bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(RE)INVENÇÕES CURRICULARES E COTIDIANAS: A DIVERSIDADE POSTA EM PRÁTICA
Authors: Mattos Maria Alice Garcia de , Cruz Cláudia Gomes , Raia Ana Lúcia da Silva , Gomes Mônica da Silva 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo destacar a relevância de personalidades negras adentrarem o currículo escolar a fim de diversificá-lo tendo em vista que a maioria de personalidades e autores propagados cânones é composta por sujeitos não negros. O percurso metodológico se constituiu no levantamento bibliográfico das obras e biografias de personalidades apontadas pelo texto, bem como na análise da bibliografia que trata da temática curricular com vistas à decolonialidade e à Educação antirracista. Entendendo que a consideração com a diversidade étnico-racial é um princípio do ensino previsto na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/96, visamos, com este trabalho, compreender a importância de esta não ficar restrita aos discursos, mas se apresentar nas ações cotidianas que se estabelecem nos espaços escolares. Para tanto, apresentaremos alguns exemplos de personalidades negras e suas respectivas contribuições para ratificar o que Gomes (2012) salienta sobre a necessidade de descolonizar o pensamento e, consequentemente, os currículos escolares.
Symptom Management in Palliative Medicine
Authors: Selvaggi Kathy J , Abrahm Janet L 
Published: January 2021

Palliative care is an interdisciplinary specialty focused on providing comfort, communication, and support for patients, families, and professional caregivers throughout the course of a life-limiting illness. This chapter discusses assessment and treatment of symptoms and disorders that commonly contribute to patient distress during these illnesses: pain, disorders of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, skin disorders, hot flashes, fatigue, pruritis, insomnia, and delirium. This chapter reviews care of the imminently dying patient, discusses methods for assessing patients' symptoms, and provides two examples of valid and reliable symptom measurement systems: the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Achieving symptom control requires the physician to assess patient suffering in all dimensions: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The extent of the assessment may be modified, however, based on patients’ prognosis as well as their goals and the burden and benefit of the diagnostic intervention. A 10-step protocol for terminal wean is presented. Signs that patients are entering their final days and symptom management in the last hours of a patient's life are discussed. Tables list the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale; the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale; the DOLOPLUS-2 scale (behavioral pain assessment in the elderly); relative potencies of commonly used opioids; conversions between the transdermal fentanyl patch and morphine; symptomatic treatment for dyspnea, cough, and hiccups; pharmacologic treatment of nausea and vomiting; a progressive bowel regimen for patients receiving opioid therapy; treatments for constipation; etiology-based treatment for oral problems; risk factors for pressure ulcers; and applicable medications for physical and psychological sources of distress near the end of life.
This review contains 12 tables and 120 references
Management of the Burn Wound
Authors: Gibran Nicole S. , Sterling Jose P. , Heimbach David M. 
Published: January 2021

Current approaches to burn management are based on an understanding of the biology and physiology of human skin and the pathophysiology of the burn wound. The clinical evaluation and initial care of a burn wound is described and includes an assessment of burn depth, determining the need for escharatomy and daily burn wound care. Burns can be topical or surgical. Topical burn wounds require choice in the use of antibiotics. Considerations and techniques for surgical burn wound management are described and include early excision and grafting, wound excision, skin grafting, graft and donor-site dressings, postoperative wound care, biologic dressings and skin substitutes, allograft and xenograft skin, cultured epidermal autografts, and skin substitutes. Figures show the two distinct layers of the skin, various types of burns, and both fascial and tangential excision of burn wounds.
This review contains 12 figures, 11 tables, and 61 references.
Keywords: Burn wound, graft, partial-thickness, full-thickness, dermis, epidermis, sloughing, dressing
Productivity Benefits of Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Australia: A 10-Year Analysis
Authors: Menon Kirthi , de Courten Barbora , Liew Danny , Ademi Zanfina , Owen Alice J. , Magliano Dianna J. , Zomer Ella 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes imposes a heavy burden on both health and productivity. In this study, we sought to estimate the potential productivity gains associated with the prevention of type 2 diabetes over the next 10 years in Australia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Dynamic life table models were constructed to estimate years of life lived and productivity-adjusted life-years (PALYs) lived by Australians aged 20–69 years over the period from 2020 to 2029. The models distinguished people with and without type 2 diabetes. PALYs were ascribed a financial value equivalent to gross domestic product (GDP) per full-time worker in Australia (∼200,000 Australian dollars [AUD]). The model simulation was first undertaken assuming currently expected trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and then repeated assuming hypothetically that the incidence was reduced. The difference between the modeled outputs reflected the impact of new cases of type 2 diabetes on productivity as well as the potential benefits of prevention. An annual 5% discount rate was applied to all outcomes.

RESULTS
Over the next decade, 140 million years of life and 87 million PALYs will be lived by Australians of working age, contributing AUD 18.0 trillion to the country’s GDP. A 10% reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes would result in a gain of 2,510 PALYs and AUD 532 million in GDP.

CONCLUSIONS
This study illustrates the health and economic impact of type 2 diabetes and the gains that could be potentially achieved from the implementation of effective prevention strategies. However, cost-effectiveness evaluations of these prevention strategies are needed.
Thirty-Year Trends in Complications in U.S. Adults With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fang Michael , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of and trends in complications among U.S. adults with newly diagnosed diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 1,486 nonpregnant adults (aged ≥20 years) with newly diagnosed diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years) from the 1988–1994 and 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We estimated trends in albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2), retinopathy (any retinal microaneurysms or blot hemorrhages), and self-reported cardiovascular disease (history of congestive heart failure, heart attack, or stroke).

RESULTS
From 1988–1994 to 2011–2018, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of albuminuria (38.9 to 18.7%, P for trend &lt;0.001) but no change in the prevalence of reduced eGFR (7.5 to 9.9%, P for trend = 0.30), retinopathy (1988–1994 to 1999–2008 only; 13.2 to 12.1%, P for trend = 0.86), or self-reported cardiovascular disease (19.0 to 16.5%, P for trend = 0.64). There were improvements in glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in the population, and these partially explained the decline in albuminuria. Complications were more common at the time of diabetes diagnosis for adults who were older, lower income, less educated, and obese.

CONCLUSIONS
Over the past three decades, there have been encouraging reductions in albuminuria and risk factor control in adults with newly diagnosed diabetes. However, the overall burden of complications around the time of the diagnosis remains high.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA TERHADAP PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA BUAH PEPAYA
Authors: Awaludin Muhammad Asep , Efri Efri , Sudiono Sudiono 
Published: January 2021

Pepaya merupakan tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai fungisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap pertumbuhan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides secara in-vitro dan intensitas penyakit antraknosa pada buah pepaya secara in-vivo. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam selanjutnya nilai tengah dibandingkan dan diuji dengan uji beda nyata terkecil pada taraf 5% dan uji polinomial pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata dari ekstrak daun pepaya dan fungisida sintetik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni C. gloeosporioides, keterjadian penyakit, dan laju perkembangan penyakit antraknosa pada buah pepaya. Ekstrak daun pepaya menunjukan pola yang linier dari hasil uji polinomial terhadap diameter koloni C. gloeosporioides dan laju perkembangan penyakit. Ekstrak daun pepaya menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides pada 2 sampai 7 hsi (hari setelah inokulasi), keterjadian penyakit pada 5 dan 6 hsa (hari setelah aplikasi), maupun laju perkembangan penyakit antraknosa pada buah pepaya. Tetapi ekstrak daun pepaya tidak menghambat kerapatan spora, perkecambahan spora, dan keparahan penyakit.
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN N JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP RESPIRASI TANAH PADA PERTANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) DI LAHAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI LAMPUNG TAHUN KE-29
Authors: Putri Dwi Anggraini , Yusnaini Sri , Utomo Muhajir , Niswati Ainin 
Published: January 2021

Respirasi tanah merupakan indikator penting pada suatu ekosistem, meliputi seluruh aktivitas mikroorganisme yang berkenan dengan proses metabolisme di dalam tanah, dekomposisi bahan organik dalam tanah, dan konversi bahan organik tanah menjadi CO2.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem olah tanah terhadap respirasi tanah, mempelajari pengaruh pemupukan N terhadap respirasi tanah, mempelajari interaksi Sistem Olah Tanah pemupukan N terhadap respirasi tanah.Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah sistem olah tanah (T) yaitu T0= Tanpa Olah Tanah dan T1= Olah Tanah Intensif, faktor kedua adalah pemupukan nitrogen jangka panjang (N) yaitu N0= 0 kg N/ha dan N1= 50 kg N/ha.Data ini dianalisis menggunakan anara dilanjutkan uji BNT taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respirasi tanah pada olah tanah intensif lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa olah tanah pada pengamatan H+6, H+18,H+54dan H+72 namun, tidak pada pengamatan H+2 dan H+4, respirasi tanah pada pemupukan N lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa pemupukan N, tidak terjadi interaksi antara sistem olah tanah dan pemupukan N dalam meningkatkan respirasi tanah.
GENDER PERSPEKTIF INTERPRETASI TEKS DAN KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Akmaliyah Akmaliyah , Khomisah Khomisah 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana konstruksi bias gender dalam perspektif tafsir dan realitas yang telah sekian lama melembaga dan legal di tengah-tengah masyarakat, baik yang meliputi metode penafsiran bias gender, penafsiran ayat-ayat bias gender, serta tekstual dan kontekstual. Pembahasan ini tentunya bertujuan sebagai ventilasi dan ruang gerak yang bebas dalam interpretasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an sebagai kontekstualitas ajaran-ajaran Islam agar selaras dengan perkembangan zaman bagi para muffasir kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dalam lingkup kajian pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa konstruksi bias gender dalam perspektif penafsiran dan realita menghasilkan tatanan di mana laki-laki selalu dicitrakan dalam posisi yang unggul hampir dalam sejarah Muslim, sementara perempuan selalu berada dalam citra yang lemah dengan didukung oleh penafsiran ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits yang bersifat misoginis secara harfiah, naratif, dan legal.
Speech Acts in ILC (Indonesia Lawyers Club) Talk Show Program
Authors: S Lisna Rifkadiana , Gurning Busmin . , Zein T. Thyrhaya 
Published: January 2021

This study was concerned with the use of speech acts in ILC (Indonesia Lawyers Club) Talk show program. The objective of this study was to describe the types of speech acts used by the host and the guests of ILC. Qualitative content analysis method was applied in this study. The sources of data were the host and the guests in ILC. The data of the study were the sentences and the phrases gathered from the conversation in the episodes of ILC. The finding of this study showed that four types of speech acts, namely rex`x` presentative, directive, commissive, and expressive were used by the host and the guests of ILC, while declarative speech act was not found at all in the episodes of that talk show program. The dominant type of speech act used by the host was directive, while the guests dominantly used representative speech act. Keywords: Speech Acts, Indonesia Lawyers Club, Talk Show Program. Conversation
Translation of Cultural Terms in Mirah of Banda Novel
Authors: Padang Nurfitriani . , . Sumarsih . , Pulungan Anni Holila 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis research, entitled Translation of Cultural Terms in Mirah of Banda Novel, deals with the analysis analysis of the translation of cultural terms in the novel. The main objectives of the study were to answer the research problems under study; which is to identify categories of cultural terms which found in the novel,Mirah of Banda . The data were collected from Mirah dari Banda, as the SL; and Mirah of Banda, as the TL, by applying documentation method of close-reading and note-taking technique. Then, the data was classified into some groups according to their categories and displayed in table. The data was descriptively analyzed based on theories from Newmark to find out the answer of the research problems. The result of the data analysis shows that there were six categories of cultural words in Mirah of Banda Novel namely (1) ecology (2) material culture, (3) social culture, (4) custom, concept,( 5) gestures and habits and (6) Indonesian metaphor and Indonesian metaphor was the new categories found besides the prior categories which is proposed by Newmark. In detail, it is dominated of ecology in 33.75% (27 data), material culture 25.00% (20 data), social culture 23.75% (19 data), custom 6, 25% (5 data), concept 6. 25% (5 data),gestures and habits 1. 25 % (1 datum), and Indonesian Metaphor 3.75% (3 data) and The cultural words in Mirah of Banda Novel were translated by applying ten strategies, namely: transference (12%), cultural equivalent (2,5%), functional equivalent (10%), descriptive equivalent (2,5%), synonymy (20%), through translation (22,5%), modulation (6, 25%),compensation (5%), couplet (1, 25%), as a new strategy, trope change (3,75%)Keywords: Translation, Cultural Terms, Mirah of Banda Novel,Concept
Modern approach to the history of financial law development in Russia and abroad
Authors: Eremin S. G. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Based on a modern approach, the article provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts that have influenced the history of financial law development both in Russia and abroad. Financial law in addition is studied as an independent object of scientific interest both in retrospect and in the context of the statics and dynamics of modern scientific knowledge.Materials and methods. The article is based on such techniques as: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, analogy, and others. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientific and special legal methods: systemstructural, method of dogmatic analysis, method of interpretation of legal norms, method of legal and technical construction, comparative legal, formal legal, logical method, etc.Results. The analysis showed that the formation of financial law, both in Russia and abroad, is related to the emergence of monetary (exchange) operations and the emergence of a state. The sources of financial law that have come down to our days have changed, transformed, and formed new ones. The creation of a new financial system of the state is associated with the implementation of the state’s functions for creating and managing financial resources without delegating the relevant authority to anyone.Discussion and conclusion. The study showed that the formation of financial law as an Autonomous branch of law was predetermined by the emergence and development of such fundamental elements of economic relations as taxes, budget, money, etc. Social relations that were previously regulated by financial law are gaining new features. This is primarily related to the formation of market relations. This fact should be taken into account when developing new rules in future sources of financial law in order to achieve the most effective impact on public relations
From the name dispute to the Prespa agreement: the relations between Greece and North Macedonia
Authors: Erdoğan S. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The name dispute dominated the relations between Greece and the Republic of Macedonia approximately three decades. It was coined as one of the world’s chronical unresolved issues. During the long lifespan of the conflict, there were some moments of hope for a solution, as well as disappointments stemming from the rising tension between the parties. Some of these developments bringing a new mentality to the dispute can be labelled as the turning points. In the current state of affairs, the dispute has been going through a new phase since the signature of the Prespa Agreement between Greece and North Macedonia in 2018.Materials and Methods: The article is providing a historical analysis of the name dispute. The development of the name dispute, from its beginning till its current state of affairs, is analysed under the guidance of the previous studies conducted on the subject and with references to the discourses of the leading political actors.Results: The name dispute is elaborated by focusing on the key turning points. After the emergence of the conflict, the interim accord of 1995 and 2008 NATO Bucharest meeting and the Prespa Agreement are determined as the turning points of the dispute.Discussions and Conclusions: The article concludes that it is too early to declare the final end of the name dispute by concentrating on the Prespa Agreement, symbolizing the final consensus between the parties of the dispute. Despite the rising hopes after the Prespa Agreement, the historical lifespan of the name dispute leads us to consider the fact that the willingness of the disputing parties to stay committed to the agreement will be definitive in terms of the future of the relations between Greece and Macedonia.
Hubungan Pemberian Ekstrak Cordyline fruticosa L.A Cheval Terhadap Penurunan Kolesterol Tikus Putih
Authors: Rahmawati Dian 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of cordyline fruticose leaves in reducing total cholesterol levels of male white rats. This study used 30 male white rats which were divided into 6 treatment groups, each groups consistent of 5 test animals. Group I was normal control, group II was negative control (High cholesterol died and streptozotocin 30 mg/kgBW, group III was positive control (Simvastatin suspension), group IV, V, VI were each given an ethanol extract of cordyline fruticose leaves at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 150 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW for 14 consecutive days. Measurements of analyzed using a one-way statistical test (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to analyze differences between the groups. The result showed that the ethanol extract of cordyline fruticose leaves at a dose 200 mg/kgBW was able to reduce total cholesterol levels in white rats with cholesterol level of 39 mg/dL.
Keywords: High fat feed, Cordyline fruticosa, Cholesterol.
Formulasi Dan Uji Efektivitas Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Salep Ekstrak Metanol Bunga Ginje (Thevetia Peruviana) Terhadap Kelinci Jantan New Zealand White
Authors: Megawati Sefi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK
Bunga ginje merupakan tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang bekerja dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat formulasi salep ekstrak bunga ginje (Thevetia Peruviana) dan uji efektivitas penyembuhan luka sayat pada punggung kelinci jantan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental. Pembuatan formulasi salep menggunakan ekstrak bunga Ginje dengan menggunakan hewan uji sebanyak 5 (lima) ekor dengan 6 (enam) kelompok perlakuan, yaitu salep ekstrak bunga Ginje 2,5 %, salep ekstrak bunga Ginje 5 %, salep ekstrak bunga Ginje 7,5 %, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan luka tanpa perlakuan. Semua kelinci dilukai sepanjang 2 cm dengan kedalaman 0,1 cm. Luka diolesi 3 kali dalam sehari dengan salep yang di uji. Pengamatan luka dilakukan setiap hari (hari ke-0 sampai ke-12). Semua data kuantitatif diuji secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA (Analisys Of Varian) sedangkan data kualitatif disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan formulasi salep ekstrak bunga Ginje memenuhi persyaratan uji salep, mengalami penyempitan luka, membentuk keropeng dan menutup luka. Hasil uji statistik memberikan efek signifikan terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci jantan, yaitu (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pembuatan salep ekstrak bunga Ginje menghasilkan sediaan salep yang memenuhi syarat dan konsentrasi 2,5 %, 5 % dan 7,5 % memberikan efektifitas penyembuhan luka sayat pada kelinci jantan.
Kata kunci: Salep, Ekstrak, Bunga Ginje, penyembuhan luka, kelinci jantan.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak etanol Daun Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Dengan Metode 1, 1 Difenil-2-Pikrihidrazil (DPPH)
Authors: Setyawati Herni 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is one of the herbal plants from Indonesia. Kratom plants have several benefits overcoming diarrhea, increase endurance, and deal with pain. Kratom leaf has several pharmacological effects, one of which is antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of kratom leaf ethanol extract using the 1.1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method expressed by IC50 values. Kratom leaves were extracted by the 3x24 hour remaceration method using 70% ethanol solvent, then concentrated with a rotary evaporator at 40 ° C, followed by an oven at a temperature (40-50) ° C to obtain a thick extract. Kratom leaf extract contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins,and saponins. The antioxidant activity test was carried out with qualitative and quantitative tests.The qualitative antioxidant test was carried out using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7: 3) eluent, followed by DPPH spraying,which showed positive results giving antioxidant activity. The quantitative test for antioxidants was carried out using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method using a SpectrophotometerUV-Vis with vitamin C as a comparison. The quantitative antioxidant test was carried out using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method with vitamin C as a comparison. The results of antioxidant activity testing of kratom leaf ethanol extract showed an IC50 value of 91.86 ppm,so that it was included as a powerful antioxidant group.
Keywords:Antioxidant,DPPH,Ethanol, IC50,Mitragyna speciosa.