bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intralesional Candida antigen versus intralesional vitamin D3 in the treatment of recalcitrant multiple common warts
Authors: Abdel Razik Lamis Hosny , Obaid Zakaria Mahran , Fouda Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are various therapies available for recalcitrant common warts; however no specific therapy has been established as entirely effective.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional Candida antigen injection of vs. intralesional vitamin D3 injection in the treatment of multiple recalcitrant common warts.Patients and methodsA total of 80 adult patients with multiple common warts were randomly assigned to one of three groups in this study. Thirty patients were assigned to Group I, who received a 0.3 ml intralesional injection of Candida antigen. Thirty patients were assigned to Group II, who received a 0.6‐ml (60 000 IU) intralesional injection of vitamin D3. Twenty patients were in Group‐III, who received 0.3 ml of normal saline as a control. Each agent was injected at the base of largest wart every 3 weeks until full clearance has been obtained, or for a maximum of four sessions.ResultsIn the Candida antigen, vitamin D3, and saline groups, complete wart clearance was observed in 76.7 percent, 20%, and 0.0 percent, respectively. The side effects were negligible and transient, and there was no recurrence of the lesions.ConclusionIntralesional injection of Candida antigen is as a safe, simple, cost‐effective treatment modality for multiple recalcitrant common warts and it outperforms intralesional vitamin D3.
Approaches of male nurses for degendering nursing and becoming visible: A metasynthesis
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Ali Nizar , Sundus Amara , Sommer Jacoline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatient, nurse and public discrimination against male nurses is well‐documented. Male nurses encounter challenges in degendering nursing and becoming more visible nursing professionals. However, little is known about male nurses' decisions and strategies to address issues concerning gender‐based discrimination and professional visibility.AimsTo develop a comprehensive understanding of the approaches of male nurses to degender nursing and become more visible in the profession.MethodsA metasynthesis using the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search terms included ‘lived experiences’, ‘male nurses’, ‘clinical practice’, ‘male educators’ and ‘male nurse managers’. In total, 16 qualitative studies published from January 2005 to November 2020 were critically appraised and synthesised. Two authors independently extracted data using summary tables. Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis which entails generation of codes and development of descriptive and analytical themes.ResultsMale nurses used intrapersonal, interpersonal and strategic adaptation to degender nursing and becoming visible as a nursing professional. These approaches entailed goal‐directed behaviours, relationship‐building strategies and positive and negative manipulation of resources.DiscussionThe approaches to degender nursing enabled men to prove their worth as competent nursing professionals, lessen the gendered stigmatisation and receive autonomy and respect.ConclusionsDegendering the gendered stigmatisation of nursing and becoming a visible nursing professional is essential for male nurses to promote diversity in the profession. Male nurses used both negative and positive approaches to gain recognition, respect and autonomy. They continued their struggles to promote the role of men as nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNursing institutions and regulatory bodies could use the findings to develop conducive environments to degender nursing and increase male nurses' visibility. Future male nurses could use the identified positive approaches and tailor them to meet their needs to become more visible and competent nursing professionals.
Adjuvant carboplatin for treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: Retrospective evaluation of 18 cases (2011‐2016) and comparison with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Faulhaber Erica A. , Janik Emily , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDoxorubicin‐based chemotherapy after splenectomy remains the standard of care for hemangiosarcoma in dogs, but prognosis is generally poor.Hypothesis/objectivesTo determine clinical outcome with carboplatin chemotherapy after splenectomy compared to doxorubicin‐based protocols. A secondary objective was to determine if peripheral monocyte count was associated with prognosis.AnimalsMedical data from 40 dogs with histopathologically confirmed stage I or II hemangiosarcoma treated with splenectomy and carboplatin (n = 18) or doxorubicin‐based protocols (n = 22) were evaluated.MethodsRetrospective study. Statistical associations were assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method for survival times and log rank analysis for differences in survival time. Demographic information and survival times were obtained via medical records. Blood monocyte counts before and after surgery were documented.ResultsMedian survival times were 160 days (48 to >559) and 139 days (54‐975), for dogs in the carboplatin (n = 18) and doxorubicin (n = 22) groups respectively (P = .82, hazards ratio [HR] [95% CI] = 1.075 [0.56‐2.07]). The median survival time for dogs whose monocyte counts decreased between splenectomy and chemotherapy initiation was 265 days, compared to 66 days for dogs with increased monocytes (P = .002, HR [95% CI] = 4.17 [1.21‐14.39]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCarboplatin could be considered as an alternative in cases where doxorubicin might be contraindicated. Increasing postoperative peripheral monocyte counts might be associated with a poorer prognosis.
Congenital dyserythropoiesis and polymyopathy without cardiac disease in male Labrador retriever littermates
Authors: Thomas‐Hollands Alison , Shelton G. Diane , Guo Ling T. , Loughran Kerry , Kaiman Gregory , A. Hutton Tabitha , Walsh Koranda A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTwo Labrador retriever littermates were identified based on incidentally noted marked microcytosis and inappropriate metarubricytosis. Muscle atrophy was noted and associated with distinctive pathological findings in biopsy samples from 1 dog studied. The disorder represents a rare clinical entity of suspected congenital dyserythropoiesis and polymyopathy. Clinicopathologic changes were similar to a previously reported syndrome of congenital dyserythropoiesis, congenital polymyopathy, and cardiac disease in 3 related English Springer Spaniel (ESS) dogs, but the dogs reported here did not have apparent cardiac disease.InterventionsBone marrow aspiration, electromyography, muscle biopsies, and an echocardiogram were performed on dog 1. Results supported dyserythropoiesis and congenital polymyopathy similar to reports in ESS dogs, but did not identify obvious cardiac disease.ConclusionThe clinicopathologic changes of dyserythropoiesis and polymyopathy provide an easily recognizable phenotype for what appears to be a low morbidity syndrome. Early recognition may decrease unnecessary testing or euthanasia.
Species identification, antifungal susceptibility profiles and biofilm formation attributes of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections
Authors: Ahmed Nishat Hussain , Xess Immaculata , Singh Gagandeep , Satpathy Gita , Sharma Namrata , Agarwal Tushar , Hussain Tabish , Chawla Rohan , Tandon Radhika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMembers of genus Rhodotorula are widely distributed in nature and have been traditionally considered non‐pathogenic. Last few decades have seen the yeast as an emerging pathogen. We observed increase in numbers of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections in last few years, thus this prospective study was planned.Objectives

To identify the species of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections.

To know the antifungal susceptibilities and study the biofilm formation attributes of the isolates.

Materials and MethodsRhodotorula isolates were speciated using conventional methods, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionisation – Time of Flight (MALDI‐ TOF) and sequencing of ITS region of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was done using disc diffusion and E‐test. Biofilm formation was studied using XTT [2,3‐bis (2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfo‐phenyl)‐2H‐tetra‐zolium‐5‐carboxanilide] assay.ResultsTwenty four isolates (92.3%) were identified as R. mucilaginosa and two as R. Minuta. AFST showed high MICs against Fluconazole, Amphotericin‐B, Caspofungin, Micafungin and Flucytosine; MIC distribution from low to very high against Voriconazole, Itraconazole and Natamycin; and very low MICs against Posaconazole 57.7% of isolates were strong biofilm producers, 23.1% were moderate, and 19.2% were non producers.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study on species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production attributes of Rhodotorula isolates from ocular infections; also first time demonstrating the utility of proteomics based MALDI‐TOF in diagnosing Rhodotorula up to species level. The study has shown high MICs against the conventional azoles, Amphotericin‐B and Flucytosine. However, low MICs against Posaconazole and Natamycin give a hope for their possible therapeutic use.
A triple threat: the Parastagonospora nodorum SnTox267 effector exploits three distinct host genetic factors to cause disease in wheat
Authors: Richards Jonathan K. , Kariyawasam Gayan K. , Seneviratne Sudeshi , Wyatt Nathan A. , Xu Steven S. , Liu Zhaohui , Faris Justin D. , Friesen Timothy L. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Parastagonospora nodorum is a fungal pathogen of wheat. As a necrotrophic specialist, it deploys effector proteins that target dominant host susceptibility genes to elicit programmed cell death (PCD). Here we identify and functionally validate the effector targeting the host susceptibility genes Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7.

We utilized whole‐genome sequencing, association mapping, gene‐disrupted mutants, gain‐of‐function transformants, virulence assays, bioinformatics and quantitative PCR to characterize these interactions.

A single proteinaceous effector, SnTox267, targeted Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7 to trigger PCD. Snn2 and Snn6 functioned cooperatively to trigger PCD in a light‐dependent pathway, whereas Snn7‐mediated PCD functioned in a light‐independent pathway. Isolates harboring 20 SnTox267 protein isoforms quantitatively varied in virulence. The diversity and distribution of isoforms varied between populations, indicating adaptation to local selection pressures. SnTox267 deletion resulted in the upregulation of effector genes SnToxA, SnTox1 and SnTox3.

We validated a novel effector operating in an inverse‐gene‐for‐gene manner to target three genetically distinct host susceptibility genes and elicit PCD. The discovery of the complementary gene action of Snn2 and Snn6 indicates their potential function in a guard or decoy model. Additionally, differences in light dependency in the elicited pathways and upregulation of unlinked effectors sheds new light onto a complex fungal necrotroph–host interaction.
VISITING PALAEOLITHIC ART – EXPLORATIONS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN CUEVA DE LAS MONEDAS, SPAIN
Authors: García‐Diez Marcos , Smith Peter , Muñoz Emilio , Garrido Daniel , Ibero Álvaro , López‐Calle Paula , Ochoa Blanca 
Published: July 2021

SummaryNumerical chronology is one of the main sources of information by which one may contextualize prehistoric human activity more precisely. It is able to discriminate between different times of visits to caves and determine the period with which each form of evidence should be associated and the relationships between them. The application of conventional 14C and 14C‐AMS has dated visits to the Palaeolithic cave art site of Las Monedas during historical times. The results underscore the caution that is needed when dating a cave art ensemble based on an undated archaeological context or attributing all the graphic activity to a single time.
Race among equals? An inquiry into the segmentation of Indian labor market
Authors: Sheikh Rayees Ahmad , Gaurav Sarthak , Mishra Trupti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhether identical workers are treated homogeneously in different sectors indicates how segmented labor markets are. In this study, we test for segmentation in the Indian labor market by using unit‐level data from two rounds of nationally representative data each round comprising of nearly half a million individuals for the period 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. We use the finite mixture model (FMM) estimation and correct for selection bias to find the existence of two segments of considerable size in informal sector. We identify statistically different latent segments without a priori definition of the segments. Workers in the upper segment of informal employment receive higher returns to education and skills relative to those in the lower segment. Women earn less than men in both segments of informal and formal employment. The gender–wage disparity, however, is less pronounced in the lower segment of informal employment. Furthermore, we estimate the size of involuntary informal employment to be more than 40% of the entire informal employment. Our findings on unobserved heterogeneity suggest the need to rethink about binaries in the labor market as ideas of formal and informal employment lose relevance when multiple latent segments coexist. The study has potential implications for design of labor policies, skilli development programs, and labor legislation.
Cost into Benefit
Authors: Siegel R.P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Carbon capture has received a lot of attention as a climate change-fighting tool. If private companies can find a way to make profitable products from captured carbon, then free enterprise will leverage the marketplace toward climate action instead of against it. Proposed uses have been emerging across a vast array of products and materials, whether in new ways to make traditional materials or in entirely new materials and products.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Precursor Composition on the Microstructure of Gallium Nitride Thin Films Grown by the MOCVD Process
Authors: Jumaah Omar Dhannoon , Jaluria Yogesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used manufacturing process for obtaining thin films of materials like silicon, silicon carbide, graphene, and gallium nitride that are employed in the fabrication of electronic and optical devices. Gallium nitride (GaN) thin films are attractive materials for manufacturing optoelectronic device applications due to their wide band gap and superb optoelectronic performance. The reliability and durability of the devices depend on the quality of the thin films. The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process, which uses compounds that contain metals and organic ligands as precursors in a CVD reactor, is a common technique used to fabricate high-quality GaN thin films. The deposition rate and uniformity of thin films are critical to a successful and useful process. These are determined by the thermal transport processes and chemical reactions occurring in the reactor, and are manipulated by controlling the operating conditions and the reactor geometrical configuration. In this study, the epitaxial growth of GaN thin films on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates is carried out in two commercial MOCVD systems: a vertical rotating disk MOCVD reactor and a close-coupled showerhead MOCVD reactor. The surface morphology and crystal quality of GaN thin films have been examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). This paper focuses on the composition of the precursor and the carrier gases since earlier studies have shown the importance of precursor composition. The results show that the flow rate of trimethylgallium (TMG), which is the main ingredient in the process, has a significant effect on the deposition rate and uniformity of the films. Also, the carrier gas plays an important role in deposition rate and uniformity. Using hydrogen as a carrier gas enhances the quality of the thin film but a lower deposition rate occurs on the wafer surface. On the other hand, a high flow rate of pure nitrogen gas improves the growth rate of the film. However, it decreases the uniformity of the film and promotes carbon contamination on the wafer surface. Thus, the use of an appropriate mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen as the carrier gas can improve the deposition rate and quality of GaN thin films.
Heat Transfer Measurement in a Rectangular Channel of Solar Air Heater With Winglet-Type Ribs Using Liquid Crystal Thermography
Authors: Kumar Amit , Layek Apurba 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the study of heat transfer in solar air heater consisting of winglet-shaped roughness on the absorber plate using liquid crystal thermography technique. The winglet-type roughness element was placed on the absorber surface of a rectangular channel solar air heater having an aspect ratio of 4. The absorber surface was heated uniformly by a constant heat flux of 800 W/m2. The non-dimensional roughness parameter considered was relative roughness pitch, i.e., P/e, and its values range between 5 and 12 with Reynolds number (Re) ranges between 6500 and 22,000. The value of angle of attack, i.e., alpha and relative roughness width (W/w) was kept constant, and the relative roughness pitch was varied to measure the heat transfer coefficient. The enhancement in heat transfer has been compared, and it is observed that at P/e of 8 for angle of attack (α) of 60 degrees resulting its optimum value. The enhancement of heat transfer with the increase in Reynolds number is also noted.
Anxiety and depression in inflammatory eye disease: exploring the potential impact of topical treatment frequency as a putative psychometric item
Authors: Vakros Georgios , Scollo Paolo , Hodson James , Murray Philip I , Rauz Saaeha 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether topical therapy is linked to scores related to anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory eye disease (IED).Methods and analysisPatients with ocular surface disease (OSD, N=100) and Uveitis (N=100) completed self-administered validated questions on ocular symptoms and well-being, with supplemental questions on eye drop frequency.ResultsForty (20%) patients had scores consistent with depression and 33 (17%) anxiety. Anxiety, depression, QoL and OSD index (OSDI) scores did not differ significantly between OSD and Uveitis groups. In those with anxiety or depression, QoL was significantly reduced in all WHO Quality Of Life-BREF domains (all p<0.001). Multivariable analysis considering demographic and disease-related factors found daily topical drop frequency to be independently associated with anxiety (p=0.009) but not depression (p=0.300).ConclusionA high proportion of patients with IED demonstrated scores indicativeofanxiety and depression. Preliminary evidence suggests that the frequency of topical eye drops potentially plays a significant role in the psychological health status of patients with IED .
The $${\varvec{\Lambda (1405)}}$$ in resummed chiral effective field theory
Authors: Ren Xiu-Lei , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the unitarized meson–baryon scattering amplitude at leading order in the strangeness$$S=-1$$S=-1sector using time-ordered perturbation theory for a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of chiral effective field theory. By solving the coupled-channel integral equations with the full off-shell dependence of the effective potential and applying subtractive renormalization, we analyze the renormalized scattering amplitudes and obtain the two-pole structure of the$$\Lambda (1405)$$Λ(1405)resonance. We also point out the necessity of including higher-order terms.
Testing the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for a Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Shaymatov Sanjar , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Jamil Mubasher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we test the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) for the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RN-dS) black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We consider a spherically symmetric perturbation on deriving linear and non-linear order perturbation inequalities by applying a new version of gedanken experiments well accepted from the work of Sorce and Wald. Contrary to the well-known result that the Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole could be overcharged under linear order particle accretion it is hereby shown that the same black hole in perfect fluid dark matter with cosmological parameter cannot be overcharged. Considering a realistic scenario in which black holes cannot be considered to be in vacuum we investigate the contribution of dark matter and cosmological constant in the overcharging process of an electrically charged black hole. We demonstrate that the black hole can be overcharged only when two fields induced by dark matter and cosmological parameter are completely balanced. Further we present a remarkable result that a black hole cannot be overcharged beyond a certain threshold limit for which the effect arising from the cosmological constant dominates over the effect by the perfect fluid dark matter. Thus even for a linear accretion process, the black hole cannot always be overcharged and hence obeys the WCCC in general. This result would continue to be fulfilled for non-linear order accretion.
Probabilistic analysis of random nonlinear oscillators subject to small perturbations via probability density functions: theory and computing
Authors: Cortés Juan-Carlos , López-Navarro Elena , Romero José-Vicente , Roselló María-Dolores 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a class of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators whose restoring function is affected by small nonlinearities and excited by stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. We obtain, via the stochastic perturbation technique, approximations of the main statistics of the steady state, which is a random variable, including the first moments, and the correlation and power spectral functions. Additionally, we combine this key information with the principle of maximum entropy to construct approximations of the probability density function of the steady state. We include two numerical examples where the advantages and limitations of the stochastic perturbation method are discussed with regard to certain general properties that must be preserved.