bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Students' Self-Learning of the San-Yin-Jiao Pressure Procedure Using CD-ROM or Printed Materials
Authors: Kim Jeongeun , Chang Soonbok , Lee Sunkyung , Jun Eunyoung , Kim Younglan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A CD-ROM and printed material on San-Yin-Jiao pressure to lessen labor pain for women were developed as formal didactic instruction using the same content. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to compare self-learning outcomes using the software and the printed materials. Eighty third-year student nurses were randomly allocated to either the CD-ROM group or printed material group. A test was administered after 1 week of study time. A p value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups in self-learning measures. Text-based learning seems to be a convenient educational method because it can be used at any time in any place. However, with more time and faculties available, CD-ROMs may be as effective as traditional learning methods and can be an alternative tool.
Institutional Issues in the Implementation of an International Student Exchange Program
Authors: Duffy Mary E , Farmer Suzette , Ravert Patricia , Huittinen Liisa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article discusses institutional issues related to the development and implementation of an undergraduate student exchange program in nursing. A consortium of four universities in the United States and six nursing schools in three European countries developed an exchange program to teach a common community health module. Thirty-one students from the United States and 30 students from Europe participated in this program, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Education and the European Union. The project commenced with a 3-week meeting of faculty and students to design the 8week exchange program and cultural preparation module. This article describes institutional issues related to the project. Academic issues, nonacademic issues, and exchange procedures are presented. The extended meeting of faculty and students that occurred early in the funding period was critical to this program's success.
Microphthalmos With Cyst: Clinical Presentations and Computed Tomographic Findings
Authors: Weiss Avery , Martinez Carlos , Greenwald Mark 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTFour patients with microphthalmos with cyst were examined and evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Each patient had a different clinical presentation, which varied according to the appearance of the anterior segment and the size and location of the orbital cyst. All had very poor vision in the involved eye. CT was of great value in the diagnosis and definition of this condition. The differentiation of microphthalmos with cyst from coloboma and from other orbital masses by means of CT is discussed.
Nutritional Nystagmus in Infants
Authors: Zak Thaddeus A , D'Ambrosio Francis A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two infants presented with acquired infantile nystagmus. On examination, they manifested peculiar facies, growth and developmental delay, failure to thrive, and a Wernicke's type of nystagmus. Suspicion of a ? vitamin deficiency resulted in correct diagnosis of dietary deficiency and/or enzymatic defect. In both instances, dietary treatment with B vitamins resulted in resolution of the nystagmus and improved growth and development of both individuals. Physicians, especially pediatricians and ophthalmologists, should be alert to the possibility of a Wernicke's type nystagmus in such infants, since the diagnosis may be critical to accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Combined Congenital Glaucoma, Pigmentary Glaucoma, and High Myopia in an Infant
Authors: Weinberger D , Wissenkorn I , Snir M , Cohen S , Ben-Sira I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of congenital glaucoma combined with pigmentary glaucoma and high myopia in a three-month-old infant is described.
The pathophysiology, medical treatment, and review of the literature is discussed.
Ophthalmoscopic Findings in Occult Child Abuse
Authors: Giangiacomo Joseph , Barkett Kenneth J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two previously healthy infants initially presented with vomiting and lethargy. There was a history of whiplash shaken infant syndrome in one infant, but neither child had external or skeletal survey evidence of abuse. However, ophthalmoscopy revealed bilateral retinal hemorrhages, papilledema and vitreous hemorrhage. Subdural aspirations revealed occult hematomas. Both children required ventricular peritoneal shunts to control intracranial pressure. Ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and primary physicians should be aware of the possibility of child abuse in the differential of diagnosis of Terson's syndrome, especially in infants since this may be the only physical finding.
Practical Management of Amblyopia
Authors: Ching Florencio C , Parks Marshall M , Friendly David S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One hundred sixteen strabismus patients with amblyopia treated with initial full-time or part-time conventional occlusion of the preferred eye followed when necessary with maintenance occlusion up to a maximum of nine years were studied. Based on the need for maintenance occlusion, patients were divided into a primary occlusion group, composed of patients who did not require maintenance occlusion and a maintenance group occlusion group, composed of patients who did require maintenance occlusion. The main difference between the two groups of patients was the degree of amblyopia at the onset of occlusion therapy, being significantly greater in the maintenance occlusion group. The maintenance occlusion group showed a significantly higher incidence of visual acuity regression when evaluated at ages 12 and 13 years.
Occlusion therapy administered to strabismus patients in the manner described in this study resulted in significant visual improvement with a regression in visual acuity of no more than an average of one line on the Snellen chart.
Prosthetic Treatment of Severe Microphthalmos in Infancy
Authors: Price Elaine , Simon John W , Calhoun Joseph H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four infants with blind, severely microphthalmia eyes have been treated with cosmetic scleral shells. Through periodic refitting, this method has permitted the development of symmetrical ocular appearance without the need for surgery. We recommend that this treatment be initiated in early infancy in appropriate patients.
Ligneous Conjunctivitis: An Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Authors: Bateman J Bronwyn , Pettit Thomas H , Isenberg Sherwin J , Simons Kenneth B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two siblings, a boy and a girl, developed a chronic, bilateral conjunctivitis with large recurrent pseudomembranes. The diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis was made by excisional biopsies in both. The family was referred for genetic counseling after the second child developed the disorder. On the basis of this family and previous reports, we believe that ligneous conjunctivitis is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and that genetic counseling should be offered to the parents of affected children.
Masked Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Authors: Kraft Stephen P , Scott William E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ninety-two patients treated surgically between 1972 and 1983 were diagnosed initially as having a unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP). On follow-up, eight (8.7%) developed findings of an SOP of the other eye. Such patients have "masked bilateral" superior oblique palsy. All eight patients had unilateral inferior oblique weakening with or without contralateral inferior rectus recession as the initial surgery. The "unmasking" of the contralateral palsy manifested in seven cases by an overaction of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle and appeared an average of 9.8 weeks (range five days to 11 months) after the first surgery. Their preoperative mean V-shift (7.6 diopters), mean excyclotorsion (5.7 degrees), and mean difference of hyperdeviation on right versus left tilt (19.6 diopters) were not significantly different from the respective values for patients with unilateral SOP (5.0 diopters, 4.3 degrees, 19.0 diopters).
Management of Superior Oblique Palsy After Surgery for True Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Eustis H Sprague , O'Reilly Carole , Crawford John S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirty patients requiring surgery for true Brown's syndrome were examined postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from three months to 20 years. Eight-five percent of patients demonstrated some degree of superior oblique palsy, with 54% having a decompensated condition and 30% requiring a second surgical procedure. Patients with marked preoperative restriction appear to be at increased risk for developing a decompensated superior oblique palsy postoperatively. Solutions to this problem are suggested: 1) perform tenotomy at insertion and preserve the adjacent intermuscular septum so a less crippling effect is seen; 2) combine tenotomy with inferior oblique weakening initially in those patients with marked preoperative restriction.
Visual Acuity Development in Normal and Abnormal Preterm Human Infants
Authors: Norcia Anthony M , PhD Christopher W Tyler , Piecuch Robert , Clyman Ronald , Grobstein Joan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The grating acuity of preterm infants was determined by measurements of the visual evoked potential (VEP) produced by phase alternation of sinusoidal luminance gratings. The development of visual acuity in healthy preterm infants appears to be accelerated when compared with full term infants of the same post-conceptual age. Cortical insults and the more advanced stages of retinopathy of prematurity may adversely affect acuity development as indexed by the VEP. Preterm twins also appear to have lower acuity than preterm monoparous infants.
Congenital Retinoblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Plotsky David , Quinn Graham , Eagle Ralph , Shields Jerry , Granowetter Linda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Retinoblastoma is usually diagnosed during the first three years of life, with an average age of diagnosis of 18 months. It is almost never found at birth except when there is a positive family history which prompts an early fundus examination. We report a case of unilateral nonfamilial retinoblastoma which was so advanced at birth that it had already produced a perforated globe. Despite enucleation, radiation, and chemotherapy, massive orbital recurrence developed which necessitated a modified orbital exenteration. In spite of this aggressive therapy the child died of metastatic retinoblastoma at age eight months.
Reoperations for Esotropia
Authors: King Robert A , Calhoun Joseph H , Nelson Leonard B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The results of bilateral medial rectus rerecession and bilateral lateral rectus resection for patients with under-corrected or recurrent esotropia after medial rectus recession are compared. Medial rectus rerecession resulted in a high rate of consecutive exotropia. Lateral rectus resection was more accurate but was often accompanied by undercorrection. Minimal millimeter amounts of rerecession yielded large diopter results. Except in cases where medial restrictive factors or obvious errors in magnitude of the original surgery are noted, we feel that bilateral lateral rectus resection is the surgery of choice in patients with recurrent or undercorrected esotropia following medial rectus recession.
Synergistic Divergence and Jaw-Winking Phenomenon
Authors: Hamed Latif M , Dennehy Patrick J , Lingua Robert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Synergistic divergence is a congenital syndrome of monocular adduction deficit, with simultaneous abduction of both eyes on attempted gaze into the field of action of the paretic medial rectus muscle. Based on electromyographic data, it has been speculated that it is a neural miswiring disorder related to Duane's retraction syndrome. The association between Duane's retraction syndrome and the Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon, another neural miswiring disorder, has been previously reported. The authors describe a patient with both bilateral synergistic divergence and Marcus Gunn jawwinking phenomenon.
Traction Testing in Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Plager David A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This report describes the use of superior oblique traction testing in the evaluation of superior oblique palsy. Four consecutive children presenting with signs and symptoms of superior oblique palsy were found to have markedly abnormal tendon laxity with traction testing. Surgical exploration revealed anomalies including three with elongated lax tendons, one of which had an anomalous insertion, and one absent tendon. This tendon laxity is not typically found in acquired superior oblique palsy. It is proposed that, in addition to the well known neurogenic paresis/paralysis, a second type of "palsy" due to anatomic abnormalities of the tendon may exist and be responsible for a number of congenital superior oblique palsies. The mechanical disadvantage of these markedly long tendons may explain why inferior oblique weakening procedures alone frequently fail to correct head tilts due to superior oblique palsy in infancy.
True Transposition Procedures
Authors: Diamond Gary R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients with large-angle strabismus and irreversible amblyopia in a previously-operated eye underwent a true transposition procedure in which a segment of resected extraocular muscle was used to lengthen its antagonist. Postoperative results were satisfactory and stable during follow-up of 9 to 14 months. Four prism diopters of deviation were corrected per millimeter of "alteration" (mm resection plus mm lengthening plus mm recession minus mm advancement).
True transposition procedures can permit surgeons to capture large strabismus deviations with two-muscle surgery on one eye, appear safe and predictable, and offer an option in those patients who refuse adjustable suture techniques.
Microspherophakia in Association With the Rhizomelic Form of Chondrodysplasia Punctata
Authors: Eustis H Sprague , Yaplee Steven M , Kogutt Marvin , Ginsberg Harley G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Chondrodysplasia punctata is a multisystem disorder, primarily involving the musculoskeletal system, skin, and eyes. Children with the rhizomelic form of this syndrome have characteristic facies with a saddle-nose deformity, hypertelorism, and frontal bossing. The musculoskeletal changes include proximal limb shortening, flexion contractures, congenital hip dislocations, and the characteristic radiographic finding of epiphyseal stippling of the axial skeleton and long bones. The most common ocular findings are cataracts and optic atrophy. We describe herein the first reported case of microspherophakia in association with the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata.
Use of High Dose Chloral Hydrate for Ophthalmic Exams in Children: A Retrospective Review of 302 Cases
Authors: Fox Barbara E S , O'Brien Carol O , Kangas Kathy J , Murphree A Linn , Wright Kenneth W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although chloral hydrate sedation has been proposed as an alternative to evaluation under anesthesia for pediatric patients who are unable to cooperate with routine test procedures, a careful study of the drug's safety and effectiveness is lacking. This study reports the effectiveness and safety of high-dose chloral hydrate for ophthalmic examination in 302 patients between the ages of 1 month and 5 years. The patients had nothing to eat or drink for 4 hours prior to drug administration. The patients were monitored during sedation and Until fully awake. Eighty-eight percent of the patients (266/302) were successfully sedated without a supplemental dose. There were no reports of any complications including emesis, respiratory distress or depression, behavioral problems, changes in vital signs, patient injury, or hospital admission. The high-dose chloral hydrate protocol described, results in safe and generally successful sedation of pediatric patients for ophthalmic examination.
Surgical Treatment Options in Cyclotropia
Authors: von Noorden Gunter K , Chu Milton W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report our experience with a procedure involving the transposition and realignment of the vertical recti muscles, in two cases. In the first case, 11° of unilateral excyclotropia was corrected by a one muscle width nasal transposition of the ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle. In the second case, excyclotropia was created in both eyes by a one-half muscle width nasal transposition of both superior recti, and, in a second operation, reversed by a horizontal realignment of these muscles.
We found this procedure to be useful in the treatment of both incyclo- and excyclotropia.
Topical Treatment of Periocular Capillary Hemangioma
Authors: Elsas Frederick J , Lewis Angela R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five patients with vision-threatening per i oc u Ia r capillary hemangiomas were treated with topical clobetasol propionate cream. Two received steroid eye drops. All experienced a decrease in the size of their hemangioma. Topical treatment of periocular capillary hemangioma appears to be well tolerated and, in selected cases, may eliminate the need for intraJesJonal injection of corticosteroids.
Loss of Fusion and the Development of A or V Patterns
Authors: Miller Marijean M , Guyton David L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To test the hypothesis that loss of fusion predisposes the ocular motor system to the development of A or V patterns, we reviewed the pre- and postoperative courses of patients with intermittent exotropia overcorrected with horizontal muscle surgery. Of 332 patients who had surgery, 21 experienced at least 1 month of consecutive esotropia. An equal number of age-matched patients who maintained fusion postoperatively served as controls. No patient in either group had a preoperative A or V pattern. At the first return visit, at least 4 weeks postoperatively, 4 (19%) of the 21 patients with consecutive esotropia showed an A or V pattern, whereas none of the 21 control patients did so. At the end of follow up (mean of 27 months for patients with consecutive esotropia and 29 months for controls), 9 (43%) of the 21 patients with consecutive esotropia showed an A or V pattern versus 1 (5%) of the 21 controls. These findings strongly suggest that loss of fusion is instrumental in the development of A or V patterns, consistent with "sensory torsion" theory of A and V pattern development.
Saccadic Velocity Analysis in Patients With Divergence Paralysis
Authors: Lim Lucious , Rosenbaum Arthur L , Demer Joseph L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twelve patients with clinical findings of divergence paralysis underwent horizontal saccadic velocity testing. Peak velocities were measured using digitally sampled electro-oculography during 10°, 20°, and 30° saccades. Results were compared with those of 12 age-matched controls. The peak saccadic velocities of each eye in adduction and 10° abduction did not differ from those of age-matched controls (P>.05). The 20° and 30° abducting saccades showed mildly reduced saccadic velocities when compared with controls (P<.05). The finding of only mildly reduced abduction saccadic velocities bilaterally is not consistent with bilateral lateral rectus palsy. The data support the hypothesis that divergence paralysis represents a distinct clinical entity unrelated to abducens nerve paresis and argues for the existence of an active divergence center.
We further report the surgical results of five patients who were treated with strabismus surgery. A 4.0 to 6.0 mm bilateral lateral rectus muscle resection corrected 16 to 30 Δ of esotropia at distance without resulting in an overcorrection at near. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle resection is an effective therapy for divergence paralysis.
Improvement in Visual Acuity in Children With Ectopia Lentis
Authors: Speedwell Lynne , Russell-Eggitt Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The early development of vision in an eye with a dislocated lens is often poor, leading to disappointing postoperative results due to amblyopia. A retrospective review of the best corrected visual acuity of 49 eyes of 27 children with ectopia lentis, who were rendered aphakic either spontaneously or by lensectomy, showed a gradual improvement. Nineteen eyes achieved an early postoperative acuity of 6/12 or better. Of the remaining 30 eyes, 21 were followed up for 1 or more years. During this period, an improvement of two or more Snellen visual acuity lines was noted in all but one of the eyes.
Random Dot Stereoacuity Following Surgical Correction of Infantile Esotropia
Authors: Birch Eileen E , Stager David R , Everett Mary E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Surgical correction of Infantile esotropia prior to age 2 is associated with a higher prevalence of fusion and stereopsis than surgical correction after 2 years of age. The advantages and disadvantages of surgical intervention at the early or late end of this window have been debated in the literature. In the present study, random dot (RD) Stereoacuity outcomes were evaluated in order to determine whether a binocular sensory benefit is associated with early or late surgery. Participants were 73 healthy children enrolled in a prospective study of visual development in infantile esotropia. All children had initial surgical correction at 5 to 16 months of age. RD Stereoacuity was evaluated at approximately 5 years of age (59.7 ±14.9 months). Overall, 41.1% of children demonstrated RD stereopsis. The percentage of children demonstrating RD stereopsis was not significantly different among groups that were surgically corrected at 5 to 8 months (43.8%), 9 to 12 months (47.4%), and 13 to 16 months (31.8%). However, among those children who achieved RD stereopsis, the prevalence of fovea! (60 sec) or macular (61 to 200 sec) Stereoacuity was significantly higher among those who had surgery at 5 to 8 months (42.9%; Z= 2.06, p<0.02) or 9 to 12 months (55.6%; Z= 2.38, p· 0.009) than among those who had surgery at 13 to 16 months (0.0%). Although surgical correction of infantile esotropia during the first year of life is not associated with a higher prevalence of RD stereopsis, it Is associated with better RD Stereoacuity among those children who achieve stereopsis following surgery.