bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low luminal pH aggravates fatty acid bound albumin induced O2·− production in renal proximal tubular cell
Authors: Souma Tomokazu , Abe Michiaki , Akiyama Yasutoshi , Toyohara Takafumi , Suzuki Takehiro , Shiwaku Hiromi O. , Tanemoto Masayuki , Abe Takaaki , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: June 2021

It is known that fatty acid bound albumin induces oxidative stress in proximal tubular cells. Although luminal pH of proximal tubule decreases according to the reabsorption of bicarbonate, it is not examined well how luminal pH affects the production of superoxide, O2·−. Therefore, we examined the role of luminal pH in the O2·− production.We applied oleic acid bound albumin(OA‐alb, 15g/L) to the HK‐2 cells, human proximal tubule cell line, and measured the production with dihydroethidium. The production was evaluated as the increasing rate of ethidium intensity under real time fluorescent microscopy. When buffer pH is above 6.6, the production was not significant(O2·− production; 0.15 ± 0.06 unit/sec at pH 6.9 and 0.34 ± 0.15 unit/sec at pH6.6, p=0.297). However, by decreasing buffer pH to 6.4, OA‐alb increased the production to 1.45 ± 0.28 unit/sec (p=0.026 versus pH 6.6). A Na/H exchanger inhibitor, dimethylamiloride blunted the production by 62%.In summary, the luminal acidic pH, which activates Na/H exchanger through the reduction of intracellular pH, aggravates OA‐alb induced O2·− production in proximal tubular cells.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 co‐localizes with titin in cardiac myocytes and contributes to its proteolysis in ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Ali Mohammad Abdel‐Motaal , Cho Woo Jung , Granzier Henk , Schulz Richard 
Published: June 2021

Titin, the largest known protein in mammalian cells, plays a central role as a molecular spring of the cardiomyocyte and thus is an important determinant of cardiac function. Although loss of titin in ischemic hearts has been reported, the mechanism of this is unclear. Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) is a protease ubiquitously expressed in cardiomyocytes. We have shown that MMP‐2 is localized to the cardiac sarcomere and proteolyzes specific myofilament proteins in ischemia‐reperfusion (I‐R) injury.HypothesisTitin is an intracellular substrate for MMP‐2 and its degradation during I‐R contributes to cardiac dysfunction.ResultsImmunohistochemistry showed the clear co‐localization of MMP‐2 and titin using an antibody to the Z disc region. In vitro incubation of purified titin with MMP‐2 led to titin degradation which was prevented by inhibiting MMP‐2. Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to I‐R injury (25 min global, no‐flow ischemia followed by 60 min aerobic reperfusion) with or without ONO4817 (MMP‐2/9 inhibitor). Titin in heart samples was analyzed by gel electrophoresis (1% agarose‐SDS) and immunohistochemistry. I‐R caused a loss of titin in the heart. ONO4817 prevented I‐R‐induced titin degradation and improved the recovery of mechanical function.ConclusionMMP‐2 localizes to titin at the Z disc region of the cardiac sarcomere and contributes to titin degradation in I/R injury.
Genesis Of the tendon of the Popliteus muscle
Authors: Ghosh Tamojit 
Published: June 2021

Object of StudyThe genesis of the tendon of the popliteus muscleSummary of ResultsThe genesis of the origin of the popliteus is central to understanding the morphology of the postero‐lateral aspect of the knee joint. The popliteus muscle and its tendon have separate evolutionary origins.They get connected in the course of evolution. The tendon is not present in reptiles. It evolved into its present form in humans by incorporating various structures of the lateral aspect of the knee that disappear resulting in its formation. The most important of these is the femoro‐fibular meniscus. This work provides proof of the genesis of the popliteus tendon and delineates which of its surrounding structures it evolved from. Origins of the arcuate popliteal ligament and the short lateral ligament are also discussed. The disappearance of structures previously existing in the post‐lateral aspect of the knee are also mentioned and the relevance to this work delineated.Statement of ConclusionsI have provided evidence that the popliteus tendon has evolved from the femoro‐fibular meniscus. The adjoining short lateral ligament and the arcuate ligament are both evolutionarily related to the tendon. Various dissections form part of the evidence chain. The femoro‐fibular meniscus gets incorporated into the tendon of the popliteus while it climbs up from a sub‐genual position to a supra‐genual one in the course of evolution.The proximal attachment of the popliteus makes possible the 'unlocking action' of the muscle in the upright walking human which is not possible in lower vertebrates where the muscle is sub‐genual. This is the the major teleological explanation of the climb of the popliteus tendon to it's present proximal attachment in the lateral aspect of the intercondylar fossa.Grant Funding SourceSelf
Presence Of Anamalous Extensor Muscles On The Dorsum Of The Hand
Authors: Singh Keerti , Donnahue Dennie , Rao Suresh 
Published: June 2021

The presence of accessory muscle bellies and tendons in the hand is of great interest to the hand surgeons. This knowledge can be borne in mind while performing hand surgeries, tendon rerouting or transplants. These extra muscles often present as a ganglion, soft tissue tumor or mass in the hand which could be quite misleading to the surgeon. In the present paper we are reporting two cases of accessory muscles found on the dorsum of hand, which were encountered while performing routine dissections of cadavers for undergraduate students.Case I: a short muscle was found on the dorsum of the hand which was inserted to the index finger (extensor digitorum manus brevis).Case II: an extra muscle was found arising deep to the extensor digitorum (EDC) which was inserted to the middle finger (extensor medii propius).Grant Funding SourceUniversity
A STUDY OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AT A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: McNeil Rosie Thecla , Ekwere E.O. , Pam S. , Afolabi E.O. , Jeminiwa B.O. , Obri S.A. 
Published: June 2021

This is a seven (7) years retrospective study of all cases of congenital anomalies that presented at the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 1998 to December 2005. A total of 200 cases were seen at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Paediatrics Department of the hospital.The results were as follows: anomalies of the gastrointestinal system had the highest incidence (30.5%), central nervous system abnormalities, 24.5%, skeletal system anomalies, 8.0%, cardiovascular system anomalies, 7.5%, chromosomal anomalies, 7.5,urogenital system anomalies, 5.0%, cutaneus system anomalies, 2.0% and metabolic disorders, 1.5%. 13.5% of cases presented with multiple anomalies.
Differential expression of prawn brain proteins in the context of dominance hierarchies
Authors: Vazquez‐Acevedo Nietzell , Perez Juliana , Melendez Loyda , Duan Fenghai , Rivera Nilsa , Torres Alejandra , Rullan Yarely , Ruiz Eduardo , Sosa Maria 
Published: June 2021

Adult prawns (M. rosenbergii) develop through three morphological types (small [SC], yellow [YC], and blue claws [BC]), each representing a level in a group's dominance hierarchy, BCs being the most dominant. We are interested in understanding the role played by peptides in the mechanisms underlying the establishment of dominance hierarchies in this prawn. One possibility is that modulatory peptides are differentially expressed in the three morphotypes. We performed SELDI‐TOF mass spectrometry experiments to study protein expression differences among the brains of BC, YC and SC male prawns. Preliminary analysis identified 13 differentially expressed protein peaks. Nine of them differed between BCs and YCs, six between YCs and SCs, and three between BCs and SCs. Data also revealed that five peaks differed across all three morphotypes. These results suggest that there are proteins that are expressed differently across the brains of the three male morphotypes, suggesting they may correlate with the corresponding dominance status. Experiments using 2D‐DIGE and tandem mass spectrometry are being performed to confirm those differentially expressed proteins to then determine whether they play a role in modulating behaviors associated with dominance status.Supported by: MBRS SCORE S06GM008224, MRISP MH48190, RCMI G12RR03051, MBRS RISE R25‐GM061838, NINDS SNRP U54NS0430311
Pulmonary expression of mechanogated K2P channels with special reference to the neuroepithelial body micro‐environment
Authors: Lembrechts Robrecht , Brouns Inge , Pintelon Isabel , Schnorbusch Kathy , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Adriaensen Dirk 
Published: June 2021

The two‐pore‐domain K+ (K2P) channels TREK and TRAAK are gated by mechanical stimuli. Recently, we suggested the potential involvement of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in mechanotransduction from the airways. NEBs are structurally well‐defined airway receptors composed of groups of neuroendocrine airway epithelial cells that receive at least two different populations of myelinated vagal afferent nerve terminals. Physiological evidence, but lack of neurochemical characterization of several classes of vagal mechanosensitive airway receptors, prompted us to focus on the expression of mechanogated K2P ion channels in mouse airways and more in particular in the NEB micro‐environment. TREK‐1 immunoreactivity was found in the lungs but seemed to be restricted to airway smooth muscle cells. TRAAK on the other hand appeared to be mainly expressed in the terminals of vagal myelinated nerves, both intraepithelially in NEBs and in so‐called smooth muscle associated airway receptors (SMARs). The observation that the extensive terminals of vagal myelinated afferents in NEBs reveal intrinsic mechanosensitive properties strengthens our hypothesis that, in addition to SMARs, the NEB micro‐environment likely accounts for subpopulations of the electrophysiologically characterized vagal airway mechanosensors.Support: FWO grants G.0085.04 and G.0081.08 (DA); UA grants GOA BOF 2007 (DA) and KP BOF 2006 (IB)
Comparative scaling analyses of mammalian eye size and brain size
Authors: Segev Tamar G , Heesy Christopher P 
Published: June 2021

Studies of the relative sizes of brain components in mammals suggest that areas responsible for sensory processing, including visual processing, are correlated with aspects of ecology, especially diet and activity pattern. However, mammalian eye shapes and sizes do not display similar adaptations to ecological factors. This disparity in ecological adaptations between eye and brain size is especially surprising given the importance of activity pattern, a correlate of light availability, to eye morphology in most other vertebrate classes. Current data suggest that an isometric scaling relationship best describes eye to brain size size scaling in mammals. In this study, we compile the most taxonomically diverse and extensively sampled dataset on eye size and shape, overall brain volume, and activity pattern, in mammals. Results demonstrate that eye and brain sizes are correlated, although regression slopes do not support an isometric relationship. Anthropoid primates are important outliers, demonstrating adaptive size and shape differences in eye morphology. We conclude that in mammals allometry more strongly affects eye to brain size scaling than do ecological factors.Grant Funding SourceMidwestern University
Proteasome inhibition modulates protein synthesis: Interplay with PERK, MAP kinase and JUN kinase
Authors: Zhang Le , Ebenezer Philip J. , Keller Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2021

Proteasomal inhibition occurs during aging as well as in many neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies from our laboratory and others have elucidated the potential for interplay between the proteasome and protein synthesis machinery. In the present study we report on the effects of proteasome inhibition in neural cells. Our studies demonstrate that proteasome inhibition induces reversible inhibition protein synthesis, and that the degree to which cells recover the ability to synthesize proteins following proteasome inhibition is strongly associated with the ability of neural cells to survive the toxicity of proteasome inhibition. Additionally, our studies indicate important roles for PERK, MAP kinase, and JUN kinase in regulating the effects proteasome inhibition has upon neural cells. In particular we will outline the role these kinases play in mediating the ability of proteasome inhibition to impair specific aspects of the protein synthesis machinery, as well as the role these kinases play in allowing cells to successfully recover from the toxicity associated with proteasome inhibition. Taken together, these data have important implications for understanding the basis for protein synthesis and protein turnover during aging as well as in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders associated with proteasome inhibition.This work was generously supported by grants from the NIA (AG029885, AG025771) to Jeffrey N. Keller
Adhesion of lysozyme and transferrin to Omafilcon A contact lenses
Authors: Keith Edward O. , Chandrasekaran Neena S. , Solanki Darshan H. , Desai Shan S. , Janoff Andrea M. 
Published: June 2021

Human tears contain ~60 different proteins that accumulate on contact lenses. We examine the adhesion of human transferrin to FDA Group II Omafilcon A contact lenses, fabricated from a biomimetic material whose interaction with tear proteins is not well characterized and for which the consequences of protein accumulation are unclear. Omafilcon A lenses were incubated in human transferrin for five days, and protein adhesion was determined by bicinchoninic acid colorimetry on a daily basis. Transferrin adhered to the Omafilcon A lenses to a lesser extent (~10%) than it did to Alphafilcon A lenses (also FDA Group II). Our previous data indicate the same is true for lysozyme adhesion, with Omafilcon A lenses adsorbing less lysozyme (~25%) than Alphafilcon A lenses. Levels of transferrin and lysozyme adhesion to Omafilcon A lenses are lower than their levels of adhesion to any other type of contact lenses in all four FDA groups, suggesting that Omafilcon A lenses are better able to resist protein adhesion than contact lenses fabricated from other materials.Supported by a NSU President's Faculty Scholarship Award, the NSU Health Professions Division, and the Farquhar College of Arts and Sciences at NSU.
The Screening of PDZ‐Domain Array to Identify JAM‐B Interacting Proteins
Authors: Samant Ritika , Naik Ulhas 
Published: June 2021

Tight junctions (TJs) host complexes that include PDZ domain‐containing proteins. PDZ proteins participate in transmembrane molecule organization and TJ formation. Transmembrane protein Junctional Adhesion Molecule‐A (JAM‐A) is found in TJs and interacts with PDZ proteins AF‐6 and ZO‐1 via its PDZ binding motif. Another JAM family member, JAM‐B displays such a motif but PDZ binding partners are unknown. Because of the similar roles and cytoplasmic regions of JAM‐A and JAM‐B, we hypothesize that JAM‐B also binds to PDZ proteins.To identify these interactions, HA‐tagged JAM‐B will be used to probe a protein microarray spotted with PDZ domains. A cDNA construct encoding a HA‐tagged GST JAM‐B protein was created. E. coli BL21 cells transformed with this construct were induced by IPTG, and recombinant protein expression and solubility was analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. JAM‐B ‐ PDZ domain interactions on the array will be detected by chemiluminescence. This analysis of JAM‐B and PDZ protein interactions will further our understanding of signaling pathways particularly pertaining to TJ formation and regulation. Supported by an HHMI Undergraduate Science Education Grant, Beckman Foundation and the NIH.
Examination of the structure and dynamics of the calcium‐binding protein S100A5
Authors: Liriano Melissa Ana , Varney Kristen M. , Wright Nathan T. , Wilder Paul T. , Charpentier Thomas H. , Weber David J. 
Published: June 2021

The S100 family is a class of small, homodimeric proteins that are often characterized by their Ca2+‐dependent biological effects, which is typically the result of a calcium‐dependent conformational change. To characterize whether S100A5 undergoes a conformational change similar to that observed in other S100 proteins, we will first determine the high resolution structure of this protein by NMR in the absence and presence of calcium. The HSQC spectras we have obtained of S100A5 depicts vast chemical shift pertubations from no calcium to calcium‐loaded S100A5, which is highly suggestive of a conformational change. S100A5 shares approximately 50% sequence homology with all the other S100 proteins yet it binds to Ca2+ with an affinity 10‐100 times greater then any other S100 member. We hypothesize that the high affinity of S100A5 is due to either a structural difference between S100A5 and other S100 proteins or that A5 lacks the dynamic properties observed in the C‐terminal region of other S100 proteins that could contribute to their lesser affinity for Ca2+. In order to elucidate which mechanism is the basis of A5's high affinity for Ca2+, we propose to also solve the Ca2+‐bound S100A5 using X‐ray crystallography to determine if there is an additional Ca2+ ion ligand present. Internal dynamics will also be measured using 15N NMR relaxation methods to prove whether or not S100A5 lacks dynamic properties in the C‐terminal EF‐hand.Student support provided by an NIGMS Initiative for Maximizing Student Diversity Grant (R25‐GM 55036)
A Study on the glucose‐regulating Enzyme Activities of Water Extracts from Korea Medicinal Herbs
Authors: Choe Myeon , Kim Dae Jung , Chung Mi ja , Seo Dong Joo , You Jin Kyoun 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the anti‐diabetic effects of water extracts from Korea medicinal herbs on hepatic glucose‐regulating enzymes, such as acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucokinase (GK). The hepatic cytosol faction of a type ? diabetic animal (GK rat, Goto‐kakizaki) was used in acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and glucokinase (GK) activity assays. Type 2 diabetes generally characterized by non‐insulin‐dependent hyperglycemia in early stages and the therapeutic approach available is by retarding absorption of glucose through the inhibition of α‐glucosidase enzyme in the intestinal. Thus α‐glucosidase inhibition assay was assayed. The Korea medicinal herbs were Salvia miltiorrhiza (DS), , Panax notoginsengs (JC), Lycium chinense (JGP), Dioscorea japonica (SY), R. glutinosa (SJH), Pyrus pyrifolia fructus (YSB), Cucumis melo var. makuwa stem (CWJ), Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen (YM), Cornus officinalis (SSY), Paeonia suffruticosa (MDP), Cordyceps sinensis (DCH), Acanthopanax senticosus (GSO). The ACC activity in cytosol fraction of liver was higher in the 0.01mg/ml DCH water extract than that of the control and SSY water extract significantly increased the GK activity. YSB, MDP, GSO water extracts had high α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity and the effect was higher than that of acarbose (reference α‐glucosidase inhibitor).These observations suggest that DCH, SSY, YSB, MDP and GSO water extracts are the effective candidates for preventing type 2 diabetes.
Are immunoglobulin concentrations associated with body composition of adolescents in Mexico?
Authors: Valdes‐Ramos Roxana , Zúñiga‐Torres Guadalupe M , Marrtínez‐Carrillo Beatriz E , Pardo‐Morales Rosa V , Wârnberg Julia , Marcos Ascensión , Benítez‐Arciniega Alejandra D 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between serum immunoglobulins A, G and M, and body composition of adolescents from the State of Mexico.MethodsInformed consent from parents and assent from adolescents was obtained, for the evaluation of 114 subjects from the Capital city of Toluca and the adjacent semi‐urban county of Lerma de Villada. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, as well as tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were measured by trained personnel; BMI and waist/hip ratio were calculated, while body fat was calculated from skinfolds and measured by bioimpedance. Immunoglobulin concentrations were determined by nephelometry. Data were analyzed by independent samples t‐test and Pearson correlations.ResultsSubjects were mainly females (71.2%), with a mean age of 16.8 years (+ 0.8). No differences were found between subjects with normal weight or body fat and those with overweight, central obesity or excess body fat. Females had higher immunoglobulin concentrations than males (IgG t=2.24, p= 0.027; IgA t= 2.05, p=0.043; IgM t=4.49, p<0.001). Positive correlations were found for IgA with tricipital skinfold thickness (r= 0.192, p=0.041); for IgM with tricipital skinfold thickness (r= 0.221, p=0.018) and for body fat by bioimpedance (r= 0.243, p=0.009).ConclusionsImmunoglobulin concentrations were not affected by overweight, obesity, excessive or central body fat in adolescents.
Energy restriction with high‐protein diets decreases visceral fat mass but not fasting and postprandial inflammation in overweight insulin‐resistant rats
Authors: Mariotti Francois , Xu Liping , Mathé Véronique , Brunsard Julie , Magné Joelle , Bos Cécile , Tomé Daniel , Gaudichon Claire , Huneau Jean‐Francois 
Published: June 2021

Visceral obesity may worsen the low‐grade postprandial inflammatory response to a high‐fat meal. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of energy restriction in rats with diet‐induced overweight. Overweight rats were given free‐access to a high‐fat diet (HF), or restricted to 60% of the spontaneous intake of HF rats, with either the same diet (HFR) or protein‐rich diets (HPR) for 5 weeks. Before and at the end of this period, rats were administered a high‐fat meal and plasma insulin, triglycerides and cytokines were monitored after meal. Rats were killed at the end of the experiment and the epididymal fat pads were weighed.At the end of the experiment, the weights of the restricted rat were similar between HFR and HPR groups and 19%‐lower than in HF rats. However, the epididymal fat masses were slightly but significantly lower in HPR rats than in HFR and HF rats (14.5±0.6, 17.4±1.2 and 24.0±2.3 g, respectively). Fasting insulin did not change in restricted rats, while almost doubling in HF rats. At the end of the experiment, fasting and postprandial increases in IL‐1β, IL‐6, MCP‐1 and PAI‐1 did not differ between groups. Altogether, these results suggest that decreasing visceral adiposity in insulin‐resistant overweight rats does not impact fasting and postprandial low‐grade inflammation.
Blood‐flow fluctuation during light‐resistance exercise may enhance the effectiveness of high‐protein snack on the increase of muscle mass and strength
Authors: Suzuki Masashige , Kato Yuushi , Sawada Atsushi , Numao Shigeharu 
Published: June 2021

We have demonstrated the preventive effects of a high‐protein snack 3hrs after a basal mealunder voluntary tower climbing exercise on the loss of muscle and bone mass in aging‐model rats receiving glucocorticoid injections. However, this "missile nutrition" effects of the snack could no be observed without exercise. In this study we examined chronic effects of light‐resistance exercise (15‐min dumbbell exercise using 300g brown‐rice filled dmbbells) after a high‐protein (15g)‐sucrose (15g) snack (HPS) on the forearm and thigh muscle mass and hand‐grip and leg‐extension strength, comparing with that of exercise or HPS alone in young adults. Neither dumbbell exercise nor HPS alone increased muscle mass and strength, excepting a significant increase of hand‐grip strength with exercise. Contrarily, both muscle mass and strength in either forearm or thigh muscle was significantly increased and body fat mass was significantly decreased by the intake of HPS followed by dumbbell exercise 45 min after HPS ingestion. The dumbbell exercise fluctuated greately the blood flow in the muscle tisues and lowered the peaked plasma amino acid concentrations after HPS, suggesting an enhanced amino acid uptake by the muscle to effective protein synthesis.