bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Near-infrared Chemical Inventory of the Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e
Authors: Deibert Emily K. , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Jayawardhana Ray , Ridden-Harper Andrew , Sivanandam Suresh , Karjalainen Raine , Karjalainen Marie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present high-resolution near-infrared spectra taken during eight transits of 55 Cancri e, a nearby low-density super-Earth with a short orbital period (<18 hr). While this exoplanet’s bulk density indicates a possible atmosphere, one has not been detected definitively. Our analysis relies on the Doppler cross-correlation technique, which takes advantage of the high spectral resolution and broad wavelength coverage of our data, to search for the thousands of absorption features from hydrogen-, carbon-, and nitrogen-rich molecular species in the planetary atmosphere. Although we are unable to detect an atmosphere around 55 Cancri e, we do place strong constraints on the levels of HCN, NH3, and C2H2 that may be present. In particular, at a mean molecular weight of 5 amu, we can rule out the presence of HCN in the atmosphere down to a volume mixing ratio (VMR) of 0.02%, NH3 down to a VMR of 0.08%, and C2H2 down to a VMR of 1.0%. If the mean molecular weight is relaxed to 2 amu, we can rule out the presence of HCN, NH3, and C2H2 down to VMRs of 0.001%, 0.0025%, and 0.08%, respectively. Our results reduce the parameter space of possible atmospheres consistent with the analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 observations by Tsiaras et al. and indicate that if 55 Cancri e harbors an atmosphere, it must have a high mean molecular weight or clouds.
Occultation of a Large Star by the Large Plutino (28978) Ixion on 2020 October 13 UTC
Authors: Levine Stephen E. , Zuluaga Carlos A. , Person Michael J. , Sickafoose Amanda A. , Bosh Amanda S. , Collins Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We observed the occultation of the star Gaia DR2 4056440205544338944 by (28978) Ixion. The event was observed from two Lowell Observatory sites, using the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT), near Happy Jack, AZ, USA, and a 0.32 m telescope co-mounted with the Titan Monitoring telescope on Lowell’s Mars Hill campus in Flagstaff, AZ. The LDT chord, at 44.86 s, was roughly 30% longer than the longest predicted possible chord. Under the assumption of a spherical body, Ixion’s fitted diameter D = 709.6 ± 0.2 km. The LDT light-curve profile was used to place an upper limit on the surface pressure P < 2 μbar on any possible atmosphere of Ixion. At the distance of Ixion, the occulted star had a fitted projected diameter of 19.25 ± 0.3 km assuming uniform disk illumination, giving a stellar angular diameter of 0.675 ± 0.010 mas. Using the Gaia EDR3 parallax of 0.565 mas, the stellar radius is

. The measured size is consistent with prior spectral classification of this star as a reddened mid-M giant. This is one of only a modest number of M5 III stars to have a directly measured diameter, and is more distant than most.
Incarner un modèle progressiste
Authors: Birocheau Sonia 
Published: April 2021

Les années 1890-1930 constituent une période charnière dans l’élaboration de nouveaux modèles professionnels dans l’enseignement aux États-Unis. Soucieux de mener des réformes jugées favorables au progrès de la société, divers acteurs entreprennent de modifier le système de formation des enseignants, les méthodes pédagogiques et l’organisation des systèmes scolaires. Chicago est alors un des principaux centres de réflexion de ces projets progressistes de professionnalisation de l’enseignement.
Cet ouvrage propose une étude historique de ces transformations à partir d’un échantillon élargi et inédit d’acteurs, d’institutions et de sources. Quel rôle les enseignants, les directeurs d’école ou le personnel de l’École normale de Chicago eurent-ils dans l’élaboration et la dissémination de nouveaux modèles professionnels ? Dans quelle mesure ces modèles furent-ils mis en pratique quotidiennement dans les établissements ? Quels furent effectivement l’envergure et le contenu de cette conquête professionnelle ?
Cette étude de cas apporte un point de vue complémentaire sur l’histoire de l’éducation nord-américaine, du progressisme et de Chicago, et aborde des thématiques qui font écho aux réflexions contemporaines sur l’enseignement, le genre ou les relations raciales.
Les valeurs de la science
Authors: Gozlan Clémentine 
Published: April 2021

Ces vingt dernières années, le monde de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche a connu une série de réformes sans précédent. Reposant sur de nombreux entretiens, archives et observations, cet ouvrage dresse le portrait des universitaires qui ont travaillé dès 2006 à réformer les normes de la profession scientifique au sein d’une nouvelle instance, l’Agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (AERES). Quels savoirs ces acteurs mobilisent-ils pour produire de nouveaux critères d’évaluation ? Dans quelle mesure ces normes redéfinissent-elles ce que « faire de la recherche » signifie aujourd’hui ? Quels défis ces transformations impliquent-elles pour les sciences humaines et sociales ? Parcourant les coulisses d’une agence contestée dès sa création, cette enquête offre un éclairage inédit et intime sur les mutations contemporaines du gouvernement du monde scientifique et réveille les débats sur la science, sa place et sa valeur dans notre société. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux universitaires qui s’intéressent à la sociologie des sciences, de l’action publique ou des professions, mais aussi plus largement aux étudiants et aux scientifiques qui s’interrogent sur les instruments d’évaluation avec lesquels ils doivent composer au quotidien.
Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Inflammation Is Ameliorated in Dectin-1–Deficient Mice, in Which Pulmonary Regulatory T Cells Are Expanded through Modification of Intestinal Commensal Bacteria
Authors: Han Wei , Tang Ce , Baba Seiya , Hamada Tomofumi , Shimazu Tomoyuki , Iwakura Yoichiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Asthma is an allergic chronic respiratory disease that affects more than 300 million people around the world. Dysbiosis of intestinal commensal microbiota influences the development of asthma. Dectin-1 (gene symbol: Clec7a), a C-type lectin receptor, plays an important role in the intestinal immune homeostasis by controlling regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation through regulation of intestinal microbiota. However, it is not clear whether intestinal immune conditions affect immune responses in other organs. In this study, we examined the effects of Dectin-1 deficiency on allergic airway inflammation (AAI). OVA-induced AAI was attenuated in Clec7a–/– mice. Treg cells were more abundant in colonic lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Clec7a–/– mice after AAI induction. Treatment with antibiotics, but not an antifungal agent, decreased the abundance of intestinal Treg cells and aggravated the symptoms of AAI in Clec7a–/– mice. Transplantation of gut microbiota from Clec7a–/– mice into antibiotic-treated hosts increased the abundance of intestinal Treg cells and ameliorated AAI. Overcolonization by Lactobacillus murinus, a Dectin-1 signaling-regulated commensal bacterium, also promoted expansion of Treg cells in the colon and suppressed lung inflammation. Depletion of Treg cells with anti-CD25 Ab eliminated the phenotypic differences between wild-type and Clec7a–/– mice in OVA-induced AAI. These observations suggest that inhibition of Dectin-1 signaling ameliorates AAI by increasing the abundance of Treg cells in lungs through modification of intestinal commensal bacteria, suggesting a role for commensal microbiota in regulating inflammation in organs other than the intestine.
Hygroscopic properties of thermally modified false Iroko [Antiaris toxicara (Lesch)]
Authors: Faruwa F.A. , Duru K. 
Published: April 2021

The study investigated the use of thermal modification to improve the hygroscopic properties of False Iroko [Antiaris toxicaria (Lesch)]. Samples of Antiaris toxicara Lesch wood were subjected to thermal modification in a furnace at temperatures of 160, 180 and 200°C for 30 and 60 minutes. Results showed that wood properties were improved with exposure to different temperatures. Subsequent to the thermal process, a colour change from pale yellow to darkish brown was observed progressively with increase in temperature, accompanied by a weight loss in the range of 12.08% to 23.67%. The outcome of these treatments resulted in a decrease in volumetric swelling and increase in dimensional stability of modified wood; this can be attributed to observed decrease in moisture intake. The thermal modification of Antiaris toxicara Lesch wood affected the dimensional stability properties. Thus, due to significant changes via modification carried out on the selected species which is classified as lesser utilized wood species, lesser utilized wood,Antiaristoxicara Lesch wood is recommended for use due to its efficient dimensional stability after modification .
keywords:, Thermally modified wood ;False Iroko
Fatty acid profile and health lipid indices in the raw milk of ewes grazing part-time and hemp seed supplementation of lactating ewes
Authors: Mierlita D 
Published: April 2021

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the feeding system (indoor or part-time grazing) of ewes and dietary supplementation with hemp seed (non-drug varieties of Cannabis sativa L.) on milk production and the composition of milk fatty acids (FAs). The experimental diets were constituted as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of feeding system (I: indoors and receiving 1400 g dry matter (DM) grass hay/d or pasture grazing (PG)–4 h/day + 700 g DM grass hay/d), and with or without hemp seed (Hs) supplementation (-Hs = no hemp seed vs. +Hs = 175 g/d hemp seed). All animals received 700 g DM/day of a concentrate for lactation. Feeding the PG diets increased raw milk production and yields of fat, protein and lactose. Feeding +Hs increased fat-corrected milk, milk fat content and fat yield significantly while the combination of +Hs and PG increased fat-corrected milk and fat yield significantly. Milk protein content was not affected by dietary factors. Feeding the I diets increased the proportion of short-chain FAs (C4:0 - C10:0), at the expense of medium-chain FAs (12 to 17 C units). Feeding +Hs decreased the proportion of short-chain FAs, medium-chain FAs and hypercholesterolaemic FA (sum of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0) and increased the trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11, VA), α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in milk fat significantly. The combination of hemp seed and part-time grazing produced the highest proportion of c9,t11 CLA, t10,c12 CLA and n-3 FA (sum of ALA, EPA, DHA) in milk fat. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios in the milk from ewes grazing part time were significantly higher, whereas the atherogenicity index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI) and linoleic acid (LA)/ALA ratio were significantly lower compared with the milk of indoor-fed ewes. Supplementing with +Hs has a similar effect of increasing the PUFA/SFA ratio and lowering of the AI, TI and LA/ALA ratio. It was concluded that pasture grazing combined with hemp seed had a synergistic effect on milk production and fat yield without altering the milk protein content in ewes. This combination has favourable effects on milk FA profile from the human consumer’s point of view by increasing the nutritional quality of milk.Keywords: α-linolenic acid, atherogenicitiy index, Cannabis sativa, c9,t11 CLA, n-6/n-3 FA
KATEKESE PENDALAMAN KITAB SUCI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RASA PERCAYA DIRI DAN KEBERANIAN MENGUNGKAPKAN PENGALAMAN IMAN BAGI ANAK BINAAN EMAUS DALAM RANGKA BULAN KITAB SUCI NASIONAL TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ason Ason , Peterianus Septian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this service activity is to introduce the holy book as a source of faith and inspiration for life. Specifically, the aim of this activity is to increase the confidence and courage of the boarders who are assisted by Emmaus in sharing their faith experiences based on the scriptures. The method used in deepening the scriptures is the catechetical method of the people. In-depth meetings are held 1 (once) a week for 4 (four) weeks in September 2020. Each meeting has a sub-theme as an elaboration of the big theme, namely: "Proclaiming the Good News Amida Crisis of Faith and Identity." The data collection technique used is direct observation in which the abserver is involved in the activity. The object observed was the participants' self-confidence and courage in the deepening of diabetes. The result that was achieved in this service activity was an increase in the sense of self-confidence and the courage of the participants in thanks to the technique. This is indicated by the increase in the percentage of the active study participants who express their experiences of faith based on the scriptures.Key words: Catechesis, deepening of the scriptures, Emmaus-assisted boarders Abstrak: Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah mengenalkan kitab suci sebagai sumber iman dan inspirasi hidup. Secara khusus tujuan kegiatan ini meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan keberanian anak asrama binaan Emaus dalam berketekese, mengungkapkan pengalaman iman mereka berdasarkan kitab suci. Metode yang digunakan dalam pendalaman kitab suci adalah metode katekese umat. Pertemuan pendalaman dilaksanakan 1 (satu) kali seminggu selama 4 (empat) minggu dalam bulan September 2020. Setiap pertemuan memiliki sub tema sebagai penjabaran dari tema besar yakni;”Mewartakan Kabar Baik Di Tengah Krisis Iman dan Identitas.” Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung di mana abserver terlibat didalam kegiatan. Obyek yang diobservasi adalah rasa percaya diri dan keberanian peserta pendalaman dalam berkatekese. Hasil yang dicapai dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah rasa percara diri dan keberanian peserta dalam berkatekese meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan bertambahnya presentase jumlah peserta pendalaman yang aktif berkatekese mengungkapkan pengalaman imannya berdasarkan kitab suci.Kata kunci: Katekese, pendalaman kitab suci, anak asrama binaan Emaus
peritonitis diverticular: ¿qué nos enseño DILALA?
Authors: Barletta Diego 
Published: April 2021

CONTEXTO Y ANTECEDENTES: DILALA comparó el lavado laparoscópico (LL) con la operación de Hartmann (OH) en Hinchey 3. Se trató de uno de los pocos ensayos aleatorios realizados hasta la fecha, por ello es necesario realizar una profunda revisión metodológica para validar u objetar sus conclusiones.

OBJETIVOS: analizar la metodología empleada en el diseño, aplicación, análisis de resultados y conclusiones de sus publicaciones. Secundariamente, colaborar en el mejoramiento de la investigación de la peritonitis diverticular y facilitar el análisis del tema por parte de los lectores.

MÉTODOS: se analizaron las partes centrales de toda investigación, desde la pregunta de investigación, elaboración de hipótesis, operacionalización de variables y diseño del ensayo, análisis estadístico de resultados y conclusiones. Se buscaron errores, sesgos y debilidades que pudiesen objetar los hallazgos del estudio.

RESULTADOS: se diseñó como un ensayo controlado, randomizado, abierto de 2 ramas con una distribución 1:1. Se trató de un estudio de superioridad y sus datos fueron analizados tanto por intención de tratar como por protocolo. En él se encontraron posibles sesgos de selección, debilidades y errores metodológicos. Según sus autores DIALA demostró que LL es seguro y factible, con menor tiempo operatorio y estadia, asi como también con menos reoperaciones (tanto en proporción de pacientes como en cantidad de reoperaciones por pacientes) que OH.

CONCLUSIONES: La validez de la variable principal (reoperaciones) fue comprometida al incluir el cierre de ostomías y excluir a los drenajes percutáneos sin anestesia. Además, se encontraron 3 posibles sesgos de selección de la muestra. La inferencia de seguridad y factibilidad fue errónea ya que la muestra es demasiado pequeña para mostrar diferencias en morbimortalidad. DILALA demostró lo evidente, que OH conlleva la necesidad de una ostomía y eventualmente una cirugía para su cierre.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN GURU DALAM MENANGANI SISWA SPEECH DELAY
Authors: Manurung Novarida 
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang masalah dan tantangan guru dalam menghadapi siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, mengetahui kebutuhan siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, mengetahui dan menerapkan Solusi pendekatan, metoda dan strategi yang efektif dan efisien dalam menghadapi siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay, untuk mengetahui hasil hasil dari solusi pendekatan, metode dan strategi yang digunakan siswa yang memiliki gangguan bicara atau keterlambatan berkomunikasi atau speech delay. Dilakukan melalui membaca dari berbagai sumber atau studi pustaka dan pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan serta pengalaman pribadi penulis sebagai guru mata pelajaran kimia dan sebagai wali kelas sepuluh jurusan Nautika Kapal Niaga di SMK negeri 12 Medan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Hasil yang diperoleh oleh penulis dalam pengalaman, diperoleh bahwa anak yang mengalami gangguan komunikasi ini memiliki berbagai karakter yang unik, pribadi yang menyendiri dan dari kesendiriannya ternyata dihasilkan suatu karya yang baik. Untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki anak yang sering di sebut idola ini melalui komunikasi lewat tulisan dengan karya yang luman bagus perlu diikut sertakan dalam berbagai kegiatan lomba menulis puisi atau pantun. Ini diperlukan seorang pembimbing yang memiliki hati yang tangguh sehingga potensi anak tersebut dapat tergalih dengan baik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan strategi pembelajaran guru kimia dalam menangani siswa speech delay.
Perjanjian Kerjasama Internasional dalam Konstruksi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Riry Welly Angela , Baadilla Efie , Leatemia Wilshen , Hattu Vondaal Vidya 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The times have demanded international cooperative relations, including Indonesia, which is solely done to improve the welfare and prosperity of the people. International agreements are the main instrument for the implementation of international cooperative relations. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this research is to find out and understand the position of international cooperation agreements in the construction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative study using a statutory approach with the source of legal materials used primary legal materials and secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials with qualitative analysis with deductive and inductive methods. Results of the Research: Every process of implementing and ratifying an international cooperation agreement must be carried out using formal statutory instruments so that the Indonesian state forms and issues a regulation in regulating all matters concerning international agreements, this proves the importance of establishing international cooperation and also shows that international cooperation agreements also become part of the construction of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum Wilayah Pesisir dalam Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Perusakan Laut Pesisir di Negeri Batumerah Damer, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Palijama Tomy 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Indonesia with its geographic form as an archipelagic country. Based on these considerations, the Indonesian government states that all waters around, between and connecting islands are the territorial territory of the Indonesian state. Purposes of the Research: Assessing and analyzing the legal protection of coastal areas in controlling pollution and destruction of coastal seas.Methods of the Research: This research is a normative study using a statutory approach with the source of legal materials used primary legal materials and secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials with qualitative analysis with deductive and inductive methods. Results of the Research: Environmental pollution is caused by human activities themselves, either through industrial activities or household activities that produce waste and garbage, which are grouped into 3 things, namely the existence of environmental pollution (pollution), land misuse (land misused) and destruction or depletion of sources. natural resources (Natural Resources). Environmental pollution in the form of water pollution which includes rivers and lakes, marine pollution, air pollution and noise.
Synthesis nanocompsite TiO2-ZrO2 for photocatalic degration of phenol and methylene blue (MB)
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hai Yen  , Le Thi Hong Hai  , Pham Thi Minh Thao  
Published: April 2021

A series of TiO2-ZrO2 binary oxide samples with various TiO2-ZrO2 content (90-10, 80-20, 70-30, 60-40, 50-50 mol %) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and BET. XRD data identified the anatase phase of the TiO2 and tetragonal, monoclinic phases of ZrO2 in all obtained samples. The average crystallite size of the samples was between 16 to 21 nm. As UV-Vis spectra, the band gaps of TiO2-ZrO2 composites vary from 2,5 eV to 3,1 eV. The photocatalytic reactions confirmed that the nanocomposite sample showed higher photocatalytic activity than the pure oxides samples for the degradation of phenol and methylene blue (MB) under 100 W incandescent lamp. Among the prepared samples, the best sample for photocatalytic degration of MB is the ĐKT9-1 which contains 90% TiO2 and 10% ZrO2 with a percentage 95% after 180 minutes. The ĐKT8-2 which contains 80% TiO2 and 20% ZrO2 shows the best phenol removal efficiency of 97% after 30 minutes. This indicates that the materials are capable of treating MB and phenol in wastewater.
Iron deficiency and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanvir Imrana , Khan Rizwan Ullah , Hassan Amber , Mumtaz Sami Ullah 
Published: April 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma caused by excessive substance abuse like alcohol, tobacco etc. Objectives: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the iron expression in different grades of OSCC and potential of iron staining as a prognostic marker and its importance as an essential nutrient in diet. Methods and Patients: It was a cross sectional study. A total of 40 oral biopsies were evaluated and the mean age of patients was 53.5 years with age range 23-80 years. 14 cases were well differentiated, 14 moderately differentiated and there were 12 poorly differentiated case. Iron staining was performed for all these cases. Results: Iron positivity was observed in 11 (27.5%) of OSCC patients with maximum iron positivity in well differentiated group (64.28%) of age range 20-40 years (70%). More patients had tongue as site of cancer. There was no genderwise difference in iron expression. Iron deficiency was associated with poor prognosis indicating iron as an important nutrient which can prevent OSCC if adequately present in our routine diet. Conclusions: Prevalence of iron positivity in young patients and initial stage of OSCC, indicates the protective effect of iron against oral squamous cell carcinoma