bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation and drug modulation of a voltage-gated sodium channel: Pivotal role of the S4–S5 linker in activation and slow inactivation
Authors: Xiao Jinglei , Bondarenko Vasyl , Wang Yali , Suma Antonio , Wells Marta , Chen Qiang , Tillman Tommy , Luo Yan , Yu Buwei , Dailey William P. , Eckenhoff Roderic , Tang Pei , Carnevale Vincenzo , Klein Michael L. , Xu Yan 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate electric signals in cell communications. The S4–S5 linker between the voltage-sensing and pore modules transmits depolarization signals to trigger channel activation. The mechanisms of this action, however, remain elusive. By combining biophysical and computational approaches, we identify a critical residue, T140, in the S4–S5 linker of the bacterial sodium channel NaChBac, which plays a pivotal role in channel activation and drug modulation of slow inactivation. Specifically, we discovered conformation-dependent drug binding at this site and unveiled a toggling mode of action by T140, which switches interaction partners with different S6 residues to regulate channel activation and slow inactivation. These observations suggest the possibility of conformation-specific drugs targeting the gating machinery of voltage-gated ion channels.
Skin sodium is increased in male patients with multiple sclerosis and related animal models
Authors: Huhn Konstantin , Linz Peter , Pemsel Franziska , Michalke Bernhard , Seyferth Stefan , Kopp Christoph , Chaudri Mohammad Anwar , Rothhammer Veit , Dörfler Arnd , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. , Müller Dominik N. , Waschbisch Anne , Lee De-Hyung , Bäuerle Tobias , Linker Ralf A. , Haase Stefanie 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceOur data add to the recently identified importance of the skin as a storage compartment of sodium. We found a higher sodium MRI (23Na-MRI) signal in the skin of male multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to matched healthy controls as well as in the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Considering the salt effects on macrophage and T-cell immunology during MS and the persisting challenge to accurately determine the actual sodium load via salt excretion, the noninvasive determination of sodium by23Na-MRI analysis of the skin may represent an important method for further investigations on sodium and MS risk.
Elevated arousal following acute ammonia inhalation is not associated with increased neuromuscular performance
Authors: Campbell Amy K. , Williamson Callum E. , Macgregor Lewis J. , Hamilton D. Lee 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMany athletes seek to enhance their performance using legal ergogenic aids, including ammonia inhalants (AIs). AIs trigger the inhalation reflex and increase blood pressure, respiration and heart rate; but, despite their widespread use, there is little evidence for the benefits of AI on exercise performance. We aimed to determine the psychological and neuromuscular impact of acute ammonia inhalation. Fourteen non‐resistance trained males completed three trials: control, experimental (AI), and sham. The order of the sham and experimental trials was randomised. Participants completed handgrip and knee extension maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Heart rate and alertness were recorded at rest and immediately following control, experimental or sham treatment, followed by functional performance measurements. Reaction time, electromechanical delay, rate of force development and peak force were calculated from MVCs, and peak power from CMJ. On completion of trials, perceived performance was recorded. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05. Heart rate (P < .001), alertness (P = .009) and perceived performance (P = .036) were elevated by AIs. Markers of functional performance were unaltered by AIs. Alertness was moderately correlated with perceived performance in control (r = 0.61) and sham conditions (r = 0.54), and very‐highly correlated in the experimental condition (r = 0.90). AI elevates alertness and perceived physical performance, but not peak strength, power, or neuromuscular drive. AIs may be a useful psychological stimulant to increase focus and mental preparation, however it is unlikely that this will improve functional performance in an untrained population. Our data suggest however, that ammonia inhalants may improve the perception of an individual's performance.
Relation between risk factor of hearing loss and the result of otoacoustic emission in newborns at Santosa Hospital Bandung Central
Authors: Megantara Imam , T’sidkenu Michael Immanuel , Chaidir Lidya , Anggraeni Ratna , Sylviana Nova 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To identify the characteristics of risk factors for hearing loss in newborns and their relation to hearing screening results using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs).

Methods
This research is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Chi-square analysis was used to see the relation between various risk factors resulting from the OAEs examination. A significant relation is defined by p-value <.05. Fisher exact test was used when criteria on using Chi-square was not met (expected count <5), and also regression model to show the association between risk factors and OAEs result.

Results
68 ears (7%) from 972 ears were found to have ‘refer’ results. About 329 cases (67.7%) of newborns were at risk of hearing loss, while the other 159 cases (33.3%) were not equally vulnerable to the condition. Out of ‘refer’ OAEs cases, 32 (6.6%) were bilaterally-refer cases, and 4 (0.8%) were unilaterally refer cases. Lower birth weight (LBW) (p = .029), prematurity (p = .000), and congenital abnormalities (p = .000) were found to be the significant risk factor in this study. Regression model showed newborns with congenital abnormalities were significantly more at risk 8.6 times has OAE ‘refer’ than without congenital abnormalities (p = .000), preterm newborns were more at risk 7.1 times compared to mature newborns (p = .000), and newborns with LBW more at risk 2.0 times has OAE ‘refer’ than newborns with normal birth weight (p = .032).

Conclusion
The incidence of OAEs ’refer’ cases in newborns at Santosa Hospital Bandung Central is quite high. Lower birth weight, prematurity, and congenital abnormalities were significantly corelated with OAEs ‘refer’. Congenital abnormalities can be considered as a risk factor that most often leads to OAEs ‘refer’.
A multiscale constitutive model for metal forming of dual phase titanium alloys by incorporating inherent deformation and failure mechanisms
Authors: Asim Umair Bin , Siddiq M Amir , McMeeking Robert M , Kartal Mehmet E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ductile metals undergo a considerable amount of plastic deformation before failure. Void nucleation, growth and coalescence is the mechanism of failure in such metals. α–β titanium alloys are ductile in nature and are widely used for their unique set of properties such as specific strength, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue failures. Voids in these alloys have been reported to nucleate on the phase boundaries between α and β phase. Based on the findings of crystal plasticity finite element method investigations of the void growth at the interface of α and β phases, a void nucleation, growth, and coalescence model has been formulated. An existing single-phase crystal plasticity theory is extended to incorporate underlying physical mechanisms of deformation and failure in dual phase titanium alloys. Effects of various factors [stress triaxiality, Lode parameter, deformation state (equivalent stress), and phase boundary inclination] on void nucleation, growth and coalescence are used to formulate a phenomenological constitutive model while their interaction with a conventional crystal plasticity theory is established. An extensive parametric assessment of the model is carried out to quantify and understand the effects of the material parameters on the overall material response. Performance of the proposed model is then assessed and verified by comparing the results of the proposed model with the RVE study results. Application of the constitutive model for utilisation in the design and optimisation of the forming process of α–β titanium alloy components is also demonstrated using experimental data.
Effect of tortuosity, porosity, and particle size on phase-separation dynamics of ellipsoid-like particles of porous electrodes: Cahn–Hilliard-type phase-field simulations
Authors: Santoki Jay , Daubner Simon , Schneider Daniel , Kamlah Marc , Nestler Britta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Improvements concerning the capacity and rate-capability of battery systems can not only be achieved by choosing suitable materials, but also by tailoring the electrode morphologies. Thus, a simulation study is performed to understand the influence of various microstructural properties such as particle size, porosity, and tortuosity on the transport mechanism. In this work, the classical Cahn–Hilliard model is extended to a multiple particle model system. We consider ellipsoid-like particles as an example, however, the model can be readily applicable to particles of complicated geometries. According to the diffusional properties of electrode and electrolyte, a study is conducted on transportation rate dependence with the electrode structures. Under Dirichlet conditions for concentration, simulation results predict a linear dependence of the characteristic time on tortuosity. These lines are converging with variation in particle size at higher tortuosity values, while they are diverging with variation in porosity. Furthermore, the results suggest that systems consisting of smaller particles are limited by surface reaction while larger particles tend toward the bulk-transport limited theory derived for planar electrodes.
In situ passivation of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires using radial Al
y
In(1−y)P shells grown by MOVPE
Authors: Zeng Xulu , Zhang Wei , Zou Xianshao , Su Xiaojun , Yartsev Arkady , Borgström Magnus T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires with suitable bandgap (1.35–2.26 eV) ranging from the visible to near-infrared wavelength have great potential in optoelectronic applications. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanowires, the surface states become a pronounced factor affecting device performance. In this work, we performed a systematic study of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires’ surface passivation, utilizing Al
y
In(1−y)P shells grown in situ by using a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy system. Time-resolved photoinduced luminescence and time-resolved THz spectroscopy measurements were performed to study the nanowires’ carrier recombination processes. Compared to the bare Ga0.41In0.59P nanowires without shells, the hole and electron lifetime of the nanowires with the Al0.36In0.64P shells are found to be larger by 40 and 1.1 times, respectively, demonstrating effective surface passivation of trap states. When shells with higher Al composition were grown, both lifetimes of free holes and electrons decreased prominently. We attribute the acceleration of PL decay to an increase in the trap states’ density due to the formation of defects, including the polycrystalline and oxidized amorphous areas in these samples. Furthermore, in a separate set of samples, we varied the shell thickness. We observed that a certain shell thickness of approximately ∼20 nm is needed for efficient passivation of Ga0.31In0.69P nanowires. The photoconductivity of the sample with a shell thickness of 23 nm decays 10 times slower compared with that of the bare core nanowires. We concluded that both the hole and electron trapping and the overall charge recombination in Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires can be substantially passivated through growing an Al
y
In(1−y)P shell with appropriate Al composition and thickness. Therefore, we have developed an effective in situ surface passivation of Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires by use of Al
y
In(1−y)P shells, paving the way to high-performance Ga
x
In(1−x)P nanowires optoelectronic devices.
Cerebral blood flow response rate to task-activation using a novel method can discriminate cognitive impairment from healthy aging
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Panerai Ronney B , Robinson Thompson G , Haunton Victoria J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective. A new method to classify individuals as ‘responders’ to task-activated cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) has recently been developed. This study investigated whether CBFv response rate to task-activation is affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Approach. The 95th thresholds for cross correlation function peak and variance ratio were derived from 270 unstimulated, healthy hemispheres, and were used to classify the presence of a response to task-activation. Thresholds were applied to five cognitive tasks (attention, verbal fluency, language, visuospatial, memory) in CBFv data from 30 healthy older adults (HC), 35 AD and 22 MCI participants. Cumulative response rate (CRR) was calculated from the sum of responses across five tasks, for both hemispheres. Area under the curve (AUC) was derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Main results. The number of responders differed significantly between tasks (p < 0.005) and diagnostic groups (p = 0.011). On post hoc tests there were more responders in the visuospatial (79%–90%) compared to fluency (45%–80%), language (50%–77%), and memory (44%–70%) tasks bilaterally, and responders were greater in the HC (70%) compared to AD (41%) and MCI (23%) groups to at least eight out of ten tasks. At an optimal threshold of 7.5 out of 10 responses, the AUC-ROC distinguished HC from AD and MCI with a; sensitivity 66% and specificity 70% (AUC = 0.72). Significance. Using a novel method to classify responders to cognitive task-activation, HC demonstrated a higher CRR than those with MCI or AD, and a threshold of <8 responses distinguished healthy ageing from dementia.
RLD Fisher information bound for multiparameter estimation of quantum channels
Authors: Katariya Vishal , Wilde Mark M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the fundamental tasks in quantum metrology is to estimate multiple parameters embedded in a noisy process, i.e. a quantum channel. In this paper, we study fundamental limits to quantum channel estimation via the concept of amortization and the right logarithmic derivative (RLD) Fisher information value. Our key technical result is the proof of a chain-rule inequality for the RLD Fisher information value, which implies that amortization, i.e. access to a catalyst state family, does not increase the RLD Fisher information value of quantum channels. This technical result leads to a fundamental and efficiently computable limitation for multiparameter channel estimation in the sequential setting, in terms of the RLD Fisher information value. As a consequence, we conclude that if the RLD Fisher information value is finite, then Heisenberg scaling is unattainable in the multiparameter setting.
Plagiarism Spider: How to Collect Plagiarism from Article
Authors: Zainal Arifin M , Suyono  , Aji Prasetya W , Ar Rosyid Harits , Daniar W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Web crawlers are techniques for gathering information on a website. Web crawlers work by visiting each specified website address then getting and storing all information contained in the website. The Web Crawler technique is commonly used to collect data or information through the internet.The benefit of web crawlers is that the information obtained is more focused so that it makes it easier to do something search. The way the web crawler works is to start the process by providing a list of website addresses to be visited, and every time you visit the address, the crawler will look for another address contained in it and add to the list of previous website addresses.This study provides a proposal about the use of web crawlers in gathering scientific journal information and then the information obtained is reprocessed on a system. Data obtained from the crawler process will be stored in the database and will be processed by the scientific journal management system according to the needs and objectives.
Analysis of the Best Employee Selection Decision Support System Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Lia Hananto April , Priyatna Bayu , Fauzi Ahmad , Yuniar Rahman Aviv , Pangestika Yulia , Tukino  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The award is given by the company to the best employees always to provide the best performance for companies that carry out duties and obligations in the company. How to give rewards to employees not only for how long they have been working at the company but about the results achieved. The gift can be in the form of salary or inventory from the company. So employees have great loyalty to the company. Decision making to determine the company can do the best employee by assessing the performance that has been done by employees at a specific time. Performance evaluation of Hon Chuan Company is influenced by several criteria, namely discipline, innovation, and responsibility. The support system for the best employee selection method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The decision-making system is carried out to assess choices based on predetermined criteria. AHP method is applied to choose the best prospective employees. The calculation of the AHP method gives the results of the order of importance of criteria, namely discipline level (0.5584), responsibility (0.3196), and innovation (0.1220) and the best employee selection results obtained by Hendra (0.189), Vienna (0.189), Yin (0.145), Paul (0.109), Kandi (0.108), Kusworo (0.101), Bayu (0.088), and Ade Muhidin (0.072).
Human Body Communication on Portable Biometric Authentication
Authors: Vadivelu R , Santhakumar G , Kaviya P , Menaka M , Monisha S , Balasubramaniam D 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFurthermore, since people’s proportions of biological tissues including muscle, fat, and skeleton vary, the total dielectric constants of the human body, as well as the signal propagated through the human body, can be used as a biometric characteristic to authenticate people using Redtacton. Wearable systems can be smaller since the HBC is used for both authentication and connectivity. HBC authentication is ideal for wearable devices independent of location due to the use of a transmission signal between devices.
Fatigue Monitoring Using Real-Time Facial Expression Based on Neural Technique
Authors: Rani K Sasikala , Kabilan N , Mohankumar M , Nithiesh Kumar M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The face, as a crucial part of the body, communicates a great deal of information. When a driver is extremely tired, his or her facial expressions, as well as the frequency at which he or she wiggles, vary from those in a normal state. In this paper, we suggest a device that senses the driver’s drowsiness and, as a result, triggers an alarm about the vehicle’s ordinance and has a tendency to slow down the vehicle. When drowsiness is detected, alarms will sound, the seat will begin to vibrate, and the lights will turn on, all without the use of any sensors. We implement a brand new facetracking algorithm to improve tracking accuracy as a result of the limitations of previous algorithms. We have devised a facial region replacement detection system. Then we use these facial regions to assess the condition of the drivers. Our device will alert the driver by using a fatigue warning by integrating the features of the eyes and mouth. It’s a computer vision system that can detect driver drowsiness in an approaching video stream and raise an alert if the driver seems tired.
Coma patient’s health monitoring and observatory system using internet of things
Authors: Katta Pradeep , Mohammed Ovaiz A , Prabaakaran K , Aparna B , Princy Angelin J , Raksha R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Once a patient enters the comatose stage, it is really difficult to predict when he/she will be out of it. It may be within days, weeks, or may even take months and years together. Due to this situation, it becomes difficult for the hospital staff to monitor and keep watch over the patient at all times and thus slight body movements and life-like indications or abnormal activities may go unnoticed. To prevent such a situation, the proposed system has a wide range of wearable sensors fitted to the patient’s body. Sensors used are flex sensors, MEMS Accelerometer, heartbeat sensor, SPO2 oximeter sensor, temperature sensor, IR sensor in the form of goggles. These sensors help monitor the patient’s vitals and these data are stored in the cloud server and can be accessed when the need arises through a PC or smart-phone. The parameters are then upon plotted on a graph and hence analysis can be done on it to predict the approximate chances of recovery of the patient.
A Calculation Method of Fragment Initial Velocity of Blast-fragmentation Warhead Based on Neural Network
Authors: Yong Sun , Jun Li , Dawei Liu , Jirong Xue , Yan Chen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the theoretical calculation method of the initial velocity of the static bursting disc and the factors affecting the initial velocity of the static bursting disc. On this basis, a calculation method and device of the initial velocity of the fragmentation warhead based on the neural network is proposed. The strong nonlinear mapping ability of the BP neural network and the associative memory ability of the external stimulation and input information are used to determine the initial velocity of the fragment of the kill warhead and improve the efficiency. The speed of calculation and the accuracy of the results are given.
Eye Tracking Research on Solving Strategies of Students’ Geospatial Dimension Transformation
Authors: Guo Yitong , Guo Yitong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Geospatial dimension transformation is an important link with solving geospatial problems. Identifying the problem-solving strategies of geospatial dimension transformation and judging the difference between success rate of each strategy will help to improve the success rate of geospatial dimension transformation through strategic selection. The experimental task requires the subjects to select the actual landscape standing at a certain point on the map and looking at a certain angle. The research is based on heat maps and eye movement contrails of the subjects, and the research combined with the speech reports on the problem-solving process. The students’ strategies for solving the problem of geospatial dimension transformation are identified. It is found that there are three strategies: landmark, road and hybrid, among which the road strategy has the highest success rate in completing the task and solving the problem.
Building extraction based on improved message passing network
Authors: Zhang Manlin , Guo Xiaoming , Bao Ying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an improved building edge extraction method based on message passing networks (MPNNs) is proposed. In the field of high-resolution remote sensing image processing and analysis, the accuracy of building edge extraction is studied from three aspects: data set construction, network training and post-processing of edge probability map. Based on the WHU building data set, the proposed method can effectively extract the building edge, and can maintain high extraction accuracy. PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm is used to compare with the results of this paper. Through the analysis of experiments, the results show that the method proposed in this paper has advantages over PPG Net, L-CNN and UNet++ algorithm in the accuracy, recall and F1 score of region extraction.