bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental histology predicted adverse outcomes in extremely premature neonates in Norway—population‐based study
Authors: Budal Elisabeth B. , Ebbing Cathrine , Kessler Jørg , Bains Sukhjeet , Haugen Olav H. , Aukland Stein M. , Eide Geir Egil , Halvorsen Thomas , Bentsen Mariann H. L. , Collett Karin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimWe evaluated the role of placental pathology in predicting adverse outcomes for neonates born extremely preterm (EPT) before 28 weeks of gestation.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of 123 extremely preterm singletons born in a hospital in western Norway, and the placentas were classified according to the Amsterdam criteria. The associations between histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA), by the presence or the absence of a foetal inflammatory response (FIR+ or FIR−), maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) as a whole and adverse neonatal outcomes were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. Adverse outcomes were defined as perinatal death, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), brain pathology by magnetic resonance imaging at term‐equivalent age, retinopathy of prematurity and early‐onset neonatal sepsis. The results are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsHCA was associated with NEC (OR 12.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 137.1). HCA/FIR+ was associated with BPD (OR 14.9, 95% CI 1.8–122.3) and brain pathology (OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.4–71.6), but HCA/FIR− was not. The only neonatal outcome that MVM was associated with was low birthweight.ConclusionPlacental histology provided important information when assessing the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes following EPT birth.
Microscopy suggests that glutathione S‐transferase is stored in large granules of myeloid cells in bone marrow and sparse granulocytes of the regenerating tail of lizard
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroscopy suggests that glutathione S‐transferase is stored in large granules of myeloid cells in bone marrow and sparse granulocytes of the regenerating tail of lizard. Acta Zoologica (Stockolm). Tail regeneration in lizards occurs after an immune‐privileged blastema and is formed where various immunosuppressive cells and biomolecules keep inflammation low. Molecules that limit inflammation may include glutathione and glutathione S‐transferase (GST). These molecules reduce reactive oxidative species (ROS) and detoxify extraneous molecules. In the present study, the presence of GST has been analysed in the early phases of tail regeneration in the lizard Podarcis muralis. Using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against epitopes present in GST of P. muralis, a light and electron microscopy immunohistochemical and Western blotting study has been done. The study detected proteins of 25 and 32 kDa in pale‐medium electron‐dense and large granules present in promyelocytes and myelocytes of likely basophilic or eosinophilic fate that is present in the bone marrow of tail vertebrae. These cells are still proliferating and give rise to basophilic or eosinophilic granulocytes that also migrate into the regenerating tail. The enzyme stored in granules of promyelocytes and myelocytes is also localized in the cytoplasm of granulocytes present in the regenerating blastema‐cone, basophilic or/and eosinophilic. It is suggested that these granulocytes in the blastema reduce ROS and detoxify potentially inflammatory metabolites, contributing with other molecules to limit inflammation and favour regeneration.
Islamic financial services industry: Aspirations and achievements
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIslamic Financial Services Industry (IFSI) crosses the age of 40 years, and sufficient empirical evidence exists to evaluate in light of the distinctive aspirations. This study fills the gap in the literature by evaluating the performance of IFSI in light of Islamic finance objectives—financial stability, equitable distribution of wealth and social responsibility; Shari’ah principles, and professional practices. Our investigation documents the achievements based on real accounting data from 23 countries, and the suitability of tools in practice to achieve the stated objectives by promotors of IFSI. Findings suggest that the objectives of IFSI have been achieved to an extent. However, visible contribution to the achievement of socio‐economic justice is yet to emerge. Practical application of tools shows divergence (in spirit) from the original design, primarily to achieve integration and coherence with the prevailing conventional financial system. IFSI needs collaborative efforts to overcome the challenges at hand.
Estimation of the Odds Ratio in a Proportional Odds Model with Censored Time-Lagged Outcome in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tsiatis Anastasios A. , Davidian Marie , Holloway Shannon T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In many randomized clinical trials of therapeutics for COVID-19, the primary outcome is an ordinal categorical variable, and interest focuses on the odds ratio (OR; active agent vs control) under the assumption of a proportional odds model. Although at the final analysis the outcome will be determined for all subjects, at an interim analysis, the status of some participants may not yet be determined, for example, because ascertainment of the outcome may not be possible until some prespecified follow-up time. Accordingly, the outcome from these subjects can be viewed as censored. A valid interim analysis can be based on data only from those subjects with full follow-up; however, this approach is inefficient, as it does not exploit additional information that may be available on those for whom the outcome is not yet available at the time of the interim analysis. Appealing to the theory of semiparametrics, we propose an estimator for the OR in a proportional odds model with censored, time-lagged categorical outcome that incorporates additional baseline and time-dependent covariate information and demonstrate that it can result in considerable gains in efficiency relative to simpler approaches. A byproduct of the approach is a covariate-adjusted estimator for the OR based on the full data that would be available at a final analysis.
Atorvastatin restores imbalance of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells in immune thrombocytopenia in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Xu Pengcheng , Zhao Yajing , Yu Tianshu , Yu Yafei , Ni Xiaofei , Wang Haoyi , Sun Lu , Han Panpan , Wang Lingjun , Sun Tao , Liu Xinguang , Zhou Hai , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Hou Yu , Xu Miao 
Published: November 2021

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune haemorrhagic disease, in which the overactivation of T cells is crucial in the pathogenesis. Atorvastatin (AT), a lipid‐lowering medicine, has shown promising immunomodulatory effects in certain inflammatory conditions. However, the immunoregulatory role of AT in ITP remains elusive. To investigate the effect of AT in the treatment of ITP, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells were isolated from patients with ITP and cultured with different dosages of AT. We found that AT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, led to cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and repressed the activation of CD4+ T cells in vitro. ITP murine models were then established, and results showed that AT treatment led to faster recovery of the platelet count to normal and exhibited comparable immunomodulatory function. Furthermore, we found the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), as well as activation of rat sarcoma virus (RAS) were all reduced dramatically after AT treatment in vitro. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that AT could reinstate the functions of CD4+ T cells by inhibiting the excessive activation, proliferation, and survival of CD4+ T cells in ITP via the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK and the mTOR/phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. Therefore, we propose that AT could be used as a potential therapeutic option for ITP by restoring the over‐activated cellular immunity.
The representation of emotion knowledge across development
Authors: Woodard Kristina , Zettersten Martin , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study examined how children spontaneously represent facial cues associated with emotion. 106 three‐ to six‐year‐old children (48 male, 58 female; 9.4% Asian, 84.0% White, 6.6% more than one race) and 40 adults (10 male, 30 female; 10% Hispanic, 30% Asian, 2.5% Black, 57.5% White) were recruited from a Midwestern city (2019–2020), and sorted emotion cues in a spatial arrangement method that assesses emotion knowledge without reliance on emotion vocabulary. Using supervised and unsupervised analyses, the study found evidence for continuities and gradual changes in children's emotion knowledge compared to adults. Emotion knowledge develops through an incremental learning process in which children change their representations using combinations of factors—particularly valence—that are weighted differently across development.
YTHDF1 promotes mRNA degradation via YTHDF1‐AGO2 interaction and phase separation
Authors: Li Jiong , Chen Ke , Dong Xin , Xu Yating , Sun Qi , Wang Honghong , Chen Zhen , Liu Cong , Liu Rong , Yang Zhe , Mei Xiangfei , Zhang Rongyu , Chang Liuping , Tian Zongwen , Chen Jianjun , Liang Kaiwei , He Chunjiang , Luo Mengcheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesYTHDF1 is known as a m6A reader protein, and many researches of YTHDF1 focused on the regulation of mRNA translation efficiency. However, YTHDF1 is also related to RNA degradation, but how YTHDF1 regulates mRNA degradation is indefinite. Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of membraneless compartments in mammal cells, and there are few reports focused on the correlation of RNA degradation with LLPS. In this research, we focused on the mechanism of YTHDF1 degraded mRNA through LLPS.Materials and MethodsThe CRISPR/Cas9 knock out system was used to establish the YTHDF1 knock out (YTHDF1‐KO) cell lines (HEK293 and HeLa) and METTL14 knock out (METTL14‐KO) cell line (HEK293). 4SU‐TT‐seq was used to check the half‐life changes of mRNAs. Actinomycin D and qPCR were used to test the half‐life changes of individual mRNA. RNA was stained with SYTO RNA‐select dye in wild type (WT) and YTHDF1‐KO HeLa cell lines. Co‐localization of YTHDF1 and AGO2 was identified by immunofluorescence. The interaction domain of YTHDF1 and AGO2 was identified by western blot. Phase separation of YTHDF1 was performed in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) was performed on droplets as an assessment of their liquidity.ResultsIn this research, we found that deletion of YTHDF1 led to massive RNA patches deposited in cytoplasm. The results of 4SU‐TT‐seq showed that deletion of YTHDF1 would prolong the half‐life of mRNAs. Immunofluorescence data showed that YTHDF1 and AGO2 could co‐localize in P‐body, and Co‐IP results showed that YTHDF1 could interact with AGO2 through YT521‐B homology (YTH) domain. We confirmed that YTHDF1 could undergo phase separation in vitro and in vivo, and compared with AGO2, YTHDF1 was more important in P‐body formation. The FRAP results showed that liquid AGO2 droplets would convert to gel/solid when YTHDF1 was deleted. As AGO2 plays important roles in miRISCs, we also found that miRNA‐mediate mRNA degradation is related to YTHDF1.ConclusionsYTHDF1 recruits AGO2 through the YTH domain. YTHDF1 degrades targeting mRNAs by promoting P‐body formation through LLPS. The deletion of YTHDF1 causes the P‐body to change from liquid droplets to gel/solid droplets, and form AGO2/RNA patches, resulting in a degradation delay of mRNAs. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized crosstalk between YTHDF1 and AGO2, raising a new sight of mRNA post‐transcriptional regulation by YTHDF1.
Loggerhead marine turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at smaller sizes than expected in the Gulf of Mexico: Implications for turtle behavior, population dynamics, and conservation
Authors: Benscoter Allison M. , Smith Brian J. , Hart Kristen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEstimates of parameters that affect population dynamics, including the size at which individuals reproduce, are crucial for efforts aimed at understanding how imperiled species may recover from the numerous threats they face. In this study, we observed loggerhead marine turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting at three sites in the Gulf of Mexico at sizes assumed nonreproductive in this region (≤87 cm curved carapace length‐notch [CCL‐n]). These smaller individuals ranged from 74.0 to 86.9 cm CCL‐n, and the proportion of smaller nesting loggerheads was 0.13 across three study sites: Gulf Shores, AL; Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida (FL); and Everglades National Park (ENP), FL. The greatest proportion of smaller nesters was observed at ENP at 0.24. Tracking data indicated that the smaller nesters migrated shorter distances and swam in shallower waters compared to the larger nesting loggerheads (>87 cm CCL‐n) in our dataset. These results provide valuable information on two of the smallest subpopulations of NW Atlantic loggerheads and understudied ENP turtles. Our results have potential applications in the classification and interpretation of stranding limits and bycatch estimates, population modeling (e.g., stage durations and fecundity), and understanding threats and subpopulation recovery efforts for multiple subpopulations of this imperiled species.
Establishment and validation of a didactic musculoskeletal ultrasound course for dermatologists using an innovative handheld ultrasound system – the MUDE study (Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Dermatology)
Authors: Grobelski Jakub , Recker Florian , Wilsmann‐ Theis Dagmar , Hartung Wolfgang , Karakostas Pantelis , Brossart Peter , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn the early detection of arthritis, such as psoriatic arthritis, musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) of painful joints plays an important role in diagnosis. Pathological findings can be missed during clinical examination, especially if conducted by physicians who are not trained. The objective of this study was to examine a pilot MSUS course designed specifically for dermatologists, the MUDE protocol.MethodsTo assess the degree of MSUS expertise of the participants, a questionnaire using SurveyMonkey® was completed before the course. The course concept covered only the most important ultrasound sections of all joints and focused on the detection of joint effusion and hyperperfusion. The course consisted of three modules and was carried out over six months. The portable Butterfly IQ® system in combination with an Apple iPad was provided to enable practice between the courses. The final teaching evaluation was carried out as an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).ResultsTwelve dermatologists participated. The survey revealed no prior knowledge of MSUS. The overall score of all participants in the OSCE was 21.86 (87.44 %) out of a total of 25 points, which corresponded to the school grade good.ConclusionThe innovative MUDE protocol is thus particularly suitable for the training of dermatologists in MSUS, irrespective of prior knowledge.
Migraine and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review
Authors: Scutelnic Adrian , Mattle Heinrich P. , Branca Mattia , Jung Simon , Reichlin Tobias , Fischer Urs , Schankin Christoph J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePatients with migraine are at increased risk of stroke. The aim was to systematically review the current literature on the association between migraine and atrial fibrillation, which is a relevant risk factor for stroke.MethodsPubMed was searched for ‘migraine’ AND ‘atrial fibrillation’ and selected original investigations on the association of migraine and atrial fibrillation for our analysis. Articles without original data, such as guidelines, narrative reviews, editorials and others, were excluded.ResultsIn all, 109 publications were found. Twenty‐two were included and analysed for this review. The population‐based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study showed a significant association of migraine with visual aura and incident atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.62, p = 0.02), but not for migraine without aura, compared to non‐headache persons after multivariable adjustment for vascular risk factors. An even larger population‐based study in Denmark confirmed this association (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.36). Studies investigating patients with ischaemic stroke and migraine are methodologically insufficient and provide contradictory results. Ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with migraine might reduce migraine attacks, but transient post‐ablation new‐onset migraine‐like headaches in persons without a history of migraine have also been reported.ConclusionPopulation‐based studies indicate a significant association of migraine with aura and atrial fibrillation. In practical terms, screening for atrial fibrillation in patients who have a long history of migraine might be reasonable, whereas in patients with stroke or other disorders and migraine extensive screening for atrial fibrillation should be performed as in all patients without migraine.
Fractionated semen collection as a diagnostic tool for reproductive pathologies in stallions
Authors: Oliveira S. N. , de Araujo E. A. B. , Silva L. F. M. C. , Hayashi R. M. , Merenda V. R. , Papa F. O. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe alterations found in the ejaculate of stallions, obtained through fractionated semen collection, may be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the origin of the pathology. The occurrence of seminal vesiculitis, lacerations and urethral rents, bulbourethritis, and prostatitis may be accurately identified through the use of fractionated semen collection. However, because findings can at times be vague or misleading, if possible, one should pursue complimentary examinations for a definitive diagnosis. The clinical findings obtained through the fractionated semen collection should be reasonably interpreted by the veterinarian. Thus, we aimed to illustrate the findings obtained through fractionated semen collection in stallions with ejaculate alterations, which may allow the identification of the origin of pathological alterations.
Immunological drivers of IgA nephropathy: Exploring the mucosa–kidney link
Authors: Selvaskandan Haresh , Barratt Jonathan , Cheung Chee Kay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common pattern of primary glomerular disease reported worldwide. Up to 40% of those with IgAN progress to end‐stage kidney disease within 20 years of diagnosis, with no currently available disease‐specific treatment. This is likely to change rapidly, with evolving insights into the mechanisms driving this disease. IgAN is an immune‐complex–mediated disease, and its pathophysiology has been framed by the ‘four‐hit hypothesis’, which necessitates four events to occur for clinically significant disease to develop. However, this hypothesis does not explain the wide variability observed in its presentation or clinical progression. Recently, there has been great interest in exploring the role of the mucosal immune system in IgAN, especially given the well‐established link between mucosal infections and disease flares. Knowledge of antigen–mucosal interactions is now being successfully leveraged for therapeutic purposes; the gut‐directed drug Nefecon (targeted release formulation‐budesonide) is on track to become the first medication to be approved specifically for the treatment of IgAN. In this review, we examine established immunological paradigms in IgAN, explore how antigen–mucosal immune responses drive disease, and discuss how this knowledge is being used to develop new treatments.
Internal migration patterns of foreign citizens in Italy
Authors: Casacchia Oliviero , Reynaud Cecilia , Strozza Salvatore , Tucci Enrico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternal migration has a strong impact on population redistribution, and plays a significant role in social cohesion. In Italy, the foreign population is a mosaic made up of minorities with different demographic characteristics. The aim of this study is to unveil, by means of a gravity model and using data from the Italian population register from 2014 to 2017, significant differences between national and foreign citizens’ inter‐provincial migration patterns. Some migrants, such as the Ukrainian citizens, follow a process of spatial assimilation while others, as in the case of Chinese citizens, respond to the call of migration networks. The role played by the distance of the inter‐provincial migration in making these moves is also different, and varies from citizenship to citizenship: Indians and Albanians are more willing to travel longer distances; conversely, Romanians and Ukrainians frequently opt for shorter moves.
Epigenetics and tissue immunity—Translating environmental cues into functional adaptations*
Authors: Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Stewart Benjamin J. , Guo Shuang Andrew , Clatworthy Menna R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing appreciation that many innate and adaptive immune cell subsets permanently reside within non‐lymphoid organs, playing a critical role in tissue homeostasis and defense. The best characterized are macrophages and tissue‐resident T lymphocytes that work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ‐specific environmental cues. The interaction of tissue epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells is also required to attract, differentiate, polarize and maintain organ immune cells in their tissue niche. All of these processes require dynamic regulation of cellular transcriptional programmes, with epigenetic mechanisms playing a critical role, including DNA methylation and post‐translational histone modifications. A failure to appropriately regulate immune cell transcription inevitably results in inadequate or inappropriate immune responses and organ pathology. Here, with a focus on the mammalian kidney, an organ which generates differing regional environmental cues (including hypersalinity and hypoxia) due to its physiological functions, we will review the basic concepts of tissue immunity, discuss the technologies available to profile epigenetic modifications in tissue immune cells, including those that enable single‐cell profiling, and consider how these mechanisms influence the development, phenotype, activation and function of different tissue immune cell subsets, as well as the immunological function of structural cells.
Autoimmunity in motion: Mechanisms of immune regulation and destruction revealed by in vivo imaging*
Authors: Jacobelli Jordan , Buser Alan E. , Heiden Dustin L. , Friedman Rachel S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutoimmunity arises when mechanisms of immune tolerance fail. Here we discuss mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance and the dynamics of the autoimmune response at the site of disease. Live imaging of autoimmunity provides the ability to analyze immune cell dynamics at the single‐cell level within the complex intact environment where disease occurs. These analyses have revealed mechanisms of T cell activation and tolerance in the lymph nodes, mechanisms of T cell entry into sites of autoimmune disease, and mechanisms leading to pathogenesis or protection in the autoimmune lesions. The overarching conclusions point to stable versus transient T cell antigen presenting cell interactions dictating the balance between T cell activation and tolerance, and T cell restimulation as a driver of pathogenesis at the site of autoimmunity. Findings from models of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes are highlighted, however, the results have implications for basic mechanisms of T cell regulation during immune responses, tumor immunity, and autoimmunity.