bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cigar Use Progression Among New Cigar Initiators: A Two-Part Growth Curve Analysis Among a Youth and Young Adult Cohort
Authors: Cantrell Jennifer , Xu Shu , Kreslake Jennifer , Liu Michael , Hair Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionYouth and young adults (YYAs) are at high risk of cigar use. This study’s objective was to examine progression and sociodemographic differences in current cigar use and frequency among new cigar initiators.Aims and MethodsWe conducted a two-part latent growth model among a nationally representative cohort of cigar initiators (aged 15–25) to examine 24-month trajectories of current cigar use and frequency (n = 1483). The cohort was recruited via address-based sampling with online data collection from 2014 to 2019 and surveyed approximately every 6 months.ResultsThe unconditional odds of current cigar use (ie, past 30-day use) within 6 months of initiation was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.63, 0.82), corresponding to a probability of 42%. The odds of current use among recent cigar initiates declined 6 months after initiation and was followed by a stabilization in use over time. Among continued users, frequency (# days used in past 30 days) increased linearly over time but remained low (3.47 days/months at 24 months). Younger individuals, non-Hispanic African Americans, those with lower subjective financial status, and current users of cigarettes, other tobacco products and/or marijuana were at highest risk within 6 months of initiation. Males, younger users, and current cigarette smokers had the highest risk for cigar progression over time.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine longitudinal cigar use patterns among YYA cigar initiators. Findings emphasize the need for research across the cigar use spectrum and the importance of interventions targeted by age, stage of use, cigarette, other tobacco, and marijuana use and key sociodemographics to interrupt use pathways.ImplicationsThis study is the first to examine progression of cigar use among YYAs who have newly initiated cigars. Results show a high probability of current cigar use within 6 months of initiation followed by a rapid decline and stabilization over time. Frequency increases among those who continue using cigars. Males, younger users, and current cigarette smokers had the highest risk for cigar progression over time. Findings emphasize the need for targeting interventions by age, stage of use, cigarette, other tobacco, and marijuana use and key sociodemographics to interrupt use pathways.
Short-chain fatty acids as anti-inflammatory agents in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eslick Shaun , Thompson Cherry , Berthon Bronwyn , Wood Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextShort-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from microbial fermentation of prebiotic soluble fibers are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits against obese systemic inflammation.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the effect of SCFAs and prebiotic interventions on systemic inflammation in obesity.Data SourcesRelevant studies from 1947 to August 2019 were collected from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.Study SelectionOf 61 included studies, 29 were of humans and 32 of animals.Data ExtractionMethodological quality of studies was assessed using the critical appraisal checklist of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Data pertaining to population, intervention type and duration, and markers of systemic inflammation were extracted from included studies.ResultsOf 29 included human studies, 3 of 4 SCFA interventions and 11 of 25 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant decrease in ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Of 32 included animal studies, 10 of 11 SCFA interventions and 18 of 21 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant reduction of ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Meta-analysis revealed that prebiotics in humans reduced levels of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (standard mean difference [SMD], −0.83; 95%CI: −1.56 to −0.11; I2: 86%; P = 0.02) and plasma lipopolysaccharide (SMD, −1.20; 95%CI: −1.89 to −0.51; I2: 87%; P = 0.0006), and reduced TNF−α levels in animals (SMD, −0.63; 95%CI: −1.19 to −0.07; P = 0.03). Heterogeneity among supplement types, duration, and dose across studies was significant.ConclusionEvidence from this review and meta-analysis supports the use of SCFAs and prebiotics as novel aids in treatment of obese systemic inflammation.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42020148529.
Advances in Synthetic Fluorescent Probe Labeling for Live-Cell Imaging in Plants
Authors: Yagi Noriyoshi , Yoshinari Akira , Iwatate Ryu J , Isoda Reika , Frommer Wolf B , Nakamura Masayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing cellular and subcellular structures, their dynamics and cellular molecules in living cells and enable us to monitor cellular processes in a spatiotemporal manner within complex and crowded systems. In addition to popular fluorescent proteins, a wide variety of small-molecule dyes have been synthesized through close association with the interdisciplinary field of chemistry and biology, ranging from those suitable for labeling cellular compartments such as organelles to those for labeling intracellular biochemical and biophysical processes and signaling. In recent years, self-labeling technologies including the SNAP-tag system have allowed us to attach these dyes to cellular domains or specific proteins and are beginning to be employed in plant studies. In this mini review, we will discuss the current range of synthetic fluorescent probes that have been exploited for live-cell imaging and the recent advances in the application that enable genetical tagging of synthetic probes in plant research.
Health versus Wealth during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lesschaeve Christophe , Glaurdić Josip , Mochtak Michal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfforts to combat the COVID-19 crisis were characterized by a difficult trade-off: the stringency of the lockdowns decreased the spread of the virus, but amplified the damage to the economy. In this study, we analyze public attitude toward this trade-off using a survey-embedded experiment conducted with a quota sample of more than 7,000 respondents from Southeast Europe, collected in April and May 2020. The results show that public opinion generally favored saving lives even at a steep economic cost. However, the willingness to trade lives for the economy was greater when the heterogeneous health and economic consequences of lockdown policies for the young and the elderly were emphasized. Free-market views also make people more accepting of higher casualties, as do fears that the instituted measures will lead to a permanent expansion of government control over society.
Roman Transport Network Connectivity and Economic Integration
Authors: Flückiger Matthias , Hornung Erik , Larch Mario , Ludwig Markus , Mees Allard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show that the creation of the first integrated multi-modal pan-European transport network during Roman times influences economic integration over two millennia. Drawing on spatially highly disaggregated data on excavated Roman ceramics, we document that contemporary interregional trade was influenced by connectivity within the network. Today, these connectivity differentials continue to influence integration as approximated by cross-regional firm investment behaviour. Continuity is partly explained by selective infrastructure routing and cultural integration due to bilateral convergence in preferences and values. We show that our results are Roman-connectivity specific and do not reflect pre-existing patterns of exchange using pre-Roman trade data.
Two-year reduction of dual-energy CT urate depositions during a treat-to-target strategy in gout in the NOR-Gout longitudinal study
Authors: Uhlig Till , Eskild Tron , Karoliussen Lars F , Sexton Joe , Kvien Tore K , Haavardsholm Espen A , Dalbeth Nicola , Hammer Hilde Berner 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is a lack of large longitudinal studies of urate deposition measured by dual-energy CT (DECT) during urate lowering therapy (ULT) in people with gout. We explored longitudinal changes in DECT urate depositions during a treat-to-target strategy with ULT in gout.

Methods
Patients with a recent gout flare and serum-urate (sUA) &gt;360 µmol/l attended tight-control visits during escalating ULT. The treatment target was sUA &lt;360 µmol/l, and &lt;300 µmol/l if presence of tophi. A DECT scanner (General Electric Discovery CT750 HD) acquired data from bilateral forefeet and ankles at baseline and after one and two years. Images were scored in known order, using the semi-quantitative Bayat method, by one experienced radiologist who was blinded to serum urate and clinical data. Four regions were scored: the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint, the other joints of the toes, the ankles and midfeet, and all tendons in the feet and ankles.

Results
DECT was measured at baseline in 187 of 211 patients. The mean (s.d.) serum urate level (μmol/l) decreased from 501 (80) at baseline to 311 (48) at 12 months, and 322 (67) at 24 months. DECT scores at all locations decreased during both the first and the second year (P &lt;0.001 for all comparisons vs baseline), both for patients achieving and not achieving the sUA treatment target.

Conclusions
In patients with gout, urate depositions in ankles and feet as measured by DECT decreased both in the first and the second year, when patients were treated using a treat-to-target ULT strategy.
Long-term weight changes and risk of rheumatoid arthritis among women in a prospective cohort: a marginal structural model approach
Authors: Marchand Nathalie E , Sparks Jeffrey A , Malspeis Susan , Yoshida Kazuki , Prisco Lauren , Zhang Xuehong , Costenbader Karen , Hu Frank , Karlson Elizabeth W , Lu Bing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association of long-term weight change with RA risk in a large prospective cohort study.

Methods
The Nurses’ Health Study II started in 1989 (baseline); after exclusions, we studied 108 505 women 25–42 years old without RA. Incident RA was reported by participants and confirmed by medical record review. Body weight was reported biennially through 2015. We investigated two time-varying exposures: weight changes from baseline and from age 18; change was divided into five categories. We used a marginal structural model approach to account for time-varying weight change and covariates.

Results
Over 2 583 266 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 25.3 years, 541 women developed RA. Compared with women with stable weight from baseline, weight change was significantly associated with increased RA risk [weight gain 2–&lt;10 kg: RR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.38, 2.85); 10–&lt;20 kg: RR = 3.28 (95% CI 2.20, 4.89); ≥20 kg: RR = 3.81 (95% CI 2.39, 6.07); and weight loss &gt;2 kg: RR = 2.05 (95% CI 1.28, 3.28)]. Weight gain of 10 kg or more from age 18 compared with stable weight was also associated with increased RA risk [10–&lt; 20 kg: RR = 2.12 (95% CI 1.37, 3.27), ≥20 kg: RR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.50, 3.56)]. Consistent findings were observed for seropositive and seronegative RA.

Conclusion
Long-term weight gain was strongly associated with increased RA risk in women, with weight gain of ≥20 kg associated with more than a three-fold increased RA risk. Maintenance of healthy weight may be a strategy to prevent or delay RA.
Transforming Surgical Education through a Resident Robotic Curriculum
Authors: Green Courtney A. , Chern Hueylan , Rogers Stanley J. , Reilly Linda M. , O’Sullivan Patricia 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Here, we describe a systematic approach to design, implement, and assess a robotic surgery curriculum for surgical residents. By describing our process, including identifying and addressing institutional challenges, we illustrate successful development of a robust curriculum.

Summary Background Data:
As robotic-assisted surgeries increase, educational challenges have emerged and illustrate an alarming impact on medical training. Robotic curricula are frequently grounded in the industry’s educational materials resulting in a variety of existing resident curricula that lack cognitive components and critical evaluation. As such, surgical educators struggle to identify the curricular restructuring needs that likely accompany emerging technologies. It is essential to develop a curricular framework for the surgical education community to approach the ongoing and inevitable integration of new technologies.

Methods:
Our process parallels the widely accepted approach to curricular development in medical education described by Kern et al. Using this 6-step model, we describe derivation of a curriculum that was data driven, features multimodal educational strategies, and provides documentation methods that allow for continued evaluation and assessment at the individual and departmental level.

Results:
This study highlights the systematic process of design, implementation and assessment of a robotic surgery curriculum for surgical residents. Built on a robust national and local needs assessment, and further strengthened by preemptive identification of institutional challenges, this curricular model includes a structured documentation system that allows for ongoing evaluation, assessment, and monitoring of curricular progress.

Conclusions:
We illustrate a robustly built curricular structure that can be adopted, adapted, and successfully implemented at other training institutions around the world.
Repair of Humeral Shaft Nonunion With Plate and Screw Fixation and Iliac Crest Bone Graft
Authors: Stevens Nicole M. , Schultz Blake J. , Lowe Dylan T. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
A 58-year-old woman with a proximal 1/3 humeral shaft nonunion presented 2 years after initial injury. We present a technique for nonunion repair, including nonunion site preparation, direct compression of the fracture site using plate osteosynthesis, and iliac crest bone graft harvest and utilization. The purpose of this video is to review humeral shaft nonunion literature and describe our management technique.
Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction for Medial Clavicle Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Stevens Nicole M. , Pflug Emily , Lowe Dylan T. , Leucht Philipp 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Operative management of sternoclavicular fracture-dislocations is recommended in the setting of symptomatic nonunion. Treatment options include open reduction internal fixation, fragment excision, and ligamentous reconstruction. We present a 29-year-old man with a medial clavicle fracture nonunion that previously failed open reduction internal fixation and was treated with sternoclavicular joint reconstruction using tendon allograft.
Elbow Arthrodesis Surgical Technique
Authors: Couso Megan , Sherman Nathan , Lowe Jason 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Elbow arthrodesis is an uncommon salvage procedure indicated for failed total elbow arthroplasty, segmental bone loss near the elbow, and severe postinfectious or posttraumatic arthritis. This video demonstrates the surgical technique for elbow arthrodesis in a patient with segmental bony defect of the ulna and postinfectious and posttraumatic elbow arthritis after a severe left arm degloving injury with Monteggia fracture dislocation and radial head fracture.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Patella Fracture With Contoured Dorsal Plating
Authors: Brusalis Christopher M. , Gruskay Jordan A. , Bornes Troy D. , Langhans Mark T. , Ricci William M. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
In this article, we present a novel patella fixation technique using a low-profile highly contoured dorsal mini-fragment locking plate. This procedure is ideally indicated in patients with fracture patterns that are transverse without significant comminution. Long-term clinical studies are being performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this surgical technique.
Single-Stage Treatment of Fracture-related Infections
Authors: Rice Olivia M. , Phelps Kevin D. , Seymour Rachel , Askam Brad M. , Kempton Laurence B. , Chen Andrew , Dart Scott , Hsu Joseph R. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Fracture-related infections (FRIs) remain a significant problem. Many approach FRI cases in a staged fashion, focusing on infection eradication initially and fracture union during subsequent procedures. The literature quotes high success rates with this strategy. However, associated patient morbidity and economic impact are noteworthy. A single-stage FRI treatment, using an antibiotic-coated locked intramedullary nail, also exists. This video details low-cost, antibiotic-coated locked intramedullary nail fabrication in the operating room alongside preliminary results using this technique for acute FRI and septic nonunion treatment.
Acute Repair of Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Medial Collateral Ligament, and Posterior Lateral Corner After Knee Dislocation
Authors: Gajari Vamshi , Pritchett Charles , Obremskey William T. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
This video depicts the materials and steps for the repair of a Schenck classification knee dislocation IV multiligamentous injury and peroneal nerve palsy. The patient had bilateral injuries after a car pinned him to a garage in his cabinet. The video demonstrates primary repair of the avulsions of the right knee with acute repair of anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and posterior lateral corner in the patient.
Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Tatman Lauren M. , Gajari Vamshi , Obremskey William T. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
The video depicts the materials and steps for applying negative pressure wound therapy. The clinical case involves a patient who had sustained a thigh Morel-Lavallee lesion that developed overlying skin necrosis and drainage that was treated with surgical debridement and the application of negative pressure wound therapy.
Prolonged, High-Fidelity Simulation for Study of Patient Care in Resource-Limited Medical Contexts and for Technology Comparative Effectiveness Testing
Authors: Pamplin Jeremy C. , Veazey Sena R. , De Howitt Joanne , Cohen Katy , Barczak Stacie , Espinoza Mark , Luellen Dave , Ross Kevin , Serio-Melvin Maria , McCarthy Mary , Colombo Christopher J. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Most high-fidelity medical simulation is of limited duration, used for education and training, and rarely intended to study medical technology. U.S. caregivers working in prehospital, resource-limited settings may need to manage patients for extended periods (hours to days). This “prolonged casualty care” occurs during military, wilderness, humanitarian, disaster, and space medicine. We sought to develop a standardized simulation model that accurately reflects prolonged casualty care in order to study caregiver decision-making and performance, training requirements, and technology use in prolonged casualty care.

DESIGN:
Model development.

SETTING:
High-fidelity simulation laboratory.

SUBJECTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
We interviewed subject matter experts to identify relevant prolonged casualty care medical challenges and selected two casualty types to further develop our model: a large thermal burn model and a severe hypoxia model. We met with a multidisciplinary group of experts in prolonged casualty care, nursing, and critical care to describe how these problems could evolve over time and how to contextualize the problems with a background story and clinical environment with expected resource availability. Following initial scenario drafting, we tested the models with expert clinicians. After multiple tests, we selected the hypoxia model for refinement and testing with inexperienced providers. We tested and refined this model until two research teams could proctor the scenario consistently despite subject performance variability.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We developed a 6–8-hour simulation model that represented a 14-hour scenario. This model of pneumonia evolved from presentation to severe hypoxia necessitating advanced interventions including airway, breathing, and shock management. The model included: context description, caregiver orientation scripts, hourly progressive physiology tracks corresponding to caregiver interventions, intervention/procedure-specific physiology tracks, intervention checklists, equipment lists, prestudy checklists, photographs of setups, procedure, telementor, and role player scripts, business rules, and data collection methods.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first standardized, high-fidelity simulation model of prolonged casualty care described in the literature. It may be used to assess caregiver performance and patient outcomes resulting from that performance during a complex, 14-hour prolonged casualty care scenario. Because it is standardized, the model may be used to compare differences in the impact of new technologies upon caregiver performance and simulated patient outcomes..
Circ_UBR4 Knockdown Alleviates Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Provoked Growth and Migration of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Acting on the miR-637/FOXO4 Pathway
Authors: Ding Ying , Tang Tianfeng , Lu Jun , Wang Jingyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
Excessive proliferation and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are important pathological features of atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that circular RNAs deregulation is involved in this pathological process. The objective of this study was to explore the role of circular RNA ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 4 (circ_UBR4) in ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. The expression of circ_UBR4, microRNA-637 (miR-637), and forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell cycle progression was examined by flow cytometry assay. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell migration was examined by transwell assay. The protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and FOXO4 were measured by western blot. The relationship between miR-637 and circ_UBR4 or FOXO4 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results presented that the expression of circ_UBR4 was increased in atherosclerosis serum samples and ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. Cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and cell migration were promoted by ox-LDL, whereas circ_UBR4 knockdown inhibited HVSMCs proliferation and migration. MiR-637 was a target of circ_UBR4, and FOXO4 was a target of miR-637. Circ_UBR4 positively regulated FOXO4 expression by targeting miR-637. Circ_UBR4 knockdown-inhibited HVSMCs proliferation and migration were recovered by miR-637 inhibition, and miR-637 restoration-inhibited HVSMCs proliferation and migration were recovered by FOXO4 overexpression. In conclusion, circ_UBR4 knockdown inhibited ox-LDL-induced excessive proliferation and migration of HVSMCs by regulating FOXO4 via targeting miR-637.