bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of the OX40 Agonist Ivuxolimab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancers
Authors: Diab Adi , Hamid Omid , Thompson John A. , Ros Willeke , Eskens Ferry A.L.M. , Doi Toshihiko , Hu-Lieskovan Siwen , Klempner Samuel J. , Ganguly Bishu , Fleener Catherine , Wang Xiao , Joh Tenshang , Liao Ken , Salek-Ardakani Shahram , Taylor Carrie Turich , Chou Jeffrey , El-Khoueiry Anthony B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose:Stimulation of effector T cells is an appealing immunotherapeutic approach in oncology. OX40 (CD134) is a costimulatory receptor expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Induction of OX40 following antigen recognition results in enhanced T-cell activation, proliferation, and survival, and OX40 targeting shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies. We report the monotherapy dose-escalation portion of a multicenter, phase I trial (NCT02315066) of ivuxolimab (PF-04518600), a fully human immunoglobulin G2 agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for human OX40.Patients and Methods:Adult patients (N = 52) with selected locally advanced or metastatic cancers received ivuxolimab 0.01 to 10 mg/kg. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary/exploratory endpoints included preliminary assessment of antitumor activity and biomarker analyses.Results:The most common all-causality adverse events were fatigue (46.2%), nausea (28.8%), and decreased appetite (25.0%). Of 31 treatment-related adverse events, 30 (96.8%) were grade ≤2. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Ivuxolimab exposure increased in a dose-proportionate manner from 0.3 to 10 mg/kg. Full peripheral blood target engagement occurred at ≥0.3 mg/kg. Three (5.8%) patients achieved a partial response, and disease control was achieved in 56% of patients. Increased CD4+ central memory T-cell proliferation and activation, and clonal expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood were observed at 0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg. Increased immune cell infiltrate and OX40 expression were evident in on-treatment tumor biopsies.Conclusions:Ivuxolimab was generally well tolerated with on-target immune activation at clinically relevant doses, showed preliminary antitumor activity, and may serve as a partner for combination studies.
Predictive Significance of an Optimized Panel for Basal-like Breast Cancer: Results from the Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.5 and MA.12 Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Asleh Karama , Tu Dongsheng , Gao Dongxia , Bramwell Vivien , Levine Mark N. , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Shepherd Lois E. , Nielsen Torsten O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Accurate IHC biomarkers incorporating nestin positivity or inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphate (INPP4B) loss have recently been optimized to identify the basal-like intrinsic breast cancer subtype regardless of estrogen, progesterone, or Her2 status. We examined the predictive capacity of these basal biomarkers in the CCTG MA.5 chemotherapy and MA.12 endocrine therapy trials.

Experimental Design:
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of primary tumors from patients randomized in the two trials were used to build tissue microarrays. IHC staining for nestin and INPP4B followed published methods and REMARK criteria. A prespecified statistical plan tested the hypothesis that patients with basal breast cancer (nestin+ or INPP4B−) would not benefit from anthracycline substitution in MA.5 or from tamoxifen in MA.12.

Results:
Nestin positivity or INPP4B loss was observed in 110/453 (24%) interpretable samples from MA.5 and 47/366 (13%) from MA.12, and was associated with high grade, younger age, estrogen receptor negativity, triple-negative, core basal, and PAM50 basal-like subtypes. In the MA.5 trial, patients assigned as basal experienced lower benefit from anthracycline versus nonanthracycline adjuvant chemotherapy [HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–3.10] when compared with non-basal (nestin− and INPP4B+) cases where there was a higher benefit from anthracyclines (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54–1.04; Pinteraction = 0.01). In the MA.12 trial, patients assigned as basal did not demonstrate a benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen versus placebo (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.12–1.86; P = 0.29), whereas nonbasal cases displayed significant benefit (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.98; P = 0.04), although the interaction test was not significant.

Conclusions:
The nestin/INPP4B IHC panel identifies women with basal breast cancers who benefit from nonanthracycline chemotherapy but not endocrine adjuvant treatments.
Second-generation laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to endotracheal tube in prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery: a comparative analysis of intraoperative gas exchanges
Authors: Park Sukhee , Lee Ja Eun , Choi Gyu Sung , Kim Jong Man , Ko Justin Sangwook , Choi Duck Hwan , Kim Gaab Soo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA), which is used in difficult airway maintenance conditions during emergencies, is rarely used in prolonged surgery despite its advantages over endotracheal tube (ETT). In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of intraoperative gas exchanges between second-generation LMA and ETT during prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Methods:
Prolonged surgery was defined as a surgery lasting more than 2 h. In total, 394 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection via either second-generation LMA or ETT were retrospectively analysed. The following parameters were compared between the two groups of patients: end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide (ETCO2), tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), pH and ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen (PFR) during surgery. In addition, the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including pulmonary aspiration, was compared.

Results:
The values of ETCO2, TV, RR and PIP during pneumoperitoneum were comparable between the two groups. Although PaCO2 at 2 h after induction was higher in patients in the LMA group (40.5 vs. 38.5 mmHg, P < 0.001), the pH and PFR values of the two groups were comparable. The incidence of PPC was similar.

Conclusion:
During prolonged laparoscopic abdominal surgery, second-generation LMA facilitates adequate intraoperative gas exchange and may serve as an alternative to ETT.
Enforcing Social Control in Rural Myanmar: Identifying the Implementer in the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone
Authors: Yue Ricky Wai-Kay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Pa-O National Organisation (pno) was the only pro-regime ethnic political party that managed to retain all its seats in the 2015 Myanmar election. Amid accusations of rampant land grabbing and faced strong competitions from political parties at the national, regional and local levels, how did the pno manage to secure the seats? Through quantitative analysis, the paper noted a statistically significant volatility in the turnover of village tract leaders (vtl s) in the township where resistance was strongest. This in turn suggested that the pno relied on the vtl s to enforce social control. There is a clear gap in existing literature on how social control is constructed at the local level. Applying the state-in-society theoretical framework by Migdal, this paper aims to identify the ‘implementer’ in the crucial process of social control in the Pa-O saz, thereby helping to shed light on how local politics work.
Incoming Veterinary Students’ Perspectives on Animal Welfare: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dolby Nadine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Animal welfare is an increasingly important component of veterinary medicine. While the AVMA Model Animal Welfare Curriculum is not required, there is growing research that examines veterinary students’ understanding of animal welfare and moral and ethical responsibility to animals. However, there is limited research that investigates incoming veterinary students’ perspectives on animal welfare: a significant pedagogical gap, as successful curriculum interventions take into account students’ pre-existing experiences. This study investigates this gap in the literature through a qualitative, interview-based study of twenty incoming veterinary students at an accredited veterinary college. Four themes are identified in the data: formative childhood experiences; pre-professional experiences in the field; public conversations in the media/ social media; and academic definitions memorized for admission interviews. In conclusion, I draw on the field of narrative medicine to discuss how students’ stories are important to understanding the curriculum and pedagogy of animal welfare in veterinary education.
The odd one in: re-diagnosis and phylogenetic placement of the Assam Day Gecko, Cnemaspis assamensis Das &amp; Sengupta 2000 (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: SENGUPTA SHRUTI , PURAKAYASTA JAYADITYA , ANANDAN NITESH , DAS MADHURIMA , CHAN KIN ONN , MURTHY CHANNAKESAVA 
Published: October 2021

Herein we provide new information on Cnemaspis assamensis, the only species of Cnemaspis known from north-eastern India. Based on five new samples, morphological parameters are described. The species was found to have pre-cloacal and femoral pores, not accounted for in the original description. Genetic assessment of the species was made using a 914 bp fragment of the ND2 mitochondrial gene and the species was recovered as the sister taxon of the C. podihuna clade from Sri Lanka.
Machine learning classification of significant tornadoes and hail in the U.S. using ERA5 proximity soundings
Authors: Gensini Vittorio A. , Converse Cody , Ashley Walker S. , Taszarek Mateusz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have identified environmental characteristics that skillfully discriminate between severe and significant-severe weather events, but they have largely been limited by sample size and/or population of predictor variables. Given the heightened societal impacts of significant-severe weather, this topic was revisited using over 150 000 ERA5 reanalysis-derived vertical profiles extracted at the grid-point nearest—and just prior to—tornado and hail reports during the period 1996–2019. Profiles were quality-controlled and used to calculate 84 variables. Several machine learning classification algorithms were trained, tested, and cross-validated on these data to assess skill in predicting severe or significant-severe reports for tornadoes and hail. Random forest classification outperformed all tested methods as measured by cross-validated critical success index scores and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values. In addition, random forest classification was found to be more reliable than other methods and exhibited negligible frequency bias. The top three most important random forest classification variables for tornadoes were wind speed at 500 hPa, wind speed at 850 hPa, and 0–500-m storm-relative helicity. For hail, storm-relative helicity in the 3–6 km and -10 to -30 °C layers, along with 0–6-km bulk wind shear, were found to be most important. A game theoretic approach was used to help explain the output of the random forest classifiers and establish critical feature thresholds for operational nowcasting and forecasting. A use case of spatial applicability of the random forest model is also presented, demonstrating the potential utility for operational forecasting. Overall, this research supports a growing number of weather and climate studies finding admirable skill in random forest classification applications.
Using Cultural Consensus Analysis to Measure Diversity in Social–Ecological Knowledge for Inclusive Climate Adaptation Planning
Authors: Miller Hesed Christine D. , Paolisso Michael , Van Dolah Elizabeth R. , Johnson Katherine J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate adaptation is context specific, and inclusion of diverse forms of knowledge is crucial for developing resilient social–ecological systems. Emphasis on local inclusion is increasing, yet participatory approaches often fall short of facilitating meaningful engagement of diverse forms of knowledge. A central challenge is the lack of a comprehensive and comparative understanding of the social–ecological knowledge that various stakeholders use to inform adaptation decisions. We employed cultural consensus analysis to quantitatively measure and compare social–ecological knowledge within and across three stakeholder groups: government employees, researchers, and local residents in rural coastal Maryland. The results show that 1) local residents placed more emphasis on addressing socioeconomic and cultural changes than researchers and government employees, and 2) that the greatest variation in social–ecological knowledge was found among local residents. These insights yielded by cultural consensus analysis are beneficial for facilitating more inclusive adaptation planning for resilient social–ecological systems.
The importance of perioperative and complication management in the treatment of pheochromocytoma crisis with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO): a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Jin Guangyong , Zhu Ying , Hu Wei , He Huadong , Wang Changrong , Cai Xueying 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: In this article, we aimed to elaborate on perioperative and complication management in treatment of pheochromocytoma crisis with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Material and methods: We report a case of relatively rare grant paraganglioma-induced pheochromocytoma crisis leading to severe circulatory failure, treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) as a bridge to curative adrenalectomy. Weaning of ECMO was followed by successful surgical removal of the tumor, and patient survival. However, distal ischemia of the cannulated leg occurred during ECMO operation, which eventually led to amputation. In addition, the patient developed new cerebral infarction and left hemiplegia, half a month after paraganglioma resection. Conclusions: We believe that patients with pheochromocytoma crisis, who cannot maintain blood circulation, are eligible for V-A ECMO treatment. Moreover, care should be taken to prevent thrombosis and individualized and precise blood pressure management targets. Early detection and treatment of thrombosis is imperative to long-term prognosis of patients with ECMO.
Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and emergency C-section for a pregnant COVID-19 positive patient
Authors: Quintero Alejandro , Vinck Eric E , Pérez Luz E , Escobar José J , Rendón Juan C , Uribe Juan D 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Data on extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy for pregnant patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection are limited. Here we report a case of an emergency cesarean section performed while the COVID-19 positive mother was on ECMO support. Case report: A 36-year-old COVID-19 positive patient at 26 weeks gestational age presented with respiratory failure requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Nine days later fetal distress demanded an emergency C-section. After 5 weeks on ECMO, the patient was weaned off. Both mother and child were discharged. Discussion: The decision to perform an urgent C-section is one that requires meticulous thought from the attending team. Pulmonary maturation is key as pregnancy may need to be terminated at any time during ECMO. Conclusion: Data on ECMO support for pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection are scarce. Best results can be achieved ensuring adequate anticoagulation, meticulous choice of cannulas, continued fetal monitoring, early lung maturation, and precision timing of delivery.
One-year outcome of cystoid macular degeneration in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Niroj , Lupidi Marco , Goud Abhilash , Gangakhedkar Sankeert , Cardillo Piccolino Felice , Chhablani Jay 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To study structural and functional outcomes of cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods: This retrospective study included 26 eyes having chronic CSCR with CMD who underwent either observation, photodynamic therapy (PDT), micropulse laser, or eplerenone therapy. Various optical coherence tomography parameters were analyzed at baseline and 1 year. Results: Number of eyes that maintained or gained vision after treatment was 63.1%, compared to a loss of 2.1 ± 1.1 lines in observation group. Sub-foveal large choroidal vessel responded to PDT ( p = 0.03); while CMT ( p = 0.035) and intra-retinal cystoid spaces (0.037) responded to eplerenone. Longer duration of the symptoms and round cystoid spaces were associated with a decrease in CMT ( p = 0.03) and decrease in cystoid spaces size ( p = 0.02) respectively on follow up. Conclusion: Treatment of eyes with CMD prevents further deterioration of vision. Round configuration of intra-retinal cystoid space has a better anatomical outcome.
Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Employees of Large-Scale Narcotic Crop Farms of Ethiopia: Prevalence and Risk Factors. A Self-Reported Study Using the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire
Authors: Tamene Aiggan 
Published: October 2021

Background: Occupational skin diseases are the second leading occupational disease, accounting for almost 25% of all missed workdays. Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) accounts for 70% to 90% of all skin disorders in the workplace. Only a few occupational epidemiology studies have looked into the prevalence and risk factors of occupation-induced dermatitis among narcotic crop farm workers around the world. Related studies in Ethiopia are even fewer. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Dirashe district of Southern Ethiopia from March 23 to April 12, 2021. Data was collected using a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire. The history of contact dermatitis was determined using the standardized Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire version 2002 (NOSQ-2002). A total of 578 farm laborers took part in the study, which was conducted using a systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression were used to characterize the data and identify factors associated with occupational contact dermatitis. Result: The prevalence of self-reported occupational contact dermatitis in the past 12 months among workers of large-scale Khat farms was (AOR: 67.80%, 95% CI [61.00, 76.23]). In the multivariable regression, being older (AOR: 5.51, 95% CI [1.79, 7.24]), working as a bundle binder (AOR: 5.74, 95% CI [2.12, 15.55]), not wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI [1.64, 3.81]), and having poor knowledge of pesticides use, storage, and disposal methods (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI [1.64, 3.81]) were associated with occupational contact dermatitis. Conclusion: Contact dermatitis caused by work is very common among Khat farm laborers. Measures to promote safe practices and reduce exposure to hazards, such as removing expired and/or banned chemicals, purchasing alternative pesticides that meet legislative requirements, job rotation and routine training of staff on safe practices, increasing safety signage, and performing risk assessments, as well as improving the quantity and quality of institutional protective equipment supplies may thus contribute to the enhancement of safe work practices.
Time and State Legislation Have Decreased Opioid Prescribing in Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery in the United States
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Kwon Nicholas F. , Allen Nicholas B. , Hanselman Andrew M. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: October 2021

Background Legislation in the United States has been enacted to reduce opioid overuse and abuse in the setting of the opioid epidemic, and a notable target has been opioid overprescription. However, the impact of this legislation on elective foot and ankle surgery is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of opioid-limiting legislation on opioid prescribing in elective foot and ankle surgery. Methods The 90-day perioperative opioid prescription filling in oxycodone 5-mg equivalents was identified in all patients 18 years of age and older undergoing nontrauma, nonarthroplasty foot and ankle surgery from 2010 to 2019 using a commercial database. States with and without legislation were identified, and opioid prescription filling before and after the legislation were tabulated. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of time and state legislation on perioperative opioid prescribing in this patient population. Results Initial and cumulative opioid prescribing decreased significantly from 2010 to 2019 (39 vs 35.7 initial and 98.1 vs 55.7 cumulative). States with legislation had larger and more significant reductions in initial and cumulative opioid prescribing compared with states without legislation over similar time frames (41.6 to 35.1 with legislation vs 40.6 to 39.1 without legislation initial prescription filling volume and 87.7 to 62.8 vs 88.6 to 74.1 cumulative prescription filling volume). Conclusion State legislation and time have been associated with large, clinically relevant reductions in 90-day perioperative cumulative opioid prescription filling, although reductions in initial opioid prescription filing have remained low. These results encourage states without legislation to enact restraints to reduce the opioid epidemic. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, prognostic cohort study
Seizure control does not predict hippocampal subfield volume change in children with focal drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Wagner Matthias W. , Skocic Jovanka , Widjaja Elysa 
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose Recurrent seizures have been reported to induce neuronal loss in the hippocampus. It is unclear whether seizure control influences hippocampal volume. The aims of this study were to determine if there was a change in total or subfield hippocampal volume over time in children with focal drug-resistant epilepsy, and whether seizure control influenced total or subfield hippocampal volumes. Methods Using FreeSurfer’s automated segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, we calculated the total and subfield (including CA1, CA3, CA4, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, molecular layer and dentate gyrus) hippocampal volumes of children with non-lesional focal epilepsy. Seizure frequency and hippocampal volumes were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Patients were classified into those who were seizure free or have improvement in seizures (group 1) and those with no improvement in seizures (group 2) at follow-up. Results Thirty-seven patients were included, with mean age 10.31 ± 3.68 years at baseline. The interval between the two magnetic resonance imaging scans was 2.59 ± 1.25 years. There was no significant difference in the total and subfield hippocampal volumes for the whole cohort at follow-up compared to baseline (all P > 0.002). Seizure control of the two groups did not predict total or subfield hippocampal volume, after controlling for baseline volume, age, severity of seizure frequency at baseline and time interval between the magnetic resonance imaging scans (all P > 0.002). Conclusion We have found that total and subfield hippocampal volumes did not change, and seizure control did not predict hippocampal volumes at follow-up in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.