bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with oxidative stress in extreme environments: the distinctive roles played by Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 superoxide dismutases
Authors: Steimbrüch Bruno Alejandro , Sartorio Mariana G. , Cortez Néstor , Albanesi Daniela , Lisa María-Natalia , Repizo Guillermo Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter sp. Ver3 is a polyextremophilic strain characterized by a high tolerance to radiation and pro-oxidants. The Ver3 genome comprises the sodB and sodC genes encoding an iron (AV3SodB) and a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (AV3SodC), respectively; however, the specific role(s) of these genes has remained elusive. We show that the expression of sodB remained unaltered in different oxidative stress conditions whereas sodC was up-regulated in the presence of blue light. Besides, we studied the changes in the in vitro activity of each SOD enzyme in response to diverse agents and solved the crystal structure of AV3SodB at 1.34 Å, one of the highest resolutions achieved for a SOD. Cell fractionation studies interestingly revealed that AV3SodB is located in the cytosol whereas AV3SodC is also found in the periplasm. Consistently, a bioinformatic analysis of the genomes of 53 Acinetobacter species pointed out the presence of at least one SOD type in each compartment, suggesting that these enzymes are separately required to cope with oxidative stress. Surprisingly, AV3SodC was found in an active state also in outer membrane vesicles, probably exerting a protective role. Overall, our multidisciplinary approach highlights the relevance of SOD enzymes when Acinetobacter spp. are confronted with oxidizing agents.
A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast
Authors: Garland Carey J. , Thompson Victor D. , Sanger Matthew C. , Smith Karen Y. , Andrus Fred T. , Lawres Nathan R. , Napora Katharine G. , Colaninno Carol E. , Compton J. Matthew , Jones Sharyn , Hadden Carla S. , Cherkinsky Alexander , Maddox Thomas , Deng Yi-Ting , Lulewicz Isabelle H. , Parsons Lindsey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCircular shell rings along the Atlantic Coast of southeastern North America are the remnants of some of the earliest villages that emerged during the Late Archaic Period (5000 – 3000 BP). Many of these villages, however, were abandoned during the Terminal Late Archaic Period (ca 3800 – 3000 BP). Here, we combine Bayesian chronological modeling with multiple environmental proxies to understand the nature and timing of environmental change associated with the emergence and abandonment of shell ring villages on Sapleo Island, Georgia. Our Bayesian models indicate that Native Americans occupied the three Sapelo shell rings at varying times with some generational overlap. By the end of the complex’s occupation, only Ring III was occupied before abandonment ca. 3845 BP. Ring III also consists of statistically smaller oysters (Crassostrea virginica) that people harvested from less saline estuaries compared to earlier occupations. These data, when integrated with recent tree ring analyses, show a clear pattern of environmental instability throughout the period in which the rings were occupied. We argue that as the climate became unstable around 4300 BP, aggregation at shell ring villages provided a way to effectively manage fisheries that are highly sensitive to environmental change. However, with the eventual collapse of oyster fisheries and subsequent rebound in environmental conditions ca. 3800 BP, people dispersed from shell rings, and shifted to non-marine subsistence economies and other types of settlements. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence correlations between large-scale environmental change and societal transformations on the Georgia coast during the Late Archaic period.
Numerical modeling on dynamics of droplet in aircraft wing structure at different velocities
Authors: Subramani Nithya , M. Sangeetha , Kengaiah Vijayaraja , Prakash Sai 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find the droplets impact on the airplane wing structure. Two kinds of characteristics of the droplet at different velocity and viscosity are assumed. The droplet is assumed to be spherical cubic form and it is injected from the convergent divergent nozzle with a passive control.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of droplet impact on the horizontal surface. The effects of impact parameters are studied. The splash effect of the droplet also visualized. The results are presented in form of stress, strain, displacement magnitude of the droplet.

Findings
Crosswire is used as passive control. The behavior of the droplet impact is observed based on the kinetic energy and the gravitational forces.

Originality/value
The results predict that smooth particle hydrodynamic designed droplet not only depend on the equation of state of the droplet but also the injection velocity from the nozzle. It also determined that droplet velocity is depending on the viscosity of the fluid.
Hybrid RANS/LES of a generic high-lift aircraft configuration near maximum lift
Authors: Probst Axel , Melber-Wilkending Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The paper aims to assess the feasibility of locally turbulence-resolving flow simulations for a high-lift aircraft configuration near maximum lift. It addresses the aspects of proper grid design and explores the ability of the hybrid turbulence model and the numerical scheme to automatically select adequate modes in different flow regions. By comparison with experimental and numerical reference data, the study aims to provide insights into the predictive potential of the method for high-lift flows.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper applies numerical flow simulations using well-established tools such as DLR's (German Aerospace Center) TAU solver and the SOLAR grid generator to study “Improved Detached Delayed Eddy Simulations” of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Standard Model at two angles of attack near maximum lift. The simulations apply a hybrid low-dissipation low-dispersion scheme and implicit time stepping with adequate temporal resolution. The simulation results, including pressure distributions and near-wall flow patterns, are assessed by comparison with experimental wind-tunnel data.

Findings
Apart from demonstrating the general feasibility of the numerical approach for complex high-lift flows, the results indicate somewhat improved maximum lift predictions compared to the Spalart–Allmaras model, which is consistent with a slightly closer agreement with measured pressure distributions and oil-flow pictures. However, the expected lift breakdown caused by an increasing inboard separation in the experiment is not well captured.

Originality/value
The study not only provides new insight into the feasibility and promising potential of hybrid turbulence-resolving methods for relevant high-lift aircraft flows but also indicates the need for further research on the numerical sensitivities, such as grid resolution or flow initialization.
The legal and institutional framework for, and challenges to the payment of reprographic fees in academic libraries in Ghana
Authors: Adu Theresa Larteley , van der Walt Thomas B. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the legal and institutional frameworks for, and the challenges to the payment of the reprographic fees in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach was employed to address the objectives of the study. This involved focus group discussion sessions with twelve purposively sampled postgraduate students (six each from the private and public institutions) and the five Technical Committee members of CopyGhana; and qualitative interview sessions with the head librarians of four academic universities (two private and two public).FindingsThis study shows that CopyGhana derives its existence from Copyright Act 2005, (Act 690) section 49, and Copyright Regulations (L.I. 1962) 2010, sub-regulation 18. Copyright Regulations (L.I. 1962), 2010, sub-regulation 18 mandates CopyGhana to identify all the outfits that engage in photocopying for immediate licensing, and to protect the economic rights of foreign rightsholders within the jurisdiction of Ghana. Though students and library staff generally agree to the payment of the reprographic fees (the students however want to see it legally insulated against possible future arbitrary increases), the position of university authorities possesses a big challenge to its implementation.Originality/valueThe paper evaluated the legal and institutional frameworks for the payment of the reprographic fees, and the challenges in its implementation, and proposes that CopyGhana may have to activate its legal right to sue in order to overcome the challenges posed by university authorities, as is being done in other jurisdictions.
Topical glycopyrronium tosylate in Japanese patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis: A randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Yokozeki Hiroo , Fujimoto Tomoko , Wanatabe Shunsuke , Ogawa Shuhei , Fujii Chie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlycopyrronium tosylate cloth, an anticholinergic drug, has been approved for the topical treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis in the USA, but its effects in Japanese patients have not been previously investigated. This 4‐week, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glycopyrronium tosylate cloth for primary axillary hyperhidrosis patients in Japan. Eligible patients, who were ≥9 years of age and had primary axillary hyperhidrosis ≥6 months, with gravimetrically‐measured sweat production ≥50 mg/5 min, and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale ≥3 (moderate) were randomized 1:1:1 to once daily topical glycopyrronium tosylate 3.75%, 2.5%, or vehicle. Overall, 497 patients (163 in the glycopyrronium tosylate 3.75% group, 168 in the glycopyrronium tosylate 2.5% group, and 166 in the vehicle group, hereinafter in this order) were randomized. Statistically higher proportions of patients in the glycopyrronium tosylate groups achieved ≥2‐point improvement in Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and ≥50% reduction in sweat production from baseline versus vehicle at week 4 (51.6%, 41.1%, and 16.4%, respectively; p < 0.001 in both cases). Higher responder rates in the glycopyrronium tosylate groups compared with the vehicle group occurred as early as week 1. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events in patients treated with glycopyrronium tosylate were photophobia, mydriasis, thirst, and dysuria. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild as determined by the investigators. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events leading to treatment modification was low in the three groups. The 4‐week use of topical glycopyrronium tosylate improved the patient‐reported outcome measure Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and objectively‐evaluated sweat production with a favorable benefit/risk profile.
Polygenic score for cigarette smoking is associated with ever electronic‐cigarette use in a college‐aged sample
Authors: Cooke Megan E. , Clifford James S. , Do Elizabeth K. , Gilman Jodi M. , Maes Hermine H. , Peterson Roseann E. , Prom‐Wormley Elizabeth C. , Evins A. Eden , Schuster Randi M. ,   Spit for Science Working group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsElectronic cigarette use has escalated rapidly in recent years, particularly among youth. Little is known about the genetic influences on e‐cigarette use. This study aimed to determine whether genetic risk for regular use of combustible cigarettes or for number of cigarettes smoked per day confers risk for ever e‐cigarette use or frequency of e‐cigarette use.Design, Setting, Participants, and MeasurementsWe used data from 9541 young adults from the Spit for Science longitudinal cohort study (2011–2019). Polygenic scores (PGS) of regular combustible cigarette use (PGS‐RCU) and cigarettes per day (PGS‐CPD) were constructed using summary statistics from the two largest available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) meta‐analysis of European ancestry and East Asian ancestry of combustible cigarette use and used to test whether the PGS of RCU or CPD predicted lifetime e‐cigarette use and frequency of past 30‐day e‐cigarette use in a diverse sample of young adults of African (AFR), Admixed American (AMR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), and South Asian (SAS) ancestry.FindingsThe PGS‐RCU was associated with lifetime e‐cigarette use in the EUR sample (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.19–1.36, P = 7.53 × 10−12), but not in the other subsamples (ps > 0.12). This association remained significant after excluding regular combustible cigarette smokers (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.12–1.31, P = 3.36 × 10−6). There was no statistically significant association between PGS‐CPD and lifetime e‐cigarette use and neither the PGS‐RCU nor the PGS‐CPD were associated with frequency of e‐cigarette use in the past 30 days in any of the subsamples.ConclusionsGenetic factors associated with regular combustible cigarette use appear to be associated with ever e‐cigarette use in young adults. We did not find evidence for shared genetic factors influencing heaviness of use of combustible cigarettes and current e‐cigarette use frequency.
Persistence of infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 particles for up to 37 days in patients with mild COVID‐19
Authors: Zahn Tobias , Mhedhbi Ines , Hein Sascha , Raupach Jan , Miskey Csaba , Husria Younes , Bayanga Kathrin , Bartel Detlef , Vieths Stefan , Ivics Zoltan , Oberle Doris , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte , Herrlein Marie‐Luise , Maier Thorsten Jürgen , Hildt Eberhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople suffering from COVID‐19 are typically considered non‐infectious 14 days after diagnosis if symptoms have disappeared for at least 48 h. We describe three patients who independently acquired their infection. These three patients experienced mild COVID‐19 and completely recovered symptomatically within 10 days, but remained PCR‐positive in deep pharyngeal samples for at least 38 days. We attempted to isolate virus from pharyngeal swabs to investigate whether these patients still carried infectious virus.MethodsInfectious virus was amplified in Vero E6 cells and characterized by electron microscopy and WGS. The immune response was investigated by ELISA and peptide arrays.ResultsIn all three cases, infectious and replication‐competent virus was isolated and amplified in Vero E6 cells. Virus replication was detected by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of intact SARS‐CoV‐2 particles. For a more detailed analysis, all three isolates were characterized by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). The sequence data revealed that the isolates belonged to the 20A or 20C clade, and two mutations in ORF8 were identified among other mutations that could be relevant for establishing a long‐term infection. Characterization of the humoral immune response in comparison to patients that had fully recovered from mild COVID‐19 revealed a lack of antibodies binding to sequential epitopes of the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) for the long‐term infected patients.ConclusionThus, a small portion of COVID‐19 patients displays long‐term infectivity and termination of quarantine periods after 14 days, without PCR‐based testing, should be reconsidered critically.
Approach to the basic needs in patients on invasive ventilation using eye‐tracking devices for non‐verbal communication
Authors: Ull Christopher , Hamsen Uwe , Weckwerth Christina , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Gaschler Robert , Waydhas Christian , Jansen Oliver 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the feasibility of eye‐tracking (ET) devices as a communicative approach to the basic needs (BN) of intensive care unit (ICU) and invasively ventilated nonverbal patients.MethodsProspective, monocentric, and observational study including all patients without delirium, with an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube, with a history of invasive ventilation for more than 48 h, and inadequate nonverbal communication skills. The investigation was performed with commercially available ET devices (Tobii Dynavox I‐15+) to express BN of ICU patients following a standardized 30‐item yes‐or‐no questionnaire.ResultsA total of 64 patients with a mean age of 58.6 years were included. The main diagnoses for ICU admission were major trauma (43.6%), sepsis (21.8%), and acute abdomen (15.6%). Pain during repositioning (69%), thirst (69%), sleep disorders (66%), fatigue (64%), and anxiety regarding the lifelong need for assistance (64%) were the main problems reported by the patients. However, most of the patients described expectations of health improvement (78%), good family support (66%), and an improvement in quality of life due to the use of ET devices (67%).ConclusionThe use of ET in selected ICU patients with impaired communication is feasible, allowing them to express their BN. Apart from knowing the patients' individual BN, the results of our BN questionnaire may provide guidance for improvement measures in the care of patients in the ICU who are unable to speak. We believe that ET is useful for inquiring about and expressing BN and, therefore, may be capable of improving patient‐medical team interactions and patient satisfaction.
A four‐stream method for providing variable dialysis fluid bicarbonate concentrations for bicarbonate‐based dialysis fluid delivery systems
Authors: Lew Susie Q. , Sam Ramin , Tzamaloukas Antonios H. , Ing Todd S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemodialysis corrects metabolic acidosis by transferring bicarbonate or bicarbonate equivalents across the dialysis membrane from the dialysis fluid to the plasma. With the conventional three‐stream bicarbonate‐based dialysis fluid delivery system, a change in the bicarbonate concentration results in changes in the other electrolytes. In practice, the dialysis machine draws either a little less or more from the bicarbonate concentrate and a little more or less from the acid concentrate, respectively in a three‐stream delivery system. The result not only changes the bicarbonate concentration of the final dialysis fluid but also causes a minor change in the other ingredients.MethodsWe propose a four‐stream bicarbonate‐based dialysis fluid delivery system consisting of an acid concentrate, a base concentrate, a product water, and a new sodium chloride concentrate.ResultsBy adjusting the flow rate ratio between the sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate concentrates, one can achieve the desired bicarbonate concentration in the dialysis fluid without changing the concentration of sodium or ingredients in the acid concentrate. The chloride concentration mirrors the change in bicarbonate but in the opposite direction.ConclusionA four‐stream, bicarbonate‐based dialysis fluid delivery system allows the bicarbonate concentration to be changed without changing the other constituents of the final dialysis fluid.
Short series regarding uncontrolled donor after cardiac death: A call for caution
Authors: Justo Iago , Nutu Anisa , García‐Conde María , Marcacuzco Alberto , Manrique Alejandro , Calvo Jorge , García‐Sesma Álvaro , Caso Óscar , Martín‐Arriscado Carmen , Andrés Amado , Paz Estela , Jiménez‐Romero Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe authors did not receive any funding for this work.
COVID‐19 restrictions should only be lifted when it is safe to do so for Aboriginal communities
Authors: Komesaroff Paul A. , Ah Chee Donna , Boffa John , Kerridge Ian , Tilton Edward 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe NSW Government has proposed a blanket lifting of COVID‐19 restrictions when the proportion of fully vaccinated people rate reaches 70% of the adult population. If implemented, this would have devastating effects on Aboriginal populations. At the present time, vaccination rates in Aboriginal communities remain low. Once restrictions are lifted, unvaccinated people will be at high risk of infection. The risks of serious illness and death among Aboriginal people from a variety of medical conditions are significantly greater than for the wider population. This is also the case with COVID‐19 in First Nations populations around the world. The vulnerability of Aboriginal people is an enduring consequence of colonialism and is exacerbated by the fact that many live in overcrowded and poorly maintained houses in communities with under‐resourced health services. A current workforce crisis and the demographic structure of the population have further hindered the effectiveness of vaccination programmes. Aboriginal organisations have called on state and federal governments to delay any substantial easing of restrictions until full vaccination rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations aged 16 years and older reach 90–95%. They have also called for additional support in the form of supply of vaccines, enhancement of workforce capacity and appropriate incentives to address hesitancy. Australia remains burdened by the legacy of centuries of harm and damage to its First Nations people. Urgent steps must be taken to avoid a renewed assault on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.
Structural and piezoelectric properties of textured NLKNS‐CZ thick films and their application in planar piezoactuator
Authors: Chae Seok‐June , Kim Dae‐Su , Kim Hero , Go Su‐Hwan , Kim Sun‐Woo , Kim Eun‐Ji , Eum Jae‐Min , Kim In‐Su , Nahm Sahn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract0.97(Na0.5‐xLixK0.5)(Nb0.89Sb0.11)O3‐0.03CaZrO3 [(N0.5‐xLxK)(NS)‐CZ] piezoceramic (x = 0.325) has a pseudocubic‐tetragonal‐orthorhombic (PC‐T‐O) multi‐structure. The PC structure formed in this piezoceramic was identified as the R3m rhombohedral structure. This piezoceramic showed the large piezoelectric charge constant (d33) of 515 pC/N due to the PC‐T‐O multi‐structure. The NaNbO3 (NN) templates were used to texture the (N0.5‐xLxK)(NS)‐CZ thick films along the (001) direction, and the textured thick film (x = 0.0375) had a large Lotgering factor of 95.6%. The PC‐T‐O multi‐structure was observed in this thick film (x = 0.0375), but the thick film (x = 0.0325) showed a PC‐O structure owing to the diffusion of the NN templates into the thick film. The textured thick film (x = 0.0375) exhibited an increased d33 of 625 pC/N because of the PC‐T‐O multi‐structure and the lineup of grains along the [001] direction. A textured thick film (x = 0.0375) was used to fabricate a planar‐type actuator to confirm its applicability to electrical devices. This actuator exhibits large acceleration (580.3 G) and displacement (150 μm) at a low electric field of 0.2 kV/mm with a short response time of 3.0 ms. Therefore, the (N0.5‐xLxK)(NS)‐CZ thick films are excellent lead‐free piezoceramics.
Geography and regional economic growth: The high cost of deviating from nature
Authors: Albalate Daniel , Bel Germà , Mazaira‐Font Ferran A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe analyze the role of nature and geography in determining economic and social outcomes. We propose a theoretical model relating geography and nature to economic growth, and examine that model using data from NUTS 2 European regions. By doing this, we identify the predictive power of first‐nature variables to explain regional population distribution. Then we analyze the effects of misadjustment between the actual and predicted distribution of populations on economic performance. Our results indicate that deviating from first‐nature outcomes has a significant negative effect on economic growth. The main policy implication emerging from our analysis is that strategies that harmonize with nature and geography yield better social welfare than those policies that conflict with them.