bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Bilateral Subcostal Plus Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block on Quality of Recovery After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Jung Jaewoong , Jung Woohyun , Ko Eun Young , Chung Yang-Hoon , Koo Bon-Sung , Chung Jun Chul , Kim Sang-Hyun 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:
Previous research has not evaluated the potential effect of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on quality of recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Therefore, we investigated whether addition of the bilateral subcostal and lateral TAP (bilateral dual TAP [BD-TAP]) blocks to multimodal analgesia would improve the quality of recovery as assessed with the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40).

METHODS:
Patients age 18 to 60 years who were scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to the BD-TAP or control group. The BD-TAP group received the BD-TAP block with multimodal analgesia under general anesthesia, using 0.25% ropivacaine, and the control group was treated with the same method, except that they received the sham block using 0.9% normal saline. Both groups had the same multimodal analgesia regimen, consisting of intravenous dexamethasone, propacetamol, ibuprofen, and oxycodone. The primary outcome was the QoR-40 score at 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed using the independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, and Fisher exact test.

RESULTS:
Thirty-eight patients in each group were recruited. The mean QoR-40 score decreased by 13.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3–18.8) in the BD-TAP group and 15.6 (95% CI, 6.7–24.5) in the control group. The postoperative QoR-40 score at 24 hours after surgery did not differ between the 2 groups (BD-TAP group, median [interquartile range], 170.5 [152–178]; control group, 161 [148–175]; median difference, 3 [95% CI, −5 to 13]; P = .427). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the pain dimension of the QoR-40: 30.5 (95% CI, 27–33) in the BD-TAP group and 31 (95% CI, 26–32) in the control group; median difference was 0 (95% CI, −2 to 2); P = .77.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that the BD-TAP block does not improve the quality of recovery or analgesic outcomes following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our results do not support the routine use of the BD-TAP block for this surgery.
Loss of Elp1 perturbs histone H2A.Z and the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Cameron BreAnna , Lehrmann Elin , Chih Tien , Walters Joseph , Buksch Richard , Snyder Sara , Goffena Joy , Lefcort Frances , Becker Kevin G. , George Lynn 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Elongator dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a contributor to multiple neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders including familial dysautonomia, intellectual disability, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder. Although numerous cellular processes are perturbed in the context of Elongator loss, converging evidence from multiple studies has resolved Elongator's primary function in the cell to the modification of tRNA wobble uridines and the translational regulation of codon-biased genes. Here we characterize H2a.z, encoding the variant H2a histone H2A.Z, as an indirect Elongator target. We further show that canonical Notch signaling, a pathway directed by H2A.Z, is perturbed as a consequence of Elp1 loss. Finally, we demonstrate that hyperacetylation of H2A.Z and other histones via exposure to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A during neurogenesis corrects the expression of Notch3 and rescues the development of sensory neurons in embryos lacking the Elp1 Elongator subunit.
Fabrication of Flat and Smooth Lead-Based Layered Perovskite Films at a Transfer Process of the Langmuir-Blodgett Method
Authors: Kubo Akemi , Era Masanao , Narita Takayuki , Oishi Yushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach for fabricating lead-based layered perovskite films. The perovskite structure was formed during the transfer of a perovskite-unform monolayer onto a substrate. The transferred film had a flat and smooth surface, and the surface roughness was greatly improved from 5.5 nm to 1.8 nm, compared to the transferred film of a perovskite-form monolayer on the water.
Reenvisioning Postpandemic Youth Sport to Meet Young People’s Mental, Emotional, and Social Needs
Authors: Whitley Meredith A. , Smith Alan L. , Dorsch Travis E. , Bowers Matthew T. , Centeio Erin E. ,   2020–2021 President’s Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition Science Board
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Before 2020, young people were experiencing significant psychosocial challenges, with the COVID-19 pandemic and related events (e.g., lockdowns, social isolation, and economic disruption) amplifying concerns about their well-being. Youth sport is a context for promoting mental, emotional, and social health, and yet it is not achieving its full potential in the United States. The purpose of this expert commentary, composed by the 2020–2021 President’s Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition Science Board, is to present a vision of youth sport in the United States that prioritizes young people’s mental, emotional, and social health. The extraordinary events of 2020 and 2021 provide an opportunity to reenvision our approach to youth sport as pandemic-related restrictions are lifted. Ten recommendations from this vision are presented in this article, along with 10 innovative, actionable takeaways; each of these offer meaningful benefits to young people’s mental, emotional, and social health.
Diagnostic performance of qualitative and radiomics approach to parotid gland tumors: which is the added benefit of texture analysis?
Authors: Vernuccio Federica , Arnone Federica , Cannella Roberto , Verro Barbara , Comelli Albert , Agnello Francesco , Stefano Alessandro , Gargano Rosalia , Rodolico Vito , Salvaggio Giuseppe , Lagalla Roberto , Midiri Massimo , Lo Casto Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate whether MRI-based texture analysis improves diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors compared to conventional radiological approach. Methods: Patients with parotid gland tumors who underwent salivary glands MRI between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively selected. MRI analysis included a qualitative assessment by two radiologists (one of which subspecialized on head and neck imaging), and texture analysis on various sequences. Diagnostic performances including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of qualitative features, radiologists’ diagnosis, and radiomic models were evaluated. Results: Final study cohort included 57 patients with 74 tumors (27 pleomorphic adenomas, 40 Warthin tumors, 8 malignant tumors). Sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC for the diagnosis of malignancy were 75%, 97% and 0.860 for non-subspecialized radiologist, 100%, 94% and 0.970 for subspecialized radiologist and 57.2%, 93.4%, and 0.927 using a MRI radiomics model obtained combining texture analysis on various MRI sequences. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC for the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors were 81.5%, 70%, and 0.757 for non-subspecialized radiologist, 81.5%, 95% and 0.882 for subspecialized radiologist and 70.8%, 82.5%, and 0.808 using a MRI radiomics model based on texture analysis of T2 weighted sequence. A combined radiomics model obtained with all MRI sequences yielded a sensitivity of 91.5% for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Conclusion: MRI qualitative radiologist assessment outperforms radiomic analysis for the diagnosis of malignancy. MRI predictive radiomics models improves the diagnostic performance of non-subspecialized radiologist for the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor, achieving similar performance to the subspecialized radiologist. Advances in knowledge: Radiologists outperform radiomic analysis for the diagnosis of malignant parotid gland tumors, with some MRI qualitative features such as ill-defined margins, perineural spread, invasion of adjacent structures and enlarged lymph nodes being highly specific for malignancy. A radiomic model based on texture analysis of T2 weighted images yields higher specificity for the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma compared to a radiologist non-subspecialized in head and neck radiology, thus minimizing false-positive pleomorphic adenoma diagnosis rate and reducing unnecessary surgical complications.
Sea grapes extract improves blood glucose, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α in rats fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet
Authors: Kuswari Mury , Nurkolis Fahrul , Mayulu Nelly , Ibrahim Faisal Maulana , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Wewengkang Defny Silvia , Sabrina Nindy , Arifin Ghafur Rasyid , Mantik Keren Esther Kristina , Bahar Muhammad Rahimi , Rifqiyati Najda , Rompies Ronald , Augusta Piko Satria , Permatasari Happy Kurnia 
Published: September 2021

Background: Sea grapes or Caulerpa racemosa have a lot of phytochemical content, especially unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of sea grapes extract on blood glucose levels, total cholesterol-, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α in male Wistar rats, which were given per-oral (p.o.) cholesterol- and carbohydrates fat-enriched diets (CFED). Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200 – 250 g were used for this study. Animals were randomly distributed into four groups of ten animals each. Group A served as control (received standard dry pellet diet). Rats in group B were fed on CFED for 4 weeks. Groups C and D were fed on CFED and were administered 150 and 450 mg/kg of sea grapes extract (p.o.), respectively. Results: Group C rats indicated a blood glucose reduction and an increase in PGC-1α serum, in comparison to group D (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between group C and D in blood cholesterol reduction (high dose of the extract did not have significant effects) (p=0.222), and both groups had the same effect in lowering total cholesterol in rats. Conclusion: Sea grapes extract is proven to improve blood glucose, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α levels in rats fed with CFED.
Green Tea and Decaffeinated Light Roasted Green Coffee Extract Combination Improved Cardiac Insulin Resistance through Free Fatty Acids and Adiponectin/FAS Pathway Amelioration in Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model
Authors: Lukitasari Mifetika , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Nugroho Dwi Adi , Nur Kholis Mukhamad , Wahyuni Nila Aisyah , Widodo Nashi 
Published: September 2021

Background: Insulin resistance has been independently associated with cardiac diseases. A free fatty acid is recently known to induce cardiac insulin resistance due to low-grade inflammation. Therefore, the improvement of free fatty acid levels can also improve cardiac insulin resistance. This study investigated the combination of green tea and decaffeinated-light roasted green coffee extract in improvement of free fatty acid-induced cardiac insulin resistance by improving the adiponectin/FAS pathway. Methods: This study used 25 males Sprague-Dawley rats induced by a high-fat high sucrose diet and injection of low dose streptozotocin to make a metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model and standard chow as healthy control rats. The MS rats were treated with green tea (200 mg/ b. w.), decaffeinated-light roasted green coffee (300 mg/ b. w.), and the combination of both extracts in 9 weeks. Experimental groups in this study were divided into 5 groups: 1) MS (HFHS diet + STZ) group, 2) NC (normal chow) group, 3) GT (green tea extract) group, 4) GC (decaffeinated-light roasted green coffee extract), 5) CM (combination of both extracts) group. Adiponectin and HOMA-IR level was analysed using ELISA, and the gene expression of Adipo-R1, FAS, PI3K, PDK1, Akt, GLUT4 was measured by RT-PCR. Results: The combination of green tea and decaffeinated-light roasted green coffee showed synergistic effects in improving FFA levels. The adiponectin/FAS pathway was attenuated in the CM group. Moreover, the combination also showed improvement in cardiac insulin resistance markers such as IRS1/2, PI3K, PDK1, Akt, and GLUT4. Conclusions: The combination of green tea and decaffeinated-light roasted green coffee extract improved cardiac insulin resistance better than green tea and green coffee extract administration alone by reducing free fatty acids levels through adiponectin/FAS pathway modulation.
Integrating augmented reality technology in education: vector personal computer augmented reality
Authors: Tan Sin Yin , Tay Noel Nuo Wi 
Published: September 2021

Background: Educators often face difficulties in explaining abstract concepts such as vectors. During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, fully online classes have also caused additional challenges to using conventional teaching methods. To explain a vector concept of more than 2 dimensions, visualization becomes a problem. Although Microsoft PowerPoint can integrate animation, the illustration is still in 2-dimensions. Augmented reality (AR) technology is recommended to aid educators and students in teaching-learning vectors, namely via a vector personal computer augmented reality system (VPCAR), to fulfil the demand for tools to support the learning and teaching of vectors. Methods: A PC learning module for vectors was developed in a 3-dimensional coordinate system by using AR technology. Purposive sampling was applied to get feedback from educators and students in Malaysia through an online survey. The supportiveness of using VPCAR based on six items (attractiveness, easiness, visualization, conceptual understanding, inspiration and helpfulness) was recorded on 5-points Likert-type scales. Findings are presented descriptively and graphically. Results: Surprisingly, both students and educators adapted to the new technology easily and provided significant positive feedback that showed a left-skewed and J-shaped distribution for each measurement item, respectively. The distributions were proven significantly different among the students and educators, where supportive level result of educators was higher than students. This study introduced a PC learning module other than mobile apps as students mostly use laptops to attend online class and educators also engage other IT tools in their teaching. Conclusions: Based on these findings, VPCAR provides a good prospect in supporting educators and students during their online teaching-learning process. However, the findings may not be generalizable to all students and educators in Malaysia as purposive sampling was applied. Further studies may focus on government-funded schools using the newly developed VPCAR system, which is the novelty of this study.
Comparison of the metabolic syndrome risk factors in antipsychotic naïve and chronic schizophrenia patients
Authors: Soleimani Robabeh , Shokrgozar Somayeh , Shekarriz-Fumani Masoomeh , Jalali Seyede Melika 
Published: September 2021

Aim of the studyThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of MetS and cardiovascular risk factors in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia (AN-SZ) and chronic schizophrenia (C-SZ) patients. Also, the effects of lifestyle, physical activity and clinical characteristics of these patients on metabolic syndrome were explored.Subject or material and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 150 patients, 16-65 aged years were included. All subjects were recruited from the Psychiatric clinic of a tertiary hospital, ---, ---. The severity of symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Physical activity and lifestyle were evaluated by the Baecke and Lifestyle questionnaires.ResultsFifty AN-SZ patients and 100 C-SZ patients participated. The rate of abdominal obesity was 29.2% for females and 10.3% for males. The C-SZ patients had significantly fewer healthy habitual physical activity and lifestyle, compared with AN-SZ patients. The prevalence of MetS in the AN-SZ and C-SZ groups was 8% and 23%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 3.13). Binary logistic regression revealed age and unhealthy lifestyle to be significant predictors of MetS (adjusted OR 1.09 and 0.65, respectively).DiscussionWe found with increasing each 10 years, the odds of MetS to increase 2.37 times. There was a significant negative association between a healthy lifestyle of SZ patients and MetS. The results showed A decrease in the score of the Lifestyle questionnaire by each one-point to increase the odds of MetS by 45%.ConclusionsFuture studies are recommended to explore the importance of weight management and nutrition control for reducing the rate of MetS.
Metal allergy in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Porter Patrick J. , Porter Martyn L. 
Published: September 2021

Aims Metal allergy in knee arthroplasty patients is a controversial topic. We aimed to conduct a scoping review to clarify the management of metal allergy in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Studies were identified by searching electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase, from their inception to November 2020, for studies evaluating TKA patients with metal hypersensitivity/allergy. All studies reporting on diagnosing or managing metal hypersensitivity in TKA were included. Data were extracted and summarized based on study design, study population, interventions and outcomes. A practical guide is then formulated based on the available evidence. Results We included 38 heterogeneous studies (two randomized controlled trials, six comparative studies, 19 case series, and 11 case reports). The evidence indicates that metal hypersensitivity is a rare complication with some histopathological features leading to pain and dissatisfaction with no reliable screening tests preoperatively. Hypoallergenic implants are viable alternatives for patients with self-reported/confirmed metal hypersensitivity if declared preoperatively; however, concerns remain over their long-term outcomes with ceramic implants outperforming titanium nitride-coated implants and informed consent is paramount. For patients presenting with painful TKA, metal hypersensitivity is a diagnosis of exclusion where patch skin testing, lymphocyte transformation test, and synovial biopsies are useful adjuncts before revision surgery is undertaken to hypoallergenic implants with shared decision-making and informed consent. Conclusion Using the limited available evidence in the literature, we provide a practical approach to metal hypersensitivity in TKA patients. Future national/registry-based studies are needed to identify the scale of metal hypersensitivity, agreed diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(10):785–795.
Effects of Tamarindus indica (Linnaeus 1753) pulp-fortified diets on the gut microflora and morphometry in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Authors: Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria , Olaifa Flora Eyibio , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho , Ogunbanwo Samuel Temitope 
Published: September 2021

The global criticism on the adverse effects of synthetic antibiotics including destabilization of gut microflora necessitated research into natural alternative like phytobiotics. Tamarind pulp is a phytobiotic known for its antimicrobial, growth-promoting and antioxidants properties, with little information on the mechanism of its growth promotion in fish. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tamarind pulp (TP) meal as feed additives on the growth, gut microflora, and morphometry in Clarias gariepinus. The fish were fed with diets fortified with graded levels (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% or 2.0%) of TP or 0.2% oxytetracycline (OTC). Fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), gut microflora and morphometry were determined. The weight gain of fish rose (P 0.05) with increasing levels of TP, while the FCR reduced significantly, compared to those fed the control diets. The total viable counts and enterobacteriaceae from the gut of fish fed OTC-fortified control diet was lower, compared the fish fed unfortified control (0.0% TP) diet and diets containing TP. Fish fed 1.0-2.0% TP-fortified diets had significantly higher yeast counts, compared to those fed other diets, while on the other hand higher (P0.05) Streptococcus sp was obtained from fish fed the control diets. The thickness of muscular lining of the base of villi, villi height and absorption area were higher (P ˂ 0.05) in fish fed OTC-fortified (C2) diet, compared to other treatments, while lower crypt depth were obtained in fish fed TP-fortified diets. The correlation analyses showed moderate negative (R = -0.539 at P 0.05) relationship between FCR and population of enterobacteriaceae while a very strong positive relationship (R = 0.848 at P 0.01) existed between FCR and population of haemolytic Streptococcus. The enhanced growth in fish fed TP-fortified diets could be accredited to the reduced crypt depth and colonization of yeast and reduced Streptococcus counts. Therefore the application of tamarind pulp meal at 2% is recommended for enhanced growth and healthy gut microflora composition.
Study of the origin of the complex beam profile of a hole-coupled free electron laser oscillator
Authors: Zen Heishun , Ohgaki Hideaki 
Published: September 2021

Hole coupling is a way to extract laser beams from an optical cavity through a hole on a cavity mirror. Hole coupling is often used in free electron laser oscillators and inherently causes a non-Gaussian beam profile at user stations, which are more than 10 m apart from the coupling hole. The laser beam extracted from a coupling hole has a bright central region (Airy disk) surrounded by a series of concentric rings (Airy pattern). The existence of an Airy pattern results in a non-Gaussian beam profile. It was demonstrated that the beam profile can be changed from a non-Gaussian to a nearly Gaussian distribution by removing the Airy pattern in the experiments and physical optics calculations.