bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic challenges of focal nodular hyperplasia: interobserver variability, accuracy, and the utility of glutamine synthetase immunohistochemistry
Authors: Rowan Daniel J , Allende Daniela S , Bellizzi Andrew M , Gill Ryan M , Liu Xiuli , McKenzie Catriona A , Moreira Roger K , Mounajjed Taofic , Said Samar , Westerhoff Maria , Jenkins Sarah M , Batts Kenneth P , Burgart Lawrence J , Lamps Laura W , Graham Rondell P 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the interpretation of glutamine synthetase (GS) staining can be challenging on biopsies. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of needle biopsy diagnosis of FNH, the effect of GS immunohistochemistry on FNH diagnosis, and which histological features are most useful for the diagnosis of FNH.Methods and resultsThe study included virtual needle biopsies generated from 75 resection specimens (30 FNHs, 15 hepatocellular adenomas, 15 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 15 non‐lesional liver specimens). Pathologists were reasonably accurate (83.1%) in the diagnosis of FNH with haematoxylin and eosin alone. Ductular reaction and nodularity had the highest sensitivity for a diagnosis of FNH (88.1% and 82.2%, respectively), whereas central scar was the most specific feature (90.6%). The presence of two or more of the classic histological features had 89.6% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity for a diagnosis of FNH. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher with the addition of a GS stain. A map‐like GS staining pattern was highly specific (99.3%) for FNH. However, GS staining was interpreted as non‐map‐like in 14.4% of reviews of true FNH cases, and overall interobserver agreement for interpretation of the GS staining pattern was only moderate (kappa = 0.42).ConclusionsPathologists are reasonably accurate in the diagnosis of FNH on virtual biopsies, and GS staining improves accuracy. However, a subset of FNH cases remain challenging. Steatosis and a pseudo‐map‐like GS staining pattern were associated with increased difficulty. Therefore, although a map‐like GS staining pattern is useful for confirmation of a diagnosis, the lack of a map‐like GS staining pattern on needle biopsy does not necessarily exclude a diagnosis of FNH.
High‐temperature strength of liquid‐phase‐sintered silicon carbide ceramics: A review
Authors: Maity Taraknath , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a promising ceramic material for high‐temperature structural applications, owing to its high flexural strength and room temperature (RT) strength retention ability at elevated temperatures (≥1400°C). This study reviews the influence of critical factors (grain‐boundary structure, additive composition, additive content, microstructure, and testing atmosphere) on the RT strength retention at high temperatures and the high‐temperature strength of LPS‐SiC ceramics. The review suggests that (1) the minimization of additive content and careful selection of additive composition are crucial for achieving high flexural strength and excellent RT strength retention at ≥1500°C, and (2) additive compositions without Al compounds exhibit great potential to achieve excellent RT strength retention at ≥1500°C.
How to craft humorous advertisements across diverse cultures? Multi‐country insights from Brazilian, Chinese and American consumers
Authors: Zhu Ying , Lynette Wang Valerie , Wang Yong J. , Wei Joicey J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn today's multicultural environment, the influence of cultural orientations on humorous advertising outcomes is increasingly significant for researchers and practitioners. Drawing on a theoretical framework from culture dimensions and theories of humour in advertising, this research examines the moderating role of cultural orientation on the relationship between humour styles and consumers' attitudes towards humorous ads. Empirical results from studies conducted in Brazil, China and the United States show that uncertainty avoidance moderates the effect of cognition‐evoking humorous ads on consumers' responses to the ads, while individualism–collectivism moderates the effect of affect‐evoking humorous ads on these responses. Specifically, consumers from countries with high uncertainty avoidance (e.g., Brazil) have more favourable attitudes towards and perceive greater humour from cognition‐evoking humorous ads with closure than those from countries with low uncertainty avoidance (e.g., China, United States). In addition, consumers from collectivist countries (e.g., China, Brazil) have more favourable attitudes towards and perceive greater humour from affect‐evoking humorous ads with closure than do those from individualist countries (e.g., United States).
Inhibiting Brd4 alleviated PTSD‐like behaviors and fear memory through regulating immediate early genes expression and neuroinflammation in rats
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Rui , Jiang Zhijun , Li Haonan , Zhu Zemeng , Khalid Arslan , Liu Dexiang , Pan Fang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by depression/anxiety and memory failure, primarily fear memory. According to the reports, neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity can play a role in the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying PTSD. Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (Brd4) intriguingly affects regulating of inflammatory responses and learning and memory. This study aimed to explore the effect of inhibiting Brd4 on depression/anxiety‐like behaviors, spatial and fear memory, and underlying mechanisms in a model of PTSD. Inescapable foot shocks (IFS) with a sound reminder in 6 days were used to induce PTSD‐like behaviors which were tested using contextual and cue fear tests, sucrose preference test, open‐field test, elevated plus maze test, and Y‐maze test. Meanwhile, the Brd4 inhibitor JQ1 was used as an intervention. The results found that IFS induced PTSD‐like behaviors and indicated obvious Brd4 expression in microglia of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala, pro‐inflammatory cytokines over‐expression, microglial activation, and nuclear factor‐kappa B over‐expression in PFC and hippocampus but not in amygdala. Meanwhile, the alterations of immediate early genes (IEGs) were found in PFC, hippocampus, and amygdala. Besides, dendritic spine density was reduced in PFC and hippocampus but was elevated in amygdala of rats with IFS. In addition, treatment with JQ1 significantly reduced freezing time in the contextual and cue fear test, reversed the behavioral impairment, decreased the elevated neuroinflammation, and normalized the alteration in IEGs and dendritic spine densities. The results suggested that Brd4 was involved in IFS‐induced PTSD‐like behaviors through regulating neuroinflammation, dynamics of IEGs, and synaptic plasticity.
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Neurobiological substrates underlying corpus callosum hypoconnectivity and brain metabolic patterns in the valproic acid rat model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Uccelli Nonthué Alejandra , Codagnone Martín Gabriel , Traetta Marianela Evelyn , Levanovich Nadia , Rosato Siri María Victoria , Urrutia Leandro , Falasco Germán , Vázquez Silvia , Pasquini Juana María , Reinés Analía Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtypical connectivity between brain regions and altered structure of the corpus callosum (CC) in imaging studies supports the long‐distance hypoconnectivity hypothesis proposed for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to unveil the CC ultrastructural and cellular changes employing the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. Male Wistar rats were exposed to VPA (450 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (control) during gestation (embryonic day 10.5), and maturation, exploration, and social behavior were subsequently tested. Myelin content, ultrastructure, and oligodendroglial lineage were studied in the CC at post‐natal days 15 (infant) and 36 (juvenile). As a functional outcome, brain metabolic activity was determined by positron emission tomography. Concomitantly with behavioral deficits in juvenile VPA rats, the CC showed reduced myelin basic protein, conserved total number of axons, reduced percentage of myelinated axons, and aberrant and less compact arrangements of myelin sheath ultrastructure. Mature oligodendrocytes decreased and oligodendrocyte precursors increased in the absence of astrogliosis or microgliosis. In medial prefrontal and somatosensory cortices of juvenile VPA rats, myelin ultrastructure and oligodendroglial lineage were preserved. VPA animals exhibited global brain hypometabolism and local hypermetabolism in brain regions relevant for ASD. In turn, the CC of infant VPA rats showed reduced myelin content but preserved oligodendroglial lineage. Our findings indicate that CC hypomyelination is established during infancy and prior to oligodendroglial pattern alterations, which suggests that axon–oligodendroglia communication could be compromised in VPA animals. Thus, CC hypomyelination may underlie white matter alterations and contribute to atypical patterns of connectivity and metabolism found in ASD.
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Who's in, who's out? Re‐evaluation of lipid raft residents
Authors: Mlinac‐Jerkovic Kristina , Ilic Katarina , Zjalić Milorad , Mandić Dario , Debeljak Željko , Balog Marta , Damjanović Vladimir , Maček Hrvat Nikolina , Habek Nikola , Kalanj‐Bognar Svjetlana , Schnaar Ronald L. , Heffer Marija 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLipid rafts, membrane microdomains enriched with (glyco)sphingolipids, cholesterol, and select proteins, act as cellular signalosomes. Various methods have been used to separate lipid rafts from bulk (non‐raft) membranes, but most often, non‐ionic detergent Triton X‐100 has been used in their isolation. However, Triton X‐100 is a reported disruptor of lipid rafts. Histological evidence confirmed raft disruption by Triton X‐100, but remarkably revealed raft stability to treatment with a related polyethylene oxide detergent, Brij O20. We report isolation of detergent‐resistant membranes from mouse brain using Brij O20 and its use to determine the distribution of major mammalian brain gangliosides, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. A different distribution of gangliosides—classically used as a raft marker—was discovered using Brij O20 versus Triton X‐100. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass spectrometry confirm the results. Use of Brij O20 results in a distinctive membrane distribution of gangliosides that is not all lipid raft associated, but depends on the ganglioside structure. This is the first report of a significant proportion of gangliosides outside raft domains. We also determined the distribution of proteins functionally related to neuroplasticity and known to be affected by ganglioside environment, glutamate receptor subunit 2, amyloid precursor protein and neuroplastin and report the lipid raft populations of these proteins in mouse brain tissue. This work will enable more accurate lipid raft analysis with respect to glycosphingolipid and membrane protein composition and lead to improved resolution of lipid–protein interactions within biological membranes.image
Is intravesical prostatic protrusion associated with more complications in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients?
Authors: Eze Balantine Ugochukwu , Ani Chinenye Obiageli , Mbaeri Timothy Uzoma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveIntravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a noninvasive parameter that can predict disease progression and development of complications in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study was to determine the relationship between IPP and the presence of complications in BPH patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of BPH patients at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Patients were assessed for acute urinary retention (AUR), chronic urinary retention (CUR), epididymoorchitis, hematuria, hernia, urinary tract infection (UTI), serum creatinine, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). They also had abdominal ultrasonography assessments for IPP, total prostate volume, bladder wall thickness (BWT), postvoid residual (PVR), hydronephrosis, bladder diverticulum, and urolithiasis using Sonoscape S11 with an abdominal‐probe frequency of 3.5 MHz. IPP was measured in millimeter and divided into <10 mm and ≥10 mm. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and were subjected to 1‐way analysis of variance, chi‐square test, and Pearson correlation. The odds ratios of development of complications at an IPP cutoff of 10 mm were calculated. P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 118 patients with a mean age of 64.18 ± 10.96 years and a mean IPP of 14.29 ± 10.20 mm were included. Forty‐eight patients had IPP < 10 mm and seventy patients ≥10 mm. Patients with IPP ≥10 mm had significantly higher mean BWT, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), PSA, and PVR (P ≤ .05) and significantly more AUR, CUR, hematuria, hydronephrosis, and UTI (P ≤ .01).ConclusionPatients with IPP ≥ 10 mm have a significantly higher incidence of some complications.
Valganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Henry Molly , Leick Mary , Florescu Diana F. , Keck Megan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic infection post‐transplant and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no FDA dosing recommendations for the use of valganciclovir for the treatment of CMV infections in pediatric patients. This case series describes the use of valganciclovir for the treatment of CMV infections in nine pediatric intestinal transplant recipients (pITR).MethodsRetrospective review of pITR between January 2004 and December 2016. The primary outcome was resolution of CMV viremia. Secondary outcomes included time‐to‐resolution of viremia, relapse rate, incidence of resistance, hematologic adverse effects, rejection, graft loss, and death.ResultsOf 214 pITR, ten CMV infections were treated with valganciclovir. One patient was lost to follow‐up while on treatment and was not included. Eight (89%) patients had resolution of CMV viremia. The average dose of valganciclovir was 14.3mg/kg (SD 0.82) twice daily. CMV resistance testing was completed in three (33.3%) patients; one patient had a documented mutation requiring leflunomide to clear viremia. Three (33.3%) patients experienced rejection within one month prior to or during treatment for CMV. Six (66.6%) experienced hematologic side effects. No patients died or experienced graft loss.ConclusionThis is the first study to assess the use of valganciclovir for the treatment of CMV in pITR. Based on these results, weight‐based dosing of valganciclovir seems to be an appropriate option for the treatment of CMV in pITR. Given limited number of patients reviewed in this case series and the high incidence of hematologic side effects, further investigation is warranted.
Devonian–Early Carboniferous thrust tectonics in the Old Red Sandstone Molasse Basin, North‐East Greenland
Authors: Guarnieri Pierpaolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn East Greenland, sedimentation during the Middle Devonian‐earliest Carboniferous interval was characterized by the Old Red Sandstone Molasse Basin deposits. The continental succession recorded folding and intrabasinal unconformities associated with the activation of extensional detachments and core complex formation which post‐dated high‐P granulite facies metamorphism at c. 403 Ma. The extensional collapse responsible for the initiation of the Devonian basin and associated bimodal magmatism must be understood in the context of continued continental convergence during the Early Carboniferous, required by ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism in North‐East Greenland at c. 355 Ma. Along a small nunatak within the Wordie Gletscher in Payer Land, NE Greenland (lat. 74°N), Precambrian gneisses recording Devonian granulite‐facies metamorphism are in tectonic contact with the molasse deposits along an ESE‐ward dipping thrust fault: the Scotstounhill Thrust. This paper will discuss the role of Devonian contractional structures and contemporaneous extensional faulting and present a new tectonic model that accounts for the exhumation of deep crustal rocks by these coupled mechanisms.
Three-Dimensional Force Perception of Robotic Bipolar Forceps for Brain Tumor Resection
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Heng , Zhang Heng , Li Zhen , Bian Gui-Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional force perception is critically important in the enhancement of human force perception to minimize brain injuries resulting from excessive forces applied by surgical instruments in robot-assisted brain tumor resection. And surgeons are not responsive enough to interpret tool-tissue interaction forces. In previous studies, various force measurement techniques have been published. In neurosurgical scenarios, there are still some drawbacks to these presented approaches to forces perception. Because of the narrow, and slim configuration of bipolar forceps, three-dimensional contact forces on forceps tips are not easy to be traced in real-time. Five fundamental acts of handling bipolar forceps are poking, opposing, pressing, opening, and closing. The first three acts independently correspond to the axial force of z, x, y. So, in this paper, typical interactions between bipolar forceps and brain tissues have been analyzed. A three-dimensional force perception technique to collect force data on bipolar forceps tips by installing three fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) on each prong of bipolar forceps in real-time is proposed. Experiments using a tele-neurosurgical robot were performed on an in vitro pig brain. In the experiments, three-dimensional forces were tracked in real-time. It is possible to experience forces at a minimum of 0.01 N. The three-dimensional force perception range is 0–4 N. The calibrating resolution on x, y, and z, is 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 N, separately. According to our observation, the measurement accuracy precision is over 95%.
Proactive Human Error Reduction Using the Systems Engineering Process
Authors: Corrado Jonathan K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many existing simple systems are incapable of meeting current demand and are quickly becoming obsolete, indicating that more challenging systems and designs will exist in the future. If new technologies are not implemented correctly, human error in operation can quickly manifest. The pattern of human performance degradation when novel technologies are introduced has been found in a wide range of endeavors. For example, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident was a consequence of unanticipated interaction of multiple failures in a system of immense complexity in addition to inadequate training and human factors, such as human–computer interaction design oversight relating to ambiguous control room indicators. To combat the negative effects, advancing technologies may have on plant operations; this study discusses several concepts: operator involvement in the systems engineering process; human performance integration with system operational requirements and system testing, evaluation, and validation; and procedures and training development in the systems engineering process. The isolation and bolstering of human performance improvement within the systems engineering process pose a novel approach to moderating human error associated with incorporating advanced technology in nuclear facilities.
Utilization of Self-Consolidating Concrete Technology for Large Placements in New Nuclear Construction: A Study on Self-Consolidating Concrete Stability and Constructability
Authors: Haranki Boris , Dilek Ufuk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), in a large-scale placement during new nuclear plant construction. SCC has provided cost and labor savings and construction process improvements. Use of SCC has been effective in schedule acceleration by reducing placement durations and early curing termination with rapid strength gain. Self-consolidating properties were particularly of value at placements of poor access as internal vibrators were not effective and large surface area made form vibrators ineffective beyond the perimeter. This paper provides a discussion of technical challenges encountered in development of a properly functioning SCC mixture, and testing performed to overcome these challenges. The paper discusses the engineering considerations and laboratory and field trials preparing for a 3950 m3 placement for the base of a nuclear plant. The placement was anticipated to take 35 h at 110 m3/h batch plant output. Overview of mix design specifications and mix development is provided. The mixture satisfied the laboratory test parameters including SCC tests; stability and column segregation. However, the mixture had to undergo rounds of constructability testing beyond laboratory development prior to the large placement. Among the constructability properties was the distance SCC will move with the stone before stopping. A long trough was filled as a mockup for and subsequently cored. The number of pumps and pump nozzle placement spacing was determined as a result. Slump flow retention as the polycarboxylate loses effectiveness and foaming of the mixture when pumped were also investigated. Foaming was attributed to viscosity, air entrainer, and pump pressures or rate of pumping. Laboratory trials with various admixtures and pumping studies in the field were conducted to achieve a mixture that retains slump flow and can be pumped at the desired rates without instability or excessive foaming. The placement was completed successfully in 35 h over multiple shifts.
Quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography following living donor liver transplantation: early diagnosis of middle hepatic venous occlusion
Authors: Im Jiun , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Lee Min Woo , Kim Young Kon , Min Ji Hye , Kim Jong Man , Choi Gyu Seong , Joh Jae Won 
Published: June 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether a quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) study is feasible to diagnose middle hepatic venous occlusion after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).Materials and methods: From December 2018 to July 2019, the CEUS study on the first postoperative day had been conducted in patients who underwent LDLT. 46 patients were finally included in the study. To obtain CEUS parameters from time-intensity curves (TICs) on the hepaticparenchyma, the two regions of interests (ROIs) were located in the right hepatic vein (RHV) territory and middle hepatic vein (MHV) territory of the right hepatic graft. The measured CEUS parameters were wash-in slope (WIS), peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), and area under the curve (AUC). The subjects were classified into the occlusion and non-occlusion groups. In each group, the parameters measured in the RHV and MHV territories were compared with paired-sample Student’st-tests.Results: Hepatic venous occlusion was diagnosed in 25 patients (54%). The WIS, TTP, and AUC of the MHV territory (2.95 dB/sec; 22.39 sec; 204.27 dB·sec, respectively) were significantly different from those of the RHV territory (2.16 dB/sec; 25.81 sec; 165.66 dB·sec; all p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in PI between the MHV and RHV territories (19.08 dB vs. 18.27 dB, respectively; p=0.259). In the non-occlusion group, there was no parameter which was significantly different between MHV and RHV territories (p>0.05).Conclusion: The parametric analysis of CEUS can helpdiagnose middle hepatic venous occlusion after LDLT.