bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate‐activated expression of a biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ni Cynthia , Fox Kevin J. , Prather Kristala L. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrobes can facilitate production of valuable chemicals more sustainably than traditional chemical processes in many cases: they utilize renewable feedstocks, require less energy intensive process conditions, and perform a variety of chemical reactions using endogenous or heterologous enzymes. In response to the metabolic burden imposed by production pathways, chemical inducers are frequently used to initiate gene expression after the cells have reached sufficient density. While chemically inducible promoters are a common research tool used for pathway expression, they introduce a compound extrinsic to the process along with the associated costs. We developed an expression control system for a biosynthetic pathway for the production of d‐glyceric acid that utilizes galacturonate as both the inducer and the substrate, thereby eliminating the need for an extrinsic chemical inducer.Activation of expression in response to the feed is actuated by a galacturonate‐responsive transcription factor biosensor. We constructed variants of the galacturonate biosensor with a heterologous transcription factor and cognate hybrid promoter, and selected for the best performer through fluorescence characterization. We showed that native E. coli regulatory systems do not interact with our biosensor and favorable biosensor response exists in the presence and absence of galacturonate consumption. We then employed the control circuit to regulate the expression of the heterologous genes of a biosynthetic pathway for the production d‐glyceric acid that was previously developed in our lab. Productivity via substrate‐induction with our control circuit was comparable to IPTG‐controlled induction and significantly outperformed a constitutive expression control, producing 2.13 ± 0.03 g L−1 d‐glyceric acid within 6 h of galacturonate substrate addition.This work demonstrated feed‐activated pathway expression to be an attractive control strategy for more readily scalable microbial biosynthesis.
Naming CHO cells for bio‐manufacturing: Genome plasticity and variant phenotypes of cell populations in bioreactors question the relevance of old names
Authors: Wurm Maria J. , Wurm Florian M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChinese Hamster Ovary [CHO] cells are the workhorse for production of modern biopharmaceuticals. They are however immortalized cells with a high propensity for genetic change. Judging from published culture records, CHO cell populations have undergone hundreds of population doublings since their origin in the late 1950s. Different cell populations were established and named from 1 to 3 decades after their generation, such as CHO‐Pro–, CHO‐K1, CHO‐DG44, CHO‐S, CHO‐DUK, CHO‐DXB‐11 to indicate origin and certain phenotypic features. These names are commonly used in scientific publications still today. This article discusses the relevance of such names. We argue that they provide a false sense of identity. To substantiate this, we provide the long (and poorly recorded) history of CHO cells as well as their highly complex genetics. Finally, we suggest an alternative naming system for CHO cells which provides more relevant information. While the implementation of a new naming convention will require substantial discussions among members of the relevant community, it should improve interpretation and comparability between laboratories. This, in turn will help scientific communities and industrial users to attain and further the full potential of CHO cells.
Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Newer Baenzothiazole Containing Aryl and Alkaryl Hydrazides
Authors: Gurram Swarupa Rani , Azam Mohammed Afzal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe alarming rise of bacterial resistance is occurring worldwide and endangering the efficacy of antibiotics. Therefore, development of new and efficient antibacterial agents remains paramount. In the present work, we designed and synthesized a series of N′‐(1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐substituted aryl/aralkyl hydrazidesC1–C27and evaluated themin vitrofor their antibacterial activity. Among all tested compounds,C10,C15, andC24showed potent activity againstStaphylococcus aureusATCC 43300 (MRSA). Minimum bactericidal concentration studies of synthesized compounds are performed against selected bacterial strains. Time kill kinetics showed that the compoundsC10andC15possess bactericidal activity against MRSA ATCC 43300, while compoundC24possess bactericidal activity againstS. aureusNCIM 5022. In the extra‐precision docking, compoundsC1–C27exhibited interactions mainly with the N‐terminal and central domains ofS. aureusGyrB catalytic pocket. Binding free energy (ΔGbind) of compoundsC1–C27/3U2K complexes were computed by MM‐GBSA approach. Free energy components indicated Coulomb energy term as favorable for binding, while van der Waals and electrostatic solvation energy terms strongly disfavored the binding. ADMET properties of synthesized compoundsC1–C27are also computed.
Spotlight on the Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Potential of Maximum Entropy: Supporting Electrolytes Are Not Always Inert
Authors: Ding Xing , Garlyyev Batyr , Watzele Sebastian A. , Kobina Sarpey Theophilus , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influence of electrolyte pH, the presence of alkali metal cations (Na+, K+), and the presence of O2 on the interfacial water structure of polycrystalline gold electrodes has been experimentally studied in detail. The potential of maximum entropy (PME) was determined by the laser‐induced current transient (LICT) technique. Our results demonstrate that increasing the electrolyte pH and introducing O2 shift the PME to more positive potentials. Interestingly, the PME exhibits a higher sensitivity to the pH change in the presence of K+ than Na+. Altering the pH of the K2SO4 solution from 4 to 6 can cause a drastic shift in the PME. These findings reveal that, for example, K2SO4 and Na2SO4 cannot be considered as equal supporting electrolytes: it is not a viable assumption. This can likely be extrapolated to other common “inert” supporting electrolytes. Beyond this, knowledge about the near‐ideal electrolyte composition can be used to optimize electrochemical devices such as electrolyzers, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors.
Tropfenbewegung und Stofftransport in technischen Flüssig/flüssig‐Systemen. Teil 2: Auswirkung von Grenzflächeneffekten und Verunreinigungen
Authors: Schulz Joschka M. , Petzold Marc , Böhm Lutz , Kraume Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluiddynamik und Stofftransportprozessen kommt bei der Dimensionierung von Flüssig/flüssig‐Kontaktapparaten eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Die Vorhersage von Betriebsparametern wird durch Schwarm‐ und Grenzflächeneffekte maßgeblich erschwert. Anhand von Einzeltropfenuntersuchungen kann eine grundlegende Vorhersage für fluiddynamisches Verhalten und Stofftransportleistung auf Basis einfacher Experimente und zahlreicher publizierter Korrelationen und Theorien getroffen werden. Im ersten Teil wurden die Grundlagen zur Beschreibung der Fluiddynamik und des Stofftransports für den Fall unbeeinflusster Grenzflächen erläutert. Hier wird nun ein Überblick über relevante Grenzflächenphänomene und den Einfluss verschiedener Stoffklassen gegeben, die als Begleitkomponenten oder Verunreinigung für technische Systeme üblich sind.
Removal of Cefdinir from Water Using Waste Material‐Derived Activated Biochar as a Rapid, Effective, and Sustainable Adsorbent
Authors: Gümüş Dilek , Yumak Tuğrul , Gümüş Fatih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCefdinir adsorption onto non‐activated biochar (WL‐BC) and activated biochars (WL‐BC‐H, WL‐BC‐OH) prepared from waste biomass (WL) is comparatively investigated in view of adsorption factors, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics. Batch experiments are conducted to assess the effects of pH, adsorption time and initial antibiotic concentration. Various advanced techniques are applied to characterize the prepared biochars (BCs). Characterization of the new BCs reveal that the activation process do not have a significant effect on the chemical structure of activated carbons, but it increases the surface area up to eight times. The equilibrium data are simulated with the Langmuir adsorption model indicating monolayer adsorption for both activated biochars WL‐BC and WL‐BC‐H. However, the adsorption isotherm for WL‐BC‐OH is represented well by the Freundlich model, which shows that multilayer adsorption took place. The kinetic data are analyzed using various kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated biochar is approximately tenfold in comparison to the non‐activated biochar. Additionally, the real wastewater experiments with treated campus wastewater show that the adsorptive performance of the activated biochar is not affected by other ions. Consequently, BCs derived from defatted laurel leaves could be effective and eco‐friendly adsorbents for removing cefdinir from wastewater.
Non‐Dissociative Activation of Chemisorbed Dinitrogen on One or Two Vanadium Atoms Supported by a Mo6S8 Cluster
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ya , Ding Xun‐Lei , Israel Gurti Joseph , Chen Yan , Li Wei , Wang Xin , Wang Wen‐Jie , Deng Jia‐Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdsorption of N2 on Mo6S8q_Vx clusters (x=0, 1, 2; q=0, ±1) were systematically studied by density functional theory calculations with dispersion corrections. It was found that the N2 can be chemisorbed and undergo non‐dissociative activation on single or double metal atoms. The adsorption and activation are influenced by metal types (V or Mo), N2 coordination modes and charge states of the clusters. Particularly, anionic Mo6S8−_V2 clusters have remarkable ability to fix and activate N2. In Mo6S8−_V2, two V atoms prefer to adsorb on two adjacent S−Mo−S hollow sites, leading to the formation of a supported V…V unit. The N2 is bridged side‐on coordinated with these two V atoms with high adsorption energy and significant charge transfer. The bond order, bond length and vibration frequency of the adsorbed N2 are close to those of a N−N single bond.
Nutrient uptake behavior of peanut under optimum fertilization management in China
Authors: Wang Xiya , Lv Jilong , He Ping , Ciampitti Ignacio Antonio , Qiu Shaojun , Xu Xinpeng , Zhao Shicheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBalanced fertilization is one of the most critical management factors for attaining high yields. Assessing pod yield and plant nutrient demand can provide theoretical guidance for fertilization management of high yielding peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Following this rationale, a large dataset was collected from field experiments (n = 313) across the main peanut planting regions of China for a period spanning from 2000 to 2019 to evaluate nutrient uptake behavior of peanut under current optimum fertilization management. Across the entire dataset, the results showed that average peanut pod yield and harvest index (HI) were 4.5 Mg ha−1 and .54, respectively. The average peanut nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements were of 48, 7.1, and 21 kg Mg−1 pod yield, respectively. Across five ranges of pod yields (<3, 3–4, 4–5, 5–6, and >6 Mg ha−1), both nutrient uptake and HI increased with increasing pod yield. The N and K requirements (kg Mg−1) decreased with increasing pod yield, respectively, mainly due to reductions in pod N and K concentrations. The P requirement increased with yield, attributed to an increase in straw P concentration as P luxury uptake occurs under high pod yield.
Perovskites on Ice: An Additive‐Free Approach to Increase the Shelf‐Life of Triple‐Cation Perovskite Precursor Solutions
Authors: O'Kane Mary E. , Smith Joel A. , Alanazi Tarek I. , Cassella Elena J. , Game Onkar , van Meurs Sandra , Lidzey David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of David Lidzey at the University of Sheffield. The image shows a futuristic view of large‐scale perovskite solar cell (PSC) manufacture. This includes a high‐volume roll‐to‐roll printing facility and cold‐storage of PSC precursor solutions in large industrial fridges. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100332.
An active common‐noise canceler combined with feedback control
Authors: Ohara Shunsuke , Ogasawara Satoshi , Takemoto Masatsugu , Orikawa Koji , Yamamoto Yushin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the methods for improving the performance of an active common‐noise canceler (ACC) that suppresses the common‐mode (CM) voltage generated by inverters. Whereas the already proposed ACC (ACC0) compatible with space vector pulse width modulation requires two emitter follower circuits, this paper proposes an improved ACC (ACC1) that requires a single emitter follower. In addition, an ACC (ACC2) that improves the CM voltage suppression performance by adding a feedback circuit to ACC1 is also proposed. The experimental results show that ACC1 improved the CM voltage attenuation by −10 dB compared to ACC0, and ACC2 improved the CM voltage attenuation by −20 dB compared to ACC1. ACC2 has a large CM voltage attenuation of up to −53 dB in the wide frequency range from 100 kHz to 5 MHz.
Iron deficiency contributes to resistance to endogenous erythropoietin in anaemic heart failure patients
Authors: Tkaczyszyn Michał , Comín‐Colet Josep , Voors Adriaan A. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Enjuanes Cristina , Moliner Pedro , Drozd Marcin , Sierpiński Radosław , Rozentryt Piotr , Nowak Jolanta , Suchocki Tomasz , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr , van der Meer Peter , Jankowska Ewa A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsAbnormal endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) constitutes an important cause of anaemia in chronic diseases. We analysed the relationships between iron deficiency (ID) and the adequacy of endogenous EPO in anaemic heart failure (HF) patients, and the impact of abnormal EPO on 12‐month mortality.Methods and resultsWe investigated 435 anaemic HF patients (age: 74 ± 10 years; males: 60%; New York Heart Association class I or II: 39%; left ventricular ejection fraction: 43 ± 17%). Patients with EPO higher than expected for a given haemoglobin were considered EPO‐resistant whereas those with EPO lower than expected ‐ EPO‐deficient. ID was defined as serum ferritin <100 µg/L or 100–299 µg/L with transferrin saturation <20%. EPO‐resistant patients (22%) had more advanced HF whereas those with EPO deficiency (57%) were more frequently females and had worse renal function. Lower serum ferritin (indicating depleted body iron stores) was related to higher EPO observed/predicted ratio when adjusted for significant clinical confounders, including C‐reactive protein. One year all‐cause mortality was 28% in patients with EPO resistance compared to 17% in patients with EPO deficiency and 10% in patients with adequate EPO (log‐rank test for the comparison EPO resistance vs. adequate EPO: P = 0.02). When adjusted for other prognosticators, there was still a trend towards increased 12‐month mortality in patients with higher EPO level.ConclusionAnaemic HF patients with endogenous EPO deficiency vs. resistance have different clinical and laboratory characteristics. In such patients, ID contributes to EPO resistance independently of inflammation.
Ammonothermal Synthesis and Characterization of First Amidozincate Hydroxides
Authors: Kunkel Sebastian , Brinschwitz Kai L. , Richter Theresia M. M. , Niewa Rainer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe first alkali metal amidozincate hydroxides Na3[Zn(NH2)4](OH) and Na3[Zn(NH2)3](OH)2were obtained from supercritical ammonia under ammonobasic conditions at 823 K and 250 MPa, and 623 K and 159 MPa, respectively. Crystal structures have been refined against single crystal X‐ray diffraction intensity data. Coordination environments of the cations as well as the rather open crystal structure and low density of Na3[Zn(NH2)4](OH) suggest the initial formation of a monoammoniate, prior loss of ammonia during depressurizing and recovery of the product. While Na3[Zn(NH2)4](OH) contains mutually isolated amidozincate ions next to hydroxide ions, Na3[Zn(NH2)3](OH)2is the first amidozincate realizing a condensation of the complex anionic substructure so far. Both compounds are regarded possible intermediates in an ammonothermal zinc nitride synthesis and give insights into the action of impurities during ammonothermal processes. Raman spectroscopic measurements support the assignment of amide and hydroxide groups.
An Enzyme‐free Electrochemical H2O2 Sensor Based on a Nickel Metal‐organic Framework Nanosheet Array
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xiang Mei‐Hao , Zhang Xinyue , Li Qin , Liu Xiaoya , Zhang Wenjing , Qin Xia , Qu Fengli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we reported the development of a nickel metal‐organic framework nanosheet array on Ti‐mesh (Ni‐MOF/TM) as an enzyme‐free electrochemical sensing platform for H2O2 determination. The as‐obtained sensor exhibited outstanding detection properties of H2O2, which might be gifted from the large specific surface area, abundant active sites of Ni‐MOF nanoarrays. The sensor displayed a good linear range (0.8 μM–4.6×103 μM), a detection limit as low as 0.26 μM, a high sensitivity (307.5 μA mM−1 cm−2), and a rapid response. Moreover, this enzyme‐free sensor is promising for point‐of‐care (POC) testing of H2O2 in human serum attribute to the excellent performance of Ni‐MOF and the simple preparation process of the sensor.
Hybrid analysis and modeling, eclecticism, and multifidelity computing toward digital twin revolution
Authors: San Omer , Rasheed Adil , Kvamsdal Trond 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost modeling approaches lie in either of the two categories: physics‐based or data‐driven. Recently, a third approach which is a combination of these deterministic and statistical models is emerging for scientific applications. To leverage these developments, our aim in this perspective paper is centered around exploring numerous principle concepts to address the challenges of (i) trustworthiness and generalizability in developing data‐driven models to shed light on understanding the fundamental trade‐offs in their accuracy and efficiency and (ii) seamless integration of interface learning and multifidelity coupling approaches that transfer and represent information between different entities, particularly when different scales are governed by different physics, each operating on a different level of abstraction. Addressing these challenges could enable the revolution of digital twin technologies for scientific and engineering applications.
AfHNS fellowship: Model to improve access to head and neck cancer care in Africa and developing countries
Authors: Fagan Johannes J. , Otiti Jeff , Onakoya Paul A. , Diom Evelyne , Konney Anna , Gebeyehu Melesse , Aswani Joyce , Baidoo Kenneth , Koch Wayne M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancers occur predominantly in developing countries where access to care is poor. Sub‐Saharan Africa has <20 head and neck surgeons for >1 billion people and has only two fellowship training programs.Methods and resultsThe AfHNS Head and Neck Fellowship is being introduced to accelerate training of African surgeons to improve access to resource appropriate cancer care. By avoiding fixed time‐in‐training and single training sites, training can be offered at multiple centers in Africa, even with lower patient volumes. It also creates opportunities for accredited international surgical outreach programs to contribute to training.ConclusionsHaving prescribed reading and appropriate Entrustable Professional Activities that are assessed through Workplace Based Assessment, and having a summative virtual oral examination ensures that fellows are fit‐for‐purpose to practice in an African resource‐constrained setting. Other developing countries are encouraged to adopt a similar approach to expanding head and neck cancer services.
A matched pair analysis of oncological outcomes in human papillomavirus‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Transoral surgery versus radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation
Authors: Thakar Alok , Panda Smriti , Kakkar Aanchal , Singh Vishwajeet , Singh Chirom Amit , Sharma Atul , Bhasker Suman , Krishnamurthy Padmavathi , Sharma Suresh C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the termination of RTOG 1221, there remains a lacuna regarding the optimal treatment for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsMatched pair analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) between Arm I (transoral surgery [TOS] + risk‐stratified adjuvant treatment) and Arm II (nonsurgical treatment − radiation/chemoradiation) in HPV(−) OPSCC.ResultsUnmatched comparison of Arm I (n = 57) and Arm II (n = 89) indicated significantly better overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) for Arm I. PSM by matched pairs (n = 48, 24 each arm) indicated 5‐year OS at 80% and 72.1%, respectively, for Arm I and II (p > 0.05) and corresponding DFS at 65.3% and 33.4% (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate statistical difference in outcomes in stage II and III, but stage IV tumors had significantly better outcomes in Arm I than Arm II (4‐year OS: 100% vs. 21%, p = 0.04; DFS: 75% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.04).ConclusionsTOS +/− adjuvant was found to have oncological outcomes at par with nonsurgical modalities in stage I–III OPSCC, whereas a distinct survival advantage was noted in case of stage IV tumors.
Improved high‐resolution global and regionalized isoscapes of δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess in precipitation
Authors: Terzer‐Wassmuth Stefan , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Araguás‐Araguás Luis J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatterns of δ18O and δ2H in Earth's precipitation provide essential scientific data for use in hydrological, climatological, ecological and forensic research. Insufficient global spatial data coverage promulgated the use of gridded datasets employing geostatistical techniques (isoscapes) for spatiotemporally coherent isotope predictions. Cluster‐based isoscape regionalization combines the advantages of local or regional prediction calibrations into a global framework. Here we present a revision of a Regionalized Cluster‐Based Water Isotope Prediction model (RCWIP2) incorporating new isotope data having extensive spatial coverage and a wider array of predictor variables combined with high‐resolution gridded climatic data. We introduced coupling of δ18O and δ2H (e.g., d‐excess constrained) in the model predictions to prevent runaway isoscapes when each isotope is modelled separately and cross‐checked observed versus modelled d‐excess values. We improved model error quantification by adopting full uncertainty propagation in all calculations. RCWIP2 improved the RMSE over previous isoscape models by ca. 0.3 ‰ for δ18O and 2.5 ‰ for δ2H with an uncertainty <1.0 ‰ for δ18O and < 8 ‰ for δ2H for most regions of the world. The determination of the relative importance of each predictor variable in each ecoclimatic zone is a new approach to identify previously unrecognized climatic drivers on mean annual precipitation δ18O and δ2H. The improved RCWIP2 isoscape grids and maps (season, monthly, annual, regional) are available for download at https://isotopehydrologynetwork.iaea.org.