bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price Learning-based Incentive Mechanism for Mobile Crowd Sensing
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Xinglin 
Published: June 2021

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) is an emerging sensing paradigm that can be applied to build various smart city and IoT applications. In an MCS application, the participation level of mobile users plays an essential role. Thus a great many incentive mechanisms have been proposed to motivate users. However, most of these works focus on the bidding behavior of users and overlook the feature of task requesters. Specifically, there exists a disparity between the low payment a requester would like to make and the high reward a user would like to receive. In this work, we address this issue by designing a group-buying-based online incentive mechanism, which contains two stages: In Stage I, a price learning algorithm is designed to select winning tasks for each group of sensing tasks and obtain a competitive total budget for recruiting users. In Stage II, an online auction is conducted between group agents and online users before a given recruitment deadline. Through theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations, we show that the proposed mechanisms possess computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget balance, truthfulness, and good performance.
Body Mass Index, Height, Weight Change, and Subsequent Lung Cancer Risk: The Japan Public Health Center–Based Prospective Study
Authors: Abe Sarah K. , Narita Saki , Saito Eiko , Sawada Norie , Shimazu Taichi , Goto Atsushi , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Body mass index (BMI) is inversely associated with lung cancer risk, while residual confounding by smoking or weight change is controversial. Evidence on height and lung cancer is scarce.

Methods:
We investigated the associations between anthropometrics, BMI, and height, and incidence of lung cancer among 92,098 study subjects (44,158 men and 47,940 women) in the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed with adjustment for potential confounders and by cancer subtypes and smoking status. Information on weight and height was self-reported at baseline, and validated using measured health check-up data.

Results:
During follow-up between 1990 and 2013 (average, 19.1 years), a total of 2,152 lung cancer cases were newly diagnosed. In a multivariate regression model, lower BMI was positively associated with overall lung cancer risk [&lt;19 kg/m2 HR = 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–1.85 and 19–22.9 kg/m2; HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05–1.35; Ptrend = &lt;0.001] in men. The risk estimate was also elevated for adenocarcinoma in the BMI &lt;19 kg/m2 category and for squamous cell carcinoma among men in the 19–22.9 kg/m2 BMI category. An association was also observed between low BMI, weight decrease, and squamous cell carcinoma in women. No significant associations were observed for other weight categories, height, weight change and lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, squamous and small cell carcinoma.

Conclusions:
Our prospective study suggests that lower BMI may be associated with an increased risk of smoking-related lung cancer in Japan, irrespective of gender.

Impact:
This study highlights the association between lower BMI and the risk of lung cancer in men.
Identifying Area-Level Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage Using Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Wheeler David C. , Miller Carrie A. , Do Elizabeth K. , Ksinan Albert J. , Trogdon Justin G. , Chukmaitov Askar , Fuemmeler Bernard F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection within the United States (US). Despite clinical agreement on the effectiveness and widespread availability of the prophylactic HPV vaccine, vaccination coverage in the US is suboptimal and varies by geographic region and area-level variables. The goals of this article were to model the variation in vaccination rates among boys and girls within ZIP Codes in Virginia, determine whether neighborhood sociodemographic variables explain variation in HPV vaccination, and identify areas with significantly depressed vaccination coverage.

Methods:
We used Bayesian hierarchical spatial regression models with statewide immunization registry data to consider the correlation in vaccination among boys and girls, as well as the spatial correlation in vaccination for each sex.

Results:
The results showed low vaccination coverage in our birth cohort (28.9% in girls and 23.8% in boys) relative to the national level (56.8% and 51.8%, respectively). Several area-level variables were significantly and positively associated with vaccination coverage, including population density, percentage of Hispanic population, and average number of vehicles. In addition, there were several areas of significantly lowered vaccination coverage, including predominantly rural ones, and overall large geographic disparities in HPV vaccination.

Conclusions:
Determining the geospatial patterning and area-level factors associated with HPV vaccination within a prescribed geographic area helps to inform future planning efforts.

Impact:
The results of this study will help inform future planning efforts for geographically targeted interventions and policies, as well as drive new research to implement clinical and community strategies to increase HPV vaccination.
ATR Inhibitors and Paclitaxel in Melanoma
Authors: Ashworth Alan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A phase I study defined a tolerable combination of the ATR inhibitor ceralasertib with paclitaxel and responses were seen in patients with melanoma who had progressed on an immune checkpoint inhibitor. This combination warrants further exploration to determine the extent and molecular determinants of clinical activity.
See related article by Kim et al., p. 4700
Adipokine Apelin/APJ Pathway Promotes Peritoneal Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Regulating Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Dogra Samrita , Neelakantan Deepika , Patel Maulin M. , Griesel Beth , Olson Ann , Woo Sukyung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Adipose tissue, which can provide adipokines and nutrients to tumors, plays a key role in promoting ovarian cancer metastatic lesions in peritoneal cavity. The adipokine apelin promotes ovarian cancer metastasis and progression through its receptor APJ, which regulates cell proliferation, energy metabolism, and angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional role and mechanisms of the apelin-APJ pathway in ovarian cancer metastasis, especially in context of tumor cell–adipocyte interactions. When co-cultured in the conditioned media (AdipoCM) derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which express and secrete high apelin, human ovarian cancer cells with high APJ expression showed significant increases in migration and invasion in vitro. We also found that cells expressing high levels of APJ had increased cell adhesion to omentum ex vivo, and preferentially “home-in” on the omentum in vivo. These apelin-induced pro-metastatic effects were reversed by APJ antagonist F13A in a dose-dependent manner. Apelin-APJ activation increased lipid droplet accumulation in ovarian cancer cells, which was further intensified in the presence of AdipoCM and reversed by F13A or APJ knockdown. Mechanistically, this increased lipid uptake was mediated by CD36 upregulation via APJ-STAT3 activation, and the lipids were utilized in promoting fatty acid oxidation via activation of AMPK-CPT1a axis. Together, our studies demonstrate that adipocyte-derived apelin activates APJ-expressing tumor cells in a paracrine manner, promoting lipid uptake and utilization and providing energy for ovarian cancer cell survival at the metastatic sites. Hence, the apelin-APJ pathway presents a novel therapeutic target to curb ovarian cancer metastasis.

Implications:
Targeting the APJ pathway in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is a novel strategy to inhibit peritoneal metastasis.
Depression as a Risk Factor for Incident Ischemic Stroke Among HIV‐Positive Veterans in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Sico Jason J. , Kundu Suman , So‐Armah Kaku , Gupta Samir K. , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Butt Adeel A. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Marconi Vincent C. , Crystal Stephen , Tindle Hilary A. , Freiberg Matthew S. , Stewart Jesse C. 
Published: June 2021

Background
HIV infection and depression are each associated with increased ischemic stroke risk. Whether depression is a risk factor for stroke within the HIV population is unknown.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data on 106 333 (33 528 HIV‐positive; 72 805 HIV‐negative) people who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease from an observational cohort of HIV‐positive people and matched uninfected veterans in care from April 1, 2003 through December 31, 2014.
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
) codes from medical records were used to determine baseline depression and incident stroke. Depression occurred in 19.5% of HIV‐positive people. After a median of 9.2 years of follow‐up, stroke rates were highest among people with both HIV and depression and lowest among those with neither condition. In Cox proportional hazard models, depression was associated with an increased risk of stroke for HIV‐positive people after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and cerebrovascular risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.34; 0.014). The depression‐stroke relationship was attenuated by alcohol use disorders, cocaine use, and baseline antidepressant use, and unaffected by combined antiretroviral therapy use or individual antiretroviral agents. A numerically higher HR of depression on stroke was found among those younger than 60 years.

Conclusions
Depression is associated with an increased risk of stroke among HIV‐positive people after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, traditional cerebrovascular risk factors, and HIV‐specific factors. Alcohol use disorders, cocaine use, and baseline antidepressant use accounted for some of the observed stroke risk. Depression may be a novel, independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in HIV, particularly among younger people.
Long‐Term Survival and Freedom From Coronary Artery Reintervention After Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Population‐Based Nationwide Study
Authors: Koubský Karel , Gebauer Roman , Tláskal Tomáš , Matějka Tomáš , Poruban Rudolf , Jičínská Denisa , Hučín Bohumil , Janoušek Jan , Chaloupecký Václav 
Published: June 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term survival and freedom from coronary artery reintervention after the arterial switch operation (ASO).

Methods and Results

This single‐center nationwide retrospective study included consecutive children who underwent ASO between 1990 and 2016 (n=605). Long‐term outcomes were obtained by cross‐mapping individual data with the National Death Registry and the National Registry of Cardiovascular Interventions for adults. A control group was randomly retrieved at a 1:10 ratio from the National Birth and Death Registries. Early mortality was 3.3% and late mortality was 1.7% during a median follow‐up of 10 (interquartile range, 5–16) years. The probability of overall survival at 20 years after ASO was 94.9% compared with 99.5% in the background population (hazard ratio [HR] 15.6; 95% CI, 8.9–27.5,
P
<0.001). Independent multivariable predictors of worse survival were an intramural coronary artery (HR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.8–15.2,
P
=0.002) and period of ASO 1990 to 1999 (HR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.5–13.6,
P
<0.001). Fourteen patients (2.3%) required 16 coronary artery reoperations. Freedom from coronary artery reintervention at 20 years after ASO was 96%. The only independent multivariable predictor associated with a higher hazard for coronary artery reintervention was an intramural coronary artery (HR, 33.9; 95% CI, 11.8–97.5,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Long‐term survival after ASO is excellent. Coronary artery reinterventions are rare. An intramural coronary artery was an independent predictor associated with a higher risk for coronary artery reintervention and death, regardless of the surgical period.
Legislative Capacity & Administrative Power Under Divided
Polarization
Authors: Farhang Sean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Conventional wisdom holds that party polarization leads to legislative gridlock, which in turn disables congressional oversight of agencies and thus erodes their constitutional legitimacy and democratic accountability. At the root of this argument is an empirical claim that higher levels of polarization materially reduce legislative productivity as measured by the number of laws passed or the number of issues on the legislative agenda addressed by those laws, both of which are negatively associated with party polarization. By focusing on the content of statutes passed rather than their number, this essay shows that in the era of party polarization and divided government, Congress has actually 1) enacted an ever growing volume of significant regulatory policy (packaged into fewer laws); 2) increasingly employed implementation designs intended to limit bureaucratic and presidential power; and 3) legislated regulatory policy substance in greater detail (reducing bureaucratic discretion) when relying on litigation and courts as a supplement or alternative to bureaucracy. This essay thereby complicates, both empirically and normatively, the relationship between Congress and administrative power in the era of party polarization and divided government.
Curtailing Covid Casualties, From Hospital Room to Courtroom: An Analysis of Ireland’s Deficient Liability Regime During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: O’Leary Diarmuid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article considers the liability of healthcare professionals during public health crises in Ireland. It argues that Covid-19 has shown that Irish law lacks protective measures for healthcare practitioners who elect to value high-capacity care over best possible treatment to smaller numbers of patients. Such a prohibition, it is contended, has the potential to be fatal to the management of public health emergencies and can lead to defensive clinical practices which serve to slow or halt progress in the provision of emergency healthcare. As such, a broad, accessible and clearly-defined immunity regime limited to periods of crisis is recommended in order to allow for the protection of the practitioner and the provision of healthcare to the masses.
The Lament of the Melons
Authors: Storey Tessa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Regimens advising on the management of the non-naturals constituted a significant proportion of the vernacular medical texts in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe. Scholars however are divided as to the extent to which such medical advice was familiar to the majority of the population. This article shows that cheap Italian 8vo song pamphlets, sung in the streets and sold by cantastorie and peddlers, provide evidence for the widespread circulation of preventive medical advice. Street singers were not deliberately transmitting medical knowledge but assumed it was already common knowledge, a shared discourse with which they could entertain their publics. The article concludes with a brief exploration of whether similar texts communicated medical ideas in France and England.
Materia Medica and the History of the Book in Seventeenth-Century Portugal
Authors: Barreiros Bruno , Fontes da Costa Palmira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article provides an analysis of the most successful books on materia medica printed in Portugal in the seventeenth century and their influence on subsequent works. The study is informed by methodologies and concerns from the field of the history of the book and pays particular attention to paratexts, genres as well as to physical formats. It shows that these elements were fundamental in defining intended audiences and in constructing strategies of legitimation for their authors. In addition, it assesses issues of readership by considering the marginalia preserved in some copies of these books. The investigation has also into account a significant number of manuscripts on the subject. In spite of their limited circulation, this article shows the advantage of manuscript culture in the dissemination of knowledge on materia medica. Since they could circumvent censorship, particularly in the case of chemical remedies, they reveal a more open approach towards therapeutic innovations and the integration of new ideas and practices.
The Triumph of Theriac
Authors: Di Gennaro Splendore Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A survey of early modern texts whose titles include the terms theriac and mithridate reveals over 500 publications printed across Europe between 1497 and 1800. These texts present a distinct sequence of medical genres: most of the early theriac-related texts were medical treatises for medical practitioners written by physicians and scholars. Later, apothecaries issued theriac-related publications for lay audiences. Theriac underwent a slow transition from being the object of scientific study to a common drug consumed by patients across the social spectrum. I argue that such theriac-related apothecary publications were fundamental components in the commodification of theriac. My analysis of these publications—especially formulas, virtues, and celebrations—shows that apothecaries reinterpreted and disseminated scholarly medical knowledge, thereby granting lasting visibility to theriac and mithridate.
Joining the UN Family?
Authors: Bradley Megan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) became a related organization in the United Nations system in 2016, and has rebranded itself as the “UN Migration Agency.” This article examines the drivers and significance of IOM’s new relationship with the UN. It traces the evolution of the IOM-UN relationship, and the processes that led to IOM becoming a related organization. While some contend that IOM is still not really part of the UN system, through an analysis of the status and political positioning of related organizations this article demonstrates that, as a related organization, IOM is indeed now part of the UN system. It argues that IOM’s work with forced migrants in the humanitarian sector played a pivotal role in enabling this shift, and considers its implications.
Overview of the Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017
Authors: Stanier Charles O. , Pierce R. Bradley , Abdi-Oskouei Maryam , Adelman Zachariah E. , Al-Saadi Jay , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Bertram Timothy H. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Christiansen Megan B. , Cleary Patricia A. , Czarnetzki Alan C. , Dickens Angela F. , Fuoco Marta A. , Hughes Dagen D. , Hupy Joseph P. , Janz Scott J. , Judd Laura M. , Kenski Donna , Kowalewski Matthew G. , Long Russell W. , Millet Dylan B. , Novak Gordon , Roozitalab Behrooz , Shaw Stephanie L. , Stone Elizabeth A. , Szykman James , Valin Lukas , Vermeuel Michael , Wagner Timothy J. , Whitehill Andrew R. , Williams David J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Lake Michigan Ozone Study 2017 (LMOS 2017) was a collaborative multiagency field study targeting ozone chemistry, meteorology, and air quality observations in the southern Lake Michigan area. The primary objective of LMOS 2017 was to provide measurements to improve air quality modeling of the complex meteorological and chemical environment in the region. LMOS 2017 science questions included spatiotemporal assessment of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission sources and their influence on ozone episodes; the role of lake breezes; contribution of new remote sensing tools such as GeoTASO, Pandora, and TEMPO to air quality management; and evaluation of photochemical grid models. The observing strategy included GeoTASO on board the NASA UC-12 aircraft capturing NO2 and formaldehyde columns, an in situ profiling aircraft, two ground-based coastal enhanced monitoring locations, continuous NO2 columns from coastal Pandora instruments, and an instrumented research vessel. Local photochemical ozone production was observed on 2 June, 9–12 June, and 14–16 June, providing insights on the processes relevant to state and federal air quality management. The LMOS 2017 aircraft mapped significant spatial and temporal variation of NO2 emissions as well as polluted layers with rapid ozone formation occurring in a shallow layer near the Lake Michigan surface. Meteorological characteristics of the lake breeze were observed in detail and measurements of ozone, NOx, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, VOC, oxygenated VOC (OVOC), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition were conducted. This article summarizes the study design, directs readers to the campaign data repository, and presents a summary of findings.
Moisture sources of heavy precipitation in Xinjiang characterized by meteorological patterns
Authors: Yao Shibo , Jiang Dabang , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) is applied to determine the moisture source of heavy precipitation in Xinjiang in the wet season (April–September) from 1979 to 2018. This is investigated for different meteorological patterns of heavy precipitation categories based on the self-organizing maps (SOM) method. The SOM results suggest that there are four main meteorological patterns (N1, N2, N3 and N4) for heavy precipitation in Xinjiang. These match the strength and position of geopotential height anomalies at middle-high levels over Central Asia and indicate the anomalous activities of the Central Asia trough and vortex. Further analysis shows that the heavy precipitation is centered at the Tianshan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains in the N1 and N3 patterns and around the Tianshan Mountains in the N2 and N4 patterns. There are four moisture source regions that contribute to each of the four meteorological patterns for heavy precipitation in Xinjiang, which are listed in descending order of their contribution rates: southern Xinjiang (29–37%), North–Central Asia (19–27%), northern Xinjiang (14–19%), and South–Central Asia (13–16%). The contribution of each source to the heavy precipitation in Xinjiang varies with the meteorological pattern. Additionally, the contribution rates of each source region match well with the precipitation-related particle aggregation before heavy precipitation days. These results help us better understand the moisture source of the heavy precipitation in Xinjiang.