bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High‐Lift Micro‐Aerial‐Robot Powered by Low‐Voltage and Long‐Endurance Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Ren Zhijian , Kim Suhan , Ji Xiang , Zhu Weikun , Niroui Farnaz , Kong Jing , Chen Yufeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are a special class of artificial muscles that have been used to construct animal‐like soft robotic systems. However, compared with state‐of‐the‐art rigid actuators such as piezoelectric bimorphs and electromagnetic motors, most DEAs require higher driving voltages, and their power density and lifetime remain substantially lower. These limitations pose significant challenges for developing agile and powered autonomous soft robots. Here, a low‐voltage, high‐endurance, and power‐dense DEA based on novel multiple‐layering techniques and electrode‐material optimization, is reported. When operated at 400 Hz, the 143 mg DEA generates forces of 0.36 N and displacements of 1.15 mm. This DEA is incorporated into an aerial robot to demonstrate high performance. The robot achieves a high lift‐to‐weight ratio of 3.7, a low hovering voltage of 500 V, and a long lifetime that exceeds 2 million actuation cycles. With 20 s of hovering time, and position and attitude error smaller than 2.5 cm and 2°, respectively, the robot demonstrates the longest and best‐performing flight among existing sub‐gram aerial robots. This important milestone demonstrates that soft robots can outperform their state‐of‐the‐art rigid counterparts, and it provides an important step toward realizing power autonomy in soft robotic flights.
The in vitro apoptotic effect of new zinc complex possessing folic acid and phenanthroline on cervix cancer cells
Authors: Yang Liyun , Heidari Majd Mostafa , Shiri Fereshteh , Shahraki Somaye , Karimi Pouya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith proper care and nursing as well as timely diagnosis and good treatment, cervical cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer. One of the most important cancer treatments is the use of emerging developing metal–organic complexes, which can provide a wide variety of morphologies, sizes, and properties based on different metal ions and different organic ligands. Accordingly, we reported the synthesis method, structural properties, cytotoxicity, apoptotic properties, and molecular docking analysis of the new Zn(II) complex consisting of phenanthroline and folic acid ligands. FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analyzer determined that the synthesis of the complex was successful. The IC50 values (380 and 199 μM) were shown that the viability of HeLa cells was dependent on time of exposure and concentration of [Zn(Phen)FA] complex. Real‐time PCR clearly shows increased expression of apoptotic genes in cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and a possible relationship between Bak1/Bclx ratio and caspase‐3. Also, the key amino acids of folate receptor that can interact with the synthesized complex were identified by molecular docking analysis. Moreover, molecular electrostatic potential confirmed that carboxylate portion of FA is an electron‐rich region and can interact with Zn(Phen) to form a stable and soluble complex. All experiments confirmed that presence of FA could improve stability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cellular uptake of complex in cervical carcinoma HeLa cells.
Gulf fisheries supported resilience in the decade following unparalleled oiling
Authors: Swinea Savannah H. , Fodrie F. Joel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) disaster challenged the integrity of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) large‐marine ecosystem at unprecedented scales, prompting concerns of devastating injury for GOM fisheries in the post‐spill decade. Following the catastrophe, projected economic losses for regional commercial, recreational, and mariculture sectors for the decade after oiling were US$3.7–8.7 billion overall, owing to the vulnerability of economically prized, primarily nearshore taxa that support fishing communities. State and federal fisheries data during 2000–2017 indicated that GOM fishery sectors appeared to serve as remarkable anchors of resilience following the largest accidental marine oil spill in human history. Evidence of post‐disaster impacts on fisheries economies was negligible. Rather, GOM commercial sales during 2010–2017 were US$0.8–1.5 billion above forecasts derived using pre‐spill (2000–2009) trajectories, while pre‐ and post‐spill recreational fishery trends did not differ appreciably. No post‐spill shifts in target species or effort distribution across states were apparent to explain these findings. Unraveling the mechanisms for this unforeseen stability represents an important avenue for understanding the vulnerability or resilience of human–natural systems to future disturbances. Following DwH, the causes for fishery responses are likely multifaceted and complex (including exogenous economic forces that typically affect fisheries‐dependent data), but appear partially explained by the relative ecological stability of coastal fishery assemblages despite widespread oiling, which has been corroborated by multiple fishery‐independent surveys across the northern GOM. Additionally, we hypothesize that damage payments to fishermen led to acquisition or retooling of commercial fisheries infrastructure, and subsequent rises in harvest effort. Combined, these social–ecological dynamics likely aided recovery of stressed coastal GOM communities in the years after DwH, although increased fishing pressure in the post‐spill era may have consequences for future GOM ecosystem structure, function, and resilience.
Soil enzymes illustrate the effects of alder nitrogen fixation on soil carbon processes in arctic and boreal ecosystems
Authors: Heslop Calvin B. , Ruess Roger W. , Kielland Knut , Bret‐Harte M. Syndonia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs tall shrubs increase in extent and abundance in response to a changing climate, they have the potential to substantially alter Arctic and boreal ecosystem nutrient cycling and carbon (C) balance. Siberian alder (Alnus viridisssp.fruticosa), a nitrogen (N) fixing shrub, is among the species responding to climate warming in both the Arctic and boreal forests. By relieving N limitation of microbial activity, alder‐fixed N has the potential to increase decomposition of labile soil C. Simultaneously, it may also decrease decomposition of recalcitrant soil C by downregulating microbial N mining. The microbial response to N additions is influenced by differences in the soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry and could ultimately determine whether alder N additions result in a net sink or source of C to the atmosphere. We measured the activities of three extracellular enzymes in bulk organic soils under and away from alder canopies in stands differing in SOM chemistry in both the arctic and boreal forest regions of Alaska, USA. In the Arctic, samples taken from under alder had higher activities of both recalcitrant and labile C‐degrading enzymes than samples taken away, regardless of SOM chemistry. In the boreal forest, enzyme activities did not differ with alder proximity nor stand SOM chemistry, possibly due to long legacies of alder N inputs in these stands. As arctic and boreal forest ecosystems experience shifts in the distribution and abundance of this N‐fixing shrub, alders' influence on soil decomposition could have significant consequences for high latitude soil C budgets.
Spatial and temporal partitioning of mustelids in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Kupferman Caitlin A. , Crupi Anthony P. , Waits Lisette P. , Gilbert Sophie L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs species’ distributions shift in response to changing environmental conditions, novel species interactions are emerging, challenging researchers and managers alike. When new species enter existing ecological communities, their effects on fellow guild members are difficult to predict. Competition between species within the same guild can regulate populations and influence community structure, but niche partitioning is a way for sympatric species to coexist through differential use of space, time, and resources. The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a carnivore species that has recently colonized Southeast Alaska (SEAK), the northern margin of its range. Although currently considered at low density, the fisher has been expanding its distribution in SEAK in recent years and may impact the native SEAK forest carnivore guild through competitive interactions. We examined the potential for competition between fisher, American marten (Martes americana), and ermine (Mustela erminea) in SEAK during the winter of 2018 by investigating patterns of spatial and temporal overlap between the species at both local and landscape scales. Using data collected from remote‐sensed habitat features, climate characteristics, species detections from 25 systematic camera stations (50 unique cameras), and single‐species occupancy models, we found that fisher occupancy was positively correlated with vegetation height, and detection decreased with increased snow density. Using two‐species occupancy models, we found evidence of temporal, rather than spatial, avoidance patterns among the SEAK mustelid species investigated, although our inference was limited by sample size. Fisher, the largest mustelid evaluated, did not exhibit changes in occupancy or detection in the presence of marten or ermine. Likewise, detection and occupancy parameters of the mid‐sized marten and small‐sized ermine were not affected by the presence of the other mustelids. Instead, analysis of diel activity patterns showed that marten and ermine reduced temporal overlap with fisher, exhibiting less activity during times of peak fisher activity. Overall, these results show that mustelids in SEAK displayed a pattern of hierarchical temporal partitioning during winter, with smaller‐bodied mustelids avoiding larger, more dominant mustelids. However, if the fisher population continues to expand its range and abundance in SEAK, species interactions may shift and increase the potential for competition between the fisher, marten, and ermine mustelid guild.
Whisker growth in Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and applications for stable isotope studies
Authors: Attard Marie R. G. , Lewis Anna , Wroe Stephen , Hughes Channing , Rogers Tracey L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividual longitudinal records of diet, movement, and physiological state of endangered Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are needed for effective management of wild populations, yet most traditional techniques are expensive or labor‐intensive. Stable isotope analysis of inert tissue, such as vibrissae (whiskers), provides a viable and minimally invasive solution to chronologically record the foraging ecology and habitat use of individuals. Species‐specific information on whisker growth (i.e., time‐position growth of isotopic signatures), retention time, and arrangement on the face is required before the implementation of stable isotope analysis in wild populations. Here, whiskers of six captive Tasmanian devils were internally marked with 13C‐ and 15N‐labeled glycine at three‐month intervals followed by isotopic analysis of the longest whisker to provide a time stamp for whisker growth and estimate retention time. Intradermal and extradermal lengths of wild Tasmanian devil whiskers were used to assess the arrangement and relative length of whiskers on the face. We found that whiskers can record at least nine months of an animal's ecological history and that whisker growth is not linear, the growth gradually slows down as the whisker lengthens. Our findings demonstrate that sequentially sampled whiskers have the potential to track monthly and seasonal isotopic changes of an individual animal in the wild, both within its historical range and in areas to which it has recently been introduced. Such information can be used to identify temporal shifts in habitat and prey preferences within populations and help select suitable individuals for translocations. We recommend that the longest mystacial whiskers, positioned posteriorly at the third and fourth row, should be preferentially used for stable isotope studies in this species. The timeframe represented by the root of the whisker (˜3–63 d) can be used to adjust the base of cut whiskers to the correct time period.
Increasing home‐time after a first diagnosis of heart failure in Sweden, 20 years trends
Authors: Ekestubbe Sofia , Fu Michael , Giang Kok Wai , Lindgren Martin , Rosengren Annika , Schioler Linus , Schaufelberger Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThis study was performed to compare trends in home‐time for patients with heart failure (HF) between those of working age and those of retirement age in Sweden from 1992 to 2012.Methods and resultsThe National Inpatient Register (IPR) was used to identify all patients aged 18 to 84 years with a first hospitalization for HF in Sweden from 1992 to 2012. Information on date of death, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors were collected from the Swedish National Register on Cause of Death, the IPR, and the longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age: working age (<65 years) and retirement age (≥65 years). Follow‐up was 4 years. In total, following exclusions, 388 775 patients aged 18 to 84 years who were alive 1 day after discharge from a first hospitalization for HF were included in the study. The working age group comprised 62 428 (16%) patients with a median age of 58 (interquartile range, 53–62) years and 31.2% women, and the retirement age group comprised 326 347 (84%) patients with a median age of 77 (interquartile range, 73–81) years and 47.4% women. Patients of working age had more home‐time than patients of retirement age (83.8% vs. 68.2%, respectively), mainly because of their lower 4 year mortality rate (14.2% vs. 29.7%, respectively). Home‐time increased over the study period for both age groups, but the increase levelled off for older women after 2007, most likely because of less reduction in mortality in older women than in the other groups.ConclusionsThis nationwide study showed increasing home‐time over the study period except for women of retirement age and older for whom the increase stalled after 2007, mainly because of a lower mortality reduction in this group. Efforts to improve patient‐related outcome measures specifically targeted to this group may be warranted.
Integration of dynamic growth modeling and hydrodynamics in an internal‐loop split photobioreactor
Authors: Sabri Laith S , Ojha Aastha , Sultan Abbas J , Aldahhan Muthanna H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, new high‐quality experimental data for culturing green microalgae Scenedesmus in tubular and cylindrical split airlift photobioreactors were obtained under different operating conditions. The obtained experimental data of culturing microalgae Scenedesmus in a tubular photobioreactor were used for determining the kinetic parameters of the photosynthetic reaction. On the other hand, the culturing of green microalgae in a split airlift photobioreactor was used to measure the microalgae cell trajectory using an advanced radioactive particle tracking (RPT) technique. The obtained results in terms of kinetic parameters of the photosynthetic reaction and microalgae cell trajectory were integrated for the first time to obtain the three‐state dynamic growth model. This integration between dynamic growth and cell trajectories will provide a direct and comprehensive tool for photobioreactor analysis, which is essential for proper and efficient reactor design and scale‐up for large‐scale biomass production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of quinoline‐conjugated 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives as antileishmanial agents
Authors: Tapkir Sandeep R. , Patil Rajendra H. , Galave Sharad A. , Phadtare Ganesh R. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Garud Dinesh R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present work, we have synthesized novel quinoline‐conjugated 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives 6a–l starting from substituted acetanilides in five steps. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antileishmanial activity. Quinoline‐conjugated 1,2,3‐triazole compounds 6c (IC50 = 15.1 μg/ml), 6d (IC50 = 14.6 μg/ml) and 6e (IC50 = 14.3 μg/ml) displayed potent antileishmanial activity when compared with standard sodium stibogluconate (IC50 = 14.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml). A molecular docking study against Leishmania major pteridine reductase (Lm‐PTR1) suggests that these compounds have the potential to become lead molecules in antileishmanial drug discovery.
Evaluation of Settling Chamber Hydraulic Retention Time in a Sunshine Bass Biofloc Production System
Authors: Green Bartholomew W. , Ray Candis L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations that result from the high feeding rates used in biofloc technology production systems can negatively impact fish performance. Excess TSS are removed from biofloc production tanks by side-stream settling chambers. The effects on solids removal, water quality dynamics, and performance of sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis) from three settling chamber hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 18, 43, and 87 min; designated HRT18, HRT43, and HRT87, respectively) were evaluated in this 126-d study in biofloc tanks. Corresponding settling chamber flow rates were 7.2, 3.0, and 1.5 L/min, respectively, and corresponding tank turnover times were 8.3, 20.0, and 40.0 h. Upon activation of settling chambers, the TSS concentration decreased faster in the HRT87 treatment than in the other two treatments. The dry matter mass of solids discharged each time the settling chambers were drained and the total dry matter mass of solids discharged both increased linearly with HRT. Compared to the HRT43 and HRT87 treatments, nitrate-nitrogen in the HRT18 treatment accumulated about 17% more slowly and 25% less sodium bicarbonate was needed, which suggests that nitrification was impacted negatively by the elevated settling chamber flow rate. Denitrification was not detected in settling chambers given the absence of significant differences between influent and effluent dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in all treatments. Sunshine bass performed well in all treatments, with overall production averaging 4.4 kg/m3 at 81.9% survival. Although sunshine bass were grown successfully to market size in biofloc culture, future research should address higher stocking rates and settling chamber operational parameters to maintain higher TSS concentrations and promote denitrification. Thus, the results of this study suggest that a minimum settling chamber HRT of 43 min is appropriate for biofloc culture of hybrid striped bass.
Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review
Authors: Fang Huayang , Guymon C. Allan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFree radical polymerizations have been widely used for a variety of applications, including coating, packaging, adhesives, inks and dental materials. However, shrinkage stress in network systems due to volumetric shrinkage during polymerization often results in poor mechanical performance of final materials, often limiting end use. Delaying gelation during polymerization while incorporating functional structure or functionalized groups into the polymer networks may lead to significantly reduced shrinkage stress and, consequently, enhanced thermomechanical properties. In this review, we summarize several practical methods, including thiol–ene radical polymerization, addition–fragmentation chain transfer, controlled radical polymerization, covalent adaptable networks, ring‐opening polymerization and cyclopolymerization, that have shown promise in reducing volumetric shrinkage and associated stress in network‐forming systems. The resulting enhanced (thermo)mechanical material properties of these modified polymers are also introduced. These methods have proven to be powerful tools for fabricating polymers with novel functionality and properties and thereby show potential to expand application of free radical thermoset materials. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Exceptional Algebroids and Type IIB Superstrings
Authors: Bugden Mark , Hulík Ondřej , Valach Fridrich , Waldram Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this note we study exceptional algebroids, focusing on their relation to type IIB superstring theory. We show that a IIB‐exact exceptional algebroid (corresponding to the group , for ) locally has a standard form given by the exceptional tangent bundle. We derive possible twists, given by a flat ‐connection, a covariantly closed pair of 3‐forms, and a 5‐form, and comment on their physical interpretation. Using this analysis we reduce the search for Leibniz parallelisable spaces, and hence maximally supersymmetric consistent truncations, to a simple algebraic problem. We show that the exceptional algebroid perspective also gives a simple description of Poisson–Lie U‐duality without spectators and hence of generalised Yang–Baxter deformations.
Population differentiation and epidemic tracking of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China based on chromosome‐level assembly and whole‐genome sequencing data
Authors: Ding Xiaolei , Guo Yunfei , Ye Jianren , Wu Xiaoqin , Lin Sixi , Chen Fengmao , Zhu Lihua , Huang Lin , Song Xiaofeng , Zhang Yi , Dai Ling , Xi Xiaotong , Huang Jinsi , Wang Kai , Fan Ben , Li De‐Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode, kills millions of pine trees worldwide every year, and causes enormous economic and ecological losses. Despite extensive research on population variation, there is little understanding of the population‐wide variation spectrum in China.RESULTSWe sequenced an inbred B. xylophilus strain using Pacbio+Illumina+Bionano+Hi‐C and generated a chromosome‐level assembly (AH1) with six chromosomes of 77.1 Mb (chromosome N50: 12 Mb). The AH1 assembly shows very high continuity and completeness, and contains novel genes with potentially important functions compared with previous assemblies. Subsequently, we sequenced 181 strains from China and the USA and found ~7.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis shows that the B. xylophilus population in China can be divided into geographically bounded subpopulations with severe cross‐infection and potential migrations. In addition, distribution of B. xylophilus is dominated by temperature zones while geographically associated SNPs are mainly located on adaptation related GPCR gene families, suggesting the nematode has been evolving to adapt to different temperatures. A machine‐learning based epidemic tracking method has been established to predict their geographical origins, which can be applied to any other species.CONCLUSIONOur study provides the community with the first high‐quality chromosome‐level assembly which includes a comprehensive catalogue of genetic variations. It provides insights into population structure and effective tracking method for this invasive species, which facilitates future studies to address a variety of applied, genomic and evolutionary questions in B. xylophilus as well as related species.