bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathway toward environmental sustainability: mediating role of corporate social responsibility in green human resource management practices in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Wen Jun , Hussain Hadi , Waheed Junaid , Ali Waheed , Jamil Ihsan 
Published: September 2021

PurposeRecent research validates an increasing knowledge of environmental concerns in manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, only a few studies maintain that green human resource management (HRM) practices and corporate social responsibility (CSR) play an important role, especially in the case of developing economies. Thus, this study aims to examine the direct and indirect relationship between green HRM practices and environmental sustainability (ES) through the mediation of CSR in SMEs in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional design of this study considers the mechanism by which green HRM practices affect ES through CSR in the context of Pakistani SMEs. The authors collected data from 320 manufacturing SMEs and used the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine the relationship between variables.FindingsThe empirical findings of this study suggest green HRM practices have a positive and significant impact on ES. Further, the second hypothesis is not supported. In addition to the direct impact, the indirect effect of green HRM practices on CSR is positive and significant. Finally, the authors determine that green HRM practices affect ES through the partial mediation of CSR.Originality/valueTo date, this study is the first to use CSR as a mediator between green HRM practices and ES in the context of Pakistani SMEs. The study has important implications for HRM and government policy makers, suggesting they should improve strategies in favour of the green economy. Furthermore, developing countries could design similar studies with different future sustainability factors.
The potential of defensive architectural heritage as a resource for proposing cultural itineraries
Authors: Ruiz-Jaramillo Jonathan , García-Pulido Luis José , Montiel-Vega Laura , Muñoz-Gonzalez Carmen M. , Joyanes-Diaz María Dolores 
Published: September 2021

PurposeHeritage landmarks and historical values often coexist with places and regions of remarkable environmental and landscape wealth. This article studies their capacity to generate global understanding of their territory through the creation of cultural routes. The proposed methodology is verified through the study of the defensive features of the ancient Nasrid Kingdom, the last Islamic territory in the Iberian Peninsula from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century, which shaped the Spanish region known as the Kingdom of Granada until the nineteenth century.Design/methodology/approachTo assist in the proposal of new routes, a precise collection of physical data (topography, landmarks, resources, population centres …), existing public paths and protected natural sites was carried out. Those cultural routes relevant to the area of study were also selected and mapped through GIS. A set of indicators prioritised through an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have evaluated the proposed itineraries.FindingsThe methodology enables the integral evaluation of parameters such as natural heritage, existing paths networks, defensive architectural heritage (watchtowers), existing cultural routes or proximity to basic services. The methodology's application allows an index to be obtained that quantifies the global implications of these parameters in the design of new itineraries. This leads to the development of a network with its own narrative that provides a historical, environmental and cultural meaning.Originality/valueWatchtowers in this region have previously been studied as isolated and locally relevant architectural features. This work studies them from an overall perspective, considering each tower as a piece of a complex defensive and territorial system. Cultural routes arise from this joint interpretation as tools to restore and highlight the interrelationship between architectural heritage and territory and people.
Successful principal leadership in challenging American public schools: a brief history of ISSPP research in the United States and its major findings
Authors: Ylimaki Rose M. , Jacobson Stephen , Johnson Lauri , Klar Hans W. , Nino Juan , Orr Margaret Terry , Scribner Samantha 
Published: September 2021

PurposeIn this paper, the authors recap the history and evolution of ISSPP research in the USA with research teams that grew from one location in 2002 to seven teams at present. The authors also examine the unique context of public education in America by describing its governance, key policies and funding as well as increasing student diversity due to changing internal student demographics and global population migrations. In particular, the authors describe how decentralization in American public education that has led to long-standing systemic inequities in school resource allocations and subsequently to marked gaps in performance outcomes for children from poor communities, especially for those of color. These existing inequities were the reason the USA research team was the only national ISSPP team from the original network of eight countries that choose to study exclusively leadership in challenging, high needs schools that performed beyond expectations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors describe the common multi-case case study methodology (Merriam, 1988) and interview protocols employed in order to gather multiple perspectives on school success in high-needs communities and the principal's contribution to that success. Leithwood and Riehl's (2005) framework of core leadership practices for successful school leadership was used to analyze our data across all cases.FindingsThe authors present key findings from cases across the USA and synthesize common trends across these findings.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors conclude the paper with a discussion of their overarching impressions from almost two decades of study, the importance of national and local context in examining school leadership and, lastly, suggestions for future research.Originality/valueThis article contributes to findings from the longest and largest international network on successful leadership.
The cost of corruption and undue private benefit: two hidden faces of the same mirror
Authors: Monteverde Vicente Humberto 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to formulate the cost of corruption and undue private benefit.

Design/methodology/approach
The design is based on cost formulas of the corruption already formulated, and the design of these formulas allows the calculation for Argentina in 2021 of the cost of the corruption.

Findings
The corruption cost models for bribes and cost overruns for public works are the theoretical basis for obtaining the undue private benefit. Based on the formulas developed to calculate the costs of corruption for Argentina 2021.

Research limitations/implications
There are no limitations in the model.

Practical implications
In addition to the calculation of the cost of corruption, the formula of private profit undue by corruption is developed.

Social implications
The social implications are certainty about the cost of corruption for Argentina in 2021.

Originality/value
The present work is original and its value is given by the formulation and practical demonstration of the cost of corruption for Argentina in 2021 and the undue private benefit.
Intellectual capital, organizational culture and ambidexterity in Colombian firms
Authors: López-Zapata Esteban , Ramírez-Gómez Armando De Jesús 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study analyzes the impact of intellectual capital on organizational ambidexterity by evaluating the mediating effect of the different types of organizational cultures (adhocracy, clan, market and hierarchy) on the said relationship.Design/methodology/approachFrom a sample of 124 directors of Colombian firms, the information is analyzed using Structural Equation Models through the Partial Least Squares method (SEM-PLS).FindingsThe results show that intellectual capital has a positive relationship with organizational ambidexterity and that market culture presents a positive mediating effect in the said relationship, while the mediating effects of adhocracy culture, clan culture and hierarchy culture are not significant.Practical implicationsDirectors can favor the development of organizational ambidexterity by investing in the intellectual capital of their firms and by promoting the development of market culture attributes.Originality/valueThis work contributes empirical evidence on the mediating role of organizational culture in the relationship between intellectual capital and ambidexterity, highlighting the importance of market culture over other types of culture for the simultaneous development of exploration and exploitation capabilities, in the context of an emerging Latin American economy such as Colombia.
Feel dragged out: a recovery perspective in the relationship between emotional exhaustion and entrepreneurial exit
Authors: Shahid Subhan , Kundi Yasir Mansoor 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between emotional exhaustion and entrepreneurial exit, particularly how this relationship might be invigorated by two critical psychological factors, namely cognitive well-being (CWB) and affective well-being (AWB).Design/methodology/approachBinary logistic regression analysis was employed on a longitudinal data set of 997 self-employed individuals taken from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) during years 2012-2013.FindingsGreater level of emotional exhaustion increases the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit. However, individuals with higher levels of affective or/and cognitive well-being are less likely to engage in the actual entrepreneurial exit behaviors.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurial exit is one of the crucial managerial decisions made by entrepreneurs. The decision to quit is not only triggered by poor firm performance but also by various psychological factors. The authors found subjective well-being as an essential mechanism promoting entrepreneurs’ overall well-being, thus recommending that entrepreneurs psychologically distance themselves from work during off times.Originality/valueFirst, the study discovered emotional exhaustion as a crucial psychological precursor of entrepreneurial exit by focusing on actual exit instances rather than intentions and strategies to exit. That contributes to understanding the psychological mechanism involved in resource gain and loss while making exit decisions. Second, affective and cognitive well-being are found to be two crucial enablers that work as a recovery process to deal with emotional exhaustion.
Introducing the BETAs: the emerging decision-makers you need to know
Authors: Mander Jason 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the behaviors and attitudes of emerging decision-makers, who we refer to as the BETAs.

Design/methodology/approach
GWI, LinkedIn B2B Institute and Light Years research.

Findings
The research findings from 17,000 professionals across 10 markets characterizes the BETA population as individuals that have: Blurred work–life boundaries, an Evolving mindset, are Tech natives but are time poor, and have raised levels of Activism.

Originality/value
Original research.
Leaving by staying: Social dispersal in giraffes
Authors: Bond Monica L. , Lee Derek E. , Ozgul Arpat , Farine Damien R. , König Barbara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Dispersal is a critical process that shapes the structure of wild animal populations. In species that form multi‐level societies, natal dispersal might be social (associating with a different social community while remaining near the natal area), spatial (moving away from the natal area while continuing to associate with the same community) or both social and spatial (associating with a different community and moving away from the natal area).

For such species, classical spatial measures of dispersal, such as distance moved, might not capture social dispersal.

We examined dispersal outcomes for 67 male and 70 female giraffe calves over 7 years in a large, unfenced, ecologically heterogeneous landscape. We tested predictions about the influence of sex, food availability, low‐ and high‐impact human settlements, and local giraffe population density on social or spatial dispersal, dispersal distance, and age of dispersal.

We found that dispersal is sex‐specific, with females being predominately philopatric. When dispersing, both sexes did so at a mean of 4 years of age. Most (69% of total) young males dispersed, with 84% of male dispersers associating with a different adult female social community than that of their mother, but one in four of these dispersers remained spatially near to their natal area. For adolescent males that dispersed socially but not spatially, overlapping female social communities may represent a potential pool of unrelated mating partners without the risks of travelling to unfamiliar areas. Just 26% of young females dispersed and half of these continued to associate with the adult female social community into which they were born, confirming the importance of maintaining ties among females from calf to adulthood. Furthermore, individuals born farther from high‐impact human settlements were more likely to spatially or socially‐and‐spatially disperse, move greater distances from their natal areas, and disperse at a younger age.

Our study highlights the potential importance of social structure in dispersal decisions, and of tracking social structure when studying dispersal in multi‐level societies, as effective dispersal can be attained without large‐scale spatial displacements.
Mineralogical Characteristics and Short‐wave Infrared Spectra of Chlorite as Indicators of Hydrothermal Centers: A Case Study of the Giant Porphyry Copper‐Molybdenum Deposit at Qulong, Tibet
Authors: TANG Nan , QIN Zhipeng , LI Yubin , DUO Ji , RAN Fengqin , DAI Jingjing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Qulong deposit in Tibet is one of the largest porphyry copper‐molybdenum deposits in China. We used short‐wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy to examine the spectral characteristics of the extensively developed chlorite in this deposit. X‐ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses were used for phase identification and to obtain the chemical composition, ion substitution relationships, and formation environment of the chlorite. SWIR spectral parameters were applied to detect the hydrothermal centers. The results indicate that the wavelength of the absorption feature for Qulong chlorite Fe‐OH (Pos2250) range from 2240 to 2268.4 nm; the chlorite substitution relationships are dominated by Mg‐Fe substitution at the octahedral sites together with AlIV‐Si substitution at the tetrahedral sites; the chlorite formation temperatures range within the medium‐low temperature hydrothermal alteration range from 164 to 281°C, with an average value of 264°C; the wavelength of the chlorite peak position for Fe‐OH (2250 nm) absorption and its chemical composition are positively correlated with AlVI, Fe + AlVI, Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe, and Fe + AlIV but negatively correlated with Mg and Mg/(Fe + Mg); and the wavelength associated with the chlorite Fe‐OH (2250 nm) absorption feature is positively correlated with the temperature at which the chlorite formed. These correlations indicate that more Fe and AlVI ions and fewer Mg ions at the octahedral sites of chlorite lead to a longer the wavelength of the chlorite Fe‐OH (2250 nm) absorption feature and a higher chlorite formation temperature. The wavelength of the Qulong chlorite Fe‐OH (2250 nm) absorption feature (>2252 nm) can thus serve as an exploration indicator to guide the detection of hydrothermal centers in porphyry copper deposits. The results of the study indicate that the mineralogical and SWIR spectral characteristics of chlorite are significant indicators for locating hydrothermal centers within porphyry deposits.
Scaling down the microbial loop: data‐driven modelling of growth interactions in a diatom–bacterium co‐culture
Authors: Daly Giulia , Perrin Elena , Viti Carlo , Fondi Marco , Adessi Alessandra 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAn intricate set of interactions characterizes marine ecosystems. One of the most important is represented by the microbial loop, which includes the exchange of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from phototrophic organisms to heterotrophic bacteria. Here, it can be used as the major carbon and energy source. This interaction is one of the foundations of the entire ocean food‐web. The carbon fixed by phytoplankton can be redirected to bacteria in two main ways; either (i) bacteria feed on dead phytoplankton cells or (ii) DOM is actively released by phytoplankton (a process resulting in up to 50% of the fixed carbon leaving the cell). Here, we have set up a co‐culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the chemoheterotrophic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 and used this system to study the interactions between these two representatives of the microbial loop. We show that the bacterium can thrive on diatom‐derived carbon and that this growth can be sustained by both diatom dead cells and diatom‐released compounds. These observations were formalized in a network of putative interactions between P. tricornutum and P. haloplanktis and implemented in a model that reproduces the observed co‐culture dynamics, revealing an overall accuracy of our hypotheses in explaining the experimental data.
The effect of patient ethnicity on the accuracy of peripheral pulse oximetry in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis: a single‐centre, retrospective analysis
Authors: Wiles M. D. , El‐Nayal A. , Elton G. , Malaj M. , Winterbottom J. , Gillies C. , Moppett I. K. , Bauchmuller K. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPulse oximetry is used widely to titrate oxygen therapy and for triage in patients who are critically ill. However, there are concerns regarding the accuracy of pulse oximetry in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis and in patients who have a greater degree of skin pigmentation. We aimed to determine the impact of patient ethnicity on the accuracy of peripheral pulse oximetry in patients who were critically ill with COVID‐19 pneumonitis by conducting a retrospective observational study comparing paired measurements of arterial oxygen saturation measured by co‐oximetry on arterial blood gas analysis (SaO2) and the corresponding peripheral oxygenation saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Bias was calculated as the mean difference between SaO2 and SpO2 measurements and limits of agreement were calculated as bias ±1.96 SD. Data from 194 patients (135 White ethnic origin, 34 Asian ethnic origin, 19 Black ethnic origin and 6 other ethnic origin) were analysed consisting of 6216 paired SaO2 and SpO2 measurements. Bias (limits of agreement) between SaO2 and SpO2 measurements was 0.05% (−2.21–2.30). Patient ethnicity did not alter this to a clinically significant degree: 0.28% (1.79–2.35), −0.33% (−2.47–2.35) and −0.75% (−3.47–1.97) for patients of White, Asian and Black ethnic origin, respectively. In patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis, SpO2 measurements showed a level of agreement with SaO2 values that was in line with previous work, and this was not affected by patient ethnicity.
Evaluation of the novel vaginal contraceptive agent PPCM in preclinical studies using sperm hyaluronan binding and acrosome status assays
Authors: North Barbara B. , Weitzel Mary B. , Waller Donald P. , Birch William X. , Feathergill Kenneth A. , Birch Lynn A. , De Jonge Christopher J. , Prins Gail S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolyphenylene carboxymethylene (PPCM) sodium salt is a promising multipurpose technology for prevention of both sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy. In preclinical studies, PPCM has demonstrated significant (1) antimicrobial activity against several important viral and bacterial pathogens and (2) contraceptive activity associated with premature acrosome loss.ObjectiveTo further evaluate a vaginal antimicrobial compound as a contraceptive agent in preclinical studies utilizing a repurposed hyaluronan binding assay (HBA).Materials and methodsSemen samples containing either neat semen or washed spermatozoa were treated with increasing concentrations of PPCM or calcium ionophore A23187 (positive control). Sperm inactivation was measured by two methods: (1) double acrosome staining (AS), and (2) a hyaluronan binding assay (HBA®). Percentage of inactivated sperm was compared between untreated control sperm and those treated with PPCM or A23187.ResultsPPCM had a significant (p < 0.05) and dose‐dependent effect on sperm inactivation in both assays, with HBA detecting a higher proportion of inactivated sperm than AS. PPCM did not affect sperm motility and exhibited equivalent responses in the neat and washed samples.DiscussionBoth HBA and AS confirmed that spermatozoa were rapidly inactivated at PPCM concentrations likely present in the vagina under actual use conditions and in a time‐frame comparable to in vivo migration of spermatozoa out of seminal plasma into cervical mucus.ConclusionPPCM vaginal gel may provide contraceptive protection as well as help with STI prevention. HBA may be a sensitive and much needed biomarker for sperm activity in future contraceptive development.
Survival and success of tooth–implant‐supported and solely implant‐supported double‐crown‐retained overdentures: A prospective study over a period of up to 11 years
Authors: Klotz Anna‐Luisa , Fobbe Hannah , Rammelsberg Peter , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Kappel Stefanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the long‐term performance, over a period of up to 11 years, of tooth–implant‐supported and solely implant‐supported double‐crown‐retained overdentures (DCRDs) for complete restoration of the jaw.Materials and methodsBetween 2002 and 2015, patients were consecutively enrolled in the study at Heidelberg University Hospital's Department of Prosthodontics. Scheduled and unscheduled visits were both documented on standardized forms. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate survival and success of the DCRDs. Mixed effects Cox regression was used to identify the potential effects of age, sex, jaw, location of implants, and the number of abutment teeth on the success of the DCRDs.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine DCRDs were placed in 126 participants (mean age: 65.6 ± 9.1 years; 76 [60.3%] men). The mean follow‐up period was 4.2 years. Fifty‐three (38%) DCRDs were solely implant‐supported (213 implants) and 86 (62%) were tooth–implant‐supported (239 teeth and 199 implants). Cumulative five‐year survival was 96.2% in the implant‐supported group and 97.7% in the tooth–implant‐supported group. Simultaneous consideration of failures and severe complications revealed cumulative five‐year success of 88.2% for implant‐supported DCRDs and 81.9% for tooth–implant‐supported DCRDs, with no significant difference between the two types of restoration. Cox regression analysis revealed a greater risk of major complications (hazard ratio: 4.87, p = .04) for maxillary DCRDs than for mandibular DCRDs.ConclusionsAlthough the study design has limitations, the results show that tooth–implant‐supported and solely implant‐supported DCRDs are both recommendable treatment options. After a mean follow‐up of 4.2 years, survival and success were high. However, minor complications were common and required much aftercare.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study started in 2005 and was approved by the local review board of the University of Heidelberg. In 2005, clinical trial registration was not yet common. For this reason, the study was not registered.