bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the degree of homozygosity of STR-loci on the fertility of thoroughbred horses
Authors: Blohina N. , Ustiantceva A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: to study the effect of the level of homozygosity and inbreeding on the fecundity of thoroughbred mares.Materials and methods. A total of 3662 heads of breeding sows from leading stud farms of the Russian Federation were selected for the analysis. The influence of the homozygosity level on 17 microsatellite DNA loci on the main indices of reproduction of thoroughbred mares, such as the safe yield of foals and the number of fetal years, was analyzed in the article. All mares in the experimental sample had at least three years of breeding use. Individual fecundity rates and the number of homozygous loci in the STR profile were calculated for each horse.Results. The highest live foal yields (75.92%) had sows with homozygosity levels of 62.78-69.02%, and the lowest foal yields (45.73%) were recorded in mares with the highest homozygosity levels (75.28-76.92%). The maximum foal yield (65.85%) was determined in sows with an inbreeding rate of 4.1% or more, with a productive longevity of 6.26 fetal years on average. Analysis of the data showed that the level of inbreeding had almost no effect on the yield of live foals (R=0.010 at P>0.05), but had a negative correlation with the number of fruiting years (R=-0.092 at P<0.005).Conclusion. Estimation of homozygosity level of thoroughbred horses is especially relevant, as this breed has been perfected by purebred breeding method only for more than thirty years. In the thoroughbred horse breed, it is necessary to create a system of maintaining heterozygosity as well as the diversity of genotypes through the organization of breeding work.
Cryopreservation of semen of initial forms and chimeras of birds of two breeds: Sussex light and Poltava clay
Authors: Kozikova L. , Polteva E. , Kurochkin A. , Pleshanov N. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: evaluation of the quality of seed chimer and source forms before and after cryopreservation.Materials and methods. For research, the breed of Sussex chickens and Poltava clay. Using these rocks, chimeras were obtained by the method of transplantation of blastodermal cells. An assessment of the quality of sperm of the roosters was carried out under a microscope at a temperature of 42 degrees. At various times, the activity of native sperm and its concentration was determined. Cryoconservation was carried out in small granules. The defrosting of the granules was produced on a heated metal plate at a temperature of 60 ° C.Results. A comparative analysis of the volume of the ejaculate showed that Himer on average it was somewhat larger than that of the initial forms. The activity of sperms in native genital cells was sufficiently high in all studied samples, and was 80% or more. The concentration of sperm retained the same trend and practically did not differ from each other in all studied samples. The activity of frozen-fatty seed of the initial breeds and their chimer was significantly different. The maximum activity was observed in the Sussex breed and reliably below (p≤ 0.01) it has the remaining experimental groups. The activity of frozen-fatty seed turned out to be equal in chimeric organisms and Poltava clay, although Himer recipients were sussexes. It should be noted that the swing of oscillations according to the degree of activity of frozen-fatty seed in chimeric birds was significant (from 10 to 40 points), and the number of observations is small.Conclusion. The study assess the quality of seed chimer and the source forms before and after cryopreservation. It was demonstrated that after defrosting the activity of frozen-fatty seed of the initial rocks and their chimer was different.
Quality of Life Among Medical Students in Nepal: A Comparative Study
Authors: Gupta Anoop Krishna , Sharma Rakhi , Bashyal Geeta 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Medical education increases mental stress and affects the quality of life in medical students. Tough competition, academic performances, psychological distress, and unhealthy lifestyle add extra burden to the student. The study aimed to compare the quality of life among students of first and final year students.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among first and final-year students of Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) degree at National Medical College at Birgunj, Nepal. Pre-designed socio-demographic proforma along with the Kuppuswamy scale was administered to the student. Another scale used was the English version of (World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief version) WHOQoL-Bref scale.
Result: Eighty-one students participated in this study, where 54 students were from the first year and 27 students from an internship. 43.2% of them belonged to the upper socioeconomic class as per the Kuppuswamy scale. The quality of life of interns was higher and better in all domains but was statistically significant in general (0.002), psychological (0.006), environmental (0.002), and overall (0.008) domains.
Conclusion: The quality of life of medical students is lower than the general population. It is poorer for the first-year student than the final year interns.
Success Rate of Insertion and Postoperative Sore Throat: I-Gel Versus Laryngeal Mask Airway Classic
Authors: Pokhrel Prakriti , Parajuli Prastab 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Supraglottic devices are a useful advent in airway management filling a gap between the facemask and tracheal tube in terms of both anatomical position and degree of invasiveness. Laryngeal mask airway classic (LMA-C) being first of its kind and I-gel is second generation non-inflatable supraglottic device. The objective of our study was to compare the two supraglottic devices, Laryngeal mask airway classic (LMA-C) and I-gel for a success rate of insertion and postoperative sore throat.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures were studied in a prospective, randomly assigned, comparative and interventional manner. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups with forty patients in each group. I-gel and LMA-C were used in Groups 1 and 2 respectively. After achieving adequate depth of anesthesia the supraglottic device of appropriate size was inserted. The success rate of insertion of the device was represented by the number of insertion attempts. In the postoperative ward within 24 hours after surgery patient was asked whether a sore throat was present.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two supraglottic devices in terms of successful attempts of insertion (p-value 0.02).In group 1(I-gel)34 out of 40 patients had first attempt insertion success,6 patients in the second attempt, and no patient had third insertion attempt. In group 2 (LMA-C) first-time insertion success was in 14 patients, 23 patients in the second attempt, and 3 patients in the third attempt. The incidence of postoperative sore throat was higher in the LMA-C group than the I-gel group(17.5% vs 5% respectively) with a p-value of 0.154.
Conclusion: Compared to the laryngeal mask airway classic, I-gel was inserted with less number of attempts and had a lower incidence of postoperative sore throat.
Trends of Hospital Care Services During COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Province 5
Authors: Lamichhane Basant 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Health systems all around the globe have greatly been affected by the increasing demand for care of people with COVID-19. A well-prepared health system should have the capacity to maintain equitable essential health services in any pandemic or emergency. In this current scenario, this study aims to study the trends of hospital care services in one of the remote tertiary hospitals of province 5. The aim of the study was to assess the trends of various important health services along with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which data of the number of OPD cases, emergency cases, inpatients, deliveries, number of surgeries (major and minor), and the number of USG services were collected. Data of seven months prior to the onset of pandemic (August 15th, 2019 to March 15th, 2020) were compared with data of seven months following the onset of the pandemic (March 16th to October 16th, 2020) were recorded, compared, and plotted.
Results: In regard to inpatients, there was an increment of 47.57%, the number of emergency cases increment by 41.90%, and the number of delivery increments by 94.70% was detected compared to seven months’ data prior to the onset of the pandemic. On the other hand, a reduction in total OPD, total number of surgeries, and USG by 32.7 %, 13.04%, 5.26 % respectively were detected. Looking through the trend, there was a decline in the number of OPD visits, inpatient cases, and emergency cases initially for three months (March-May) following the onset of the pandemic but along with an upsurge of the COVID pandemic, there was a marked increase in these services.
Conclusions: The depiction of such trends of seeking and use of health services in resource-limited tertiary centers during this pandemic reflects the need of strengthening the overall health system. It also emphasizes the importance of the need of addressing non-COVID services during a pandemic, which was greatly affected by COVID-19.
Bow hunter syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis: illustrative case
Authors: Curry Brian P. , Ravindra Vijay M. , Boulter Jason H. , Neal Chris J. , Ikeda Daniel S. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently features degeneration and instability of the cervical spine. Rarely, this degeneration manifests as symptoms of bow hunter syndrome (BHS), a dynamic cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reviewed the literature for cases of RA associated with BHS and present a case of a man with erosive RA with intermittent syncopal episodes attributable to BHS as a result of severe extrinsic left atlantooccipital vertebral artery compression from RA-associated cranial settling. A 72-year-old man with RA-associated cervical spine disease who experienced gradual, progressive functional decline was referred to a neurosurgery clinic for evaluation. He also experienced intermittent syncopal events and vertiginous symptoms with position changes and head turning. Vascular imaging demonstrated severe left vertebral artery compression between the posterior arch of C1 and the occiput as a result of RA-associated cranial settling. He underwent left C1 hemilaminectomy and C1–4 posterior cervical fusion with subsequent resolution of his syncope and vertiginous symptoms.

LESSONS
This is an unusual case of BHS caused by cranial settling as a result of RA. RA-associated cervical spine disease may rarely present as symptoms of vascular insufficiency. Clinicians should consider the possibility, though rare, of cervical spine involvement in patients with RA experiencing symptoms consistent with vertebral basilar insufficiency.
Intradural cyst: intramedullary or extramedullary? Illustrative case
Authors: Kim Timothy , Judy Brendan , Witham Timothy 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Intradural spinal cord cysts are uncommon and generally benign. It can be difficult to determine whether the cyst is intramedullary or extramedullary on preoperative imaging, and the location of the cyst may be determined intraoperatively. This patient presented with intractable back pain associated with imbalance and was found to have a cystic lesion of the ventriculus terminalis (VT).

OBSERVATIONS
The patient was found to have a cystic lesion of the VT that was intramedullary rather than extramedullary, as initially expected based on preoperative imaging.

LESSONS
VT is a rare cystic expansion of the conus medullaris that can appear extramedullary on preoperative imaging. Intraoperatively, this lesion was found to be intramedullary and was successfully treated with fenestration.
Directions of robotics in the system of basic and additional education of children
Authors: Barakina T. V. 
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the basic concepts associated with robotics: robot, manipulative and mobile (autonomous) robots, robotics. The main directions of the implementation of robotics in the system of basic and additional education of children are considered: educational, competitive, design. The stages of the implementation of the direction of educational robotics, the approximate structure of a lesson in teaching children robotics are presented. The features of the organization of some competitions in robotics, types of tasks for tournament participants, organizational stages are described. The characteristics of the project direction in robotics, the approximate structure of the student's project are given. The importance of each of the considered directions of teaching robotics for the development of the student, its place in the system of general education and the system of additional education is indicated.All three described directions of robotics are in demand among children and parents, teachers, but, despite this, most often only competitive and creative design is implemented in the system of additional education. Unfortunately, in this case, a large number of children capable of robotics may not be identified for objective reasons, and, therefore, lost to engineering professions in the future. Thus, the modern system of basic education faces an acute task of introducing elements of educational robotics into the educational process.
Novela, folletines y novela indiana: la narrativa chilena del siglo XIX
Authors: Barraza Jara Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

Entre 1842 y 1870, la narrativa chilena presenta un paulatino proceso de desarrollo que oscila entre la novela –cuando no el cuento– y el folletín. Lastarria califica su cuento “El mendigo” (1842) como “novela histórica”. A su vez, Alberto Blest Gana luego de publicar folletines en diversos periódicos de la época toma nítida distancia de ese tipo de “novela popular (Eco, 2012) cuando en 1862 reflexiona acerca de la novela propiamente tal y al declarar –en 1864– que solo pretende ser un novelista al estilo de Balzac. No obstante, el folletín de filiación europea presentará –hacia 1870– una precisa fórmula como es la denominada “novela indiana” que critica Zorobabel Rodríguez. Por lo mismo, proponemos que en las instancias fundacionales de la narrativa nacional se anticipa la tendencia de recurrir al folletín poniendo de relieve el motivo del amor imposible que no puede superar obstáculos de diversa índole, sean ellos sentimentales, estamentales, políticos o historiográficos. Nuestra hipótesis es que en el curso de la novela chilena liberal, de sello romántico sentimental, esta estructura modélica no es ajena a la narrativa nacional, hecho que permite dar curso a la narración –entre otros– de acontecimientos propios de la conquista, la independencia y la República.
Escalamiento multidimensional (MDS) no métrico en el análisis del comportamiento del consumidor en la adquisición de productos lácteos
Authors: Bolaños Logroño Paulina Fernanda , Márquez Sañay Fernando Ricardo , Mantilla Cabrera Carmen Elena 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El estudio sobre el comportamiento del consumidor ha permitido abordar diversas técnicas multivariantes aplicadas en el área de psicología del consumidor, economía, marketing, turismo y educación, intentando explicar el comportamiento de los consumidores al elegir un determinado producto y su influencia para la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: En este sentido, el presente estudio pretende analizar el comportamiento del consumidor al comprar productos lácteos en la ciudad de Riobamba, en medio de una situación sanitaria que aborda todo el mundo. Metodología: Mediante el uso del escalamiento multidimensional (MDS) no métrico, partiendo de una matriz jerárquica relacionada con la importancia de los atributos más influyentes al momento de elegir un producto lácteo, se optimizó el análisis multidimensional a través de un algoritmo SMACOF implementado en el software libre RStudio. Resultados: En consecuencia, los resultados obtenidos permitieron distinguir 2 dimensiones, en donde la pertinencia de cada variable con el comportamiento del consumidor al momento de realizar la compra, se observa que la marca definitivamente se encuentra alejada del resto de variables, siendo el aspecto de menor importancia para el consumidor, Conclusiones: en adición se puede distinguir un grupo de factores que asocian y confirman que el sabor, la calidad y el valor nutricional son los atributos de mayor importancia, el precio es un factor que representa una importancia media al momento de realizar la compra de productos lácteos. Se demuestra que la técnica de Escalamiento Multidimensional puede ser utilizada en estudios de Marketing, sobre el comportamiento del consumidor como alternativa a otras técnicas multivariantes.
Implementation of Molecular Visualization Program for Chemistry Learning
Authors: Listyarini Risnita Vicky 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the implementation of molecular visualization programs for improving students’ understanding of concepts in chemical bonding. Chemistry learning in chemical bonding was conducted using molecular visualization program ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro program. Several topics in chemical bonding include molecular geometry, polarity, bond angle, bond length, intermolecular forces and predicting boiling points. This study employs quasi-experimental research One Group Pretest – Posttest design. The subjects of this study were 46 students of undergraduate program in chemistry education department at Universitas Sanata Dharma. This study use test (pretest and pretest) and questionnaire to assess students’ perception of implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro in chemistry learning. Implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro in chemistry learning of chemical bonding gave an effect on students’ understanding based on paired t-test (sig < 0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis (sig < 0.05) test. The percentage of students is 45% with the medium N-gain category and 65% with the high N-gain category for ACD/ChemSketch program. It is 38.46% with the medium N-gain category and 61.54% with the high N-gain category for Avogadro program. Students show positive response to the implementation of ACD/ChemSketch and Avogadro program regarding their understanding, motivation and prospective skill for becoming teachers. Molecular visualization program helps the students to understand the chemical bonding topic.
RPL19 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Promotes Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rao Benchen , Li Jianhao , Ren Tong , Yang Jing , Zhang Guizhen , Liu Liwen , Wang Haiyu , Huang Maoxin , Ren Zhigang , Yu Zujiang 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the therapeutic outcome remains undesirable due to its recurrence and metastasis. Gene dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of cancer, and the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.MethodsThe differentially expressed genes of HCC screened from the GSE39791 dataset were used to conduct weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The selected hub genes were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 11 HCC datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, a tissue microarray comprising 90 HCC specimens and 90 adjacent normal specimens was used to validate the hub genes. Moreover, the Hallmark, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to identify enriched pathways. Then, we conducted the immune infiltration analysis.ResultsA total of 17 co-expression modules were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The green, blue, and purple modules were the most relevant to HCC samples. Four hub genes, RPL19, RPL35A, RPL27A, and RPS12, were identified. Interestingly, we found that all four genes were highly expressed in HCC and that their high expression was related to a poor prognosis by analyzing the TCGA and GEO databases. Furthermore, we investigated RPL19 in HCC tissue microarrays and demonstrated that RPL19 was overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with non-tumor tissues (p = 0.016). Moreover, overexpression of RPL19 predicted a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (p &lt; 0.0007). Then, enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle pathways were significantly enriched, and bile acid metabolism-related pathways were significantly down-regulated when RPL19 was highly expressed. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis showed that immune response was suppressed.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that RPL19 may play an important role in promoting tumor progression and is correlated with a poor prognosis in HCC. RPL19 may serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for the precise diagnosis and treatment of HCC in the future.
QSOX2 Is an E2F1 Target Gene and a Novel Serum Biomarker for Monitoring Tumor Growth and Predicting Survival in Advanced NSCLC
Authors: Li Yaqi , Liu Mei , Zhang Zhuoxian , Deng Libin , Zhai ZhenYu , Liu Hua , Wang Yiting , Zhang Cheng , Xiong Jianping , Shi Chao 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundQuiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2), an enzyme that can be directly secreted into the extracellular space, is known to be associated with oxidative protein folding. However, whether QSOX2 is abnormally expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its role in tumor growth remains unclear.MethodsReal-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), bioinformatics analyses were applied to analyze the expression pattern and prognostic significance of QSOX2 in NSCLC. Xenografts model, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), western blot analysis (WB), and IHC were preformed to examine in vivo tumor suppression and intracellular and extracellular expression of QSOX2. Flow cytometry, WB and qPCR analyses were used to elucidate the role of QSOX2 in cell cycle regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) assay and Dual-Luciferase reporter assay were employed to investigate transcriptional regulation of QSOX2 by E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1).ResultsQuiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC and associated with poor survival in advanced-stage patients. The intracellular and extracellular expression of QSOX2 by tumor cells markedly decreased after anti-cancer therapy in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic. Moreover, QSOX2 silencing in NSCLC cell lines resulted in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and decreased expression of cell division-related genes (CENPF and NUSAP1) and Wnt pathway activators (PRRX2 and Nuc-β-catenin). Mechanistically, QSOX2 was expressed periodically during cell cycle and directly regulated by E2F1.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that QSOX2 is directly regulated by E2F1 in the cell cycle, which is essential for the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, QSOX2 is a prognostic indicator for NSCLC and may be developed into a biomarker for monitoring tumor burden and therapeutic progress.