bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein arrested in the closed state induces potent neutralizing responses
Authors: Carnell George W. , Ciazynska Katarzyna A. , Wells David A. , Xiong Xiaoli , Aguinam Ernest T. , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Mallery Donna , Ebrahimi Soraya , Ceron-Gutierrez Lourdes , James Leo C. , Doffinger Rainer , Heeney Jonathan L. , Briggs John A. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe majority of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use or in advanced clinical development are based on the viral spike protein (S) as their immunogen. S is present on virions as pre-fusion trimers in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) is stochastically open or closed. Neutralizing antibodies have been described that act against both open and closed conformations. The long-term success of vaccination strategies will depend upon inducing antibodies that provide long-lasting broad immunity against evolving, circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, while avoiding the risk of antibody dependent enhancement as observed with other Coronavirus vaccines. Here we have assessed the results of immunization in a mouse model using an S protein trimer that is arrested in the closed state to prevent exposure of the receptor binding site and therefore interaction with the receptor. We compared this with a range of other modified S protein constructs, including representatives used in current vaccines. We found that all trimeric S proteins induce a long-lived, strongly neutralizing antibody response as well as T-cell responses. Notably, the protein binding properties of sera induced by the closed spike differed from those induced by standard S protein constructs. Closed S proteins induced more potent neutralising responses than expected based on the degree to which they inhibit interactions between the RBD and ACE2. These observations suggest that closed spikes recruit different, but equally potent, virus-inhibiting immune responses than open spikes, and that this is likely to include neutralizing antibodies against conformational epitopes present in the closed conformation. Together with their improved stability and storage properties we suggest that closed spikes may be a valuable component of refined, next-generation vaccines.
Role of the mobilome in the global dissemination of the carbapenem resistance geneblaNDM
Authors: Acman Mislav , Wang Ruobing , van Dorp Lucy , Shaw Liam P. , Wang Qi , Luhmann Nina , Yin Yuyao , Sun Shijun , Chen Hongbin , Wang Hui , Balloux Francois 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mobile resistance geneblaNDMencodes the NDM enzyme which hydrolyses carbapenems, a class of antibiotics used to treat some of the most severe bacterial infections.blaNDMis globally distributed across a variety of Gram-negative bacteria on multiple plasmids, typically located within a highly recombining and transposon-rich genomic region. This complexity means the dynamics underlying the dissemination ofblaNDMremain poorly resolved. In this work, we compile a dataset of over 6000 bacterial genomes harbouring theblaNDMgene including 104 newly generated PacBio hybrid assemblies from clinical and livestock associated isolates across China. We develop a novel computational approach to track structural variants surroundingblaNDMin bacterial genomes. This allows us to identify the prevalent genomic contexts ofblaNDMand reconstruct the key mobile genetic elements and events in its global spread. We estimate thatblaNDMemerged on a Tn125transposon before 1985 but only reached a global prevalence around a decade after its first recorded observation in 2005. We find that the Tn125transposon played an important role in early plasmid-mediated jumps ofblaNDMbut was overtaken by other elements in recent years including IS26-flanked pseudo-composite transposons and Tn3000. Lastly, we observe a notable correlation between plasmid backbones bearingblaNDMand the sampling location of isolates. This observation suggests that the dissemination of resistance genes is mainly driven by successive between-plasmid transposon jumps, with plasmid exchange much more restricted due to the adaptation of plasmids to specific bacterial hosts.
Structure of TFIIH/Rad4-Rad23-Rad33 in damaged DNA opening in Nucleotide Excision Repair
Authors: van Eeuwen Trevor , Shim Yoonjung , Kim Hee Jong , Zhao Tingting , Basu Shrabani , Garcia Benjamin A. , Kaplan Craig , Min Jung-Hyun , Murakami Kenji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe versatile nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway initiates as the XPC-RAD23B-CETN2 complex first recognizes DNA lesions from the genomic DNA and recruits the general transcription factor complex, TFIIH, for subsequent lesion verification. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of an NER initiation complex containing Rad4-Rad23-Rad33 (yeast homologue of XPC-RAD23B-CETN2) and 7-subunit core TFIIH assembled on a carcinogen-DNA adduct lesion at 3.9–9.2 Å resolution. A ~30-bp DNA duplex could be mapped as it straddles between Rad4 and the Ssl2 (XPB) subunit of TFIIH on the 3’ and 5’ side of the lesion, respectively. The simultaneous binding with Rad4 and TFIIH was permitted by an unwinding of DNA at the lesion. Translocation coupled with torque generation by Ssl2 would extend the DNA opening at the lesion and deliver the damaged strand to Rad3 (XPD) in an unwound form suitable for subsequent lesion scanning and verification.
Can prognostic factors for indirect muscle injuries in elite football (soccer) players be identified using data from preseason screening? An exploratory analysis using routinely-collected periodic health examination records
Authors: Hughes Tom , Riley Richard D. , Callaghan Michael J. , Sergeant Jamie C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis study used periodic health examination (PHE) data from 134 outfield elite male football players, over 5 seasons (1st July 2013 to 19th May 2018). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine prognostic associations between 36 variables and time-loss, lower extremity index indirect muscle injuries (I-IMIs). Non-linear associations were explored using fractional polynomials. During 317 participant-seasons, 138 I-IMIs were recorded. Univariable associations were determined for previous calf indirect muscle injury (IMI) frequency (OR=1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09 to 2.97), hamstring IMI frequency (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.17 to 2.09), if the most recent hamstring IMI occurred > 12 months but < 3 years prior to PHE (OR= 2.95, 95% CI = 1.51 to 5.73) and age (OR =1.12 per 1-year increase, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.18). Multivariable analyses demonstrated that if a player’s most recent previous hamstring IMI was >12 months but <3 years prior to PHE (OR= 2.24, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.53), then this was the only variable with added prognostic value over and above age (OR=1.12 per 1-year increase, 95%CI = 1.05 to 1.18). Allowing non-linear associations conferred no advantage over linear ones. Therefore, PHE has limited use for injury risk prediction.
Sleep disorders predict the one-year onset, persistence, but not remission of psychotic experiences in pre-adolescence: a longitudinal analysis of the ABCD cohort data
Authors: Reeve Sarah , Bell Vaughan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe relationship between sleep disorder and psychotic experiences in preadolescence has not been extensively studied despite the potential for intervention. The current study addresses this relationship using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort, which provides baseline data from 11,830 10 to 11-year-olds; for 4910 of these 1-year follow-up data is also available. A set of pre-registered multi-level regression models were applied to test whether a) sleep disorder is associated with psychotic experiences at baseline; b) baseline sleep disorder predicts psychotic experiences at follow-up; c) the persistence of sleep disorder predicts persistence of psychotic experiences at follow-up; d) the remission of sleep disorder predicts the remission of psychotic experiences at follow-up. After controlling for potential confounders, sleep disorder was associated with psychotic experiences cross-sectionally (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.63), at one-year follow-up (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57), and the persistence of sleep disorder predicted the persistence of psychotic experiences (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.44-2.04). However, remission of sleep problems did not predict remission of psychotic experiences (OR=1.041, 95% CI 0.80-1.35). The results indicate that sleep disorders in preadolescence are common and associated with psychotic experiences, although the lack of co-remission raises questions about the mechanism of association. However, given these findings, and existing evidence in later adolescence and adults, further investigation of sleep as a preventative mental health intervention in this age group is warranted.
Inequalities and policy gaps in maternal health among Empowered Action Group (EAG) States in India: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Malik Manzoor Ahmad , Akhtar Saddaf Naaz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHealth inequality in maternal health is one of the serious challenges currently faced by public health experts. Maternal mortality in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states is highest and so are the health inequalities prevalent. We have made a comprehensive attempt to understand maternal health inequality and the risk factors concerning the EAG states in India, using recent data of Demography Health Survey of India (2015-16). Bi-variate, multivariate logistic regression, and concentration indices were used. The study has measured the four outcome variables of maternal health namely antenatal care of at least 4 visits, institutional delivery, contraceptive use, and unmet need. The study revealed that better maternal health is heavily concentrated among the richer households, while the negative concentration index of unmet need clearly reflected the greater demand for higher unmet need among the poor households in the EAG states of India. Challenges of inequalities still persist at large in maternal health, but to achieve better health these inequalities must be reduced. Since inequality mainly affects the poor households due to a lower level of income. Therefore, specific measures must be taken from a demand-side perspective in order to enhance their income and reduce the disparities in the EAG states of India.
Combining symbolic regression with the Cox proportional hazards model improves prediction of heart failure deaths
Authors: Wilstup Casper , Cave Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeart failure is a clinical syndrome characterised by a reduced ability of the heart to pump blood. Patients with heart failure have a high mortality rate, and physicians need reliable prognostic predictions to make informed decisions about the appropriate application of devices, transplantation, medications, and palliative care. In this study, we demonstrate that combining symbolic regression with the Cox proportional hazards model improves the ability to predict death due to heart failure compared to using the Cox proportional hazards model alone.We used a newly invented symbolic regression method called the QLat-tice to analyse a data set of medical records for 299 Pakistani patients diagnosed with heart failure. The QLattice identified a minimal set of mathematical transformations of the available covariates, which we then used in a Cox model to predict survival.An exponential function of age, the inverse of ejection fraction, and the inverse of serum creatinine were identified as the best risk factors for predicting heart failure deaths. A Cox model fitted on these transformed covariates had improved predictive performance compared with a Cox model on the same covariates without mathematical transformations.Symbolic regression is a way to find transformations of covariates from patients’ medical records which can improve the performance of survival regression models. At the same time, these simple functions are intuitive and easy to apply in clinical settings. The direct interpretability of the simple forms may help researchers gain new insights into the actual causal pathways leading to deaths.
Does International Financial Reporting Standard 8 improve the firms' information environment?
Authors: Lenormand Gaëlle , Touchais Lionel 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis article analyzes the effect of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 8 on the informational content of segment data. It aims to assess the change in quality of the financial analysts' and the shareholders' information environment due to the new segment reporting standard to verify the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) expectations and the conclusions of its post-implementation review.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 250 companies listed on Euronext Paris in France, a country with poor legal protection for shareholders, over a nine-year period, the authors test whether the new standard makes the financial analysts' forecasts more accurate and reduces the implied cost of equity capital.FindingsThe findings show that IFRS 8 partially improves the informational content of segment data, partially supporting the outcome of IASB. The management approach may have forced some firms to change their segmentation to provide a more economic view of the business. The poor legal protection for shareholders in France may explain this result.Research limitations/implicationsDue to proprietary and agency costs, firms may withhold segment information whatever the standard used.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the ongoing debate about IFRS 8 and may interest financial statement users and the international standard-setter for such a criticized standard.Originality/valueThe results contribute to the segment reporting literature by addressing the partial improvement of information environment under the managerial approach in a country with lower investor protection.
Documenting social justice in library and information science research: a literature review
Authors: Winberry Joseph , Bishop Bradley Wade 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide an overview of social justice research in library and information science (LIS) literature in order to identify the research quantity, what populations or settings were included and future directions for this area of the discipline through examination of when related research was published, what contexts it covered and what contributions LIS researchers have made in this research area.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews results from two LIS literature databases—Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA) and Library and Information Science Source (LISS)—that use the term “social justice” in title, abstract or full text to explicitly or implicitly describe their research.FindingsThis review of the literature using the term social justice to describe LIS research recognizes the significant increase in quantities of related research over the first two decades of the 21st century as well as the emergence of numerous contexts in which that research is situated. The social justice research identified in the literature review is further classified into two primary contribution categories: indirect action (i.e. steps necessary for making change possible) or direct action (i.e. specific steps, procedures and policies to implement change).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study provide a stronger conceptualization of the contributions of existing social justice research through examination of past work and guides next steps for the discipline.Practical implicationsThe conceptualizations and related details provided in this study help identify gaps that could be filled by future scholarship.Originality/valueWhile social justice research in LIS has increased in recent years, few studies have explored the landscape of existing research in this area.
Social environment: Trait, context and agent for selection in a meta‐population
Authors: Vander Wal Eric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Focus: Formica, V., Donald, H., Marti, H., Irgebay, Z., Brodie III, E. Social network position experiences more variable selection than weaponry in wild subpopulations of forked fungus beetles. Journal of Animal Ecology, 90, 168–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13322. That social network traits can exhibit consistent‐individual differences among individuals and confer a fitness benefit or cost is increasingly well‐established. However, how selection—natural or sexual—affects those social traits and at what scale remains an open question. In this Special Feature, Formica and colleagues employ a meta‐population of forked fungus beetles to test and contrast whether sexual selection on social network traits contrasted to morphological traits occurs at the local (soft) or global (hard) scales. The authors demonstrate that morphological traits are largely under hard directional positive selection, whereas social traits are under soft and variable selection. The findings are compelling and raise interesting discussion of multi‐level selection and the evolution of social traits in a meta‐population.
Nutrient availability predicts multiple stem frequency, an indicator of species resprouting capacity in tropical forests
Authors: Heineman Katherine D. , Turner Benjamin L. , Dalling James W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Resprouting capacity is a key component of plant life history. While resprouting requires substantial nutrient reserves to support new growth, the influence of soil fertility on resprouting is largely unknown.

We tested whether the frequency of multi‐stemmed trees, a potential indicator of resprouting history, is associated with low soil fertility, reflecting selection for conservative life histories that enhance survival, or with high fertility, reflecting greater resource availability to support regrowth.

Data from the Barro Colorado Island (BCI) 50‐ha plot in Panama showed that multi‐stemmed trees are more likely to resprout during their lifetime than single‐stemmed trees, and that multiple stem frequency has a strong taxonomic signal for adult trees.

To test how multiple stem frequency varies with demographic rates and nutrient allocation strategies, we compiled functional trait datasets for 71 species from lowland forest on BCI and 43 species from lower montane forest in western Panama. We also assessed environmental correlates of community‐wide multiple stem frequency in thirty‐seven 1‐ha lowland plots in the Panama Canal watershed and twelve 1‐ha montane plots in western Panama, spanning gradients of rainfall and soil fertility.

Multiple stem frequency was not correlated with species demographic rates or wood density, suggesting that resprouting is unrelated to classical ‘persistence’ traits in neotropical tree species. Multiple stem frequency of tree species occurring on BCI was weakly but significantly positively correlated with regional soil phosphorus associations, but unrelated to foliar nutrient concentrations.

Multiple stem frequency covaried strongly with soil and tissue nutrient status across fertility gradients. It was significantly positively correlated with nutrient allocation traits, including foliar phosphorus and wood nitrogen and phosphorus, among species sampled across soil habitats in western Panama. At the community level, the proportion of woody stems >10 cm DBH with at least one multiple stem increased with plant available soil phosphorus.

Synthesis. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which soil phosphorus availability influences tree recruitment and forest dynamics by facilitating resprouting. Future experiments should seek to understand whether soil fertility mediates resprouting frequency through nutrient supply directly, or via the formation of enhanced wood nutrient reserves.
Foreign Venture Capitalists and Access to Foreign Research: The Case of US Initial Public Offerings
Authors: Chahine Salim , Goergen Marc , Saade Samer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether foreign venture capital (VC) firms create value above and beyond the value created by domestic VC firms in US initial public offering (IPO) firms. Contributing to an emerging literature on the role and effects of foreign VC firms, we study whether such VC firms enhance innovation by their investee firms. While high levels of innovation are a prerequisite for future value creation, as well as for maintaining the firm's competitive advantage, the extant literature nevertheless suggests that investors struggle with valuing innovation input when firms are about to go public. Ultimately, this results in greater rather than lower IPO underpricing. We argue that foreign VC firms, especially those from countries with high patent activity, increase the innovation levels of their investee firms. In turn, their presence in the VC syndicate signals the greater likelihood of the investee firm successfully turning innovation input (i.e. research and development (R&D) expenditures) into innovation output (i.e. patents), resulting in lower IPO underpricing. Studying a sample of 995 US IPOs conducted during 2000–2016, we find strong and consistent support for the above arguments.
The Guardian and Press Reform: a Wheel Come Full Circle
Authors: Cathcart Brian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the decade 2008–18, between the eruption of the phone hacking scandal and the cancellation of part two of the Leveson Inquiry, the editorial position of The Guardian on press regulation went from indifference to demanding wholesale reform, and then back to indifference and even active opposition to change. Inevitably, this entailed reversals and contradictions, yet these were not acknowledged to the newspaper’s readers, who are left with a misleading impression of continuity. This study, by an academic and journalist who campaigned for regulatory reform throughout this period, aims to shed light on The Guardian’s 360‐degree progression by reference to its editorials and other published statements.
Secondary hypereosinophilic syndrome: an unusual manifestation in a patient with syringotropic mycosis fungoides and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Reguero‐Del Cura Leandra , Pérez‐Paredes María Genma , Cortés‐Vázquez Miguel Angel , López‐Sundh Ana Elisabet , González‐Vela María Carmen , Gómez‐Fernández Cristina , González‐López Marcos Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSyringotropic mycosis fungoides is a very rare variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas characterised by prominent involvement of the eccrine glands. Hypereosinophilic syndrome refers to a rare group of conditions that are associated with persistent eosinophilia with organ involvement. It is classified into idiopathic, primary and secondary (reactive). We report herein an unusual case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with great impact on morbidity, which developed in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection and long‐time misdiagnosed syringotropic mycosis fungoides.