bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Response to Camrelizumab Plus Targeted Drugs in Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Peixin , Zhou Yingting , Chen Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer, and is associated with a poor prognosis and rising incidence rate.

Methods
Here, we reported the case of a middle-aged Asian male who presented with a 9.5-cm liver lesion and was diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Results
The patient experienced recurrence three times, twice following radical resection and standard adjuvant chemotherapy and once following camrelizumab plus apatinib, after which the tumor progressed with elevated CA 19.9 level. After tissue biopsy for next-generation sequencing, apatinib was replaced by lenvatinib, and the patient achieved disease control again, with a progression-free survival of 10 months.

Conclusion
Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy regimens are a promising approach for refractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Further well-designed prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety. Since intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is characterized by high heterogeneity and with complex crosstalk among oncogenic pathways, further exploration is required to more deeply understand the mechanism of action of this treatment approach and guide individualized treatment selection.
Primary Extra-Osseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Seipel Amanda H. , Mechahougui Hiba , Mach Nicolas , Triponez Frédéric , Faquin William C. , De Vito Claudio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtra-osseous Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor found in a variety of organs. Primary ES of the thyroid is exceedingly rare and few cases have been documented to date. We describe the case of a 54-year old woman with a history of breast carcinoma in whom a unique hypermetabolic left thyroid nodule was identified during a follow-up PET-CT scan. An ultrasound examination showed a hypoechogenic nodule of 3.7 cm. A cytological diagnosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma was made, and a total thyroidectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm composed of medium-sized cells with scant cytoplasm, expressing pancytokeratin, CD99 and NKX2.2 but lacking p63 and p40 expression. Molecular analysis revealed a EWSR1-FLI1 fusion transcript supporting the diagnosis of a primary extra-osseous ES of the thyroid. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and has no evidence of recurrent disease.
Different processes affecting long-term Ravenna coastal drainage basins (Italy): implications for water management
Authors: Soboyejo Lukman A. , Giambastiani Beatrice M. S. , Molducci Mario , Antonellini Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe low-lying coastal basins of Ravenna (Italy) are at or below mean sea level and currently undergoing land subsidence, which exposes the basins to frequent inundation and groundwater and soil salinization. The surface water drainage becomes necessary to lower the water table head and further prevent flooding and waterlogging. The study examines the evolution of drainage apropos to climate change and land subsidence in the three main Ravenna coastal basins. Our findings show that the evolution of drainage is influenced by land subsidence, climate change variability, droughts, vertical seepage, and local water management. Land subsidence causes an increase in upward-directed vertical seepage of saline water through the shallow unconfined aquifer into the drainage channels of the coastal basins, thus leading to an increase in drainage through time. At a seasonal timescale, the rate of pumping depends on antecedent rainfall and soil–water storage. The warming extremes indices, specifically drought indices, show to be more significant than rainfall indices trends to monitor drainage evolution. Drought indices permit easy comparison of dryness or wetness severity with drainage evolution along their time scale. The co-occurring anthropogenic and natural factors involving in the increasing drainage rate will affect decadal and seasonal water management policies in the area. The implications of increasing drainage rates, long periods of drought with limited rainfall, and increasing temperature will further worsen freshwater availability in this coastal area already experiencing soil and water salinization. However, drainage of this low-lying territory has effectively mitigated rising water tables and avoided flooding. Our study has shown that each coastal basin behaves differently in terms of sensitivity to land subsidence and climate extremes. Therefore, when using drainage data time series for water management purposes, one should account for past management practices and for the specific sensitivity of each basin to external factors.
Spanish Women and Pornography Based on Different Sexual Orientation: an Analysis of Consumption, Arousal, and Discomfort by Sexual Orientation and Age
Authors: Giménez-García Cristina , Nebot-Garcia Juan E. , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , García-Barba Marta , Ballester-Arnal Rafael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The proactive role of women in sexuality has been socially invisible, especially in regard to pornography use. For this reason, this study aims to explore Spanish women’s sexual experiences regarding viewing, arousal, and discomfort as perceived by different types of pornography and based on the women’s sexual orientation.

Methods
Between January and March 2019, 2730 Spanish women between 18 and 44 years old (M = 24.16; SD = 6.04) completed a questionnaire about the consumption of heterosexual, gay, and lesbian pornography and the discomfort they felt when they were aroused by this type of material. Regarding their sexual orientation, 78.1% were heterosexual, 15.4% were bisexual, and 6.5% were lesbian.

Results
In general, more lesbian and bisexual women consume pornography than heterosexual women do. In any case, all of them consume and are aroused by pornographic content based on a sexual orientation that differs from their reported sexual orientation. Women experience discomfort when viewing pornography, regardless of their sexual orientation and the type of content. Particularly, the youngest women are associated with discomfort when viewing heterosexual pornography, although the discomfort of older bisexual women is associated with gay and lesbian pornography.

Conclusions
Regardless of their reported sexual orientation, women view and feel aroused by different types of pornographic content. In addition, this study reveals their associated discomfort, which could interfere with their sexual health.

Policy Implications
Sexual health strategies should include a more active role of women in sexuality, as well as a more flexible conception of their sexual orientation to prevent stigmatizing them.
Linguistic feature of anorexia nervosa: a prospective case–control pilot study
Authors: Cuteri Vittoria , Minori Giulia , Gagliardi Gloria , Tamburini Fabio , Malaspina Elisabetta , Gualandi Paola , Rossi Francesca , Moscano Milena , Francia Valentina , Parmeggiani Antonia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeAttention has recently been paid to Clinical Linguistics for the detection and support of clinical conditions. Many works have been published on the “linguistic profile” of various clinical populations, but very few papers have been devoted to linguistic changes in patients with eating disorders. Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) share similar psychological features such as disturbances in self-perceived body image, inflexible and obsessive thinking and anxious or depressive traits. We hypothesize that these characteristics can result in altered linguistic patterns and be detected using the Natural Language Processing tools.MethodsWe enrolled 51 young participants from December 2019 to February 2020 (age range: 14–18): 17 girls with a clinical diagnosis of AN, and 34 normal-weighted peers, matched by gender, age and educational level. Participants in each group were asked to produce three written texts (around 10–15 lines long). A rich set of linguistic features was extracted from the text samples and the statistical significance in pinpointing the pathological process was measured.ResultsComparison between the two groups showed several linguistics indexes as statistically significant, with syntactic reduction as the most relevant trait of AN productions. In particular, the following features emerge as statistically significant in distinguishing AN girls and their normal-weighted peers: the length of the sentences, the complexity of the noun phrase, and the global syntactic complexity. This peculiar pattern of linguistic erosion may be due to the severe metabolic impairment also affecting the central nervous system in AN.ConclusionThese preliminary data showed the existence of linguistic parameters as probable linguistic markers of AN. However, the analysis of a bigger cohort, still ongoing, is needed to consolidate this assumption.Level of evidence IIIEvidence obtained from case–control analytic studies.
OECD National Contact Points as Sites of Effective Remedy: New Expressions of the Role and Rule of Law within Market Globalization?
Authors: BHATT Kinnari , ERDEM TÜRKELLİ Gamze 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNational Contact Points (NCPs), which support the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, are often invoked as a reliable state-based mechanism for holding transnational corporations accountable for business-related human rights abuses. The objective of this article is to scrutinize the ability of NCPs to offer effective remedy through the lens of an often-quoted success story (the case of the post-colonial brewery Bralima-Heineken at the Dutch NCP) and through a few existing studies that examine factors that curtail or enhance the possibility of NCP mechanisms to deliver effective remedy. Based on these findings, we suggest specific ‘actions for effectiveness’ in the form of recommendations for improving NCPs as a tool to deliver effective remedy. Zooming out, we extend some general observations on how our findings illustrate that NCPs are expressions of a larger systemic problem surrounding the role of law within market globalization and the impact of economic liberalization on the making of norms, changing legal authority and basic fairness under conditions of stark power imbalance. Supporting this approach are historical factors which make the OECD Guidelines and NCPs ripe for such conceptualization.
PROJECTIVE DUALITY AND THE RISE OF MODERN LOGIC
Authors: EDER GÜNTHER 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe symmetries between points and lines in planar projective geometry and between points and planes in solid projective geometry are striking features of these geometries that were extensively discussed during the nineteenth century under the labels “duality” or “reciprocity.” The aims of this article are, first, to provide a systematic analysis of duality from a modern point of view, and, second, based on this, to give a historical overview of how discussions about duality evolved during the nineteenth century. Specifically, we want to see in which ways geometers’ preoccupation with duality was shaped by developments that lead to modern logic towards the end of the nineteenth century, and how these developments in turn might have been influenced by reflections on duality.
LOGICALITY AND MODEL CLASSES
Authors: KENNEDY JULIETTE , VÄÄNÄNEN JOUKO 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe ask, when is a property of a model a logical property? According to the so-called Tarski–Sher criterion this is the case when the property is preserved by isomorphisms. We relate this to model-theoretic characteristics of abstract logics in which the model class is definable. This results in a graded concept of logicality in the terminology of Sagi [46]. We investigate which characteristics of logics, such as variants of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem, Completeness theorem, and absoluteness, are relevant from the logicality point of view, continuing earlier work by Bonnay, Feferman, and Sagi. We suggest that a logic is the more logical the closer it is to first order logic. We also offer a refinement of the result of McGee that logical properties of models can be expressed in$L_{\infty \infty }$if the expression is allowed to depend on the cardinality of the model, based on replacing$L_{\infty \infty }$by a “tamer” logic.
Annihilator varieties of distinguished modules of reductive Lie algebras
Authors: Gourevitch Dmitry , Sayag Eitan , Karshon Ido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe provide a microlocal necessary condition for distinction of admissible representations of real reductive groups in the context of spherical pairs.Let${\mathbf {G}}$be a complex algebraic reductive group and${\mathbf {H}}\subset {\mathbf {G}}$be a spherical algebraic subgroup. Let${\mathfrak {g}},{\mathfrak {h}}$denote the Lie algebras of${\mathbf {G}}$and${\mathbf {H}}$, and let${\mathfrak {h}}^{\bot }$denote the orthogonal complement to${\mathfrak {h}}$in${\mathfrak {g}}^*$. A${\mathfrak {g}}$-module is called${\mathfrak {h}}$-distinguished if it admits a nonzero${\mathfrak {h}}$-invariant functional. We show that the maximal${\mathbf {G}}$-orbit in the annihilator variety of any irreducible${\mathfrak {h}}$-distinguished${\mathfrak {g}}$-module intersects${\mathfrak {h}}^{\bot }$. This generalises a result of Vogan [Vog91].We apply this to Casselman–Wallach representations of real reductive groups to obtain information on branching problems, translation functors and Jacquet modules. Further, we prove in many cases that – as suggested by [Pra19, Question 1] – whenHis a symmetric subgroup of a real reductive groupG, the existence of a temperedH-distinguished representation ofGimplies the existence of a genericH-distinguished representation ofG.Many of the models studied in the theory of automorphic forms involve an additive character on the unipotent radical of the subgroup$\bf H$, and we have devised a twisted version of our theorem that yields necessary conditions for the existence of those mixed models. Our method of proof here is inspired by the theory of modules overW-algebras. As an application of our theorem we derive necessary conditions for the existence of Rankin–Selberg, Bessel, Klyachko and Shalika models. Our results are compatible with the recent Gan–Gross–Prasad conjectures for nongeneric representations [GGP20].Finally, we provide more general results that ease the sphericity assumption on the subgroups, and apply them to local theta correspondence in type II and to degenerate Whittaker models.
Sowing Seeds: Garden Festivals and the Remaking of British Cities after Deindustrialization
Authors: Wetherell Sam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores one of the strangest and most spectacular urban policies in postwar Britain: national garden festivals. Initiated by Margaret Thatcher's government, the festivals were vast state-sponsored gardening shows held in deindustrializing cities to reclaim derelict land for the property market. A festival was held every other year between 1984 and 1992 in a different city, five in all. The garden festivals showcased a new kind of urbanism, one that would change the ways that British cities related to nature, to capital, and to the wider world. First, they evinced a unique type of environmental politics—an implicit critique of urban industrial landscapes that was distinct from both the emerging critique of climate change and from older ideas about conservation. Second, they emerged at a time when the attraction of private capital was becoming increasingly central to urban regeneration. The festivals were at the forefront of this turn, outsourcing their events to corporate sponsors. Finally, the festivals offered an idiosyncratic, incoherent version of globalization. They courted a global pool of tourists and capital and invited delegations from across the world to plan events while, in many instances, reinforcing a preexisting racialized social hierarchy shaped by imperial legacies.
Simultaneous drainage events from supraglacial lakes on the southern Inylchek Glacier, Central Asia
Authors: Sakurai Naoki , Narama Chiyuki , Daiyrov Mirlan , Esenamanov Muhammed , Usekov Zarylbek , Inoue Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo understand the mechanism of simultaneous drainage event related to supraglacial lakes on a debris-covered glacier, we investigated water-level variations of supraglacial lakes on the southern Inylchek Glacier in Kyrgyzstan. To examine these variations, we used daily aerial images for 2017–2019 from an uncrewed aerial vehicle that were converted to 15 cm-digital surface models and ortho-images. Our main results are as follows: (1) When one lake drained, the water levels of other lakes simultaneously increased, indicating that drainage water is shared with several lakes through a main englacial conduit. In one drainage event, a branched off englacial conduit clearly connected to a main englacial conduit. (2) Sometimes several lakes discharged simultaneously, indicating that several lakes had connected to a main englacial conduit that had opened. Such cases can cause larger-scale drainage than that from the opening of a branched off englacial conduit. (3) Simultaneous drainage occurred twice in the same year, each time through a different conduit, indicating that the main englacial conduit can be abandoned and reused. (4) In some lakes, the water level on the hydraulic gradient line increased gradually with nearly the same increase rate just before drainage. Such an increase may be an indicator of a possible simultaneous drainage event.
A GENERALISATION OF HIGHER-RANK GRAPHS
Authors: LAWSON MARK V. , VDOVINA ALINA 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce ‘generalised higher-rank k-graphs’ as a class of categories equipped with a notion of size. They extend not only higher-rank k-graphs, but also the Levi categories introduced by the first author as a categorical setting for graphs of groups. We prove that examples of generalised higher-rank k-graphs can be constructed using Zappa–Szép products of groupoids and higher-rank graphs.
Are dietary factors involved in the association of CDH4 methylation and breast cancer risk?
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Li Liangliang , Long Zhiping , Du Jinghang , Li Shuo , Yin Huihui , Xie Kun , Wu Zhen , Chen Yanbo , Volontovich Daria , Cheng Huijie , Wang Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications in breast cancer (BC) development, and long-term dietary habits can alter DNA methylation. Cadherin-4 (CDH4, a member of the cadherin family) encodes Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesion glycoproteins. We conducted a case–control study (380 newly diagnosed BC and 439 cancer-free controls) to explore the relationship of CDH4 methylation in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA (PBL DNA), as well as its combined and interactive effects with dietary factors on BC risk. A case-only study (335 newly diagnosed BC) was conducted to analyse the association between CDH4 methylation in breast tissue DNA and dietary factors. CDH4 methylation was detected using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Unconditional logistic regressions were used to analyse the association of CDH4 methylation in PBL DNA and BC risk. Cross-over analysis and unconditional logistic regression were used to calculate the combined and interactive effects between CDH4 methylation in PBL DNA and dietary factors in BC. CDH4 hypermethylation was significantly associated with increased BC risk in PBL DNA (ORadjusted (ORadj) = 2·70, (95 % CI 1·90, 3·83), P < 0·001). CDH4 hypermethylation also showed significant combined effects with the consumption of vegetables (ORadj = 4·33, (95 % CI 2·63, 7·10)), allium vegetables (ORadj = 7·00, (95 % CI 4·17, 11·77)), fish (ORadj = 7·92, (95 % CI 3·79, 16·53)), milk (ORadj = 6·30, (95 % CI 3·41, 11·66)), overnight food (ORadj = 4·63, (95 % CI 2·69, 7·99)), pork (ORadj = 5·59, (95 % CI 2·94, 10·62)) and physical activity (ORadj = 4·72, (95 % CI 2·87, 7·76)). Moreover, consuming milk was significantly related with decreased risk of CDH4 methylation (OR = 0·61, (95 % CI 0·38, 0·99)) in breast tissue. Our findings may provide direct guidance on the dietary intake for specific methylated carriers to decrease their risk for developing BC.
Calculated versus measured pure tone bone conduction 3 kHz thresholds in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Shilo S , Ziv-Baran T , Oron Y , Handzel O , Cavel O , Eta R A , Muhanna N , Ungar O J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the measured bone conduction threshold at 3 kHz with the calculated threshold in newly diagnosed sudden sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of pure tone audiograms in confirmed sudden sensorineural hearing loss cases.ResultsOf 157 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, 144 had idiopathic hearing loss, 8 had vestibular schwannoma and 5 had Ménière's disease. The r value for the correlation between the two methods of 3 kHz assessment for all patients was 0.887 (p < 0.001). The mean difference between the measured and calculated 3 kHz thresholds was 0.76 ± 7.96 dB, 0.4 ± 8.08 dB and 1.5 ± 1.8 dB in the sudden sensorineural hearing loss, idiopathic and Ménière's disease groups, respectively. The mean difference between the measured and calculated 3 kHz thresholds was significantly greater in the vestibular schwannoma group (6.86 ± 4.38 dB) than in the idiopathic group (p = 0.013).ConclusionThe 3 kHz frequency may encompass important audiometric information. A discrepancy between the measured and calculated bone conduction 3 kHz thresholds raises suspicion of an underlying vestibular schwannoma as an aetiology for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and these thresholds should therefore be measured independently and routinely.
Parotid incidentalomas: a systematic review
Authors: Thompson CSG , Nolli T , Bannister M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveParotid incidentalomas on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging are rare. A systematic review was performed to assess their aetiology and association with scanning indication, and to develop an evidence-based algorithm for their management.MethodsA literature search was performed on 25 August 2020 using the keywords ‘incidentaloma’, ‘incidental finding’, ‘parotid’, ‘parotid gland’, ‘salivary gland’ and ‘head and neck’. Articles were reviewed by two authors before their inclusion.ResultsForty articles were included, totalling 558 incidentalomas. The mean incidence was 0.74 per cent. Lung cancer was the most common imaging indication. The most common aetiologies were cystadenolymphoma, pleomorphic salivary adenoma and metastases. Only cystadenolymphoma (p= 0.015) and pleomorphic salivary adenoma (p= 0.011) were significantly associated with a primary malignancy (lung). The most common further investigations were aspiration cytology, ultrasound imaging and core biopsy, usually prior to parotidectomy.ConclusionIf appropriate, parotid incidentalomas should be followed up with flexible endoscopy, skin examinations, and head and neck examinations. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy provides higher accuracy, avoiding repeat sampling and excision biopsy.