bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of facial tissue stresses under medical devices post application of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant: An integrated experimental‐computational study
Authors: Margi Raz , Gefen Amit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedical device‐related pressure ulcers (PUs) (injuries) are a subclass of PUs, associated with pressure and/or shear applied by a medical device onto the skin. Clinical application of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant (CLSP) under the contours of skin‐contacting medical devices to shield an intact skin from the sustained mechanical loads that are applied by medical devices is a preventative option, but no computer modelling work has been reported to assess the biomechanical efficacy of such interventions. Here, we investigated the biomechanical protective effect of a polymerised cyanoacrylate coating using three‐dimensional, anatomically realistic finite element models of the ear with oxygen cannula and the mouth with endotracheal attachment device, informed by experimental studies. We have compared tissue stress exposures under the devices at these facial sites between conditions where the cyanoacrylate skin protectant has been applied or where the device was contacting the skin directly, without the shielding of the cyanoacrylate coating. The CLSP considerably reduced the skin stress concentration levels and overall tissue stress exposures under the aforementioned medical devices. This demonstrates strong biomechanical effectiveness of the studied cyanoacrylate‐based skin protectant in prevention of facial medical device‐related injuries at small, curved and thereby difficult to protect facial sites.
Making the planet green again: The interplay of attitudes and group norms in the conversion to organic farming
Authors: Khamzina Kamilla , Huet Sylvie , Deffuant Guillaume , Streith Michel , Guimond Serge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAttitudes and social norms are key social psychological concepts that have often been considered as independent determinants of human behavior. However, questions about the interplay between the two are somewhat of a blind spot in social psychology. In the present research, we test the hypothesis that when an important change in norms is involved, behavioral intentions will be shaped by a discrepancy between personal attitudes and the perceived group norm, that is the perception of other group members’ attitudes. This proposition is tested and supported across three studies in a context of the conversion to organic farming, a behavior indicative of a significant societal and behavioral change. Farmers who did convert to organic farming were those who perceive other farmers to hold less positive attitudes toward this environmentally‐friendly practice compared to their own (Study 1a & 1b, N = 1,023). Among conventional farmers, the intention to convert to organic farming is also predicted by a discrepancy between personal attitudes and the perceived group norm (Study 1b). Finally, among agricultural colleges’ students (Study 2, N = 280), the intention to become an organic farmer was influenced by an interaction between attitudes and perceived group norm and not only by independent effects of these two variables. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for a better understanding of behavioral adaptation in times of social change are discussed.
Measuring systematic risk from managerial organization capital
Authors: Yildirim Alev , Allen Linda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganization capital (OC) constitutes a firm's unique, hard‐to‐mimic, hard‐to‐transfer culture, internal knowledge and language, policies and procedures, growth opportunities and information technology, brand name and any other aspects that are not directly related to the production process. In order to disentangle value enhancement from agency costs inherent in the OC, we calibrate systematic risk premiums from the loss of managerial OC rents by decomposing OC into: (1) portable economic rents in the form of disclosed executive compensation and (2) a strategic component that comprised undisclosed, non‐portable OC rents mixed with agency costs. Shareholders in firms with high strategic component (not the portable component) earn an annual systematic risk premium of 4.6%. Disclosures revealing the breakdown between OC and agency costs in the strategic component (earnings surprises, managerial obfuscation and stock mispricing) as well as corporate governance eliminate this risk premium by revealing the OC rents in strategic component and increasing OC portability.
Hydrogen gas inhalation ameliorates cardiac remodelling and fibrosis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome in myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Nie Chaoqun , Zou Rentong , Pan Shuang , A Rong , Gao Yunan , Yang Hongxiao , Bai Juncai , Xi Shuiqing , Wang Xue , Hong Xiaojian , Yang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is noteworthy that prolonged cardiac structural changes and excessive fibrosis caused by myocardial infarction (MI) seriously interfere with the treatment of heart failure in clinical practice. Currently, there are no effective and practical means of either prevention or treatment. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are critical for the long‐term quality of life of individuals with myocardial ischaemia. Herein, we aimed to explore the protective effect of H2, a novel gas signal molecule with anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammatory effects, on cardiac remodelling and fibrosis in MI rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. First, we successfully established MI model rats, which were then exposed to H2 inhalation with 2% concentration for 28 days (3 hours/day). The results showed that hydrogen gas can significantly improve cardiac function and reduce the area of cardiac fibrosis. In vitro experiments further proved that H2 can reduce the hypoxia‐induced damage to cardiomyocytes and alleviate angiotensin II‐induced migration and activation of cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, herein, we illustrated for the first time that inhalation of H2 ameliorates myocardial infarction‐induced cardiac remodelling and fibrosis in MI rats and exert its protective effect mainly through inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis.
Cognitive, psychosocial, and behaviour gains at age 31 years from the Jamaica early childhood stimulation trial
Authors: Walker Susan P. , Chang Susan M. , Wright Amika S. , Pinto Rodrigo , Heckman James J. , Grantham‐McGregor Sally M. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThere is little evidence on adult benefits from early childhood interventions in low and middle‐income countries. We assessed adult cognition, psychosocial skills and behaviour from a stimulation trial conducted in Jamaica.MethodsChildren with stunted growth (height‐for age <−2SD of references) aged 9–24 months were enrolled in a two‐year randomised‐controlled trial of nutritional supplementation and/or stimulation. At mean age 31.79 (SD 0.40) years, 95 of 127 participants (74.8%; 53.7% male) were assessed. Children without stunted growth were also followed as a comparison group (64 of 84 participants, 76.2%). Measurements included IQ, executive function, mental health, psychosocial skills, personality traits and risk behaviours. A block permutation test, valid for small sample sizes, was used. Analyses accounted for the randomisation protocol, multiple hypothesis testing and attrition.ResultsTreatment group participants (stimulation intervention with or without supplementation, n = 48) had significantly greater IQ (Hedges g effect size 0. 57; 95%CI 0.20, 0.95) and cognitive flexibility (0.61; 0.25, 0.98) compared with no‐treatment (no‐intervention and supplementation only, n = 47). They also had reduced depressive symptoms (0.61; 0.28, 1.00), increased grit (0.53; 0.16, 0.92) and conscientiousness (0.66; 0.31, 1.07), lower substance use (rank mean score, 0.45; 0.08, 0.81) and risk taking related to health and work (0.64; 0.27, 1.00). There were 18 significant outcomes of 33 assessed. Comparison participants had higher IQ than no‐treatment (1.17; 0.81, 1.54) and treatment groups (0.62; 0.18, 1.07); and better executive function, lower social inhibition and risk taking than the no‐treatment group.ConclusionsThe wide‐ranging benefits at 31 years from the stimulation intervention supports investment in larger scale programmes to promote early childhood development in disadvantaged children. The lower IQ in the treatment group compared with comparison participants, emphasises the need for continued efforts to prevent early childhood growth retardation.
Vertical integration and capacity investment in the electricity sector
Authors: Brown David P. , Sappington David E. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the incentives for and the effects of vertical integration in the electricity sector. We find that vertical integration often reduces retail prices and increases industry capacity investment, consumer surplus, and total welfare. Unilateral vertical integration often is profitable, and so arises in equilibrium. However, ubiquitous vertical integration can reduce aggregate industry profit.
A safe haven for potential reproductive aggregations of the critically endangered Brazilian guitarfish (Pseudobatos horkelii)
Authors: Anderson Antônio B. , Fiuza Thiago M. J. , Araujo Gabriel S. , Canterle Angela M. , Canto Luiza M. C. , Freitas Renato H. A. , Gadig Otto B. F. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrazilian endemic batoid elasmobranch populations have declined dramatically in the past 40 years due to anthropic activities (e.g., overfishing). The Brazilian guitarfish, Pseudobatos horkelii, included in the IUCN red list of endangered species [Critically Endangered (CR)], has been captured as by‐catch by trawling fishing boats to the edge of extinction. Despite governmental conservation initiatives, the species is still caught and commercialized along the Brazilian coast. In this study, the authors report three rare aggregation events for the Brazilian coast of P. horkelii, inside the only nearshore no‐entry Brazilian marine protected area. Strategies for its protection are also discussed.
Gastroenterology hospital outpatients report high rates of satisfaction with a Telehealth model of care
Authors: Bensted Karen , Kim Christy , Freiman John , Hall Matthew , Zekry Amany 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to capture patient satisfaction with a Telehealth model of care in a tertiary hospital gastroenterology outpatient setting. An in‐depth patient questionnaire addressed patients' experience with telephone based consultations, as well as capturing demographic data to predict patients who may benefit from a Telehealth model of care.MethodsPatients aged ≥ 18 years who had a telephone appointment from 1st March 2020 to 1st September 2020 at the St George Hospital and Sutherland Hospital Gastroenterology Clinics in Sydney, Australia, were invited to complete an anonymous online survey detailing their experience. Clinics included general gastroenterology, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology and swallow disorders. Chi squared analysis was used to investigate if demographic data (age, gender, educational status, English‐spoken at home, and presence of IBD or cirrhosis) impacted on a patients rating of care they received.Results1894 patients were invited to complete with survey, with 302 responses. 294 respondents (88.4%) rated the care they received as “very good” or “good”. 254 (84.1%) stated the main reason for attending the clinic was dealt with to their satisfaction. There was no statistical relationship between age, gender, educational status and the rating of care received. 49.7% preferred their telephone appointment, and 63.6% would like the option of a telephone appointment in the future.ConclusionGastroenterology outpatients reported a very high satisfaction with Telehealth, demonstrating a potential for Telehealth to be incorporated into usual care.
Estimating stocks and flows of electric passenger vehicle batteries in the Norwegian fleet from 2011 to 2030
Authors: Thorne Rebecca , Aguilar Lopez Fernando , Figenbaum Erik , Fridstrøm Lasse , Müller Daniel Beat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetired passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are expected to generate significant volumes of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), opening business opportunities for second life and recycling. In order to evaluate these, robust estimates of the future quantity and composition of LIBs are imperative. Here, we analyzed BEV fate in the Norwegian passenger vehicle fleet and estimated the corresponding battery capacity in retired vehicles from 2011 to 2030, using a stock‐flow vehicle cohort model linked to analysis of the battery types and sizes contained in different BEVs. Results based on this combination of modeled and highly disaggregated technical data show that (i) the LIB energy capacity available for second use or recycling from end‐of‐life vehicles is expected to reach 0.6 GWh in 2025 and 2.1 GWh in 2030 (not accounting for any losses); (ii) most LIBs are currently contained within the weight segment 1500–1599 kg followed by 2000+ kg; (iii) highest sales currently exist for BEVs containing lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries; and (iv) lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide batteries initially constitute the largest overall capacity in retired vehicles, but will later be surpassed by NMCs. The results demonstrate rapidly growing opportunities for businesses to make use of retired batteries and a necessity to adapt to changing battery types and sizes.
Critiques of the circular economy
Authors: Corvellec Hervé , Stowell Alison F. , Johansson Nils 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a reasoned account of the critiques addressed to the circular economy and circular business models. These critiques claim that the circular economy has diffused limits, unclear theoretical grounds, and that its implementation faces structural obstacles. Circular economy is based on an ideological agenda dominated by technical and economic accounts, which brings uncertain contributions to sustainability and depoliticizes sustainable growth. Bringing together these critiques demonstrates that the circular economy is far from being as promising as its advocates claim it to be. Circularity emerges instead as a theoretically, practically, and ideologically questionable notion. The paper concludes by proposing critical issues that need to be addressed if the circular economy and its business models are to open routes for more sustainable economic development.
Digital polycentricity and diasporic connectivity: A Norwegian‐Senegalese case study
Authors: Androutsopoulos Jannis , Lexander Kristin Vold 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigital communication remains largely unexplored in sociolinguistic research on diaspora and language. In this paper, ethnographically collected data from Norway‐based families of Senegalese heritage are explored to identify how family members use digital media to engage with diaspora concerns and projects, and how this engagement shapes their multilingual practices online. We re‐contextualize the concept of polycentricity (Blommaert et al.) from the physical setting of a neighbourhood or region to complex ecologies of digital media, and identify four ‘centres’, that is, distinct orientations for participants’ digital language and literacy practices, in which linguistic choices are associated with diaspora discourses, genres, and imagery. Each centre constrains the deployment of linguistic and semiotic resources in ways that are related both to historically rooted sociolinguistic hierarchies and affordances of digital media. The findings support a key claim in language and diaspora research, that is, the fine‐grained patterning of linguistic resources in diaspora communities. They also underscore the need to extend the empirical scope of a sociolinguistics of diaspora from co‐present to mediated interaction, and to explore the interplay between the two.
Population genetic structure of the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in China inferred from microsatellite analyses: implications for fisheries management and breeding
Authors: Guo Xiang‐Zhao , Chen Hui‐Min , Wang Ai‐Bo , Qian Xue‐Qiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnalysis of genetic diversity and population structure of the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), an important commercial aquaculture species that is widely distributed throughout China's fresh waters, could contribute to scientific management and sustainable utilization of this species. To characterize the population genetic structure of yellow catfish across China, 448 individuals from 10 locations across North, Central, and South China were analyzed using 15 microsatellite loci. Moderate to high genetic diversity was determined in all nine natural populations, while genetic diversity was slightly lower in the cultured populations. Two subgroups were detected, indicating clear genetic differences among the natural populations in China. This research represents the first comprehensive study of the genetic diversity of yellow catfish throughout its entire Chinese range, and the results may inform effective fisheries management and systematic selective breeding of the yellow catfish.
Seladelpar improved measures of pruritus, sleep, and fatigue and decreased serum bile acids in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Kremer Andreas E. , Mayo Marlyn J. , Hirschfield Gideon , Levy Cynthia , Bowlus Christopher L. , Jones David E. , Steinberg Alexandra , McWherter Charles A. , Choi Yun‐Jung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) can result in life‐altering cholestatic pruritus and fatigue, but treatment options are limited. Seladelpar, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐delta (PPARδ) agonist, has demonstrated potent anti‐cholestatic effects in clinical studies. This open‐label, uncontrolled phase 2 study in PBC patients evaluated the effects of 1‐year of seladelpar treatment on measures of pruritus and quality of life.MethodsSelf‐reported experiences of 101 PBC patients were collected at baseline and after 1 year of seladelpar treatment using the pruritus visual analog scale (VAS), 5D‐itch scale, and PBC‐40 questionnaires along with bile acid profiles.ResultsIn patients with moderate–to‐severe pruritus, substantial improvement in pruritus was seen in 58% and 93% of patients in 5/10 mg and 10 mg treatment groups, respectively. After 1 year, patients reporting improvement substantially outnumbered those who worsened in the total 5‐D itch (including individual domains) and PBC‐40 (itch and fatigue domains) questionnaires. Improvement in sleep disturbance at 1‐year was reported in 81% (5/10 mg) and 78% (10 mg) of the patients with baseline itch‐related sleep disturbance by 5‐D itch score with similar results using the PBC‐40 sleep questionnaire. Seladelpar‐treated patients had significant reductions of 46% (5/10 mg) and 31% (10 mg) in the serum bile acid precursor C4 and reductions of up to 38% in serum bile acids.ConclusionsSeladelpar treatment for 1 year led to consistent improvement in both symptom burden and biochemical response, suggesting its potential as a single agent to address two key unmet needs in PBC patients.
An LRR‐only protein promotes NLP‐triggered cell death and disease susceptibility by facilitating oligomerization of NLP in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Jun‐Bin , Bao Shu‐Wen , Fang Ya‐Li , Wei Lu‐Yang , Zhu Wang‐Sheng , Peng You‐Liang , Fan Jun 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Necrosis‐ and ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)‐like proteins (NLPs) constitute a superfamily of proteins toxic to dicot plants, but the molecular basis of this toxicity remains obscure.

Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis we investigated the genetic variation underlying ion leakage in Arabidopsis plants elicited with MoNLP1 derived from Magnaporthe oryzae. The QTL conditioning MoNLP1 toxicity was positionally cloned and further characterized to elucidate its mode of action.

MoNLP1‐triggered cell death varied significantly across > 250 Arabidopsis accessions and three QTLs were identified conferring the observed variation. The QTL on chromosome 4 was uncovered to encode a leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)‐only protein designated as NTCD4, which shares high sequence identity with a set of nucleotide‐binding LRR proteins. NTCD4 was secreted into the apoplast and physically interacted with multiple NLPs. Apoplastic NTCD4 facilitated the oligomerization of NLP, which was closely associated with toxicity in planta. The natural genetic variation causing D3N change in NTCD4 reduced the secretion efficiency of NTCD4 and the infection of Botrytis cinerea on Arabidopsis plants.

These observations demonstrate that the plant‐derived NTCD4 is recruited by NLPs to promote toxicity via facilitating their oligomerization, which extends our understanding of a key step in the toxic mode of action of NLPs.
The lived experience of patients with obesity: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Farrell Emma , Hollmann Eva , le Roux Carel W. , Bustillo Marta , Nadglowski Joe , McGillicuddy Deirdre 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAlthough the deleterious effects of obesity have been well documented in terms of morbidity and mortality, less is known about what it is like to live with this complex and chronic disease. This study systematically reviewed and synthesized peer‐reviewed studies relating to the lived experience of patients with obesity. A total of 12,388 records were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 32 final studies. Meta‐ethnographic synthesis of these 32 studies generated five “third‐order constructs” or themes: the development of obesity; a life limited; stigma, judgment, shame, and blame; treatment and; experiences of specific or minority groups. These constructs describe, from the patient's perspective, the factors associated with the development and maintenance of obesity; the effects of the disease on their day‐to‐day lives; the impact of the stigma and judgment many patients are subjected to; and their experience of accessing, or trying to access, treatment for their healthcare needs. This synthesis reveals the dearth of studies that focus solely on the experience of the patient and highlights the tendency for participant‐informed, rather than participatory, methods in obesity research. It concludes with a call for further participatory research into the experiences of people living with obesity.
Exploring women's perspectives on prenatal screening for adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Olsen Jeanette M. , Galloway Elizabeth G. , Guthman Pamela L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo learn more about women's views on screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) during healthcare visits in pregnancy.DesignMixed methods with an online survey.SampleA convenience sample of 154 women with a history of one or more pregnancies was recruited through public health department social media pages in one predominantly rural region of a Midwest state.MeasurementsQuantitative measures included demographic variables, ACE scores, and preferences regarding screening format, strategies, and resources. Additional perspectives were captured through open‐ended questions.ResultsWomen's mean ACE score was 2.56 (SD = 2.37) with 68% reporting 0–3 ACEs and 32% reporting four or more. Routine screening for ACEs during prenatal care was supported by 67.5% of women with 9.1% indicating sometimes, 20.8% unsure, and 2.6% against. Strong preference was indicated for screening by one's physician or midwife (80.3%), in an exam room (83.1%), using an independently completed questionnaire (64.2%). Preferred approaches for screening and post‐screening interventions also were identified with qualitative themes providing additional insights.ConclusionsFindings inform strategies for efficiently and sensitively screening for ACEs during pregnancy, highlight the importance of using a trauma‐informed approach, and provide direction for educational and interventional resource development.