bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clean catalogues of blue horizontal-branch stars using Gaia EDR3
Authors: Culpan R. , Pelisoli I. , Geier S. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Blue horizontal-branch stars evolve from low-mass stars that have completed their main-sequence lifetimes and undergone a helium flash at the end of their red-giant phase. As such, blue horizontal-branch stars are very old objects that can be used as markers in studies of the Galactic structure and formation history. To create a clean sky catalogue of blue horizontal-branch stars, we cross-matched the Gaia data release 2 (DR2) dataset with existing reference catalogues to define selection criteria based on Gaia DR2 parameters. Following the publication of Gaia early data release 3 (EDR3), these methods were verified and subsequently applied to this latest release.
Aims. Previous catalogues of blue horizontal-branch stars were developed using spectral analyses or were restricted to individual globular clusters. The purpose of this catalogue is to identify a set of blue horizontal-branch star candidates that have been selected using photometric and astrometric observations and exhibits a low contamination rate. This has been deemed important as the success of the Gaia mission has changed the way that targets are selected for large-scale spectroscopic surveys, meaning that far fewer spectra will be acquired for blue horizontal-branch stars in the future unless they are specifically targeted.
Methods. We cross-matched reference blue horizontal-branch datasets with the Gaia DR2 database and defined two sets of selection criteria. Firstly, in Gaia DR2 – colour and absolute G magnitude space, and secondly, in Gaia DR2 – colour and reduced proper motion space. The main-sequence contamination in both subsets of the catalogue was reduced, at the expense of completeness, by concentrating on the Milky Way’s Galactic halo, where relatively young main-sequence stars were not expected. The entire catalogue is limited to those stars with no apparent neighbours within 5 arcsec. These methods were verified and subsequently applied to the Gaia EDR3.
Results. We present a catalogue, based on Gaia EDR3, of 57 377 blue horizontal-branch stars. The Gaia EDR3 parallax was used in selecting 16 794 candidates and the proper motions were used to identify a further 40 583 candidates.
Effects of Chronic Administration of P-Cymene in an Animal Model of LPS-Induced Autism
Authors: de Camargo Rick Wilhiam , da Silva Marina Goulart , Daros Guilherme Cabreira , de Medeiros Fabiana Durante , da Rosa Naiana , Menschhein Medeiros Caroline Liana , de Medeiros Peretti Eduardo , Palandi Juliete , Bobinski Franciane , Fortunato Jucélia Jeremias , de Bitencourt Rafael Mariano 
Published: August 2021

Abstractp-Cymene is a monoterpene found in over 100 plant species. It shows a range of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It is possibly a new therapeutic alternative for autism spectrum disorder characterized by deficits in interaction and behavioral abnormalities. These symptoms can occur in response to maternal immune activation through prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the behavioral, memory, and biochemical effects of chronic administration of p-cymene in an animal model of autism by prenatal maternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were used, who received 100 μg/kg of lipopolysaccharide or saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 9.5 gestational day. After birth, the male offspring remained with the mothers until weaning and underwent model validation tests on postnatal day 30. From postnatal day 31 on, chronic administration, via i.p., of saline (1 mL/kg), risperidone (0.2 mg/kg), or p-cymene (100 mg/kg) for 22 days was performed. The animals were submitted to behavioral (postnatal day 52) and memory tests (postnatal days 52–53) and subsequently sacrificed (postnatal day 54) when their brain structures were removed for quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6). Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide significantly increased episodes of stereotyped movement (p=0.0001) and decreased parameters of social interaction in offspring, including sniffing, following, mounting, and allowing mounting (p=0.0043, p<0.0001, p=0.0009, and p=0.0200, respectively). Chronic p-cymene treatment was not significant for behavioral, memory, and biochemical tests. However, due to their pharmacokinetic characteristics, p-cymene nanomaterials’ formulation may be an exciting alternative to be tested for further results.
Ziele, Methodik und Inhalte einer neuen hybriden Therapie für Personen mit Osteoporose in unterschiedlich fortgeschrittenen Stadien
Authors: Breitkopf Annika , Köppel Maximilian , Hirthammer Rebecca , Hollmann Michael , Schifferdecker-Hoch Frank , Scheer Janik , Peters Stefan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose zählt mit bundesweit 6 Millionen Betroffenen zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen, und hinsichtlich des demografischen Wandels ist von einem weiteren Anstieg auszugehen. Aufgrund des deutlich erhöhten Frakturrisikos und den daraus häufig resultierenden osteoporotischen Frakturen kommt es zu erheblichen physischen Beeinträchtigungen. Dies bedeutet für die Betroffenen meist einen Verlust der Selbstständigkeit und Lebensqualität. Durch die vermehrte Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Leistungen stellt dies zudem eine enorme wirtschaftliche Belastung des Gesundheitssystems dar. Umfassende Evidenz zeigt, dass apparatives Krafttraining mit einem geringen Verletzungsrisiko zu Verbesserungen der Knochenstrukturen führt und sturzpräventive Interventionen das Frakturrisiko minimieren können. Hybride Therapiemodelle aus supervidiertem apparativem Krafttraining, Sturzpräventionstraining und Online-Interventionen verbinden die Vorteile aus digitalen und in Präsenz stattfindenden Therapieformen. Sie stellen somit eine allumfassende und nachhaltig ausgelegte Therapie dar, die auf mehr gesundheitswirksame körperliche Aktivität abzielt. Basierend auf dem Schweregrad der Osteoporose und einem Eingangsassessment erfolgt eine individuell ausgerichtete Therapie. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die Methodik und Ziele der hybriden Osteoporosetherapie dar und versucht, diesen Ansatz als wirksames Instrument zur Reduzierung der Symptome und Folgen von Osteoporose allumfassend zu begründen.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in COVID-19
Authors: Zdanyte Monika , Rath Dominik 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungCOVID-19 bezeichnet eine der schlimmsten Krisen unserer Generation und stellt (nicht nur) für das Gesundheitssystem eine schwer bewältigbare Herausforderung dar. Mortalität und Morbidität sind im Vergleich zu anderen saisonalen Erkrankungen wie der Influenza deutlich erhöht. COVID-19 bedroht allerdings nicht die gesamte Bevölkerung in gleichem Maße. Hochrisikopatienten sind älter und leiden an kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes mellitus oder einer koronaren Herzerkrankung. Um das Risiko für einen schweren Erkrankungsverlaufs zu quantifizieren bedarf es einer multimodalen Herangehensweise. Verschiedene Risikostratifizierungssysteme stehen zu Verfügung um ungünstige Verläufe wie Intensivbehandlung oder Gesamtmortalität vorauszusagen. Biomarker wie Troponin-I, D-Dimere und NT pro-BNP kombiniert mit echokardiographischen Parametern wie links- und rechtsventrikulärer Pumpfunktion sowie pulmonalarteriellem Druck können hilfreich sein um Hochrisikopatienten zu identifizieren, die ein intensiviertes Monitoring und eine stringentere Behandlung benötigen. Da kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten von großer Bedeutung zur Abschätzung des Verlaufs einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion sind, könnten alle hospitalisierten COVID-19 Patienten von einer routinemäßigen kardiologischen Betreuung durch ein COVID-19-Heart-Team profitieren. Ein frühzeitiges Erkennen von (kardiovaskulären) Hochrisikopatienten könnte das Management erleichtern sowie die Prognose einer schweren SARS-CoV-2 Infektion verbessern.
Diabetisches Makulaödem
Authors: Barth Teresa , Helbig Horst 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas diabetische Makulaödem (DMÖ) ist für den Großteil der Visusminderungen bei Diabetikern verantwortlich. Eine Reduktion der Sehschärfe durch ein DMÖ kann schon im milden nicht-proliferativen Stadium der diabetischen Retinopathien (DR) auftreten 1. Der chronische Verlauf der diabetischen Makulopathie erfordert ein intensives klinisches Monitoring über einen langen Zeitraum. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das diagnostische und therapeutische Management beim Vorliegen eines DMÖ.
Clinical Course of Different Types of Immune Reactions following Keratoplasty
Authors: Keye Philip , Lapp Thabo , Böhringer Daniel , Heinzelmann Sonja , Maier Philip , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Immune-mediated corneal graft rejection (IR) is a leading cause of corneal graft failure. The endothelium, stroma, epithelium, or a combination can be affected. Little is
known about the long-term outcomes of different types of IR.
Methods We reviewed the medical records of all keratoplasties that had been performed at our eye centre between 2003 and 2016 (n = 3934) for any kind of IR that occurred between the
surgery and 2019. All patients with a definite diagnosis of IR and sufficient clinical data were included in the analysis. IRs were grouped according to the affected part of the graft
(endothelial, stromal, epithelial, and mixed). We analysed the dynamics of recovery and the clinical outcomes.
Results We identified a total of 319 patients with IR. Twenty-seven of those were lost to follow-up and were excluded from further analysis. Of the IRs, 89% affected the endothelium.
Endothelial IR resulted more frequently in a considerable loss of endothelial cell density than other forms of IR. Stromal IR showed a lower relapse rate and a better visual recovery than
other types of IR and resulted less often in a failure of the graft.
Conclusions We herein report comprehensive data about the prognosis regarding functional recovery after different types of IR following keratoplasty. Our data underline that timely
recognition and correct classification of IR are important because they determine the clinical course and prognosis.
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations in Pediatric Patients Submitted to Endovascular Treatment: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Zimmermann Amanda Cristina , Przysiezny Bernardo , Giustina Evelyn Della , Staedele Guilherme Voltolini , Haas Leandro José , Tutida Letícia Saori , Camilo Liz Caroline de Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To report three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) in pediatric patients treated at the hemodynamics lab of Hospital Santa Isabel (HSI) in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2006 to 2020. Clinical presentation, endovascular treatment, and postprocedure evolution to date are included.
Case description Three children aged 5 to 12 months with cardiac, respiratory, or neurological damage in the neonatal stage, were referred to the neurosurgery service and diagnosed with VGAM. The three patients underwent endovascular embolization of the malformation, with different clinical evolution throughout outpatient follow-up.
Conclusion Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations are uncommon vascular abnormalities that, until the advent of endovascular embolization, were associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Its prognosis is linked with initial clinic, early diagnosis, and timely surgical correction.
Trends in Resin Composite Restoration Repair Teaching in Dental Colleges in Pakistan
Authors: Fareed Muhammad Amber , Bashir Anam Fayyaz , Yousaf Usman , Baig Qaiser Ali , Jatala Ussamah Waheed , Zafar Muhammad Sohail 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective The paradigm shift from replacement to repair of defective resin composite restorations to implement minimal intervention approaches has been popular. Therefore, the teaching of composite repair strategies is included in contemporary dental curricula across the globe.
Methods A validated 18-item questionnaire pertaining to existing educational practices related to the teaching of defective composite restorations repair was acquired form dental colleges in Pakistan.
Results The response rate was 63% and the majority of dental colleges (67%) reported that they have included the teaching of composite restorations repair in the curricula, where four colleges (33%) implemented only didactic teaching and eight colleges (66%) reported a combination of didactic teaching and clinical training. The composite repair indications taught included tooth substance conservation 100% (12), reduced cost to patient 84.3% (10) and dentist 100% (12), reduced iatrogenic pulpal damage 100% (12), and reduced chair side treatment time 91.3% (11), restoration-related defects (66% preferred repair), anterior tooth fracture from incisal/proximal margin (80% teach repair), and in case of posterior tooth cusp fracture (20% teach repair). Our results revealed that the choice of mechanical and adhesive substrate surface conditioning depended on case selection.
Conclusion The teaching of defective composite restorations repair was less widespread and certain variations in teaching were identified. Nearly all dental colleges reported to incorporate current evidence of minimum invasive strategies of composite repair in curricula in future.
Effect of Different Adhesion Protocols on the Shear Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive Systems to Sound and Artificial Caries-Affected Dentin
Authors: Sami Omnia M. , Naguib Essam A. , Afifi Rasha H. , Nagi Shaymaa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective Bonding to different dentin substrates influences resin composite restoration outcomes. This study investigated the influence of different adhesion protocols on the shear bond strength of universal adhesive systems to sound and artificial caries-affected dentin (CAD).Materials and Methods Occlusal enamel of 80 premolars were wet grinded to obtain flat midcoronal dentin. Specimens were equally divided according to the substrate condition: sound and CAD by subjecting to pH-cycling for 14 days. Each dentin substrate was bonded with the adhesive systems used in this study: Single Bond universal adhesive or Prime&Bond universal (applied either in etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocol). Adhesive systems were utilized according to manufacturers’ instructions, then resin composite was built up. Specimens were tested for shear bond strength. The data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance, and failure modes were determined using stereomicroscope.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two tested adhesive systems on artificially created CAD with different adhesion protocols. On sound dentin, Single Bond universal, either in the etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesion protocols, revealed higher statistically significant shear bond strength mean values compared with CAD.Conclusion Single Bond universal adhesive in an etch-and-rinse adhesion protocol improved only bonding to sound dentin, while no added positive effect for the etching step with Prime&Bond universal adhesive was found when bonded to both sound and CAD substrates. The influence of CAD on the performance of the universal adhesives was material-dependent.
Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019
Authors: Takahashi André Akira Ramos , Teixeira Saulo Barros , Galafassi Giovanna Zambo , Silva Maria Beatriz Almeida , Comprido Victoria Fernandez , Martinez Anne Gabriele Senne , Lima Leonardo Alfano de , Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcântara , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults.Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender.Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted.Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β = 63.43 e p = 0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β = 31.22 and p < 0.001 for boys; β = 42.20 and p < 0.001 for girls), Paraná (β = 37.26 and p = 0.011 for boys; β = 25.90 and p = 0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β = 20.08 and p = 0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β = 18.76 and p = 0.005 for boys; β = 16.11 and p = 0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β = 48.87 and p = 0.004 for girls; β = 48.28 and p = 0.006 for boys).Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine since many of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gün Emrah , Kendirli Tanıl , Botan Edin , Türker Nazmiye , Gurbanov Anar , Balaban Burak , Gencay Ali Genco , Arga Gül , Karagözlü Selen , Ramoglu Mehmet Gökhan , Özdemir Halil , Ucar Tayfun , Tutar Ercan , Ciftci Ergin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is characterized by persistent fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, conjunctivitis, headaches, and mucocutaneous manifestations and it can cause circulatory dysfunction, resulting in hypotension, shock, and end-organ injury in the heart and other organs and possibly death. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum, treatment options and outcomes of children with MIS-C who were admitted to our pediatric intensive care (PICU).
Materials and Methods Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment of the patients admitted to the PICU with MIS-C between April 2020 and January 2021 were recorded, and their outcomes were evaluated.
Results Nineteen patients with a median age of 12.5 years (interquartile range (IQR): 5.8–14.0 years) were admitted. Eleven (57.8%) were males. The most frequent clinical and laboratory features were fever (100%), abdominal pain (94.7%), rash (63.1%), headache (68.4%), diarrhea (47.3%), seizure (10.5%), cardiac dysfunction (52.6%), acute kidney injury (26.3%), lymphopenia (84.2%), and thrombocytopenia (36.8%). However, 8 patients needed mechanical respiratory support, 11 patients needed inotropes, 2 patients needed plasma exchange, and 1 patient needed continuous renal replacement therapy. All patients received corticosteroids, 17 patients (89.2%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, 2 patients received anakinra, 10 patients received acetylsalicylic acid, and 6 patients received enoxaparin. Median PICU length of stay was 3 days (IQR: 2–5) and only one patient died.
Conclusion In conclusion, MIS-C may present with a variety of clinical manifestations, and it can lead to life-threatening critical illness. Most children need intensive care and the response to immunomodulation is usually favorable.
The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on γ′ precipitates of selective electron beam melted Ni-based single-crystal superalloy
Authors: Guo Xiyang , Zhou Xin , Zhang Peiyu , Duan Yucong , Cheng Xing , Wang Xuede , Cao Tong , Zhao Pei 
Published: August 2021

γ′ precipitates, the main strengthening phase of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys, are difficult to determine in the forming zone of selective electron beam melting (SEBM), which is best for realizing the direct manufacturing of single crystal superalloys. Herein, the relationship between parameters and γ′ precipitates is urgently needed to be fabricated, and solution heat treatment is an efficient way to obtain a desired uniform γ′ microstructure. In the initial work, an array of SEBM experiments with various processing parameters were carried out, the processing window and parameter influence on γ′ precipitates were fabricated successfully, and a solution heat treatment protocol was applied for obtaining a homogeneous γ′ microstructure in the as-built SEBM microstructure. In processing, the bulks can be manufactured with a beam current of 10–12.4 mA and a scan speed of 1.7–2.4 m/s. The dimensions of the γ′ precipitates present regular changes with parameters such as current and scan speed, and a great change had also been observed in building height. After the heat treatment includes recovery-annealed (1100 °C, 6 h), solution-treated (1300 °C, 0.5 h), and aged (1100 °C, 6 h + 870 °C, 5 h) precipitates, the size of γ′ precipitates gradually increases and homogenizes, and an optimized solution and aging heat treatment protocol was established.
A role for Sfrp2 in cardiomyogenesis in vivo
Authors: Gomez José A. , Payne Alan , Pratt Richard E. , Hodgkinson Conrad P. , Dzau Victor J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Cardiac injury in mammals is associated with a significant and irreversible loss of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). The loss of cardiomyocytes eventually causes heart failure, leading to organ replacement or death. The importance of this study is that we have made the discovery that new cardiomyocytes can be regenerated in the heart via a protein called Sfrp2. This discovery potentially opens up a new avenue for the treatment of cardiac injury.
Multimedia learning materials for second language learners
Authors: He Xiaoling , Ying Haojiang , Jaratjarungkiat Sureenate 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As an important form of second language input, videos have been given much attention by both language teachers and SLA
researchers. Second language learning videos typically come in two forms: live-action videos (with human actors in realistic settings) and
animation videos. In this paper, we report on an empirical study on the relative merits of these two kinds of videos for beginning learners
of Chinese. A total of 82 participants took part in this research as students in a Beginners’ Chinese Language course at a university in
Singapore. Each participant attended four learning sessions, two of which being based on live-action videos and another two on animation
videos. Post-tests showed that the efficacy of the two kinds of videos differed between students who had had richer community exposure to
Mandarin before attending the course and students who did not have such exposure. The former group performed significantly better than the
latter after attending live-video sessions. However, students in the latter group reported a preference for animation videos during the
post-interviews due to the more well-controlled quality of the soundtracks (i.e., less noisy background).