bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the construction of photonic integrated circuits for communication systems
Authors: Popovskiy N I , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the main methods of signal processing in a coherent optical transport network based on a photonic integrated circuit to increase the speed and the onset of the terabit era in optical transport networks, cloud and high-performance computing systems. The properties and operational characteristics of the main material platforms of photonic integrated circuits and their future technological units are considered.
Thermo-optical properties of silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer for the on-chip quantum random number generator
Authors: Prokhodtsov A , Kovalyuk V , An P , Golikov A , Konyshev Y , Shakhovoy R , Sharoglazova V , Udaltsov A , Kurochkin Y , Goltsman G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Here we study the thermo-optical properties of an on-chip silicon nitride Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The spectral shift of the MZI is associated with a change in the chip temperature. This can be explained by a change in the splitting ratio of the directional couplers, as well as a significant change in phase difference between waveguide arms. We experimentally found a phase shift of 2π when heated by 1.67 °C and changes in resonant wavelength at different temperatures (dλ/dT) equal 12.0 pm/°C, theoretically obtained a formula for an arbitrary splitting ratio of the directional couplers in an MZI, and determined the temperature stability required to the device operation inside a quantum cryptography system.
Discrete optical Zeno effect for polarization of light
Authors: Sedykh K O , Sych D V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quantum Zeno effect concerns deterministic dynamics of a quantum system induced by a series of projective quantum measurements. Applying this effect in optics, one can achieve an arbitrary lossless transformation of linear polarization of light with help of linear polarizers. However, to demonstrate this effect in practice, we have to take into account unavoidable losses in each polarizer that limits probability of successful transformations. In this work, we theoretically study a realistic quantum Zeno effect with an optimal discrete set of polarizers and find the maximum success probability
Simple representation of the quantum entanglement of coupled harmonic oscillators in terms of the reflection coefficient
Authors: Tsykareva Yu V , Makarov D N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quantum entanglement of coupled harmonic oscillators is frequently applied in quantum and non-linear physics, molecular chemistry and biophysics, which is why its study is of a great interest for modern physics. In this work a quantum entanglement of a coupled harmonic oscillator in a simple form was found. This simple form is presented as a single parameter – reflection coefficient R. All parameters of the studied system are included in the R coefficient. It is shown that the derivation of the expression can have applications in quantum optics, in particular in quantum metrology.
Identification of pigments of Russian icons by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Vasilieva A V , Parfenov V A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work the analysis of paint layers of Russian icons of the 16th-19th centuries was carried out by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The data obtained on the elemental composition of pigments made it possible to identify them. Main problems of identification were described in this paper. The results of the research will be used to create a database of XRF-spectra of pigments, which were used by Russian icon painters of certain schools and time periods.
Performance of microheaters for tunable on-chip interferometer
Authors: Venediktov I O , Elezov M S , Prokhodtsov A I , Kovalyuk V V , An P P , Golikov A D , Shcherbatenko M L , Sych D V , Goltsman G N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is a valuable practical tool in many optical science areas. In particular, high-contrast MZI are required for experimental realization of displacement-based quantum receivers that can discriminate weak coherent states of light with the minimum error rate. In this work we study phase modulators of tunable on-chip interferometer on silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform for telecom wavelength (1550 nm) consisting of several MZI. Phase modulators on one of the arms of MZI consists of microheaters and waveguide. Microheaters heat waveguides changing its refractive index due to thermo-optical effect providing a phase shift. We measure the bandwidth of phase modulators and study their operation in pulse mode.
Photoionization of polarized doublet states of Xenon atom
Authors: Viktorov E A , Pastor A A , Serdobintsev P Yu , Miculis K , Bezuglov N N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We studied experimentally and theoretically the ionization of a two-photon excited superposition of 4f states of Xe atom by probe femtosecond pulse laser in a supersonic beam. The revealed oscillation structure in the observed photoionization signals is associated with the interference of the coherently populated components of Xe doublet states. Our results demonstrate the high efficiency of proposed experimental scheme for registering quantum beats in the photoelectron current.
Polarized spectroscopy of electric and magnetic dipole transitions of Europium (III) ions in C2 sites
Authors: Volokitina A , Loiko P , Dunina E , Kornienko A , Serres J M , Aguiló M , Díaz F , Pavlyuk A , Mateos X 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polarization anisotropy of luminescent properties of europium (III) ions in low-symmetry C2 sites is studied using monoclinic (sp. gr. C2/c) tungstate crystal KY(WO4)2. The 5D0 → 7FJ (where J = 0…6) transitions are characterized for the principal light polarizations. Polarization selection rules for the magnetic dipole 5D0 → 7F1 transition are presented. The stimulated-emission cross-sections for Eu3+ ions relevant for laser operation are determined.
Lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics for low-temperature anodic sealing of MEMS sensors
Authors: Kleimanov R , Komarevtsev I , Enns Y , Akulshin Y , Korshunov A , Shashkin A , Arefiev D , Kazakin A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of a study of the anodic bonding parameters of transparent glass-ceramics based on lithium aluminosilicates which are promising as structural materials of MEMS and MOEMS sensors are presented. A comparison of the optical transmittance of these materials and classical for MEMS industry glasses has been carried out. The glass-ceramics electrical conductivity in a wide temperature range has been measured. The procedure of hermetic sealing of glass-ceramics by the anodic bonding at temperatures of 150 – 250 °C has been worked out. A prototype of glass-ceramic atomic cell has been fabricated.
Influence of laser processing conditions on the depth and microhardness of layers formed on titanium
Authors: Koshuro V , Osipova L , Markelova O , Fomina M , Fomin A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we studied the depth and microhardness of the layers formed on titanium during laser processing in a graphite environment. The energy and duration of the laser pulse varied from 0.76 to 10.17 J and from 0.5 to 3 ms, respectively. As a result of processing, the formation of layers characterized by a depth of 8.3-800 μm and a microhardness of 9.68-28.01 GPa took place. Regression models are constructed that describe the effect of laser processing conditions on the indicated characteristics of the layers. It was found that the pulse energy had the greatest effect on the depth and microhardness of hardened titanium.
Features of Electrophoretic Formation of Local Heat Sources Based on Nanosized Powder Al
Authors: Leonenko E S , Sorokina L I , Ryazanov R M , Lebedev E A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the features of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method to form nano-Al based energetic layers were investigated. The influence of solvents and additive components on the EPD process was analyzed, and the optimal composition of the suspension for the best deposition of layers based on nanoscale Al particles was acquired. The obtained layers can be used as an initiator of secondary reactions for on-chip energetic systems and a local heat source for joining surfaces by reactive bonding.
Analysis of frequency response sensor of MEMS gyroscope in vacuum chamber
Authors: Lysenko I E , Naumenko D V , Ezhova O A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents a study of the frequency response of a MEMS gyroscope in a vacuum chamber. On the basis of experimental studies by the method of laser Doppler vibrometry, the dependences of the amplitude of oscillations of the inertial mass in the vertical plane at various pressures are obtained. The bandwidth of the MEMS sensor was also measured.As a result of the experiments, the damping factors were determined to compose a more complete mathematical model and for more accurate finite element modeling in ANSYS, and refined parameters of the electrostatic drive and the amplitude of oscillations along the axis of the drive were obtained. These studies will be useful for determining the residual degree of vacuum in the case for further frequency tuning of the device.
Research of FIB local milling processes for creation of nanosized field emission structures
Authors: Panchenko I V , Shandyba N A , Kolomiytsev A S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of the main parameters of a focused ion beam (FIB) during surface profiling on the accuracy of transfer of a pattern to a silicon substrate to create nanoscale field emission structures. In this work, the optimal FIB currents are determined, introducing a minimum amount of distortions during the formation of structures of various sizes. The possibilities of the method of local ion-beam etching of structures in a wide range from 0.1 to 2 μm are shown. The prospects of using this technology for the creation of field emission structures have been demonstrated. It is determived the current-voltage characteristic of the fabricated field-emission cells with a threshold voltage of the onset of emission of ∼ 2.5 V and a maximum current of 300 nA at 30 V.
Properties of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited ruthenium thin films from Ru(EtCp)2
Authors: Smirnova E A , Miakonkikh A V , Rogozhin A E , Rudenko K V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ruthenium thin films were deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition using bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) or Ru(EtCp)2 and oxygen plasma. The growth characteristics have been studied on a silicon substrate with different interfaces in a wide temperature range. On Si and SiO2, a nucleation delay period has been observed, which can be substantially reduced by the use of a tantalum nitride underlayer of ∼ 0.3 nm. The surface analysis shows that the substrate’s temperature strongly affects the composition of the film from ruthenium oxide at low temperatures to pure ruthenium film at higher temperatures.
Initial Characterization of Bio-Slurry as Liquid Fertilizer
Authors: Kusuma M , Afrianisa R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demand for organic fertilizers in Indonesia is currently in a critical state. In 2015, it was noticed that the demand of Indonesia for NPK fertilizers reached over 6.5 million tons per year. Given the current state of demand for organic fertilizers in Indonesia, it is imperative to have alternative organic fertilizers that are environmentally friendly and readily available raw materials. One alternative is to use biogas waste that contains essential plant-based nutrients such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and additional nutrients such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S). The composition of Bio-Slurry after fermentation consists of 25% ± 5 dry matter and 75% ± 5 water. If the dry substance is decomposed, it contains 18- 27% organic matter. The production of liquid organic fertilizers from BioSlurry requires some anaerobic fermentation process lasting 20 days. During the fermentation process it is necessary to additional raw materials such as cow urine, banana stalk and banana peel to add the N, P and K values to BioSlurry. In the initial characterization test, BioSlurry liquid (after pressing) showed an NPK value of <1% and a C-Organic value of 0.04.
Characteristics of Separation and Induced Drag in the Use of Swept-back Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Setyo Hariyadi S P , Sutardi  , Sukahir  , Jamaludin  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The swept-back wing has been used in almost all aircraft wings. This is necessary to reduce the pressure drag from the wings so that there is an increase in aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamic performance is the ratio between the total drag coefficient and the lift coefficient. This research attempts to explain the swept-back wing phenomenon in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) on Eppler 562 airfoil. The numerical simulation uses the k-ε turbulent model at Reynolds number (Re) = 2.34 x 104. Variation of backward swept angle Λ = 0°, 15°, and 30°. The separation growth Λ = 0° occurred more on the wing root, while Λ = 15° and Λ = 30° occurred more on the wingtip. At Λ = 15°, as the angle of attack increases, the area of the separation increases, and the area of the transition towards the separation decreases. The reattach area also has an increase in the area of the trailing edge. At Λ = 30°, with an increase in the angle of attack, there is a shift from the wingtip area to the mid-span. The area of separation and transition to separation has increased significantly. The re-attach area at α = 8o has not been seen, so at α = 12o it has been seen significantly. The vorticity on the x-axis shows Λ = 15°, and Λ = 30° has a wider area while on the z-axis, Λ = 15°, and Λ = 30° have stronger vortex strength. However, in the mid-span, Λ = 0° has a stronger result.
The Geologic Process of The Saka River area: Related to the History Woyla Elevated Ocean in The South Sumatra Island Region, Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Idarwati  , Purwanto H S , Sutriyono E , Prasetyadi C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lithological and earth structures which compose the geologic process space are terribly fascinating to study. elaborated investigation of pre-tertiary rock subduction at the Woyla web site is rarely carried out. the variability of rocks derived from the Woyla oceanic plate, that folded on the West Sumatra continental plate within the Age of Reptiles era, illustrates the magnitude of the subduction impact mirrored in the structures that are still reflected in the abandoned rocks. The ways want to discover this subduction event are elaborated field observations, skinny section, XRD, and earth science structure measurements, supported by drones and satellite imagery. The lithology of basalt, flint, serpentine, marble, and arenaceous rock is vital to the presence of the Intraoceanic Arch of Woyla within the Saka phase. elaborated structural calculation show that the Saka segment went through several tectonic stages from the Mesozoic to Recent, that is mirrored in the Saka fault and therefore the Penanggungan fault.
Analysis of Ammonia in Kali Lamong River Estuary Surabaya during Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Ni’am A C , Prasetya K D , Utami R P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Water quality monitoring is an important instrument in the management of freshwater resources because they offer essential information about the physical, chemical, and biological water resources status, determining patterns and changes over time, and identifying emerging water quality issues especially in a specific situation. This study investigates the ammonia concentration in Kali Lamong river estuaries Surabaya to comprehensive the level of pollution that occurs during pandemic Covid-19. This research was conducted in the river downstream of Kali Lamong in the dry season. Sampling has occurred in 3 stations. Each station has 3 sampling sites that were ¼ of the left side, ½ from the side of the left, and ¼ of the right side. The measurement ammonia in water was measured by SNI 06-6989.30-2005 method. The laboratory result depicted the highest of ammonia concentration (0.765 mg/L) at B1 site. The ammonia concentration in water was <0.02 to 0.13 mg/L in another site. The water sampling result was classified based on PP number 22 of 2021 implementation of protection and management of environment in sixth appendix about national water quality standard with third-class purpose.
Design and Control Motorized Circuit Breaker in Electrical Distribution Panel
Authors: Sudjoko R I , Hartono  , Suhanto  , Kustori  , Hariyadi S , Faizah F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A circuit breaker is the main part of the distribution panel that needs to control for safe operation. It is important for protection and switching in the power system. Automatic control of circuit breakers using motorized can be realized by the microcontroller scheme. In this paper, a microcontroller equipped with wifi and an internet connection is used to control and monitoring the circuit breaker. The design of the circuit is proposed and experiment result is obtained. The response time is about 1 second to complete the process to control the circuit breaker. Error in monitoring application is about 3% for voltage measurement and 3.5% for current measurement. The proposed circuit system showed good and reliable control and monitoring of circuit breakers in every condition include of closing, opening, and monitoring.
Parameter Variation of Microwave Torrefaction Time of Blotong and Bagasse Briquettes
Authors: Mirzayanti Y. W. , Bhismoko B. , Fathurrahman M. Q. , Ningsih E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Briquettes are one way to increase the economic value of biomass. Blotong and bagasse are two biomass wastes that can pollute the environment if stored for an extended period of time. This study aimed to determine the effect of torrefaction time on the heating value of briquettes, moisture content, and the number of organic carbons. Blotong and bagasse microwave torrefaction uses 1000 watts of power and time intervals of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. When the best take for torrefaction between blotong and bagasse with molasses is compared, the result is 1:1:4. Based on the analysis results, the best briquettes produced have a water content of 2.1 percent, a calorific value of 5475.8 cal/gram, and an organic carbon content of 64.75 percent at a time variable of 60 minutes. These results indicate that variations in the torrefaction process time can affect the characteristics of the resulting briquettes. Based on the results obtained, the longer the torrefaction time, the lower the water content in the briquettes. Likewise, the calorific value and carbon content are also getting higher.
Study of the Effect of Time Variations on the Leaching Process of Ferronickel Products from Mini Blast Furnace to Yield Elements of Fe, Ni, and Co for NiSO4.6H2O Synthesis
Authors: Pintowantoro S , Waluyo FP , Setiyorini Y , Setyowati VA , Kawigraha A , Abdul F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia, as one of the biggest contributor to air pollution, has a solution to replace petroleum-powered motorized vehicles with battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Indonesia has nickel reserves that can be used as one of the cathodes of a Li-ion battery called NMC. In this research, the author uses ferronickel ore from the smelting process of laterite nickel ore. Then ferronickel is leached to produce nickel sulfate. This research was conducted to determine the effect of variations in leaching time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours) on the extraction rate, extraction percentage, chemical composition, yield, and the resulting compounds. The results of this study were that the highest content of nickel extract was produced in a 10-hour variation of 11530 mg/L with an extraction percentage of 94.16%, the most iron in a 10-hour variation of 4128 mg/L with 100% extraction percentage, and the most cobalt in a 2-hour variation. as much as 47.3 mg/L with 100% extraction percentage. The highest nickel yield was produced at a 10-hour concentration variation of 87.37%. The compounds produced from the crystallization products were NiSO4.6H2O, Na2SO4, CoSO4, and FeSO4.
Chemical and Physical Activation Using a Microwave to Increase the Ability of Activated Carbon to Adsorb Dye Waste
Authors: Udyani K , Purwaningsih D Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to develop an android-based application to calculate the amount of fuel adjusted to the distance and speed of the ship based on the trajectory (way point). The calculation of distance in this application uses the concept of a spherical triangle which is used in voyage navigation. This development adopts the Waterfall model with the stages of Requirement Engineering, Design and implementation, Testing, Release and Maintenance. At the product review stage, it involves software experts (to provide criticism and suggestions for improvement), then testing is carried out by comparing the results of calculations using applications with manual calculations and ECDIS (electronic Chart Display Information System). The test results show that there is no significant difference between the results of calculations using the application with manual calculations and ECDIS. Thus, this application can be used to calculate the amount of fuel needed according to the distance traveled and the speed of the ship based on the selected trajectory.
Optimization of Paddle Wheel Aeration, a preliminary study of Integrated Smart Aquaculture System
Authors: Nugroho P N A , Mustaghfirin M A , Pambudi D S A , Imron A , Aminudin M R , Wulandari D A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paddlewheel aerator is one of the supporting facilities in the intensive aquaculture pond system. Assuming all the land uses an intensive cultivation system, more than two million paddlewheels worth more than 10 trillion will be needed by 2024. Currently, all paddlewheels are produced abroad or imported. This is very unfortunate considering the vast market potential. This paper discussed a preliminary study of developing paddlewheel aeration for shrimp ponds using an integrated intelligent aquaculture system to support intensification. Two paddlewheel aerators with modifications in the gearbox have been successfully installed. Based on the observation and user’s testimony, the newly installed paddlewheel was quite good, the sound of the motor was smooth, then the flow range was longer, the coverage area was more expansive than the existing waterwheel. This research would be a foundation for intelligent paddlewheel aeration design that can be developed domestically to support local industry in Indonesia.
TNT equivalent of the shock wave energy generated during the supersonic flight of an aircraft
Authors: Drobzheva Ya V , Zikunkova D V , Krasnov V M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To assess the impact on human health of the sonic boom that occurs when an aircraft is flying at supersonic speed, and, accordingly, to solve the problem of noise reduction by optimizing the aircraft design, it is proposed to evaluate the shock wave energy using the TNT equivalent of a cylindrical explosion. An example of calculating the shock wave energy during flights of F4 and F18 aircraft at different altitudes is considered. To calculate the evolution of an acoustic pulse during its propagation from the boundary of the shock wave transition to the acoustic one, the wave equation and its solution are used, taking into account the inhomogenei-ty of the atmosphere, nonlinear effects, absorption and expansion of the wave front, as well as the results of ground-based measurements of acoustic pulses. The results of calculations of the dependence of the explosion energy on the flight altitude, as well as on the type of aircraft are explained on the basis of the formula for the atmospheric resistance force.