no pigmentation within urodele hearts has been documented to date. Furthermore, although the literature on conjoined twinning in amphibia is extensive, separate, non‐conjoined twinning is largely unexplored in the literature. This study invites further research into understanding of these topics.
Triparental care in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis): Cooperation of two females with a cuckolded male in rearing a brood
Authors: Laczi Miklós , Kopena Renáta , Sarkadi Fanni , Kötél Dóra , Török János , Rosivall Balázs , Hegyi Gergely 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCertain predominant forms of mating and parental care systems are assumed in several model species among birds, but the opportunistic and apparently infrequent variations of “family structures” may often remain hidden due to methodological limitations with regard to genetic or behavioral observations. One of the intensively studied model species, the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), is usually characterized by social monogamy with polyterritorial, facultative social polygyny, and frequent extrapair mating and extrapair paternity. During a brood‐size manipulation experiment, we observed two females and a male delivering food at an enlarged brood. A combination of breeding phenology data (egg laying and hatching date), behavioral data (feeding rates) from video recordings at 10 days of nestling age, and microsatellite genotyping for maternity and paternity suggests a situation of an unrelated female helping a pair in chick rearing. Such observations highlight the relevance of using traditional techniques and genetic analyses together to assess the parental roles within a population, which becomes more important where individuals may dynamically switch from their main and presupposed roles according to the actual environmental conditions.
Major impacts and societal costs of seagrass loss on sediment carbon and nitrogen stocks
Authors: Moksnes Per‐Olav , Röhr Maria Emilia , Holmer Marianne , Eklöf Johan S. , Eriander Louise , Infantes Eduardo , Boström Christoffer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeagrass meadows constitute important carbon sinks, and the ongoing global loss of seagrass habitats raises concerns about the release of carbon stored in their sediments. However, the actual consequences of seagrass loss for the release of carbon and nutrients remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of well‐documented historic losses of eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows along the Swedish NW coast to assess how the contents of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the sediment change when a meadow is lost. We find unusually high contents of C and N (on average 3.7% and 0.39% DW, respectively) in Swedish eelgrass sediments down to >100 cm depth, suggesting that these habitats constitute global hot spots for C and N storage. However, the C and N stocks were strongly influenced by wave exposure and were almost twice as high in sheltered compared to exposed eelgrass meadows. The sediment composition and stable isotope values were distinctly different in areas that have lost eelgrass meadows, with on average >2.6 times lower contents of C and N. The results indicate an erosion of >35 cm sediment following the historical eelgrass loss, and that sheltered meadows have more vulnerable sediment stocks. The results suggest that eelgrass loss has resulted in a release of 60.2 Mg C and 6.63 Mg N per hectare, with an estimated economic cost to society of 7944 and 141,355 US$/ha, respectively. The value of N storage represents one of the highest monetary values presented for an ecosystem service provided by seagrasses and shows that Swedish eelgrass meadows are particularly important for mitigating eutrophication. Following a documented loss of approximately 10 km2 of eelgrass in the study area, it is estimated that over 60,000 Mg of nitrogen was released to the coastal environment over a 20‐yr period, which constitutes over three times the annual river load of nitrogen to the Swedish NW coast. The study exemplifies the significant role of seagrass sediments as sinks for both carbon and nutrients, and that the risk of nutrient release following vegetation loss should be taken into account in the spatial management of seagrass and other coastal habitats.
Sudden cardiac death after acute decompensation in heart failure patients: implications of discharge haemoglobin levels
Authors: Fukuoka Ryoma , Kohsaka Shun , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Sawano Mitsuaki , Abe Takayuki , Levy Wayne C. , Nagatomo Yuji , Nishihata Yosuke , Goda Ayumi , Kohno Takashi , Kawamura Akio , Fukuda Keiichi , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) patients have a high risk of mortality due to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and non‐SCD, including pump failure death (PFD). Anaemia predicts more severe symptomatic burden and higher morbidity, as noted by markedly increased hospitalizations and readmission rates, and mortality, underscoring its importance in HF management. Herein, we aimed to determine whether haemoglobin (Hb) level at discharge affects the mode of death and influences SCD risk prediction.MethodsWe evaluated the data of 3020 consecutive acute HF patients from a Japanese prospective multicentre registry. Patients were divided into four groups based on discharge Hb levels. SCD was defined as an unexpected and otherwise unexplained death in a previously stable patient or death due to documented or presumed cardiac arrhythmia without a clear non‐cardiovascular cause. The mode of death (SCD, PFD or other cause) was adjudicated by a central committee. Finally, we investigated whether adding Hb level to the Seattle Proportional Risk Model (SPRM; established risk score utilized to estimate ‘proportion’ of SCD among death events) would affect its performance.ResultsThe mean age of studied patients was 74.3 ± 12.9 years, and 59.8% were male. The mean Hb level was 12.0 ± 2.1 g/dL (61.3% of patients had anaemia defined by World Health Organization criteria). During the 2‐year follow‐up, 474 deaths (15.7%) occurred, including 93 SCDs (3.1%), 171 PFDs (5.7%) and 210 other deaths (7.0%; predominantly non‐cardiac death). Absolute risk of PFD (P < 0.001) or other death (P < 0.001) increased along with the severity of anaemia, whereas the incidence of SCD was low but remained consistent across all four groups (P = 0.440). As a proportion of total deaths in each Hb level group, the contributions from non‐SCD increased and from SCD decreased along with anaemia severity (P = 0.007). Adding Hb level to the SPRM improved the overall discrimination (c‐index: 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.69] to 0.65 [95% CI 0.59–0.71]), regardless of the baseline ejection fraction (EF) (c‐index: 0.64 [95% CI 0.55–0.73] to 0.67 [95% CI 0.58–0.75] for reduced EF and 0.55 [95% CI 0.45–0.66] to 0.61 [95% CI 0.52–0.70] for preserved EF).ConclusionsThe discharge Hb level provides information about both absolute and proportional risks for each mode of death in acute HF patients, and the addition of Hb level improves the performance of SPRM by identifying more non‐SCD cases. Future ‘proportional’ SCD risk models should incorporate Hb level as a covariate to meet this high performance.
Heterogeneity of germinal center B cells: New insights from single‐cell studies
Authors: Attaf Noudjoud , Baaklini Sabrina , Binet Laurine , Milpied Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUpon antigen exposure, activated B cells in antigen‐draining lymphoid organs form microanatomical structures, called germinal centers (GCs), where affinity maturation occurs. Within the GC microenvironment, GC B cells undergo proliferation and B cell receptor (BCR) genes somatic hypermutation in the dark zone (DZ), and affinity‐based selection in the light zone (LZ). In the current paradigm of GC dynamics, high‐affinity LZ B cells may be selected by cognate T‐ follicular helper cells to either differentiate into plasma cells or memory B cells, or re‐enter the DZ and initiate a new round of proliferation and BCR diversification, before migrating back to the LZ. Given the diversity of cell states and potential cell fates that GC B cells may adopt, the two‐state DZ‐LZ paradigm has been challenged by studies that explored GC B‐cell heterogeneity with a variety of single‐cell technologies. Here, we review studies and single‐cell technologies which have allowed to refine the working model of GC B‐cell cellular and molecular heterogeneity during affinity maturation. This review also covers the use of single‐cell quantitative data for mathematical modeling of GC reactions, and the application of single‐cell genomics to the study of GC‐derived malignancies.
Design and characteristics of low‐resistance lithium‐ion battery pack and its fast charging method for smart phones
Authors: Kim Gi Young , Park Seok Ryun , Yu Jae Su 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn order to apply fast charging in 5th generation (5G) mobile telecommunication, smart phones need to be used at higher current. As the resistance of battery pack increases, the charging time, heat generation, and capacity loss increase in proportion to the charging/discharging current. Thus, a low resistance battery pack is essential. Herein, we proposed a new lithium (Li)‐ion battery pack consisting of a low‐resistance battery cell and protection circuit module (PCM) for Galaxy S10 5G application. The battery cell reduced current density and resistance by loading level of active material and electrode thickness. The resistance of PCM was also reduced by employing low‐resistance circuit components and printed circuit board. It lowered resistance to 51 mΩ compared to 71 mΩ of the battery pack for Galaxy S10. For 5G mobile telecommunication and 25 W fast charging, the charging current should be increased from 3 to 5.7 A and the width of the PCM should be increased 2.45 times, but the low‐resistance components and optimization pattern design maintain 2.9 mm PCM width without decreasing capacity of battery pack. The experiment results showed that reducing the resistance of the battery pack by 26 mΩ reduced full charging time by 27 minutes and increased discharging time by 1 minute. The low‐resistance battery pack met the standard of UL2054 and heating temperature of smart phone. The optimal charging method was also proposed by comparing the charging capacity, charging time, and heat generation by charging current. The proposed charging method reduced the existing 153 minutes of full charging time to 126 minutes. The smart phone with low‐resistance battery pack was able to manage the maximum heating temperature below 43.1°C when charging with a 25 W charger. In addition, 0.2 C discharging capacity was 99.3% (4369.5 mAh) compared to the initial capacity after 400 cycles. After 400 cycles, the direct current internal resistance of the battery pack increased, but no Li precipitation was observed on the electrode. This could be applied to a smart phone employing Samsung Electronics' first 1.3 C fast charging for Galaxy S10 5G in the world's first 5G mobile telecommunication.
Dye‐sensitized solar cells based on nickel‐doped tungsten diselenide counter electrodes
Authors: Nair Salil , Joy Jolly , Patel Kireet D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are gaining considerable interest as substitutes to solar cells based on semiconductor thin‐films owing to their cost‐effective and effortless fabrication methods. Efforts are being made to replace counter electrodes (CE) in DSSCs, which are conventionally based on noble metal platinum (Pt). Among the new materials as CE, two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide is one of the most explored to develop Pt‐free DSSCs. We report here the preparation of TiO2‐based DSSCs using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extracts as sensitizers with carbon‐, pristine‐, and Ni (4%)‐doped WSe2 as the CEs. The Ni (4%) WSe2 CE exhibited a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.66% under the illumination of 100 mW cm−2. The electrical characteristics, including I‐V, C‐V, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, corroborate the better efficiency of Ni (4%) WSe2 CE. The cost‐effectiveness and efficiencies obtained for Pure and Ni (4%) WSe2 make them a worthy candidate as CE for DSSCs.
Time‐dependent flows in grooved non‐isothermal channels
Authors: Panday Shoyon , Floryan Jerzy Maciej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA highly accurate and fully implicit algorithm for analyses of transient effects in heated grooved channels, including chaotic responses and transition to secondary states, has been developed. The algorithm can handle pattern interaction problems arising from combinations of geometric and heating patterns which are expected to be beneficial in the development of energy efficient stirring systems. The algorithm uses spectral spatial discretization and up to sixth‐order temporal discretization, providing the means to deliver machine accuracy. The spatial discretization relies on a combination of Chebyshev and Fourier expansions, guaranteeing very good resolution in the vicinity of the grooved walls. The enforcement of boundary conditions along the irregular boundaries is carried out using the immersed boundary conditions. The overall discretization leads to a gridless algorithm and provides the geometric flexibility required for efficient analyses of multitude of topography patterns. Extensive testing demonstrates that the algorithm achieves the theoretically predicted accuracy.
Evaluation of organochlorine pesticide residues in Betavulgaris, Brassicaoleracea, and Solanumtuberosum in Bloemfontein markets, South Africa
Authors: Motshabi Nthabiseng , Ncube Somandla , Nindi Mathew Muzi , Khetsha Zenzile Peter , Malebo Ntsoaki Joyce 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the level of selected pesticide residues in the staple vegetables; Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Swiss chard), and Solanum tuberosum (potato) from fresh produce markets in the city of Bloemfontein, South Africa. A QuEChERS extraction method was used followed by quantitation using GC‐HRT/MS. The pesticide residues were detected in levels lower than the recommended Maximum Residue Levels ranging from not detected to 121.6 ng/kg recorded for heptachlor in cabbage samples. Cabbage was generally susceptible to pesticide residue accumulation with the average total concentration for different markets at 222 mg/kg. The pesticide residues were predicted to be from recent applications but their existence within guideline limits indicated that their use in vegetable farming was within the FAO/WHO recommended good agricultural practices. While the current situation points that consumption of the vegetables in the province poses limited health concerns due to organochlorine pesticides, the unmonitored use of products containing these compounds may result in elevated levels. Continued monitoring and a call for the South African legislature to revise its regulations of the Fertilizers Act to reflect the current international laws on pesticides management is recommended.
Uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: First report of a ROS1 fusion
Authors: Bennett Jennifer A. , Wang Peng , Wanjari Pankhuri , Diaz Lidia , Oliva Esther 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the uterus is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that frequently harbors ALK rearrangements. In this report, we describe the first uterine IMT with a FN1‐ROS1 fusion, which occurred in a 43‐year‐old woman who presented with menorrhagia. Morphologically, the well‐circumscribed 3 cm tumor was comprised of compact and myxoid foci of relatively bland spindle cells admixed with scattered chronic inflammatory cells limited to the myxoid areas. ROS1 showed moderate cytoplasmic granular staining in < 30% of cells in the myxoid foci, while ALK was negative. RNA sequencing detected a FN1‐ROS1 rearrangement that fused FN1 exon 37 to ROS1 exon 34. Although non‐ALK‐rearranged uterine IMTs are exceedingly rare, this example highlights the importance of performing ROS1 immunohistochemistry and/or molecular analysis in ALK‐negative uterine neoplasms morphologically compatible with IMT.
Genesis of the Neoarchean subduction‐related Taoke Ni–Cu‐(PGE) sulphide deposit in the North China Craton: Constraints from Os–S isotopes and PGE geochemistry
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Ping , Sun Tao , Zhao Zhi‐Fang , Zhou Jia‐Xi , Li Wan‐Ting , Qi Qun‐Jia , Wei Xi‐Zhu 
Published: July 2021

Archean magmatic Ni‐Cu‐[platinum‐group element (PGE)] deposits are very important and mainly associated with komatiitic rocks in intracratonic rift zones throughout the world. However, the Taoke Ni‐Cu‐(PGE) deposit in the North China Craton, which is the oldest (Neoarchean, 2,537 Ma) magmatic sulphide deposit in China, and is genetically related to the subduction zone. The intrusion is predominantly composed of a small ultramafic body (olivine websterite) and a much larger gabbroic body (gabbronorite). Sulphide mineralization is mainly associated with the ultramafic body with average grades of 0.66 wt% Ni, 0.62 wt% Cu and ~1 g/t PGE. Sulphides of the Taoke deposit are characterized by a chalcopyrite + pentlandite + pyrrhotite + millerite assemblage, which hosts variable amounts of platinum‐group minerals. Good correlations are found for Pd versus individual Ir subgroup of platinum‐group elements (IPGEs; i.e., Pd vs. Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh) and for Ir and Pd subgroup of platinum‐group elements (PPGEs; i.e., Ir vs. Pt and Pd), indicating that the PGE contents of immiscible sulphide liquids in the Taoke deposit are mainly controlled by the initial PGE concentrations in the parental magma and R factor (magma/sulphide mass ratio). Based on our calculations, the initial contents of Ir and Pd in the parental magma are estimated to be 0.13 and 5.6 ppb, respectively, suggesting that the parental magma of the Taoke deposit is PGE undepleted. The multiple sulphur isotopes can provide direct indications of the source of sulphur for the Archean intrusion. The γOs(t) values and Archean crustal sulphur (three samples have anomalous Δ33S values <−0.1‰) suggest that the addition of crustal sulphur occurred in the magma. Fractional crystallization and the addition of crustal sulphur are the most likely key factors for sulphide saturation in the Taoke mafic magma.