bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese and Indian higher education students go abroad: listening to them to determine what their needs are
Authors: Perez-Encinas Adriana , Rodriguez-Pomeda Jesus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper voices the opinions of international students’ from China and India, and highlights the intentional process of integrating their perceptions of internationalization into a strategic service delivery plan. Data on those perceptions were analysed using a probabilistic model. We clustered 766 international students’ opinions into categories that enabled us to determine the main ideas that constituted their perceptions. The findings enabled us to draw comparisons between two major sending countries and to formulate a series of recommendations for stakeholders in higher education institutions that receive Chinese and Indian students, as well as for policymakers. Primary differences relate to factors such as learning and internship opportunities for Chinese students and service provision for Indian ones. In conclusion, this study offers the next step in the analysis of Chinese and Indian international students’ needs providing with an innovative way of determining students concerns with a view to empowering them within the internationalization process of higher education institutions.
A genome-wide expression profile of noncoding RNAs in human osteosarcoma cells as they acquire resistance to cisplatin
Authors: Sharma Harshita , Niveditha Divya , Chowdhury Rajdeep , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Chowdhury Shibasish 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Recurrence after cisplatin therapy is one of the major hindrances in the management of cancer. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the molecular signatures marking the acquisition of resistance. We therefore modeled the response of osteosarcoma (OS) cells to the first-line chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. A small population of nondividing cells survived acute cisplatin shock (persisters; OS-P). These cells regained proliferative potential over time re-instating the population again (extended persisters; OS-EP).

Result
In this study, we present the expression profile of noncoding RNAs in untreated OS cells (chemo-naive), OS-P, OS-EP and drug-resistant (OS-R) cells derived from the latter. RNA sequencing was carried out, and thereafter, differential expression (log2-fold ± 1.5; p value ≤ 0.05) of microRNAs (miRNAs) was analyzed in each set. The core set of miRNAs that were uniquely or differentially expressed in each group was identified. Interestingly, we observed that most of each group had their own distinctive set of miRNAs. The miRNAs showing an inverse correlation in expression pattern with mRNAs were further selected, and the key pathways regulated by them were delineated for each group. We observed that pathways such as TNF signaling, autophagy and mitophagy were implicated in multiple groups.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides critical information on the variation in the expression pattern of ncRNAs in osteosarcoma cells and the pathways that they might tightly regulate as cells acquire resistance.
Research on Material and Morphological Structure of Venus Flytrap Trigger Hair
Authors: Wang Qian , Xu Kun , Fan Cheng , Sun Lining , Zhang Lei , Wang Kejun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVenus flytrap can sense the very small insects that touch its tactile receptors, known as trigger hairs, and thus capture prey to maintain its nutrient demand. However, there are few studies on the trigger hair and its morphological structure and material properties are not fully understood. In this study, the trigger hair is systematically characterized with the help of different instruments. Results show that trigger hair is a special cantilever beam structure and it has a large longitudinal diameter ratio. Besides, it is composed of a hair lever and a basal podium, and there is a notch near the hair base. The cross-section of the trigger hair is approximately a honeycomb structure, which is composed of many holes. Methods to measure mechanical properties of trigger hair are introduced in this paper. Based on the mechanical tests, trigger hair proved to be a variable stiffness structure and shows a high sensitivity to the external force. These features can provide supports for the understanding of the high-sensitivity sensing mechanism of trigger hairs from the perspective of structure and material, and offer inspirations for the development of high-performance tactile sensors.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Training of Health-Care Workers and Preparedness of Hospital Emergency Departments for the Threat of Communicable Diseases at Mass Gathering Events in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Romaihi Hamad , Al-Dahshan Ayman , Kehyayan Vahe , Shawky Sherine , Al-Masri Hana , Mahadoon Lylu , Farag Elmoubasher , Frazier Tim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and training of health-care workers (HCW), and their perception of the preparedness of hospitals for communicable disease (CD) threats during mass gathering (MG) events.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2019, of doctors and registered nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs) of 5 main hospitals in Qatar. A self-administered online survey was used for data collection.

Results:
The overall mean knowledge score about CD threat among study participants was 75.0% (SD ± 18.1). The majority of the participants had a favorable attitude toward CD preparedness during MG events. The participants achieved high scores in attending workshops on triaging, first aid, and infection control. Study participants as well had favorable perceptions about the current preparedness of their respective hospitals to respond to CD outbreaks in MG events.

Conclusions:
The participants were knowledgeable about the risk of CD outbreaks during MG events (eg, Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) World Cup games 2022) and had a favorable attitude and necessary training to respond to such outbreaks. Regular practice drills are necessary to ensure that all members of the workforce are knowledgeable of the necessary actions to take in emergent high-risk situations.
Altered dietary ratio of folic acid and vitamin B12 during pregnancy influences the expression of imprinted H19/IGF2 locus in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Mahajan Aatish , Sapehia Divika , Rahat Beenish , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaternal folic acid and vitamin B12 (B12) status during pregnancy influence fetal growth. This study elucidated the effect of altered dietary ratio of folic acid and B12 on the regulation of H19/IGF2 locus in C57BL/6 mice. Female mice were fed diets with nine combinations of folic acid and B12 for 4 weeks. They were mated and the offspring born (F1) were continued on the same diet for 6 weeks post-weaning and were allowed to mate. The placenta and fetal (F2) tissues were collected at day 20 of gestation. H19 overexpression observed under dietary deficiency of folate combined with normal B12 (B12 normal folic acid-deficient, BNFD) was associated with an increased expression of microRNA-675 (miR-675) in maternal and fetal tissues. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression was decreased under folic acid-deficient conditions combined with normal, deficient or over-supplemented state of B12 (BNFD, BDFD and BOFD) in fetal tissues along with B12 deficiency combined with normal folic acid (BDFN) in the placenta. The altered expression of imprinted genes under folic acid-deficient conditions was related to decreased serum levels of folate and body weight (F1). Hypermethylation observed at the H19 differentially methylated region (DMR) (in BNFD) might be responsible for the decreased expression of IGF2 in female fetal tissues. IGF2 DMR2 was found to be hypomethylated and associated with low serum B12 levels with B12 deficiency in fetal tissues. Results suggest that the altered dietary ratio of folic acid and B12 affects the in utero development of the fetus in association with altered epigenetic regulation of H19/IGF2 locus.
Dairy intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Eshak Ehab Salah , Dong Jia-Yi , Shirai Kokoro , Muraki Isao , Iso Hiroyasu , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   the JACC Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractDairy product intake was suggested to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal cancers. This study investigated the association between dairy product intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer (PAC) using a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. First, we included 59 774 people aged 40–79 years from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The Cox regression was used to compute the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI of incident PAC for individuals who reported the highest intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt compared with not consuming the corresponding dairy products. Then, we combined our results with those from other four prospective cohort studies that were eligible after searching several databases, in a meta-analysis, using the fixed-effects model before evaluating publication bias and heterogeneity across studies. In the JACC Study, the highest v. no intakes of milk, cheese and yogurt were not associated with the reduced risk of PAC after a median follow-up of 13·4 years: HR (95 % CI) = 0·93 (0·64, 1·33), 0·91 (0·51, 1·62) and 0·68 (0·38, 1·21), respectively. The results did not significantly change in the meta-analysis: 0·95 (0·82, 1·11) for milk, 1·16 (0·87, 1·55) for cheese and 0·91 (0·79, 1·05) for yogurt. The meta-analysis showed no signs of publication bias or heterogeneity across studies. To conclude, consumption of milk, cheese and yogurt was not associated with the risk of PAC either in the JACC Study or the meta-analysis.
Freeport and the States: Politics of Corporations and Contemporary Colonialism in West Papua
Authors: Kusumaryati Veronika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorporations often claim to be economic actors solely interested in capital accumulation. However, historical and anthropological scholarship has argued they have had outsized political roles, especially during high colonialism when transnational corporations such as the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company shaped colonial entities. This article explores the case of American mining company Freeport-McMoRan, which runs the world’s largest gold and copper mine in West Papua, and its entanglement with contemporary imperial and colonial projects in the region. Through the study of the company’s decisive role in the transfer of West Papua from the Dutch to Indonesia during the decolonization period of the 1960s, and in the formation of the postcolonial Indonesian state characterized by its militaristic and capitalistic stances, this article argues that Freeport’s operation in West Papua has been central to shaping U.S. imperial policy in Southeast Asia. The company’s relationship with the U.S. government and its contract of work with the Indonesian government reproduce an older form of state-corporation partnership called a charter, which grants a corporate body privileges associated with exploration, trade, and colonization. Combining a historical study of the political role of corporations across time and an ethnographic study of Freeport’s operation, this article rethinks the anthropological and historical study of transnational corporations and their roles in the contemporary politics of colonialism.
An efficient drain-lag model for microwave GaN HEMTs based on ASM-HEMT
Authors: Beleniotis Petros , Schnieder Frank , Krause Sascha , Haque Sanaul , Rudolph Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge-signal modeling of Gallium Nitride (GaN) based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) demands a proper description of trapping effects. In this paper, a new, simplified yet accurate drain-lag description is proposed, enhancing the simulation accuracy and the extraction flow of the physics-based compact model ASM-HEMT. The present study investigates the impact of drain lag on specific physical phenomena, focusing on the relation between trap states, surface-potential calculations, and electron transport properties. It is supplemented with a revised extraction procedure, minimizing the required measurements, thereby the undesired consequences of several passes on the same device, using pulsed I-V and pulsed S-parameters only, and approaches for efficient and accurate simulation results. We show that the proposed trap model is a determinative tool for simulating both small and large-signal behavior predicting precisely S-parameters and load-pull performance.
Using the Complementary Relationship Between Actual and Potential Evaporation to Diagnose the Onset of Heatwaves
Authors: Aminzadeh Milad , Roderick Michael L. , Or Dani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProlonged periods of extremely high temperatures with lack of precipitation mark heatwaves that pose health risks and damage ecosystems via rapid soil water depletion and reduced evaporative cooling. Identifying the conditions for the onset of heatwaves and their effects on land‐atmosphere energy and mass fluxes remains a challenge. We propose using the generalized complementary relationship (CR) to estimate actual evaporation from heterogeneous landscapes overlain by different vegetation types (i.e., grasslands and forests) and quantify responses to radiation and air temperature anomalies. A strong correlation between air temperature and sensible heat flux anomalies deduced from FLUXNET data suggests that abrupt exceedances of sensible heat flux above climatological means are indicators for the onset of heatwaves. We capitalize on the coupling between latent and sensible heat fluxes and their links to soil moisture availability within the CR framework to predict anomalous increases in regional sensible heat flux associated with soil water depletion (low precipitation) and extreme evaporative demand (hot air and high radiation). The systematic and energy‐constrained framework based on the CR concept provides insights into the triggering and feedbacks associated with heatwaves and hydro‐climatic extremes such as regional droughts.
On the Evolution and Fate of Sediment Diapirs in Subduction Zones
Authors: Klein Benjamin Z. , Behn Mark D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt subduction zones, significant volumes of sediments and other crustal material are carried on top of the downgoing plate past the trench and into the mantle. This represents the dominant process by which material from the Earth's surface is recycled to the interior. However, the fate of these recycled materials is uncertain. Subducted material may be carried with the slab into the deep mantle, or it may form diapirs that ascend into the hotter portions of the mantle wedge, where they can melt and/or be relaminated to the base of the arc crust. While this material can be a mixture (or “mélange”) of sediments, oceanic crust and mantle rocks, here we focus on the dynamics of the uppermost layer of sediments on the downgoing slab. We modified a thermodynamic model to accurately predict the equilibrium mineral assemblage, melting behavior, and density of a range of subducted sediment compositions at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to subduction zones. Using this thermodynamic model, we constructed a coupled dynamic model of sediment diapirs and identified the primary parameters that control diapir behavior: sediment thickness and composition, and the thermal state of the subduction zone. Relamination of ascending diapirs is favored by greater sediment thicknesses, more felsic compositions, and warmer thermal conditions. By contrast, diapirism is suppressed in colder arcs, or where subducted sediment layers are thin or more mafic. Applying this model to modern subduction zones suggests that multiple processes are active today, with relamination occurring in a significant subset of modern arcs.
Frequency‐Dependent Responses of Plasmaspheric Hiss to the Impact of an Interplanetary Shock
Authors: Fu Haobo , Yue Chao , Ma Qianli , Kang Ning , Bortnik Jacob , Zong Qiu‐gang , Zhou Xu‐zhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss waves are essential for the pitch‐angle scattering and precipitation of energetic electrons and interplanetary shocks may affect these waves. We present a case study on the responses of plasmaspheric hiss after an interplanetary shock arrival on September 7, 2017. Based on the observation by RBSP‐B, the plasmaspheric hiss in different frequency ranges shows three different responses simultaneously: hiss waves with frequency below 0.08fce are weakened, waves within 0.08–0.18fce are weakened in magnetic power and modulated by the ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves in the electric power, while waves above 0.18fce are intensified in magnetic power and modulated by the ULF waves. Further analysis suggests that the hiss waves have different sources: low‐frequency (<∼0.18fce) hiss waves are transmitted from chorus outside the plasmasphere, while high‐frequency (>∼0.18fce) hiss waves are locally amplified. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the frequency‐dependent hiss wave behavior after the impact of interplanetary shocks.
Direct Comparison of the Tsunami‐Generated Magnetic Field With Sea Level Change for the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile Tsunamis
Authors: Lin Zhiheng , Toh Hiroaki , Minami Takuto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe motion of conductive seawater by tsunamis can generate magnetic fields in the presence of the background geomagnetic main field. Previous studies found that, using the tsunami‐generated seafloor magnetic field, it is possible to predict the propagation direction and wave height prior to the actual arrivals of tsunamis. This study correlates the tsunami magnetic field and the tsunami sea level change using observed data and three‐dimensional simulations of the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile tsunamis. Our direct comparison of the tsunami observed magnetic field and tsunami sea level change illustrate that the vertical tsunami magnetic component, , arrived earlier than the sea level change. The “initial rise” signal in the observed horizontal tsunami magnetic component, , which was arrived even earlier than also is found by combing the observation with the three‐dimensional simulations. We further examine the precision of conversion of the tsunami magnetic field to the sea level change and find that the magnetic field derived tsunami sea levels are as precise as those obtained from differential pressure gauge data. However, our simulation shows that existing tsunami source models are incompatible with our tsunami magnetic data. Therefore, it is necessary to include magnetic field derived tsunami sea level changes to improve those source models.
Radiative Effects of Increased Water Vapor in the Upper Saharan Air Layer Associated With Enhanced Dustiness
Authors: Ryder C. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is known as an elevated, well‐mixed, warm, dry, frequently dusty layer and plays an important role in regional climate and dust transport. A new analysis of aircraft observations of haboob‐driven dust events shows that although increased dustiness in the SAL is associated with drier conditions in the lower‐SAL as expected, dustiness is also associated with increased moisture in the upper‐SAL, likely originating from cold pool outflows driving the dust uplift. We assess the radiative effects of the observed dust and increased water vapor (WV). The observed WV in the upper‐SAL affects the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) direct radiative effect (DRE), while lower‐SAL WV affects the surface DRE and column atmospheric heating. TOA DRE is negative for dust only, while including both the observed dust and WV reduces the magnitude of the negative TOA DRE by 17% (3.0 ± 0.8 Wm−2) when AOD > 0.6. The observed WV structure increases the magnitude of the negative surface DRE from dust by 8% (5.1 ± 0.8 Wm−2) and increases atmospheric heating by 17% (8.0 ± 0.6 Wm−2). These effects are driven by longwave (LW) radiation, whereby WV changes increase the positive TOA LW DRE, decrease the surface LW DRE and change the sign of LW atmospheric heating from negative to positive. WV leads to enhanced cooling in the moist upper‐SAL and heating in the dry lower‐SAL under dustier conditions. Increased WV in the SAL is consistent with other studies demonstrating increasing Saharan WV. This study demonstrates the importance of upper‐SAL WV in determining the radiative effect of dust.
Using Solar Wind Helium to Probe the Structure and Seasonal Variability of the Martian Hydrogen Corona
Authors: Halekas Jasper S. , McFadden James P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe utilize measurements from instruments on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission to investigate singly ionized helium formed by charge exchange between solar wind alpha particles and neutral hydrogen in the region upstream from Mars. We show that the observed helium ion signal varies with solar wind speed and spatial location in a manner consistent with expectations for a charge exchange source. We find that the ratio of singly to doubly ionized helium varies with Martian season, with a peak in the southern summer season. The inferred neutral hydrogen column density and the seasonal variation thereof agree with the results of previous studies based on other measurement techniques. The MAVEN helium ion measurements provide a new method of probing the hydrogen corona, with nearly continuous coverage of the Martian seasonal cycle across the entire mission, enabling study of the interannual variability of the Martian exosphere.
Augmenting MNK1/2 activation by c-FMS proteolysis promotes osteoclastogenesis and arthritic bone erosion
Authors: Mun Se Hwan , Bae Seyeon , Zeng Steven , Oh Brian , Chai Carmen , Kim Matthew Jundong , Kim Haemin , Kalliolias George , Dahia Chitra Lekha , Oh Younseo , Kim Tae-Hwan , Ji Jong Dae , Park-Min Kyung-Hyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that play an essential role in homeostatic bone remodeling and pathological bone erosion. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is abundant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the role of M-CSF in arthritic bone erosion is not completely understood. Here, we show that M-CSF can promote osteoclastogenesis by triggering the proteolysis of c-FMS, a receptor for M-CSF, leading to the generation of FMS intracellular domain (FICD) fragments. Increased levels of FICD fragments positively regulated osteoclastogenesis but had no effect on inflammatory responses. Moreover, myeloid cell-specific FICD expression in mice resulted in significantly increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in an inflammatory arthritis model. The FICD formed a complex with DAP5, and the FICD/DAP5 axis promoted osteoclast differentiation by activating the MNK1/2/EIF4E pathway and enhancing NFATc1 protein expression. Moreover, targeting the MNK1/2 pathway diminished arthritic bone erosion. These results identified a novel role of c-FMS proteolysis in osteoclastogenesis and the pathogenesis of arthritic bone erosion.