bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Big Five personality traits and regularity of lifetime dental visit attendance: evidence of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: Aarabi Ghazal , Walther Carolin , Bunte Kübra , Spinler Kristin , Buczak-Stec Elzbieta , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Regular dental visits are essential for the prevention, early detection and treatment of worldwide highly prevalent oral diseases. Personality traits were previously associated with treatment compliance, medication adherence and regular doctor visits, however, the link between personality traits and regular dental visit attendance remains largely unexplored. Thus, the objective of this study is to clarify this link.

Methods
Data (wave 7) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used, focusing on Germany (n = 2822). Personality was assessed using the 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). Regular dental visits were assessed. Multiple logistic regressions were used, adjusting for various covariates.

Results
Majority of the participants (84%) reported to attend regular dental visits during lifetime. Regularity of lifetime dental visit attendance was positively and significantly associated with increased extraversion [OR 1.13, 95% CI (1.01–1.26)], increased conscientiousness [OR 1.26, 95% CI (1.10–1.44)], and increased openness to experience [OR 1.12, 95% CI (1.01–1.26)]. However, there was a lack of association with agreeableness and neuroticism. Moreover, the outcome measure was positively associated with younger age, being female, born in Germany, being married, higher education, being retired (compared to being homemaker), whereas it was not associated with obesity or chronic diseases.

Conclusions
Identification of personality traits that are associated with regular dental visits can support prevention, screening and clinical management of oral diseases. Further research in this field may facilitate the development and increase the incorporation of individualized concepts to enhance patient compliance and attendance, and thus the provision of oral and dental care services.
Internet-based Treatment for Vulvodynia (EMBLA) – A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Hess Engström Andrea , Bohm-Starke Nina , Kullinger Merit , Hesselman Susanne , Högberg Ulf , Buhrman Monica , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundInternet-based ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) treatment may improve accessibility and reduce stigma related to seeking health care, but there are a lack of studies investigating internet-based treatment using ACT principles for women with vulvodynia.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an internet-based treatment of pain during intercourse for women with provoked vulvodynia compared with no intervention during the waiting period before clinical treatment.MethodsA multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted during 2016 to 2020, in which 99 participants were included. Participants were randomized to either a 6 week guided internet-based treatment using ACT principles or usual care. Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks after baseline, and approximately 10 months after baseline.OutcomesPain-related (pain during intercourse, tampon test, impact of pain on sexual function) and pain behavior-related outcomes (attempts at intercourse, sexual activities besides intercourse, willingness to perform the tampon test, chronic pain acceptance questionnaire) were used as outcomes.ResultsTreatment was efficacious in what concerns pain during intercourse and pain acceptance. Less pain during intercourse among women in the intervention group was observed at both post-treatment (primary endpoint, P = .01, Cohen’s d = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.33, 2.4), and follow-up (P = .04). Absolut mean difference between groups for pain during intercourse at post-treatment was -2.84, (95 % CI = -4.91, -0.78), and -1.58 at follow-up, (95 % CI = -3.17, 0.02), where the intervention group rated less pain than controls. No differences between groups over time were found for tampon test measures or impact of pain on sexual function. There was a significant difference between groups at all timepoints indicating fewer attempts at intercourse among participants in the intervention group. At post-treatment, women who underwent internet-based treatment reported higher pain acceptance and a rise in activity engagement compared with the control group.Clinical ImplicationsThere is an indication that internet-based treatment could be incorporated into clinical practice as a complement to clinical treatment.Strengths & LimitationsStudy strengths included using several forms of recruitment and an intervention built by different professions with long experience of treating patients with vulvodynia. High dropout rate was a limitation of this study.ConclusionInternet-based treatment may have an impact on pain during intercourse and positive effects on pain acceptance. However, conclusions must be drawn with caution due to the small sample size.
Low-altitude periglacial activity in southeastern Australia during the late Pleistocene
Authors: Barrows Timothy T. , Mills Stephanie C. , Fitzsimmons Kathryn , Wasson Robert , Galloway Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOnly a small area of the Australian mainland was glaciated during the Pleistocene, whereas periglacial deposits are far more common, indicating that cold environments were extensive and a major influence on landscape evolution. Here we identify representative low-elevation examples of scree slopes and frost action, together with fans and valley fills, indicating pronounced erosion cycles during the Pleistocene. To date the deposits, we explore approaches using radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence, and profile dating using the cosmogenic nuclide10Be. The radiocarbon and optical ages show that screes, alluvial valley fill, and fans were deposited between 66–13 ka during the coldest part of the last glacial cycle, and within the previous glacial cycle. Exposure dating indicates further landscape erosion cycles back to the mid Pleistocene. Together, the deposits indicate the frost cracking limit was ~1300 m lower at 680 ± 10 m and mean winter temperature was 8.2 ± 0.5°C colder than present. Periglacial conditions probably affected much of southeastern Australia. The treeless and dry conditions resulted in widespread erosion and increased run off. Combined with increased snow storage within catchments, rivers were paradoxically larger, with high seasonal discharge and sediment loads.
Currency substitution as an automatic stabilizer
Authors: Chen Shu-Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the presence of frictions, the existing literature shows that currency substitution is detrimental for domestic aggregate stability. This paper singles out the role of currency substitution and shows that diversified currency holdings operate as an automatic stabilizer that mitigates belief-driven cyclical fluctuations in Farmer’s (1997) indeterminate monetary economy. When the foreign inflation rate is lower than the domestic inflation rate, the model’s steady state always displays saddle-path stability. Hence, equilibrium indeterminacy originally present in the domestic country is entirely removed in the presence of diversified currency holdings. When the foreign inflation rate is higher than the domestic inflation rate, then depending on the degrees of currency substitution and relative risk aversion, indeterminacy is either impossible or the requisite level of the foreign inflation rate for indeterminacy is too high to square with data. The stabilizing effect of diversified currency holdings on domestic aggregate stability is robust to whether domestic and foreign currencies display as Edgeworth substitutes or complements, or are additively separable in the household’s preferences.
Technology Pathways Could Help Drive the U.S. West Coast Grid's Exposure to Hydrometeorological Uncertainty
Authors: Wessel Jacob , Kern Jordan D. , Voisin Nathalie , Oikonomou Konstantinos , Haas Jannik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious studies investigating deep decarbonization of bulk electric power systems and wholesale electricity markets have not sufficiently explored how future grid pathways could affect the grid's vulnerability to hydrometeorological uncertainty on multiple timescales. Here, we employ a grid operations model and a large synthetic weather ensemble to “stress test” a range of future grid pathways for the U.S. West Coast developed by ReEDS, a well‐known capacity planning model. Our results show that gradual changes in the underlying capacity mix from 2020 to 2050 can cause significant “re‐ranking” of weather years in terms of annual wholesale electricity prices (with “good” years becoming bad, and vice versa). Nonetheless, we find the highest and lowest ranking price years in terms of average electricity price remain mostly tied to extremes in hydropower availability (streamflow) and load (summer temperatures), with the strongest sensitivities related to drought. Seasonal dynamics seen today involving spring snowmelt and hot, dry summers remain well‐defined out to 2050. In California, future supply shortfalls in our model are concentrated in the evening and occur mostly during periods of high temperature anomalies in late summer months and in late winter; in the Pacific Northwest, supply shortfalls are much more strongly tied to negative streamflow anomalies. Under our more robust sampling of stationary hydrometeorological uncertainty, we also find that the ratio of dis‐patchable thermal (i.e., natural gas) capacity to wind and solar required to ensure grid reliability can differ significantly from values reported by ReEDS.
The Changing CO2Sink in the Western Arctic Ocean From 1994 to 2019
Authors: Ouyang Zhangxian , Li Yun , Qi Di , Zhong Wenli , Murata Akihiko , Nishino Shigeto , Wu Yingxu , Jin Meibing , Kirchman David , Chen Liqi , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean has turned from a perennial ice‐covered ocean into a seasonally ice‐free ocean in recent decades. Such a shift in the air‐ice‐sea interface has resulted in substantial changes in the Arctic carbon cycle and related biogeochemical processes. To quantitatively evaluate how the oceanic CO2sink responds to rapid sea ice loss and to provide a mechanistic explanation, here we examined the air‐sea CO2flux and the regional CO2sink in the western Arctic Ocean from 1994 to 2019 by two complementary approaches: observation‐based estimation and a data‐driven box model evaluation. ThepCO2observations and model results showed that summer CO2uptake significantly increased by about 1.4 ± 0.6 Tg C decade−1in the Chukchi Sea, primarily due to a longer ice‐free period, a larger open area, and an increased primary production. However, no statistically significant increase in CO2sink was found in the Canada Basin and the Beaufort Sea based on both observations and modeled results. The reduced sea ice coverage in summer in the Canada Basin and the enhanced wind speed in the Beaufort Sea potentially promoted CO2uptake, which was, however, counteracted by a rapidly decreased air‐seapCO2gradient therein. Therefore, the current and future Arctic Ocean CO2uptake trends cannot be sufficiently reflected by the air‐seapCO2gradient alone because of the sea ice variations and other environmental factors.
Slope Break and Avulsion Locations Scale Consistently in Global Deltas
Authors: Prasojo O. A. , Hoey T. B. , Owen A. , Williams R. D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how deltas respond to changing sea level is crucial as deltas provide important ecosystems, are inhabited by ∼500 million people, and are nexuses of food, energy and economic activity. The response of delta distributary channels to sea‐level rise depends on the geomorphic controls on delta morphology and their scaling relationships. Our data from 105 deltas globally show strong scaling between the upstream distances to slope breaks and to avulsion nodes, and confirm the previously known scaling between backwater and avulsion lengths. The break in slope is proposed to be the principal control on delta development, along with other proposed secondary controls. We identify and discuss the implications of this slope break‐avulsion length scaling, leading to a conceptual model of delta morphology and sedimentology. This model suggests how deltas may respond to future sea level rise and guides interpretation of deltaic deposits in the rock record.
Air Quality Forecasts Improved by Combining Data Assimilation and Machine Learning With Satellite AOD
Authors: Lee Seunghee , Park Seohui , Lee Myong‐In , Kim Ganghan , Im Jungho , Song Chang‐Keun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSatellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data assimilation (DA) using numerical air quality forecast models has shown a limited improvement due to large uncertainties in the AOD observation operator. This study employed a machine learning (ML) algorithm to estimate the ground‐level particulate matter (PM) from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) AOD through the random forest with high accuracy. Analysis fields were subsequently produced by applying PM estimations to the Weather Research and Forecasting‐Chemistry/three‐dimensional variational DA system. Initialization of the model with the new analysis remarkably reduced the analysis error and increased the forecast skill. The PM10 prediction showed significant benefits for up to 24 forecast hours, whereas PM2.5 prediction was improved for up to six forecast hours. Considering a broad spatial coverage by satellites, the synergistic use of DA and ML can maximize the effectiveness of satellite DA for air quality forecasts at the ground.
Role of Electrical Effects in Intensifying Rainfall Rates in the Tropics
Authors: Mudiar Dipjyoti , Hazra Anupam , Pawar S. D. , Karumuri Rama Krishna , Konwar Mahen , Mukherjee Subrata , Srivastava Manoj K. , Goswami B. N. , Williams Earle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the backdrop of a significant improvement in weather prediction with Numerical Weather Prediction models, quantitative prediction of the intensity of heavy rainfall events and associated disasters has remained a challenge. Encouraged by the recent emergence of compelling observational evidence for a significant electrical influence on cloud/rain microphysical processes (Mudiar, Pawar, Gopalakrishnana et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093577), here we propose a hypothesis that the modification of the raindrop size distribution (RDSD) towards larger drop sizes facilitated by cloud electric fields could be one factor responsible for realistic rainfall intensity in weather/climate models. The robustness of the proposed hypothesis is confirmed through a series of simulations of strongly electrified rain events with the Weather Research and Forecasting model incorporating the electrically modified RDSD parameters in the model physics. Our results indicate a possible roadmap for improving hazard prediction associated with extreme rainfall events in weather prediction models.
Chilling Accumulation Is Not an Effective Predictor of Vegetation Green‐Up Date in Inner Mongolian Grasslands
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Xiao Meijia , Xia Xiangao , Huang Yao , Luo Zhongkui , Wei Yurong , Zhang Wen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChilling accumulation (CA) might be reduced under a warming climate, which raises a critical question: is vegetation green‐up date (VGD) altered by varing CA? If the answer is yes, existing thermal‐time models should be modified to include a chilling component. By collating observations from eight long‐term (1982–2019) field experiments across Inner Mongolia, we quantitatively assessed the responses of VGD of 27 grass species to CA in this region. The results indicated that effect of CA on VGD is in general negligible for most grass species. As excepted, rather than CA, VGD was predominantly determined by other climatic attributes such as heat requirement (HR) and precipitation. These results demonstrate the robustness of existing thermal‐time models without a chilling component to predict variations in VGD of major plant species in Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands.
Fewer Troughs, Not More Ridges, Have Led to a Drying Trend in the Western United States
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hari Vittal , S‐Y Wang Simon , LaPlante Matthew D. , Garfin Gregg , Affram Grace , Kumar Rohini 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐amplitude ridges can enforce heat‐trapping systems that persist through an entire season, contributing to drought events. However, the impacts of day‐to‐day weather system changes at the meso‐ and synoptic‐scale are also important, albeit less well studied. We identify five weather types (WTs) from 500‐hPa geopotential height anomalies. These categories include WT4, which represents ridges and associated dry and warm anomalies, and WT3, which characterizes troughs and associated wetter‐ and colder‐than‐normal conditions and is the largest contributor to precipitation in the western U.S. While no discernable trend is evident for WT4 conditions, WT3 conditions have undergone a distinctive decrease in frequency at both annual and seasonal scales, thus a general drying trend across the west during this time period may be more significantly associated with fewer troughs rather than more ridges. Attribution analysis reveals that this decrease in wetter and colder weather is a likely result of anthropogenic forcing.
A Statistical Study of the Solar Wind Dependence of Multi‐Harmonic Toroidal ULF Waves Observed by the Arase Satellite
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Seki K. , Matsuoka A. , Imajo S. , Teramoto M. , Kitahara M. , Kasahara Y. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Shoji M. , Nakamura S. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractToroidal standing Alfvén wave is one of the ultra‐low frequency waves that are frequently observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere. They sometimes exhibit multi‐harmonic frequency spectra, indicating wide energy range input in the magnetosphere. However, their energy source has not been fully understood due to the lack of statistical studies. Here we used the data of the Arase satellite observations for ∼3.5 years and conducted a statistical analysis of the solar wind dependence of the occurrence rate, wave power, and frequency of the multi‐harmonic toroidal waves. We automatically detected the multi‐harmonic waves and categorized them into four groups according to the solar wind velocity and the cone angle of the interplanetary magnetic field. We found that the occurrence rate and wave power of the multi‐harmonic waves increase with the solar wind velocity on the flank sides. In the noon sector, the occurrence rate of the multi‐harmonic waves increases with the decrease of the cone angle. The median frequency of the multi‐harmonic waves on the dayside is positively correlated with the upstream wave frequency predicted by the theory of the ion beam instability for a small cone angle. The occurrence rate also increases with the solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations. Therefore, we suggest that the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, the upstream waves, and the dynamic pressure fluctuations are possible sources of the multi‐harmonic waves. This study sheds light on the activity of the multi‐harmonic waves which can affect radiation belt electrons under various solar wind conditions.
Ephemeral Surface Chlorophyll Enhancement at the New England Shelf Break Driven by Ekman Restratification
Authors: Oliver Hilde , Zhang Weifeng Gordon , Archibald Kevin M. , Hirzel Andrew J. , Smith Walker O. , Sosik Heidi M. , Stanley Rachel H. R. , McGillicuddy Dennis J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) hosts a large and productive marine ecosystem supported by high phytoplankton concentrations. Enhanced surface chlorophyll concentrations at the MAB shelf‐break front have been detected in synoptic measurements, yet this feature is not present in seasonal means. To understand why, we assess the conditions associated with enhanced surface chlorophyll at the shelf break. We employ in‐situ and remote sensing data, and a 2‐dimensional model to show that Ekman restratification driven by upfront winds drives ephemerally enhanced chlorophyll concentrations at the shelf‐break front in spring. Using 8‐day composite satellite‐measured surface chlorophyll concentration data from 2003–2020, we constructed a daily running mean (DRM) climatology of the cross‐shelf chlorophyll distribution for the northern MAB region. While the frontal enhancement of chlorophyll is apparent in the DRM climatology, it is not captured in the seasonal climatology due to its short duration of less than a week. In‐situ measurements of the frontal chlorophyll enhancement reveal that chlorophyll is highest in spring when the shelf‐break front slumps offshore from its steep wintertime position causing restratification in the upper part of the water column. Several restratification mechanisms are possible, but the first day of enhanced chlorophyll at the shelf break corresponds to increasing upfront winds, suggesting that the frontal restratification is driven by offshore Ekman transport of the shelf water over the denser slope water. The 2‐dimensional model shows that upfront winds can indeed drive Ekman restratification and alleviate light limitation of phytoplankton growth at the shelf‐break front.
Global Estimate of Tropical Cyclone‐Induced Diapycnal Mixing and Its Links to Climate Variability
Authors: Cao Yuan , Wang Xidong , Shao Caixia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA mixing length theory which considers the impact of TC characters and upper ocean stratification, is used to estimate the tropical cyclone (TC) induced diapycnal diffusivity, and investigate the trend, interannual and interdecadal variability of TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity in the globe and each basin. The annual mean climatology of the TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity is consistent with previous research, with maximum values in the Western North Pacific (WP) ranging from 0.05 cm2/s up to 1 cm2/s. The trends of TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity exhibit great inter‐basin differences, which are not only related with TC itself, but also the ocean stratification. On the interannual timescales, El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can modulate the variability of TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity in the globe by regulating the ocean stratification rather than TC intensity, because the impacts of ENSO on TC intensity in each basin cancel out each other. As for each basin, ENSO can affect TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity mainly by regulating the variability of TC intensity. In addition, the relationship of TC‐induced diapycnal diffusivity with dominant climate modes such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may be interactive on the interdecadal timescales, especially in the areas which are significantly influenced by PDO and NAO, such as WP, Eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic. We anticipate that these results can provide insights into the variability and physical mechanisms of TC‐induced diapycnal mixing.