bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIS-based analysis of anti-Asian hate speech and its socioeconomic and ideological drivers in the United States during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Chia-Yu , Chang Shao-Yun , Liu Li-Yin , Hohl Alexander 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnti-Asian racism and xenophobia surged on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, fueling discrimination and violence against Asians and Asian Americans in the United States. This study aims to understand the spatial patterns of Anti-Asian hate speech (AAHS) and identify the socioeconomic and ideological factors that may influence its emergence. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, including hotspot analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), we analyzed several socioeconomic and ideological factors to understand their impact on the spatial variability of AAHS risk levels. Our models show AAHS hotspots tend to cluster in suburban areas near the metropolitan and micropolitan regions. Our OLS model identifies three significant socioeconomic factors: the poverty level is negatively correlated with the AAHS risk level, but both high education level and diversity index demonstrate positive correlations with the AAHS risk level. The GWR model further explored local spatial patterns of how these factors influence AAHS levels. We suggest that anti-Asian sentiments may be driven by dominant groups fearing the loss of their identity and socioeconomic security. Additionally, in diverse areas, pandemic-related crises can exacerbate existing intergroup tensions, with structural inequalities further deepening divisions. Policymakers can leverage these findings to develop strategies aimed at mitigating the factors contributing to hate speech and effectively combating it. Future studies can expand on our findings to develop more robust theoretical frameworks for understanding these patterns.
Online force prediction by neural networks in single point incremental hole flanging operations
Authors: Besong Lemopi Isidore , Buhl Johannes , Bambach Markus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncremental hole flanging by industrial robots requires an accurate estimation of process forces to ensure the safe use of robots and develop tool path strategies that enable defect-free forming. Existing analytical models for force prediction in single-point incremental forming (SPIF) usually predict only the maximum process force, which is insufficient for real-time force prediction necessary for process control. This research investigates the application of neural network models for real-time prediction of the process forces in hole flanging by incremental forming. Experiments and finite element simulations (synthetic data) serve as training data to compare the performance of four time series machine learning (ML) algorithms: a nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long short-term memory (LSTM), and a hybrid CNN-LSTM neural network in predicting real-time forces. The experimental forces predicted by the NARX had a regression ($$\:{R}^{2}$$) of 0.998, while the other ML algorithms achieved $$\:{R}^{2}$$ greater than 0.75, indicating strong correlations between the predicted and measured data. All the ML algorithms trained on synthetic data achieved $$\:{R}^{2}$$ greater than 0.98. Surrogate models built by the integration of synthetic to experiment data led to a decline in the performance of the ML models compared to models composed of only experimental data. The NARX model exhibits superior performance in the investigated scenarios and can be applied to predict online process forces while minimizing experimental effort through the utilization of synthetic data.
Endometriosis in later life: an intersectional analysis from the perspective of epistemic injustice
Authors: Langmann Elisabeth , Kainradl Anna-Christina , Weßel Merle , Rokvity Alekszandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting 10% of biological women, is widely understudied and particularly overlooked in later life. Discussions surrounding endometriosis predominantly centre on medical gender bias during reproductive years, with limited attention to intersecting factors of discrimination and the impact of ageism on affected individuals. As endometriosis is framed as a disease of reproductive age, research is lacking when it comes to the effects of the illness on the older population. Symptoms in (post)menopausal individuals are frequently misattributed to other ailments due to ageist and sexist preconceptions, leading to prolonged diagnoses and mistreatment. This is a social justice issue in which age and sex contribute to the discrimination of a certain population – namely older biological women living with endometriosis. In this paper, we approach this issue from the perspective of epistemic justice. The experiences of the affected persons are shaped by a lack of knowledge about endometriosis among both the healthcare personal and the affected person, as well as a lack of acknowledgement and consideration of the persons experiences. Using the lens of epistemic justice, we develop an analytical model to understand the intersection of age and gender in the experiences of endometriosis patients. This article contributes to ongoing debates on epistemic injustice and intersectionality within medicine and healthcare, offering an analytical model that connects the critical approaches of epistemic injustice and intersectionality to address health injustice. Ultimately, this work advocates for a comprehensive, lifespan approach to endometriosis that acknowledges and addresses intersecting forms of discrimination.
The value of equal access to mandatory disclosure: evidence from the Great Postal Strike of 1970
Authors: Li Bin , Venkatachalam Mohan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow important is equal access to mandatory disclosures? We exploit the postal strike of 1970 that caused a delay in the delivery of annual reports via mail. This strike created unequal access because certain investors (e.g., institutions) had both the incentives and ability to obtain the annual reports by other means. Theory predicts that, when differential access exists, adverse selection problems intensify, causing a decline in stock trading. Our findings support this prediction: stock trading volume decreased by approximately 28% for firms unable to deliver the annual reports to shareholders during the strike, and this trading decline gradually dissipated afterward. Further tests confirm adverse selection as the primary mechanism. Overall, our paper underscores the importance of equal access to annual reports—a key mandated disclosure—and demonstrates the value of these reports to shareholders, as evidenced by their reluctance to trade absent this information.
Argumentation and Discourse of Polish Constitutional Tribunal Case-Law on Reprivatisation of Warsaw Real-Estate
Authors: Wycichowski-Kuchta Gniewomir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe paper examines the argumentation strategies of the Constitutional Tribunal’s case law on the reprivatisation of Warsaw real estate, a significant social issue in modern Poland. Following the post-war expropriation by the communist regime, legal successors of dispossessed individuals (both heirs and buyers of the claims to particular land) initiated widespread litigations to reclaim property and obtain compensation. This process led to the forceful eviction of thousands of tenants and the relocation of public institutions. This complex legal landscape lacks a comprehensive regulation for property restitution, resulting in reprivatisation cases being handled solely as court disputes without central legislation, leading to a decentralised system of reprivatisation. The Polish Constitutional Tribunal, with its unique position within the legal system, has played a crucial role in shaping the legal framework and influencing the outcomes of reprivatisation cases. The study employs an analysis of all Constitutional Tribunal judgments related to the reprivatisation of Warsaw’s real estate, highlighting the evolution of the discourse of the Constitutional Tribunal in this regard. It consists of two parts: mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) was utilised to assess how Constitutional Tribunal judges justified their decisions (what types of argument they used), and the discourse analysis method was used to analyse how they approached reprivatisation in the real-world context. This study gives insight into the arguments and reasoning that the judges used and how their framing of the legal discourse changed over 30 years.
Theories without models: uncontrolled idealizations in particle physics
Authors: Antoniou Antonis , Thébault Karim P. Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe perturbative treatment of realistic quantum field theories, such as quantum electrodynamics, requires the use of mathematical idealizations in the approximation series for scattering amplitudes. Such mathematical idealizations are necessary to derive empirically relevant models from the theory. Mathematical idealizations can be either controlled or uncontrolled, depending on whether current scientific knowledge can explain whether the effects of the idealization are negligible or not. Drawing upon negative mathematical results in asymptotic analysis (failure of Borel summability) and renormalization group theory (failure of asymptotic safety), we argue that the mathematical idealizations applied in perturbative quantum electrodynamics should be understood as uncontrolled. This, in turn, leads to the problematic conclusion that such theories do not have theoretical models in the natural understanding of this term. The existence of unquestionable empirically successful theories without theoretical models has significant implications both for our understanding of the theory-model relationship in physics and the concept of empirical adequacy.
Intermediated Co-production of Emergency Response: How Non-profit Organizations Build Trust in Citizens
Authors: Krogh Andreas Hagedorn , Lo Christian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor public organizations to harvest the benefits of co-producing emergency response, incident commanders must trust citizens to carry out hazardous tasks under immense pressure. This article examines how non-profit organizations (NPOs) serve as trust-supporting infrastructures that facilitate the co-production of emergency response operations. Reporting on a qualitative study of emergency management co-production in Denmark and Norway, it shows how NPOs provide temporary structures, procedures, and practices for registering, leading and commanding engaged citizens that enhance trust and thus sustain co-production of emergency response. Comparing intermediated co-production to organized volunteerism, however, the study also shows how intermediated co-production suffers from inherent trust limitations. Eliciting the role of NPOs as trust-building intermediaries, the study contributes with new knowledge for scholars, practitioners and policymakers involved in issues of co-production within and beyond the field of emergency management.
Sonocatalytic degradation of RB-5 dye using ZnO nanoparticles doped with transition metals
Authors: Rodríguez-Flores Tatiana , Hernández-Pérez Isaías , de la Huerta-Hernández Gloria Elena , Suárez-Parra Raúl , Haro-Pérez Catalina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, ZnO was doped and co-doped with rhodium and tungsten to assess the impact of these transition metals on the sonocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 azo dye (RB-5). Structural analysis revealed that doping ZnO with 1% Rh and W does not alter its wurtzite hexagonal structure, although minor changes in cell parameters were observed due to differences in electronic density. Interestingly, co-doping resulted in lower degradation efficiency than single doping, with W-ZnO emerging as the most effective catalyst, achieving 100% RB-5 degradation within 60 min, likely due to a higher density of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups. Moreover, a 2
k
factorial design identified optimal sonocatalytic conditions for W-ZnO, including a catalyst concentration of 0.75 g/L, a power tip of 225 W, and a hydrogen peroxide volume of 27 μL. The findings highlight the potential for doped ZnO nanoparticles in advanced oxidation processes and green chemistry applications, making this method an environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.
How Does Macrolearning Contribute to Self-Efficacy?
Authors: Rof Albert , Bikfalvi Andrea , Marques Pilar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrolearning is gaining ground in the higher education domain. Despite this trend, there is a lack of evidence of effectiveness when a large number of microlearning units are grouped to form a macrolearning programme. The purpose of this paper is to explore how and why a macrolearning affects students’ self-efficacy. The originality of this paper is its in-depth analysis of an EdTech startup named MLMaster, which has built a portfolio of several business programmes, each consisting of over one hundred microlearning units, forming macrolearning programmes. The main contribution of this paper is to uncover critical insights into how self-efficacy is built in practice, driven by two main factors: participants’ affective states, which are the positive feelings after taking part in the programme, and mastery experiences, which is the application of learning at work.
Comparison of Management and Outcomes of Hip Fractures Among Low- and High-Income Patients in Six High-Income Countries
Authors: Huang Nicole , Hatfield Laura A. , Al-Azazi Saeed , Bakx Pieter , Banerjee Amitava , Burrack Nitzan , Chen Yu-Chin , Fu Christina , Godoy Junior Carlos , Heine Renaud , Ko Dennis T. , Lix Lisa M. , Novack Victor , Pasea Laura , Qiu Feng , Ravi Bheeshma , Stukel Therese A. , Groot Carin Uyl-de , Cram Peter , Landon Bruce E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a perception that income-based disparities are present in most countries but may differ in magnitude. However, there are few international comparisons that describe income-based disparities across countries and none that focus on hip fractures.

Objective
To compare treatment patterns and outcomes of high- and low-income older adults hospitalized with hip fracture across six high-income countries.

Design
Retrospective serial cross-sectional cohort study.

Participants
Adults aged ≥ 66 years hospitalized with hip fracture from 2013 to 2019 in Canada, England, Israel, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the USA using population-representative patient-level administrative data.

Main Measures
Older adults in the top and bottom income quintiles within countries were compared on 30-day and 1-year mortality, treatment approaches, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rates, time to surgery, and discharge disposition.

Key Results
Annual age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of hip fracture were higher for low- than for high-income populations in all countries except in the USA. In all countries, adjusted 1-year mortality was lower for high-income than low-income patients, with the largest difference in Israel (− 10.0 percentage points [95% confidence interval [CI], − 15.2 to − 4.8 percentage points]). Across countries, utilization of total hip arthroplasty was 0.1 (95% CI, 0.0–0.2 percentage points) to 6.9 percentage points (95% CI, 4.6–9.2 percentage points) higher among high- vs. low-income populations. With few exceptions, LOS, adjusted 30-day readmission rate, and time to surgery were shorter and lower for high-income patients.

Conclusions
Income-based disparities in treatments and outcomes for older adults hospitalized for hip fractures differed in magnitude, but were present in all six high-income countries. Defying our expectations, the USA did not have consistently larger disparities than other countries suggesting that the impacts of poverty exist in vastly different healthcare systems and transcend geopolitical borders.
Multiple Electrodes and Cascaded Nozzles: A Review of the Evolution of Modern Plasma Spray Torches
Authors: Mauer Georg 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConventional one-cathode/anode plasma spray guns are susceptible to aging. One reason is the large power density, especially at the arc roots on the cathode tip and the anode wall. Anode wear results in a thinner boundary layer and a reduced arc root motion, which increases the local thermal load. This also results in a voltage drop, and thus a reduction in power level when the power source is operated in a constant current mode. In addition to electrode wear, the instantaneous arc morphology and the time-dependent voltage waveform are strongly correlated to each other, especially when hydrogen or nitrogen is used as secondary plasma gas. Such arc dynamics are a major phenomenon that broadens the distribution of particle in-flight characteristics. The inevitable wear of electrodes and the inherent power fluctuations were the starting point for the development of new concepts for modern plasma spray guns. Multi-electrode plasma torches were developed to improve operational stability and lifetime. They became popular due to their good stability and high-power plasma jet, even when operated with inert gases only. In this context, cascaded torch nozzles were introduced, which effectively limit the axial movements of the anodic arc attachment. Such a design includes a stack of neutrodes in front of the anode, which are electrically insulated from each other. Since the arc is more stable, the power demand is virtually constant and the treatment of the feedstock particles is more uniform than with the conventional non-cascaded torches. In this review, the mechanisms leading to electrode wear and arc fluctuations in single-cathode/anode plasma guns are explained. Some concepts of multi-electrode torches and cascaded torch nozzles are presented. Examples of experimental results obtained by diagnostic methods are also given.
High density sampling reveals the spatiotemporal characteristics of microbial communities in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Liang , Li Jinghan , Kang Da , Li Jialin , Zhang Shujun , Han Xiaoyu , Ma Bin , Peng Yongzhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInsights into the microbial communities in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical for the optimization of biological nutrient removal process. However, our understanding about the spatiotemporal characteristics of the microbial communities in WWTPs remains limited. In the present study, 264 samples were collected biweekly from four spatially independent corridors in a typical municipal WWTP. The annual compositional and metagenomic characteristics were investigated based on multiple ecological indicators using statistical tests. The results revealed that the microbial community compositions from the four corridors showed significantly high similarities, as revealed by the statistical analysis at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Consistent with the OTU level results, the functionality of the microbial communities in the four independent corridors also showed significant similarity. In comparison, the dynamics of the microbial community over the year showed two successional peaks of the microbial communities with the spatial similarity, and this resulted in three alternative stable states of the microbial communities in a calendar year. The microbial communities only drifted in July and November, suggesting an uneven community succession pattern driven by seasonal variation in environmental conditions. The functional characteristics were found to be relatively conservative compared to the microbial community succession, which revealed the decoupling between the composition and functionality of the microbial community in the municipal WWTP. The present study provides an in-depth overview of the microbial communities in a municipal WWTP and will be useful for the establishment of the connection between ecological characteristics and the operational stability of WWTPs.
Predictors of growth hormone level on postoperative day one in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Li Haixiang , Li Ziqi , Feng Tianshun , Chen Yuyang , Zhong Jiansheng , Wei Liangfeng , Wang Shousen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The growth hormone (GH) level on postoperative day one (POD1), i.e., POD1GH, holds significant value in assessing surgical efficacy and predicting long-term remission in patients with acromegaly. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the GH level of POD1 after microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (mTSS) in patients with acromegaly, providing insights for preoperative clinical decisions.

Methods
A total of 85 acromegaly patients undergoing mTSS were included in this study. Sex; age; body mass index (BMI); preoperative serum hormone levels and tumor characteristics were assessed for their correlation with POD1GH levels. POD1GH level non-remission, defined as POD1GH > 2.5 ng/mL, was considered an outcome.

Results
The patients with acromegaly were divided into two groups: adult males (43 cases) and adult females (42 cases), with mean ages of 43.33 ± 11.92 years and 47.02 ± 14.18 years, respectively. Correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed positive correlations of preoperative GH and prolactin (PRL) levels in females with POD1GH levels, while preoperative FT3 and TT levels in males were negatively correlated with POD1GH levels. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified preoperative GH levels ≥30.25 ng/mL (OR = 2.236, 95%CI = 1.402–3.567, p < 0.001), FT3 levels ≤4.415 pmol/L (OR = 0.329, 95%CI = 0.167–0.648, p < 0.001), and age ≤51 years (OR = 0.566, 95%CI = 0.352–0.911, p = 0.019) as independent risk factors for POD1GH level non-remission.

Conclusions
Preoperative GH, FT3, TT, and PRL levels are correlated with POD1GH levels, with variations observed between sex. Age, preoperative GH, and FT3 levels can predict POD1GH level non-remission. Therefore, the comprehensive consideration of multiple hormone axes is necessary for predicting postoperative efficacy.
Arithmetic properties of algebraic curves from a pseudo-characteristic polynomial of a finite potent endomorphism
Authors: Pablos Romo Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is to offer the definition and the main properties of a pseudo-characteristic polynomial of a finite potent endomorphism. From this polynomial we can characterize the spectrum of a bounded finite potent linear operator on a Hilbert space and we study arithmetic properties of complete algebraic curves. In particular, we provide a new algebraic proof of the Residue Theorem.