bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embellisia allii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Embellisia allii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Allium sativum
(white garlic). DISEASE: Garlic bulb canker; lesions occur on the bulbs of white garlic on the back and edges of the cloves where they touch other cloves. Lesions are seen as a dark layer underneath the epidermis. The fungus then penetrates the parenchyma causing a breakdown of the cells to form lacunae in which the fungus can sporulate. The leaves and flower stems of garlic can also be attacked by the fungus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Zimbabwe. Asia: Israel. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (NSW), New Zealand. Europe: Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Spain, UK, Yugoslavia. North America: Mexico, USA (Louisiana, Massachussetts, New Mexico). Central & South America: Argentina. Brazil, Chile. Puerto Rico, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: The fungus overwinters in the plant debris, soil and infected bulbs.
Entyloma ficariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Entyloma ficariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Ranunculus ficaria
and other species of
Ranunculus; R. acris, R. auricomus, R. bongardii, R. cassubicus, R. eremogenes, R. macounii, R. montanus, R. multifidus, R. nemorosus, R. occidentalis, R. oreophilus, R. pennsylvanicus, R. polyanthemos, R. repens, R. sardous, R. scleratus, R. septentrionalis
; there are occasional records for other
Ranunculaceae
(
Anemone, Thalictrum
). DISEASE: Leaf spot or white smut of
Ranunculus
species. Infected plants often show slightly smaller leaves and fewer flowers than uninfected. Although the smut is not systemic, it is common for almost every leaf of a plant to develop spots and for disease to persist within a small area year after year. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in north temperate regions. Asia: Japan, Turkey, USSR; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR; North America: Canada, USA (33: 450 & 634; Vanky, 1985). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive in infected plant remains in soil and germinate, chiefly in spring, to infect the new seasons leaves. Conidia are disseminated by wind and rain and contribute to the spread of disease throughout the growing season.
Penicillium viridicatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium viridicatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Most commonly associated with cereals and their products (Pitt, 1980). DISEASES: On animals: It has been implicated in porcine nephropathy (RMVM 19, 996). In man: It causes allergic reactions in grain workers (RMVM 23: 575). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, with a particular preference for more temperate climates.
Elsinoe batatas
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Elsinoe batatas
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Ipomoea batatas
. DISEASE: Leaf and stem scab of sweet potato. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, Brunei, Caroline Islands, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Guadalcanal ?, Guam, Hong Kong, Japan. Malaysa (including Sabah and Sarawak), New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea. Taiwan, Tonga, Vanuata. TRANSMISSION: By waterborne spores and through cuttings.
Phyllachora musicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hyde K. D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora musicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Musa
spp. DISEASE: Tar spot of banana (black cross disease). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne and water-borne ascospores.
Rehmiodothis osbeckiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rehmiodothis osbeckiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Melastoma candidum, M. decemfidum, M. fuscum, M. malabathricum, M. polyanthum, M. sanguineum, Osbeckia octandra, O. virgata
. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java), Philippines, Sri Lanka. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne dispersal of ascospores. Little is known of the pathology of this fungus.
Davisomycella ponderosae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Davisomycella ponderosae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus ponderosa
. DISEASES: Needle cast of pines. The fungus fruits on dead needles, or on dead portions between green parts of otherwise living needles. Trees from 1.5-9 m high have been affected, those in the higher range being affected only in the lower crown, while foliage throughout the crown of smaller trees showed symptoms. Most observations have been of the fungus fruiting on needles still attached to the tree, frequently attacking only one or two needles of a bundle. Needle bundles with attacked needles were often observed to be shed prematurely. Ascospore discharge has been observed between mid-July and mid-August, though ascomata containing spores which could germinate have been collected as late as mid-October (44, 892). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (Colorado). TRANSMISSION: By airborne ascospores in wet or humid conditions.
Lophodermella concolor
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Millar C. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophodermella concolor
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus banksiana, Pinus contorta, Pinus contorta
var.
murrayana
. DISEASES: needle cast of pines.
Lophodermella concolor
is a strong pathogen with a 1-year life cycle (12, 254). New needles are infected in June and July, and turn reddish-brown about nine months later, becoming somewhat greyish brown when the ascomata start to appear in May. Infected needles are dwarfed and appear tufted. Infection is more or less even on young crowns, but on older trees the lower crown is most heavily infected, with often only the current year's needles remaining. Needle-cast occurs 12-14 months after initial infection at, or slightly before maturation of the ascomata. The disease leads often to almost entire defoliation, which may result in shoot and branch death (12, 254; Mielke, 1956). Where tree mortality due to
L. concolor
occurs, it is most likely to be in highly susceptible, low-vigour or stressed trees in overstocked stands (Williams, 1976). Root diseases and bark beetles may be contributory factors. Severe infection occurs in areas where fog or mist are common, and high precipitation probably increases disease incidence (Mielke, 1956). Resistant trees, which come from among the tallest and most vigourous, have been selected for inclusion in a
P. contorta
improvement programme, but results of any further work on resistance have not yet been reported. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan), USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming, Utah). TRANSMISSION: by airborne ascospores in wet or humid conditions.
Meloderma sharmarum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meloderma sharmarum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus merkusii, Pinus
sp. DISEASES: Needle cast of pines. Little is known of the biology of
M. sharmarum
, but the only other member of this genus known from pines has several times been implicated in needle cast of pines, so
M. sharmarum
should also be regarded as a potential source of disease. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bhutan, India (Arunchal Pradesh), Thailand. TRANSMISSION: By airborne ascospores in wet or humid conditions.
Calonectria pteridis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Calonectria pteridis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Arachis hypogaea, Arachnoides adiantiformis
(62, 687; 63, 4469),
Arecastrum romanzoffianum, Asparagus plumosus, Callistemon
spp.,
Cedrella vulgaris, Chamadorea elegans, Cocos nucifera, Collinia elegans, Dryopteris, Eucalyptus
spp.,
Heliconia bihai, Howea
spp.,
Lupinus
spp.,
Melaleuca leucadendron
(48, 609),
Pinus caribaea
var.
hondurensis, P. oocarpa, Rhododendron obtusum, Scolopendrium
sp.,
Solanum tuberosum
(61, 4007),
Strelitzia reginae, Washingtonia robusta
. DISEASE: Associated with leaf spots and root disease of various hosts. Leaf spot of oil palm on the Ivory Coast (53, 1502; 59, 1835), of
Camellia sinensis
in Mauritius (41; 358; 53, 1669), and needle blight of
Pinus caribaea
(61, 6624) have been reported. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Australia, Brazil (61, 5172), India, Malaysia (53, 4211), Sabah, U.S.A. (Florida). TRANSMISSION: Probably wind and splash dispersed.
Calonectria spathulata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Calonectria spathulata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Araucaria angustifolia; Eucalyptus viminalis, E. cloeziana, E. grandis, Pteridium
sp. DISEASE: Leaf spots (65, 6198). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind and splash dispersed.
Phomopsis elaeidis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phomopsis elaeidis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Elaeis guineensis
(oil palm) (
Palmae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot of oil palm. Lesions elliptical to irregular, light brown with a paler central area. The fungus has also been isolated from roots and seeds. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Guinea, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zaire); Asia (India including Andaman Is., Sabah, East Malaysia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia: Northern Territory; Solomon Is.); Central America (Dominica); South America (Ecuador). TRANSMISSION: Most probably by water and debris in the soil. The mode of entry and spread of the disease have not been investigated.
Phomopsis folliculicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phomopsis folliculicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Theobroma cacao
(cocoa) (main host),
Guazuma grandiflora
(=
Theobroma grandiflora
) and
Trochetia boutoniana
(
Sterculiaceae
). DISEASE: Associated with rotting pod, flower stalk, bark, stem and witches broom condition of cocoa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda); Asia (India, Malaysia, Sabah); Australasia & Oceania (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is.) South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Dominica, Granada, Jamaica, St. Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by conidia dispersed by water splash during wet and humid conditions.
Nectria radicicola var. coprosmae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. , Samuels G. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nectria radicicola var. coprosmae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On many different woody and herbaceous plants including
Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae), Coprosma (Rubiaceae
),
Fuchsia (Onagraceae), Olearia (Asteraceae), Ripogonum (Smilacaceae), Weinmannia (Cunoniaceae
), and on the tree fern
Cyathea medullaris
(Forst. f.) Bernh. DISEASE: None known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand (North and South Islands).
Cylindrocladium ovatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cylindrocladium ovatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Eucalyptus
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Amazonia, Brazil. TRANSMISSION: Probably wind and splash dispersed.
Peronospora digitalis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora digitalis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Digitalis ferruginea, D. grandiflora
(=
D. ambigua
),
D. lutea, D. purpurea
. DISEASE: Downy mildew of
Digitalis
species. Leaf lesions are hypophyllous, dark brown, spherical, initially 1-2 cm diam., eventually coalescing. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia-Temperate: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia. Europe: Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Scotland, Wales). TRANSMISSION: By conidia dispersed by wind or rain-splash.
Trichocladium opacum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Trichocladium opacum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Betula, Castanea, Epilobium, Fagus, Fraxinus, Heterodera, Phragmites, Platanthera, Quercus, Ribes, Solanum
,
Spiraea
. Also from leaf litter, soil, water and wood. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Pakistan. Australasia & Oceania: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Eire, Spain UK. North America: Canada. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via conidia dispersed by air or water, or movement of infected soil or plant debris.
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Citrullus lanatus
is the natural host.
Cucumis melo
(61, 1997) has also been noted and other members of the
Cucurbitaceae
can produce symptoms following inoculation. DISEASE: Two distinct symptoms have been observed: 1) leaf spots, forming water-soaked lesions on the cotyledons of seedlings; 2) watermelon fruit blotch, forming large, firm, water-soaked lesions with irregular margins on fruit. As lesions age on fruit the periderm can crack and bacterial ooze is produced. The pathogen is thought to enter the fruit through stomata; immature fruits in particular are infected (Frankle
et al.
, 1993). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Guam, Tinian, (possibly Malaysia and Indonesia, IMI records), USA (AR, DE, Florida, GA, IW, IN, MD, NC, SC). TRANSMISSION: The spread of seedling blight appears to be seed borne (Sowell & Schaad, 1979). No information on the spread of watermelon fruit blotch exists at present, though dissemination by infected seed seems likely.
Burkholderia caryophylli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Burkholderia caryophylli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dianthus caryophyllus
, and
D
.
allwoodii
and
D
.
barbatus
by inoculation.
Gysophila paniculata
(71, 5902),
Helianthus annuus
(71, 7223) and
Limonium sinuatum
(63, 3401; 68, 3811). DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and stem cracking; a systemic vascular disease. Vascular tissues fracture as a result of invasion, resulting in a generalized wilt of the plant with roots disintegrating. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: (
CMI Map
411, ed. 2, 1976) China, Japan, Taiwan, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Yugoslavia, USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, Missouri, New York, Pennsylvania, Washington State), Argentina, Brazil (SE). TRANSMISSION: The main source of infection is by the movement of infected cuttings taken from mother plants with latent infections. Infection can also occur from contaminated tools and water.
Alternaria longissima
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria longissima
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On pollen grains, husks and grains of numerous members of the
Poaceae
, such as
Zea mays, Pennisetum typhoides, Saccharum officinarum
and
Oryza sativa
; on seeds of
Sesamum
and
Capsicum
, and on diverse plant debris. DISEASE: None is normally caused in the natural environment, however it is reported as causing stem and leaf blight of sunflowers in Thailand (71, 5765), as well as a zonate leaf spot and stem necrosis of
Sesamum
(61, 5893). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. C. & S. America: Cuba, Venezuela. N. America: Bermuda, USA (GA, NC). Asia: Bhutan, Brunei, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand. Europe: Ukraine. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (QLD, VIC), New Zealand, Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, New Georgia). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia as well as on seeds.
Ulocladium botrytis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ulocladium botrytis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wood, seeds, stems, leaves of many different plants, soil, textiles, paper. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Moçambique. Asia: India, Iraq, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. America: Canada, Honduras, USA (California, MA). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Eire, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia, and possibly through water, soil and plant debris.
Cladosporium variabile
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cladosporium variabile
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Spinacia oleracea
. Reports of this species from other hosts, such as
Impatiens
and
Brassica
, generally refer to infections by
Cladosporium macrocarpum
Preuss. DISEASE: Leaf-spot of spinach. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China (Shaanxi, Xinjiang), India. N. America: USA (MA, VA). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, UK. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.
Mycosphaerella delegatensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. , Carnegie A. J. , Keane P. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella delegatensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Eucalyptus delegatensis, E. obliqua
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Eucalyptus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia. TRANSMISSION: Spores are wind-borne.
Mycosphaerella parkii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella parkii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Eucalyptus grandis, E. saligna, E. globulus
. DISEASE: Associated with a serious leaf spot disease of
Eucalyptus
in Brazil (72, 5535). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Indonesia. TRANSMISSION: Spores are wind-borne.
Tilletia vittata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Tilletia vittata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Oplismenus
species, including
O. burmannii, O. compositus, O. setarius, O. undulatifolius
. DISEASE: Ovary smut of
Oplismenus
. Usually only about 30% of the ovaries in an inflorescence are infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Kenya; Asia: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; 72, 5629; Karnataka, Shetty & Safeeulla, 1981); Australasia: Australia (Qld); North America: Mexico (Durán, 1972). TRANSMISSION: The dusty spore mass is presumably dispersed by air currents; any seed contamination that occurs is unlikely to be important because infection is not systemic. Shetty & Safeeulla (1981) obtained infection by spraying unopened flowers with basidiosporal suspensions made from agar cultures.
Aspergillus flavus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Zofia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus flavus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found in soils, decaying vegetation, cereals, nuts, spices, etc. (Kozakiewicz, 1994). DISEASES:
On insects
: Frequently found on corn earworms, corn borers (Domsch
et al.
, 1980), bee larvae, locusts, termites, insect scales etc (IMI, 1992).
On man
: Causes invasive lesions of the orbit, particularly in hot, dry geographic regions. It has also been isolated from human skin, nails, bones, the central nervous system and lungs (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, but it is predominantly a tropical and subtropical species.