bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of information support of the automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment
Authors: Nebogin S A , Kondrat’ev V V , Gorovoy V O , Kononenko R V , Oparina T A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The information support of the automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment is described. Solutions for the organization of information support, collection and transmission of information have been developed. A classification and coding system has been built. The intra-machine information base is organized according to the principle of dividing into high-level and low-level databases. It is possible to maintain an off-machine information base by creating reports for outputting information in the form of logs on paper. The composition of the information base in terms of databases is given.
Automation of the splitting-up processes of freight trains on the gravity sorting yards in the railway transport system
Authors: Olentsevich A A , Konyukhov V Yu , Guseva E A , Konstantinova M V , Olentsevich V A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The basic reasons for insufficient reduction of a number of safety violations in a railway transport network are systemic and are related to the current condition of the technical and technological base of transport complexes. Aging, poor conditions of fixed assets and errors in the maintenance of the transport system are in most cases the main causes of accidents and casualties. The basis for the automation of most technological railway processes is the redistribution of material, energy and information flows in accordance with the accepted criterion of optimality. According to the analysis of the statistics, this article reveals a problem that has a direct impact on the safety of train service and shunting operations in the railway transport system - that is, the number of railcars that has been damaged on public and non-public approach lines. The dependence of the number of damaged freight cars on the speed of their collision the splitting-up of the railcars on the gravity-sorting yard of the network railway stations has been determined. Automation of the technological sorting process in a single production cycle will provide the basis for the introduction of production management systems and railway management systems as a whole, while improving the safety of the transportation process itself and the production of shunting operations. In the conditions of high-speed traffic development and the introduction of innovative technologies, these requirements need to be tightened, including the widespread use of automated processes for the splitting-up of freight trains on the gravity sorting yards. Improving the operation of the freight classification yards is a major factor in accelerating and cheapening the transportation process. In recent years much attention has been paid to the automation of station operation processes, the use of advanced labor methods, the introduction of new equipment, without which the development of the station cannot ensure the efficiency of the industry as a whole. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, it is proposed to automate the process of splitting-up freight trains on the gravity-sorting yard. For this purpose, it is necessary to equip the gravity sorting yards of railway stations with a comprehensive system of the sorting process control automation.
Mathematical modelling of operation of the hydraulic support system of the powered support sections with impulse-free continuous regulation of its resistance to the roof rock lowering
Authors: Gabov V V , Babyr N V , Zadkov D A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article describes the mathematical model of a hydraulic support system of the powered support sections with impulse-free continuous regulation of its resistance to the roof rock lowering. Safety valves of the hydraulic support perform only protective functions. Mathematical modeling was carried out using the Runge-Kutta method and the Wolfram Mathematica computer algebra system. The results of modeling the transient process of the hydraulic support system with a built-in block for regulating its resistance during impulse loading of the support section with a collapsed roof rock block at “Polosukhinskaya” mine are presented.
Formation of “undercuts” on titanium case parts
Authors: Lavrentyeva M V , Mironenko V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a variant of the formation of a part from a hard-to-form case. The calculation of the required area of the movable clamp depending on the stresses arising during the formation of the “undercut” is performed. The results of real and virtual experiments are presented. The conclusions about the applicability of the technology and the advantages that the use of a movable clamp gives are made.
A 3D-printed microfluidic platform for simulating the effects of CPAP on the nasal epithelium
Authors: Shrestha Jesus , Ryan Sean Thomas , Mills Oliver , Zhand Sareh , Razavi Bazaz Sajad , Hansbro Philip Michael , Ghadiri Maliheh , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder that involves a decrease or complete cessation of airflow during sleep. It occurs when the muscles supporting the soft tissues in the throat relax during sleep, causing narrowing or closure of the upper airway. Sleep apnea is a serious medical condition with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and impaired quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe cases of OSA and is effective in mild sleep apnea. However, CPAP therapy is associated with the development of several nasal side effects and is inconvenient for the user, leading to low compliance rates. The effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, as well as the pathogenesis of side effects, are incompletely understood and not adequately researched. To better understand the effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, we developed an in vitro 3D-printed microfluidic platform. A nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI 2650, was then exposed to certain conditions to mimic the in vivo environment. To create these conditions, the microfluidic device was utilized to expose nasal epithelial cells grown and differentiated at the air–liquid interface. The airflow was similar to what is experienced with CPAP, with pressure ranging between 0 and 20 cm of H2O. Cells exposed to pressure showed decreased barrier integrity, change in cellular shape, and increased cell death (lactate dehydrogenase release into media) compared to unstressed cells. Stressed cells also showed increased secretions of inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-8 and had increased production of ATP. Our results suggest that stress induced by airflow leads to structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes in the nasal epithelium, which may be responsible for developing nasal side-effects following CPAP treatment.
An interfacial self-assembling bioink for the manufacturing of capillary-like structures with tuneable and anisotropic permeability
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , Fortunato Gabriele Maria , Okesola Babatunde O , Brocchetti Francesco Luigi Pellerej Di , Suntornnond Ratima , Connelly John , De Maria Carmelo , Rodriguez-Cabello Jose Carlos , Vozzi Giovanni , Wang Wen , Mata Alvaro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Self-assembling bioinks offer the possibility to biofabricate with molecular precision, hierarchical control, and biofunctionality. For this to become a reality with widespread impact, it is essential to engineer these ink systems ensuring reproducibility and providing suitable standardization. We have reported a self-assembling bioink based on disorder-to-order transitions of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) to co-assemble with graphene oxide (GO). Here, we establish reproducible processes, optimize printing parameters for its use as a bioink, describe new advantages that the self-assembling bioink can provide, and demonstrate how to fabricate novel structures with physiological relevance. We fabricate capillary-like structures with resolutions down to ∼10 µm in diameter and ∼2 µm thick tube walls and use both experimental and finite element analysis to characterize the printing conditions, underlying interfacial diffusion-reaction mechanism of assembly, printing fidelity, and material porosity and permeability. We demonstrate the capacity to modulate the pore size and tune the permeability of the resulting structures with and without human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Finally, the potential of the ELR-GO bioink to enable supramolecular fabrication of biomimetic structures was demonstrated by printing tubes exhibiting walls with progressively different structure and permeability.
Investigation of natural fibre metal laminate as car front hood
Authors: Ishak Noordiana Mohd , Dhar Malingam Sivakumar , Mansor Muhd Ridzuan , Razali Nadlene , Mustafa Zaleha , Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the increasing awareness on environmental impact and the needs towards sustainability, weight reduction of the vehicles is one of the most promising solutions to improve fuel efficiency towards achieving the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Fibre metal laminate is one of the lightweight material that inherits advantages of metal and fibre reinforced composite. Therefore, the drive of this study is to determine the effect of water absorption on tensile properties, thickness swelling and forming analysis of the natural fibre metal laminate. Fabrication of natural fibre metal laminate consists of two layers of kenaf woven fabric in polypropylene matrix and aluminium 5052-O as the skin. The results show that the natural fibre metal laminate absorbs 0.67% water and has 0.91% thickness swelling. The water content has minimal effect on the tensile properties of the natural fibre metal laminate. While for the forming analysis, the natural fibre metal laminate has higher formability compared to an aluminium sheet and has a higher potential to be formed into complex shape.
Creation of double-well potentials in a surface-electrode trap towards a nanofriction model emulator
Authors: Tanaka U , Nakamura M , Hayasaka K , Bautista-Salvador A , Ospelkaus C , Mehlstäubler T E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap that is applicable as a nanofriction emulator and studies of many-body dynamics of interacting systems. The trap enables both single-well and double-well trapping potentials in the radial direction, where the distance between the two potential wells can be adjusted by the applied RF voltage. In the double-well configuration, parallel ion strings can be formed, which is a suitable system for the emulation of the Frenkel–Kontorova (FK) model. We derive the condition under which the trap functions as an FK model emulator. The trap is designed so that the Coulomb interaction between two ion strings becomes significant. We report on the microfabrication process for such downsized trap electrodes and experimental results of single-well and double-well operation with calcium ions. With the trap demonstrated in this work we can create atomically accessible, self-assembled Coulomb systems with a wide tuning range of the corrugation parameter in the FK model. This makes it a promising system for quantum simulations, but also for the study of nanofriction in one and higher dimensional systems.
MHD Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson nanofluid due to a rotating disk with thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Bariq Abdul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research article, three-dimensional Casson nanofluid under influences of Arrhenius stimulation energy and thermal radiation is considered. The flow is induced by a turning disk. Temperature, velocity, and concentration slips at the outward of the turning disk are deliberated. The effect of Brownian movement and thermophoresis is examined due to the nanosized particles in a Casson fluid dispersed over the turning disk. The appropriate transformation methods for reducing a set of Partial differential equations (PDEs) to nonlinear Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and further solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Numerical simulation using Schmidt number, magnetic, Casson, Brownian movement, and thermophoresis parameters on outspread, temperature, tangential velocities, and nanoparticles are portrayed. Local Nusselt number, Skin friction, and Sherwood number are plotted and investigated. The graphical results show that the tangential velocity of nanofluids decreases because of an addition in Reynolds’ number, while the radial velocity displays the converse patterns. The tangential and radial velocities reduce with the increment magnetic factor. It is also perceived that an augmentation in estimations of radiation parameters enhances the heat transfer rate. Increasing the values of non-dimensional activation energy raises the mass transfer rate.
Experimental tests of indicators for the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation
Authors: Capart Antoine , Ikegaya Shunsuke , Okada Eiji , Machida Manabu , Hoshi Yoko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The diffusion approximation has been one of the central topics in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). When NIRS measurements are analyzed by the diffusion theory, the measurements must be performed in the diffusive regime. However, since most of past researches have focused on theoretical or qualitative nature of the diffusion approximation, it is not easy to know if each measurement is designed in the diffusive regime. In this paper, we consider the diffusion approximation quantitatively and propose indicators that quantify the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation. The difference between the measurement and diffusion theory can be evaluated with the χ
2 value, ℓ
1 and ℓ
2 norms, and Kullback-Leibler divergence. We conduct a liquid phantom experiment to test the proposed χ
2 value. Moreover, the χ
2 value is further investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. We find the χ
2 value becomes significantly large when measurements are performed in the nondiffusive or transport regime. The proposed indicators similarly work. In particular, the χ
2 value is shown to work as an indicator which evaluates the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation. These indicators are general and can be used for different numerical, experimental, and clinical measurements in NIRS.
A porous microneedle electrochemical glucose sensor fabricated on a scaffold of a polymer monolith
Authors: Kai Hiroyuki , Kumatani Akichika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Porous microneedle electrodes with pores of ∼1 µm diameter were fabricated by electroless plating of nickel followed by gold on a polymer monolith of poly(glycidyl methacrylate). The specific surface area of the fabricated electrode evaluated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method was 2.559 ± 0.050 m2 g−1 (standard error of mean), while that of the non-porous control was <0.001 m2 g−1. Electrochemical glucose sensors were then fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the gold-plated microneedle electrodes. The sensitivity of the porous microneedle glucose sensor between 0 and 15 mM glucose was 22.99 ± 0.72 µA mM−1, and that of the non-porous control was 3.16 ± 0.56 µA mM−1. The amperometry of glucose concentration in solution was demonstrated using the fabricated electrode as a working electrode, along with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and gold counter electrode both of which were made of microneedles. These results indicate the advantages of porous structures for electrochemical sensing with increased sensitivity.
Towards addressing environmental challenges: rational design of metal-organic frameworks-based photocatalysts via a microdroplet approach
Authors: Chen Jianping , Zhu Zan , Wang Wei-Ning 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the past decades owing to their amazing properties, including rich surface chemistry, flexible structure, superior surface area, and tunable porosity. MOFs are conventionally synthesized via wet-chemistry methods, which, however, are oftentimes plagued by long reaction durations, inhomogeneous mixing, and limited batch processes. This article reviews a rapid microdroplet-based nanomanufacturing process to fabricate MOFs-based functional materials with controlled hierarchical nanostructures to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of wet-chemistry processes. The general formation pathways of MOFs inside the microdroplets were investigated by both experimental and theoretical approaches. Further, strategies to integrate MOFs with semiconductors to form hybrid photocatalysts are also summarized towards addressing environmental challenges, with a major focus on CO2 photoreduction. The quantitative mechanisms of CO2 adsorption, activation, and charge transfer within the hybrid nanostructures were explored by various in-situ techniques, such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This review provides a new avenue for the rational design of MOFs-based functional materials to tackle a variety of environmental issues, including but not limited to global warming, air pollution, and water contamination.
Legged-wheeled small robot capable of terrain-adaptive locomotion via a soft actuator
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Bo , Li Zhiqiang , Ma Wentao , Liu Lei , Chen Hualing , Chen Guimin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The small-scale robot using soft materials features extraordinary compliance and a large amount of degree of freedoms, but its nonlinearity in material increases the system complexity for control strategy. In this paper, as inspired by the skiing-sport, a lightweight locomotion robot with a rigid poking pole is designed and driven by an artificial muscle, a conical dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). The poking mechanism transmits the stroke of DEA into robot motion, contributing the material compliance to the capability of terrain adaptivity in the robot. The combination of a soft actuator and a rigid transmission mechanism lowers the complexity in the robotic kinetics and increases the loading capability for device carrying. Experiments verify the locomotion on the dimple and wavy pavement as well as clambering a slope. This robot offers performances including: (i) a maximum speed of 64.1 mm (0.43 body length) per second; (ii) a loading capability of 7.7 times of its weight; (iii) a steering angle of 25°at a radius of 18 cm.
The Usefulness of the Test-Positive Proportion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 as a Surveillance Tool
Authors: Hitchings Matt D T , Dean Natalie E , García-Carreras Bernardo , Hladish Thomas J , Huang Angkana T , Yang Bingyi , Cummings Derek A T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case numbers over time and between locations is complicated by limits to virological testing to confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The proportion of tested individuals who have tested positive (test-positive proportion, TPP) can potentially be used to inform trends in incidence. We propose a model for testing in a population experiencing an epidemic of COVID-19 and derive an expression for TPP in terms of well-defined parameters related to testing and presence of other pathogens causing COVID-19-like symptoms. In the absence of dramatic shifts of testing practices in time or between locations, the TPP is positively correlated with the incidence of infection. We show that the proportion of tested individuals who present COVID-19-like symptoms encodes information similar to the TPP but has different relationships with the testing parameters, and can thus provide additional information regarding dynamic changes in TPP and incidence. Finally, we compare data on confirmed cases and TPP from US states up to October 2020. We conjecture why states might have higher or lower TPP than average. Collection of symptom status and age/risk category of tested individuals can increase the utility of TPP in assessing the state of the pandemic in different locations and times.
Lexical Access in L1 Attrition—Competition versus Frequency: A Comparison of Turkish and Moroccan Attriters in the Netherlands
Authors: Schmid Monika S , Yilmaz Gülsen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lexical access and lexical diversity are often assumed to be vulnerable to first language (L1) attrition. They also differ between monolinguals and nonimmersed bilinguals. This raises the question whether lexical attrition can be ascribed to nonuse or to competition between the two languages. We compare two populations of late L2 learners of Dutch living in the Netherlands. One of them was largely monolingual prior to emigration (Turkish migrants), while the other comes from a highly multilingual society (Morocco). While both experimental populations should be affected by erosion due to nonuse, we expect competition effects to be more strongly pronounced when compared against a monolingual versus a multilingual baseline population. The results show that this is not the case with attrition effects being even stronger in the Moroccan group than in the Turkish group. Furthermore, there is no impact of individual measures of frequency of exposure or language attitudes among the attriters. We conclude that being immersed in an L2 environment leads to weakening of lexical access.
‘I Feel … Slightly out of Touch’: a Longitudinal Study of Teachers Learning to Teach English Pronunciation over a Six-Year Period
Authors: Burri Michael , Baker Amanda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent longitudinal studies have contributed substantially to the understanding of teacher learning. Yet, research on learning to teach English pronunciation is still in its infancy with the aim of this article being the exploration of the longitudinal development of four L2 instructors’ practices and cognitions about English pronunciation pedagogy. Qualitative data were collected in three phases over six years, ranging from the beginning of a pronunciation pedagogy course into the teacher’s current professional careers. Pre- and post-course questionnaires, a course assignment, focus groups, observations, narrative frames, and semi-structured interviews were triangulated to produce detailed teacher profiles, which then provided a thorough understanding of the practitioner’s developing practices and cognitions. Findings demonstrated complex and continuous yet nonlinear and individual development, especially in two areas: (i) the teachers’ delivery of pronunciation instruction and (ii) their focus on pronunciation pedagogy. Four specific factors were also identified as impacting the developmental process of teachers’ practices and cognitions about pronunciation. In light of these findings, the article concludes with a recommendation to extend an existing framework for preparing pronunciation teachers.
Dihydropyriculol produced by Pyricularia oryzae inhibits the growth of Streptomyces griseus
Authors: Furuyama Yuuki , Motoyama Takayuki , Nogawa Toshihiko , Kamakura Takashi , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Dihydropyriculol is a major secondary metabolite of Pyricularia oryzae. However, the biological activity of dihydropyriculol has not been reported. Here, we showed that dihydropyriculol has inhibitory activity against Streptomyces griseus. Localization analysis of dihydropyriculol revealed that dihydropyriculol could reach to S. griseus under confrontation culture. These results suggest that dihydropyriculol can be used as a chemical weapon against S. griseus.