bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in response to repeated intranasal oxytocin in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: A meta‐analysis of variance
Authors: Martins Daniel , Paduraru Maria , Paloyelis Yannis 
Published: March 2021

Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been suggested as a putative adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we examine available evidence from trials investigating the effects of repeated administrations of intranasal OT on the core symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and ASD, focusing on its therapeutic efficacy and heterogeneity of response (meta‐ANOVA). Repeated administration of intranasal OT does not improve most of the core symptoms of schizophrenia and ASD, beyond a small tentative effect on schizophrenia general symptoms. However, we found significant moderator effects for dose in schizophrenia total psychopathology and positive symptoms, and percentage of included men and duration of treatment in schizophrenia general symptoms. We found evidence of heterogeneity (increased variance) in the response of schizophrenia negative symptoms to intranasal OT compared with placebo, suggesting that subgroups of responsive and non‐responsive patients might coexist. For other core symptoms of schizophrenia, or any of the core symptom dimensions in ASD, the response to repeated treatment with intranasal OT did not show evidence of heterogeneity.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor alleviates cyclin A1‐mediated proteasome inhibitor tolerance in mixed‐lineage leukemia
Authors: Ge Maolin , Xu Qiongyu , Kang Ting , Li Dan , Wang Ruiheng , Chen Zhihong , Xie Shufeng , Wang Wenbin , Liu Han 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrug resistance is a significant obstacle to effective cancer treatment. Drug resistance develops from initially reversible drug‐tolerant cancer cells, which offer therapeutic opportunities to impede cancer relapse. The mechanisms of resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy have been investigated intensively, however the ways by which drug‐tolerant cancer cells orchestrate their adaptive responses to drug challenges remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that cyclin A1 suppression elicited the development of transient PI tolerance in mixed‐lineage leukemia (MLL) cells. This adaptive process involved reversible downregulation of cyclin A1, which promoted PI resistance through cell‐cycle arrest. PI‐tolerant MLL cells acquired cyclin A1 dependency, regulated directly by MLL protein. Loss of cyclin A1 function resulted in the emergence of drug tolerance, which was associated with patient relapse and reduced survival. Combination treatment with PI and deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) inhibitors overcame this drug resistance by restoring cyclin A1 expression through chromatin crosstalk between histone H2B monoubiquitination and MLL‐mediated histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. These results reveal the importance of cyclin A1‐engaged cell‐cycle regulation in PI resistance in MLL cells, and suggest that cell‐cycle re‐entry by DUB inhibitors may represent a promising epigenetic therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance.
A novel paired associative stimulation protocol with a high‐frequency peripheral component: A review on results in spinal cord injury rehabilitation
Authors: Shulga Anastasia , Lioumis Pantelis , Kirveskari Erika , Savolainen Sarianna , Mäkelä Jyrki P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, a multitude of therapeutic approaches has been developed for spinal cord injury (SCI), but few have progressed to regular clinical practice. Novel non‐invasive, cost‐effective, and feasible approaches to treat this challenging condition are needed. A novel variant of paired associative stimulation (PAS), high‐PAS, consists of non‐invasive high‐intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and non‐invasive high‐frequency electrical peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). We observed a therapeutic effect of high‐PAS in 20 patients with incomplete SCI with wide range of injury severity, age, and time since injury. Tetraplegic and paraplegic, traumatic, and neurological SCI patients benefited from upper‐ or lower‐limb high‐PAS. We observed increases in manual motor scores (MMT) of upper and lower limbs, functional hand tests, walking tests, and measures of functional independence. We also optimized PAS settings in several studies in healthy subjects and began elucidating the mechanisms of therapeutic action. The scope of this review is to describe the clinical experience gained with this novel PAS approach. This review is focused on the summary of our results and observations and the methodological considerations for researchers and clinicians interested in adopting and further developing this new method.
Logical and natural life in Hegel
Authors: Kabeshkin Anton 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the specific ways in which Hegel's account of life and organisms advances upon Kant's account of natural purposes in the third Critique. First of all, I argue that it is essential for Hegel's account that it contains two levels. The first level is that of logical life, the discussion of which does not depend on any empirical knowledge of natural organisms. I provide my reconstruction of this logical account of life that answers to the objection made by a number of Hegel scholars to the effect that Hegel does in fact rely on empirical knowledge at this place in the logic. The second level is that of natural organisms themselves. I argue that it is with the help of this separation of the logical and natural levels, as well as his doctrine of the impotence of nature, that Hegel, unlike Kant, (a) is able to claim that not everything in natural organisms is purposive, and (b) provide a philosophical, and not merely empirical, account of the distinction between plants and animals. In both of these respects, Hegel's position can be seen as a welcome advance over Kant.
Apolipoprotein E genotype predicts subarachnoid extension in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Ye Xiaodong , Li Guo , Liu Xiaoyan , Song Guini , Jia Yuchao , Wu Chunmei , Wang Xiong , Huang Shanshan , Zhu Suiqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeSpontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) with subarachnoid extension (SAHE) predicts poor outcomes and haematoma expansion in spontaneous ICH and is also a potential predictor of the severity of vascular amyloid deposition. The biological underpinnings of SAHE remain elusive. A study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with SAHE.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of an ongoing prospective cohort of primary spontaneous supratentorial ICH patients admitted to Tongji Hospital. SAHE was rated on baseline noncontrast computed tomography images by investigators blinded to the clinical data.ResultsA total of 189 patients were enrolled. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 copies (p = 0.020), but not APOE ε4 copies (p > 0.2), were more common in patients with SAHE in univariate analysis. After controlling for confounding factors in multiple logistic regression, lobar haematoma (odds ratio [OR] 14.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.89–34.33; p < 0.001), large haematoma volume (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06; p < 0.001) and APOE ε2 copies (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.05–8.97; p = 0.041) were three independent predictors of SAHE. For subgroup analysis stratified by location, APOE ε2 showed a possible association with SAHE in lobar ICH (p = 0.026) but not in deep ICH (p > 0.2). No significant association was found between APOE ε4 copies and either lobar (p > 0.2) or deep ICH (p > 0.2).ConclusionsThe APOE ε2 allele predicts SAHE in spontaneous supratentorial ICH. The association may predominantly apply to lobar ICH. Given the established relationship between the APOE ε2 allele and pathological cerebrovascular changes, our findings suggest that SAHE involves genetically driven vessel pathology.
Service life estimation of self‐piercing riveted joints by linear damage accumulation
Authors: Masendorf Lukas , Wächter Michael , Esderts Alfons , Otroshi Mortaza , Meschut Gerson 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTests under variable amplitude loading on self‐piercing riveted components with semi‐tubular rivets result in longer service lives than those calculated by linear damage accumulation. An overview of the literature shows that damage sums greater than one are found for other types of riveted joints either, while an explanation for this unusual behavior is still missing. Therefore, this behavior is examined in more detail. A correlation is shown between the damage sum and the hardness of the load spectrum. Considering this correlation, the accuracy of the service life estimation can be improved significantly.
Application of a digital image correlation bridge inspection methodology on geometrically complex bifurcated distortion‐induced fatigue cracking
Authors: Al‐Salih Hayder , Juno Mary , Collins William , Bennett Caroline , Li Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistortion‐induced fatigue cracking is a concern for many aging steel bridges in the United States. Human visual inspections to characterize fatigue cracks have many drawbacks including inconsistencies in identification, significant time and monetary costs, and safety risks posed to the lives of both inspectors and the traveling public due to lane closures. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a vision‐based technology which has shown promise for identifying and characterizing fatigue cracks. Three‐dimensional DIC measurements can capture full‐field displacements and strains, allowing for detection and characterization of both in‐plane and distortion‐induced fatigue cracks. This paper describes an experimental study in which a half‐scale steel girder to crossframe subassembly was subjected to distortion‐induced fatigue loading to produce multiple geometrically complex cracks. A DIC‐based crack characterization methodology was applied to quantify the cracks, which was successful at characterizing cracks propagating in the girder web but struggled to characterize horizontal cracks. Additional work is needed to improve the accuracy of the DIC‐based crack characterization methodology to use as an automated bridge inspection tool.
Drought alters the carbon footprint of trees in soils—tracking the spatio‐temporal fate of 13C‐labelled assimilates in the soil of an old‐growth pine forest
Authors: Gao Decai , Joseph Jobin , Werner Roland A , Brunner Ivano , Zürcher Alois , Hug Christian , Wang Ao , Zhao Chunhong , Bai Edith , Meusburger Katrin , Gessler Arthur , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbove and belowground compartments in ecosystems are closely coupled on daily to annual timescales. In mature forests, this interlinkage and how it is impacted by drought is still poorly understood. Here, we pulse‐labelled 100‐year‐old trees with 13CO2 within a 15‐year‐long irrigation experiment in a naturally dry pine forest to quantify how drought regime affects the transfer and use of assimilates from trees to the rhizosphere and associated microbial communities. It took 4 days until new 13C‐labelled assimilates were allocated to the rhizosphere. One year later, the 13C signal of the 3‐h long pulse labelling was still detectable in stem and soil respiration, which provides evidence that parts of the assimilates are stored in trees before they are used for metabolic processes in the rhizosphere. Irrigation removing the natural water stress reduced the mean C residence time from canopy uptake until soil respiration from 89 to 40 days. Moreover, irrigation increased the amount of assimilates transferred to and respired in the soil within the first 10 days by 370%. A small precipitation event rewetting surface soils altered this pattern rapidly and reduced the effect size to +35%. Microbial biomass incorporated 46 ± 5% and 31 ± 7% of the C used in the rhizosphere in the dry control and irrigation treatment respectively. Mapping the spatial distribution of soil‐respired 13CO2 around the 10 pulse‐labelled trees showed that tree rhizospheres extended laterally 2.8 times beyond tree canopies, implying that there is a strong overlap of the rhizosphere among adjacent trees. Irrigation increased the rhizosphere area by 60%, which gives evidence of a long‐term acclimation of trees and their rhizosphere to the drought regime. The moisture‐sensitive transfer and use of C in the rhizosphere has consequences for C allocation within trees, soil microbial communities and soil carbon storage.
Cytokeratin 8/18‐negative somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs, adenomas) show variable morphological features and do not represent a clinicopathologically distinct entity
Authors: Soukup Jiri , Cesak Tomas , Hornychova Helena , Manethova Monika , Michnova Ludmila , Netuka David , Vitovcova Barbora , Cap Jan , Ryska Ales , Gabalec Filip 
Published: March 2021

AimsIn somatotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (adenomas), a pattern of cytokeratin (CK) 18 expression is used for tumour subclassification, with possible clinical implications. Rare somatotroph tumours do not express CK 18. We aimed to characterise this subset clinically and histologically.Methods and resultsClinical and pathological data for the study were derived from a previously published data set of a cohort of 110 patients with acromegaly. Data included serum levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1), growth hormone (GH), prolactin and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), tumour diameter, tumour invasion defined by Knosp grade and immunohistochemical data concerning the expression of Ki67, p53, E‐cadherin, somatostatin receptor (SSTR)1, SSTR2A, SSTR3, SSTR5 and D2 dopamine receptor. Additional immunohistochemical analysis (AE1/3, CK 8/18, vimentin, neurofilament light chain, internexin‐α) was performed. CK 18 was negative in 10 of 110 (9.1%) tumours. One of these tumours was immunoreactive with CK 8/18 antibody, while the remainder expressed only internexin‐α intermediate filament in patterns similar to CK 18 (perinuclear fibrous bodies). CK‐negative tumours showed no significant differences with respect to biochemical, radiological or pathological features. They showed significantly higher expression of SSTR2A compared to the sparsely granulated subtype and significantly lower expression of E‐cadherin compared to the non‐sparsely granulated subtypes of tumours. The tumours showed divergent morphology and hormonal expression: two corresponded to densely granulated tumours and three showed co‐expression of prolactin and morphology of either mammosomatotroph or somatotroph–lactotroph tumours. Four tumours showed morphology and immunoprofile compatible with plurihormonal Pit1‐positive tumours.ConclusionsCK‐negative somatotroph tumours do not represent a distinct subtype of somatotroph tumours, and can be further subdivided according to their morphology and immunoprofile.
Managing pain associated with dermatologic procedures
Authors: Winsett Frank , Gleghorn Kristyna , Croley Julie , Wagner Richard F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDermatologists are faced with an aging population, accompanied by an increase in the incidence of skin cancer, especially nonmelanoma skin cancer. With this increase in cutaneous malignancy comes an increase in the number of dermatologic procedures being performed. A common concern of dermatologists and dermatology patients is the attenuation and management of pain associated with dermatologic procedures. Fortunately, there are several techniques that may be used in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods to manage patient anxiety, minimize injection pain, and safely and effectively treat postoperative pain.
Adolescents report low opposition towards policy options to reduce consumption of sugary drinks
Authors: Miller Caroline Louise , Dono Joanne , Scully Maree , Morley Belinda , Ettridge Kerry 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundPolicy makers benefit from insight into consumer perceptions of potential sugary drink policy measures. Adolescents are among the highest consumers in Australia, yet their perceptions are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine adolescents' perceptions of potential policies aimed at reducing sugary drink consumption and explore variation in perceptions.MethodsData were collected via a nationally representative survey of Australian secondary school students (aged 12‐17) using a stratified two‐stage probability design (n = 9102). Survey questions assessed receptiveness to five policy options, sugary drink consumption, perceptions of health effects and demographics.ResultsLow proportions (13%‐29%) were somewhat/strongly against policy options, 35% to 45% were neutral, and 27% to 52% were somewhat/strongly in favour. Highest support was observed for text warning labels on sugary drinks (52%), followed by tax with investment in healthy weight programmes (43%), standalone tax (36%), restricting school sales (30%) and restricting advertising to children (27%). Sex, sugary drink consumption and perceptions were significantly associated with most assessed policy options in bivariate analyses (P < .01). Significant associations between sex and consumption with selected policy options persisted in adjusted multilevel models.ConclusionsOpposition towards policy options was low overall and neutrality was common. This creates opportunity for early intervention to increase public support for addressing specific health issues.
Recent advancements in melanoma management
Authors: Krishnan Tharani , Menzies Alexander M. , Roberts‐Thomson Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe treatment options for patients with melanoma have expanded significantly over the past decade. In particular, the use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has dramatically transformed the outlook for patients with advanced disease. These treatments are now being utilised as adjuvant therapy for patients with earlier stage melanoma after surgical resection. We review the latest updates for melanoma staging, surgical resection, radiotherapy and systemic therapies.
Managing inpatient hyperglycaemia and initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy in the setting of diabetes and acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Hitchen Sarah A. , Lan Nick S. R. , Hort Adam L. , Rankin James M. , Fegan P. Gerry , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe previously showed that implementing algorithms for managing diabetes in acute coronary syndrome was associated with improved inpatient glycaemic control and increased sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor prescriptions. The present study performed 1 year later found that inpatient hyperglycaemia had relapsed to pre‐intervention rates, although SGLT2 inhibitor prescriptions remained increased. We discuss the challenges of improving inpatient glycaemic control.
China’s development of a multi‐tier pension system
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Turner John A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChina has made a number of major changes to its pension system in the period 2014–2020, and is in the process of establishing a multi‐tier old‐age pension system, consisting of programmes provided by the government, voluntary programmes provided by enterprises, and voluntary programmes established by individuals. Policy objectives are to reduce the fragmentation in its pension system; deal with population ageing; and diversify risks by involving the government, enterprises as well as individuals. This article shows that while China has a complex system for urban workers, the coverage provided by its multi‐tier system is uneven, with the second and third tiers being in the early stages of development.
Influence of incentive nursing intervention on recovery of burn patients after vacuum sealing drainage
Authors: Ren Liqing , Zhang Cuina , Zhao Lihua , Li Cuikun , Zhang Li , Xue Xin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo observe the effect of application of incentive nursing intervention (INI) on recovery in burn patients undergoing vacuum sealing drainage (VSD). From January 2017 to January 2020, a total of 82 consecutive burn patients were prospectively enrolled, and divided into INI group and routine nursing intervention (RNI) group according to random number table method. The causes of inadequate drainage were collected, the incidence was calculated, and the occurrence of inadequate drainage at different locations was compared. The pain degree and comfort status before and after the intervention were observed, and the wound healing time, hospital stay, and satisfaction after the intervention were recorded. The reasons for inadequate drainage during the treatment of VSD included negative pressure insufficient, drainage tube blockage because of escharosis, replacement of negative pressure internal sac not standard, loose sealing of the semi‐permeable membrane, and the negative pressure tube fell off, compressed or reflexed. The baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable (P > .05). The incidence of each cause and total incidence of inadequate drainage in INI group were lower than those in RNI group (P < .05, respectively). The incidences of inadequate drainage of all burn sites in INI group were lower than those in RNI group, and the difference of limbs wound between the two group was statistically significant (P < .05). After intervention, the pain intensity of INI group was lower than that of RNI group (P < .05), and the holistic comfort of INI group was higher than that of RNI group (P < .05). The wound healing time and hospital stay time in INI group were lower than those in RNI group, and the total satisfaction rate in INI group was higher than that in RNI group (P < .05, respectively). Applying INI can effectively reduce the incidence of insufficient drainage, reduce pain, improve comfort, shorten wound healing time and hospital stay, and thus improve the overall satisfaction rate of patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Lipid metabolism regulator human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐like 2 (HSDL2) modulates cervical cancer cell proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Anna , Wang Xinyue , Yin Xianglin , Cui Minghua , Lin Zhenhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐like 2 (HSDL2) is a potent regulator in cancers and is also involved in lipid metabolism, but the role of HSDL2 in cervical cancer and whether it regulates the progress of cervical cancer through lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we found that the overexpression of HSDL2 was in relation with cervical cancer progression including lymph nodes metastasis and recurrence. HSDL2 could serve as a novel marker of early diagnosis in cervical cancer. HSDL2 also gave impetus to tumorigenesis by initiating and promoting proliferation, invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells (Hela, C33A and SiHa) through EMT. Interestingly, we also searched that HSDL2 participated in oncogenesis by regulating lipid metabolism. In sum, our results gave the novel insight of HSDL2 functions which could be the potential for being the biomarker of prognosis and new target of therapy.