bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal effects on dung beetle activities in island forests-home garden matrix in a tropical village landscape
Authors: Asha G. , Manoj K. , Megha P. P. , Sinu Palatty Allesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsects in seasonal tropics experience a wide range of temperatures along seasons, habitats, and a day. Therefore, the thermal tolerance of the insects can be a major driver for their habitat preference, temporal patterns of activity, and formation of communities. We examined the dung beetle communities of eleven pairs of neighboring open (home gardens) and closed habitats (sacred groves) during dry and wet seasons and diel periods (day and night) to understand the dung beetle activities along a spatiotemporal gradient constituted by the sacred groves—home garden matrix on a tropical village landscape. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) closed habitats have greater activities of dung beetles over open habitats; (ii) the diurnal communities of dung beetles are different from the nocturnal communities; and (iii) the diurnal-nocturnal activities of dung beetles could be predicted by the habitat and season. We considered abundance, richness, total biomass, and Shannon diversity of overall beetles, abundance of different functional groups, and species composition in communities as the quantitative measures in the predictive statistical models. In total, 2727 dung beetles belonging to 38 species, ten genera, and three functional groups were collected. The open habitat supported more number of dung beetles (N = 2318) than the closed habitat (N = 409). The diurnal communities were different from nocturnal communities, particularly in open habitat, where the temperature was different between day and night. The dominant species of the diurnal communities of open habitat hardly used the closed habitat in any context including dry–wet seasons, but the nocturnal communities of the open habitat were closer to the communities of closed habitat. The diel period and habitat predicted the abundance activity of functional groups; season was a poor predictor of dung beetle activities. Given that the species composition has turned over across habitats, and the closed habitat supported remarkably lesser number of beetles than the open habitats, the closed habitat is unlikely to be a thermal refuge for the open habitat species in village landscapes that have island forests, such as sacred groves, and home gardens form a matrix.
Partitioning of gene expression among zebrafish photoreceptor subtypes
Authors: Ogawa Yohey , Corbo Joseph C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVertebrate photoreceptors are categorized into two broad classes, rods and cones, responsible for dim- and bright-light vision, respectively. While many molecular features that distinguish rods and cones are known, gene expression differences among cone subtypes remain poorly understood. Teleost fishes are renowned for the diversity of their photoreceptor systems. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to profile adult photoreceptors in zebrafish, a teleost. We found that in addition to the four canonical zebrafish cone types, there exist subpopulations of green and red cones (previously shown to be located in the ventral retina) that express red-shifted opsin paralogs (opn1mw4 or opn1lw1) as well as a unique combination of cone phototransduction genes. Furthermore, the expression of many paralogous phototransduction genes is partitioned among cone subtypes, analogous to the partitioning of the phototransduction paralogs between rods and cones seen across vertebrates. The partitioned cone-gene pairs arose via the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication or later clade-specific gene duplications. We also discovered that cone subtypes express distinct transcriptional regulators, including many factors not previously implicated in photoreceptor development or differentiation. Overall, our work suggests that partitioning of paralogous gene expression via the action of differentially expressed transcriptional regulators enables diversification of cone subtypes in teleosts.
Genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of mastitis-related staphylococci with a focus on adhesion, biofilm, and related regulatory genes
Authors: Pizauro Lucas José Luduverio , de Almeida Camila Chioda , Silva Saura Rodrigues , MacInnes Janet I. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Zafalon Luiz Francisco , de Avila Fernando Antônio , de Mello Varani Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMastitis is a common and costly disease on dairy farms, commonly caused by Staphylococcus spp. though the various species are associated with different clinical outcomes. In the current study, we performed genomic analyses to determine the prevalence of adhesion, biofilm, and related regulatory genes in 478 staphylococcal species isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis cases deposited in public databases. The most prevalent adhesin genes (ebpS, atl, pls, sasH and sasF) were found in both clinical and subclinical isolates. However, the ebpS gene was absent in subclinical isolates of Staphylococcus arlettae, S. succinus, S. sciuri, S. equorun, S. galinarum, and S. saprophyticus. In contrast, the coa, eap, emp, efb, and vWbp genes were present more frequently in clinical (vs. subclincal) mastitis isolates and were highly correlated with the presence of the biofim operon (icaABCD) and its transcriptional regulator, icaR. Co-phylogenetic analyses suggested that many of these adhesins, biofilm, and associated regulatory genes could have been horizontally disseminated between clinical and subclinical isolates. Our results further suggest that several adhesins, biofilm, and related regulatory genes, which have been overlooked in previous studies, may be of use for virulence profiling of mastitis-related Staphylococcus strains or as potential targets for vaccine development.
Deep learning from HE slides predicts the clinical benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Cho Soo Youn , Lee Jeong Hoon , Ryu Jai Min , Lee Jeong Eon , Cho Eun Yoon , Ahn Chang Ho , Paeng Kyunghyun , Yoo Inwan , Ock Chan-Young , Song Sang Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized that a deep-learning algorithm using HE images might be capable of predicting the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer patients. HE slides were retrospectively collected from 1343 de-identified breast cancer patients at the Samsung Medical Center and used to develop the Lunit SCOPE algorithm. Lunit SCOPE was trained to predict the recurrence using the 21-gene assay (Oncotype DX) and histological parameters. The risk prediction model predicted the Oncotype DX score > 25 and the recurrence survival of the prognosis validation cohort and TCGA cohorts. The most important predictive variable was the mitotic cells in the cancer epithelium. Of the 363 patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy, 104 predicted high risk had a significantly lower survival rate. The top-300 genes highly correlated with the predicted risk were enriched for cell cycle, nuclear division, and cell division. From the Oncotype DX genes, the predicted risk was positively correlated with proliferation-associated genes and negatively correlated with prognostic genes from the estrogen category. An integrative analysis using Lunit SCOPE predicted the risk of cancer recurrence and the early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Deletion of RAGE fails to prevent hepatosteatosis in obese mice due to impairment of other AGEs receptors and detoxifying systems
Authors: Wouters Kristiaan , Cento Alessia S. , Gaens Katrien H. , Teunissen Margee , Scheijen Jean L. J. M. , Barutta Federica , Chiazza Fausto , Collotta Debora , Aragno Manuela , Gruden Gabriella , Collino Massimo , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Mastrocola Raffaella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are involved in several diseases, including NAFLD and NASH. RAGE is the main receptor mediating the pro-inflammatory signalling induced by AGEs. Therefore, targeting of RAGE has been proposed for prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of RAGE in the development of NAFLD and NASH remains poorly understood. We thus aimed to analyse the effect of obesity on AGEs accumulation, AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxification, and whether the absence of RAGE might improve hepatosteatosis and inflammation, by comparing the liver of lean control, obese (LeptrDb−/−) and obese RAGE-deficient (RAGE−/− LeptrDb−/−) mice. Obesity induced AGEs accumulation and RAGE expression with hepatosteatosis and inflammation in LeptrDb−/−, compared to lean controls. Despite the genetic deletion of RAGE in the LeptrDb−/− mice, high levels of intrahepatic AGEs were maintained accompanied by decreased expression of the protective AGE-receptor-1, impaired AGE-detoxifying system glyoxalase-1, and increased expression of the alternative AGE-receptor galectin-3. We also found sustained hepatosteatosis and inflammation as determined by persistent activation of the lipogenic SREBP1c and proinflammatory NLRP3 signalling pathways. Thus, RAGE targeting is not effective in the prevention of NAFLD in conditions of obesity, likely due to the direct liver specific crosstalk of RAGE with other AGE-receptors and AGE-detoxifying systems.
A genetic screen for Drosophila social isolation mutants and analysis of sex pistol
Authors: Eddison Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProlonged periods of forced social isolation is detrimental to well-being, yet we know little about which genes regulate susceptibility to its effects. In the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster,social isolation induces stark changes in behavior including increased aggression, locomotor activity, and resistance to ethanol sedation. To identify genes regulating sensitivity to isolation, I screened a collection of sixteen hundred P-element insertion lines for mutants with abnormal levels of all three isolation-induced behaviors. The screen identified three mutants whose affected genes are likely central to regulating the effects of isolation in flies. One mutant,sex pistol(sxp), became extremely aggressive and resistant to ethanol sedation when socially isolated.sxpalso had a high level of male–male courtship. The mutation insxpreduced the expression of two minor isoforms of the actin regulatorhts(adducin),as well as mildly reducing expression ofCalpA, a calcium-dependent protease. As a consequence, sxpalso had increased expression of the insulin-like peptide,dILP5. Analysis of the social behavior ofsxpsuggests that these minorhtsisoforms function to limit isolation-induced aggression, while chronically high levels ofdILP5increase male–male courtship.
Mercury deposition in Western Tethys during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)
Authors: Mazaheri-Johari Mina , Gianolla Piero , Mather Tamsin A. , Frieling Joost , Chu Daoliang , Dal Corso Jacopo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a time of biological turnover and environmental perturbations. Within the CPE interval, C-isotope and sedimentary records indicate multiple pulses of depleted carbon into the atmosphere–ocean system linked to discrete enhancements of the hydrological cycle. Data suggest a similar cascade of events to other extinctions, including being potentially driven by emplacement of a large igneous province (LIP). The age of the Wrangellia LIP overlaps that of the CPE, but a direct link between volcanism and the pulsed CPE remains elusive. We present sedimentary Hg concentrations from Western Tethys successions to investigate volcanic activity through the previously established CPE global negative C-isotope excursions (NCIEs). Higher Hg concentrations and Hg/TOC are recorded just before and during NCIEs and siliciclastic inputs. The depositional settings suggest volcanic Hg inputs into the basins over the NCIEs rather than increases of Hg drawdown or riverine transport. Differences in Hg and Hg/TOC signals between the basins might be linked to coeval LIP style or the temporal resolution of the sedimentary successions. Overall, our new data provide support for a link between pulses of Wrangellia LIP volcanism, NCIEs, and humid phases that mark the CPE in the Western Tethys.
Whole-genome sequencing of endangered Zhoushan cattle suggests its origin and the association of MC1R with black coat colour
Authors: Jiang Lihua , Kon Tetsuo , Chen Chunyan , Ichikawa Ryota , Zheng Qiyuan , Pei Liyi , Takemura Ikuyo , Nsobi Lauden Hagai , Tabata Hiromasa , Pan Hao , Omori Yoshihiro , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZhoushan cattle are an endangered cattle breed in the Zhoushan islands in China. Since Zhoushan cattle have been bred in isolation, they show unique characteristics, such as dark black coat colour. However, no studies have been conducted on the genome of Zhoushan cattle. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of seven individuals of Zhoushan cattle and nine cattle in Wenling, geographically close to the Zhoushan islands. By integrating our data and publicly-available data, we found that Zhoushan cattle are genetically highly similar toBos indicuscattle in south-eastern China. Furthermore, by identifying the genomic regions shared between Zhoushan cattle and Angus cattle, aBos taurusbreed, we found that the p.F195L mutation in melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) could be associated with their dark black coat colour. Taken together, our results provide a valuable resource for characterising the uniqueness of Zhoushan cattle.
2-Carba-lysophosphatidic acid is a novel β-lysophosphatidic acid analogue with high potential for lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation and autotaxin inhibition
Authors: Fukasawa Keiko , Gotoh Mari , Uwamizu Akiharu , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Ishikawa Masaki , Shimizu Yoshibumi , Yamamoto Shinji , Iwasa Kensuke , Yoshikawa Keisuke , Aoki Junken , Murakami-Murofushi Kimiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator that, along with its chemically stabilized analogue 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA), induces various biological activities in vitro and in vivo. Although cPA is similar to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in structure and synthetic pathway, some of cPA biological functions apparently differ from those reported for LPA. We previously investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of 2ccPA, which was found to be rapidly degraded, especially in acidic conditions, yielding an unidentified compound. Thus, not only cPA but also its degradation compound may contribute to the biological activity of cPA, at least for 2ccPA. In this study, we determined the structure and examined the biological activities of 2-carba-lysophosphatidic acid (2carbaLPA) as a 2ccPA degradation compound, which is a type of β-LPA analogue. Similar to LPA and cPA, 2carbaLPA induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and showed potent agonism for all known LPA receptors (LPA1–6) in the transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) shedding assay, in particular for LPA3 and LPA4. 2carbaLPA inhibited the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX) in vitro similar to other cPA analogues, such as 2ccPA, 3-carba-cPA, and 3-carba-LPA (α-LPA analogue). Our study shows that 2carbaLPA is a novel β-LPA analogue with high potential for the activation of some LPA receptors and ATX inhibition.
Auditive Phänomene als Differenzialdiagnostik zum Tinnitus
Authors: Marek Astrid 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Im auditorischen System ist subjektiver Tinnitus als Phantomwahrnehmung bekannt. Menschen berichten auch über illusionäre Fehlwahrnehmungen von realen Höreindrücken und über komplexe szenenhafte akustische Phantasmen ohne externen Hörreiz. Die genauen pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge der auditiven Phänomene sind noch ungeklärt. Wichtige Komorbiditäten sind Schwerhörigkeit, Hirnerkrankungen und psychische Störungen.
Methode In einer Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed wurden Publikationen bis März 2021 zu den Suchbegriffen Tinnitus, Palinakusis, Pareidolie, Synästhesie, Aura und akustische Halluzination im Hinblick auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zum subjektiven Tinnitus ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Subjektiver Tinnitus kann gemeinsam mit anderen auditiven Phänomenen in einem Individuum auftreten. Diagnostisch wichtig ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Hörverlust und Tinnitus sowie zwischen Tinnitus und Hörminderung im entsprechenden Frequenzbereich. Bei Schwerhörigkeit können weitere auditive Phänomene auftreten.
Schlussfolgerung Das Auftreten verschiedener auditiver Phänomene gleichzeitig bei einer Person lässt ein auditorisches Wahrnehmungskontinuum mit gemeinsamen physiologischen Verarbeitungsstrukturen annehmen. Personen mit Schwerhörigkeit sollten nach den verschiedenen auditiven Phänomenen gefragt werden. Bei allen auditiven Phänomenen sollte die audiometrische Untersuchung zum diagnostischen Standard gehören.
Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Trento Socorro Rejany Sales Silva , Madeiro Alberto , Rufino Andréa Cronemberger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To assess the sexual function and associated factors in postmenopausal women.
Methods This a descriptive, cross-sectional study with 380 women aged 40 to 65 years, users of public health services in 2019. Questionnaires were applied on demographic characteristics, on climacteric symptoms (menopause rating scale) and on sexual function (sexual quotient, female version). Bivariate and multiple analyses by logistic regression were performed, with adjusted odds ratios (ORad) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results More than half (243/64%) of the participating women were at risk of sexual dysfunction, with lower scores in the domains of sexual desire and interest, comfort, orgasm, and satisfaction. Women with a partner (ORad 2.07; 95%CI 1.03–4.17) and those who reported sleep problems (ORad 2.72; 95%CI 1.77–4.19), depressed mood (ORad 2.03; 95%CI 1.32–3.10), sexual complaints (ORad 8.16; 95%CI 5.06–13.15), and vaginal dryness (ORad 3.44; 95%CI 2.22–5.32) showed greater chance of sexual dysfunction.
Conclusion There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, with the influence of conjugality and climacteric symptoms on sexual function.
Phase transitions in cadmium sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Rose Moly M. , Sheela Christy R. , Asenath Benitta T. , Thampi Thanka Kumaran J. 
Published: August 2021

CdS nanoparticles were synthesized by the microwave assisted chemical precipitation method and solvothermal method. X-ray power diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the crystalline structure, morphology, and size of the synthesized samples. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the synthesized samples are of two different forms, cubic and hexagonal. The DC electrical resistance of the two samples was measured in the temperature range 300–500 K. Near room temperature cubic nanoparticles behave as a semiconductor, and hexagonal nanoparticles show the behavior of an insulator. The temperature resistance curves of the cubic sample show a transition from the cubic to hexagonal phase above 340 K. The temperature resistance curve of the hexagonal sample also shows a discontinuity at 463 K due to the transition from the hexagonal to cubic phase. The thermogravimetric analysis of the two samples also confirms the two transitions. UV, PL, and Raman spectra of the two forms are compared.
All-or-none amyloid disassembly via chaperone-triggered fibril unzipping favors clearance of α-synuclein toxic species
Authors: Franco Aitor , Gracia Pablo , Colom Adai , Camino José D. , Fernández-Higuero José Ángel , Orozco Natalia , Dulebo Alexander , Saiz Leonor , Cremades Nunilo , Vilar Jose M.G. , Prado Adelina , Muga Arturo 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAlthough the human disaggregase machinery has been shown to disassemble mature α-synuclein amyloid fibrils, the molecular mechanism that drives the process has remained elusive. In this work, we show that amyloid disassembly is initiated by the destabilization of the fibril ends, followed by the fast propagation of protofilament unzipping and depolymerization along the fibril axis. This mechanism results in an all-or-none disaggregation of individual aggregates, avoiding the accumulation of harmful intermediate aggregated species. We specifically show that chaperones preferentially target the most toxic α-synuclein species, namely oligomers and short fibrils. Thus, our data provide a better understanding of the chaperone-mediated disaggregation at the molecular level, a crucial step to identify potential targets for the treatment of amyloid-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Cutting properties of aluminum matrix composites
Authors: Chen Yijin , Vinogradov D V , Kurganov S V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Promising aluminum matrix composite experimental samples were obtained for the study of cutting properties. The peculiarities of the drilling process, as the most demanded and indicative process of machining, were assessed by the axial cutting force, torque, and chip shape. Studies of composite samples of various compositions with the initial matrix alloy made it possible to establish the basic laws of material behavior, to reveal the influence of reinforcing components, and to give recommendations on the drilling of the materials.
Comparative analysis and comprehensive studies showed that the reinforcement of aluminum matrix composites affects the structure. The modifying effect of the reinforcement, expressed in the refinement of the grain structure, affects the hardness of the material. The strengthening effect of various reinforcements was accompanied by not so unambiguous behavior in the evaluation of machinability. With the introduction of SiC, the cutting force was decreased, but the conditions for chip removal deteriorated. When copper was added, cutting forces and torque were reduced by 2 times about the initial matrix alloy. The torque was further reduced when drilling a specimen with Cu-Al2O3 complex reinforcement. It can be argued that according to a comprehensive assessment of the cutting ability, the material with the addition of copper and nanoparticles of aluminum oxide shows the best characteristics.
Maslinic acid activates mTORC1 and human TGR5 and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Murata Shotaro , Sasaki Takashi , Yamauchi Yuki , Shimizu Makoto , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Maslinic acid, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene in more than 30 plants (including olives), reportedly increases human muscle mass and muscle strength; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or supplemented with 0.27% maslinic acid for 4 weeks, and their skeletal muscle mass was measured. Mice that consumed maslinic acid displayed significant increases in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass. Cultured mouse-C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) or protein kinase b (Akt) inhibitor, and protein synthesis was quantified. Maslinic acid accelerated protein synthesis via mTORC1 activation independent of Akt. Furthermore, maslinic acid activated human Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) more strongly than mouse TGR5, augmenting the expression of several genes related to muscular hypertrophy. Maslinic acid activated mTORC1 and human TGR5, implying its contribution to human muscular hypertrophy through these effects.