bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River water temperatures are higher during lower flows after accounting for meteorological variability
Authors: Booker Doug J. , Whitehead Amy L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRiver water temperature is known to be important for water quality and ecosystem processes. We quantified the degree to which lower river flows are associated with warmer river water, after accounting for seasonality and meteorological variability. We applied a systematic methodology to analyse observed mean daily river water temperature and mean daily river flow from 47 sites draining mountain, hill, and lowland catchments across the Canterbury region of Aotearoa New Zealand. We fitted regression models to remove seasonal patterns from all variables, then removed correlations between water temperature and each of three meteorological variables (solar radiation, air temperature, and earth temperature) before quantifying water temperature‐river flow relationships. Strong seasonal patterns were present in water temperature and each meteorological variable across all sites. Many sites also showed strong seasonal patterns in river flows. We demonstrated that seasonal patterns must be accounted for before day‐to‐day associations between water temperature and meteorological variables or river flow can be characterised. Higher water temperatures were associated with lower flows for 46 of 47 sites, even after having accounted for seasonality and associations with each meteorological variable. Increases in water temperature associated with a hypothetical reduction in river flow from the median to the fifth percentile varied with the site but were 0.5°C on average. This finding has important implications for river flow management because it indicates that increased river water temperatures would accompany reduced river flows regardless of site or catchment characteristics.
Soil properties and topographic features influence within‐field variation in potato tuber yield in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Zebarth Bernie J. , Moreau Gilles , Dixon Tom , Fillmore Sherry , Smith Anne , Hann Sheldon , Comeau Louis‐Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReduced within‐field potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield variation may lead to increased productivity and reduced environmental impact. Using soil samples collected from 88 site‐years in commercial fields in New Brunswick, Canada from 2013–2017, this study examined how within‐field variation in potato tuber yield was related to soil properties and topographic features. At each of 774 sampling locations, a wide range of soil physical and chemical properties was measured in the lab and topographic features were assessed using a regional digital elevation model. Principal component (PC) analysis identified three PCs, which accounted for 79.1% of the total variation. The PC1 (41.3% of total variance) was dominated by soil texture (i.e., sand, silt) and the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (i.e., soil organic C, particulate organic matter C, and soil C/N ratio). Under rain‐fed potato production in New Brunswick, finer soil texture and increased soil organic matter pools are expected to enhance soil water availability and thereby improve yield. The PC2 (22.7% of total variance) was related primarily to parameters associated with soil fertility, and PC3 (15.1% of total variance) was related primarily with concave or convex landforms, which may influence yield through drought or excess water. This study demonstrated the value in using multivariate approaches to identify the factors that control within‐field yield variability in the presence of significant regional variation in soil properties and environmental conditions. The findings point to the value of enhancing the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as a key strategy to overcome yield limitations under rain‐fed production.
Contrary Logic Pair Library, Parity Generator/Checker and Various Concatenated Logic Circuits Engineered by a Label‐Free and Immobilization‐Free Electrochemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer System
Authors: Zhu Liping , Yu Linying , Meng Tian , Peng Yao , Yang Xiurong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, a label‐free and immobilization‐free electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL‐RET) system based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNNs)/Ru(phen)32+ donor/acceptor pair is developed, in which the ECL‐RET is regulated by regulating the diffusivity of Ru(phen)32+ molecules toward the negatively charged GCNNs through logically programmed DNA hybridization reactions. The two optical signals of GCNNs (445 nm) and Ru(phen)32+ (593 nm) show completely opposite changes through the same one‐time DNA hybridization reaction. Based on this ECL‐RET system, a contrary logic pair (CLP) library, a parity generator/checker system for differentiating the erroneous bits during data transmission, the parity checker to identify the even/odd natural numbers from 0 to 9, and a series of concatenated logic circuits including a six‐input logic gate capable of implementing of 64 input combinations for meeting the needs of computational complexity are developed. The ECL‐RET‐based molecular logic system avoids the time‐consuming, costly and inefficient labeling procedures and the laborious processes of immobilization, presenting great potential for building more complicated and advanced logic gates, and providing a refreshing inspiration for the construction of combinatorial logic circuits based on ECL method.
A General Strategy toward Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles Confined in a Sulfur‐Doped Ti3C2Tx MXene 3D Porous Aerogel for Efficient Ambient N2 Electroreduction
Authors: Li Qinglin , Song Tao , Wang Zhaozhan , Wang Xiaoxue , Zhou Xin , Wang Qi , Yang Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) porous MXene‐based aerogel architectures have attracted great interest for many applications, despite limits in renewable energy conversion owing to the lack of multifunctionality in their components. Herein, a simple and general strategy for constructing a novel functional 3D MXene‐based composite heterojunction aerogel (MS@S‐MAs) is presented via divalent metal‐ion assembly and subsequent thermal sulfidation, and its application in electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is studied. The as‐prepared MS@S‐MAs comprises metal sulfide nanoparticles uniformly confined in 3D interconnected conductive S‐doped MXene sheets with intimate interfacial interaction. Benefiting from the unique properties and an interfacial interaction, MS@S‐MAs exhibit significantly improved NRR catalytic performance and excellent stability because of the higher exposure of electrochemically active sites coupled with easier accessibility, faster mass diffusion, and quicker carrier transport at the interface. Remarkably, CoS@S‐MAs show an NH3 yield rate and a Faradaic efficiency of 12.4 µg h−1 mg−1cat and 27.05% at the lower potential of −0.15 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 m Na2SO4 solution under ambient conditions, which rivals or exceeds most of the previously reported MXene‐based and Co‐based catalysts. This work will open avenues to construct 3D MXene‐based materials with rich functionalities for energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and other applications.
Construction of Low‐Cost Z‐Scheme Heterostructure Cu2O/PCN for Highly Selective CO2 Photoreduction to Methanol with Water Oxidation
Authors: Tian Zhi‐Yuan , Kong Li‐Hui , Wang Ye , Wang Hong‐Juan , Wang Yu‐Jie , Yao Shuang , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 reaction with water oxidation into alcohols represents a promising approach to achieve real artificial photosynthesis. However, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers seriously restricts the development of artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a facile method is explored to construct low‐cost Z‐Scheme heterostructure Cu2O/polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) by in situ growth of Cu2O hollow nanocrystal on PCN. The protective PCN layer and Z‐schematic charge flow can make robust Cu2O/PCN photocatalysts, and the spatial separation of electrons and holes with high redox potentials of ECB (−1.15 eV) and EVB (1.65 eV) versus NHE can efficiently drive CO2 photoreduction to methanol in pure water, which is further confirmed by DFT calculation. The Z‐scheme heterostructure Cu2O/PCN exhibits a high methanol yield of 276 µmol g−1 in 8 h with ca. 100% selectivity, much superior to that of isolated Cu2O and PCN, and all the reported Cu2O‐based heterostructures. This work provides a unique strategy to efficiently and selectively promote the conversion of CO2 and H2O into high‐value chemicals by constructing a low‐cost Z‐scheme heterostructure.
Enhanced Emission from Interlayer Excitons Coupled to Plasmonic Gap Cavities
Authors: Tran Thinh N. , Kim Sejeong , White Simon J. U. , Nguyen Minh Anh Phan , Xiao Licheng , Strauf Stefan , Yang Tieshan , Aharonovich Igor , Xu Zai‐Quan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe emergence of interlayer excitons (IEs) from atomic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) heterostructures has drawn tremendous attention due to their unique and exotic optoelectronic properties. Coupling the IEs into optical cavities provides distinctive electromagnetic environments which plays an important role in controlling multiple optical processes such as optical nonlinear generation or photoluminescence enhancement. Here, the integration of IEs in TMDCs into plasmonic nanocavities based on a nanocube on a metallic mirror is reported. Spectroscopic studies reveal an order of magnitude enhancement of the IE at room temperature and a 5‐time enhancement in fluorescence at cryogenic temperatures. Cavity modeling reveals that the enhancement of the emission is attributed to both increased excitation efficiency and Purcell effect from the cavity. The results show a novel method to control the excitonic processes in TMDC heterostructures to build high performance photonics and optoelectronics devices.
Enhancing the Intrinsic Activity and Stability of Perovskite Cobaltite at Elevated Temperature Through Surface Stress
Authors: Zhou Mengzhen , Liu Jiapeng , Ye Yongjian , Sun Xiang , Chen Huijun , Zhou Deng , Yin Yimei , Zhang Nian , Ling Yihan , Ciucci Francesco , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerovskite‐based oxides attract great attention as catalysts for energy and environmental devices. Nanostructure engineering is demonstrated as an effective approach for improving the catalytic activity of the materials. The mechanism for the enhancement, nevertheless, is still not fully understood. In this study, it is demonstrated that compressive strain can be introduced into freestanding perovskite cobaltite La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ (LSC) nanofibers with sufficient small size. Crystal structure analysis suggests that the LSC fiber is characterized by compressive strain along the ab plane and less distorted CoO6 octahedron compared to the bulk powder sample. Accompanied by such structural changes, the nanofiber shows significantly higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and better stability at elevated temperature, which is attributed to the higher oxygen vacancy concentration and suppressed Sr segregation in the LSC nanofibers. First‐principle calculations further suggest that the compressive strain in LSC nanofibers effectively shortens the distance between the Co 3d and O 2p band center and lowers the oxygen vacancy formation energy. The results clarify the critical role of surface stress in determining the intrinsic activity of perovskite oxide nanomaterials. The results of this work can help guide the design of highly active and durable perovskite catalysts via nanostructure engineering.
Investigation of direct waste‐activated sludge dewatering benefits and costs in a water resource recovery facility
Authors: Mentzer Casey , Drinkwater Michael , Pagilla Krishna R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDewatering of anaerobic digested (AD) sludge containing waste‐activated sludge (WAS) from enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) poses numerous challenges including poor dewaterability, struvite scale formation, and recycling of high N and P levels in the sludge liquor to the treatment process. A full‐scale water reclamation facility was investigated to mitigate these problems by experimenting with direct dewatering of EBPR WAS, bypassing the AD step. The investigations experimented with various blends of AD primary sludge with undigested thickened WAS to achieve dewatering performance improvements and overall operational cost savings. Direct thickened WAS dewatering has had many positive impacts including enhanced sludge cake solids concentration, reduced chemical use for facility operations, reduced struvite scaling, reduced biogas conditioning media servicing, eliminated need for centrate treatment, recovered capacity of existing unit operations including anaerobic digesters, and eliminated several proposed capital improvement projects that were previously deemed necessary. Although bypassing of WAS to AD reduced total biogas production, the specific gas yield increased to meet all of the facility's biogas demands and minimized excess gas flaring. The overall biosolids production mass increased causing increased transportation costs for disposal and caused notable odors, both of which are being currently investigated.Practitioner Points

Direct WAS dewatering bypassing anaerobic digestion yields operational and process benefits in an EBPR water resource recovery facility
Dewatered cake solids were increased compared with combined primary and WAS anaerobic digestion and dewatering
Nutrient loads in sludge processing returns streams and operational costs are reduced by direct WAS dewatering
King Abdulaziz University Approach to Develop Financial Resources
Authors: AI-Youbi Abdulrahman Obaid , Zahed Adnan Hamza Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSaudi universities have benefited a lot from the budgets provided by the government to universities in order to encourage education and spread it among the various groups of Saudi society. The public universities in Saudi Arabia, since their establishment, provide education to their students free. Based on the Saudi Vision 2030, and the new Saudi universities by-law 2020, universities can now establish their own endowments and companies, and to get revenues from the cost of the study programs, diplomas, courses, and services provided.
Share the Mission: Philanthropy and Engagement for Universities
Authors: Tsui Bernadette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUniversities represent hope and change, aspiration and inspiration. Apart from the core missions of teaching, research, and innovation, universities nurture leaders, tackle grand challenges, promote shared goals and values, and are fundamental to the culture and spirit of a place. They garner support from alumni who feel a natural bond and from benefactors who seek to invest in progress, thus building their own social capital. Educational philanthropy ensures growth of the university and shapes its community’s social, economic, and technological development. This chapter explores the principles, ideas and metheodologies as universities in Asia engage their community and stakeholders. This is both an art and science that involves branding, outreach, networking and, ultimately, a philosophy of giving.
An Alternative Model of University Endowment
Authors: Atalar Abdullah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA university endowment is typically composed of assets, stocks and bonds to generate money for supporting the university’s mission. Most university endowments in the Western hemisphere are developed by donations and gifts. In the developing countries, where the donation culture does not exist, one needs to resort to alternative methods of generating an endowment. The paper presents an alternative model of university endowment, which could be adopted to develop an endowment for a university.
Designing Analytic Serious Games: An Expert Affordance View on Privacy Decision-Making
Authors: Jost Patrick , Divitini Monica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith advancing digitalisation and the associated ubiquitous data processing, people face frequent privacy decisions. As personal data is often collected and processed in non-transparent ways, decision-making is tedious and regularly results in unthoughtful choices that resign privacy to comfort. Serious Games (SG) could be instrumentalised to raise awareness about privacy concerns and investigate how better privacy decisions can be encouraged. However, creating a SG that can research and promote better privacy choices while providing exciting gameplay requires carefully balanced game design. In this study, we interviewed 20 international experts in privacy, psychology, education, game studies, and interaction design to elicit design suggestions for analytic Serious Games that can be applied to research and improve privacy decision-making. With a mixed-method approach, we conducted a qualitative affordance analysis and quantified the findings to determine each expert groups’ perceptions of how to investigate and educate privacy decision-making with games while keeping an engaging experience for players. The findings suggest that privacy decision-making is best analysed by storytelling that extends to a real-world context and engages the player with curiosity. Decision-making investigation is suggested to either apply unobtrusive in-game monitoring with story-aligned character interrogation, switching to a meta-context or include personal data and devices from daily routines. Conclusively, design implications for analytic SG targeting privacy are synthesised from the experts’ suggestions.
Nachhaltige Entwicklung als Strategie der Völkergemeinschaft zur Überwindung der „Grenzen des Wachstums“. Ein kritisch-historischer Abriss
Authors: Blättel-Mink Birgit 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungNachhaltige Entwicklung ist ein politisches Leitbild, auf welches sich die Völkergemeinschaft in den 1980er Jahren verständigt hat, um der von vielen Wissenschaftler*innen konstatierten ökologischen Krise sozial und ökonomisch verträgliche Lösungen entgegenzusetzen. Das Leitbild basiert auf der freiwilligen Selbstverpflichtung der Länder und so wundert es nicht, dass die Erfolge in Richtung gerechte Verteilung inter- und intragenerationaler Lebensbedingungen bis dato eher bescheiden ausfallen. In einem historischen Abriss werden die politischen und wissenschaftlichen Facetten des Leitbildes ausbuchstabiert und einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen.
Transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung – Methoden, Kriterien, gesellschaftliche Relevanz
Authors: Jahn Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungTransdisziplinäre Forschung gewinnt immer stärker an Bedeutung, insbesondere in der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung. Hier geht es darum, komplexe gesellschaftliche Probleme wissenschaftlich fundiert zu gestalten und dabei die unterschiedlichen Interessen, Erwartungen und Wissensbestände der verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Akteure systematisch in den Forschungsprozess zu integrieren. In diesem Beitrag wird dargelegt, was die Charakteristika der Nachhaltigkeitsforschung sind, welchen Anforderungen sie sich stellen muss, warum Transdisziplinarität der geeignete Forschungsmodus dafür ist und was ein gutes, d. h. kritisch geprüftes transdisziplinäres Forschungsdesign ausmacht. Letzteres ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da Qualitätsstandards für transdisziplinäre Forschung noch nicht abschließend innerwissenschaftlich ausgehandelt sind. Der Beitrag gibt eine Antwort auf die Frage, wie sich in einer solchen, kritisch angelegten transdisziplinären Nachhaltigkeitsforschung wissenschaftliche Exzellenz mit gesellschaftlicher Relevanz verbinden lässt und welche Kriterien für die Qualität des Forschungsproblems, des Forschungsprozesses und der Forschungsergebnisse gelten sollten.
Two-loop $$ \mathcal{O} $$((αt + αλ + ακ)2) corrections to the Higgs boson masses in the CP-violating NMSSM
Authors: Dao Thi Nhung , Gabelmann Martin , Mühlleitner Margarete , Rzehak Heidi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present our computation of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
((αt + αλ + ακ)2) two-loop corrections to the Higgs boson masses of the CP-violating Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) using the Feynman-diagrammatic approach in the gaugeless limit at vanishing external momentum. We choose a mixed $$ \overline{\mathrm{DR}} $$

DR
¯

-on-shell (OS) renormalisation scheme for the Higgs sector and apply both $$ \overline{\mathrm{DR}} $$

DR
¯

and OS renormalisation in the top/stop sector. For the treatment of the infrared divergences we apply and compare three different regularisation methods: the introduction of a regulator mass, the application of a small momentum expansion, and the inclusion of the full momentum dependence. Our new corrections have been implemented in the Fortran code NMSSMCALC that computes the Higgs mass spectrum of the CP-conserving and CP-violating NMSSM as well as the Higgs boson decays including the state-of-the-art higher-order corrections. Our numerical analysis shows that the newly computed corrections increase with rising λ and κ, remaining overall below about 3% compared to our previously computed $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αt(αt + αs)) corrections, in the region compatible with perturbativity below the GUT scale. The renormalisation scheme and scale dependence is of typical two-loop order. The impact of the CP-violating phases in the new corrections is small. We furthermore show that the Goldstone Boson Catastrophe due to the infrared divergences can be treated in a numerically efficient way by introducing a regulator mass that approximates the momentum-dependent results best for squared mass values in the permille range of the squared renormalisation scale. Our results mark another step forward in the program of increasing the precision in the NMSSM Higgs boson observables.
The EFT stringy viewpoint on large distances
Authors: Lanza Stefano , Marchesano Fernando , Martucci Luca , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe observe a direct relation between the existence of fundamental axionic strings, dubbed EFT strings, and infinite distance limits in 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 EFTs coupled to gravity. The backreaction of EFT strings can be interpreted as RG flow of their couplings, and allows one to probe different regimes within the field space of the theory. We propose that any 4d EFT infinite distance limit can be realised as an EFT string flow. We show that along such limits the EFT string becomes asymptotically tensionless, and so the EFT eventually breaks down. This provides an upper bound for the maximal field range of an EFT with a finite cut-off, and reproduces the Swampland Distance Conjecture from a bottom-up perspective. Even if there are typically other towers of particles becoming light, we propose that the mass of the leading tower scales asm2∼$$ \mathcal{T} $$Twin Planck units, with$$ \mathcal{T} $$Tthe EFT string tension andwa positive integer. Our results hold even in the presence of a non-trivial potential, as long as its energy scale remains well below the cut-off. We check both proposals for large classes of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 string compactifications, finding that only the valuesw= 1,2,3 are realised.
Jets and photons spectroscopy of Higgs-ALP interactions
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Dias A. G. , Lopes D. D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Axion-like particles (ALPs) and Higgs bosons can interact in scalar sectors beyond the Standard Model, leading the Higgs boson to decay into pairs of gluons and photons through the ALP interaction and giving rise to resonances in the decay products of the process h → aa → gg + γγ, resembling a spectral-line analysis. We explore this signature to constrain an ALP effective field theory formulation. Our analyses show that the forthcoming runs of the LHC will be capable of probing the ALP-Higgs interaction in the ALP mass range from 0.5 to 60 GeV using an automatized search strategy that adapts to different ALP masses in inclusive jets plus photons final states. Such interaction can also be tested in mass regions where the two and four-photon search channels are currently ineffective.