bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of the First 100 Patients of COVID-19 in Tobruk, Libya: A Brief Report From Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Ismail Faisal , Farag Atiya , Haq Soghra , Kamal Mohammad A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aims to report the clinical features of a cohort of patients with suspected coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from Tobruk, Libya, and reflect upon the diagnosis challenge in low-resource settings.Methods:A descriptive report of the first 100 patients with suspected COVID-19 who have visited the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 screening clinic at the National Centre for Disease Control in Tobruk, Libya.Results:The most common presenting symptoms were fever (90%), cough (89%), dyspnea (85%), sore throat (79%), fatigue (78%), headache (64%), loss of smell (52%), loss of taste (53%), loss of appetite (43%), nausea and vomiting (26%), diarrhea (22%), and rhinorrhea (16%); 51% of the patients had lymphocytopenia, whereas 13% had thrombocytopenia. Bilateral infiltrates were the most common radiologic finding on chest X-ray (76%), and COVID-19 IgM and/or IgG antibodies were detected in 80% of the patients, whereas only 37% of the patients were tested positive by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Conclusions:The disease continued its spread across the region. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were the main symptoms; 21% of the patients did not have any chest X-ray abnormalities. Initial negative results for either antibody testing or RT-PCR-testing for COVID-19 do not rule out the infection.
Butler and Postanalytic Philosophy
Authors: Giladi Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article has two aims: (i) to bring Judith Butler and Wilfrid Sellars into conversation; and (ii) to argue that Butler's poststructuralist critique of feminist identity politics has metaphilosophical potential, given herpragmaticparallel with Sellars's critique of conceptual analyses of knowledge. With regard to (i), I argue that Butler's objections to the definitional practice constitutive of certain ways of construing feminism is comparable to Sellars's critique of the analytical project geared toward providing definitions of knowledge. Specifically, I propose that moving away from a definition ofwomanto what one may call poststructuralistsites of womanparallels moving away from adefinition of knowledgeto a pragmatic account ofknowledgeas arecognizable standing in the normative space of reasons. With regard to (ii), I argue that the important parallels between Butler's poststructuralist feminism and Sellars's antirepresentationalist normative pragmatism about knowledge enable one to think of her poststructuralist feminism as mapping outpragmaticcognitive strategies and visions fordoing philosophy. This article starts a conversation between two philosophers whom the literature has yet to fully introduce to each other.
The Relationship between Perceived Security Threats and Negative Descriptions of Armenians in Turkish Politics (1946–1960)
Authors: Nefes Türkay Salim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow do perceived threats influence politicians’ attitudes towards religious minorities? Examining the Turkish parliamentary records between 1946 and 1960, this study suggests that perceived security threats significantly contribute to Turkish political parties’ negative descriptions of Armenians. The research analyzes speeches about Armenians via a mixed-method content analysis. The findings demonstrate that (a) debate about security threats is a reliable predictor of the political parties’ negative portrayals, and (b) members of the parliament justify their negative views by labeling Armenians as an enemy. The article concludes that perceived threats evoke negative speeches about Armenians in Turkish politics.
Provider perspectives on Asram in Ghana
Authors: Rent Sharla , Bakari Ashura , Plange-Rhule Gyikua , Bockarie Yemah , Kukora Stephanie , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeonatal mortality is one of the leading causes of under-five mortality globally, with the majority of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana, there is a belief in an array of newborn conditions, called Asram, that are thought to have a spiritual, rather than physical, cause. These conditions are predominantly managed by traditional healers as they are considered unable to be treated by allopathic medical providers. Through a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews of medical providers in Kumasi, Ghana, conducted in July–August 2018, this study sought to elucidate perspectives of allopathic medical providers about Asram, including the perceived implications of traditional newborn care patterns on newborn health and higher-level neonatal care. Twenty health care providers participated and represented a tertiary care hospital and a district hospital. Medical providers were universally aware of Asram but varied on the latitude they gave this belief system within the arena of newborn care. Some providers rationalized the existence of Asram in the backdrop of high neonatal mortality rates and long-standing belief systems. Others highlighted their frustration with Asram, citing delays in care and complications due to traditional medical treatments. Providers utilized varying approaches to bridge culture gaps with families in their care and emphasized the importance of open communication with the shared goal of improved newborn health and survival. This study describes the importance of providers being aware of socio-cultural constructs within which pregnant women operate and suggests a focus on the shared goal of timely and effective newborn care in Ghana.
Toward a Theory of Offense: Should You Feel Offended?
Authors: Liu Chang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe feeling of being offended, as a moral emotion, plays a key role in issues such as slurs, the offense principle, ethics of humor, etc. However, no adequate theory of offense has been developed in the literature, and it remains unclear what questions such a theory should answer. This paper attempts to fill the gap by performing two tasks. The first task is to clarify and summarize the questions of offense into two kinds, the descriptive questions (e.g., what features differentiate offense from similar moral states like anger?) and the normative questions (e.g., what are the conditions for taking offense to be apt?). The second task is to answer these questions by developing what I call ‘the violated norm theory of offense’. According to this theory, feeling offended entails that the norm one endorses is judged to be violated by the offender. Appealing to the violated norm enables this theory to answer the descriptive questions (e.g., taking offense differs from anger because of features like not requiring victims and the difficulty of animal offense) and the normative questions of offense (e.g., taking offense is apt only if the violated norm is universalizable).
Design and control of a cable-driven rehabilitation robot for upper and lower limbs
Authors: Oyman Efe Levent , Korkut Muhammed Yusuf , Yilmaz Cüneyt , Bayraktaroglu Zeki Y. , Arslan M. Selcuk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe design and control of a cable-driven rehabilitation robot, which can be configured easily for exercising different articulations such as elbows, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles without requiring any orthosis, are introduced. The passive, active-assisted and active-resisted exercises were designed and implemented using impedance control. The controller could switch between exercises according to the force feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was demonstrated by experimental studies. The robot was tested first with a dummy extremity and then with a healthy subject mimicking various types of patients during the tests. Experimental results showed that satisfactory closed-loop performances were achieved.
Strong Language: Mathew Carey, Sensibility, and the American State, 1819–1835
Authors: VANDECREEK DREW E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMathew Carey promoted the high tariff as a political expression of humane sentiments that relieved American workers of the misery caused by low wages and unemployment. This made him an early example of a state-builder working outside the state itself, building ideological frames and using emotional appeals to promote the expansion of state capacity. Although other aspects of his protectionism appealed to the republican tradition, Carey meshed his sentimental appeal with the liberalism. Later reformers integrated sensibility with liberalism by reference to the rights of vulnerable parties, but Carey added an appeal to an enlightened self-interest that allowed American manufacturers to profit while protecting workers. Although he became a well-known advocate for the organized provision of social welfare, his continued opposition to the widespread distribution of outdoor relief also suggests that he viewed the policy as a circumscribed federal social-welfare measure providing work rather than direct aid.
COVID-19 re-infection in Shahroud, Iran: a follow-up study
Authors: Zare Fariba , Teimouri Maryam , Khosravi Ahmad , Rohani-Rasaf Marzieh , Chaman Reza , Hosseinzadeh Ali , Jamali Atergeleh Hozhabr , Binesh Ehsan , Emamian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although many people became infected and recovered during the COVID-19 epidemic, the immunity duration and re-infection in recovered patients have recently attracted many researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recurrence of the infection in recovered individuals over a 9-month period after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, data related to COVID-19 patients in Shahroud city were collected using the electronic system for registering suspicious patients and also by checking patients' hospital records. In this study, from 20 March 2020 to 20 November 2020 (9 months), a total of 8734 suspected patients with respiratory symptoms were observed and followed up. RT-PCR was positive for 4039 patients. During this period, out of the total number of positive cases of COVID-19, 10 cases became re-infected after complete recovery. The risk of re-infection was 2.5 per thousand (0.95 CI 1.2–4.5). The mean time interval between the first infection and re-infection was 134.4 ± 64.5 days (range 41–234 days). The risk of re-infection between male and females was not statistically different (1.98 per 1000 women and 2.96 per 1000 men). Exposure to COVID-19 may not establish long-term protective immunity to all patients and may predispose them to re-infection. This fact can be reminded that the use of masks, social distancing and other preventive measures are very important in recovered patients and should be emphasised especially in health care personnel who are more exposed to the virus.
Checklist of the species of notothenioid fishes
Authors: Eastman Joseph T. , Eakin Richard R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide our perspective on the species-level taxonomy of notothenioid fishes, the dominant component of the fish fauna of Antarctica. There are 140 species in 45 genera, an increase of 15% since the previous summary in 2000. Biogeographically, 30 species are non-Antarctic, 33 are sub-Antarctic and 77 are Antarctic. The checklist is documented with footnotes that provide the rationale for our decisions. Supplementary Material provides additional details for our decisions on two species ofPogonophryne.
THE NONARITHMETICITY OF THE PREDICATE LOGIC OF STRICTLY PRIMITIVE RECURSIVE REALIZABILITY
Authors: PLISKO VALERY 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA notion of strictly primitive recursive realizability is introduced by Damnjanovic in 1994. It is a kind of constructive semantics of the arithmetical sentences using primitive recursive functions. It is of interest to study the corresponding predicate logic. It was argued by Park in 2003 that the predicate logic of strictly primitive recursive realizability is not arithmetical. Park’s argument is essentially based on a claim of Damnjanovic that intuitionistic logic is sound with respect to strictly primitive recursive realizability, but that claim was disproved by the author of this article in 2006. The aim of this paper is to present a correct proof of the result of Park.
Marginalization and Mobilization: The Roots of Female Legislators’ Collaborative Advantage in the States
Authors: Swift Clint S. , VanderMolen Kathryn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScholars have argued that female legislators are more prone to collaborate than their male counterparts. Though collaboration may be more or less evident in particular situations, we seek to more clearly establish the mechanism behind women’s collaborative activity using the framework of marginalization. In this paper, we use cosponsorship data from 74 state legislative chambers from 2011–2014 to analyze collaborative patterns and mobilizing institutions. We find female legislators are more collaborative than men, and that their collaborative advantage strengthens in chambers where women are systematically excluded from leadership positions. The advantage also extends to bipartisan collaboration, but only in less polarized settings with women’s caucuses. Furthermore, our findings imply that as women are integrated into leadership collaboration will actually decline, especially within their own party. We believe these results are important for understanding both the roots of collaborative behavior among female legislators and consequences of chambers that marginalize women from leadership positions.
Impact of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on Typhoon Tracks in the Western North Pacific and the Prediction Skill of the ECMWF Model
Authors: Nakano M. , Vitart F. , Kikuchi K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) strongly influences tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. However, little is known concerning its impact on TC tracks. Here, we examine how TC tracks in the western North Pacific are modulated by the boreal summer ISO (BSISO) during each month of the TC season (June–October) using the best track data and how well the modulation are reproduced in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model forecasts. The results reveal that the impact of the BSISO on the typhoon tracks varies month to month. The ECMWF model successfully reproduces this impact up to a month in advance. A simple advection model shows that the reproduction of the modulations in the TC genesis location leads to accurate TC track forecasts. These results suggest that the BSISO is one of the major sources of TC track predictability at the subseasonal time scale (2 weeks to 2 months).
Long‐Range Forecasting as a Past Value Problem: Untangling Correlations and Causality With Scaling
Authors: Del Rio Amador L. , Lovejoy S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConventional long‐range weather prediction is an initial value problem that uses the current state of the atmosphere to produce ensemble forecasts. Purely stochastic predictions for long‐memory processes are “past value” problems that use historical data to provide conditional forecasts. Teleconnection patterns, defined from cross‐correlations, are important for identifying possible dynamical interactions, but they do not necessarily imply causation. Using the precise notion of Granger causality, we show that for long‐range stochastic temperature forecasts, the cross‐correlations are only relevant at the level of the innovations–not temperatures. This justifies the Stochastic Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (StocSIPS) that is based on a (long memory) fractional Gaussian noise model. Extended here to the multivariate case (m‐StocSIPS) produces realistic space‐time temperature simulations. Although it has no Granger causality, emergent properties include realistic teleconnection networks and El Niño events and indices.
Global Chlorophyll a Concentrations of Phytoplankton Functional Types With Detailed Uncertainty Assessment Using Multisensor Ocean Color and Sea Surface Temperature Satellite Products
Authors: Xi Hongyan , Losa Svetlana N. , Mangin Antoine , Garnesson Philippe , Bretagnon Marine , Demaria Julien , Soppa Mariana A. , Hembise Fanton d'Andon Odile , Bracher Astrid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFirst, we retune an algorithm based on empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) for globally retrieving the chlorophyll a concentration (Chl‐a) of phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) from multisensor merged ocean color (OC) products. The retuned algorithm, referred to as EOF‐SST hybrid algorithm, is improved by: (i) using 23% more matchups between the updated global in situ pigment database and satellite remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) products, and (ii) including sea surface temperature (SST) as an additional input parameter. In addition to the Chl‐a of the six PFTs (diatoms, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, green algae, prokaryotes, and Prochlorococcus), the fractions of prokaryote and Prochlorococcus Chl‐a to total Chl‐a (TChl‐a), are also retrieved by the EOF‐SST hybrid algorithm. Matchup data are separated for low and high‐temperature regimes based on different PFT dependences on SST, to establish SST‐separated hybrid algorithms which demonstrate further improvements in performance as compared to the EOF‐SST hybrid algorithm. The per‐pixel uncertainty of the retrieved TChl‐a and PFT products is estimated by taking into account the uncertainties from both input data and model parameters through Monte Carlo simulations and analytical error propagation. The algorithm and its method to determine uncertainties can be transferred to similar OC products until today, enabling long‐term continuous satellite observations of global PFT products. Satellite PFT uncertainty is essential to evaluate and improve coupled ecosystem‐ocean models which simulate PFTs, and furthermore can be used to directly improve these models via data assimilation.
Observational Quantification of Aerosol Invigoration for Deep Convective Cloud Lifecycle Properties Based on Geostationary Satellite
Authors: Pan Zengxin , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Mao Feiyue , Gong Wei , Zang Lin , Lu Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAerosols affect cloud microstructure, dynamics, and precipitation by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei with a large uncertainty for deep convective clouds (DCCs). Here, we quantify the relationships between aerosols and DCC properties after isolating aerosol impacts from meteorology based on the METEOSAT geostationary satellite and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reanalysis data. Results show that fine aerosols (radius <1 µm), which serve as the best proxy for CCN from MERRA‐2, exhibit the strongest aerosol invigoration for DCC compared with aerosol optical depth and coarse aerosols. Overall, added fine aerosols result in colder cloud top temperatures (CTTs), longer lifetime, and more rainfall amounts, especially over land. As CTT decreases monotonically with added aerosols, cloud lifetime and rainfall amount reach a maximum at aerosol loading of 5 and 1.5 µg/m3 over land and ocean, respectively. Added precipitable water (PW) vapor and convective available potential energy (CAPE) are conducive to the development of more vigorous DCC. For fixed PW and CAPE, CTT decreases by up to −12.2°C ± 0.5°C with fine aerosol concentration over land and up to −4.4°C ± 1.0°C over ocean. The DCC lifetime is lengthened by a factor of 1.3 ± 0.1 from clean condition to optimal aerosol loading over land. A respective enhancement in rainfall amounts over land is indicated by a factor of 2.6 ± 0.4. The decreases in lifetime and rainfall beyond the optimal aerosol concentration are likely due to less aerosol wet scavenging from smaller and less rainy DCCs. The increases in the lifetime and rainfall amounts over ocean are much weaker.
The Crustal Stress Field Inferred From Focal Mechanisms in Northern Chile
Authors: Herrera Carlos , Cassidy John F. , Dosso Stan E. , Dettmer Jan , Bloch Wasja , Sippl Christian , Salazar Pablo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe ​study the spatial variability of the crustal stress in northern Chile. A margin‐parallel compressive crustal stress regime is inferred along the coastal region between 19° and 23.5°S, similar to stress observations in Cascadia and Japan. The Andean Precordillera shows a distinct stress field associated with a strike‐slip faulting regime around 21°S. These results are constrained by over a decade of observations, for which earthquake catalogs report thousands of events in the continental crust. We present focal mechanisms for 817 of these crustal earthquakes, including mechanism qualities. The best mechanisms were grouped and inverted to infer the stress‐field variability. We interpret the margin‐parallel compression to be caused by the concave shape of the margin and the locking of the plate interface. The inferred strike‐slip regime in the Andes agrees with previous studies and has been proposed to be mostly caused by local stresses imposed by a thicker crust.
Application Potential of Satellite Thermal Anomaly Products in Updating Industrial Emission Inventory of China
Authors: Li Rong , Tao Minghui , Zhang Meigen , Chen Liangfu , Wang Lili , Wang Yi , He Xinjie , Wei Lifei , Mei Xin , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEstablishing dynamic and timely industrial emissions inventory accurately is usually challenging due to a long update cycle of the time‐consuming bottom‐up methods. The daily Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) thermal anomaly product at a high resolution of 375 m can detect spatial location and fire radiative power (FRP) of thermal anomalies including industrial heat sources. We explore potential of VIIRS product in updating industrial emission inventory. Industrial heat sources in China are identified and further compared with industrial emissions from Multi‐resolution Emission Inventory for China. The correlations (R2) between VIIRS FRP and industrial emissions are 0.86 in regions dominated by coal‐consuming activities and 0.9 for these with fragmented small‐scale plants and light industries. Our results suggest that VIIRS thermal product can provide a dynamic and quantitative constraint of activation levels and spatial allocation of emission from industrial heat sources.
Long‐Term (1979‐Present) Total Water Storage Anomalies Over the Global Land Derived by Reconstructing GRACE Data
Authors: Li Fupeng , Kusche Jürgen , Chao Nengfang , Wang Zhengtao , Löcher Anno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has monitored global total water storage anomalies (TWSA) with an unprecedented accuracy since 2002. Yet, many applications require a longer record, that is, extending prior to the GRACE period. Here, we present a new global reconstruction of long‐term (1979–2020) TWSA fields by combining machine learning with time series decomposition and statistical decomposition techniques. We find that the long‐term TWSA reconstructed from GRACE fits well with the GRACE‐FO observation over most grids (0.5° resolution) of the global land and successfully reproduces the strong El Niño signal. Comparisons to Satellite Laser Ranging solutions and to observed global mean sea level change suggest our reconstruction (doi: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.z612jm6bt) is more reliable than previously published products. This study provides a viable approach for both reconstructing past TWSA and filling the GRACE data gap at the global scale.