bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of intranasal carcinomas in cats treated with external‐beam radiotherapy: 42 cases
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroto , Gieger Tracy L. , Saba Corey F. , Fredrickson Kirsha , Kubicek Lyndsay , Haney Siobhan , Ruslander David , Kelsey Krista L. , McEntee Margaret C. , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the comparative efficacy of various irradiation strategies used to treat intranasal carcinomas (INC) in cats.ObjectivesInvestigate outcomes and prognostic factors associated with survival for cats with INC.AnimalsForty‐two cats with INC that underwent radiotherapy (RT).MethodsSingle‐arm retrospective study. Medical record review for cats with INC that underwent RT at 1 of 7 veterinary RT facilities. Irradiation protocols categorized as: definitive‐intent fractionated RT (FRT), definitive‐intent stereotactic RT (SRT), and palliative‐intent RT (PRT). Median overall survival time (OST) and disease progression‐free survival (PFS; documented by advanced transverse imaging, or recurrence of symptoms) were calculated. Associations between tumor stage, RT protocol/intent, and adjunctive treatment usage and outcome were calculated.ResultsCats underwent SRT (N = 18), FRT (N = 8), and PRT (N = 16). In multivariate modeling, cats received definitive‐intent treatment (DRT; FRT/SRT) had significantly longer median PFS (504 days, [95% confidence interval (CI): 428–580 days] vs PRT 198 days [95% CI: 62–334 days];p = 0.006) and median OST [721 days (95% CI: 527–915 days) vs 284 days (95% CI: 0–570 days);p = 0.001]). Cats that underwent second DRT course at time of recurrence lived significantly longer than cats that received 1 RT course (either DRT or PRT [median OST 824 days (95% CI: 237–1410 days) vs 434 days (95% CI: 277–591 days);p= .028]).ConclusionIn cats with INC, DRT is associated with prolonged OST and PFS as compared to PRT. If tumor progression occurs, a second course of DRT should be considered.
Towards an Ultimate Finite Element Oriented Solver on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Belsky Vladimir , Fish Jacob 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates computational efficiency of various finite element solvers, including the state-of-the-art iterative methods based on multigrid-like and Modified Incomplete Cholesky preconditioners, as well as sparse direct solver recently developed at NASA Langley. These methods are compared to the newly developed Finite Element Oriented Solver (FEOS), which combines the advantages of the iterative and direct solution techniques. Numerical tests are conducted for both well-conditioned three dimensional problems as well as poor-conditioned problems, such as thin shells. The proposed FEOS solver has been found to possess a remarkable robustness and computational efficiency, by far superior to its comprising ingredients.
Isothermal Curve Determination in Water to Air Concentric Tube Exchanger Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: Koestoer Raldi Artono , Legi Edwin , Setiadi Nandy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discuss the heat tranfer in the concentric tube with numerical solution. Hot water flow in the inner tube and the force circulation of air has been used to absorb the heat from the inner tube in paralel direction. Kosasih and Koestoer [7] compared the result of experimental research and the numerical calculation of temperatur distribution in annular space. In this work, the calculation with Pascal Programming in Personal Computer, continue to inner side where hot water flows and the heat passed the wall in between of both side. Isothermal curve has been established by figuring the temperature points and it was depicted using AutoCad.
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics to Design Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods for Cooling Channels
Authors: Plotnik Aaron M. , Anderson Ann M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study to enhance heat transfer in a short narrow cooling channel (7.9 mm high by 30.9 mm wide by 109 mm long). The study was performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Flotherm, by Flomerics, Inc. The work emphasizes the usefulness of CFD in the design process. The heat transfer enhancement was accomplished by placing thin rib-like protrusions in the channel. Simulations were run for two protrusion spacings, with a range of protrusion heights from 0.5 to 1.5 mm and a range of channel Reynolds number from 500 to 40,000. The results of a grid dependence study are presented and baseline comparisons are made to validate the computational model. The results show increases in channel Nusselt number of 10–160% while the friction factor increases by 10–5200%. The different configurations are compared using a non-dimensional measure of the pumping power and this shows that devices are most effective at low Reynolds numbers. The enhancement in heat transfer, the increase in friction loss and the worth in terms of pumping power would all have to be weighed with respect to the needs of a particular application before any choice is made to apply the techniques studied in this report.
Validation of the INS3D-UP Code in the Prediction of Turbulent Flow of Liquid Propellants in a Sharp Bend
Authors: Sharif M. A. R. , Haskew J. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The capability of the INS3D-UP code in the prediction of turbulent flow in a sharp bend of circular cross-section has been investigated. The code, developed by the NASA Ames Research Center, is being used by the NASA Marshal Space Flight Center to analyze turbulent flow of liquid propellant in vaned pipe bends designed for use in the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The FORTRAN code is based on finite difference method and uses the concept of pseudocompressibility to solve incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. The Baldwin-Barth turbulence model is embedded in the code for turbulence computation. The flow field, at a Reynolds number of 43,000, in a sharp 90° bend has been predicted and compared with measurement. It is found that the agreement between the predicted and measured velocities is very well. The predicted pressures at the bend wall also compares reasonably well with the measurement. It is concluded that the INS3D-UP code is a good computational tool to analyze similar flow problems.
Computational Fluid Mechanics Studies of Conical Diffuser Flow
Authors: Chin S. B. , Bullough W. A. , Cardew G. E. , Kinsella J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Values of pressure recovery coefficient (PRC) are compared for flow through and along conical diffusers. Overall analytical, experimental and Computational Fluid Mechanics (CFM) determined characterisations are presented for a range of included angle 20, at industrially representative Reynolds numbers, and for the 7° diffuser, over a range of Reynolds numbers. The 7° diffuser is also examined for variation in PRC along its length, at one Reynolds number. All diffusers have the same diameter ratio. The results were verified against data from the internal aerodynamics literature.
These examinations were carried out in order to build up confidence in the use of a proprietary CFM package as a basis for the study of flows in diffusers and, in particular, pressure distributions therein. Computation and experiments were done by undergraduate students acting in concert, on a class mini-project.
Problems of modelling, boundary location and specification of numerical boundary conditions vis a vis real diffuser situations with and without inlet duct and tailpipe are described. The relationship between measured wall tappings of pressure and pressure variations and those from the numerical solution are investigated.
Optimal Design of a Pulsed Water Jet Nozzle
Authors: Li Zheng , Geskin E. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the geometry of downstream edge in the resonating cavity on the performance of a pulsating water jet nozzle. The operation of this nozzle is evaluated by numerical modeling of the water flow within the nozzle. A procedure of computer simulation is employed to examine the performance of the nozzle and the numerical simulation results are validated by the experiments. The nozzle is formed by the use of two conventional nozzles connected by a cavity and numerical and experimental results show that the downstream edge in the cavity has an important effect on the performance of the nozzle. The obtained information demonstrate that the downstream edge with geometry of concave shape is better than the one of convex and flat surface due to its convergent shape enhancing the focusing of the jet and thus increasing the jet kinetic energy. The numerical and experimental results show that the optimal angle of downstream edge is 75° for the best operation of the nozzle. The substantial increase of the rate of cleaning and erosion of such as aluminum, steel and titanium in the course of use of optimal designed nozzle is observed. The obtained computational results enable us to design an effective nozzle suitable for both material removal and surface processing.
Conceptual Design With Functionally and Morphologically Parametrized Feature Objects
Authors: Horváth Imre , Thernesz Vilmos , Bagoly Zoltán 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Innovative conceptual design is a critical factor to produce competitive industrial and consumer products. Conceptual design needs to be formalized and supported by computational models in order to be covered by computer based design environments. Until now, scheme-based, symbolic and/or physical feature oriented approaches have been applied to generate conceptual models of products. In the case of these approaches, morphological aspects are more or less neglected. Concept features, presented in this paper, are able to represent information on both initial geometries and structural relationships. A concept feature object is a knowledge chunk that defines (a) a set of entities that is needed to build up a skeleton of a part or subassembly, (b) a set of parameters that is needed to characterize a skeleton from a morphological point of view, (c) a set of parameters and physical expressions that describe the possible operation and behaviour of skeletons. Generic modelling is used to derive skeletons. The skeleton and their operational descriptions, as neural Petri nets, form organs that are combined into an organ structure of the modelled industrial or consumer product. The methodology of modelling and simulation with concept feature-objects is described.
Maximal Volume Decomposition and its Application to Feature Recognition
Authors: Dave Parag , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A method has been developed that decomposes an object having both planar and curved faces into volumes, called maximal volumes, using the halfspaces of the object. A maximal volume has as few concave edges as possible without introducing additional halfspaces. The object is first decomposed into minimal cells by extending the faces of the object. These minimal cells are then composed to form maximal volumes. The combinations of such minimal cells that result in maximal volumes are searched efficiently by examining the relationships among those minimal cells.
With this decomposition method, a delta volume, which is the volume difference between the raw material and the finished part, is decomposed into maximal volumes. By subtracting maximal volumes from each other in different orders and applying graph matching to the resulting volumes, multiple interpretations of features can be generated.
Representation of Manufacturing Environment and Structured Knowledge Base in a CAPP System
Authors: Zhou Xiangyu , Yan Junqi , Jin Yi , Ma Dengzhe , Ling Zhi-Kui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Process Planning of a product determines the process activities during its manufacturing process. Transformation of the product from design to its final form by process planning is controlled by its manufacturing environment. In this paper, the systematic representation of a manufacturing environment and a hierarchical data model to represent a process plan is studied and introduced for the flexibility of the Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) system and for the integration purpose. An event-driven architecture for the design of general CAPP systems is established based on these models. A CAPP system (U-CAPP) developed by the authors based on these concepts is briefly described.
Complex Dies Representation and Definition With Complex Feature-Based Model
Authors: Mawussi Kwamivi , Bernard Alain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The production of stamped-paris corresponds to a long manufacturing process compared to a mechanical part obtained by chip removing machining. This manufacturing process is characterized by three design functions : the design of finished part, the design of stamped-part and the definition of dies, and two manufacturing functions : the dies machining and the production (large batch) of forged parts. The manifold data handled during the implementation of the design functions require specific representations according to the tasks carried out.
In this paper we propose a complex features-based model for the representation and the definition of forging dies which allows to conceptualize all the definition data related to the semantic, structural and topological aspects. According to the semantic and structural point of view, we adopted a functional and hierarchical decomposition of the shape of the die represented which integrates the feature concept. Relations between elements of the model and blend primitives network are defined in order to facilitate the topological comprehension and exploitation of the design results.
Prototyping and Design for Assembly Analysis Using Multimodal Virtual Environments
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Zeltzer David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work investigates whether estimates of ease of part handling and part insertion can be provided by multimodal simulation using virtual environment (VE) technology, rather than by using conventional table-based methods such as Boothroyd and Dewhurst Charts.
To do this, a unified physically based model has been developed for modeling dynamic interactions among virtual objects and haptic interactions between the human designer and the virtual objects. This model is augmented with auditory events in a multimodal VE system called the “Virtual Environment for Design for Assembly” (VEDA). Currently these models are 2D in order to preserve interactive update rates, but we expect that these results will be generalizable to 3d models.
VEDA has been used to evaluate the feasibility and advantages of using multimodal virtual environments as a design tool for manual assembly. The designer sees a visual representation of the objects and can interactively sense and manipulate virtual objects through haptic interface devices with force feedback. He/She can feel these objects and hear sounds when there are collisions among the objects. Objects can be interactively grasped and assembled with other parts of the assembly to prototype new designs and perform Design for Assembly analysis.
Experiments have been conducted with human subjects to investigate whether Multimodal Virtual Environments are able to replicate experiments linking increases in assembly time with increase in task difficulty. In particular, the effect of clearance, friction, chamfers and distance of travel on handling and insertion time have been compared in real and virtual environments for peg-in-hole assembly task. In addition, the effects of degrading/removing the different modes (visual, auditory and haptic) on different phases of manual assembly have been examined.
Self-Organizing Neural Networks for Automated Machinery Monitoring Systems
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Ganesan R. , Sankar T. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two fundamental problems that are frequently encountered in automated machinery monitoring and diagnostics are formulated into their corresponding mathematical problems of clustering and trend analysis. The need for and the efficiency of multiple-index based trend analysis, in both precisely evaluating the current conditions of a machine system using on-line vibration measurements and obtaining a reliable prediction about its future behaviour, are systematically brought out. Neural network solutions to these problems, particularly the solutions using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) are sought. Statistical parameters of the on-line vibration signal such as peak-to-peak value, absolute mean value, crest factor etc., are used to form the data set depending on the machinery system being monitored and diagnosed. Self-organizing mapping algorithm is then employed to perform the clustering and feature extraction which takes as the input the multi-dimensional data set and provides as the output the condition of the machinery system. Associated one-layer neural network is developed during the process of SOM and the training of this network is performed in an unsupervised learning mode. A new efficient neural network algorithm that has been previously developed by the present authors for multiple-index based regression is adapted to perform the trend analysis of a machine system. Applications of the above neural network algorithms to the condition monitoring and life estimation of both a bearing system as well as a rotor system are fully demonstrated using real-life data.
von Willebrand disease: what does the future hold?
Authors: Denis Cécile V. , Susen Sophie , Lenting Peter J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by its heterogeneous clinical manifestation, which complicates its diagnosis and management. The clinical management of VWD has remained essentially unchanged over the last 30 years or so, using von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates, desmopressin, and anti–fibrinolytic agents as main tools to control bleeding. This is in contrast to hemophilia A, for which a continuous innovative path has led to novel treatment modalities. Despite current VWD management being considered effective, quality-of-life studies consistently reveal a higher than anticipated burden of VWD on patients, which is particularly true for women. Apparently, despite our perceived notion of current therapeutic efficiency, there is space for innovation with the goal of reaching superior efficacy. Developing innovative treatments for VWD is complex, especially given the heterogeneity of the disease and the multifunctional nature of VWF. In this perspective article, we describe several potential strategies that could provide the basis for future VWD treatments. These include genetic approaches, such as gene therapy using dual-vector adenoassociated virus and transcriptional silencing of mutant alleles. Furthermore, protein-based approaches to increase factor FVIII levels in VWD-type 3 or 2N patients are discussed. Finally, antibody-based options to interfere with VWF degradation (for congenital VWD-type 2A or acquired von Willebrand syndrome-type 2A) or increase endogenous VWF levels (for VWD-type 1) are presented. By highlighting these potential strategies, we hope to initiate an innovative path, which ultimately would allow us to better serve VWD patients and their specific needs.
The evolution of hemocyanin genes in Tectipleura: a multitude of conserved introns in highly diverse gastropods
Authors: Schäfer Gabriela Giannina , Pedrini-Martha Veronika , Jackson Daniel John , Dallinger Reinhard , Lieb Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemocyanin is the oxygen transporter of most molluscs. Since the oxygen affinity of hemocyanin is strongly temperature-dependent, this essential protein needs to be well-adapted to the environment. In Tectipleura, a very diverse group of gastropods with > 27,000 species living in all kinds of habitats, several hemocyanin genes have already been analyzed. Multiple independent duplications of this gene have been identified and may represent potential adaptations to different environments and lifestyles. The aim of this study is to further explore the evolution of these genes by analyzing their exon–intron architectures.ResultsWe have reconstructed the gene architectures of ten hemocyanin genes from four Tectipleura species:Aplysia californica, Lymnaea stagnalis, Cornu aspersumandHelix pomatia. Their hemocyanin genes each contain 53 introns, significantly more than in the hemocyanin genes of Cephalopoda (9–11), Vetigastropoda (15) and Caenogastropoda (28–33). The gene structures of Tectipleura hemocyanins are identical in terms of intron number and location, with the exception of one out of two hemocyanin genes ofL. stagnalisthat comprises one additional intron. We found that gene structures that differ between molluscan lineages most probably evolved more recently through independent intron gains.ConclusionsThe strict conservation of the large number of introns in Tectipleura hemocyanin genes over 200 million years suggests the influence of a selective pressure on this gene structure. While we could not identify conserved sequence motifs within these introns, it may be simply the great number of introns that offers increased possibilities of gene regulation relative to hemocyanin genes with less introns and thus may have facilitated habitat shifts and speciation events. This hypothesis is supported by the relatively high number of introns within the hemocyanin genes ofPomacea canaliculatathat has evolved independently of the Tectipleura.Pomacea canaliculatabelongs to the Caenogastropoda, the sister group of Heterobranchia (that encompass Tectipleura) which is also very diverse and comprises species living in different habitats. Our findings provide a hint to some of the molecular mechanisms that may have supported the spectacular radiation of one of Metazoa’s most species rich groups.