bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Flatness Index of Inferior Vena Cava can be an Accurate Predictor for Hypovolemia in Multi-Trauma Patients
Authors: Yazlamaz Nazlı Ozcan , Ozakin Engin , Bastug Betül T. , Karakilic Evvah , Kaya Filiz Baloglu , Acar Nurdan , Koruk Rusengul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Shock is the leading cause of death in multi-trauma patients and must be detected at an early stage to improve prognosis. Many parameters are used to predict clinical condition and outcome in trauma. Computed tomography (CT) signs of hypovolemic shock in trauma patients are not clear yet, requiring further research. The flatness index of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a helpful method for this purpose.

Methods:
This is a prospective, cross-sectional study which included adult multi-trauma patients (>18 years) who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) and underwent a thoraco-abdominal CT from 2017 through 2018. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the flatness index of IVC can be used to determine the hypovolemic shock at an early stage in multi-trauma patients, and to establish its relations with shock parameters. The patients’ demographic features, trauma mechanisms, vitals, laboratory values, shock parameters, and clinical outcome within 24 hours of admission were recorded.

Results:
Total of 327 (229 males with an average age of 40.9 [SD = 7.93]) patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the flatness index of IVC within genders (P = .134) and trauma mechanisms (P = .701); however, the flatness index of IVC was significantly higher in hypotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≤90 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≤60 mmHg; P = .015 and P = .019), tachycardic (P = .049), and hypoxic (SpO2 ≤%94; P <.001) patients. The flatness index of IVC was also higher in patients with lactate ≥ 2mmol/l (P = .043) and patients with Class III hemorrhage (P = .003). A positive correlation was determined between lactate level and the flatness index of IVC; a negative correlation was found between Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) with the flatness index of IVC (for each of them, P <.05).

Conclusion:
The flatness index of IVC may be a useful method to determine the hypovolemic shock at an early stage in multi-trauma patients.
Lexical category differences in bilingual picture naming: Implications for models of lexical representation
Authors: Faroqi-Shah Yasmeen , Kevas Yanni , Li Ran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBilingual speakers are less accurate and slower than monolinguals in word production. This bilingual cost has been demonstrated primarily for nouns. This study compared verb and noun retrieval to better understand bilingual lexical representation and test alternate hypotheses about bilingual cost. Picture naming speeds from highly proficient English–Spanish bilinguals showed a smaller bilingual cost for verbs compared to nouns. In Experiment 1, picture naming speeds were influenced by name agreement, age-of-acquisition and word length. Additionally, noun (but not verb) naming speed was predicted by word frequency. Experiment 2 examined two potential explanations for the smaller bilingual cost for verbs: verbs experience weaker cross-language interference (measured by translation speed) and smaller frequency effects. Both these predictions were confirmed, showing crucial differences between verbs and nouns and suggesting that cross-language facilitation rather than interference influences bilingual lexical retrieval, and that the frequency lag account of bilingual cost is more applicable to nouns than to verbs. We propose a Bilingual Integrated Grammatical Category model for highly proficient bilinguals to represent lexical category differences.
Preferences of quality delivery of palliative care among cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries: A review
Authors: Yemoh Vicky , Olayemi Lawal Olatunde , Abraham Jyothi Alex 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAll forms of cancer pose a tremendous and increasing problem globally. The prevalence of cancer across the globe is anticipated to double over the next two decades. About 50% of most cancer cases are expected to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is a greater disproportionate level in mortality. Access to effective and timely care for cancer patients remains a challenge, especially in LMICs due to late disease diagnosis and detection, coupled with the limited availability of appropriate therapeutic options and delay in proper interventions.MethodologyThis study explored several mixed-method researches and randomized trials that addressed the preferences of quality delivery of palliative care among cancer patients in LMICs. A designated set of keywords such as Palliative Care; Preferences; Cancer patients; Psycho-social Support; End-of-life Care; Low and Middle-Income Countries were inserted on electronic databases to retrieve articles. The databases include PubMed, Scinapse, Medline, The Google Scholar, Academic search premier, SAGE, and EBSCO host.ResultsFindings from this review discussed the socioeconomic and behavioral factors, which address the quality delivery of palliative care among cancer patients. These factors if measured with acceptance level in cancer patients could help to address areas that need improvement from the stage of disease diagnosis to the end-of-life.Significance of the resultsValuable collaborations among international and local health institutions are needed to build and implement a systematic framework for palliative care in LMICs. Policies and programs that are country and culturally specific, encompassing both theoretical and practical models of care in the milieu of existing quandaries should be developed.
Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind and Magnetosheath Near Mercury
Authors: Karlsson T. , Heyner D. , Volwerk M. , Morooka M. , Plaschke F. , Goetz C. , Hadid L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a comprehensive statistical study of magnetic holes, defined as localized decreases of the magnetic field strength of at least 50%, in the solar wind near Mercury, using MESSENGER orbital data. We investigate the distributions of several properties of the magnetic holes, such as scale size, depth, and associated magnetic field rotation. We show that the distributions are very similar for linear magnetic holes (with a magnetic field rotation across the magnetic holes of less than 25°) and rotational holes (rotations >25°), except for magnetic holes with very large rotations (≳140°). Solar wind magnetic hole scale sizes follow a log‐normal distribution, which we discuss in terms of multiplicative growth. We also investigate the background magnetic field strength of the solar wind surrounding the magnetic holes, and conclude that it is lower than the average solar wind magnetic field strength. This is consistent with finding solar wind magnetic holes in high‐βregions, as expected if magnetic holes have a connection to magnetic mirror mode structures. We also present, for the first time, comprehensive statistics of isolated magnetic holes in a planetary magnetosheath. The properties of the magnetosheath magnetic holes are very similar to the solar wind counterparts, and we argue that the most likely interpretation is that the magnetosheath magnetic holes have a solar wind origin, rather than being generated locally in the magnetosheath.
The Role of the Gulf of Mexico Ocean Conditions in the Intensification of Hurricane Michael (2018)
Authors: Le Hénaff Matthieu , Domingues Ricardo , Halliwell George , Zhang Jun A. , Kim Hyun‐Sook , Aristizabal Maria , Miles Travis , Glenn Scott , Goni Gustavo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHurricane Michael formed on October 7, 2018, in the Northwestern Caribbean Sea, and quickly traveled northward through the Gulf of Mexico, making landfall on the Florida panhandle as a devastating Category 5 hurricane only 3 days later. Before landfall, Michael underwent rapid intensification, despite unfavorable atmospheric conditions. Using observations, we characterized the key ocean features encountered by Michael along its track, which are known for favoring hurricane intensification: high sea surface temperatures, upper ocean heat content and low salinity barrier layer conditions. Ocean observations were consistent with suppressed hurricane‐induced upper ocean cooling, which could only be observed by underwater gliders, and showed that Hurricane Michael constantly experienced sea surface temperatures above 28°C. We carried out ocean Observing System Experiments, which demonstrate that the combined assimilation of in situ and satellite ocean observations into a numerical ocean model led to the most realistic representation of the ocean conditions. They also suggest that, when using the Cooper‐Haines (1996) method to assimilate altimetry observations, assimilating temperature observations is necessary to constrain the model upper ocean vertical structure. We also performed coupled hurricane‐ocean simulations to assess the impact of ocean initial conditions on forecasting Michael. These simulations demonstrate that the ocean conditions, in particular the high sea surface temperatures north of 24°N, played a crucial role in the intensification of Michael. Coupled simulations initialized with the most realistic ocean conditions, constrained by field and satellite observations, show a ∼56% error reduction in wind intensity prior to landfall compared to simulations initialized without data assimilation.
Generating Ensemble Streamflow Forecasts: A Review of Methods and Approaches Over the Past 40 Years
Authors: Troin Magali , Arsenault Richard , Wood Andrew W. , Brissette François , Martel Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnsemble forecasting applied to the field of hydrology is currently an established area of research embracing a broad spectrum of operational situations. This work catalogs the various pathways of ensemble streamflow forecasting based on an exhaustive review of more than 700 studies over the last 40 years. We focus on the advanced state of the art in the model‐based (dynamical) ensemble forecasting approaches. Ensemble streamflow prediction systems are categorized into three leading classes: statistics‐based streamflow prediction systems, climatology‐based ensemble streamflow prediction systems and numerical weather prediction‐based hydrological ensemble prediction systems. For each ensemble approach, technical information, as well as details about its strengths and weaknesses, are provided based on a critical review of the studies listed. Through this literature review, the performance and uncertainty associated with the ensemble forecasting systems are underlined from both operational and scientific viewpoints. Finally, the remaining key challenges and prospective future research directions are presented, notably through hybrid dynamical ‐ statistical learning approaches, which obviously present new challenges to be overcome in order to allow the successful employment of ensemble streamflow forecasting systems in the next decades. Targeting students, researchers and practitioners, this review provides a detailed perspective on the major features of an increasingly important area of hydrological forecasting.
A Simple Model to Predict Hydraulic Conductivity in Medium to Dry Soil From the Water Retention Curve
Authors: Peters Andre , Hohenbrink Tobias L. , Iden Sascha C. , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mathematical representation of the soil hydraulic properties is of central importance for modeling water, solute and energy transport in soils. The established models of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves account for capillary water retention and conductivity, but neglect water adsorption and water flow in films and pore corners. They are therefore suited for modeling flow and transport processes in the medium to wet moisture range, but are susceptible to failure in dry soil. The model system developed by Peters (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20548; 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016107) and Iden and Durner (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015937) (PDI in the following) is a simple parametric framework that overcomes these structural shortcomings. However, it requires one additional parameter to scale the hydraulic conductivity curve in the moisture range where non‐capillary flow dominates. Measured conductivity data are required to determine this scaling parameter and to compute the hydraulic conductivity over the complete moisture range. In this contribution, we first show that the original PDI model is in close agreement with a comprehensive model for film conductivity in porous media. We then derive a physically‐based approach to predict the film conductivity from the water retention curve. This improved PDI model has the same number of parameters as established models and provides a complete prediction of the hydraulic conductivity curve including non‐capillary flow if water retention data and the saturated conductivity are known. Application to literature data covering a broad range of textures shows an improvement of the conductivity prediction by the factor five if compared to the van Genuchten/Mualem model.
Supershear Rupture, Daughter Cracks, and the Definition of Rupture Velocity
Authors: Hu Feng , Oglesby David D. , Wu Baoning , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRupture velocity is a fundamental feature of earthquake behavior. How rupture velocity is defined can therefore affect our understanding of earthquake physics. Based on dynamic rupture simulations, we compare the tangent and average rupture velocities calculated via one‐ and two‐dimensional gradients. Two strike‐slip scenarios with free‐surface‐induced supershear ruptures are presented within a homogeneous and a depth‐dependent stress regime, respectively. Although both scenarios produce a daughter crack that propagate over the seismogenic depth, in the depth‐dependent case the 1D and 2D rupture velocities capture different features: A 1D horizontal gradient measurement implies a supershear rupture, while a 2D gradient measurement reveals sub‐Rayleigh rupture propagation everywhere except very close to the free surface. A large area on the fault with the 1D horizontal tangent rupture velocity does not necessarily produce an observable Mach front, which arises the importance of rupture velocity definitions in supershear analysis.
Whistler on a Shelf
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study presents results from a numerical study of the guiding of VLF whistler‐mode waves along the ambient magnetic field by the shelf‐like density structures observed by the NASA Van Allen Probes satellites in the equatorial plasmasphere. The shelf‐duct consists of a homogeneous central part “sandwiched” between two density gradients pointing in the same direction. To the best of our knowledge, this type of whistler ducting has never been identified in observations before. Our investigation is based on simulations of the electron‐MHD model, and our goal is to explain the mechanism of providing wave trapping and to reproduce the structure of the observed waves. The main result from this study is that the shelf‐like, field‐aligned density irregularities can indeed guide whistler‐mode waves along the ambient magnetic field with little attenuation, and the parameters of the guided waves are defined by the parameters of the duct. The simulations reproduce the structure of the observed waves reasonably well.
The evolution and future of influenza pandemic preparedness
Authors: Harrington Walter N. , Kackos Christina M. , Webby Richard J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influenza virus is a global threat to human health causing unpredictable yet recurring pandemics, the last four emerging over the course of a hundred years. As our knowledge of influenza virus evolution, distribution, and transmission has increased, paths to pandemic preparedness have become apparent. In the 1950s, the World Health Organization (WHO) established a global influenza surveillance network that is now composed of institutions in 122 member states. This and other surveillance networks monitor circulating influenza strains in humans and animal reservoirs and are primed to detect influenza strains with pandemic potential. Both the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the WHO have also developed pandemic risk assessment tools that evaluate specific aspects of emerging influenza strains to develop a systematic process of determining research and funding priorities according to the risk of emergence and potential impact. Here, we review the history of influenza pandemic preparedness and the current state of preparedness, and we propose additional measures for improvement. We also comment on the intersection between the influenza pandemic preparedness network and the current SARS-CoV-2 crisis. We must continually evaluate and revise our risk assessment and pandemic preparedness plans and incorporate new information gathered from research and global crises.
Respiratory morbidity in preterm infants predicted by natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1)
Authors: Gerull Roland , Neumann Roland P. , Atkinson Andrew , Bernasconi Luca , Schulzke Sven M. , Wellmann Sven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication in preterm infants <32 weeks. We aimed to assess whether plasma levels of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) predict respiratory morbidity.

Methods
This was a prospective, two-center, observational cohort study. MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 were measured at day 7 (±2) of life. Associations with duration of supplemental oxygen and the composite outcome of moderate or severe BPD or death (BPD/death) were investigated.

Results
Two hundred and twenty-nine infants <32 weeks were included (median gestational age [GA] 29.6 weeks [interquartile range 29.0–30.7], median birth weight 1150 g [IQR 840–1410]). MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 were associated with the duration of supplemental oxygen in univariable analysis (both p < 0.001) but not after adjusting for co-factors. Infants with BPD/death showed higher plasma levels of MR-proANP (623.50 pmol/L [IQR 458.50–881.38] vs. 308.35 pmol/L [IQR 216.72–538.10]; p < 0.001) and CT-proET-1 (255.40 pmol/L [IQR 202.60–311.15] vs. 198.30 pmol/L [IQR 154.70–297.95]; p = 0.015) compared to infants without BPD/death. Levels of both biomarkers were significantly associated with BPD/death in univariable models but not after adjusting for co-factors.

Conclusions
MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 are associated with the duration of supplemental oxygen and the composite outcome BPD/death, but their prognostic value does not complement that of clinical risk factors.

Impact

Plasma levels of MR-proANP and CT-proET-1, measured on day 7 of life (±2 days) are associated in univariable analyses with duration of supplemental oxygen and the combined outcome of BPD or death in VLGA infants.

Associations between both biomarkers and respiratory morbidity do not persist in multivariable models, in particular when gestational age is included.

MR-proANP and CT-proET-1 have limited additional value to predict respiratory morbidity in VLGA infants compared to clinical parameters.
International transfers of personal data for health research following Schrems II: a problem in need of a solution
Authors: Hallinan Dara , Bernier Alexander , Cambon-Thomsen Anne , Crawley Francis P. , Dimitrova Diana , Medeiros Claudia Bauzer , Nilsonne Gustav , Parker Simon , Pickering Brian , Rennes Stéphanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn 16 July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued their decision in the Schrems II case concerning Facebook’s transfers of personal data from the EU to the US. The decision may have significant effects on the legitimate transfer of personal data for health research purposes from the EU. This article aims: (i) to outline the consequences of the Schrems II decision for the sharing of personal data for health research between the EU and third countries, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and, (ii) to consider certain options available to address the consequences of the decision and to facilitate international data exchange for health research moving forward.
Interplay of two transcription factors for recruitment of the chromatin remodeling complex modulates fungal nitrosative stress response
Authors: Jian Yunqing , Liu Zunyong , Wang Haixia , Chen Yun , Yin Yanni , Zhao Youfu , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule that modulates animal and plant immune responses. In addition, reactive nitrogen species derived from NO can display antimicrobial activities by reacting with microbial cellular components, leading to nitrosative stress (NS) in pathogens. Here, we identify FgAreB as a regulator of the NS response in Fusarium graminearum, a fungal pathogen of cereal crops. FgAreB serves as a pioneer transcription factor for recruitment of the chromatin-remodeling complex SWI/SNF at the promoters of genes involved in the NS response, thus promoting their transcription. FgAreB plays important roles in fungal infection and growth. Furthermore, we show that a transcription repressor (FgIxr1) competes with the SWI/SNF complex for FgAreB binding, and negatively regulates the NS response. NS, in turn, promotes the degradation of FgIxr1, thus enhancing the recruitment of the SWI/SNF complex by FgAreB.
Detection of selection signatures in farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using dense genome-wide information
Authors: López M. E. , Cádiz M. I. , Rondeau E. B. , Koop B. F. , Yáñez J. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnimal domestication and artificial selection give rise to gradual changes at the genomic level in populations. Subsequent footprints of selection, known as selection signatures or selective sweeps, have been traced in the genomes of many animal livestock species by exploiting variation in linkage disequilibrium patterns and/or reduction of genetic diversity. Domestication of most aquatic species is recent in comparison with land animals, and salmonids are one of the most important fish species in aquaculture. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cultivated primarily in Chile, has been subjected to breeding programs to improve growth, disease resistance traits, and flesh color. This study aimed to identify selection signatures that may be involved in adaptation to culture conditions and traits of productive interest. To do so, individuals of two domestic populations cultured in Chile were genotyped with 200 thousand SNPs, and analyses were conducted using iHS, XP-EHH and CLR. Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across both populations. Some of the identified regions under selection contained genes such anapc2, alad, chp2 and myn, which have been previously associated with body weight in Atlantic salmon, or sec24d and robo1, which have been associated with resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis in coho salmon. Findings in our study can contribute to an integrated genome-wide map of selection signatures, to help identify the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in coho salmon.