bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning flexible and smooth paths for lane‐changing manoeuvres of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Jianwei , Liu Yang , Guo Konghui , Ding Haitao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLane‐changing manoeuvres are essential for daily driving tasks. Safety and comfort are the primary issues to be considered during the lane‐changing manoeuvres of autonomous vehicles. However, because the traffic environment is complicated and changeable, executing fixed lane‐changing manoeuvres cannot guarantee safety and comfort. Thus, it is important to find a flexible method that can plan and re‐plan a lane‐changing path according to the traffic environment in real time. But that remains smooth to ensure the vehicle occupants stay comfortable. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for planning a flexible and smooth lane‐changing path in real time. The proposed method uses the bi‐elementary paths to ensure comfort, and clothoid and arc curves are superimposed on the bi‐elementary paths to add re‐planning flexibility. Additionally, lookup tables and reasonable approximations are employed to quickly generate and evaluate lane‐changing paths. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is able to plan and re‐plan a smooth lane‐changing path. Then, the results of vehicle experiments performed based on the embedded controller platform show that the proposed method guarantees real‐time performance, that the planned path is easy to follow, and that the planned paths make autonomous vehicle lane‐changing manoeuvres safe and comfortable.
Innovative mutual information‐based weighting scheme in stateless opportunistic networks
Authors: Lenando Halikul , Kurd Ali Aref Hassan , Chaoui Slim , Alrfaay Mohamad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, opportunistic networks (OppNets) are considered as one of the most attractive developments of mobile ad hoc networks that have emerged, thanks to the development of intelligent devices. Owing to the harsh and dynamic topology of these networks, attaining high delivery ratio is a challenging issue. Hence, it is imperative to select which node's attribute must be adjusted to achieve a higher performance in such unpredictable networks. A mutual information‐based weighting scheme (MIWS) that exploits the entropy concept to assess the impact of the nodes' attributes on the network performance was proposed. The weighting procedure aims to figure out the correlative relations between different attributes and delivery ratio performance of the network. The high weight of certain attributes implies a correspondingly high impact in achieving efficient data forwarding. The proposed scheme is proofed conceptually and simulated using the Opportunistic Network Environment simulator. In contrast to previous studies conducted in the context of weight resolution, the proposed approach allows us to address this issue in real‐time stateless non‐social OppNets. Regardless of the deployed routing protocol, experiments show that adjusting nodes' attributes based on the proposed MIWS can improve the performance up to encouraging delivery ratios.
Atmosphere of Betelgeuse before and during the Great Dimming event revealed by tomography
Authors: Kravchenko K. , Jorissen A. , Van Eck S. , Merle T. , Chiavassa A. , Paladini C. , Freytag B. , Plez B. , Montargès M. , Van Winckel H. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Despite being the best studied red supergiant star in our Galaxy, the physics behind the photometric variability and mass loss of Betelgeuse is poorly understood. Moreover, recently the star has experienced an unusual fading with its visual magnitude reaching a historical minimum. The nature of this event was investigated by several studies where mechanisms, such as episodic mass loss and the presence of dark spots in the photosphere, were invoked.
Aims. We aim to relate the atmospheric dynamics of Betelgeuse to its photometric variability, with the main focus on the dimming event.
Methods. We used the tomographic method which allowed us to probe different depths in the stellar atmosphere and to recover the corresponding disk-averaged velocity field. The method was applied to a series of high-resolution HERMES observations of Betelgeuse. Variations in the velocity field were then compared with photometric and spectroscopic variations.
Results. The tomographic method reveals that the succession of two shocks along our line-of-sight (in February 2018 and January 2019), the second one amplifying the effect of the first one, combined with underlying convection and/or outward motion present at this phase of the 400 d pulsation cycle, produced a rapid expansion of a portion of the atmosphere of Betelgeuse and an outflow between October 2019 and February 2020. This resulted in a sudden increase in molecular opacity in the cooler upper atmosphere of Betelgeuse and, thus, in the observed unusual decrease of the star’s brightness.
Das Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz in der medizinischen Fachliteratur: Ein Scoping Review
Authors: Führer Amand , König Maximiliane , Kluth Winfried 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die medizinische Versorgung von Asylsuchenden wird durch rechtliche Regelungen – v. a. das Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz (AsylbLG) – erschwert, die die Abrechnung von Leistungen für diese Patientengruppe betreffen. Ärztinnen und Ärzte sollten daher mit dem AsylbLG vertraut sein, um Versorgungsdefizite in der Behandlung dieser vulnerablen Patientengruppe zu vermeiden. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie das AsylbLG in der deutschsprachigen medizinischen Literatur beschrieben wird und inwiefern diese Darstellungen die aus der Literatur bekannten Informationsbedarfe der Ärzteschaft treffen.
Methoden Scoping Review der zwischen 01.01.2015 und 14.04.2020 veröffentlichten deutschsprachigen Literatur zur medizinischen Versorgung von Asylsuchenden in Deutschland.
Ergebnisse In die Analyse wurden 55 Artikel eingeschlossen. Der Großteil der Artikel (80%, n=44) verwies auf das AsylbLG als wichtigen Kontextfaktor medizinischer Versorgung. Während die Gruppe der Leistungsberechtigten und der Zeitraum des Leistungsbezugs überwiegend korrekt beschrieben wurden, war die Darstellung des im AsylbLG vorgesehenen Leistungsumfangs nur bei 16% (n=9) der Artikel korrekt und vollständig. Auf den administrativen Kontext des Gesetzes und seines Regelungsgegenstandes wurde nur selten eingegangen. Zudem wurde das AsylbLG häufig (23%, n=10) – unzutreffender Weise – als normativer Maßstab für ärztliches Handeln präsentiert.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Darstellung des AsylbLG in der Fachliteratur scheint häufig nicht geeignet, Ärztinnen und Ärzten bei den praktischen Problemen in der Versorgung von Asylsuchenden zu helfen. Dafür wäre eine differenziertere Darstellung nötig, die auch die juristische Literatur zum Thema rezipiert.
Analyse des Risikoprofils stationärer Epistaxis-Patienten
Authors: Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Reuter Thea Charlott , Knopf Andreas , Hildenbrand Tanja 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Epistaxis ist eine weit verbreitete Erkrankung, die sowohl dem niedergelassenen Allgemeinmediziner und HNO-Arzt als auch dem in der Klinik tätigen Kollegen häufig begegnet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Patienten, die an der HNO-Universitätsklinik Freiburg zwischen 2014 und 2018 stationär wegen Epistaxis behandelt wurden, hinsichtlich Ätiologie, Risikofaktoren und therapeutischer Maßnahmen zu untersuchen.
Methoden Im Rahmen der retrospektiven Studie wurden die Daten der Patienten mit Epistaxis hinsichtlich Alter, Vorerkrankungen, Dauermedikation, Lokalisation der Blutung, radiologischer Diagnostik und Therapie analysiert. Risikofaktoren für eine längere stationäre Verweildauer und eine Wiederaufnahme wurden bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Die mediane stationäre Aufenthaltsdauer betrug 3,5 Tage. 55 % der Patienten litten unter einer posterioren Epistaxis. 72,3 % der Patienten waren zum Zeitpunkt der stationären Aufnahme antikoaguliert. Häufigste Komorbiditäten waren arterielle Hypertonie (66 %) und Arrhythmie bei Vorhofflimmern (36,1 %). 63,5 % der Fälle wurden mit einer Nasentamponade versorgt. 97 Patienten (14,6 %) mussten operativ versorgt werden. Eine Operation, Transfusion, die posteriore Epistaxis und eine vorhandene Antikoagulation erwiesen sich als Risikofaktoren für eine längere stationäre Verweildauer. Eine vorbekannte Hypertonie, die posteriore Blutung und einfache Antikoagulation erhöhten das Risiko für eine stationäre Wiederaufnahme.
Diskussion Die Bestimmung und Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren erlauben die Identifikation von Patienten mit einem höheren Risiko für einen längeren stationären Aufenthalt und eine stationäre Wiederaufnahme. Ein adäquates Management, abgestimmt auf das Risikoprofil, könnte helfen, die Morbidität auf Seiten der Patienten zu verringern.
Construction of Spiro[3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes] via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 1,2-Diphenylcyclopropenes to Ninhydrin-Derived Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Boitsov Vitali M. , Stepakov Alexander V. , Wang Siqi , Filatov Alexander S. , Lozovskiy Stanislav V. , Shmakov Stanislav V. , Khoroshilova Olesya V. , Larina Anna G. , Selivanov Stanislav I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe multi-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ninhydrin, α-amino acids (or peptides), and cyclopropenes for the synthesis of spirocyclic heterocycles containing both 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane and 2H-indene-1,3-dione motifs has been developed. This method provides easy access to 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,2′-indenes with complete stereoselectivity and a high degree of atom economy under mild reaction conditions. A broad range of cyclopropenes and α-amino acids have been found to be compatible with the present protocol, which offers an opportunity to create a new library of biologically significant scaffold (3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane). In addition, the сomprehensive study of mechanism of azomethine ylide formation from ninhydrin and sarcosine was performed by means of M11 density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It has been revealed that experimentally observed 1-methylspiro[aziridine-2,2′-indene]-1′,3′-dione is a kinetically controlled product of this reaction and appears to act as a 1,3-dipole precursor. This theoretical study also shed light on the main transformations of the azomethine ylide derived from ninhydrin and sarcosine such as a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to cyclopropene dipolarophiles, a dimerization reaction and a (1+5) electrocyclization reaction. The antitumor activity of some synthesized compounds against cervical carcinoma (HeLa­) cell line was evaluated in vitro by MTS-assay.
Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Diverse Heteroannelated 5-Cyanopyridines
Authors: Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Mityuk Andrey P. , Hrebonkin Andrii , Lebed Pavlo S. , Grabchuk Galyna P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe new efficient, convenient protocol for the synthesis of heteroannelated 3-cyanopyridines and pyrimidines starting from diverse aminoheterocycles and 3,3-dimethoxy-2-formylpropionitrile sodium salt was elaborated. The advantages and improvements of the procedure compared to previously known methods are shown. The scope and limitations of the method are determined. The impact of the structural features on regioselectivity are discussed. The preparativeness, scalability, and application scope of the elaborated protocol are demonstrated by the synthesis of five heteroannelated 3-cyanopyridines in quantities up to 100 grams.
Syntheses of Spiro(2-oxopyrrolidinyl)-5,4′-pyrazolones via Organocatalyzed Michael/Ammonolysis Cascade Reaction of 4-Aminopyrazolones and α,β-Unsaturated Acyl Phosphates
Authors: Chen Lin , Li You-Fen , Chen Zheng-Jun , Jiao Wen-Ya , Chen Zhi-Jiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe efficient organocatalyzed Michael/ammonolysis cascade reaction of N-protected 4-aminopyrazolones and α,β-unsaturated acyl phosphates has been developed. This tactic gives rise to architecturally multifarious spiro(2-oxopyrrolidinyl)-5,4′-pyrazolones in good productiveness (up to 88% yield) and with moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 20:1 dr). These novel hybrid heterocycles would be promising candidates for drug-discovery programs and chemical biology.
Self-generating quality control
Authors: Hillman Tomos , Lizzi Vincent 
Published: January 2021

This paper demonstrates how quality control infrastructure can be generated from a single requirements document. Taken from a recent project that is now being used in production at a large journal publisher, it discusses some of the challenges faced and techniques used when generating Schematron, XSpec tests, XML grammar checks, and documentation.
The project set out to implement quality control requirements for journal articles using Schematron. In pursuing this objective, the project also created quality control infrastructure for Schematron itself that streamlines the process for incorporating iterative changes to requirements.
The techniques used in this project and described in this paper may be generally applicable in other projects.
Derivation of Jacobian formula with Dirac delta function
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Ee June-Haak , Yu Chaehyun , Lee Jungil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate how to make the coordinate transformation or change of variables from Cartesian coordinates to curvilinear coordinates by making use of a convolution of a function with Dirac delta functions whose arguments are determined by the transformation functions between the two coordinate systems. By integrating out an original coordinate with a Dirac delta function, we replace the original coordinate with a new coordinate in a systematic way. A recursive use of Dirac delta functions allows the coordinate transformation successively. After replacing every original coordinate into a new curvilinear coordinate, we find that the resultant Jacobian of the corresponding coordinate transformation is automatically obtained in a completely algebraic way. In order to provide insights on this method, we present a few examples of evaluating the Jacobian explicitly without resort to the known general formula.
Rotational collisions via inductive coupling
Authors: D’Anna Michele , Fuchs Hans U 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyze an example of a totally inelastic interaction between two spinning objects from a didactic perspective. We first describe an interpretative model highlighting why a part of the initial rotational energy needs to be dissipated; this point can be visualized in a diagram of capacitive characteristic curves. Subsequently, we propose and discuss a concrete novel experiment, in which an inductive coupling between two spinning objects is realized. A detailed energy analysis and an introduction to dynamical modeling complete the proposed didactical approach.
Large enhancement of magnetic damping in the presence of domain walls in spin valves
Authors: Su Jian , He Wei , Li Gang , Bai He , Zhu Z Z , Zhang Ying , Cheng Z H , Cai J W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnetic damping of the free layer of CoFeB in the spin valve IrMn/CoFe/Cu/CoFeB with large exchange bias has been characterized by frequency-swept ferromagnetic resonance under a series of fixed magnetic fields. The damping constant shows little difference between the parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations, consistent with the theoretical prediction. Remarkably, in the intermediate states of the pinned CoFe layer under reversal, the effective damping constant of the CoFeB layer is significantly enhanced from 0.0119 up to 0.0292. This enhancement, exceeding the effect of the pumped spin current appreciably, is mainly due to the inhomogeneous broadening and/or two-magnon scattering caused by the stray field emerging from the domain walls (DW) of the pinned CoFe layer when its magnetization is partially reversed. Meanwhile, a resonance frequency shift is also observed in the presence of DW. Our result confirms the strong influence of the pinned layer DW on the magnetic damping in spin valves, which should be properly excluded while dealing with the nonlocal spin-transport-induced damping in heterostructures.
Ligand dependent magnetism of the

Jeff

= 3/2 Mott insulator Cs2
MX
6 (M = Ta, Nb, X = Br, Cl)
Authors: Ishikawa Hajime , Yajima Takeshi , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnetic and structural properties of double perovskite type bromides Cs2
MBr6 (M = Ta, Nb), where Ta4+ (5d
1) and Nb4+ (4d
1) ions form the face centered cubic lattice, are investigated and compared with chlorides Cs2
MCl6. Cs2TaBr6 exhibits the effective magnetic moment of 0.24 μ
B, which is much smaller than the spin only value of a d
1 ion, 1.73 μ
B, and comparable to 0.25 μ
B in Cs2TaCl6. On the other hand, the effective magnetic moment of Cs2NbBr6 is 0.7 μ
B and is substantially smaller than 1.0 μ
B in Cs2NbCl6. On cooling, successive structural and magnetic phase transitions accompanying the release of electronic entropy approximately Rln 4 in total as expected for the J
eff = 3/2 state are observed. The type of the ligand changes the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility at low temperature as well as its magnitude. The role of the ligands on the magnetism of J
eff = 3/2 Mott insulators are discussed in the light of metal–ligand hybridization and the electron–lattice coupling.
Q = 0 order in quantum kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Authors: Mondal Kallol , Kadolkar Charudatt 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have studied the nearest neighbor Heisenberg model with added Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction using Schwinger boson mean-field theory considering the in-plane component as well as out-of-plane component. Motivated by the experimental result of vesignieite that the ground state is in a Q = 0 long-range order state, we first looked at the classical ground state of the model and considered the mean-field ansatz which mimics the classical ground state in the large S limit. We have obtained the ground-state phase diagram of this model and calculated properties of different phases. We have also studied the above model numerically using exact diagonalization up to a system size N = 30. We have compared the obtained results from these two approaches. Our results are in agreement with the experimental result of the vesignieite.
Emergence of −s, −p–d band inversion in zincblende gold iodide topological insulator and its thermoelectric properties
Authors: Sattigeri Raghottam M , Gajaria Trupti K , Jha Prafulla K , Śpiewak Piotr , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We employ first-principles calculations to investigate the topological states (TS) and thermoelectric (TE) transport properties of three dimensional (3D) gold iodide (AuI) which belongs to the zincblende family. We explore, semi-metal (SM) to topological conductor (TC) and topological insulator (TI) phase transitions. Under pristine conditions, AuI exhibits Dirac SM nature but, under the influence of mild isotropic compressive pressure the system undergoes electronic quantum phase transition driving it into non-trivial topological state. This state exhibits Dresselhaus like band spin splitting leading to a TC state. In order to realize TI state from the SM state, we break the cubic symmetry of the system by introducing a compressive pressure along (001) crystal direction. The non-trivial TI nature of the system is characterized by the emergence of robust surface states and the

Z

2

invariant ν
0 = 1 which indicates a strong TI nature. A novel facet of the phase transition discussed here is, the −s and −p, −d orbital band inversion mechanism which is unconventional as compared to previously explored TI families. This mechanism unravels new path by which TI materials can be predicted. Also, we investigated the lattice and electronic contributions to the TE transport properties. We characterize the TE performance by calculating the figure of merit (zT) and find that, at room temperature (300 K) and for a fixed doping concentration (i.e., n = 1 × 1019 cm−3) the zT is 0.55 and 0.53 for electrons and holes respectively. This is quite remarkable since, higher values of zT are generally predicted at higher temperature scales whereas, zT values as in the present case are desired at room temperatures for various energy applications. The manifestation of non-trivial TS governed by the unconventional band inversion mechanism and the TE properties of AuI make it a unique multi-functional candidate with probable thermoelectric and spintronic applications.
The National Dose Registry—Canadian occupational exposure to ionising radiation, 1998–2018
Authors: Chen Jing , Prendergast Tim , Prince Philippe , Gaw Adelene , Quayle Debora 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The National Dose Registry (NDR) is owned and operated independently by Health Canada. This paper provides an overview of how the registry operates within the Canadian regulatory structure, followed by an analysis of annual effective dose trends in nine job classes with relatively higher mean annual effective doses, i.e. greater than 1 mSv as reported in 2017. The analysis showed that, with a few exceptions, mean annual effective doses have generally decreased or remained practically unchanged in the past two decades at relatively low exposure levels. This review of occupational dose trends is evidence of the effectiveness of radiation protection programmes in Canada. The NDR has played an important role in the identification of relatively higher dose records and allowed the regulatory bodies to act immediately to ensure appropriate actions were taken.
Improved multiscale weighted-dispersion entropy and its application in fault diagnosis of train bearing
Authors: Li Yongjian , Song Hao , Miao Bingrong , Zhang Weihua , Xiong Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE) is a common method for measuring the complexity of nonlinear time series. However, the uncertainty results by the MDE tool may be unreliable as the coarse-graining procedure will reduce the number of data points at a large scale. In addition, the essential differences between the matching patterns cannot be extracted by MDE. To effectively alleviate the above limitations of MDE, an improved multiscale weighted-dispersion entropy (IMWDE) method is proposed in this article. Weight coefficients and weight probabilities were assigned to each vector to consider the amplitude information, and an improved coarse grained process is proposed for entropy value refinement. The performance of the IMWDE method is evaluated with synthetic data. Based on a powerful algorithm for key feature extraction, a novel intelligent diagnosis technique is proposed by combining classifiers. Finally, real vibration signals collected from axle-box bearings are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the diagnosis scheme. Compared with MDE and IMWDE, the results indicate that the proposed method achieves smaller errors, and the highest diagnosis accuracy.