bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of EAE by spontaneously generated IL‐10‐secreting regulatory T cells in HLA‐DR15/TCR.Ob1A12 double transgenic mice
Authors: Leno‐Durán Ester , Ng Sze‐Ling , Strominger Jack L. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryHumanized double transgenic mice express both HLA‐DR15 (the MHC gene linked to MS) and TCR.Ob1A12 from a multiple sclerosis patient (that recognizes MBP85‐99 presented by HLA‐DR15), yet they fail to develop autoimmune encephalomyelitis quickly, although 5–10% develop disease at 12 months. These mice were found to express large numbers of IL‐10‐secreting splenocytes as early as 4 weeks of age. These regulatory T cells appeared spontaneously without prior immunization with the autoantigen MBP85‐99. They were of murine origin and had a cytokine secretion profile and surface phenotype similar to that reported for Tr1 cells. Notably, the frequency of disease appeared to increase at 14 months. The diseased mice had small spleens which averaged 47 mg, while the remaining non‐diseased mice in our colony killed at ages 14–15 months had splenocytes that averaged 80 mg (ranging from 47–130 mg). Thus, the appearance of disease was associated with diminution in numbers of IL‐10‐secreting regulatory T cells with age.
Host‐directed therapy to combat mycobacterial infections*
Authors: Kilinç Gül , Saris Anno , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Haks Mariëlle C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUpon infection, mycobacteria, such asMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are recognized by host innate immune cells, triggering a series of intracellular processes that promote mycobacterial killing. Mycobacteria, however, have developed multiple counter‐strategies to persist and survive inside host cells. By manipulating host effector mechanisms, including phagosome maturation, vacuolar escape, autophagy, antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways, pathogenic mycobacteria are able to establish long‐lasting infection. Counteracting these mycobacteria‐induced host modifying mechanisms can be accomplished by host‐directed therapeutic (HDT) strategies. HDTs offer several major advantages compared to conventional antibiotics: (a) HDTs can be effective against both drug‐resistant and drug‐susceptible bacteria, as well as potentially dormant mycobacteria; (b) HDTs are less likely to induce bacterial drug resistance; and (c) HDTs could synergize with, or shorten antibiotic treatment by targeting different pathways. In this review, we will explore host‐pathogen interactions that have been identified forMtbfor which potential HDTs impacting both innate and adaptive immunity are available, and outline those worthy of future research. We will also discuss possibilities to target NTM infection by HDT, although current knowledge regarding host‐pathogen interactions for NTM is limited compared toMtb. Finally, we speculate that combinatorial HDT strategies can potentially synergize to achieve optimal mycobacterial host immune control.
Time, engagement and video games: How game design elements shape the temporalities of play in massively multiplayer online role‐playing games
Authors: Rapp Amon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearchers and developers constantly seek novel ways to create engaging applications that are able to retain their users over the long term, make them desire to spend time using the application or go back to using it after a break. With this aim, video games can be an insightful source of inspiration, as they are specifically designed to maximise playing time, increase players' intentions of playing during the day or enhance their willingness to replay. In a gaming context, ‘time’ is an important factor for engagement because game designers can design the game time to retain players in the game environment. Drawing on social practice theory, which is increasingly used in Information Systems (IS) research, I conducted an ethnographic study in World of Warcraft (WoW) to understand how various temporalities are produced within a video game and the effects that they have on players' engagement. The findings show that game temporalities stem from the complex interaction between the design features of the game and the norms, routines and expectations that are part of the game practices. Moreover, these temporalities can engender temporal experiences that may stimulate engagement in various ways. The study contributes to IS literature by proposing a novel understanding of how time can be intentionally designed to sustain user engagement. Finally, it suggests that ‘time design’ in video games could inspire designs in broader IS contexts, such as in the gamification of online communities, crowdsourcing platforms and crowd working systems.
Design, thermal shock resistance of dense BaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 glass/Si3N4‐barium feldspar coating for porous Si3N4 ceramic
Authors: Tong Zongwei , Liu Zhengdao , Yu Huijun , Zhang Baojie , Li Xiaolei , Su Dong , Ji Huiming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSilicon nitride‐monoclinic barium feldspar (Si3N4‐m‐BAS) composite possesses great dielectric properties, low density, and low thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). Preparing dense Si3N4‐m‐BAS coating on porous Si3N4 ceramic is an effective strategy to improve its water resistance and ensure its dielectric performances. However, this promising coating has not been reported yet, because the synthesis of m‐BAS is difficult, and the densification of Si3N4‐BAS composite requires very high temperature. Here, the BaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 glass/Si3N4‐BAS coating was first fabricated by a manual spray method and pressureless sintering at 1450°C. Combining the influence of Si4+ on the crystal phase composition of BAS and the volume expansion effect of silicon in N2, an effective coating structure design scheme was proposed. By changing the content of silicon powder, the CTE and horizontal shrinkage of the coating during sintering were controlled. Besides, the prepared coatings exhibited low water absorption and high bonding strength. During the thermal shock tests, SiO2 produced by the oxidation of Si3N4 healed the cracks in the coating, thus delaying the degradation of the properties. The coating prepared in this work is expected to be applied to radome in extreme service environments.
Relationship between valence of titania and apatite mineralization behavior in simulated body environment
Authors: Miyazaki Toshiki , Imanaka Satoshi , Akaike Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTitania‐based materials are attractive for hard tissue repair due to their bone‐bonding ability induced by apatite formation in the body environment. Various surface treatments have therefore been developed to produce a hydrated titania layer on Ti and its alloys. Titania takes various valences, such as TiO (Ti2+) and Ti2O3 (Ti3+), as well as typical TiO2 (Ti4+); however, there is no comprehensive study of structural effects on the apatite‐forming ability of these titanias. In this study, we investigated apatite formation on titania powders with various valences in simulated body fluid. Anatase‐ and rutile‐type TiO2 formed apatite in simulated body fluid within 7 days, but TiO and Ti2O3 did not. In contrast, when the titania powders were treated with NaOH solution, the surface converted to tetravalent titania and all samples formed apatite. It is proposed that the surface electrical states of TiO and Ti2O3 are strongly affected by their bulk conductivity and that these behaved like pure Ti metal, which has poor apatite‐forming ability. Apatite formation was favorable when the titania had a high absolute value and exhibited high fluctuations of zeta potential during initial stages in simulated body fluid, owing to adsorption of large amounts of Ca2+ and HPO42−.
Electrochemically manipulating BiFeO3 particles via Bi3+ ion extraction
Authors: Ma Chao‐Jie , Zhang Kai‐Lun , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Da‐Wei , Li Na , Xu Baosheng , Chen Haosen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBecause multifunctional ceramics are widely used in the electronics, manipulating composition and structure of the electronic ceramics aim at improving the performance of the target material for appropriate applications. However, the composite materials with multiphases and multicomponents could be achieved by mixing the nanomaterials with various preparing methods or technologies, which generally require a bunch of experimental design to obtain the target products. For achieving the goals, a novel electrochemical approach for preparing functional ceramic materials is demonstrated via ion extraction from the A site of perovskite BiFeO3 (BFO) ceramic particles, and whereby a single‐phase perovskite BFO could be evolved into multiphase and multicrystalline homogeneous composites. With gradual changes in material particle size, composition, structure, and morphology upon electrochemical Bi3+ ion extraction, the magnetic and electromagnetic properties of the decomposed BFO along with the generated multiphase and multicrystalline composites would present pronounced evolutionary behaviors, compared with original BFO. Apparently, such titration method upon electrochemical ion extraction could be employed to manipulate the properties of the functional ceramics. The simple strategy of electrochemical manipulation BFO would be applied to certain materials with electrochemical activity to achieve the target performance.
Nurse work environment and its impact on reasons for missed care, safety climate, and job satisfaction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dutra Carla Klava dos Reis , Guirardello Edinêis de Brito 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the nurse work environment and its relation to reasons for missed nursing care, safety climate, and job satisfaction.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsTwo hundred and nineteen nursing professionals by a convenience sample from two teaching hospitals between April 2017 and October 2017. The variables nurse work environment, reasons for missed nursing care, safety climate, and job satisfaction were collected by measuring instruments, and a descriptive, correlation, and comparative analyses were performed.ResultsThe nurse work environment was classified as mixed, with three subscales of the instrument resulting in scores that represented a better nurse work environment, namely: nursing foundations for quality care; collegial nurse‐physician relations; and nurse manager ability, leadership, and support. The most frequent reasons for missed care were related to labour and material resources. A better work environment was associated with a high level of work satisfaction, better perception of the safety climate, and fewer reasons for missed care.ConclusionBetter nurse work environments can contribute to improving nurses’ perception of job satisfaction and the safety climate, and to reducing reasons for missed care.ImpactAuthentic leadership in the nurse work environment has implications in terms of reducing the reasons for missed nursing care, improving the perception of the safety climate, and job satisfaction. Nurse managers should evaluate the nurse work environment and missed nursing care as an important predictors of the quality of patient care.
Revealing the hidden structure of physiological states during metacognitive monitoring in collaborative learning
Authors: Malmberg Jonna , Fincham Oliver , Pijeira‐Díaz Héctor J. , Järvelä Sanna , Gašević Dragan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing hidden Markov models (HMM), the current study looked at how learners' metacognitive monitoring is related to their physiological reactivity in the context of collaborative learning. The participants (N = 12, age 16–17 years, three females and nine males) in the study were high school students enrolled in an advanced physics course. The results show that during collaborative learning, the students engaged in monitoring in each self‐regulated learning phase such as task understanding, planning and goal setting, task enactment, adaptation and reflection. The results of the HMM indicated that the learners' physiological reactivity was low when monitoring occurred. The associations between the states based on the HMM provide insights not only into how learners engage in metacognitive monitoring but also about their level of physiological reactivity in each state. In conclusion, exploring aspects of metacognitive monitoring in collaborative learning can be done with the help of physiological reactions.
Identification of deliberate catheter motion at the left atrial posterior wall during pulmonary vein isolation: Validity of respiratory motion adjustment
Authors: Tomlinson David R. , Biscombe Katie , True John , Hosking Joanne , Streeter Adam J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring automated radiofrequency (RF) annotation‐guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), respiratory motion adjustment (RMA) is recommended, yet lacks in vivo validation.MethodsFollowing contact force (CF) PVI (continuous RF, 30 W) using general anesthesia and automated RF annotation‐guidance (VISITAG™: force‐over‐time 100% minimum 1 g; 2 mm position stability; ACCURESP™ RMA “off”) in 25 patients, we retrospectively examined RMA settings “on” versus “off” at the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW).ResultsRespiratory motion detection occurred in eight, permitting offline retrospective comparison of RMA settings. Significant differences in LAPW RF auto‐annotation occurred according to RMA setting, with curves displaying catheter position, CF and impedance data indicating “best‐fit” for catheter motion detection using RMA “off.” Comparing RMA “on” versus “off,” respectively: total annotated sites, 82 versus 98; median RF duration per‐site, 13.3 versus 10.6 s (p < 0.0001); median force time integral 177 versus 130 gs (p = 0.0002); mean inter‐tag distance (ITD), 6.0 versus 4.8 mm (p = 0.002). Considering LAPW annotated site 1‐to‐2 transitions resulting from deliberate catheter movement, 3 concurrent with inadvertent 0 g CF demonstrated < 0.6 s difference in RF duration. However, 13 deliberate catheter movements during constant tissue contact (ITD range: 2.1–7.0 mm) demonstrated (mean) site‐1 RF duration difference 3.7 s (range: −1.3 to 11.3 s): considering multiple measures of catheter position instability, the appropriate indication of deliberate catheter motion occurred with RMA “off” in all.ConclusionsACCURESP™ respiratory motion adjustment importantly delayed the identification of deliberate and clinically relevant catheter motion during LAPW RF delivery, rendering auto‐annotated RF display invalid. Operators seeking greater accuracy during auto‐annotated RF delivery should avoid RMA use.
Elective replacement of a 4‐year‐old leadless pacemaker: New approach for end‐of‐life management
Authors: De Filippo Paolo , Malanchini Giovanni , Leidi Cristina , Racheli Marco , Ferrari Gabriele , Senni Michele , Ferrari Paola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report the first case of new technique of replacement of a Micra TPS, due to battery depletion. A 38‐year‐old patient was admitted due to battery depletion of a TPS, after 44 months of regular pacemaker functioning. After routine implantation of a new TPS, we use a snare loop inserted in the delivery system to capture the old TPS. We believe this approach a good option not to abandon the depleted device, to avoid possible electrical interference or space occupation in right ventricle. This new approach allows to change the strategy during procedure and does not increase significantly the procedure costs.
DNA methylation‐mediated silencing of microRNA‐204 enhances T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by up‐regulating MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 via NF‐κB
Authors: Lin Congmeng , Chen Dabing , Xiao Tingting , Lin Dandan , Lin Dayi , Lin Luhui , Zhu Haojie , Xu Jingjing , Huang Wenwen , Yang Ting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractT cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) is a highly aggressive haematological cancer of the bone marrow. The abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is reportedly involved in T‐ALL development and progression. Thus, we aimed to decipher the involvement of miR‐204 silencing mediated by DNA methylation in the occurrence of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL). miR‐204 expression was determined in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from T‐ALL patients by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) with its effect on cell proliferation evaluated by functional assays. In addition, bisulphite sequencing PCR was employed to detect the DNA methylation level of the miR‐204 promoter region, and the binding site between miR‐204 and IRAK1 was detected by luciferase assay. We found that miR‐204 was down‐regulated in T cells of T‐ALL patients, which was caused by the increased DNA methylation in the promoter region of miR‐204. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐204 inhibited T‐ALL cell proliferation while enhancing their apoptosis through interleukin receptor‐associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), which enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and MMP‐9 through activation of p‐p65. Thus, miR‐204 modulated MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 through IRAK1/NF‐κB signalling pathway, which was confirmed by in vivo assay. Taken together, DNA methylation‐mediated miR‐204 silencing increased the transcription of IRAK1, thus activating the NF‐κB signalling pathway and up‐regulating the downstream targets MMP‐2/MMP‐9.
Efficacy of surgical masks or cloth masks in the prevention of viral transmission: Systematic review, meta‐analysis, and proposal for future trial
Authors: Nanda Akriti , Hung Ivan , Kwong Ava , Man Vivian Chi‐Mei , Roy Pankaj , Davies Lucy , Douek Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecommendations for widespread use of face mask, including suggested type, should reflect the current published evidence and concurrently be studied. This review evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence on use of cloth and surgical face masks in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission and proposes a trial to gather further evidence.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies of SARS‐CoV‐2 and face masks and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of n ≥ 50 for other respiratory illnesses were included.ResultsFourteen studies were included in this study. One preclinical and 1 observational cohort clinical study found significant benefit of masks in limiting SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. Eleven RCTs in a meta‐analysis studying other respiratory illnesses found no significant benefit of masks (±hand hygiene) for influenza‐like‐illness symptoms nor laboratory confirmed viruses. One RCT found a significant benefit of surgical masks compared with cloth masks.ConclusionThere is limited available preclinical and clinical evidence for face mask benefit in SARS‐CoV‐2. RCT evidence for other respiratory viral illnesses shows no significant benefit of masks in limiting transmission but is of poor quality and not SARS‐CoV‐2 specific. There is an urgent need for evidence from randomized controlled trials to investigate the efficacy of surgical and cloth masks on transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and user reported outcomes such as comfort and compliance.
Effect of mouth rinses on optical properties of CAD‐CAM materials used for laminate veneers and crowns
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Ergun‐Kunt Goknil , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mouth rinses on the color and translucency of three computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) restorative materials in laminate veneer and crown thicknesses.MethodsSpecimens from two different 5Y‐TZP zirconia (InCoris TZI (IT), and Zirkonzahn (ZH)) and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD [IC]) in two different thicknesses (0.7 mm for laminate veneer, and 1.5 mm for crown) were sectioned. All specimens were colored with an A2‐shade liquid, and the baseline color values were recorded according to the CIELab system with a spectrophotometer. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 15) according to the immersion solution: two different mouth rinses, KL (Klorhex), and LI (Listerine, cool mint) for 180 hours. The color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) of the specimens were measured before and after immersion in a mouth rinse, and TP and ΔE00 color differences were calculated by using the CIEDE2000 color difference formula. A 3‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and 1‐sample t tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 3‐way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction of material, thickness, and mouth rinse for translucency parameter and color difference (ΔE00) data (p < 0.001). TP decreased for both zirconia materials in laminate veneer thickness when immersed in LI mouth rinse (p < 0.05). No difference was found among the TP mean values of three materials in crown thickness after immersed in mouth rinses (p > 0.826). Both zirconia materials immersed in LI showed greater discoloration than after immersed in KL (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in color change values among three materials for the laminate veneer thickness after immersed in LI (p < 0.001). However, all color difference values were within the clinical acceptability threshold, except for when ZH in laminate veneer thickness was immersed in LI.ConclusionsThe color change of ZH zirconia with LI mouth rinse in laminate veneer thickness was high. For both zirconia ceramics, translucency decreased and the color was less stable in laminate veneer thickness after immersed in LI compared to the crown thickness.Clinical significanceThe results of this in vitro study suggest that long‐term use of alcohol‐containing mouth rinse may alter the optical properties of tested CAD‐CAM materials in tested laminate veneer thickness. For color stability with the long term use of tested mouth rinses, lithium disilicate may be preferred for both types of restorations.
Nano‐scale applications in aquaculture: Opportunities for improved production and disease control
Authors: Sabo‐Attwood Tara , Apul Onur G. , Bisesi Joseph H. , Kane Andrew S. , Saleh Navid B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAquaculture is the fastest growing food‐production sector and is vital to food security, habitat restoration and endangered species conservation. One of the continued challenges to the industry is our ability to manage aquatic disease agents that can rapidly decimate operations and are a constant threat to sustainability. Such threats also evolve as microbes acquire resistance and/or new pathogens emerge. The advent of nanotechnology has transformed our approach to fisheries disease management with advances in water disinfection, food conversion, fish health and management systems. In this review, several nano‐enabled technology successes will be discussed as they relate to the challenges associated with disease management in the aquaculture sector, with a particular focus on fishes. Future perspectives on how nanotechnology can offer functional approaches for improving disinfection and innovating at the practical space of early warning systems will be discussed. Finally, the importance of “safety by design” approaches to the development of novel commercial nano‐enabled products will be emphasized.