bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction of Pt(111)
Authors: Erlebacher J. , Kubal J. , Zeng Z. , Greeley J. , Struk K. , Steinbach A. J. 
Published: November 2021

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of electrochemical oxidation and reduction are presented that match many features of the experimentally observed electrochemical and morphological response of Pt(111). Included in the simulation are all relevant microscopic transitions, including the formation of Pt-OH and Pt-O from Pt, surface diffusion of all three species, as well as an effective place exchange diffusion at high potential. A detailed description of this approach to modeling such a complex surface is also presented. Overall, it is found that many features of the Pt(111) CV, including hydroxylation, hysteresis, and surface roughening, can be correlated to events associated with n-coordinated surface species, such as the hydroxylation wave corresponding to a one-electron oxidation of 9-coordinated terrace sites. Oxidation to Pt-O species at potentials above 1.0 V are shown to correlate to the presence of growing surface roughness, and the simulations suggest the onset of Pt-O formation in steady-state cyclic voltammetry is dominated by the oxidation of 8-coordinated step edges rather than terrace sites. Implications for the stability of Pt(111) catalysts after thousands of voltammetric cycles are discussed.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Budesonide Combined with Pulmonary Surfactants on the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Pulmonary Ultrasonography
Authors: Zhang Chuanlong 
Published: November 2021

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the value of lung ultrasound images in evaluating the efficacy of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in premature infants. Methods. 76 NRDS premature infants admitted to the hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 38 children in each group. The premature infants in control group underwent PS, and those in experimental group underwent budesonide combined with PS. After treatment, lung ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate the curative effect, and X-ray results were used as a reference. The changes in clinical signs of two groups were detected, and the pulmonary ultrasound was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two groups. The changes in the lung ultrasound score (LUS) and arterial blood gas (ABG) indexes of two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results. LUS and improvement of patients of experimental group were obviously higher than those of the control group after treatment. LUS of experimental group was 12.1 ± 3.7, and that of control group was 18.2 ± 2.3, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). The arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) levels of two groups of patients increased dramatically after treatment. PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 levels of experimental group were 65.59 ± 12.46 mmHg and 112.57 ± 19.3 mmHg, and those of control group were 45.12 ± 11.21 mmHg and 101.28 ± 21.36 mmHg, respectively. However, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level was significantly decreased in two groups after treatment. PaCO2 level of experimental group was 40.24 ± 8.92 mmHg, and that of control group was 41.22 ± 9.24 mmHg, respectively (

P

< 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound images in two groups was 95.3% and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusion. Pulmonary ultrasonography showed a high diagnostic accuracy in evaluating the efficacy of budesonide combined with PS in the treatment of NRDS in premature infants. It can evaluate the cardiopulmonary function of premature infants with NRDS and effectively improve the respiratory status of premature infants. In conclusion, this study provided some reference value for upgrading the clinical treatment of NRDS in premature infants.
Multi-Indicator Intelligent Monitoring of Clinical Observations to Reduce Cesarean Section
Authors: Xie Shasha , Dong Wei , Liu Yeting , Gao Haixiao , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2021

In order to analyze multi-index monitoring and the effect of reducing cesarean section, this paper selects March 2018 and March 2019 in two obstetrics and gynecology hospitals, referred to as hospital A and hospital B. As research objects, 313 pregnant women were divided into multi-index group and conventional group, while analyzing various indicators of each group of cesarean collection. The results show that the total CNAXE rate was 48.10% and 39.29%, respectively, for 2018 and 2019, respectively, and the cesarean section of the conventional group was 65.75% and 63.64%. By contrasting data of multi-index group and conventional group, hospital B differences were significant (

P

< 0.05), and hospital A difference was extremely significant (

P

< 0.01). In Cesarean section, obstetric sectors can help maternal treatment strategies by monitoring a series of related indicators for maternal to reduce Cesarean section and improve prognosis.
Effects of proprioceptive training for people with stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Apriliyasari Renny Wulan , Van Truong Pham , Tsai Pei-Shan 
Published: November 2021

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive training on balance performance, trunk control, and gait speed in people with stroke. Methods We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, Embase, and Medline for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of proprioceptive training for patients with stroke from the date of each database's inception to July 26, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of potentially eligible articles that were identified on the basis of the search criteria. Methodological quality was determined using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The treatment effect was estimated by calculating Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed according to the I2 value. The primary outcome was balance performance and secondary outcomes were trunk control, gait speed, and basic functional mobility. Results In total, 17 trials involving 447 people with stroke were included. Proprioceptive training had a significant effect on balance performance (Hedges’ g = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.36–1.01), gait speed (Hedges’ g = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.19–0.94), trunk control (Hedges’ g = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.33–1.17), and basic functional mobility (Hedges’ g = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.31–0.94) among people with stroke. Conclusion Proprioceptive training may be effective in improving balance performance, gait speed, trunk control, and basic functional mobility among people with stroke.
PACAP38- and VIP-induced cluster headache attacks are not associated with changes of plasma CGRP or markers of mast cell activation
Authors: Pellesi Lanfranco , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Vollesen Anne Luise Haulund , Snoer Agneta Henriette , Baumann Katrine , Skov Per Stahl , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Ashina Messoud 
Published: November 2021

Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide can provoke cluster headache attacks in up to half of cluster headache patients in their active phase. At present, it is unknown whether provoked attacks are mediated via calcitonin gene-related peptide or mast cell activation. Methods All enrolled patients with cluster headache were randomly allocated to receive a continuous infusion of either PACAP38 (10 pmol/kg/min) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (8 pmol/kg/min) over 20 min. We collected clinical data and measured plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide and markers of mast cell activation (tryptase and histamine) at fixed time points: at baseline (T0), at the end of the infusion (T20), 10 min after the infusion (T30), and 70 min after the infusion (T90). Results Blood was collected from episodic cluster headache patients in active phase (n = 14), episodic cluster headache patients in remission (n = 15), and chronic cluster headache patients (n = 15). At baseline, plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide, tryptase, and histamine were not different among the three study groups. Plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide ( p = 0.7074), tryptase ( p = 0.6673), or histamine ( p = 0.4792) remained unchanged during provoked attacks compared to attack-free patients. Conclusion Cluster headache attacks provoked by either PACAP38 or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were not accompanied by alterations of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide, tryptase or histamine. The provoked attacks may not be mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide or mast cell activation. Trial Registration: The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03814226).
Diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension - the importance of excluding secondary causes: A systematic review
Authors: Kilic Kubra , Korsbæk Johanne Juhl , Jensen Rigmor H , Cvetkovic Vlasta Vukovic 
Published: November 2021

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without any pathological findings on neuroimaging, except for signs of high intracranial pressure. Before diagnosing idiopathic intracranial hypertension secondary causes of increased intracranial pressure should be excluded. Objective to characterize the phenotype of patients with secondary intracranial hypertension and to identify possible risk factors for secondary intracranial hypertension. Methods We have systematically searched the PubMed database. The publications were analyzed according to the patient phenotype, age, gender, comorbidities, body mass index/weight status, and additional medication. The results are summarized in four categories: medication, infection, hormonal induced intracranial hypertension and miscellaneous groups of diseases related to sIH. Results We identified 105 eligible papers which included 272 cases. There were 49.6% pediatric cases. Among the adult group,70.9% were women. A total of 40.4% of all cases were obese or overweight, 27% among adults and 13.4% among pediatric cases. Increased BMI and recent weight gain, anemia, renal diseases and hypertension were the most frequent comorbidities related to sIH. Conclusion Among sIH patients, 40.4% were obese or overweight; two thirds were women. We recommend that even patients with a typical IIH phenotype should be screened for secondary causes.
Relationship Between Personality Measures and Perceived Mental Fatigability
Authors: Allen Hannah L. , Gmelin Theresa , Moored Kyle D. , Boudreau Robert M. , Smagula Stephen F. , Cohen Rebecca W. , Katz Rain , Stone Katie , Cauley Jane A. , Glynn Nancy W. ,   and for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Research Group
Published: November 2021

Objective Examine the association between personality measures and perceived mental fatigability. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in N=1670 men, age 84.3±4.1 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the covariate adjusted association between personality measures (conscientiousness, optimism, goal reengagement, and goal disengagement) and perceived mental fatigability (measured with the validated 10-item Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale, PFS). Results One standard deviation lower conscientiousness (β=−0.91, p<.0001) and optimism (β=−0.63, p<.0001), and higher goal reengagement (β=0.51, p=.01) scores were independently associated with higher PFS Mental scores adjusted for age, cognitive function, self-reported health status, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, physical activity, and goal disengagement. Discussion Lower conscientiousness, optimism, and higher goal reengagement were linked with more severe perceived mental fatigability in older men. Personality traits may potentially contribute to early risk assessment for fatigability in later life. Future work should be longitudinal in nature and include personality assessments to confirm the temporality of the relationships observed.
The electrical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and shape factor impacts in a mixture fluid suspended by hybrid nanoparticles between non-parallel plates
Authors: Khentout Abdelkader , Kezzar Mohamed , Sari Mohamed R. , Ismail Tabet , Tich Tich Mustapha S. , Boutelba Sara , Eid Mohamed R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract In this research work, we introduce the influences of the shape of nanoparticles and joule heating in the hydromagnetic flow of hybrid nanofluids between non-parallel plates. A mixture base fluid (H2O (50%)-C2H6O2 (50%)), a hybrid nanofluid containing hybrid nanoparticles (graphene oxide-molybdenum disulfide, GO-MoS2) as nanoparticles, is considered. The non-linear governing equations are reduced into ordinary-differential equations (ODEs) by similarity transformations. The non-linear ordinary-differential equation (ODE) is solved numerically utilizing 4th–5th order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF-45) with a shooting method and analytically using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of the rarefaction parameter, Reynolds number, channel angle, Hartmann number, electric field parameter, and the shape of nanoparticles on fluid velocity and skin friction are discussed and presented in a graphical form. Also, the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) are confirmed by numerical tests and presented graphically coupled with detailed discussions.
The effect of computerisation on the wage share in United Kingdom workplaces
Authors: Pensiero Nicola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis historical paper analyses the distributional consequences of computerisation on the wage share of income in United Kingdom (UK) workplaces in the first decade of this century. The reasons why computerisation might increase a firm’s income but reduce the share assigned to wages are still not well understood. The uniquely rich Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) 2004–2011 includes firm-level measures of the main production inputs and outputs, and thus allows an analysis of the main mechanisms through which increased computer usage influenced the wage share of income in UK workplaces over this period. This analysis shows that the proportion of employees using computers impacted the wage share in ways that were at odds with two mainstream views: that computers complement capital, and that labour can be easily replaced by capital. The results show that the proportion of employees using computers reduced the wage share by disproportionally increasing the productivity of the least skilled employees, who were not proportionally compensated for their increase in productivity. The stability of the wage share, over the period of interest, is explained by the rise in a workplace’s share of professional employees and by a rise in work effort. This positive contribution to the wage share was counteracted by an increased share of employees using computers and by a reduction in the share of employees whose pay was negotiated by unions, thereby contributing to a decline in the wage share of firm income.
New laws that prohibit conversion therapy pose no material risk to evidence-based and clinically appropriate practice
Authors: Ryan Christopher J , Callaghan Sascha 
Published: November 2021

Objective To examine the extent to which the Sexuality and Gender Identity Conversion Practices Act 2020 (ACT) and Change or Suppression (Conversion) Practices Prohibition Act 2021 (Vic) might pose a risk to evidence-based and clinically appropriate practice. Method Using a recent publication by Parkinson and Morris as a starting point, the provisions of the new legislation are carefully examined. Results The ACT and Victorian laws do not imperil psychiatrists undertaking evidence-based and clinically appropriate practice. Conclusions While it may be wise for psychiatrists to abandon this area of practice if they hold strong personal beliefs that the failure to identify with one’s natal gender is morally wrong, nothing in the new laws should deter psychiatrists from providing people with gender dysphoria with evidence-based and clinically appropriate care.
Hispanic parental perceptions about telemedicine: Potential targets for interventions to improve access to care
Authors: Chuang Ethan G , Cruz Rusvelda , Agarwal Riya , Huang Jeannie S 
Published: November 2021

Introduction One benefit of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the growth and expansion of telemedicine capabilities with the potential to improve access to healthcare in the face of social isolation mandates. However, adoption of telemedicine has been suboptimal in the Hispanic community and data has been sparse regarding Hispanic experiences with and opinions regarding telemedicine. Methods To gather feedback regarding telemedicine and to identify potential barriers to telemedicine use in the Hispanic community, we performed semi-structured interviews about telemedicine experiences among both Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents who had performed both in-person and at least one telemedicine visit for their child at our institution. Mixed methods were utilized to analyze interview responses. Results and Discussion Overall, Hispanic parents overwhelmingly preferred in-person to telemedicine encounters as compared with non-Hispanic parents. Targets were identified to improve the use of telemedicine and to potentially improve access to healthcare in the Hispanic community.
Contextual risk and psychosocial profiles of opioid-using mothers: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Beltrán-Arzate Karina , Hodson Kevin , Tes Haley K , Bowyer Sarah-Anne H , Ratliff Hollis C , Abraham Michael M , Johnson Elizabeth , Harris Malinda , Jaekel Julia 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: There is an increase in cases of mothers using opioids during pregnancy in the United States but research investigating mothers’ psychosocial environments along with individual variability among this high-risk group of women is scarce. Methods: This mixed-methods study aims to examine the complex interplay of contextual risks and experiences of opioid-using mothers. A sample of 50 opioid-using biological mothers of infants diagnosed with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) were studied using a set of standardized and open-ended questions, along with medical records extraction. Results: A high-risk subgroup of 36 mothers was identified using cluster analysis, characterized by a distinct profile of psychosocial risk. Thematic content analysis revealed four themes: (1) barriers to communication and mistrust of health professionals, (2) limitations of access to health care and the amplification of disadvantages related to COVID-19, (3) lifelong consequences of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and (4) intimate partner violence and its influence on drug use. Conclusion: Our findings highlight important information toward health services provision for opioid-using women of childbearing age. Efforts to reduce opioid usage in mothers need to consider psychosocial and contextual risks.
Radiomics-based prediction of hemorrhage expansion among patients with thrombolysis/thrombectomy related-hemorrhagic transformation using machine learning
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Tao Wendan , Wang Zhetao , Chen Xinyue , Wu Bo , Liu Ming 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patients with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were reported to have hemorrhage expansion. However, identification these patients with high risk of hemorrhage expansion has not been well studied. Objectives: We aimed to develop a radiomic score to predict hemorrhage expansion after HT among patients treated with thrombolysis/thrombectomy during acute phase of ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 104 patients with HT after reperfusion treatment from the West China hospital, Sichuan University, were retrospectively included in this study between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020. The preprocessed initial non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) imaging brain images were used for radiomic feature extraction. A synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) was applied to the original data set. The after-SMOTE data set was randomly split into training and testing cohorts with an 8:2 ratio by a stratified random sampling method. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied to identify candidate radiomic features and construct the radiomic score. The performance of the score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and a calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical value of the model. Results: Among the 104 patients, 17 patients were identified with hemorrhage expansion after HT detection. A total of 154 candidate predictors were extracted from NECT images and five optimal features were ultimately included in the development of the radiomic score by using logistic regression machine-learning approach. The radiomic score showed good performance with high area under the curves in both the training data set (0.91, sensitivity: 0.83; specificity: 0.89), test data set (0.87, sensitivity: 0.60; specificity: 0.85), and original data set (0.82, sensitivity: 0.77; specificity: 0.78). The calibration curve and DCA also indicated that there was a high accuracy and clinical usefulness of the radiomic score for hemorrhage expansion prediction after HT. Conclusions: The currently established NECT-based radiomic score is valuable in predicting hemorrhage expansion after HT among patients treated with reperfusion treatment after ischemic stroke, which may aid clinicians in determining patients with HT who are most likely to benefit from anti-expansion treatment.
Radiosynovectomy in routine care: an old tool with modern applications
Authors: Caballero Motta Liz R. , Anzola Alfaro Ana M. , Janta Iustina , Molina Collada Juan , Henao Yulieth Katherine , Pérez Pascual Rebeca , Álvaro-Gracia José María , Nieto-González Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Radiosynovectomy can be an effective treatment for difficult-to-treat monoarthritis resistant to systemic and local standard therapy. The objective of our study was to determine predictors of good response to radiosynovectomy in routine care and give an overview of this underused technique. Methods: Retrospective observational study of all the patients who underwent radiosynovectomy during a 6-year inclusion period. All the procedures were ultrasound guided and the radiopharmaceutical used was chosen according to joint size. The patient was considered to have an effective response to radiosynovectomy if the attending physician reported a positive outcome and there was no need to increase local and or systemic treatment due to arthritis in the affected joint during the next 12 months following the procedure. Results: We included 67 patients who underwent radiosynovectomy in the knee (73.1%), wrist (16.4%), and elbow (10.5%). Overall, 44 (65.7%) procedures were considered effective. In the multivariate analysis, infiltration of wrists (odds ratio = 0.192; confidence interval = 0.046–0.79) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (odds ratio = 0.13; confidence interval = 0.021–0.82) were independently associated with a noneffective response. No patients experienced complications associated with radiosynovectomy during follow-up. Conclusion: Infiltrations of wrists with joint damage seem less likely to have a response to radiosynovectomy. In pigmented villonodular synovitis, radiosynovectomy as an adjuvant therapy for relapse might not be effective when performed more than 6 months after surgery. Overall, radiosynovectomy is an effective and safe treatment for persistent monoarthritis.