bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Isolates against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Kabole Mellon , Kilalo Dora , Muiru Maina , Coyne Danny 
Published: May 2021

Callosobruchus maculatus FaB (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is a major field-to-store post-harvest pest of in the tropics and worldwide. They cause weight loss, decreased germination potential and reduction in commercial and aesthetic value as a result of physical contamination of grain by insects, eggs and excrement, decreased nutritional value. Entomopathogenic fungi have been employed in control of a number of storage pests and has been demonstrated to have potential in control of C. maculatus in cowpea during storage. Nine B. bassiana isolates were evaluated for effectiveness in controlling C. maculatus in cowpea grain under controlled laboratory conditions. Mortality of the bruchids was evaluated stepwise where the most effective isolate concentrations against C. maculatus were assessed. Initial assessment involved determination of the most effective concentration among the isolates following dilution. The isolates showed significant differences on the mortality of cowpea bruchids at the different concentrations. Isolate J35 had 98.2% mortality at 5 days after application during the first season and 88.3% during the second season, which was only lower to the formulated isolates BBC and BVT. The current study shows the pathogenic effectiveness of B bassiana on C. maculatus.
Study of Serum Milk Fat Globule-epidermal Growth Factor 8 (MFG-E8) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Madkour Yasmen Sabry , Watany Mona Mohamed , Ghali Azza Abbas , ElSheikh Ekhlas Hussein 
Published: May 2021

Background: Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor 8 (MFG-E8) has been shown to be involved in various biological functions including the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, neovascularization and epithelial restitution. Recently, emerging studies have reported that MFG-E8 plays a role in inflammatory responses and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of serum MFG-E8 in early diagnosis of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.
Methods: The study included 80 patients with T2D; they were divided in to 4 groups depending on the value of clinical and laboratory parameters. Group A: included 20 patients free of any vascular complications. Group B: included 20 patients with subclinical atherosclerosis. Group C: included 20 patients with early microvascular complications without subclinical atherosclerosis. Group D: included 20 patients with both subclinical atherosclerosis and early microvascular complications. Serum (MFG-E8) was measured by ELISA technique.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean value of serum MFG-E8 concentrations in groups C (T2D with early microvascular complications) and D (T2D with both early microvascular complications and subclinical atherosclerosis) when compared to those in groups A (T2D without any vascular complications) and B (T2D with subclinical atherosclerosis only). It negatively correlated with age, fasting and postprandial glucose level, HbA1C, urinary albumin excretion rate, hs-CRP and positively correlated with HDL-C while didn't correlate with body mass index, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C or carotid intima media thickness.
Conclusions: Serum MFG-E8 may be used as an early diagnostic marker of microvascular complications in T2D. MFG-E8 seemed not to be a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis in T2DM.
Peripheral Decoration of Multi‐Resonance Molecules as a Versatile Approach for Simultaneous Long‐Wavelength and Narrowband Emission
Authors: Qi Yanyu , Ning Weimin , Zou Yang , Cao Xiaosong , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh device efficiency and color‐purity are the two essentials for high‐quality organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Multi‐resonance (MR) molecules show great potentials for high color‐purity OLEDs due to their sharp emission bands. However, most MR molecules exhibit emission limited from deep‐blue to green spectral region. Herein, through peripherally decorating MR emitter with electron donors, a new approach enabling the emission spectra of MR emitters red‐shift while retaining narrowband emission is demonstrated. By manipulating the numbers and electron‐donating abilities of the peripheries, the first narrowband yellow emitter with emission maxima of 562 nm and a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm is realized. Highly efficient OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of over 24% and excellent color purity are fabricated by employing these newly developed MR molecules as emitters.
Layered Intercalation Materials
Authors: Zhou Jingyuan , Lin Zhaoyang , Ren Huaying , Duan Xidong , Shakir Imran , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract2D layered materials typically feature strong in‐plane covalent chemical bonding within each atomic layer and weak out‐of‐plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adjacent layers. The non‐bonding nature between neighboring layers naturally results in a vdW gap, in which various foreign species may be inserted without breaking the in‐plane covalent bonds. By tailoring the composition, size, structure, and electronic properties of the intercalated guest species and the hosting layered materials, an expansive family of layered intercalation materials may be produced with highly variable compositional and structural features as well as widely tunable physical/chemical properties, invoking unprecedented opportunities in fundamental studies of property modulation and potential applications in diverse technologies, including electronics, optics, superconductors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, the principles and protocols for various intercalation methods, including wet chemical intercalation, gas‐phase intercalation, electrochemical intercalation, and ion‐exchange intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed and how the intercalated species alter the crystal structure and the interlayer coupling of the host 2D layered materials, introducing unusual physical and chemical properties and enabling devices with superior performance or unique functions, is discussed. To conclude, a brief summary on future research opportunities and emerging challenges in the layered intercalation materials is given.
Block Copolymer Directed Metamaterials and Metasurfaces for Novel Optical Devices
Authors: Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Cummins Cian , Saba Matthias , Steiner Ullrich , Fleury Guillaume , Ponsinet Virginie , Guldin Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptical metamaterials are artificially engineered architectures that exhibit desired optical properties not found in nature. Bespoke design requires the ability to define shape, size, orientation, and composition of material structures on the nanometer length scale. Bottom‐up self‐assembly methods, such as block copolymer (BCP) templating, offer unique pathways to tailored features, at spatial resolution not routinely achieved by conventional top‐down techniques. In this review, the authors provide the general readership with basic concepts of the underlying fabrication processes and examine optical phenomena arising from BCP‐derived metamaterials and nanoresonators, with both dielectric and plasmonic characteristics. A number of diverse structural conformations designed by BCP templating and their implementation in optical devices is evaluated. The discussion includes 3D metamaterials, such as gyroidal and hyperbolic arrangements, as well as 2D metasurfaces. Based on recent developments in exploring these emerging structural and material configurations, the review further highlights unexplored opportunities offered by BCP self‐assembly for novel metamaterials and metasurface devices.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Oxy‐difluoroalkylation of Aryl Alkynes for the Synthesis of β‐Fluoroenones and α‐Difluoroalkyl Ketones
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Li Xiangqian , Shi Dayong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA method for the selective synthesis of (E)‐β‐fluoroenones and α‐difluoroalkyl ketones have been achieved. By employing water as oxygen source, potassium carbonate as base, tetrasubstituted β‐fluoroenones could be regio‐ and stereoselectively synthesized by oxy‐difluoroalkylation of alkynes under visible light irradiated with moderate to good yields. α‐Difluoroalkyl ketones could be obtained while using phenylpyridine as base. This transformation features mild condition, wide functional tolerance and step economy. The large‐scale transformations and further derivatization show its potential application in organic synthesis.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of 2,3‐Difunctionalized Indoles via Migratory Insertion of Isocyanides in Batch and Continuous Flow
Authors: Chen Su , Oliva Monica , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report, herein, a palladium‐catalyzed cascade comprising carbopalladation, migratory insertion of isocyanide and triple bond activation followed by a nucleophilic attack (OR−) to construct difunctionalized acyl indoles. The process involves multiple bond formations via key palladium‐chemistry steps, to construct these bis‐heterocycles containing two privileged scaffolds (indole and oxindole) in a single operational step, along with attempts to generate enantioselectivity at a quaternary carbon center. The methodology also demonstrates a continuous‐flow process to synthesize aryl isocyanides within minutes and using them in a telescopic manner.magnified image
Clinically Translatable Formulation Strategies for Systemic Administration of Nerve‐Specific Probes
Authors: Barth Connor W. , Shah Vidhi M. , Wang Lei G. , Antaris Alexander L. , Klaassen Alwin , Sorger Jonathan , Rao Deepa A. , Kerr Darcy A. , Henderson Eric R. , Alani Adam W. G. , Gibbs Summer L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNerves are extremely difficult to identify and are often accidently damaged during surgery, leaving patients with lasting pain and numbness. Herein, a novel near‐infrared (NIR) nerve‐specific fluorophore, LGW01‐08, is utilized for enhanced nerve identification using fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), formulated using clinical translatable strategies. Formulated LGW01‐08 is examined for toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics parameters in preparation for future clinical translation. Optimal LGW01‐08 imaging doses are identified in each formulation resulting in a 10x difference between the toxicity and imaging dose window. Laparoscopic swine surgery completed using the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical) demonstrates the efficacy of formulated LGW01‐08 for enhanced nerve identification. NIR fluorescence imaging enables clear identification of nerves buried beneath ≈3 mm of tissue that are unidentifiable by white light imaging. These studies provide a strong basis for future clinical translation of NIR nerve‐specific fluorophores for utility during FGS to improve patient outcomes.
Multidimensional Nonstoichiometric Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Yu Meng , Liu Fangming , Li Jinhan , Liu Jiuding , Zhang Yudong , Cheng Fangyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonstoichiometry plays an important role in determining physicochemical properties such as conductivity, activity, and stability due to the composition‐induced change in phase, local atomic environment, and electronic structure. A variety of materials with nonstoichiometry have emerged in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, which necessitates a solid understanding of their formation mechanism and structure–function relationship. This review presents a summary of the progress made in this emerging field, starting from the introduction of the multiscale top‐down and bottom‐up strategies for generating nonstoichiometry and the related characterization methodologies. Then, representative nonstoichiometric materials (NMs) are discussed in properties and merits, with selected examples of each material category. A special focus is placed on the dimensionality from atomic sites to surface/interfaces, grains, microstructure, and hierarchical macroscale. After that, recent advances are overviewed for the use of exemplified NMs in electrocatalysis (i.e., oxygen reduction/evolution, hydrogen evolution, and nitrogen reduction) and batteries (i.e., Li/Na/Zn batteries). The review is concluded with a summary highlighting the beneficial effects of NMs and a perspective on further research to address remaining issues.
Evolution of apetaly in the cosmopolitan genusStellaria
Authors: Sharples Mathew T. , Bentz Philip C. , Manzitto‐Tripp Erin A. 
Published: May 2021

PremiseApetaly is widespread across distantly related lineages of flowering plants and is associated with abiotic (or self‐) pollination. It is particularly prevalent in the carnation family, and the cosmopolitan genusStellariacontains many lineages that are hypothesized to have lost petals from showy petalous ancestors. But the pollination biology of apetalous species ofStellariaremains unclear.MethodsUsing a substantial species‐level sampling (~92% of known taxonomic diversity), we describe the pattern of petal evolution withinStellariausing ancestral character state reconstructions. To help shed light on the reproductive biology of apetalousStellaria, we conducted a field experiment at an alpine tundra site in the southern Rocky Mountains to test whether an apetalous species (S. irrigua) exhibits higher levels of selfing than a sympatric, showy petalous congener (S. longipes).ResultsAnalyses indicated that the ancestor ofStellariawas likely showy petalous and that repeated, parallel reductions of petals occurred in clades across much of the world, with uncommon reversal back to showy petals. Field experiments supported high rates of selfing in the apetalous species and high rates of outcrossing in the petalous species.ConclusionsPetal loss is rampant across major clades ofStellariaand is potentially linked with self‐pollination worldwide. Self‐pollination occurs within the buds inS. irrigua, and high propensities for this and other forms of selfing known in many other taxa of arctic‐alpine habitats may reflect erratic availability of pollinators.
Interaction of amyloid and tau on cortical microstructure in cognitively unimpaired adults
Authors: Vogt Nicholas M. , Hunt Jack F. V. , Adluru Nagesh , Ma Yue , Van Hulle Carol A. , III Douglas C. Dean , Kecskemeti Steven R. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Batrla Richard , Wild Norbert , Buck Katharina , Zetterberg Henrik , Alexander Andrew L. , Blennow Kaj , Bendlin Barbara B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multi‐compartment diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) model, may be useful for detecting early cortical microstructural alterations in Alzheimer's disease prior to cognitive impairment.MethodsUsing neuroimaging (NODDI and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data (measured using Elecsys® CSF immunoassays) from 219 cognitively unimpaired participants, we tested the main and interactive effects of CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) on cortical NODDI metrics and cortical thickness, controlling for age, sex, and apolipoprotein E ε4.ResultsWe observed a significant CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 × p‐tau interaction on cortical neurite density index (NDI), but not orientation dispersion index or cortical thickness. The directionality of these interactive effects indicated: (1) among individuals with lower CSF p‐tau, greater amyloid burden was associated with higher cortical NDI; and (2) individuals with greater amyloid and p‐tau burden had lower cortical NDI, consistent with cortical neurodegenerative changes.DiscussionNDI is a particularly sensitive marker for early cortical changes that occur prior to gross atrophy or development of cognitive impairment.
Distinguishment of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger States in Rydberg Atoms via Noncyclic Geometric Quantum Computation
Authors: Guo Fu‐Qiang , Zhu Xiao‐Yu , Yan Lei‐Lei , Feng Mang , Su Shi‐Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum information processing, analyzing entangled states is indispensable for practical applications. Here a simple and direct protocol to distinguish arbitrary N‐qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states by novel nonadiabatic noncyclic geometric quantum computation using Rydberg atoms is put forward. The Bell states can also be distinguished completely using this way. The protocol is justified by numerical simulation for Bell states and N‐qubit GHZ states, which evaluates the robustness and shows gratifying results. In addition, the idea is flexible, that is, available in any platform. Due to its simplicity and easy operation, the scheme would be very useful in quantum information science both theoretically and experimentally.
Mechanosynthesis of Higher‐Order Cocrystals: Tuning Order, Functionality and Size in Cocrystal Design**
Authors: Ng Zi Xuan , Tan Davin , Teo Wei Liang , León Felix , Shi Xiaoyan , Sim Ying , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , Zhao Yanli , Mohamed Sharmarke , García Felipe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability to rationally design and predictably construct crystalline solids has been the hallmark of crystal engineering research. To date, numerous examples of multicomponent crystals comprising organic molecules have been reported. However, the crystal engineering of cocrystals comprising both organic and inorganic chemical units is still poorly understood and mostly unexplored. Here, we report a new diverse set of higher‐order cocrystals (HOCs) based on the structurally versatile—yet largely unexplored—phosph(V/V)azane heterosynthon building block. The novel ternary and quaternary cocrystals reported are held together by synergistic and orthogonal intermolecular interactions. Notably, the HOCs can be readily obtained either via sequential or one‐pot mechanochemical methods. Computational modelling methods reveal that the HOCs are thermodynamically driven to form and that their mechanical properties strongly depend on the composition and intermolecular forces in the crystal, offering untapped potential for optimizing material properties.
A panorama of medical education in Brazil: Anatomy in focus
Authors: Cabral Richard Halti , Masuko Telma Sumie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe scenario of Medical Education in Brazil is complex and diverse, like the very culture of our country. In this commentary, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities of progress while describing a panorama of the history, and the current scenario of Medical Education in Brazil. Moving our focus toward Anatomy, we review pedagogical strategies and methods, the role of the Brazilian Society of Anatomy, and share our experience on using of creativity and technology to make the teaching of Anatomy more modern, updated and significant for the future doctors.
The CRTAC1 Protein in Plasma Is Associated With Osteoarthritis and Predicts Progression to Joint Replacement: A Large‐Scale Proteomics Scan in Iceland
Authors: Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Lund Sigrun H. , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Magnusson Magnus I. , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Frigge Michael L. , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Bjornsdottir Gyda , Holm Hilma , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Rafnar Thorunn , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Ingvarsson Thorvaldur , Jonsson Helgi , Sulem Patrick , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daniel , Stefansson Kari 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveBiomarkers for diagnosis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) are lacking. This study was undertaken to identify circulating biomarkers for OA that could predict disease occurrence and/or progression to joint replacement.MethodsUsing the SomaScan platform, we measured 4,792 proteins in plasma from 37,278 individuals, of whom 12,178 individuals had OA and 2,524 had undergone joint replacement. We performed a case–control study for identification of potential protein biomarkers for hip, knee, and/or hand OA, and a prospective study for identification of biomarkers for joint replacement.ResultsAmong the large panel of plasma proteins assessed, cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) was the most strongly associated with both OA diagnosis (odds ratio 1.46 [95% confidence interval 1.41–1.52] for knee OA, odds ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval 1.29–1.43] for hip OA, and odds ratio 1.33 [95% confidence interval 1.26–1.40] for hand OA) and progression to joint replacement (hazard ratio 1.40 [95% confidence interval 1.30–1.51] for knee replacement and hazard ratio 1.31 [95% confidence interval 1.19–1.45] for hip replacement). Patients with OA who were in the highest quintile of risk of joint replacement, based on known risk factors (i.e., age, sex, and body mass index) and plasma CRTAC1 level, were 16 times more likely to undergo knee replacement within 5 years of plasma sample collection than those in the lowest quintile, and 6.5 times more likely to undergo hip replacement. CRTAC1 was not associated with other types of inflammatory arthritis. A specific protein profile was identified in those patients who had undergone joint replacement prior to plasma sample collection.ConclusionThrough a hypothesis‐free approach, we identified CRTAC1 in plasma as a novel promising candidate biomarker for OA that is both associated with occurrence of OA and predictive of progression to joint replacement. This biomarker might also be useful in the selection of suitable patients for clinical trial enrollment.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of hydroxysafflor yellow A in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy mice
Authors: Yao Rui , Cao Yu , Jiang Ruibin , Zhang Xuan , Li Feng , Wang Siwang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a major active water‐soluble component inCarthamus tinctoriusL., is considered a potential antioxidant with protective effects against myocardial injury. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the differences in the pharmacokinetics of HSYA between normal and streptozotocin‐induced DCM mice. HSYA in the mouse plasma was quantified using LC–MS/MS. Compared with the normal group, the DCM group showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC(0–t), AUC(0–∞)) value and peak plasma concentration, suggesting a higher uptake of HSYA in the DCM mice, and a significantly lower plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution, suggesting slower elimination of HSYA in the DCM mice. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in DCM mice than in normal mice, indicating the antioxidative stress effect of HSYA. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the serum HSYA content in the DCM mice significantly positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme levels. These results showed that the pharmacokinetics of HSYA changed significantly in the DCM mice, and this may improve the antioxidative stress effect of the drug.