bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Dilatational Properties and Foam Performance of Surfactant-Nanoparticle Foaming System under Ultra-High Salinity
Authors: Wang Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have studied the surface dilatational properties of aqueous foaming dispersions containing mixtures of silica nanoparticles (Ludox CL) and sulfobetaine (LHSB) in Tahe formation water. The effects of temperature and pH on the surface dilatational modulus and time shift were studied by oscillating drop module (ODM). The ODM results show that the surface dilatational modulus of mixtures of CL and LHSB is large and increases with the decrease of surface area deformation, which results from hydrophobic interaction between adsorbed mixtures. Under test conditions, the Gibbs stability criterion E > σ/2 against foam coarsening is fulfilled. Results of Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) show that an uniform adsorption layer is established at the air-water interface. Temperature and pH-value influence the dilatation modulus of the surface by hydrophobic interaction or adsorption. Time shift has a similar variation trend. This is a surprising feature. It suggests that LHSB adsorbed on CL can respond to surface tension gradient. The time shift difference results from the response of LHSB at different adsorption sites. In addition, sand pack tests show that compared to LHSB, a finer foam was produced by the mixtures CL/LHSB due to the capillary-induced \snap-off". Thus, higher pressure difference and higher oil recovery could be achieved.
Two Novel Methods for the Determination of Benzalkonium Chloride in Bandages by Resonance Light Scattering Technology
Authors: Li Yinhua , Xu Zhongyuan , Yu Mengting , Wang Zhen , Ma Weixing , Dong Zibo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, two novel resonance light scattering (RLS) methods were developed for the determination of benzalkonium chloride. These methods were based on the formation of inorganic anionic-surfactant aggregates in a Clark-Lubs medium, which increases the resonance light scattering intensity of the reaction system and were also predominantly divided into sodium tungstate-benzalkonium chloride (method A) or phosphomolybdate-benzalkonium chloride (method B). The detection is performed both at 285 nm. Under the established conditions, the limits of quantification ranged from 0.10 mg L–1 to 1.00 mg L–1 with the R values of 0.9994 and from 0.20 mg · L–1 to 3.20 mg · L–1 with the R values of 0.9991, with good precision and accuracy both for method A and method B. The limits of detection were 0.029 mg · L–1 for method A and 0.013 mg · L–1 for method B. These two methods were successfully applied for the assay of benzalkonium chloride for the first time. All validation parameters were in agreement with the International Conference on Harmonization of Requirements for Registration Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Compared to the classical spectrophotometric method, these two methods take advantages of rapidity, high efficiency and good selectivity.
The Role of Solid Particles Obtained from Plant Materials in Improvement the Quality of Cosmetic Care Balms
Authors: Wasilewski Tomasz , Nizioł-Łukaszewska Zofia , Bujak Tomasz , Szmuc Edyta , Czerwonka Dominik , Mucha Magdalena , Sarna Katarzyna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sensory properties of cosmetic emulsions are part of the basic properties of products such as face creams and body balms. They are extremely important parameters in the product evaluation by consumers. Cosmetics manufacturers are increasingly introducing ingredients in the form of solid particles (talc, bentonite, clay) into formulations to improve the sensory properties of products. Their addition simplifies the application of the emulsion on the skin, effects faster absorption and leaves a feeling of silky smoothness after application. During the work, we investigated solid particles of plant origin: powder from ground orange peel and oat grain. These ingredients were introduced into the formulation of the model body balms. The antioxidant and physicochemical properties of the obtained emulsions as well as the skin hydration after their application were evaluated. It has been shown that the introduction of solid plant particles increases the antioxidant properties of the emulsions and significantly improves emulsion stability and skin moisture after application.
Evaluation of Suitability of Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Performance Improvement of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Foam and Compressive Strength of Foam Concrete
Authors: Sahu Sritam Swapnadarshi , Ranjani Gandhi Indu Siva , Kumar Amit , Garg Saurav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, foam concrete is commonly used for various construction applications such as partitions, filling grades, road embankment infills, and sound and heat insulation. It is to be noted that the foam production parameters have significant influence on the cellular structure of foam concrete, which governs the material properties of concrete. Hence, in an attempt to improve the foam quality, the present work focuses on evaluation of the suitability of viscosity enhancing agent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in performance improvement of foam produced with surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for use in foam concrete production. Firstly, the influence of the addition of CMC on behavior of foam produced with surfactant SLS was studied by evaluating essential characteristics such as foam density, foam stability, and viscosity of surfactant solution. As a next step, the microstructure of foam and its behavior in cement slurry and mortar at the optimized concentrations of SLS and CMC were studied. Experimental studies revealed that the addition of 0.2 % CMC to 2.5 % SLS surfactant solution resulted in a 134 % increase in viscosity of surfactant solution, which eventually resulted in tremendous improvement in foam quality in terms of 34 % reduction in foam drainage (at the 5th minute after foam generation) and 22 % reduction in larger size foam bubbles (D90). Furthermore, as the air void microstructure of foam concrete is dependent on the foam bubble sizes, the reduction in foam bubble sizes resulted in 20 % enhancement in compressive strength of foam concrete. The addition of CMC is also found to affect the workability of foam concrete mixes, which is evident from the reduction in flow spread and the increase in flow time. Also, as the foam has retarding properties, the increase in foam content is found to increase the demolding time requirement of foam concrete specimens.
Neural Code of Motor Planning and Execution during Goal-Directed Movements in Crows
Authors: Rinnert Paul , Nieder Andreas 
Published: February 2021

The planning and execution of head-beak movements are vital components of bird behavior. They require integration of sensory input and internal processes with goal-directed motor output. Despite its relevance, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action planning and execution outside of the song system are largely unknown. We recorded single-neuron activity from the associative endbrain area nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) of two male carrion crows (Corvus corone) trained to plan and execute head-beak movements in a spatial delayed response task. The crows were instructed to plan an impending movement toward one of eight possible targets on the left or right side of a touchscreen. In a fraction of trials, the crows were prompted to plan a movement toward a self-chosen target. NCL neurons signaled the impending motion direction in instructed trials. Tuned neuronal activity during motor planning categorically represented the target side, but also specific target locations. As a marker of intentional movement preparation, neuronal activity reliably predicted both target side and specific target location when the crows were free to select a target. In addition, NCL neurons were tuned to specific target locations during movement execution. A subset of neurons was tuned during both planning and execution period; these neurons experienced a sharpening of spatial tuning with the transition from planning to execution. These results show that the avian NCL not only represents high-level sensory and cognitive task components, but also transforms behaviorally-relevant information into dynamic action plans and motor execution during the volitional perception-action cycle of birds.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCorvid songbirds have become exciting new models for understanding complex cognitive behavior. As a key neural underpinning, the endbrain area nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) represents sensory and memory-related task components. How such representations are converted into goal-directed motor output remained unknown. In crows, we report that NCL neurons are involved in the planning and execution of goal-directed movements. NCL neurons prospectively signaled motion directions in instructed trials, but also when the crows were free to choose a target. NCL neurons showed a target-specific sharpening of tuning with the transition from the planning to the execution period. Thus, the avian NCL not only represents high-level sensory and cognitive task components, but also transforms relevant information into action plans and motor execution.
Artist as Witness
Authors: Deffebach Nancy 
Published: February 2021

After creating a substantial corpus of art that was political in the sense that the female body and social justice are political, but which had not dealt with national politics, the Colombian painter Débora Arango (1907–2005) embarked on an extended series of works that chronicled and critiqued politics and politicians during the undeclared civil war known as la Violencia (c. 1946 to 1965). This essay examines Arango’s first five paintings about the national politics of Colombia and, by extension, the role of the artist as witness.
Arango’s earliest political paintings represent the Liberal politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the rioting that erupted after his assassination in Bogotá on April 9, 1948, and the government’s suppression of Liberal rebels in Antioquia. This essay documents her personal connection to Gaitán, considers the cultural politics of the era, places the paintings in historical context, and analyzes the stylistic changes and international sources Arango employed to visualize the abuse of power.
The undated watercolor Gaitán (by 1948), which portrays the politician speaking to a vast, enthusiastic crowd, is the only political painting she ever created that does not criticize its subject. After Gaitán’s murder she switched to a more expressionistic visual language to condemn the violence that followed, first in Masacre del 9 de abril, then in three paintings that depict the transport of rebels in railroad boxcars in ways that evoke the Holocaust. The five images are the matrix from which her incisive political satire of the 1950s evolved.
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin for Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masarwa Reem , Brunetti Vanessa C. , Aloe Stephanie , Henderson Mélanie , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:
The efficacy and safety of metformin for obesity in children and adolescents remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the efficacy and safety of metformin via systematic review.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources included PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClincalTrials.gov (inception to November 2019).

STUDY SELECTION:
We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which researchers assessed the efficacy and safety of metformin with lifestyle interventions, compared with a placebo with lifestyle interventions, in children and adolescents with obesity.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed quality. The primary outcomes were mean changes from baseline in BMI, BMI z score, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and gastrointestinal adverse effects.

RESULTS:
Twenty-four RCTs (1623 patients; range: 16 to 151) were included. Ages ranged from 4 to 19 years, and follow-up ranged from 2 months to 2 years. Metformin resulted in a modest decrease in BMI (range of mean values: −2.70 to 1.30 vs −1.12 to 1.90), BMI z score (range of mean values: −0.37 to −0.03 vs −0.22 to 0.15), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (range of mean values: −3.74 to 1.00 vs −1.40 to 2.66). Metformin resulted in a higher frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects (range: 2% to 74% vs 0% to 42%).

LIMITATIONS:
The available evidence is of varying quality, with high heterogeneity between trials, suggesting some uncertainty in the benefits of metformin in this population.

CONCLUSIONS:
With this systematic review of RCTs, we suggest that metformin has modest but favorable effects on weight and insulin resistance and a tolerable safety profile among children and adolescents with obesity.
Moral e alienação
Authors: Biavati Zandoná Felipe 
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho pretende apresentar ao leitor uma aproximação entre a moral e a alienação a partir de um diálogo entre o jovem Hegel e Nietzsche. O objetivo geral do artigo é demonstrar - para além das divergências filosóficas - que o Hegel da juventude e Nietzsche possuem um cerne crítico comum no trato da moral. Como objetivo específico, o artigo pretende demonstrar que este cerne crítico da moral passa, primordialmente, pela crítica religiosa e, em especial pelo fenômeno da alienação. Na intenção de atingir os objetivos aqui traçados, tomaremos por base, inicialmente, a alienação como manifestada por Hegel nos seus escritos teológicos de juventude, em especial nas obras O positivismo da religião cristã e O espírito do cristianismo e seu destino. Importante será, na seqüência do trabalho, a crítica religiosa feita por Nietzsche na Genealogia da moral, já que possibilitará uma análise conjunta das duas filosofias e nos levará a um desfecho final do trabalho onde, como conclusão, pretenderá se demonstrar que os efeitos da alienação no jovem Hegel possuem claras semelhanças para com os efeitos da moral em Nietzsche.
A new Pseudolepanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Northwest Ecuador
Authors: Monteros Marco F. , Baquero Luis E. , Vieira-Uribe Sebastián 
Published: February 2021

A new species of the genus Pseudolepanthes discovered in Carchi province, northwest Ecuador, is described here. The new species is compared with P. zunagensis from which it is distinguished by a longer inflorescence with successive vinaceous or pale-yellow flowers, an elongate arcuate column, and a lip with an erect, thick, widely rectangular central callus.
Keywords: Dracula Reserve, EcoMinga, Trichosalpinx, Trichosalpinx pseudolepanthes
Nanopillar composite electrodes for solar-driven water splitting
Authors: Lippmaa Mikk , Kawasaki Seiji , Takahashi Ryota , Yamamoto Takahisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpontaneous noble metal dopant segregation in an oxide lattice can lead to the formation of metallic clusters and extended acicular inclusions. In a thin-film process, the shape and orientation of such noble metal inclusions are governed by the crystal growth direction, giving rise to a composite material with lattice-matched metal nanopillars embedded vertically in an insulating or semiconducting oxide matrix. An interesting application of such composites is in photoelectrochemical cell electrodes, where the metallic nanopillars take on three distinct roles: forming a Schottky junction with the host matrix, providing a low-loss current path from bulk to surface, and creating an efficient electrocatalytic active site on the electrode surface. In particular, we discuss the application of vertically aligned metal–oxide nanopillar composites in photoelectrochemical water-splitting cells used for direct solar-powered hydrogen generation.
Applicability of focused Ion beam (FIB) milling with gallium, neon, and xenon to the fracture toughness characterization of gold thin films
Authors: Preiß Eva I. , Merle Benoit , Xiao Yuan , Gannott Florentina , Liebig Jan P. , Wheeler Jeffrey M. , Göken Mathias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is an increasingly popular technique for fabricating micro-sized samples for nanomechanical characterization. Previous investigations have cautioned that exposure to a gallium ion beam can significantly alter the mechanical behavior of materials. In the present study, the effects of gallium, neon, and xenon ions are scrutinized. We demonstrate that fracture toughness measurements on freestanding gold thin films are unaffected by the choice of the ion species and milling parameters. This is likely because the crack initiation is controlled by the local microstructure and grain boundaries at the notch, rather than by the damaged area introduced by FIB milling. Additionally, gold is not susceptible to chemical embrittlement by common FIB ion species. This confirms the validity of microscale fracture measurements based on similar experimental designs.

Graphical abstract
The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance on Company Value Mediated by Competitive Advantage
Authors: Roos Ana Selvia , Budi Sulistiyo Agung , Prasetyo Whedy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This study examines the effect of the relationship between intellectual capital, good corporate governance, and firm value by using competitive advantage as mediation. Design/methodology/approach : This study uses a sample of companies registered in CGPI during the 2014-2018 period. Data analysis using regression and path analysis.Research findings : The research results show that the creation of a competitive advantage is inseparable from the role of intellectual capital and good corporate governance. In addition, competitive advantage is able to increase firm value but unfortunately it is not able to mediate company value.Theoretical contribution/ Originality : This study uses M-VAIC to measure intellectual capital where in this measurement there is additional relational capital, and the use of competitive advantage as a mediating variable.Practitioner/Policy implication : This study proves the resourced-based theory which states that a company can win the competition by having a competitive advantage so that in the end it can increase firm value.Research limitation/Implication: This study only includes CGPI listed companies as the research sample. In addition, the independent variables used are limited to intellectual capital and good corporate governance. Keywords: intellectual capital, good corporate governance, competitive advantage, company value
Адитивна технологія у виробництві повітряних суден
Authors: Hapon Viacheslav , Teplyk Yevgenii , Tuz Mykola 
Published: February 2021

Мета: Метою даної статті являється вирішення проблеми пов’язаної з великою вартістю, високою трудомісткістю та високим рівнем відходів виробництва, а також труднощі у виготовленні деталей складних форм, які дозволяють знизити масу готового виробу, за допомогою субтрактивного виробництва. Результати: У результаті аналізу складена порівняльна таблиця характеристик адитивної і субтрактивної технологій, а також виділені переваги адитивної технології. Обговорення: Проаналізована інформація великих компаній в аерокосмічній галузі, які застосували адитивну технологію виробництва і зроблений висновок про раціональність її впровадження в авіаційне виробництво.
Children’s books in Canada: history of development and current issues
Authors: Pavlenko S. V. 
Published: February 2021

The article studies the history of the development of children’s books in Canada. The author emphasises the main political, socio-economic and cultural factors that affect this process and form its unique characteristics. The hypothesis that «Canadian cultural identity» cannot yet be defined since it is continually, significantly affected by domestic issues and foreign cultures is proposed and analysed.The author analyses the historical way of Canadian children’s book development. The different stages of this development are taken into account: from the total domination of foreign children’s books on the Canadian market to the resurrection and reflection of the First Nation people’s history and culture in the new books of Canadian writers. The author suggests that the modern stage of the Canadian Children’s books existence gives these books a power to become an instrument of Canadian cultural identification.Different concepts of formation of the term Canadian children’s books are evaluated and their commonality and differences are underlined. The author defines the criteria that modern researchers, writers, publishers, cultural foundations and non-profit organizations use to describe the uniqueness of Canadian children’s books.The system of government and private financial support for Canadian writers, illustrators and publishers is described. The main strategies for support and promotion of Canadian children’s books inside Canada are analysed.
Wellbore Strengthening in Narrow Margin Drilling
Authors: Benyeogor Ogochukwu , Awe Sunday , Amah Obinna , Ugochukwu Oseme , Erinle Adeyemi , Akinfolarin Ayodele , Oseme Ugochukwu 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Natural gas is one of the cleanest energy sources, its uses range from fueling power stations to cooking and heating. Global demand for natural gas is expected to rise in the coming years. Meeting these energy demands means drilling deeper exploration and development wells to access huge volumes of gas present under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions. Despite the attractiveness of the reward, managing the narrow drilling window between the reservoir pore pressure and the formation fracture gradient has remained a major source of cost escalation and non-productive time on HPHT projects. In order to improve the economics of HPHT projects, technologies like Managed Pressure Drilling and borehole strengthening have been used as a means of mitigating the risks associated with narrow margin drilling, thus enabling a paradigm shift from traditional casing seat selection methodology.
In the Niger Delta, it is not uncommon to observe significant jumps in pore pressure values in proximate high pressure formations. The simplification of well designs and successful drilling operations are often challenged by the need to navigate through series of high pressured reservoirs in narrow margin windows. Compliance with process safety requirements requires selection of mud weight that is low enough to prevent mud loss and high enough to overbalance the reservoir pressure. Mud loss induced by formation fracture is often encountered in tight margin drilling, and when this happens, the focus shifts to strengthening the damaged wellbore using various techniques such as pumping chemical resins to seal off the loss zones. Various degrees of results have been achieved when borehole strengthening techniques are deployed with the objective of restoring wellbore integrity in both permeable and non-permeable formations. Successful deployments have resulted in achieving the well objectives safely and cost effectively.
This paper details loss of wellbore integrity experienced on an HPHT well in the Niger delta and the wellbore strengthening strategy that was used to restore the strength in a non-permeable formation. It sheds light on how understanding the nature of the fracture, rock lithology as well as proper job execution can restore a damaged wellbore to its previous strengths. A Cost reduction approach to the execution of the strategy is also discussed.