bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic Genetic Mosaicism in the Apolipoprotein E-null Mouse Aorta
Authors: Valencia-Morales María del Pilar , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Colín-Castelán Dannia , Alvarado-Caudillo Yolanda , Fragoso-Bargas Nicolás , López-González Gladys , Peña-López Tania , Ramírez-Nava Magda , de la Rocha Carmen , Rodríguez-Ríos Dalia , Lund Gertrud , Zaina Silvio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn addition to genetic and epigenetic inheritance, somatic variation may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. CVD-associated somatic mutations have been reported in human clonal hematopoiesis, but evidence in the atheroma is lacking. To probe for somatic variation in atherosclerosis, we sought single-nucleotide private variants (PVs) in whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of aorta, liver, and skeletal muscle of two C57BL/6J coisogenic male ApoE null/wild-type (WT) sibling pairs, and RNA-seq data of one of the two pairs. Relative to the C57BL/6 reference genome, we identified 9 and 11 ApoE null aorta- and liver-specific PVs that were shared by all WES and RNA-seq datasets. Corresponding PVs in WT sibling aorta and liver were 1 and 0, respectively, and not overlapping with ApoE null PVs. Pyrosequencing analysis of 4 representative PVs in 17 ApoE null aortas and livers confirmed tissue-specific shifts toward the alternative allele, in addition to significant deviations from mendelian allele ratios. Notably, all aorta and liver PVs were present in the dbSNP database and were predominantly transition mutations within atherosclerosis-related genes. The majority of PVs were in discrete clusters approximately 3 Mb and 65 to 73 Mb away from hypermutable immunoglobin loci in chromosome 6. These features were largely shared with previously reported CVD-associated somatic mutations in human clonal hematopoiesis. The observation that SNPs exhibit tissue-specific somatic DNA mosaicism in ApoE null mice is potentially relevant for genetic association study design. The proximity of PVs to hypermutable loci suggests testable mechanistic hypotheses.
Pre-Hospital Antiplatelet Therapy for STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: What We Know and What Lies Ahead
Authors: Fabris Enrico , Korjian Serge , Coller Barry S. , Ten Berg Jurrien M. , Granger Christopher B. , Gibson C. Michael , van 't Hof Arnoud W. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly recanalization of the infarct-related artery to achieve myocardial reperfusion is the primary therapeutic goal in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To decrease the duration of ischaemia, continuous efforts have been made to improve pre-hospital treatment and to target the early period after symptom onset. In this period the platelet content of the fresh coronary thrombus is maximal and the thrombi are dynamic, and thus more susceptible to powerful antiplatelet agents. There have been substantial advances in antiplatelet therapy in the last three decades with several classes of oral and intravenous antiplatelet agents with different therapeutic targets, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties. New parenteral drugs achieve immediate inhibition of platelet aggregation, and fast and easy methods of administration may create the opportunity to bridge the initial gap in platelet inhibition observed with oral P2Y12 inhibitors. Moreover, potential future management of STEMI could directly involve patients in the process of care with self-administered antiplatelet agents designed to achieve rapid reperfusion. However, the potential anti-ischaemic benefits of potent antiplatelet agents will need to be balanced against their risk of increased bleeding. This study presents a comprehensive and updated review of pre-hospital antiplatelet therapy among STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention and explores new therapies under development.
Sulodexide in the Treatment of Patients with Early Stages of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gonzalez-Ochoa Alejandro J. , Raffetto Joseph D. , Hernández Ana G. , Zavala Nestor , Gutiérrez Obed , Vargas Arturo , Loustaunau Jorge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce several vascular endothelial-dependent systemic complications, and sulodexide has pleiotropic actions on the vascular endothelium, which may prove beneficial. We aimed to assess the effect of sulodexide when used within 3 days of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical onset. We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled outpatient trial. To be included, patients must have been at high risk for severe clinical progression. Participants received sulodexide (oral 1,000 LRU/d) or placebo for 21 days. The primary endpoint was the need for hospital care. Also assessed were patients' need for supplemental oxygen as well as D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and mortality. A total of 243 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis from June 5 to August 30, 2020. Of these, 124 received sulodexide and 119 received a placebo. Only 17.7% of the patients in the sulodexide group required hospitalization, compared with 29.4% in the placebo group (p = 0.03). This benefit persisted in the intention-to-treat analysis (15% in sulodexide group vs. 24% with placebo [p = 0.04]). With sulodexide, fewer patients required supplemental oxygen (30 vs. 42% [p = 0.05]). After 2 weeks, fewer patients had D-dimer levels >500 ng/dL (22 vs. 47% [p < 0.01]), and patients also had lower mean CRP levels (12.5 vs. 17.8 mg/dL [p < 0.01]). There were no between-group differences in thromboembolic events, major bleeding, or mortality. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with sulodexide, when provided within 3 days of clinical onset, improved their clinical outcomes. Although the results should be confirmed, sulodexide could be valuable in an outpatient setting.
Congenital Heart Defects in Patients with Classic Bladder Exstrophy: A Hitherto Neglected Association?
Authors: Promm Martin , Gerling Stephan , Schepp Carsten P. , Rösch Wolfgang H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Classic bladder exstrophy (BE) is regarded as an isolated malformation without any further anomalies, but some studies have indicated a higher incidence of cardiac anomalies. This cross-sectional study is planned to evaluate the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and the clinical relevance for patients with BE admitted for primary closure.
Materials and Methods Patients were prospectively recruited between March 2012 and January 2019. Patients' profiles including demographic data, results of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), as well as essential peri- and postoperative data were assessed.
Results Thirty-nine (25 boys and 14 girls) patients with BE (median age 61 days) underwent delayed primary bladder closure. Thirty-seven (24 boys and 13 girls) patients had received TTE 1 day before surgery. CHD was detected in 7 (18.9%) out of the 39 patients, but no clinical differences between patients with and without CHD were observed peri- or postoperatively.
Discussion and Conclusion This prospective systematic evaluation shows an even higher rate of CHD in patients with BE than assumed previously. Although peri- and postoperative outcome did not differ between patients with and without CHD, we consider TTE an important additional method for ensuring a safe peri- and postoperative courses and a short- and long-term care for patients with CHD.
Subpectoral Implant Repositioning With Partial Capsule Preservation: Treating the Long-Term Complications of Subglandular Breast Augmentation
Authors: Hauch Adam T , Francis Cameron S , Artz Jourdain D , Chasan Paul E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with long-term complications associated with subglandular breast augmentation are being seen in increasing numbers in the Southern California community. Late deformities include a characteristic “slide-down” deformity as well as capsular contracture, implant wrinkling, and nipple-areola complex enlargement. Repositioning the implant to a subpectoral pocket is a recognized revisionary technique to treat this problem; however, technical details of how this is accomplished are lacking in the literature.

Objectives
To review our technique for treating long-term complications associated with subglandular implants using subpectoral repositioning with partial capsule preservation and mastopexy, without the need for an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) or mesh.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients undergoing subpectoral repositioning over the course of 6 years was performed. Patient data and long-term outcomes were assessed. A technique is presented utilizing a partial capsulectomy that preserves a portion of the capsule as an ADM/mesh equivalent, ensuring adequate implant coverage and preventing window shading of the pectoralis major muscle.

Results
Twenty-four patients with subglandular implants and slide-down deformity as well as other associated complications including capsular contracture, implant wrinkling, and enlarged areolas underwent revision surgery with a subpectoral site change. Often, patients presented many years after their initial augmentation (mean 18 years, range 4-38 years). The average patient follow-up was 3.1 years (range 1.0-6.8 years). Two patients required minor revisions with local anesthetic, while another 2 revisions required general anesthesia.

Conclusions
Long-term deformities associated with subglandular breast augmentation can reliably be corrected by subpectoral repositioning, mastopexy, and utilization of residual breast capsule in the place of an ADM or mesh.

Level of Evidence: 4
Autologous Fat Injection for Augmentation Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keyhan Seied Omid , Ramezanzade Shaqayeq , Bohluli Behnam , Fallahi Hamid Reza , Mirzahoseini Sanaz , Nahai Foad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Autologous fat has become more frequently used for nasal volume augmentation and nasal correction. Nasal lipofilling refers to the use of injectable autologous fat grafts for nonsurgical aesthetic corrections.

Objectives
This systematic review aims to assess the satisfaction, complication, and retention rates of fat injection in nasal shape corrections.

Methods
The authors searched PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar up to and including October 2020 with no time and language restrictions for pertinent materials. Two authors conducted a duplicate searching process independently to determine proper materials based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One author retrieved the following data from the finally included studies based on a predefined checklist worksheet.

Results
The included studies report data from a total of 564 patients undergoing nasal fat injection in 12 studies. The mean score in our included materials was 6.08 with a range of 4 to 7 scores. In most of our included materials, no complication was reported for the peri/postsurgical period. Although some papers reported manageable complications such as an insufficient volume or decreased volume by resorption, tip excess and supratip fillness, and mild displacement, more than half of our included materials reported on patient satisfaction with aesthetic results of fat injection. The satisfaction rates were mostly high and ranged from 63% to 100%.

Conclusions
Autologous fat injection is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for nasal aesthetic and contour correction with a high satisfaction rate and low complication rate. Clinical expertise is essential to have a safe injection and to minimize the potential complications.

Level of Evidence: 4
Influence of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy: a placental view
Authors: da Costa Marcos Aurélio Santos , de Albuquerque Britto Diana Babini Lapa , da Silva Maria Eduarda , de Carvalho Jennyfer Martins , de Oliveira Maria Luísa Figueira , da Silva Gomes José Anderson , Mendes Tenorio Fernanda das Chagas Angelo , Leite Sônia Pereira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of the current coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), there has been great concern over a disease that has spread rapidly in several countries worldwide, with the result of several deaths, including deaths of pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on placental changes in infected pregnant women and/or asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 during pregnancy, aiming at the possible vertical transmission. A systematic collection was carried out on the effects of that COVID-19 can cause directly and/or indirectly to pregnancy and the placenta in the following databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, Lilacs, and Web of Science. For search, the following descriptors were used: placenta, pregnant woman, COVID-19, maternal–fetal. The results indicate transplacental transmission in some cases reviewed in many reports from this study. The presence of the virus was seen in the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, and peripheral blood. Finally, pathological studies suggest that there are morphological changes related to infection in the placentas. We can conclude that, based on the researched material, there is little evidence of transplacental vertical viral transmission and its respective morphological changes related to viral infection in the placenta.
The policing of cuckooing in ‘County Lines’ drug dealing: An ethnographic study of an amplification spiral
Authors: Spicer Jack 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Responding to cases of ‘cuckooing’, where drug dealers take over other people’s homes, has become a significant policing activity in the United Kingdom. Drawing on ethnographic data and the deviancy amplification spiral model, this article theorizes how police responses to cuckooing emerged, developed and became established. Five stages of the spiral are outlined: identifying cuckooing as a problem; demonstrating a response; spreading the problem; making it other people’s problem too; the establishment of a policing priority. The article advances amplification theory by considering it from within the setting of the police and the contemporary drug supply context of County Lines. It concludes by stressing the importance of critically considering the dynamic relationship between the police and their drug market targets.
Hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 and risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis
Authors: Xu Yin , Smith Kelsi A , Hiyoshi Ayako , Piehl Fredrik , Olsson Tomas , Montgomery Scott 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The involvement of specific viral and bacterial infections as risk factors for multiple sclerosis has been studied extensively. However, whether this extends to infections in a broader sense is less clear and little is known about whether risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis is associated with other types and sites of infections such as the CNS. This study aims to assess if hospital-diagnosed infections by type and site before age 20 years are associated with risk of a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis and whether this association is explained entirely by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, and CNS infections. Individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 1994 were identified using the Swedish Total Population Register (n = 2 422 969). Multiple sclerosis diagnoses from age 20 years and hospital-diagnosed infections before age 20 years were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register. Risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis associated with various infections in adolescence (11–19 years) and earlier childhood (birth–10 years) was estimated using Cox regression, with adjustment for sex, parental socio-economic position, and infection type. None of the infections by age 10 years were associated with risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Any infection in adolescence increased the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.21–1.46) and remained statistically significant after exclusion of infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, and CNS infection (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.30). CNS infection in adolescence (excluding encephalomyelitis to avoid including acute disseminated encephalitis) increased the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.07). The increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis associated with viral infection in adolescence was largely explained by infectious mononucleosis. Bacterial infections in adolescence increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis, but the magnitude of risk reduced after excluding infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia and CNS infection (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.51). Respiratory infection in adolescence also increased risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.75), but was not statistically significant after excluding infectious mononucleosis and pneumonia. These findings suggest that a variety of serious infections in adolescence, including novel evidence for CNS infections, are risk factors for a subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis, further demonstrating adolescence is a critical period of susceptibility to environmental exposures that raise the risk of a multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Importantly, this increased risk cannot be entirely explained by infectious mononucleosis, pneumonia, or CNS infections.
The (Im)Possibility on Constructing Verifiable Random Functions
Authors: Cao Shujiao , Xue Rui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we further explore the properties of the verifiable random functions in both a black-box and a non-black-box manner. The results are mainly following two parts:
$\bullet $ Black-Box Barrier: It is set up for an impossibility result of black-box reduction from verifiable random functions to injective one-way functions and indistinguishability obfuscators, where the verifiable random functions are suggested to be domain-invariant (i.e. the support of the distribution of keys and the domain of the evaluation space are independent of the underlying building blocks). Our result illustrates how the non-domain-invariant constructions circumvent the black-box barriers for constructing verifiable random functions and sheds light on why it is so difficult to give a domain-invariant instantiation.
$\bullet $ Non-Black-Box Construction: On the other hand, the verifiable unpredictable functions are constructed from a given primitive by a non-black-box technique called the hitting-set generator. To show it's a somewhat useful technique for constructing the verifiable unpredictable functions, we further derive a limitation of the black-box barrier by proving the barrier still holds between the given primitive and verifiable unpredictable functions.
Our results not only analyse the properties of verifiable random functions theoretically, but also reveal the limitation of indistinguishability obfuscators in a black-box manner, and show the advantages by adopting non-black-box techniques.
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract gradient resulting from Takotsubo cardiomyopathy ameliorated by intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation: a case report
Authors: O’Brien Jim , Mahony Stephen , Byrne Roger J , Byrne Robert A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a variant of acute coronary syndrome with characteristic acute left ventricular apical ballooning. Uncommonly, there can be associated left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction causing cardiogenic shock refractory to inotropic support. The use of afterload-reducing mechanical support such as intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation is not routinely employed in instances of this kind.

Case summary
In our case report, we describe a 66-year-old female with acute Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and associated LVOT obstruction which failed to respond to high-dose dobutamine and whose clinical trajectory was worsened by fast atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. Within 24 h of admission, the patient had an IABP placed which rapidly improved her haemodynamics. Two days later, IABP was removed and within 6 days of admission, apical ballooning and LVOT obstruction had fully recovered.

Conclusion
We recommend early use of mechanical support with IABP counterpulsation to expedite recovery in patients with acute Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with associated LVOT obstruction.
Transition of May Measurement Month to an online hypertension awareness campaign in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shin Jinho , Lee Hae Young , Park Sungha , Sohn Il Suk , Kim Sun Ho , Pyun Wook Bum , Kim Kee-Sik , Cho Myeong-Chan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign to enhance hypertension awareness by intensive blood pressure measuring campaign during a month period of May. May Measurement Month 2020 was not officially executed globally, especially in light of COVID-19 pandemic. But in Korea, the MMM committee decided to carry on with self-initiated project to succeed MMM started in 2019 in Korea. And we adopted new online strategies for those with age of 18 or older under the MMM

Methods and results
Korea 2020 theme in Korean of ‘Look for the Young Hypertension’. A promotional video, a subtitled translated global promotional video, and four educational contents were uploaded on Youtube®. Seven online posters or card news were uploaded on main blog. And 71 articles by 60 websites from 10 medical media company were published. The MMM keyword exposure in Naver® portal Search Advertisements was 2500 searches per day. There were 3519 visits to the MMM blog, and 114 people participated in snapshot challenges. Four social network service channels were activated, and there was an increase in Facebook and Instagram followers of 6.5- and 5.8-fold, respectively. GoodDoc® application programming interface messages were sent 97876 times (2589 responses). For a user created contents contest, 28 competitors, mostly young, participated.

Conclusion
Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, the MMM campaign was able to survive using a ‘new normal’ online format. The shift to on-line activity during the pandemic will contribute to a breakthrough MMM campaign in the future that can be combined with off-line protocols even after the pandemic.
Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic characteristics of different duck breeds from the Guangxi region in China
Authors: Wang Ran , Sun Junli , Han Hu , Huang Yingfei , Chen Tao , Yang Manman , Wei Qiang , Wan Huofu , Liao Yuying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistinctive indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations of Guangxi, China, evolved due to the geographical, cultural, and environmental variability of this region. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the indigenous ducks of Guangxi, 78 individuals from eight populations were collected and sequenced by whole-genome resequencing with an average depth of ∼9.40×. The eight indigenous duck populations included four breeds and four resource populations. Moreover, the genome data of 47 individuals from two typical meat-type breeds and two native egg-type breeds were obtained from a public database. Calculation of heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity (π), Tajima’s D, and FST indicated that the Guangxi populations were characterized by higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than meat-type breeds. The highest diversity was observed in the Xilin-Ma ducks. Principal component, structure, and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the relationship between the indigenous duck populations of Guangxi. A mild degree of differentiation was observed among the Guangxi populations, although three populations were closer to the meat or egg breeds. Indigenous populations are famous for their special flavor, small body size, and slow growth rates. Selective sweep analysis revealed the candidate genes and pathways associated with these growth traits. Our findings provide a valuable source of information regarding genetic diversity, population conservation, and genome-associated breeding of ducks.