bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular insertion regulates the donor-acceptor interactions in cocrystals for the design of piezochromic luminescent materials
Authors: Zhai Chunguang , Yin Xiu , Niu Shifeng , Yao Mingguang , Hu Shuhe , Dong Jiajun , Shang Yuchen , Wang Zhigang , Li Quanjun , Sundqvist Bertil , Liu Bingbing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Developing a universal strategy to design new piezochromic luminescent materials with desirable properties remains challenging. Here, we report that insertion of a non-emissive molecule into a donor (perylene) and acceptor (TCNB) binary cocrystal can realize fine manipulation of intermolecular interactions between perylene and TCNB for desirable piezochromic luminescent properties. A continuous pressure-induced emission enhancement up to 3 GPa and a blue shift from 655 nm to 619 nm have been observed in perylene-TCNB cocrystals upon THF insertion, in contrast to the red-shifted and quenched emission observed when compressing perylene-TCNB cocrystals and other cocrystals reported earlier. By combining experiment with theory, it is further revealed that the inserted non-emissive THF forms blue-shifted H-bonds with neighboring TCNB molecules and promote a conformation change of perylene molecules upon compression, causing the blue-shifted and enhanced emission. This strategy remains valid when inserting other molecules as non-emissive component into perylene-TCNB cocrystals for abnormal piezochromic luminescent behaviors. Our strategy could also be extended to other cocrystals with different donor-acceptor components, opening a new way for designing novel piezochromic luminescent materials for future applications.
Implementation of nursing process among nurses at Woldia Referral hospital, Northern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Getie Addisu , Wondmieneh Adam , Gebremeskel Teshome 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Many countries have adopted the nursing process as a basic requirement for quality health care services, but there is a problem with its implementation in the clinical areas of many hospitals. Even though nurses accept the benefits of the nursing process, they do not use it practically. The implementation of the nursing process in Ethiopia is not well organized and developed. Many health care settings in Ethiopia demand the application of the nursing process in clinical practice.
Methods

An institutional-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted at Woldia referral hospital. A simple random sampling technique was applied to select study subjects. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from February to March 2020. Binary logistic regressions were used. Then, P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.
Result

This study reviled that 62.8% of nurses implemented the nursing process. Work experience greater than or equal to five years [AOR: 1.79; 95% CI (1.31–4.84)], support from the administration of the organization to do the nursing process [AOR: 1.98; 95% CI (1.22–3.01)], and knowledgeable nurses [AOR: 2.21; 95% CI (1.32–4.97)] are significantly associated with the implementation of the nursing process.
Conclusion

More than sixty present nurses implemented the nursing process. Work experience, organizational support to implement the nursing process, and knowledge were significant factors affecting the implementation of the nursing process.
Combined Impact of Pre-sensitization and Delayed Graft Function on Allograft Rejection in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hanbi , Park Yohan , Ban Tae Hyun , Song Sang Heon , Song Seung Hwan , Yang Jaeseok , Ahn Curie , Yang Chul Woo , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not delayed graft function (DGF) and pre-transplant sensitization has a synergistic adverse effect on allograft outcome after deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) database, the nationwide prospective cohort. The study included 1,370 cases between May 2014 and June 2019. The cases were divided into 4 subgroups according to pre-sensitization and the development of DGF post-transplant (non-pre-sensitized-DGF(-)(n=1100), non-pre-sensitized-DGF(+)(n=133), pre-sensitized-DGF(-)(n=116), and pre-sensitized-DGF(+)(n=21)). We compared the incidence of biopsy-proven allograft rejection (BPAR), time-related change in allograft function, allograft or patient survival, and post-transplant complications across 4 subgroups. The incidence of overall BPAR and acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) was significantly higher in the pre-sensitized-DGF(+) subgroup than in other 3 subgroups. In addition, multivariable cox regression analysis demonstrated that pre-sensitization combined with DGF is an independent risk factor for both overall BPAR (hazard ratio 3.253, p = 0.005) and acute ABMR (hazard ratio 7.589, p < 0.001). Moreover, DGF and pre-sensitization showed significant interaction. Pre-sensitization combined with DGF did not show significant impact on allograft function, and allograft or patient survival. In conclusion, pre-sensitization and DGF had a synergistic adverse impact on allograft rejection after DDKT.
Rating of Physiotherapy Student Clinical Performance in A Paediatric Setting: Is It Possible to Gain Assessor Consistency?
Authors: Fulton Tessa , Myatt Kerry , Kirwan Garry W , Clark Courtney R , Dalton Megan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: During workplace based clinical placements, best practice in assessment dictates that students should expect consistency between assessors rating their performance. To assist clinical educators (CEs) to provide a consistent assessment of physiotherapy student performance, nine paediatric vignettes depicting various standards of student performance, as assessed by the Assessment of Physiotherapy Practice (APP), were developed. The project aimed to evaluate the consistency of physiotherapy educators assessing student competence in a paediatric setting using video vignettes alongside the APP. Methods: Thirty-six CEs, with minimum 3-years clinical experience and had supervised a student within the past year, were sent three videos at four-week intervals. Videos depicted the same clinical scenario, however student performance varied with each video. Consistency among raters was assessed using percentage agreement to establish reliability. Results: The vignettes were assessed a combined total of 60 times. Across scenarios, percentage agreement at the not adequate level was 100%, and combining adequate or better, percentage agreement was >86%. The study demonstrated strong consensus when comparing not adequate to adequate or better student performance. Importantly, no student performance scripted as not adequate was passed by any assessor. Conclusions: Experienced educators demonstrate consistency in identifying a not adequate from adequate or better performance when assessing a one-off student performance using the APP. These validated video vignettes will be a valuable training tool to improve educator consistency when assessing student performance in paediatric physiotherapy.
Application of a new position in endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery: modified prone split-leg position
Authors: Wang Daming , Sun Hongliang , Xie Dongdong , Liu Zhiqi , Yu Dexin , Ding Demao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) well established as a minimally invasive procedure for is treatment of multiple urolithiasis. The position is the key to the perfect combination of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia (GMSV) and prone split-leg position are widely used. However, both positions have their own advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of ECIRS in the treatment of multiple urolithiasis in the modified prone split-leg position.Patients and methods: Total 96 patients with multiple urolithiasis underwent ECIRS in modified prone split-leg position from September 2017 and January 2021. Relevant demographic and clinical data were analysed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes such as stone free rate, complications and postoperative hospital stay were evaluated. Factors predicting stone free rate were also evaluated. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables and Student t test was applied for continuous variables of the treatment groups.Results: The mean renal stones size was 32.5 ± 10.7 mm and renal stone surface area was 712.2 ± 264.8 mm2. The mean ureteral stones size was 24.8 ± 12.3 mm. The mean surgical time was 82.2 ± 38.3 min. The incidence of complications was 16.7%, mainly grade 1 and grade 2. No complications occurred above grade 3. The stone was completely removed in 75 (78.1%) patients in a single operation. The risk factors affecting the stone free rate of ECIRS were analyzed, only the number of involved calyces by stone was found to be significant (p=0.01).Conclusion: ECIRS is safe and effective in the treatment of multiple renal calculi or multiple renal calculi with ipsilateral ureteral calculi in the modified prone split-leg position. The modified of prone split-leg position makes the retrograde operation more convenient, which is conducive to the combination of RIRS and PCNL.
Enhanced growth – more than reforestation – counteracted biomass carbon emissions (1990-2020)
Authors: Noe Julia Le , Erb Karl-Heinz , Matej Sarah , Magerl Andreas , Bhan Manan , Gingrich Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the carbon (C) balance in global forest biomass is key for climate change mitigation. However, land-use and environmental drivers affecting forest C fluxes remain poorly isolated and quantified. Following a counterfactual modelling approached based on global Forest Resource Assessments, we show that in the hypothetical absence of changes in forest (i) area, (ii) harvest or (iii) burnt area, global forest biomass would reverse from an actual cumulative net C source of c. 2.4 GtC to a net C sink of 23.6, 2.7 and 5.2 GtC, respectively in 1990–2020. In contrast, cumulative emissions would be 12.9 GtC, i.e. 6 times higher, in the absence of forest growth changes. A typology systematically assessing C flux drivers reveals that enhanced growth, more than reforestation, counteracted C emissions. This sink function may, however, be discontinued in the future, thus alerting to the need for safer strategies to effectively preserve or enhance C sequestration.
A Case Study of Fabry Nephropathy and Its Progression: The First Reported Case in Malaysia
Authors: Lin Ingrid Ting Pao , Ong Andy Tang Sing , Lom Fam Tem , Hong Clare Tan Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionFabry disease (FD) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by the genetic deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A, causing common and serious kidney complications. We report the first case of Fabry disease detected in Malaysia. Clinical ScenarioA 35-year-old man had an incidental finding of proteinuria during routine health screening. His symptoms included frothy urine and intermittent lower limb swelling. Renal biopsy showed features of Fabry’s disease which was confirmed with genetic testing. He had classical hemizygous Fabry disease of c.610 C>T with Fabry nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and cornea verticillata. He was then started on be Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) with agalsidase till date. ConclusionProteinuria is the predominant factor in Fabry nephropathy predicting renal disease progression rate. Early Fabry Disease diagnosis could prevent kidney disease progression through the timely initiation of treatment which will help enhance the quality of life of the patient, as the disease progresses.
Grape Seed Proanthocyanindin Extract Moderated Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cellular Senescence Through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Wu Yan , Dai Sanyou , Long Yang , Liu Hongzhuo , Wan Weiwei , Wan Guangming , Wan Wencui , Zhu Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell was an important cause of degenerative retinal disorders, however, the potential effects of grape seed proanthocyanindin extract (GSPE) through regulating NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway remained unclear.Methods: The effects of GSPE on the cellular senescence biomarkers as well as NAMPT and NAD+ contents were detected in both in-vivo and in-vitro RPE cell models. The protection of GSPE treatment on the mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function of RPE cells were detected with mtDNA lesions, JC-1 staining, ZO1 expression, trans-epithelial cell resistance (TEER) as well as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expressions. The GSPE treatment with NAMPT inhibitor, Fk866, and SIRT1 inhibitor, EX-527, was used in the potential NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 mechanism detection.Results: GSPE significantly improve the NAMPT and NAD+ content in aging mice and thus alleviated the RPE cellular senescence. In advanced in-vitro studies, GSPE could be an activator of NAMPT and thus relieved H2O2 induced NAD+ depression. In advanced analyses, it was reported that GSPE could alleviate mitochondrial homeostasis, barrier function and SASP of aging RPE cells. Thus, detection the SASP in in-vitro aging model provided us knowledge in the understanding of the anti-aging role of GSPE and following detailed pathological mechanism analyses demonstrated that GSPE demonstrated the protective effects in aging RPE cells through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.Conclusions: These findings indicate that GSPE alleviated cellular senescence both in-vivo and in-vitro through NAMPT/SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway. This study highlighted the importance both the potential GSPE in degenerative retinopathy as well as the crosstalk of NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1 function and NLRP3 activation.
Determining Slope- and Free Air Flow Wind Profiles for WKB Prandtl Models.
Authors: Spoeck Gunter , Arbeiter Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During night time, when the air close to the surface cools-down and the atmosphere becomes stable, katabatic down-slope ows may occur in mountainous regions. Contrary, during day time, when the sun heats-up the air close to the surface, and the atmosphere becomes unstable, anabatic upslope ows are prevalent. Up to date, slope winds in the WKB Prandtl model are determined solely by means of specifying the height zj of the maximum turbulent jet above ground. Furthermore, depending on zj parameters K0 and h for a height-dependent eddy thermal diffusivity function KH(z) and a parameter C determining the amplitude for the Prandtl wind speeds must be specified. They are most often estimated from height-dependent wind speeds u, including slope angle α and fixed Prandtl number Pr = KM/KH with KH = KH(z) and KM the eddy viscosity. Having estimated those parameters, friction velocity u*, friction temperature θ* and sensible heat ux QH may be calculated. This article takes the reverse approach: From specified slope angle α, Pr, u*, θ*, QH and specified form of the eddy thermal diffusivity function KH(z) the corresponding WKB Prandtl model is identified. Furthermore, the relationship between u* and θ* calculated via Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for at terrain and those for the WKB Prandtl model are investigated. Using this relationship, we give hints how our new parametrization of the WKB Prandtl model may be used to determine slope ows and free air ows in a micro meteorological model of an alpine valley for pollutant dispersion calculations. We illustrate our derivations by applying our algorithms for the calculation of the WKB Prandtl model to four examples with two taken from Grisogono et al. (2015).
Conservation genetics of a wide-ranged temperate snake: same species, different locations, and different behaviour
Authors: vacher jean-pierre , Graitson Eric , Cauwenbergh Julie , Ursenbacher Sylvain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Even though reptiles are threatened worldwide, few studies address their conservation, especially snakes. The goal of our study was to measure the genetic structure of a widely distributed temperate reptile, the smooth snake Coronella austriaca using eight microsatellite markers in two different areas at the core (Alsace, north-eastern France) and at the edge (Wallonia, southern Belgium) of its range. We sampled 506 individuals in 38 localities (respectively 10 and 28). Analysis of genetic structure conducted with a clustering method detected three clusters in Alsace, one group gathering all populations but two. In Wallonia, differentiation was observed on both sides of the Meuse river and in the Southern Ardenne region (southernmost sampling sites). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that individuals share parental relationship up to a distance of 2.8 km in Alsace and up to 10 km in Wallonia. Isolation by distance was detected in Wallonia but the distance explained a very limited part of the differentiation (r = 0.033), whereas no isolation-by-distance pattern was detected in Alsace. Even though genetic differentiation between populations separated by large rivers, highways, or crop fields was detected, dispersal between populations seem currently sufficient to avoid any kind of genetic drift in both regions. These results are strongly contrasting with a previous study in England, suggesting sharp local variation of genetic structuring and diversification between location within the same species, probably related to the position in the distribution area and different densities.
Patient's Perceived Empathy Can Predict Doctor-patient Relationship in Medical Interaction
Authors: Han Caixia , Wu Qing , Liu Chenchen , Wang Pei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship among patient perception of doctors' empathy, doctor-patient communication, and doctor-patient relationship.Methods From November 2019 to April 2020, we used the CARE scale, the SEGUE framework and the PDRQ-15 scale to survey 3,039 patients from 14 provinces in China, ranging in age from 18 to 92 years old.Results 1. The age of the patient, the level and type of hospital, the length of consultation, and the presence or absence of verbal and physical conflict have significant differences in the scores of perceived empathy; 2. There was a significantly positive correlation among patient's perceived empathy, doctor-patient communication, and the doctor-patient relationship (r = 0.65 ~ 0.75, p < 0.001). 3. The patient's perception of doctor empathy can not only directly predict doctor-patient relationship (β = 0.75, p < 0.001), but also influence doctor-patient relationship through the mediating effect of doctor-patient communication (β = 0.56, p < 0.001). Besides, the scores of CARE can effectively explain the variation of each stage of doctor-patient communication skills (R2 = 0.28 ~ 0.37) and the satisfaction (52%) and approachability (54%) of the doctor-patient relationship scale.Conclusion The age of the patient, the type and level of the hospital, and the consultation time affected perceived empathy. Doctor-patient communication plays a partial mediating effect in the influence of empathy on the doctor-patient relationship.Practice implications: Medical institutes should improve the medical environment and carry out humanistic education and patient-centered communication skills training for doctors. These approaches will enhance patients' perceived empathy and therefore improve the doctor-patient relationship.
Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)
Authors: Sepulveda Marcela , Urzúa Cecilia Lemp , Vega José Cárcamo- , Gónzalez Edgar Casanova- , Rojas Miguel Ángel Maynez- , Gutiérrez Sebatian , Ballester Benjamin , Sil José Luis Rulvacaba- 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work concerns the study of colors and dyes identified on archaeological textiles from the Atacama Desert. The different garments and ornaments come from the excavation of two important pre-Columbian cemeteries of the Tarapacá region: Tarapacá-40 attributed to the Formative period (1100 BC - 660 AD) and Pica-8 to the Late Intermediate period (900 - 1450 AD). For the first time, a multi-analytical approach with non-invasive techniques using Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) were applied on samples of less than 2 cm of length for physicochemical characterization of the raw materials and the dyes employed in the textile production of northern Chile. The fibers are from animal origin. Blue, green, and yellow are identified as indigo, but we cannot discard a mixture with other dyes to vary hue and shade; while carminic acid and alizarin - to a lesser extent - are found on red, orange and brown samples. This research provides new elements for the discussion about the textile technology developed in this desertic region, its changes and continuities along with the history. Our results are compared to recent findings on neighbouring regions from northern Chile, to improve the current knowledge and discuss the existence of dyeing textile cultural traditions.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mediated Immune Modulation Is Donor Sex Specific
Authors: Mckinnirey Flyn , Herbert Benjamin , Vesey Graham , McCracken Sharon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are currently being used in clinical trials as proposed treatments for a large range of genetic, immunological, orthopaedic, cardiovascular, endocrine and neurological disorders. MSCs are potent anti-inflammatory mediators which are considered immune evasive and employ a large range of secreted vesicles to communicate and repair damaged tissue. Despite their prolific use in therapy, sex specific mechanism of action is rarely considered as a potential confounding factor for use.The purpose of this study was to examine the potency and functionality of both female and male adipose derived MSCs in order to gain further insights into donor selection. Using functional immune assays, ELISA, multiplex and immunophenotyping we showed female MSCs (fMSC), consistently suppressed Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation significantly (p<0.0001) more than male MSC (mMSC). In co-culture mPBMCs, showed 60.7+/-15.6% suppression with fMSCs compared with 22.5+/-13.6% suppression with mMSCs. Similarly, fPBMCs were suppressed by 67.9+/-10.4% with fMSCs compared to 29.4+/-9.3% with mMSCs. The enhanced immunosuppression of fMSCs was attributed to the production of higher concentrations of the anti-inflammatory IL-1RA (1025 pg/ml vs 701 pg/ml), PGE-2 (6142pg/ml vs 2448 pg/ml), IDO (3301pg/ml vs 1699pg/ml) and prolonged expression of VCAM-1 post activation relative to mMSCs. In contrast, mMSCs produces more inflammatory G-CSF than fMSCs (806pg/mL vs 503 pg/mL). Moreover, fMSCs, but not mMSCs induced downregulation of the IL-2 receptor and sustained expression of the early T cell activation marker, CD69 in PBMCs further highlighting the differences in immunomodulation potentials between the sexes. In conclusion, our data shows that female MSC are more potent in vitro than their male counterparts. The inability of male MSC to match female MSC driven immunomodulation and to use the inflammatory microenvironment to their advantage is evident and is likely a red flag when using allogeneic male MSC as a therapeutic for disease states.