bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain-Guided Activity Modification During Treatment for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Feasibility and Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sprague Andrew L , Couppé Christian , Pohlig Ryan T. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn Sc.D , Silbernagel Karin Grävare 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Activity modification is a key component of patellar tendinopathy treatment but there is a lack of evidence guiding activity modification prescription. Use of activity modification in treatment studies has varied widely and the impact of those recommendations has not been directly investigated or compared. The purpose of this study was to assess 1) the feasibility of using pain-guided activity modification during treatment for patellar tendinopathy and 2) if our outcome measures are responsive to changes in tendon health over the course of treatment.Methods: This was an unblinded, randomized two-arm pilot and feasibility study randomized clinical trial with parallel assignment, conducted in Newark, DE. Individuals between the ages of 16 and 40 years old with patellar tendinopathy were included. Participants were randomly assigned to a pain-guided activity (PGA) or pain-free activity (PFA) group using a spreadsheet-based randomization scheme. All participants received standardized treatment using a modified version of the heavy-slow resistance protocol 3x/week for 12-weeks. For the first six weeks, the PGA group used the Pain-Monitoring Model to guide activity outside of treatment and the PFA group was restricted from running, jumping, or activities that provoked their patellar tendon pain. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, enrollment, randomization, compliance, and retention percentages. Clinical evaluations were conducted at baseline, 6- and 12-weeks to assess symptom severity, psychological factors, tendon morphology and mechanical properties, lower extremity function and quadriceps muscle performance. Results: In a ~13-month period, 108 individuals were screened, 47/108 (43.5%) were eligible for participation, and 15/47 (32.0%) of those were enrolled (9 PGA, 6 PFA). The recruitment rate was 1.15 participants/month. The mean±SD compliance with treatment was PGA: 86.1±13.0% and PFA: 67.1±30.7%. There was one missed evaluation session and two adverse events, which were not due to study interventions. Changes exceeding the smallest detectable change were observed for at least one outcome in each domain of tendon health.Conclusions: Use of pain-guided activity modification during exercise therapy for patellar tendinopathy was found to be feasible, and the proposed outcome measures appropriate. Computer-based allocation concealment, blinding of evaluators, and greater recruitment of high-level athletes should be implemented in future trials.
Self-reported psychological disorders among the mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and typically developed children.
Authors: Al-Ansari Ahmed Malalla , Janahi Mohammed Ismail , AlTourah Abdulrahman Jamal , Jahrami Haitham Ali , Rajab Mansour Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), type 1 diabetes, and typical development (TD), in a geographical area where such data are lacking.Method: The study sample comprised a group of mothers of children with ASD (group 1; n=126), a group of mothers of children with diabetes mellitus (group 2; n=43), and a control group of mothers of children with TD (n=116).Results: On the DASS-21, both groups 1 and 2 had higher mean scores for depression (37.86), anxiety (4.58), and stress (29.81) than the control group (P=0.015). On the PSS-14, the mean score was higher in group 2 (28.63) than in group 1 (27.61) and the control group (25.87) (p=0.004). On the DASS 21, group 1 scored higher in the depression domain (p=0.046), whereas group 2 scored higher in the anxiety domain (p=0.034) and stress domain (p=0.009) than the TD group.Conclusion: Mothers of children with ASD should be assessed for the presence of depression following diagnosis. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes require careful monitoring for the effects of anxiety and stress on their mental health and therefore their ability to cope with diabetes management plans.
OsPG1 encodes a polygalacturonase that determines cell wall architecture and affects resistance to bacterial blight pathogen in rice
Authors: Cao Yongrun , Zhang Yue , Chen Yuyu , Yu Ning , Liaqat Shah , Wu Weixun , Chen Daibo , Cheng Shihua , Wei Xinghua , Cao Liyong , Zhang Yingxin , Liu Qunen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Plant cell walls are the main physical barrier encountered by pathogens colonizing plant tissues. Alteration of cell wall integrity (CWI) can activate specific defenses by impairing proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and remodeling, or cell wall damage due to biotic or abiotic stress. Polygalacturonase (PG) depolymerize pectin by hydrolysis, thereby altering pectin composition and structures and activating cell wall defense. Although many studies of CWI have been reported, the mechanism of how PGs regulate cell wall immune response is not well understood. Results: Necrosis appeared in leaf tips at the tillering stage, finally resulting in 3-5 cm of dark brown necrotic tissue. ltn-212 showed obvious cell death and accumulation of H2O2 in leaf tips. The defense responses were activated in ltn-212 to resist bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Map based cloning revealed that a single base substitution (G-A) in the first intron caused incorrect splicing of OsPG1, resulting in a necrotic phenotype. OsPG1 is constitutively expressed in all organs, and the wild-type phenotype was restored in complementation individuals and knockout of wild-type lines resulted in necrosis as in ltn-212. Transmission electron microscopy showed that thicknesses of cell walls were significantly reduced and cell size and shape were significantly diminished in ltn-212.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that OsPG1 encodes a PG in response to the leaf tip necrosis phenotype of ltn-212. Loss-of-function mutation of ltn-212 destroyed CWI, resulting in spontaneous cell death and an auto-activated defense response including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, as well as enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These findings promote our understanding of the CWI mediated defense response.
Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial flow on Doppler ultrasound in low-risk and unselected pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Vogel Joshua Peter , Vannevel Valerie , Robbers Gianna , Gwako George , Lavin Tina , Adanikin Abiodun , Hlongwane Tsakane , Pattinson Robert C , Qureshi Zahida P. , Oladapo Olufemi T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background While Doppler ultrasound screening is beneficial for women with high-risk pregnancies, there is insufficient evidence on its benefits and harms in low- and unselected-risk pregnancies. This may be related to fewer events of abnormal Doppler flow, however the prevalence of absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in such women is unknown. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesise available data on the prevalence of AEDF or REDF.Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus with no date, setting or language restrictions. All randomized or non-randomized studies reporting AEDF or REDF prevalence based on Doppler assessment of umbilical arterial flow >20 weeks’ gestation were eligible. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data on primary (AEDF and REDF) and secondary (fetal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality, caesarean section) outcomes, with results presented descriptively. Results A total of 42 studies (18,282 women) were included. Thirty-six studies reported zero AEDF or REDF cases. However, 55 AEDF or REDF cases were identified from just six studies (prevalence 0.08% to 2.13%). Four of these studies were in unselected-risk women and five were conducted in high-income countries. There was limited evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Conclusions Evidence from largely observational studies in higher-income countries suggests that AEDF and REDF are rare among low- and unselected-risk pregnant women. There are insufficient data from lower-income countries and further research is required.
A Systematic Review about Educational Campaigns on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Sadeghi Reza , Masoudi Mamood Reza , Khanjani Narges 
Published: January 2021

Background:Health campaigns have been shown effective in the prevention of smoking. These campaigns convey messages about specific behavior to the audience and have a high penetration rate.Objective:This systematic review was conducted to summarize the effect of educational campaigns on smoking.Methods:The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar databases were searched on 16 March, 2019 by using the keywords “Waterpipe, Hookah, Shisha, Cigarette, Smoking” and “Campaign, Antismoking Campaign, Health campaign”.Results:A total of 15 articles related to smoking campaigns entered the review. Campaigns were divided into two broad categories: (1) Campaigns aimed at public education and social change; (2) Campaigns aimed at changing policy or attracting the attention of politicians. The largest campaign was conducted in England. All educational campaigns showed at least one positive effect on preventing and controlling smoking.Conclusion:Anti-smoking campaigns are important investments, and as part of comprehensive tobacco control programs, they can educate people about the harms of smoking, change smoking attitudes and beliefs, increase quitting intentions, promote quitting, and decrease smoking.
Quality and Readability of Web-Based Information for Patients With Pancreatic Cysts: DISCERN and Readability Test Analysis
Authors: Oman Sven P , Zaver Himesh , Waddle Mark , Corral Juan E 
Published: January 2021

Background
Pancreatic cysts are a complex medical problem with several treatment options. Patients use web-based health information to understand their conditions and to guide treatment choices.

Objective
The goal of this study was to describe the quality and readability of publicly available web-based information on pancreatic cysts and to compare this information across website affiliations.

Methods
A Google search for “pancreatic cysts” was performed and the first 30 websites were evaluated. Website affiliations were classified as academic, media, nonprofit, government, or not disclosed. Information describing cancer risk was recorded. The DISCERN instrument measured the quality of content regarding treatment choices. Four standardized tests were used to measure readability.

Results
Twenty-one websites were included. The majority of the websites (20/21, 95%) described the cancer risk associated with pancreatic cysts. Nearly half of the websites were written by an academic hospital or organization. The average DISCERN score for all websites was 40.4 (range 26-65.5, maximum 80). Websites received low scores due to lack of references, failure to describe the risks of treatment, or lack of details on how treatment choices affect quality of life. The average readability score was 14.74 (range 5.76-23.85, maximum 19+), indicating a college reading level. There were no significant differences across website affiliation groups.

Conclusions
Web-based information for patients with pancreatic cysts is of moderate quality and is written above the reading level of most Americans. Gastroenterological, cancer treatment organizations, and physicians should advocate for improving the available information by providing cancer risk stratification, treatment impact on quality of life, references, and better readability.
Study of Invasive Plant Species Distribution in Warangal City, Telangana, India
Authors: Saritha Kommidi  , Thirupathi Koppula  , Sravanthi Yatla  , Mustafa Mohammed  
Published: January 2021

The invasive plant species are non-native organisms which invade natural habitats and destroy the indigenous flora. The invasion of alien plant species into various places is recognized as a major cause of loss of biodiversity, after habitat destruction. The aim of the present investigation is to study invasive flora of city of Warangal, Telangana with detailed study about their nativity, family, habit and distribution. A total of 97 species belonging to 72 genera of 30 families have been recorded as alien species. Among them about 63% are native to tropical America. Fabaceae is the dominant family with 13 species, followed by Asteraceae with 12 species, Convolvulaceae with 8 species, Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae with 6 species each. Remaining families are represented by species less than 6. Habit wise analysis of invasive plant species showed that 75% species belongs to herbs, 9% belongs to shrubs, 3% trees, and 2% climbers. Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Parthenium hysterophorous, Alternanthera ficoidea, Senna uniflora, Prosopis juliflora are dominant terrestrial species. Typha domingensis, Eichhornia crassipes are dominant aquatic species observed throughout the study area. Chromolaena odorata, Lanata camara are fast spreading in the city and if they are neglected they can become aggressive in future. Most of these alien species are problematic and causing damage to the ecosystem of the city. Neverthless some of the plants have medicinal value, some as fodder and few are used as fuel plants. Eichhornia crassipes can be used for preparation of environmental friendly products like paper, fabrics. Hence this study helps for early recognition, monitoring and management of invasive plant species in the study area.
To Study the Effects of Deep Neck Flexor Strengthening Exercises and Mckenzie Neck Exercises on Smart Phone Users Suffering From Neck Pain: A Comparative Study
Authors: Buru Yana  , Madhusmita Koch  , Abhijit Kalita  , Abhijit Dutta  
Published: January 2021

Smartphone has become an integral part of our lives, they generally have a small screen because of which it is more likely to induce a slouched posture creating a line of sight mostly below eye level, formulating an improper posture when used for a prolonged period of time, for example, forward head posture (FHP) leading to neck pain. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Deep neck flexor strengthening exercises with that of McKenzie neck extension exercises on smartphone users suffering from neck pain. It is a comparative experimental study. This study included (N=40) subjects with neck pain within the age group of 25-45 years. They arerandomly assigned into 2 groups (Group A and B). Group A had 20 (N=20) subjects who are treated with Deep neck flexor strengthening exercises, Group B had 20 (N=20) who are treated with McKenzie neck extension exercises. The subjects were given intervention 5 days a week for 6 weeks. For within-group analysis Paired sample t-test was used and to analyze between-group variables Independent sample t-test was done. Between DNF and McK groups no significant difference was found in NDI(p<1.18 ) and SFMPQ(p <1.17) while all outcome measures showed a significant difference in both DNF and McK groups(p=0.00)within the groups The results indicated that although both the treatment techniques, DNF and McK are effective in alleviating the neck pain in Smartphone users in terms of decreasing pain intensity and increasing functional ability as there was a significant difference within the two groups, but there was no significant difference between the DNF and McK group in decreasing pain intensity, increasing functional ability
The Effect of Exenatide Once Weekly on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: An 18-Month Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Koska Juraj , Migrino Raymond Q. , Chan Keith C. , Cooper-Cox Kelly , Reaven Peter D. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) improved multiple proatherogenic risk factors and reduced cardiovascular events in recent clinical trials, suggesting that they may slow progression of atherosclerosis. We tested whether exenatide once weekly reduces carotid plaque progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a double-blind, pragmatic trial, 163 participants were randomized (2:1) to exenatide (n = 109) or placebo (n = 54). Changes in carotid plaque volume and composition were measured at 9 and 18 months by multicontrast 3 Tesla MRI. Fasting and post–high-fat meal plasma glucose and lipids, and endothelial function responses, were measured at 3, 9, and 18 months.

RESULTS
Exenatide reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (estimated difference vs. placebo 0.55%, P = 0.0007) and fasting and postmeal plasma glucose (19 mg/dL, P = 0.0002, and 25 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Mean (SD) change in plaque volume in the exenatide group (0.3% [2%]) was not different from that in the placebo group (−2.2% [8%]) (P = 0.4). The change in plaque volume in the exenatide group was associated with changes in HbA1c (r = 0.38, P = 0.0004), body weight, and overall plasma glucose (r = 0.29, P = 0.007 both). There were no differences in changes in plaque composition, body weight, blood pressure, fasting and postmeal plasma triglycerides, and endothelial function between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Exenatide once weekly for up to 18 months improved fasting and postprandial glycemic control but did not modify change in carotid plaque volume or composition. This study raises the possibility that short-term antiatherosclerotic effects may not play a central role in the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1RAs.
Novel Biochemical Markers of Glycemia to Predict Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Meek Claire L. , Tundidor Diana , Feig Denice S. , Yamamoto Jennifer M. , Scott Eleanor M. , Ma Diane D. , Halperin Jose A. , Murphy Helen R. , Corcoy Rosa 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
The optimal method of monitoring glycemia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the predictive performance of HbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, and alternative biochemical markers of glycemia to predict obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One hundred fifty-seven women from the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Women With Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT) were included in this prespecified secondary analysis. HbA1c, CGM data, and alternative biochemical markers (glycated CD59, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, glycated albumin) were compared at ∼12, 24, and 34 weeks’ gestation using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to predict pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, preterm delivery, large for gestational age, neonatal hypoglycemia, admission to neonatal intensive care unit).

RESULTS
HbA1c, CGM metrics, and alternative laboratory markers were all significantly associated with obstetric and neonatal outcomes at 24 weeks’ gestation. More outcomes were associated with CGM metrics during the first trimester and with laboratory markers (area under the ROC curve generally &lt;0.7) during the third trimester. Time in range (TIR) (63–140 mg/dL [3.5–7.8 mmol/L]) and time above range (TAR) (&gt;140 mg/dL [&gt;7.8 mmol/L]) were the most consistently predictive CGM metrics. HbA1c was also a consistent predictor of suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. Some alternative laboratory markers showed promise, but overall, they had lower predictive ability than HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c is still an important biomarker for obstetric and neonatal outcomes in type 1 diabetes pregnancy. Alternative biochemical markers of glycemia and other CGM metrics did not substantially increase the prediction of pregnancy outcomes compared with widely available HbA1c and increasingly available CGM metrics (TIR and TAR).
Perceptions of stakeholders regarding the foundation course
Authors: Yograj Sabita , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Bhat Anjali Nadir , Badyal Dinesh Kumar , Arora Arushi , Arora Arun 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
Medical education is an ever-changing field with the need for hour. Patient-doctor relationships are continuously evolving with increasing awareness of the patients. This study aims to determine the perceptions of stakeholders (students, faculty and administrators) about the new foundation course implemented by MCI in all medical colleges in India from batch 2019 to 2020 onwards.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 90 Phase-I MBBS students, 38 faculty members and 15 administrators involved in conducting the foundation course. All stakeholders answered an open-ended questionnaire. Data were converted to percentages and analysed.

Results:
Students reported improvement in communication skills and knowledge about ethics concerning to medical practice. They also reported improved interaction with the faculty. Their perceptions were confirmed by other stakeholders. The foundation course was rated by two-third of administrators and half of the faculty between 80% and 90%, while one-third of students between 70% and 80%.

Conclusion:
The impact of the foundation course on Indian Medical Graduate training has a long way to go, the beginning seems to be promising in the form of achievement of short-term outcomes indicated in this study, it appears that soon the intermediate and long-term outcomes will also be achieved, leading to a better health-care system.
IS SPACE AN ABSTRACT CONCEPT OR MATERIAL REALITY?
Authors: Самсонов Владимир Михайлович , Петров Евгений Кузьмич 
Published: January 2021

Представлен критический анализ различных вариантов субстанциальной и реляционной концепций пространства. Предложена собственная концепция пространства, названная абстрактно-математической или реляционной в широком смысле. В соответствии с этой концепцией все другие, адекватные, на наш взгляд, концепции, включая эмпирические и геометрические, сознательно или интуитивно «привязаны» к некоторому множеству, между элементами которого заданы определенные отношения, например метрические. Сделан и обоснован вывод о том, что интерпретации пространства как некоторой материальной или нематериальной деформируемой среды являются физически неадекватными.
A critical analysis is presented of various variants of the substantial and relational concepts of space and time. Our own concept of space, called abstract-mathematical or relational in a broad sense, is proposed. In accordance with this concept, all other adequate, in our opinion, ones, including empirical and geometric, are consciously or intuitively «tied» to a certain set, between the elements of which some relations are prescribed, for example metric ones. A conclusion is made and substantiated that any interpretation of space as some material or non-material deformable medium is physically inadequate.
Diuréticos: uso clínico racional
Authors: Santacruz Cristóbal 
Published: January 2021

Much has progressed since 1919, a nurse discovered the diuretic effect of organic mercurial, drugs that were used as antisiphilitic. Actually we have drugs of different natriuretic power, remembering that alike power grows so does the collateral effects, and risks for the patient.
Being the oedema a clinic manifestation result of the varied ethiologiess, its logic to think that just the solution for the basic sickness, will revert to the psysiopathologic mechanism of the oedema, that other-sides is no more than a homeostatic mechanism of bodies defense.
Any ways the expected result is not always obtained, not even the needed time when we treat at the botton the pathologies. Then is when, this drugs appears like an assorted auxiliary medicines when used under criterion and knowledge of its limitations.
But, in the actual days, this drugs have found a several clinic applications, that independ of the natriuretic action.
However, we think that exist a tendency to over-prescribe the use of these drugs, without think that sometimes will be better to have a patient with a slight periferic oedema that a dry patient with a circulant volume decreased and ectopic ventricular activities.