bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Weight Loss Outcomes and Engagement in a Mobile Behavioral Change Intervention: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Carey Alissa , Yang Qiuchen , DeLuca Laura , Toro-Ramos Tatiana , Kim Youngin , Michaelides Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Background
There is large variance in weight loss outcomes of digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs). It has been suggested that different patterns of engagement in the program could be responsible for this variance in outcomes. Previous studies have found that the amount of engagement on DBCIs, such as the number of meals logged or articles read, is positively associated with weight loss.

Objective
This retrospective study extends previous research by observing how important weight loss outcomes (high weight loss: 10% or greater body weight loss; moderate weight loss: between 5% to 10%; stable weight: 0 plus or minus 1%) are associated with engagement on a publicly available mobile DBCI (Noom) from 9 to 52 weeks.

Methods
Engagement and weight data for eligible participants (N=11,252) were extracted from the Noom database. Engagement measures included the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week. Weight was self-reported on the program. Multiple linear regressions examined how weight loss outcome (moderate and high vs stable) was associated with each engagement measure across 3 study time periods: 9-16 weeks, 17-32 weeks, and 33-52 weeks.

Results
At 9-16 weeks, among the 11,252 participants, 2594 (23.05%) had stable weight, 6440 (57.23%) had moderate weight loss, and 2218 (19.71%) had high weight loss. By 33-52 weeks, 525 (18.21%) had stable weight, 1214 (42.11%) had moderate weight loss, and 1144 (39.68%) had high weight loss. Regression results showed that moderate weight loss and high weight loss outcomes were associated with all engagement measures to a significantly greater degree than was stable weight (all P values <.001). These differences held across all time periods with the exception of exercise for the moderate weight loss category at 1 time period of 33-52 weeks. Exercise logging increased from 9 to 52 weeks regardless of the weight loss group.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that these clinically important weight loss outcomes are related to the number of articles read, meals logged, steps recorded, messages to coach, exercise logged, weigh-ins, and days with 1 meal logged per week both in the short-term and long-term (ie, 1 year) on Noom. This provides valuable data on engagement patterns over time on a self-directed mobile DBCI, can help inform how interventions tailor recommendations for engagement depending on how much weight individuals have lost, and raises important questions for future research on engagement in DBCIs.
Usability Evaluation of an Offline Electronic Data Capture App in a Prospective Multicenter Dementia Registry (digiDEM Bayern): Mixed Method Study
Authors: Reichold Michael , Heß Miriam , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter , Gräßel Elmar , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

Background
Digital registries have been shown to provide an efficient way of gaining a better understanding of the clinical complexity and long-term progression of diseases. The paperless method of electronic data capture (EDC) during a patient interview saves both time and resources. In the prospective multicenter project “Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria (digiDEM Bayern),” interviews are also performed on site in rural areas with unreliable internet connectivity. It must be ensured that EDC can still be performed in such a context and that there is no need to fall back on paper-based questionnaires. In addition to a web-based data collection solution, the EDC system REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) offers the option to collect data offline via an app and to synchronize it afterward.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of the REDCap app as an offline EDC option for a lay user group and to examine the necessary technology acceptance of using mobile devices for data collection. The feasibility of the app-based offline data collection in the digiDEM Bayern dementia registry project was then evaluated before going live.

Methods
An exploratory mixed method design was employed in the form of an on-site usability test with the “Thinking Aloud” method combined with an online questionnaire including the System Usability Scale (SUS). The acceptance of mobile devices for data collection was surveyed based on five categories of the technology acceptance model.

Results
Using the “Thinking Aloud” method, usability issues were identified and solutions were accordingly derived. Evaluation of the REDCap app resulted in a SUS score of 74, which represents “good” usability. After evaluating the technology acceptance questionnaire, it can be concluded that the lay user group is open to mobile devices as interview tools.

Conclusions
The usability evaluation results show that a lay user group generally agree that data collecting partners in the digiDEM project can handle the REDCap app well. The usability evaluation provided statements about positive aspects and could also identify usability issues relating to the REDCap app. In addition, the current technology acceptance in the sample showed that heterogeneous groups of different ages with diverse experiences in handling mobile devices are also ready for the use of app-based EDC systems. Based on these results, it can be assumed that the offline use of an app-based EDC system on mobile devices is a viable solution for collecting data in a decentralized registry–based research project.
Harnessing the Electronic Health Record and Computerized Provider Order Entry Data for Resource Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Decision Tree
Authors: Luu Hung S , Filkins Laura M , Park Jason Y , Rakheja Dinesh , Tweed Jefferson , Menzies Christopher , Wang Vincent J , Mittal Vineeta , Lehmann Christoph U , Sebert Michael E 
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in shortages of diagnostic tests, personal protective equipment, hospital beds, and other critical resources.

Objective
We sought to improve the management of scarce resources by leveraging electronic health record (EHR) functionality, computerized provider order entry, clinical decision support (CDS), and data analytics.

Methods
Due to the complex eligibility criteria for COVID-19 tests and the EHR implementation–related challenges of ordering these tests, care providers have faced obstacles in selecting the appropriate test modality. As test choice is dependent upon specific patient criteria, we built a decision tree within the EHR to automate the test selection process by using a branching series of questions that linked clinical criteria to the appropriate SARS-CoV-2 test and triggered an EHR flag for patients who met our institutional persons under investigation criteria.

Results
The percentage of tests that had to be canceled and reordered due to errors in selecting the correct testing modality was 3.8% (23/608) before CDS implementation and 1% (262/26,643) after CDS implementation (P<.001). Patients for whom multiple tests were ordered during a 24-hour period accounted for 0.8% (5/608) and 0.3% (76/26,643) of pre- and post-CDS implementation orders, respectively (P=.03). Nasopharyngeal molecular assay results were positive in 3.4% (826/24,170) of patients who were classified as asymptomatic and 10.9% (1421/13,074) of symptomatic patients (P<.001). Positive tests were more frequent among asymptomatic patients with a history of exposure to COVID-19 (36/283, 12.7%) than among asymptomatic patients without such a history (790/23,887, 3.3%; P<.001).

Conclusions
The leveraging of EHRs and our CDS algorithm resulted in a decreased incidence of order entry errors and the appropriate flagging of persons under investigation. These interventions optimized reagent and personal protective equipment usage. Data regarding symptoms and COVID-19 exposure status that were collected by using the decision tree correlated with the likelihood of positive test results, suggesting that clinicians appropriately used the questions in the decision tree algorithm.
Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Prediction for Eyelid Measurements: Algorithm Development and Observational Validation Study
Authors: Chen Hung-Chang , Tzeng Shin-Shi , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Chen Ruei-Feng , Hung Erh-Chien , Lee Oscar K 
Published: September 2021

Background
Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1), margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2), and levator muscle function (LF) are crucial metrics for ptosis evaluation and management. However, manual measurements of MRD1, MRD2, and LF are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to human error. Smartphone-based artificial intelligence (AI) image processing is a potential solution to overcome these limitations.

Objective
We propose the first smartphone-based AI-assisted image processing algorithm for MRD1, MRD2, and LF measurements.

Methods
This observational study included 822 eyes of 411 volunteers aged over 18 years from August 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Six orbital photographs (bilateral primary gaze, up-gaze, and down-gaze) were taken using a smartphone (iPhone 11 Pro Max). The gold-standard measurements and normalized eye photographs were obtained from these orbital photographs and compiled using AI-assisted software to create MRD1, MRD2, and LF models.

Results
The Pearson correlation coefficients between the gold-standard measurements and the predicted values obtained with the MRD1 and MRD2 models were excellent (r=0.91 and 0.88, respectively) and that obtained with the LF model was good (r=0.73). The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated excellent agreement between the gold-standard measurements and the values predicted by the MRD1 and MRD2 models (0.90 and 0.84, respectively), and substantial agreement with the LF model (0.69). The mean absolute errors were 0.35 mm, 0.37 mm, and 1.06 mm for the MRD1, MRD2, and LF models, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement were –0.94 to 0.94 mm for the MRD1 model, –0.92 to 1.03 mm for the MRD2 model, and –0.63 to 2.53 mm for the LF model.

Conclusions
We developed the first smartphone-based AI-assisted image processing algorithm for eyelid measurements. MRD1, MRD2, and LF measures can be taken in a quick, objective, and convenient manner. Furthermore, by using a smartphone, the examiner can check these measurements anywhere and at any time, which facilitates data collection.
The Significance of Alliance Networks in Research and Development of Digital Health Products for Diabetes: Observational Study
Authors: Kikuchi Satoru , Kodama Kota , Sengoku Shintaro 
Published: September 2021

Background
Digital health has been advancing owing to technological progress by means of smart devices and artificial intelligence, among other developments. In the field of diabetes especially, there are many active use cases of digital technology supporting the treatment of diabetes and improving lifestyle. In the innovation ecosystem, new alliance networks are formed not only by medical device companies and pharmaceutical companies, but also by information and communications technology companies and start-ups. While understanding and utilizing the network structure is important to increase the competitive advantage of companies, there is a lack of previous research describing the structure of alliance networks and the factors that lead to their formation in digital health.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the significance of alliance networks, focusing on digital health for diabetes, in effectively implementing processes, from the research and development of products or services to their launch and market penetration.

Methods
First, we listed the companies and contracts related to digital health for diabetes, visualized the change in the number of companies and the connections between companies in each industry, and analyzed the overview of the network. Second, we calculated the degree, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality of each company in each year. Next, we analyzed the relationship between network centrality and market competitiveness by using annual sales as a parameter of company competitiveness. We also compared the network centrality of each company by industry or headquarters location (or both) and analyzed the characteristics of companies with higher centrality. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between network centrality and the number of products certified or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Results
We found the degree centrality of companies was correlated with an increase in their sales. The betweenness and eigenvector centralities of medical devices companies located in the United States were significantly higher than those outside the United States (P=.04 and .005, respectively). Finally, the degree, betweenness, and eigenvector centralities were correlated with an increase in the number of Class III, but not of Class I nor II, medical device products.

Conclusions
These findings give rise to new insights into industry ecosystem for digital health and its requirement and expect a contribution to research and development practices in the field of digital health.
Analisis Perubahan Konsumsi E-commerce Di Indonesia Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Faizah Siti Nur , Prakoso Jalu Aji 
Published: September 2021

Writing this study aims to determine increased access to e-commerce, increased spending in online shopping on e-commerce sites, and effect variable trust, ease, hedonic motivation, price, promotion, shopping experience, and product quality on consumer behavior in online shopping during pandemic Covid-19. The data used are primary data be in the form of a questionnaire with sampling technique random sampling—Metode of analysis data in this study their descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The analysis result shows increasing access to e-commerce sites during pandemic Covid-19 and increasing spending in online shopping through e-commerce sites during pandemic Covid-19. Analysis result of multiple linear regression shows that variable ease, price, promotion, shopping experience, and product quality significantly affect consumer behavior during the pandemic Covid-19. At the same time, trust and hedonic motivation does not have a significant effect. E-commerce continues to develop features to make it easier for consumers and ensure transaction security. That considerable effect on consumer behavior during the pandemic Covid-19 and product quality variable significantly affect consumer behavior during the pandemic Covid-19. Results of the analysis can be concluded that during pandemic Covid-19, there is increasing access to e-commerce sites and increasing spending in online shopping through e-commerce sites.
ASPEK HUKUM TERHADAP TRANSAKSI PINJAMAN ONLINE
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Online loans are currently being discussed a lot, especially regarding the legality underlying. Where there is no clarity regarding the transaction mechanism and the legal consequences of the achievements made by both parties, and also not a few who end it through criminal law. In this regard, the authors would like to emphasize several legal aspects of this online loan transaction by conducting a normative-empirical legal analysis, using several approaches, including the approach to related laws and regulations, a case study approach related to online loan cases and a comparative approach or comparison to compare loan transactions made online and loan transactions made offline. Because the transaction mechanism is carried out online, this agreement cannot be separated from the principles adopted in civil law as well as the conditions for the validity of an agreement, so that even though online loan transactions are carried out online, they must be subject to applicable laws and regulations. and carry out the process of validating data and information for each party so that in the event of a default by one of the parties it can be resolved without harming one of the parties in the transaction.
Abstrak
Pinjaman Online saat ini sedang banyak diperbincangan terutama mengenai payung hukum yang mendasarinya. Dimana belum ada kejelasan terkait bagaimana mekanisme transaksinya serta bagaimana akibat hukum dari prestasi yang dilakukan oleh kedua belah pihak, dan pula tidak sedikit yang mengakhirinya melalui jalur hukum pidana. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka penulis ingin menegaskan beberapa aspek hukum terhadap transaksi pinjaman online ini dengan melakukan analisis secara hukum normatif-empiris, dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan, antara lain pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, pendekatan studi kasus yang berkaitan dengan kasus pinjaman online dan pendekatan komparasi atau perbandingan untuk membandingkan transaksi pinjaman yang dilakukan secara online dan transaksi pinjaman yang dilakukan secara offline. Oleh karena mekanisme transaksi yang dijalankan secara online, maka perjanjian ini tidak terlepas dari prinsip-prinsip yang dianut dalam hukum keperdataan serta yang menjadi syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian, sehingga transaksi pinjaman online tersebut sekalipun dilakukan secara online, namun harus tunduk pada perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta melakukan proses validasi data dan informasi masing-masing pihak sehingga ketika terjadi wanprestasi oleh salah satu pihak dapat diselesaikan tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak dalam transaksi tersebut.
Twinkling artifact in differential diagnosis of mammary calcinates
Authors: Gromov A. I. , Komin Yu. A. , Mozerov S. A. , Krasnickaya S. K. 
Published: September 2021

Research goal: evaluation of the possibility of using an ultrasound twinkling artifact in the detection of breast calcifications as a diagnostic criterion for breast cancer.Material and methods. A targeted ultrasound study using color Doppler mapping was performed to determine the presence of a twinkling artifact in 112 patients who had calcifications detected during X-ray mammography.Results. According to the ultrasound examination, the twinkling artifact was registered only in 10 of the 112 women examined. A pronounced twinkling artifact was registered in 3 patients, the calcifications were single, mainly lobular, with a size of more than 1 mm. In 5 cases, the flicker artifact was determined to be of moderate severity, and the distribution pattern was also dominated by single ones, more than 1 mm. Two patients with grouped calcinates had a weakly expressed twinkling artifact, their dimensions were also more than 1 mm.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the Doppler twinkling artifact in the mammary glands occurs only in macrocalcinates (larger than 1 mm) and, mainly, single ones. Modern ultrasound devices do not allow registering a twinkling artifact in calcinates smaller than 1 mm, which indicates that it is impossible to use Doppler color coding to detect microcalcinates as a predictor of breast cancer.
New radiation techniques in controlling bone regeneration in fractures
Authors: Tukhbatullin M. G. , Kormilina A. R. , Pasynkov D. V. , Kurotchkin S. V. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: comparative study of the possibilities of radiation methods in control of bone regeneration in fractures.Materials and methods. A study of bone calluse formation was conducted in 116 patients with broken tubular bones of the upper and lower limbs from the first day of the fracture to the complete consolidation of the fractures. In X-rays and CT determined the mineral density of bone calluses, with ultrasonic elastography shear wave and compression elastography determined the rigidity of bone calluses in kPa.Results. X-ray bone corn was determined at the end of the second – the beginning of the third stage of bone calluse formation. On CT bone corn density (in the HU), its structure and the condition of bone breaks were determined in some patients in all stages of bone regenerate formation. In ultrasound examination in the multiparametric mode studied the rigidity, structure and vascularization of bone calluses, the correct comparison of bone breaks from the first day of the fracture to their complete fusion.Conclusions. Ultrasonic studies in multiparametric mode can be used to control bone regeneration in fractures. Ultrasonic elastography shear wave, in determining the rigidity of bone calluse, in sensitivity and specificity exceeds the indicators of ultrasonic compression elastography at all stages of bone regenerate formation.
Experience with a mobile CT scanner as part of an airmobile hospital of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia in the field conditions of the Far North to combat the outbreak of a new coronavirus infection
Authors: Aleksanin S. S. , Krotova O. A. , Rybnikov V. Yu. , Nesterenko N. V. , Garbar N. M. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Large-scale construction of industrial and transport facilities is underway in the Far North of Russia. The process involves more than 10,000 shift workers, and there was a Covid19 outbreak in this population. In order to contain the outbreak and prevent the spread of infection in this area the Russian Emergencies Ministry deployed an airmobile hospital.Purpose. The purpose is to present an experience of work with the mobile CT scanner as part of an airmobile field hospital deployed in the Far North of Russia to combat the Covid-19 outbreak.Materials and methods. On April 6, 2020, the construction site reported a “zero patient” who sought medical aid; the PCR test showed positive results of coronavirus. In the first half of April, over 300 rotation employees applied for medical care, most of them had a positive PCR test. On April 11, a state of emergency was declared in the construction site and, on April 17, 2020, airmobile hospital started operations. Its mission lasted 54 days. The mobile CT scanner (Brightspeed Elite Mobile, GE) was transported by land. The field hospital closely cooperated with the nearest medical institutions and the regional clinical hospital.Results. During its work the airmobile hospital examined 1,678 rotational workers and 408 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Murmansk region, with 2,086 CT scans performed. The average age of the patients was 37.8 years, men predominated. In 91.2% of patients, fever was the first symptom of the disease. Blood saturation results ranged from 92% to 99%. The degree of lung involvement ranged from CT 0 to CT 4. During the work of the airmobile hospital, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 500 people, including 328 cases of mild form, 98 – moderate, 74 – severe, no mortalities.Conclusion. A positive experience of application of the mobile CT scanner as part of the AMH field hospital in unfavorable epidemiological conditions of the Far North of the Russian Federation was obtained. CT plays a key role in early detection of infection, differential diagnosis, and identification of complications. Determination of the severity of the disease based on CT data is crucial for patient routing.