bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Digital Intervention on Perceived Stress, Resiliency, Social Support, and Intention to Leave Among Newly Licensed Graduate Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Concilio Lisa , Lockhart Joan Such , Kronk Rebecca , Oermann Marilyn , Brannan Jane , Schreiber James B. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The nursing shortage has been deemed a public health crisis as the turnover rate of newly licensed graduate nurses (NLGNs) continues to grow. One of five NLGNs are leaving the profession due to work dissatisfaction and feelings of inadequacy, risking patient safety.

Method:

A prospective, randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a 6-week digital intervention (text messaging) on NLGNs' self-reported stress, resiliency, sense of support, and intention to leave their jobs, organization, and profession. Messages to the experimental group (
n
= 10) conveyed emotional, esteem, and networking support, and messages to the control group (
n
= 11) were medical facts.

Results:
The digital intervention in the form of medical facts increased the control group's sense of social support. Stress, resilience, and intention to leave their jobs, organizations, or profession did not change for either the control or experimental group.

Conclusion:

A digital intervention, such as text messaging, potentially can increase NLGNs' sense of support during their first year of hire.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(8):367–374.]
Morphological evaluation of bulb and distal duodenal biopsies in pediatric celiac disease with clinical and serological correlation
Authors: Singaravel Saranya , Tandon Rajesh , Vohra Pankaj 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims:
An early correct diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is fundamental to reversal of symptoms and prevention of complications in pediatric patients. Our aim was to evaluate the role of duodenal bulb biopsy by studying the degree of mucosal damage in the duodenal bulb (D1) and second part of the duodenum (D2) and correlating the findings with serum IgA anti-tTG levels.

Settings and Design:
Pediatric patients (age <18 years) with clinical suspicion of CD and positive IgA anti-tTG titers were consecutively enrolled over a period of one year. Demographic variables, anthropometry, clinical history, laboratory values and endoscopic findings were studied. Endoscopic biopsies obtained from D1 and D2 were evaluated and assigned histopathologic grades that were correlated with serology.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were employed.

Results:
A total of 37 clinically suspected cases of pediatric CD were studied. The mean age was 6.7 years and the M:F ratio was 1:1.3. Thirty-two (32) children had varying degrees of growth impairment. Eight (8) children had only extra-intestinal symptoms. Thirty (30) children were anemic, hypoalbuminemia was seen in five (5) children while transaminitis was seen in two (2) children. IgA anti-tTG >300 U/ml was associated with Marsh-Oberhuber Grade 3 morphology at atleast one site.

Conclusions:
Low positive serology values should be confirmed by histopathology. Biopsies should be taken even in the absence of endoscopic abnormality. Additional D1 biopsies placed in a separate container can increase the diagnostic yield.
Expression of CD44 and CD133 stem cell markers in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
Authors: Gupta Parul , Rizvi Sania Z. , Lal Nirupma , Gupta Vishal , Srivastav Anand N. , Musa Osman 
Published: July 2021

Context:
Role of cancer stem cells in the esophageal carcinogenesis is not clear.

Aim:
To assess the expression of CD44 and CD133 cancer stem cell markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its predisposing lesions by immunohistochemistry.

Setting and Design:
Prospective study as a part of an intramural research project.

Materials and Methods:
Tissues samples were obtained with endoscopic biopsy and from surgically resected esophageal specimens. Fifty cases each of histopathologically diagnosed cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its predisposing lesions (mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia and esophagitis) were evaluated for stem cell marker CD44 and C133 by immunohistochemistry using a scoring system.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc tests (Tukey-HSD) were used as appropriate for data analysis. Two sided P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:
CD44 expression was significantly higher in ESCC as compared to dysplasia and esophagitis (mean IS 7.92 ± 1.45 vs. 6.34 ± 0.80 vs 5.15 ± 0.86 respectively, P< 0.001). CD133 expression was also significantly higher in ESCC as compared to dysplasia (mean IS 6.82 ± 1.57 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00 respectively, P <0.001) while esophagitis showed no expression. CD44 and CD133 expressions were significantly higher in poorly differentiated ESCC than moderately differentiated and well differentiated lesions (CD44 mean IS 6.94 ± 1.44 vs 8.17 ± 1.38 vs. 8.63 ± 1.02 respectively, P <0.001 and CD 133 mean IRS 5.63 ± 0.81 vs 6.00 ± 00 vs. 9.0 ± 00 respectively, P <0.001).

Conclusion:
Significantly higher expression of CD44 and CD133 cancer stem cell markers in ESCC as compared to its predisposing lesions (esophagitis and dysplasia) suggests its role in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Parents attitudes toward the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
Authors: Hendaus Mohamed A. , Hassan Manasik , Alsulaiti Moza , Mohamed Tasabeh , Mohamed Reem , Yasrab Dure , Mahjoob Hadeel , Alhammadi Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the leading causes of cervical and genital cancer in both genders.

Purpose:
To delineate parental attitude regarding HPV in Qatar.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted at Sidra Medicine, Qatar.

Results:
A total of 334 questioners were completed. More than 60% of the parents were not aware that HPV can cause cervical and genital cancer. When asked about the level of comfort in giving their children a vaccine that would prevent them from getting genital cancer, 77% of the participants answered “very comfortable.” Interestingly, less than 4% of the parents stated that their children's primary care physicians ever mentioned that such a vaccine exists. When asked about the most preferable mode of receiving information regarding the HPV vaccine, 54% preferred the clinician's office, followed by 34% of whom preferred social media. In terms of the preferred age to receive the vaccine, 45% of the participants preferred to administer the vaccine to their children before they were mature enough to understand sexual relations, while 22% recommended vaccination right before marriage and 15% preferred to wait till they were grown up and decide for themselves. Furthermore, only 42% of the caregivers agreed that it is important to explain to their children that the vaccine can protect against some of the sexually transmitted infections. Finally, approximately 20% of the participants were not convinced about the HPV vaccine.

Conclusion:
A large proportion of parents residing in Qatar have a positive perception regarding the HPV vaccine. TheParents’ attitudes and perceptions are considered indispensable targets for community health intervention. We will share the result of our study with the ministry of public health in Qatar with a goal to incorporate the HPV vaccine in the National Immunization Schedule.
Schoolteacher's knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward student with epilepsy in Taif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzhrani Sarah Hasan , AlSufyani Maram Hassan , Abdullah Rehab Ismail , Almalki Sultan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Globally, teachers have misconceptions about epilepsy and its management. Little is known about Saudi Teachers’ knowledge about epilepsy in Taif City.

Method:
Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of schoolteachers in Taif Governate.

Results:
The study included (n = 420) schoolteachers. All heard about epilepsy and (n = 116, 27.6%) knew about epilepsy from an afflicted individual, and (n = 102, 24.3%) from social media outlets. Most teachers believed that an epileptic fit constitutes seizures (n = 370, 88.1%). Some (n = 330, 78.6%) were not satisfied with their knowledge level. Attitudes were positively associated with years of experience, but, generally, were only modest with 50.2% fearful of having an epileptic child in class. The mean practice score was 6.9 (out of 15). Practice was improved by having a pupil with epilepsy in class.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Schoolteachers in Taif showed excellent crude knowledge about epilepsy. However, knowledge of crucial details of the disorder were poor. This could be due to reliance on social media for information. There was high level of insight among schoolteachers regarding their sub-optimum knowledge levels. Knowledge was much better among experienced schoolteachers. Witnessing an epileptic fit improved knowledge. Teachers’ attitudes toward epilepsy were negative, likely because of significant epilepsy-related stigma. Years of experience were significantly associated with increased attitude score. Schoolteachers’ actual practice in handling epilepsy cases was below-expectation. There is pressing need for high-quality workshops to address knowledge and practice deficits.
COVID-19 pandemic and death anxiety among intensive care nurses working at the Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science
Authors: Belash Iran , Barzagar Fateme , Mousavi Gohar , Janbazian Kosar , Aghasi Zahra , Ladari Arezoo Taheri , Taghizadeh Maryam , Jahanbakhsh Fateme , Saripour Elnaz , Gholami Fateme , Rahnamaei Kosar 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The unpredictable challenges and conditions of COVID-19 can cause mental health problems. In such a situation, one of the most important psychological problems is the fear and anxiety of death. Death anxiety can affect the quality of patient care services and the job satisfaction and mental health of nurses.

Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 110 nurses working in the intensive care units of hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected by the convenience sampling method from April to September 2016. The data collection tools used in the study include a demographic questionnaire and a Templer death-anxiety questionnaire.

Findings:
The results showed that the level of death anxiety in nurses working at COVID-19 intensive care units is associated with age, working hours per week, childbearing, several patients needing end-of-life care, cases of direct participation in resuscitation operations, cases of patient death observations, and satisfaction with personal protective equipment (P < o.o5).

Conclusion:
Increasing the nurses’ awareness of the critical situations of COVID-19, management measures, improving the working environment, social support, and increasing personal protective equipment seem to be the effective factors in protecting the intensive care unit nurses against COVID-19 and reducing death anxiety.
Sociodemographic features associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pregnant females
Authors: Jindal Neerja , Goyal Lajya D. , Singh Charu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is high in state of Punjab, however very few studies have been done till date. We all know that pregnant females are a most important section of our community and are usually screened for HCV, HIV, and Hepatitis B at time of presentation. HCV is capable of causing chronic infections and having long-term implications on a person's health. Vertical transmission of HCV can be one of the major route of transmission of this virus to the neonate and there have been various sociodemographic factors like age, literacy, socioeconomic status, occupational status, associated with the disease causation and transmission.

Methods:
All pregnant females attending Obstetrics and gynecology department of our institute were included in study. All the sociodemographic characters and socioeconomic records were retrieved and analyzed.

Results:
In our study also a lower socioeconomic status, illiteracy have been significantly associated with the HCV-positive group, thus emphasizing the role of education so as to impart education to the masses as regard to mode of transmission and its effects on the disease. Higher age of conceiving is also significant associated with the increased maternal risk.

Conclusions:
The more involvement of health care officials and even persons not related to health care set up is required who can educate masses so as to protect the community.
An observational study to estimate the level of essential trace elements and its implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Sonkar Satyendra Kumar , Parmar Krishnapal Singh , Ahmad Mohammad Kaleem , Sonkar Gyanendra Kumar , Gautam Medhavi 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives:
Insulin action of reducing blood glucose has been found to be enhanced by trace elements.

Material and Methods:
This was a cross sectional study including 150 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and 50 controls. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, chromium, selenium and magnesium was measured by colorimetric kit. Fasting Blood Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed using the standard kit.

Results:
Out of 150 patients, 85.4% (n = 128) of the cases had uncontrolled blood sugar with HbA1c ≥7 and only 14.6% (n = 22) had good control of blood sugar with HbA1c <7%. Hypertension (42%) and hypothyroidism (14%) were the most commonly associated comorbidities among patients with T2DM. Following percentage of diabetic patients had complications such as peripheral neuropathy (45.3%), diabetic retinopathy (36.7%), coronary artery disease (20.7%), diabetic nephropathy (17.3%), peripheral vascular disease (8.7%), and cerebrovascular accident (6%) respectively. The mean level of zinc, copper, selenium and magnesium was significantly lower in patients with T2DM than the control cases (62.89 vs. 74.95 μg/dL, P < 0.05; 116.30 vs. 150.39 μg/dL, P < 0.001; 8.57 vs. 16.16 μg/dL, P < 0.001; 1.92 vs. 2.31 mg/dL, P < 0.05, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant trend between levels of zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium and the prevalence of T2DM.

Conclusions:
The levels of selenium, zinc, copper, and magnesium were significantly lower in patients with T2DM when compared to healthy counterparts.
Consumption of fruits, vegetables and salt in the context of control of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Kerala, India
Authors: Thulaseedharan Jissa V. , Sarma P. Sankara , Thankappan Kavumpurath R. , Soman Biju , Varma Ravi P. , Srinivasan Kannan , Nair Manju R. , Jeemon Panniyammakkal , Kutty V. Raman 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Proper diet is necessary to control hypertension and diabetes. This paper describes the combined fruit and vegetable, and salt intake of adults (>=18 years) who were detected to have hypertension or diabetes.

Methods:
We analysed the data from a state-wide survey of 12012 adults using the World Health Organization STEPs for NCD risk factor surveillance. We evaluated the recommended intake of fruit and vegetable (>=5 servings/day) and salt (<5 gm/day) across participants divided into four strata, and the probabilities were also estimated using the fitted multiple binary logistic regression models.

Results:
Overall, 13.9% (95%CI: 12.2%-15.9%) and 29.4% (95%CI: 28%-30.8%) of participants consumed the recommended level of fruit and vegetable, and salt, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios were not significantly different across the four strata based on the status of treatment and control of diabetes or hypertension. The likelihood of following the recommended fruit and vegetable intake was highest for 50-69-year-old females with above high school education, obese, under treatment for diabetes or hypertension, and had normal values of FBS and BP (0.28). The likelihood for recommended salt intake was highest for 50-69-year-old males with above high school education and had normal BMI, under treatment for diabetes or hypertension, and had normal values of FBS and BP (0.69).

Conclusion:
The status of diabetes or hypertension did not show considerable influence in the fruit, vegetable, and salt intake of adults in general. A detailed exploration of the accessibility and acceptability of such recommended intakes in the Kerala context is warranted.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Four Facial Masks used during the COVID-19 Pandemic using Indocyanine Green and Fluorescent Angiography Device
Authors: Deniz Erkan , Sibar Serhat , Kiliç Ozgun , Ayhan Suhan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The pandemic caused by the new type of coronavirus (coronavirus disease 2019) has led to a serious increase in the demand for personal protective equipment, especially the mask. Depending on the increasing demand, many types of masks have been used in the pandemic process between health-care professionals and the community.

Aims and Objectives:
In our study, it was planned to evaluate N95, green, white surgical, and fabric woven masks with a fluorescent angiography (SPY®) device for protection.

Materials and Methods:
To evaluate the effectiveness of the masks, models with and without mannequins are used. In both study models, indocyanine green was squeezed from the masks at a distance of 50 cm and the staining values of masks and mannequin faces were evaluated with fluorescent angiography (SPY®) device.

Results:
The most dyeing fabric was observed in the woven mask, while the least dyeing was observed in the N95 mask. In the model without mannequin, it was observed that the highest protection was in the N95 mask and the least protection was in the fabric woven mask. The most dyeing on the face was observed on the mannequin in which the woven mask was removed, and the least dyeing on the face was observed on the mannequin in which the N95 mask was removed. Green and white surgical masks were found to have similar protective rates.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, where the effectiveness of the mask was evaluated for the first time by using a fluorescent angiography (SPY®) device from a plastic surgery perspective, it was found that the N95 mask had the highest protection, the green and white surgical masks were similar, and the fabric woven mask had the least protection.
Viability and Durability of Diced Cartilage Graft Combined and Formed with Autologous Blood Fibrin (Experimental Study)
Authors: Aksan Tolga , Öztürk Muhammed Besir , Özer Mehmet , Mansuroglu Ilknur , Akan Mithat 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Rhinoplasty constitutes an example wherein the various types of filling materials are used for nasal dorsal deformities. In this study, we took the advantage of a simplified procedure and used fibrin isolated from the coagulated peripheral blood of the experimental animal. Durability and viability of diced autologous cartilage grafts adhered to each other and formed using fibrin extracts were assessed experimentally in a rabbit model.

Subjects and Methods:
Diced cartilage graft (Group 1), block cartilage (Group 2), and fibrin adhered 0.5 mm diced cartilage graft (Group 3) were placed into subcutaneous pockets in the frontoparietal region of the same experimental animal. The grafts were excised at the end of 16 weeks. The excised grafts were macroscopically evaluated, and the final volumes and weights were measured. These measurements were compared to the initial values before implantation. Finally, the specimens were evaluated the histopathological examination.

Results:
In Group 1, 165% increase in weight and 56% increase in volume; in Group 2, 131% increase in weight and 81% increase in volume; finally in Group 3, 184% increase in weight and 68% increase in volume were seen. Although histological examination did not reveal any difference with regard to chondroid matrix score, metachromasia, vascularization, fibrosis, and inflammation we observed significantly higher cartilage proliferation score in Group 3.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that these grafts can be used efficiently, particularly in rhinoplasty procedures to correct nasal deformities.
Predictors of antiretroviral therapy interruptions and factors influencing return to care at the Nkolndongo Health District, Cameroon
Authors: Nsoh Marius , E Tshimwanga Katayi , A Ngum Busi , Mgasa Avelina , O Otieno Moses , Moali Bokwena , Sirili Nathanael , S Atanga Ndeso , Edie Halle-Ekane Gregory 
Published: July 2021

Background: Antiretroviral therapy is a lifelong commitment that requires consistent intake of tablets to optimize health outcomes, attain and maintain viral suppression. Objective: We aimed to elicit predictors of treatment interruption amongst PLHIV and identify motivating factors influ- encing return to care. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a mixed-method approach in four hospitals in Yaoundé. Sociodemo- graphic and clinical data were collected from ART registers. Using purposeful sampling, thirteen participants were enrolled for interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using Epi-Info and Atlas-TI for qualitative analysis. Ethical clearance ap- proved by CBCHS-IRB. Results: A total of 271 participants records were assessed. The mean age was 33 years (SD±11years). Private facilities CASS and CMNB registered respectively 53 (19.6%) and 14 (5.2%) participants while CMA Nkomo and IPC had 114 (42.1%) and 90 (33.2%) participants. Most participants (75.3%) were females [OR 1.14; CI 0.78-1.66] compare with males. 78% had no viral load test results. Transport cost and stigmatization constituted the most prominent predictors of treatment interruption (47.5%) and (10.5%) respectively. Belief in the discovery of an eminent HIV cure and the desire to raise offspring motivated 30% and 61%, respectively to resume treatment. Conclusion: Structural barriers like exposed health facility, and dispensing ARVs in open spaces stigmatizes clients and increases odds of attrition. Attrition of patients on ART will be minimized through implementation of client centered ap- proaches like multiplying proxy ART pick points, devolving stable clients to community ARV model.
Keywords: ART interruption; attrition; return to care; predictors; motivating factors; Cameroon.
EL USO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS PARA EL CONTROL SOCIAL POR LOS GRUPOS DE PODER
Authors: Carrasco Díaz-Masa Santiago 
Published: July 2021

La crisis sanitaria provocada por el SARS-COV2 ha planteado la necesidad de un cierto control social por parte de los Gobiernos como medida para luchar más eficazmente contra la pandemia. Este control social puede ejercerse, entre otras formas, a través de las tecnologías y en especial las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones (TIC). El abanico de posibilidades es muy amplio y recibe un tratamiento distinto, así como diferentes aplicaciones, según el régimen político, la religión o religiones y en general la cultura de cada país.
El control social no es una cosa nueva y lo ejercen no solo los estados, sino también las empresas —en especial las tecnológicas— con objetivos distintos pero quizás con mayor eficacia. Algunas de ellas basan su modelo de negocio precisamente en el control social.