bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkali Activated Fly Ash-Based Concrete: Evaluation of Curing Process Using Non-Linear Ultrasonic Approach
Authors: Nikvar-Hassani Arash , Alnuaimi Hamad N. , Amjad Umar , Sasmal Saptarshi , Zhang Lianyang , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the applicability of the nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) method using ultrasonic signals to monitor the curing of alkali-activated fly ash-based concrete (AAFC). The evaluation was carried out on AAFC specimens with two different water/binder (W/B) ratios of 0.3 and 0.5 and after curing at 60 °C for 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. The signals are recorded and analyzed using linear and non-linear ultrasonic techniques. The results show that the non-linear ultrasonic technique has a clear advantage over the linear ultrasonic technique when monitoring the curing of AAFC specimens with a lower W/B ratio. However, the specimens with the higher W/B ratio do not undergo proper curing and therefore do not show clear distinctions between the curing times measured from the two ultrasonic techniques. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the AAFC specimens at different W/B ratios and curing times is also measured. The UCS results showed a good correlation with the ultrasonic results.
Bearing Life Calculations in Rotating and Oscillating Applications
Authors: Houpert Luc , Menck Oliver 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article begins by describing standard bearing life models in continuous rotation before going on to explain how the bearing life can be calculated for roller and ball bearings in oscillatory applications. An oscillation factor aosc is introduced, which accounts for the oscillating and stationary ring. This can be calculated numerically as a function of the oscillation angle θ and load zone parameter ɛ as well the parameters γ = D · cos α / dm and the ball-race osculation factors. Critical angles as used by Rumbarger are also employed at low θ values. Appropriate curve-fitted relationships for both roller and ball bearings are then given for a simple calculation of aosc with an accuracy of approximately 10%. Finally, several methods are suggested for estimating the ɛ parameter using a real case with a finite element analysis load distribution accounting for structural ring deformation and ball-race contact angle variations. The results derived in this article allow the lifetime of any arbitrary oscillating ball or roller bearing to be calculated.
Theoretical Modeling of Conformal Criterion for Flexible Electronics Attached Onto Complex Surface
Authors: Xiao Lin , Cheng Ming , Chen Furong , Jiang Shan , Huang YongAn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transferring completed electronic devices onto curvilinear surfaces is popular for fabricating three-dimensional curvilinear electronics with high performance, while the problems of conformality between the unstretchable devices and the surfaces need to be considered. Prior conformability design based on conformal mechanics model is a feasible way to reduce the non-conformal contact. Former studies mainly focused on stretchable film electronics conforming onto soft bio-tissue with a sinusoidal form microscopic morphology or unstretchable film conforming onto rigid sphere substrate, which limits its applicability in the aspect of shapes and modulus of the substrate. Here, a conformal mechanics model with general geometric shape and material is introduced by choosing a bicurvature surface as the target surface, and the conformal contact behavior of film electronics is analyzed. All eight fundamental local surface features are obtained by adjusting two principal curvatures of the bicurvature surface, and the conformal performance is simulated. A dimensionless conformal criterion is given by minimizing the total energy as a function of seven dimensionless parameters, including four in geometric and three in the material. Thickness–width ratio and length–width ratio of flexible electronics are two key geometric parameters that decide the conformal behavior, and smaller thickness–width ratio and length–width ratio are favorite for conformal contact. The model and analysis results are verified by the finite element analysis, and it can guide the prior conformability design of the curvilinear electronic devices during the planar manufacturing process.
Design and Evaluation of a Parallel Cable-Driven Shoulder Mechanism With Series Springs
Authors: Xu Pengpeng , Li Juncheng , Li Shuoyu , Xia Dan , Zeng Ziniu , Yang Nachuan , Xie Longhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Upper limb paralysis and movement disorders resulting from neurologic injuries can be treated with an upper limb exoskeleton robot that assists with movement retraining. Cable-driven exoskeletons have been widely studied because of their lightness, compact structure, and low cost. However, the problems of shoulder squeeze force and system stability have not been solved. In this article, we present a prototype parallel cable-driven shoulder mechanism with series springs. The theoretical analysis suggests that the stability of the mechanism is improved compared with that of the previous mechanism, and the effects of stiffness, upper limb weight, and mechanism parameters on the shoulder joint extrusion pressure are analyzed by simulation and experimental results. The results show that this mechanism plays an important role in reducing or eliminating the shoulder squeeze pressure and improving the stability of the mechanism. Moreover, the mechanism has good portability and can be combined with other exoskeletons to facilitate various robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation training.
Hydrodynamics Modeling of a Piezoelectric Micro-Robotic Fish With Double Caudal Fins
Authors: Zhao Quanliang , Chen Jinghao , Zhang Hongkuan , Zhang Zhonghai , Liu Zhikai , Liu Shiqi , Di Jiejian , He Guangping , Zhao Lei , Zhang Mengying , Su Tingting , Liang Xu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An analytical hydrodynamics model for a piezoelectric micro-robotic fish with double caudal fins is presented in this paper. The relation between displacement of the piezoelectric actuator and oscillating angle of the caudal fin is established based on the analysis of the flexible four-bar linkage transmission. The hydrodynamics of caudal fins are described by airfoil and blade element theories. Furthermore, the dynamics and kinetics of the whole micro-robotic fish are analyzed and validated by experiments.
The dried fruit mite Carpoglyphus lactis (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) is a suitable alternative prey for Amblyseius herbicolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Zhang Keshi , Zhang Zhi-Qiang 
Published: November 2021

Being generalist predators makes many members of the Phytoseiidae family a more favourable choice for biocontrol. Amblyseius herbicolus, a predator of several phytophagous pest mites and insects, has recently gained focus as an important biocontrol agent. Most studies focus on providing alternative food such as pollens as a way to increase their persistence on the targets when prey is absent. In this study, we evaluated the developmental and reproductive performance of A. herbicolus on two different diets: the dried fruit mite Carpoglyphus lactis and Raupo Typha orientalis pollen. The groups treated with C. lactis took 7 days to reach adulthood, while the groups treated with pollen took 11 days. The pollen-treated mites did not reproduce but this is likely due to the reduction of pollen quality. When given C. lactis, A. herbicolus produced more than 20 eggs over two weeks and the adults survived 18–19 days. The ratio of A. herbicolus egg to C. lactis adult used (1:20, 40 & 120) in the experiment did not affect the final population size. Cannibalism and competition seemed to affect all treatments, especially those cells started with three A. herbicolus eggs. Under laboratory conditions, A. herbicolus can be successfully cultured using C. lactis, which is an advantageous method for the laboratory and mass rearing of A. herbicolus.
Stent-retriever alone versus combined use of stent-retriever and contact aspiration technique for middle cerebral artery M2 occlusions: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Pérez-García Carlos , Rosati Santiago , Gómez-Escalonilla Carlos , Arrazola Juan , López-Frías Alfonso , González Eva , Fondevila Jon , Vega Pedro , Murias Eduardo , Jimenez-Gomez Elvira , Bravo Rey Isabel , Macho Juan , San Roman Luis , Rodriguez Caamaño Isabel , Paipa Andres Julián , Remollo Sebastian , Aguilar Tejedor Yeray , Bermúdez-Coronel Isabel , Moliner Sarai , Pumar José Manuel , Bashir Saima , Puig Josep , López-Rueda Antonio , Blasco Jordi , Nogueira Raul G , Moreu Manuel 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe optimal endovascular treatment (EVT) technique for middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 segment occlusions remains unknown. We aim to analyze whether reperfusion rate, procedure times, procedure-related complications, and clinical outcome differed between patients with isolated M2 occlusions who underwent stent-retriever (SR) alone versus combined SR and contact aspiration (CA) as a front-line EVT.MethodsPatients who underwent EVT for isolated MCA-M2 occlusion were recruited from the prospectively ongoing ROSSETTI registry. Patients were divided regarding the EVT approach into SR alone versus SR+CA and propensity score matching was used to achieve baseline balance. Demographic, procedural, safety, and clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of first-pass effect (FPE) and 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2.Results214 patients underwent EVT for M2 occlusion, 125 treated with SR alone and 89 with SR+CA. Propensity score matchnig analysis selected 134 matched patients. The rates of FPE (42% vs 40%, p=1.000) and 90-day mRS 0–2 (60% vs 51%, p=0.281) were comparable between groups. Patients treated with SR alone had lower need of rescue therapy (p=0.006), faster times to reperfusion (p<0.001), and lower procedure-related complications (p=0.031). Higher initial Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was an independent predictor of FPE. Age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and procedure duration were significant predictors of good clinical outcome at 3 months.ConclusionsAs front-line modality in M2 occlusions, the SR alone approach results in similar rates of reperfusion and good clinical outcomes to combined SR+CA and might be advantageous due to faster reperfusion times and fewer adverse events.
Dirac CP phases in a 3 + 1 neutrino scenario with $$\mu -\tau $$ symmetry
Authors: Becerra-García Eduardo , Pérez-Lorenzana Abdel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA sterile neutrino in the $$3+1$$

3
+
1

scheme, where the sterile accounts for neutrino anomalies not explained solely by the weak active neutrinos, arises as a natural source for the breaking of the $$\mu -\tau $$

μ
-
τ

symmetry suggested by oscillation neutrino data. We explore the predictions for the Dirac CP phases in this scenario, with and without sterile neutrino decay, and show that current limits on $$\delta _{CP}$$

δ

CP

suggest a normal hierarchy and a lightest neutrino scale below 0.1 eV as the most plausible explanation for that, when Majorana phases are null. Other Dirac phases turn out to be non zero as well.
Melting Pot or Salad Bowl: Metro Manila's Cultural Heterogeneity
Authors: Soriano Ronald N. 
Published: November 2021

Metro Manila is the bustling capital of the Philippines that has varied cultural influences. This study determined the perceptions of 200 respondents from selected government and private companies’ employees in the National Capital Region towards Metro Manila’s Salad Bowl of Homogeneity and Cultural Heterogeneity. Concurrent Triangulation was utilized to gather the perceptions of 200 government and private companies’ employees and corroborate findings within the study. Based on the results, people who keep in touch with their immediate kin and sometimes visit home to celebrate usual practices have the highest mean score of 3.25. On the other hand, people who were born in Metro Manila to parents who were from provinces thrive to learn about their native culture and family practices have the lowest mean score of 2.12, such that Metro Manila is a cultural melting pot due to its cultural heterogeneity. Metro Manila is a blend of the world’s culture, food, and languages, and diverse way of life.
Clinical Value of Stress Transaortic Flow Rate During Dobutamine Echocardiography in Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Vamvakidou Anastasia , Annabi Mohamed-Salah , Pibarot Phillipe , Plonska-Gosciniak Edyta , Almeida Ana G. , Guzzetti Ezequiel , Dahou Abdellaziz , Burwash Ian G. , Koschutnik Matthias , Bartko Philipp E. , Bergler-Klein Jutta , Mascherbauer Julia , Orwat Stefan , Baumgartner Helmut , Cavalcante Joao , Pinto Fausto , Kukulski Tomasz , Kasprzak Jaroslaw D. , Clavel Marie-Annick , Flachskampf Frank A. , Senior Roxy 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Low rest transaortic flow rate (FR) has been shown previously to predict mortality in low-gradient aortic stenosis. However limited prognostic data exists on stress FR during low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography. We aimed to assess the value of stress FR for the detection of aortic valve stenosis (AS) severity and the prediction of mortality.

Methods:

This is a multicenter cohort study of patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and low-gradient aortic stenosis (aortic valve area <1 cm
2
and mean gradient <40 mm Hg) who underwent low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography to identify the AS severity and presence of flow reserve. The outcome assessed was all-cause mortality.

Results:

Of the 287 patients (mean age, 75±10 years; males, 71%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 31±10%) over a mean follow-up of 24±30 months there were 127 (44.3%) deaths and 147 (51.2%) patients underwent aortic valve intervention. Higher stress FR was independently associated with reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.94–0.99];
P
=0.01) after adjusting for age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure symptoms, aortic valve intervention, and rest left ventricular ejection fraction. The minimum cutoff for prediction of mortality was stress FR 210 mL/s. Following adjustment to the same important clinical and echocardiographic parameters, among the three criteria of AS severity during stress, ie, the guideline definition of aortic valve area <1cm
2
and aortic valve mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg, or aortic valve mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg, or the novel definition of aortic valve area <1 cm
2
at stress FR ≥210 mL/s, only the latter was independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.05–2.82];
P
=0.03). Furthermore aortic valve area <1cm
2
at stress FR ≥210 mL/s was the only severe aortic stenosis criterion that was associated with improved outcome following aortic valve intervention (
P
<0.001). Guideline-defined stroke volume flow reserve did not predict mortality.

Conclusions:
Stress FR during low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography was useful for the detection of both AS severity and flow reserve and was associated with improved prediction of outcome following aortic valve intervention.
Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness by Cardiovascular Disease Category and Testing Modality: Data From FRIEND
Authors: Peterman James E. , Arena Ross , Myers Jonathan , Marzolini Susan , Ades Philip A. , Savage Patrick D. , Lavie Carl J. , Kaminsky Leonard A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for stratifying risk and guiding clinical decisions in patients with cardiovascular disease is well‐established. To optimize the clinical value of cardiorespiratory fitness, normative reference standards are essential. The purpose of this report is to extend previous cardiorespiratory fitness normative standards by providing updated cardiorespiratory fitness reference standards according to cardiovascular disease category and testing modality.

Methods and Results

The analysis included 15 045 tests (8079 treadmill, 6966 cycle) from FRIEND (Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database). Using data from tests conducted January 1, 1974, through March 1, 2021, percentiles of directly measured peak oxygen consumption (VO
2peak
) were determined for each decade from 30 through 89 years of age for men and women with a diagnosis of coronary artery bypass surgery, myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or heart failure. There were significant differences between sex and age groups for VO
2peak
(
P
<0.001). The mean VO
2peak
was 23% higher for men compared with women and VO
2peak
decreased by a mean of 7% per decade for both sexes. Among each decade, the mean VO
2peak
from treadmill tests was 21% higher than the VO
2peak
from cycle tests. Differences in VO
2peak
were observed among the age groups in both sexes according to cardiovascular disease category.

Conclusions
This report provides normative reference standards by cardiovascular disease category for both men and women performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. These updated and enhanced reference standards can assist with patient risk stratification and guide clinical care.
Cause of Death After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: SWEDEHEART Observational Study
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Persson Michael , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: November 2021

Background
Prior studies showed that life expectancy in patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) was lower than in the general population. Explanations for this shorter life expectancy are unknown. The aim of this nationwide, observational cohort study was to investigate the cause‐specific death following surgical AVR.

Methods and Results
We included 33 018 patients who underwent primary surgical AVR in Sweden between 1997 and 2018, with or without coronary artery bypass grafting. The SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web‐System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) register and other national health‐data registers were used to obtain and characterize the study cohort and to identify causes of death, categorized as cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, or other causes of death. The relative risks for cause‐specific mortality in patients who underwent AVR compared with the general population are presented as standardized mortality ratios. During a mean follow‐up period of 7.3 years (maximum 22.0 years), 14 237 (43%) patients died. The cumulative incidence of death from cardiovascular, cancer‐related, or other causes was 23.5%, 8.3%, and 11.6%, respectively, at 10 years, and 42.8%, 12.8%, and 23.8%, respectively, at 20 years. Standardized mortality ratios for cardiovascular, cancer‐related, and other causes of death were 1.79 (95% CI, 1.75–1.83), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97–1.04), and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05–1.12), respectively.

Conclusions
We found that life expectancy following AVR was lower than in the general population. Lower survival after AVR was explained by an increased relative risk of cardiovascular death. Future studies should focus on the role of earlier surgery in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis and on optimizing treatment and follow‐up after AVR.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02276950.
Nanoliposomes Reduce Stroke Injury Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
Authors: Ahmad Saif , Truran Seth , Karamanova Nina , Kindelin Adam , Lozoya Maria , Weissig Volkmar , Emerson Hannah , Griffiths Daniel R. , Vail Tyler , Lifshitz Jonathan , Ducruet Andrew F. , Migrino Raymond Q. 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:
Neuroprotective strategies for stroke remain inadequate. Nanoliposomes comprised of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and monosialogangliosides (nanoliposomes) induced an antioxidant protective response in endothelial cells exposed to amyloid insults. We tested the hypotheses that nanoliposomes will preserve human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells viability following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)–reoxygenation and will reduce injury in mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Methods:
SH-SY5Y and human brain microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation–reoxygenation (3 hours 0.5%–1% oxygen and glucose-free media followed by 20-hour ambient air/regular media) without or with nanoliposomes (300 µg/mL). Viability was measured (calcein-acetoxymethyl fluorescence) and protein expression of antioxidant proteins HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), NQO1 (NAD[P]H quinone dehydrogenase 1), and SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) were measured by Western blot. C57BL/6J mice were treated with saline (n=8) or nanoliposomes (10 mg/mL lipid, 200 µL, n=7) while undergoing 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Day 2 postinjury neurological impairment score and infarction size were compared.

Results:

SH-SY5Y and human brain microvascular endothelial cells showed reduced viability post–oxygen-glucose deprivation–reoxygenation that was reversed by nanoliposomes. Nanoliposomes increased protein expressions of HO-1, NQO1 in both cell types and SOD1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Nanoliposomes-treated mice showed reduced neurological impairment and brain infarct size (18.8±2% versus 27.3±2.3%,
P
=0.017) versus controls.

Conclusions:
Nanoliposomes reduced stroke injury in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion likely through induction of an antioxidant protective response. Nanoliposome is a candidate novel agent for stroke.
Characterizing English Variation across Social Media Communities with
BERT
Authors: Lucy Li , Bamman David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Much previous work characterizing language variation across Internet social groups has focused on the types of words used by these groups. We extend this type of study by employing BERT to characterize variation in the senses of words as well, analyzing two months of English comments in 474 Reddit communities. The specificity of different sense clusters to a community, combined with the specificity of a community’s unique word types, is used to identify cases where a social group’s language deviates from the norm. We validate our metrics using user-created glossaries and draw on sociolinguistic theories to connect language variation with trends in community behavior. We find that communities with highly distinctive language are medium-sized, and their loyal and highly engaged users interact in dense networks.