bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Standard Operational Procedures for Maintenance and Repair of Mechanical and Electrical Component in Government Building to Improving Safety Planning
Authors: Putri Anita Handayani , Latief Yusuf , Sagita Leni , Machfudiyanto Rossy Armyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To develop maintenance and repair procedures for mechanical and electrical components of government building to improve safety planning. Method of the research using content and construct validation, pilot survey and respondent survey which is then validated using Delphi Method by experts. Result of this research are In developing the maintenance and repair procedures for mechanical and electrical components of government buildings, stages are carried out in the form of identifying the organizational forms and job descriptions of the institution, identifying the components and activities of mechanical and electrical maintenance and maintenance of the building, identifying the person in charge and implementing work activities, establishing the flow of communication, identify risk events in the activity, analyse the highest risk, identify the highest risk response, and develop procedures with the addition of risk response activities. OHS planning developed in this study is risk based so that it can reduce the adverse impacts on occupational health and safety (OHS) by referring to Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 05 of 2014. This research is about how to develop standard operational procedures for mechanical and electrical components in government buildings. The current government building is a building that has a fairly old age, resulting the condition of the building has a lot of damage in various components, for instance mechanical and electrical components. If ignored, these conditions will lead to decrease the quality of the building and may eventually lead to the destruction of the building. Building maintenance and repair work is one of the solutions to maintain the reliability of the building remains functional. However, the absence of proper procedures on government buildings in one of the government agencies becomes obstacles to the implementation of the work. This causes maintenance and repair activities to be ineffective and inefficient, in addition to affecting the results obtained.
Development of Quality Management System for Construction Services Procurement to Improve the Quality of Contractor Performance in Universitas Indonesia
Authors: Okifitriana Maharani , Latief Yusuf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose: Construction work was one of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that stated in Universitas Indonesia (UI) Strategic Plan. Therefore, the success in the implementation of construction work had quite an influence in overall UI performance achievement, both the activities performance and financial performance. However, in the practice, the construction work implementation in UI was not always in line with the plan/expectation. The construction work was often delayed until the termination of contract that resulted in the obstruction of operational activities. This research had a purpose to develop the Quality Management System (QMS) for the Construction Services Procurement Process to Improve the Quality of Contractor Performance in Universitas Indonesia.Methodology: Research methods used were literature study, survey, and statistical analysis. Results: The development of Quality Management System (QMS) for the construction services procurement process in Universitas Indonesia. Applications/Originality/Value: With the development of this QMS, it is expected that the construction services procurement process could improve the quality of contractor performance and reduce the stoppage rate of projects.
The influence of harmonic distortion on losses and efficiency of three-phase distribution transformer
Authors: Ulinuha Agus , Sari Eka Muthia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The operation of non-linear load leads to distortion on system and equipment. The nonlinear relation between voltage and current implies higher frequency components of current and voltage called harmonic. This may constitute distortion on the fundamental waveform. If this distorted waveform applies to a transformer, it may lead to additional losses and therefore reduces transformer efficiency. The losses occur due to the degree of harmonic distortion, commonly called total harmonic distortion (THD). This paper discusses the operating condition of three-phase transformer serving nonlinear load in the form of power converter. The related impacts of THD on voltage and current, additional power losses and its efficiency are analysed. The calculation is implemented on a 200 kVA three-phase transformer serving a rectifier supplying a balanced inductive load. For analysis purpose the system is simulated using Simulink in MATLAB environment. From the generated results it is identified the THD of voltage and current distortions of 19% and 18%, respectively. These distortion is analysed to confirm the standard of IEEE 519-2014 verifying the distortions exceeding the maximum limit for both voltage and current. The effect of harmonic on transformer loss is also observed. The loss is calculated taking into account all parameters ensuring the calculation is valid. The result indicates the increase of loss due to considering harmonic distortion from 0.62 kW to 1.854 kW causing reduction of efficiency from 99.65% to 98.97%. This loss addition implies a derating of the transformer to avoid transformer overload that may shorten the device’s lifetime.
Feasibility Analysis of Renewable Energy Alternative Selection in Rural Areas Using Zero Energy Building Concept
Authors: Ramadhan Rahadian , Farizal  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to utilizing renewable energy in rural areas using zero energy building (ZEB) concept and feasibility analysis, related to alternative renewable energy-based electricity generation in the use of energy in rural area. The first step, is to find out the amount of renewable energy in each city or district by looking at the average amount of rainfall, average wind speed, and the electrification ratio in each district or city in each province, the second stage is a literature study related to renewable energy technology, and the final step in this study is to determine the feasibility analysis related to the technology of renewable energy resources used by calculating the payback period and determining the cost of electricity produced Alternative 1 was chosen because it is the most efficient choice with only 2.56 years of payback period, suitable for use in rural areas and able to meet all the daily electricity needs of the house, by generating electricity of 1.156 kWh / year, with a COE of Rp1.410. This study compares several alternative of renewable energy technologies (i.e. solar panel and wind turbine) that can be used to meet electricity consumption needs in rural areas, combined with using a pico-hydro rainwater harvesting, which uses rainwater as an alternative energy source.
Climate-mediated dynamics of the northern limit of paddy rice in China
Authors: Liang Shefang , Wu Wenbin , Sun Jing , Li Zhipeng , Sun Xiao , Chen Hao , Chen Shi , Fan Lingling , You Liangzhi , Yang Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Paddy rice agriculture plays an important role in food security and has a considerable influence on natural systems. In the context of climate change, understanding the nature and drivers of shifts in the northern limit of paddy rice (NLPR) is crucial for adaptation strategies and food security. However, quantitative studies on the effect of climate change on paddy rice distribution shifts have not been well performed. Here, we mapped the NLPR in China using Landsat imagery from 1984 to 2013, analyzed the latitudinal and elevational dynamics of the NLPR using Fishnet analysis, and explored the factors driving the changes in rice area across the NLPR regions using a linear regression model. Our results show that between 1984 and 2013, the NLPR shifted 24.93 km northward (the greatest movement was 88.01 km occurring at approximately 133° E) and elevational limits increased by 39.15 m (the greatest movement was 117.08 m occurring at approximately 129° E). While socioeconomic factors (e.g. benefits, policies, irrigation, and mulch) played significant roles in rice area changes, the changes in rice area across the NLPR regions had the strongest positive association with the increase in the previous temperature, indicating that rice cultivation in the NLPR regions has moved to higher latitudes over the 30 year study period to adapt to climate change. Our study highlighted that quantifying the interactions between climate change and crop production systems can facilitate a better understanding of the human responses to changes in the growing conditions in the face of climate change and ensuring regional and global food security.
On construction of finite averaging sets for

SL(2,C)

via its Cartan decomposition
Authors: Markiewicz Marcin , Przewocki Janusz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Averaging physical quantities over Lie groups appears in many contexts across the rapidly developing branches of physics like quantum information science or quantum optics. Such an averaging process can be always represented as averaging with respect to a finite number of elements of the group, called a finite averaging set. In the previous research such sets, known as t-designs, were constructed only for the case of averaging over unitary groups (hence the name unitary
t
-designs). In this work we investigate the problem of constructing finite averaging sets for averaging over general non-compact matrix Lie groups, which is much more subtle task due to the fact that the the uniform invariant measure on the group manifold (the Haar measure) is infinite. We provide a general construction of such sets based on the Cartan decomposition of the group, which splits the group into its compact and non-compact components. The averaging over the compact part can be done in a uniform way, whereas the averaging over the non-compact one has to be endowed with a suppressing weight function, and can be approached using generalized Gauss quadratures. This leads us to the general form of finite averaging sets for semisimple matrix Lie groups in the product form of finite averaging sets with respect to the compact and non-compact parts. We provide an explicit calculation of such sets for the group

S
L

(

2
,
C

)

, although our construction can be applied to other cases. Possible applications of our results cover finding finite ensembles of random operations in quantum information science and quantum optics, which can be used in constructions of randomised quantum algorithms, including optical interferometric implementations.
Quantum measurement of space-time events
Authors: Brody Dorje C , Hughston Lane P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The phase space of a relativistic system can be identified with the future tube of complexified Minkowski space. As well as a complex structure and a symplectic structure, the future tube, seen as an eight-dimensional real manifold, is endowed with a natural positive-definite Riemannian metric that accommodates the underlying geometry of the indefinite Minkowski space metric, together with its symmetry group. A unitary representation of the 15-parameter group of conformal transformations can then be constructed that acts upon the Hilbert space of square-integrable holomorphic functions on the future tube. These structures are enough to allow one to put forward a quantum theory of phase-space events. In particular, a theory of quantum measurement can be formulated in a relativistic setting, based on the use of positive operator valued measures, for the detection of phase-space events, hence allowing one to assign probabilities to the outcomes of joint space-time and four-momentum measurements in a manifestly covariant framework. This leads to a localization theorem for phase-space events in relativistic quantum theory, determined by the associated Compton wavelength.
The methods and fruits of science
Authors: Wallace David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter briefly discusses central key topics in the philosophy of science that the remainder of the book draws upon. It begins by considering the scientific method. ‘Induction’—the idea that we construct scientific theories just by generalizing from observations—is a very poor match to real science. ‘Falsification’—Popper’s idea that we create a theory, test against observation, and discard it if it fails the test—is much more realistic, but still too simple: data only falsifies data given auxiliary assumptions that can themselves be doubted. The issues are illustrated through an example from modern astrophysics: dark matter. The chapter then explores how we can resolve issues of underdetermination, where two theories give the same predictions. Finally, it introduces ‘scientific realism’, the view that our best theories tell us things about the world that go beyond what is directly observable.
The architects of a reef
Authors: Sheppard Charles 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coral reefs are tropical ecosystems but show global patterns. The Caribbean has about 60 reef-building coral species, while Southeast Asia has nearly 1,000, this number broadly diminishing with distance east and west from the Southeast Asian region. Diversity of corals also diminishes broadly with distance north and south of the equator. While basic patterns exist, there are several kinds of reef in the same sense that there are different kinds of forests, sometimes forming near-monocultures, sometimes with more diverse mixtures of species. Their key to success is that they house vast numbers of captive dinoflagellates that photosynthesize in a close symbiosis, which explains how these complex ecosystems persist in the absence of substantial fields of large, visible seaweeds. All deposit limestone in its aragonite form, in a way characteristic to each species, which has been used for distinguishing between species. The basic unit of a coral, the polyp, reproduces sexually, but more importantly by asexual budding, which allows for the growth of large colonies of polyps, all clones. Numerous other organisms have crucial associations with the coral polyp: bacteria and archaea especially, the whole forming what is now termed the coral holobiont. Aside from photosynthesis, corals have nematocysts in their tentacles to capture zooplankton food. Corals compete for space using these stinging cells also, amongst other methods. On any reef, soft corals are numerous, especially in the Caribbean, though these do not deposit limestone rock. Calcareous algae are crucial reef-building components too, particularly in the shallows.
Microbial engines of the coral reef
Authors: Sheppard Charles 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The symbiosis between corals and the dinoflagellates—zooxanthellae—is the key to a tight recycling of nutrients on reefs that generally thrive best in nutrient poor parts of the oceans. But several other mechanisms and species groups aid transmission of organic matter and energy along the numerous food chains of a reef. Viruses, bacteria, and archaea are key to the recycling of carbon and organic compounds, making the ‘microbial loop’, one key but invisible aspect to how the reef functions. Cyanobacteria, formerly blue-green algae, are a major part of the micro-benthos too, and are important primary producers. Protists are also hugely abundant—larger, single-celled organisms which are eukaryotes with cells with nuclei, and this group has species that exist in planktonic and benthic forms. Foraminifera are important protists, being abundant and having calcareous tests, so that they are significant sand producers in some areas. Finally, zooplankton provide food for numerous reef species, and indeed larvae from all species form part of the plankton temporarily too.
Global scale pressures on reefs—climate change
Authors: Sheppard Charles 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ocean temperatures are rising. This is critical for corals and other reef organisms because most live very close to their thermal limits already. The rise is caused by the greenhouse effect from increasing CO2 emissions. Superimposed on a general background rise caused by the general increase in heat content of the world are pulses—ocean heatwaves—caused by vagaries in ocean circulation. Globally, this is now the greatest threat to reefs. Warming pulses cause mass coral bleaching and mortality when the overstressed symbiotic algae are expelled from the corals, showing the white limestone beneath the now transparent coral tissue. All coral reef areas of the world now exhibit mass bleaching events. Recovery of a reef is possible, but only if given some decades of stable temperatures, and predictions are that warming events are occurring increasingly frequently and are of increasing severity. Coral cover on reefs in all reef areas is declining sharply. Seawater also becomes increasingly acidic, which impedes coral calcification. Added to this, there is a lag of 20–40 years for carbon dioxide in the air to equilibrate with the ocean, so even were there to be a cessation in the rise in the atmosphere today, these effects would continue to develop for a few decades more. 350 parts per million CO2 is considered to be a threshold concentration for calcification to be possible but already the atmosphere is at about 415 ppm. Sea levels are rising too as a result, and reefs are degrading and losing their ability to act as breakwaters.
Subtherapeutic posaconazole prophylaxis in a gastric bypass patient following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Highsmith Emily A , Doan Vi P , Canada Todd W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A case of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) with subtherapeutic posaconazole prophylaxis in a gastric bypass patient following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is reported.

Summary
A 52-year-old malnourished male with a medical history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity developed acute myelogenous leukemia and underwent allogeneic HSCT approximately 17 months later. He was admitted 1 month after HSCT for failure to thrive and initiated on parenteral nutrition due to worsening diarrhea and suspected gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI GVHD). During admission, the patient was continued on daily oral posaconazole for antifungal prophylaxis and was found to have subtherapeutic posaconazole and deficient vitamin levels, likely secondary to his gastrojejunostomy and increased gastric transit time. The oral posaconazole was altered to twice-daily dosing in an effort to increase serum drug levels and prevent IFIs.

Conclusion
Patients with a history of gastric bypass are at increased risk for malabsorption of oral posaconazole and nutrients, especially following HSCT with suspected GI GVHD.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Metanephrines in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Eijkelenkamp Karin , Osinga Thamara E , van Faassen Martijn , Kema Ido P , Kerstens Michiel N , Pacak Karel , Sluiter Wim J , Links Thera P , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasurements of plasma free metanephrines are recommended for diagnosing pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL). Metanephrines can be detected in saliva with LC-MS/MS with sufficient analytical sensitivity and precision. Because collecting saliva is noninvasive and less cumbersome than plasma or urine sampling, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of salivary metanephrines in diagnosing PPGL.MethodsThis 2-center study included 118 healthy participants (44 men; mean age: 33 years (range: 19--74 years)), 44 patients with PPGL, and 54 patients suspected of PPGL. Metanephrines were quantified in plasma and saliva using LC-MS/MS. Diagnostic accuracy; correlation between plasma and salivary metanephrines; and potential factors influencing salivary metanephrines, including age, sex, and posture during sampling, were assessed.ResultsSalivary metanephrines were significantly higher in patients with PPGL compared with healthy participants (metanephrine (MN): 0.19 vs 0.09 nmol/L, P &lt; 0.001; normetanephrine (NMN): 2.90 vs 0.49 nmol/L, P &lt; 0.001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of salivary metanephrines were 89% and 87%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of salivary metanephrines was 88%, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.880. We found a significant correlation between plasma and salivary metanephrines (Pearson correlation coefficient: MN, 0.86, P &lt; 0.001; NMN, 0.83, P &lt; 0.001). Salivary NMN concentrations were higher when collected in a seated position compared with supine (P &lt; 0.001) and increased with age (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsSalivary metanephrines are a promising tool in the biochemical diagnosis of PPGL. Salivary metanephrines correlate with plasma free metanephrines and are increased in patients with PPGL. At this time, however, salivary metanephrines cannot replace measurement of plasma free metanephrines.
Is it necessary to routinely perform feeding jejunostomy at the time of esophagectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Li-Xiang , Wang Yong-Yong , Tan Xiang , Chen Yong , Dai Lei , Chen Ming-Wu 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is a routine procedure at the time of esophagectomy in some centers. With the widespread popularization of enhanced recovery after surgery, the necessity of FJ has been increasingly questioned. This study aims to analyze the differences in safety and effectiveness between with (FJ group) or without (no-FJ group) performing FJ at the time of esophagectomy. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched for relevant studies, including randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. The primary outcome was the length of hospital stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were overall postoperative complications, postoperative pneumonia, intestinal obstruction, and weight loss at 3 and 6 months after esophagectomy. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for statistical analysis. About 12 studies comprising 2,173 patients were included. The FJ group had a longer LOS (WMD = 2.05, P = 0.01) and a higher incidence of intestinal obstruction (OR = 11.67, P &lt; 0.001) than the no-FJ group. The incidence of overall postoperative complications (OR = 1.24, P = 0.31) and postoperative pneumonia (OR = 1.43, P = 0.13) were not significantly different, nor the weight loss at 3 months (WMD = 0.58, P = 0.24) and 6 months (P &gt; 0.05) after esophagectomy. Current evidence suggests that routinely performing FJ at the time of esophagectomy appears not to generate better postoperative outcomes. FJ may need to be performed selectively rather than routinely. More studies are required to further verify.