bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Intensity Distribution, Training Volume, and Periodization Models in Elite Swimmers: A Systematic Review
Authors: González-Ravé José María , Hermosilla Francisco , González-Mohíno Fernando , Casado Arturo , Pyne David B. 
Published: May 2021

A well-planned periodized approach allows swimmers to achieve peak performance at the major national and international competitions. Purpose: To identify the main characteristics of endurance training for highly trained swimmers described by the training intensity distribution (TID), volume, and periodization models. Methods: The electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using a comprehensive list of relevant terms. Studies that investigated the effect of the periodization of training in swimming, with the training load (volume, TID) and periodization reported, were included in the systematic review. Results: A total of 3487 studies were identified, and after removal of duplicates and elimination of papers based on title and abstract screening, 17 articles remained. A further 8 articles were excluded after full text review, leaving a final total of 9 studies in the systematic review. The evidence levels were 1b for intervention studies (n = 3) and 2b for (observational) retrospective studies (n = 6). The sprint swimmers typically followed a polarized and threshold TID, the middle-distance swimmers followed a threshold and pyramidal TID, and the long-distance swimmers primarily followed a pyramidal TID. The periodization model identified in the majority of studies selected is characterized by wave-like cycles in units like mesocycles to promote physiological adaptations and skill acquisition. Conclusions: Highly trained swimmers follow a training volume and TID based on their primary event. There is a need for further experimental studies on the effects of block and reverse periodization models on swimming performance. Although observational studies of training have limited evidence, it is unclear whether a different training/periodization approach would yield better results.
Developing and Implementing an App-Based Blended Psychological Skills Training: A Case Study
Authors: Stenzel Lukas , Röcken Melissa , Borgmann Simon , Stoll Oliver 
Published: May 2021

The present case study describes the content and implementation of a blended psychological skills training, consisting of an app and workshops, with a group of athletes (N = 44) from a Bundesliga soccer academy in Germany. In a pre–post design, athletes completed different questionnaires at two measurement points. There was a significant increase in concentration and self-efficacy and more frequent recovery after the intervention. However, athletes showed equal competition anxiety levels and more frequent stress after the intervention. The app’s training time was brief (M = 14.36 min,SD = 18.17 min) over 9 weeks and did not moderate the intervention’s effects. A comparison between active users and nonusers indicates that the results found were due to the workshops. The qualitative feedback indicates that motivational functions should be added to a psychological skills training app and time slots should be created in athletes’ demanding schedules to ensure high user engagement.
Recommended dietary practice and associated factors among patients with diabetes at Debre Tabor General Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: institutional-based cross-sectional study design
Authors: Ambaw Marie Libasie , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Teshome Destaw Fetene , Gonete Kedir Abdela 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess dietary practice and associated factors among patients with diabetes attending the Debre Tabor General Hospital.DesignInstitutional-based cross-sectional study.SettingAmhara regional state, Debre Tabor General Hospital.ParticipantsPatients with diabetes attending the diabetics’ clinic.MeasurementsThe study was conducted from February to March 2016. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants and data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Patients’ dietary practice was assessed using the general advice for diabetic plan containing 11 items. The data were entered using Epi Info V.7 and analysed using SPSS V.20. Binary logistic regressions analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor dietary practice. Adjusted ORs (AORs) with corresponding 95% CI and p˂0.05 were used to identify significant factors affecting poor dietary practice.ResultsA total of 390 patients with diabetes were participated in the study making a response rate of 96.5%. The overall proportion of poor dietary practice was 55.4% (95% CI 50.8% to 60.5%). Respondents of rural residence (AOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.28), Not getting diabetic nutrition education (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.44), difficulty to determine what to eat (AOR 5.49, 95% CI 3.34 to 9.02), not having family/friends support (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.46 to 4.27), worried about high cost of foods (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.49) were significantly associated with poor dietary practice.ConclusionsMore than half of patients with diabetes were had poor dietary practice. Rural dwellers, not getting nutrition education, difficulty of choosing foods, not getting family/friends support and worried about high cost of foods were positively and significantly associated with poor dietary practice. Hence, integration of diabetic based nutrition education with motivation particularly for rural patients is highly recommended.
How is television time linked to cardiometabolic health in adults? A critical systematic review of the evidence for an effect of watching television on eating, movement, affect and sleep
Authors: Wagnild Janelle M , Pollard Tessa M 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo improve our understanding of how television (TV) time is linked to cardiometabolic health among adults by systematically and critically evaluating the evidence that watching TV is associated with increased food consumption, lack of movement or negative affect or affects subsequent sleep.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWeb of Science and PubMed.Eligibility criteriaStudies that provided quantitative evidence on short-term associations of watching TV with dietary intake, characteristics of sitting, affect and sleep among samples of healthy adults (≥18 years old).Data extraction and synthesisStudy quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools; studies deemed to be of low quality were excluded from the review. Due to heterogeneity of study designs and measurements, the findings were synthesised using narrative summary accompanied by custom plots.ResultsWe identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the associations reported by the studies included in this review were weak or inconsistent. There was no strong evidence to suggest that food consumption is higher while watching TV than in other contexts or that TV is a particularly ‘sedentary’ behaviour. Affect was less likely to be positive while watching TV than in other contexts but was not more likely to be negative. Two small studies suggest that TV may impact sleep via suppressing melatonin and delaying bedtime.ConclusionThere is currently no strong evidence to suggest that TV might impact cardiometabolic health via increasing food consumption, being linked with prolonged/inactive sitting, affect or subsequent sleep. Additional research is required to understand how TV fits within everyday lives and relates to eating, sitting, affect and sleep to improve our understanding of how it might impact cardiometabolic health.
Postpartum haemorrhage and risk of long-term hypertension and cardiovascular disease: an English population-based longitudinal study using linked primary and secondary care databases
Authors: Parry-Smith William , Šumilo Dana , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Gokhale Krishna , Okoth Kelvin , Gallos Ioannis , Coomarasamy Arri , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among those women who suffered a postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) compared with those women who did not.DesignPopulation-based longitudinal open cohort study.SettingEnglish primary care (The Health Improvement Network (THIN)) and secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)) databases.PopulationWomen exposed to PPH during the study period matched for age and date of delivery, and unexposed.MethodsWe conducted an open cohort study using linked primary care THIN and HES Databases, from 1 January 1997 to 31 January 2018. A total of 42 327 women were included: 14 109 of them exposed to PPH during the study period and 28 218 matched for age and date of delivery, and unexposed to PPH. HRs for cardiovascular outcomes among women who had and did not have PPH were estimated after controlling for covariates using multivariate Cox regression models.Outcome measuresRisk of hypertensive disease, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke or transient ischaemic attack.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of over 4 years, there was no significant difference in the risk of hypertensive disease after adjustment for covariates (adjusted HR (aHR): 1.03 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.22); p=0.71). We also did not observe a statistically significant difference in the risk of composite CVD (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke or transient ischaemic attack) between the exposed and the unexposed cohort (aHR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.52 to 1.43; p=0.57).ConclusionOver a median follow-up of 4 years, we did not observe an association between PPH and hypertension or CVD.
Self-management for patients on ventricular assist device support: a national, multicentre study: protocol for a 3-phase study
Authors: Kugler Christiane , Spielmann Hannah , Seemann Maiken , Lauenroth Volker , Wacker Renata , Albert Wolfgang , Spitz-Koeberich Christine , Semmig-Koenze Sandra , von Cube Maja , Tigges-Limmer Katharina 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionSelf-management (SM) may facilitate patient participation and involvement to become active and knowledgeable partners in the care of complex chronic conditions such as ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy. The ‘SM model for patients on VAD support’ will serve to distinguish between SM components, and will guide the development, implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based curriculum.Methods and analysisThis is a 3-phase, multicentre study. In phase 1, a prevalence study will be performed. Phase 2 aims to develop an evidence-based, interprofessional curriculum for SM support for VAD patients. In phase 3, a non-blinded block-randomised controlled trial (RCT), allocation ratio 1:1, intervention group superiority, with an unblinded multifacetted intervention with assessments before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention, and two follow-up assessments at three (T3), and 12 (T4) months after VAD implantation, will be performed. The curriculum guides the intervention in the RCT. Patient recruitment will consider centre-related volume: power analyses require 384 patients for phase 1, and 142 patients for phase 3.Ethics and disseminationEthical considerations will be continuously taken into account and approved by the institutional review boards. Central ethical review board approval has been obtained by the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg. This study will be performed in concordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the European data protection law. Publications will exclusively report aggregated data and will be distributed in the scientific community, and patient support groups. Report languages will be German and English.Trial registration numbersNCT04234230andNCT04526964; Pre-results.
Improving outcomes for primary school children at risk of cerebral visual impairment (the CVI project): protocol of a feasibility study for a cluster-randomised controlled trial and health economic evaluation
Authors: Williams Cathy , Pease Anna , Goodenough Trudy , Breheny Katie , Gaunt Daisy , Sinai Parisa , Watanabe Rose 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCerebral visual impairment (CVI) refers to a spectrum of brain-related vision problems. CVI is associated with poor educational and mental health outcomes. An intervention has been developed to help children with CVI, involving input from clinicians, teachers and parents. The effectiveness of this intervention needs to be evaluated. This study aims to guide any refinements to the intervention or the design of a future cluster-randomised trial that may be needed.Methods and analysisThis study will include all methods anticipated for a future cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eight primary schools will be recruited and randomised to receive the intervention or carry on with usual practice. The intervention will comprise an information pack for schools and access to a local paediatric ophthalmology clinic (who are prepared to assess them for CVI), for up to 5% of participating children. Outcome assessments will be carried out at baseline (before randomisation) and after 4–5 months of intervention period. Assessments will include children’s self-reported quality of life, their learning ability and behaviour as reported by teachers, and family functioning reported by parents. Cost data will include service use, family expenditure on additional support (eg, private appointments and administration) and school spending and resource used in helping children with special educational needs or disability. A process evaluation (PE) will collect additional data relating to the implementation of the intervention and the trial processes, in the school and clinic settings. The protocol for the PE will be reported separately.Ethics and disseminationEthical permission was obtained from the University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences Ethical Committee. The results will inform the design of a future trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention and will be shared with participants, CVI-support groups and peer-viewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN13762177; Pre-results.
Improving outcomes for primary school children at risk of cerebral visual impairments (the CVI project): study protocol for the process evaluation of a feasibility cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pease Anna , Goodenough Trudy , Sinai Parisa , Breheny Katie , Watanabe Rose , Williams Cathy 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionBrain-related visual impairments, also known as cerebral visual impairment (CVI), are related to damage or poor function in the vision-related areas of the brain. There is broad agreement that CVI is an appropriate term to describe visual impairments that are not accounted by disorders of the eye or optic nerve, but differences remain as to which impairments can be included in this term. The CVI project is a programme of work that includes the development of a complex intervention to share knowledge with teachers, so that they can make both targeted and universal changes to support children with CVI. A feasibility study for a cluster-randomised controlled trial to evaluate this intervention is underway. This paper describes the protocol for an accompanying process evaluation to explore how the intervention is implemented and provide context for the interpretation of the feasibility trial outcomes.Methods and analysisA logic model has been developed to guide data collection. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, the study design and explore how any changes that occur are brought about. Interviews with key primary school staff and parents will investigate responses to the intervention and trial processes. Surveys will collect data on intervention implementation and knowledge of CVI. Photographs of classroom walls will document any changes to visual clutter and document analysis will look for changes to school special educational needs and disability (SEND) policies.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences Ethics Committee. Findings will contribute to the development of a full-scale cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of the intervention with adequate statistical power. The results will also support the refinement of the intervention and its underlying theory.
High frequency ofPIK3CAandTERTpromoter mutations in fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinomas
Authors: Zhong Siyuan , Zhou Shuling , Li Anqi , Lv Hong , Li Ming , Tang Shaoxian , Xu Xiaoli , Shui Ruohong , Yang Wentao 
Published: May 2021

AimsFibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinomas (FLSCCs) are rare metaplastic breast cancers (MBCs) that are characterised by bland spindle cells in a collagenous stroma. Although some MBCs are highly malignant, FLSCCs have indolent behaviour with low potential for lymph node or distant metastasis. Owing to their rarity, there are limited genomic data on FLSCCs. In this study, we analysed the clinicopathological features and molecular characteristics of four FLSCCs to elucidate the pathogenesis of these rare tumours.Methods and resultsFour pure FLSCCs were sequenced by DIAN (Hangzhou Lab) using a 324-gene platform (FoundationOne CDx) with licensed technologies. The results showed that most FLSCCs harboured the pathogenic H1047R mutation inPIK3CA(3/4, 75%) and the −124C>T mutation in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter (3/4, 75%). No copy number variations were observed in any cases in our study.ConclusionsOur study showed thatPIK3CAandTERTpromoter mutations were common genetic features of FLSCCs. These ﬁndings contribute to our understanding of FLSCCs biology.
Ethnicity influences total serum vitamin B12concentration: a study of Black, Asian and White patients in a primary care setting
Authors: O'Logbon Jessica , Crook Martin , Steed David , Harrington Dominic Jon , Sobczyńska-Malefora Agata 
Published: May 2021

AimsA growing body of evidence suggests that ethnicity and race influence vitamin B12metabolism and status yet clinical awareness of this is poor, causing doubts regarding diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, deficiency and insufficiency cut-offs are universally applied for this test in most diagnostic settings. The objective of this study was to assess serum vitamin B12concentrations in Black, Asian and White primary care patients in London, UK, particularly in patients of Black or Black British ethnic origin and establish if there is a need for specific reference ranges.MethodsSerum B12results from 49 414 patients were processed between January 2018 and November 2019 using the Architect assay (Abbott Diagnostics) at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK. Age, sex and ethnicity data were collected from the laboratory Health Informatics Team.ResultsBlack patients (n=13 806) were found to have significantly higher serum vitamin B12concentration across all age groups and both sexes, especially Nigerian patients (median B12505 pmol/L,IQR: 362–727, n=891), compared with Asian and White ethnic groups (p<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the Black or Black British ethnic group had the strongest association with elevated serum B12(>652 pmol/L) (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 3.17 to 3.61, p<0.0001).ConclusionsIt is likely that a combination of genetic and acquired/environmental factors are responsible for the ethnic differences in serum B12. This suggests that there is a need for ethnic-specific reference ranges with indications for the incorporation of age and sex too.
Substance use treatment partially mitigates association between methamphetamine use and STI risk: findings from the NSDUH cohort
Authors: Sherman Jessica P , Dyar Christina , Morgan Ethan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn recent years, both methamphetamine use and STIs have been on the rise in the USA. In this analysis, we sought to ascertain whether the risk of STIs and HIV among methamphetamine users was moderated on the basis of participation in substance use treatment programmes.MethodsData came from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015–2019. Among adult participants, survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between past year methamphetamine use and risk of HIV and STIs, stratified by methamphetamine treatment utilisation and adjusted for demographic and other risk factors.ResultsAmong participants in the analytic sample (n=210 392), 1862 (0.9%) reported past year methamphetamine use, 566 (0.3%) reported receiving treatment for its use, 5471 (2.6%) tested positive for any STI in the past year and 395 (0.2%) for HIV ever in their lifetime. Past year methamphetamine use was associated with increased risk of STIs among those who did not receive treatment (adjusted OR=3.628; 95% CI 2.75 to 4.92). Significant moderation was also present between past-year methamphetamine use, risk of STI, and substance use treatment.ConclusionIn this analysis, we demonstrated a strong relationship between methamphetamine use and risk of STIs that differed based on receipt of substance use treatment. These findings suggested that integrated STI and substance use treatment programmes may yield substantial public health benefits.
Excited lepton triplet contribution to electroweak observables at one loop level
Authors: Rehman M. , Gomez M. E. , Panella O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the one-loop radiative corrections to the electroweak precision observable $$\Delta \rho $$

Δ
ρ

coming from the $$I_W=1$$

I
W

=
1

multiplet excited leptons. We have calculated the couplings of the exotic lepton triplet to the vector bosons and ordinary leptons using the effective Lagrangian approach. These couplings are then used to estimate the excited lepton triplet contribution to the $$\Delta \rho $$

Δ
ρ

parameter. The mass degenerate excited lepton contribution to $$\Delta \rho $$

Δ
ρ

is small and can be neglected. However, if the excited leptons are non-degenerate, their contribution can be large which can result in more stringent constraints on the excited fermion parameter space compared to the constraints from present experimental searches and perturbative unitarity condition.
A massless scalar particle coupled to the Wahlquist metric
Authors: Birkandan T. , Hortaçsu M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the solutions of the wave equation where a massless scalar field is coupled to the Wahlquist metric, a type-D solution. We first take the full metric, and then write simplifications of the metric by taking some of the constants in the metric null. When we do not equate any of the arbitrary constants in the metric to zero, we find the solution is given in terms of the general Heun function, apart from some simple functions multiplying this solution. This is also true, if we equate one of the constants$$Q_0$$Q0or$$a_1$$a1to zero. When both the NUT related constant$$a_1$$a1and$$Q_0$$Q0are zero, the singly confluent Heun function is the solution. When we also equate the constant$$\nu _0$$ν0to zero, we get the double confluent Heun-type solution. In the latter two cases, we have an exponential and two monomials raised to powers multiplying the Heun type function. Thus, we generalize the Batic et al. result for type-D metrics for this metric and show that all variations of the Wahlquist metric give Heun type solutions.