bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue behaviour analysis of AISI 316-L parts obtained by machining process and additive manufacturing
Authors: Bermudo C , Trujillo F J , Martín S , Herrera M , Sevilla L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to the great technological growth, 3D printing is becoming of great relevance within the automotive, aerospace and even medicine sectors. With this manufacturing method, parts with a complex geometry can be manufacture with considerable time and material savings compared to traditional processes such as machining. However, additive manufacturing processes still have a series of unresolved problems. Present work makes a comparison between AISI 316-L samples obtained by Selective Laser Melting technique and Dry Machining. The comparison is focus in properties mainly relevant in the industrial sectors highlighted. Macro and microgeometrical deviations, such as roughness, roundness and straightness are obtained in each case study and compared. Results show that, although for the printed samples the material deposition direction plays a fundamental role, being the horizontal samples the ones with better results due to the direction of the layers, the machining process is the one with significant better results compared to the 3D printing process. After the macro and microgeometrical deviations measurements, all samples were subjected to a rotational bending fatigue test for a mechanical behaviour study. As expected, the mechanized specimens have a better fatigue behaviour due to the better surface finish, among other aspects. Between the additive manufactured specimens, the vertical is the one that presents a better behaviour due to the transverse orientation of the deposited layers.
Analysis of residual plastic deformation of blanked sheets out of automotive aluminium alloys through hardness map
Authors: Maculotti G , Bonù S , Bonù L , Cagliero R , Genta G , Marchiandi G , Galetto M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reducing overall vehicle weight is essential to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emission and to improve noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performances. The substitution with lighter alloys can involve the grand majority of vehicle components, depending on the market sector. In several applications, e.g., chassis, pulleys, and viscodampers, metal sheets are formed in several steps, each of whom work-hardens the material reducing the available residual plasticity. Typically, the process is designed via FEM, whose results are affected by the initial conditions, often neglected, and is performed on pre-processed materials from suppliers. In this regard, correctly simulating the first step of the process is critical. However, the related initial conditions, in terms of residual stress and strain induced by former preliminary operations, are often neglected. This work proposes a quick and economical experimental procedure based on a hardness map to estimate initial conditions and to validate FEM results. The procedure allows evaluating the material’s residual plasticity, which is necessary to process engineers to design following manufacturing steps. The approach is demonstrated on an industrially relevant case study, i.e., the blanking of an AA 5754, in use for water pump pulleys.
Labour productivity in mixed-model manual assembly 4.0
Authors: Miqueo A , Martín M , Torralba M , Yagüe J A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Manual assembly lines productivity is threatened by the increased complexity brought by mass customisation demand trends. Industry 4.0 offers potential solutions to address this situation, but the methodology to implement it is still a subject of study. As a preliminary step, this article aims to identify the dominant factors affecting the Key Performance Indicators of mixed-model assembly lines. To do so, parametric and discrete-events simulation models were developed, and Design of Experiments techniques were used. The results show that the key drivers for assembly line performance are number of work stations and batch size, and that increasing the work content ratio of the products assembled does not interact negatively with other factors. The results presented here pave the way for developing Industry 4.0 projects that address specifically the most relevant factors that affect assembly lines performance.
An approach for the identification of production process variables in cross-process chain production processes like battery cell production
Authors: Aichele A , Schäffer K , Sauer A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Europe is currently not competitive in battery cell production. In order to increase competitiveness, battery cell production must be made more efficient. A major factor in improving efficiency is the reduction of waste. This requires understanding the many dependencies between the production process variables within battery cell manufacturing. For clarifying these dependencies, knowledge of the variables is essential. The challenge here is to completely determine them. For this purpose, different tools and methods are applied. But, in the case of cross-process chain production processes like battery cell production, they quickly reach their limits because these tools are not suitable for the structure and properties of the respective processes. The aim of the approach presented here is to support a complete identification of all process variables of battery cell production in the best possible way.
Project portfolio risk assessment in digital transformation: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Mican C , Fernandes G , Araújo M , Ares E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigital Transformation (DT) has its own challenges and demands on organizational strategy and processes. Consequently, DT also has implications on Project Portfolio Risk Assessment (PPRA). Thus, this study is focused on identifying these implications based on a structured search and content analysis of the literature in the field, which led to the identification of eight implications for risk assessment. Then, through qualitative analysis and according to the nature of each implication identified, a set of five challenges and three opportunities were established for PPRA considering DT context. This research shows that DT not only demands new considerations for PPRA but also offers opportunities to face them, leading to improve the PPRA impact on project portfolio management decision-making process. The present study contributes to the current PPRA research by outlining a view of how PPRA can be integrated into organizational DT. The challenges and opportunities identified could be used by practitioners and scholars to research, design, and implement PPRA in DT context.
Cyber Physical Systems implementation to develop a Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Morella P , Lambán M P , Royo J A , Sánchez J C , Muñoz O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to show how the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are able to transform the actual manufacturing process. For that purpose, a case of study has been developed as an example of how to implement a CPS in a machine tool, specifically a 5-axis vertical milling machine of the Haas brand. This CPS transforms the acquisition of real-time data into worthy information for the industry. CPS implementation consists of 5 levels, which are explained and exemplified in this study. As a result of the implementation, it is shown a real-time indicator which takes part of our research. Our study concludes that CPS implementation enhance and speed up the decision-making of the companies.
First approach for the optimization and fabrication of a customizable esophageal stent prototype by 3D printing technologies
Authors: Ivorra J , Quiles L , Compañy L , Perez N J , Boronat T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The design of an esophageal stent is optimised using finite element analysis (FEM). The proposed design has been optimized in order to be manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) so that it can be easily customised to the patient. TPU is an elastomer that sometimes proposes some difficulties to be printed especially in relation to retraction, to avoid this kind of movements the stent has been specially designed to be printed in vase mode.
A case study of re-design for 3D printing: proposal to replace metallic fastening elements in an orthopedic corset with 3D printed PLA850 substitutes
Authors: Cerro A , Salinas F , Romero P E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Medicine is implementing revolutionary techniques like 3D printing in customized patient care. This enables tailor-made manufacturing with high productivity and low cost. In this work, the possibility of replacing the metal closures of an orthopedic corset using 3D printing has been studied. For the redesign, a multi-criteria decision analysis method is carried out. A design of experiments of nine specimens on the final prototype has been realized to determinate the most optimal printing parameters. The printing parameters analysed have been: infill density, infill pattern and printing speed. These specimens were subjected to a non-standardized bending test. From the experimental results, a triangular infill pattern, 100% infill density and 100 mm/s in printing speed provide the best bending strength values.
Safety efficiency value stream mapping (SEVSM) - A new tool to support the implementation of Lean Safety
Authors: Marques J P , Sá J C , Silva F J G , Pereira T , Ferreira L P , Santos G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Occupational health and safety constitutes a topic of great importance in organizations nowadays, given the social and financial implications that arise. In addition to these problems, the manufacturing industry is greatly responsible for the number of accidents at work worldwide. In parallel, organizations focus on improving processes and eradicating waste from production flows. Therefore, there is a need to develop tools which are able to combine these two factors. Metalworking industry suffers of safety problems usually due to the great weight of the parts involved, as well as the processes used. The Safety Efficiency Value Stream Mapping (SEVSM) tool was developed to address these issues with the purpose of facilitating the identification of the risk level at each workstation, which is determined through risk assessment, as well as by verifying the type of risk which causes the security breach, and then indicating the most appropriate Lean tool to be applied for risk resolution. Besides these, it is also possible to obtain a diagnosis of the production flow, enabling an analysis of the most significant production indicators. The results obtained pointed to a 38% reduction in the risk level associated to job preparation activities through the introduction of Total Productive Maintenance, as well as a 31.8% reduction in compressor assembly process time, and 49.3% in the risk level related to the latter through Standard Work.
Fused deposition modelling process environmental performance through the carbon footprint evaluation
Authors: Hernandez M E , Albajez J A , Lamban M P , Royo J , Santolaria J , Ng Corrales L C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a free-form build process in which an object is created adding multiple layers. AM process is characterized by on-demand freeform part manufacturing with multiple materials and not for big production batches. There are different types of additive technologies that are capable of building pieces in diverse materials. For this study, various types of materials were tested in a fused deposition modeling (FDM) process using a standard workpiece and the build process was simulated in CURA software. The aim is to show the variability of the energy and the CO2 equivalent emissions produced in FDM manufacturing technology depending on the material used, specimen orientation, and the production batches. Variability in the material choice and the orientation of the piece was found for the environmental performance.
Evaluation of a soft skills serious game educational methodology in an industrial branches technical training program
Authors: Mateo J , Yagüe JA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The technical training of the industrial branches sometimes shows important shortcomings of new graduates in training and practice in analytical skills, high-level critical thinking, communication skills, teamwork and understanding of engineering in business practice. Gamification, understood as the application of design elements and game principles in the context of achieving learning outcomes, acquires a remarkable dimension and relevance. In this context, this job is focused on designing, developing, and measuring the results of a training module including gamification. This module is taught in an experimental training course aimed at a group with a heterogeneous educational level whose all its members play the role of team leader in manufacturing industries. The course is promoted by the Aragon (Spain) Government, and the Aragon Automotive Cluster Association, Caar. This work carries out a methodology and results evaluation project for soft skills problem solving and conflict resolution module, through gamification. For this evaluation, a discussion is carried out on the evaluation methods of gamified training. The work allows to obtain significant results on the methodology used in relation to the heterogeneity of the group. The study draws conclusions about the design of the methodology, the validity and efficacy of the educational method, the evaluation model and the relationship between training, experience and educational results.
The teaching-learning process in specific engineering subjects through different technology-based teaching methodologies applied during the State of Alarm
Authors: López O , Álvarez F J , González A , Rodríguez D , García J , Romero F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The safety measures contemplated in Real Decreto 463/2020, of March 14, which declares the State of Alarm for the management of the health crisis situation caused by COVID-19, determine the temporary suspension of the face-to-face educational activities and establish that these will have to be developed through distance and online modalities. This fact, which conditions traditional face-to-face teaching, forced us to look for new alternatives to meet the teaching objectives. This article presents the results and qualifications obtained by the students in the application of three different teaching methodologies in the teaching of the subject Manufacturing Processes II, of the University Center of Mérida in the Degree in Engineering in Industrial Design and Product Development (GIDIDP). The main objective has been to evaluate the influence of the different methodologies on the qualification of the students and the skills acquired. In the analysis of the results, in the application of the different methodologies, no significant differences have been obtained. The students assimilated the required competencies in a satisfactory way.
Integrating BIM in Industrial Engineering programs. A new strategy model
Authors: Meana V , García R , Bello A , León I , Giganto S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The implementation of the BIM in the AEC sector, both in companies and in academic institutions, is taking place mainly through the knowledge and handling of the software that makes its implementation possible. There are several public and private initiatives that provide professionals with workshops, courses, degree programs and even master’s programmes oriented towards knowledge of the BIM methodology. These are aimed at all types of professionals, from qualified technicians to unskilled labour. In order to achieve a truly successful implementation of BIM, it is important not to focus only on the technological perspective, but to base it on the human aspects involved in the methodology. Working the skills is as important, if not the most, as using the tools. It is the attitude of the professionals that will determine a successful integration. This paper brings together research works on the state of higher education in Spain in industrial engineering programmes related to BIM and the required competencies. Educational guides and also the needs of the sector are reviewed. New roles and skills demanded are also analysed. The implementation strategies and academic barriers found when integrating BIM methodology in higher education are studied in depth. Finally, the paper presents a model proposal that includes the main lines of work to integrate BIM so that the training of future graduates will be effective for the sector.
Impact of technological facilitators in the design and artisanal production processes. The Guarda Ninhos Project - craft and design of Gonçalo’s basketry
Authors: Lemos S , Alexandre C B , Ares E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research project analyses the impact of the use of prototyping and digital manufacturing tools in the development of new products based on the theme of Gonçalo’s basketwork, in Guarda, Portugal [1]. Guarda Ninhos is an inclusive entrepreneurship project, the aim of which was to develop, produce and promote new local handicraft products. Solutions based on the socio-cultural, ecological and economic heritage of this region, knowledge immaterial heritage and expertise of their communities. Reinventing the culture of this place as a way of creating social and economic value, with the people who live there, was the followed line of action. Based on the results obtained, an attempt was made to outline forms of cooperation between this type of artisanal activities, with the most recent concepts of “industry 4.0” and industrial development methodologies - namely, (A) verifying the beneficial impact that the use of prototyping and digital fabrication tools can play in the design process of these products, optimising the development and production processes without jeopardising the premises that define the artisanal product; (B) contributing to the registration of ancestral knowledge and consolidation of artisanal processes and (C) showing how a strategic plan that aims to bring together and sustain the interdisciplinary artisan-designer relationship can be implemented.
The Gallbladder and Vermiform Appendix as Quality Assurance Indicators in Autopsy Pathology
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Williams Nathan , Vidhun Ramapriya , Stroever Stephanie , Dodge Jessica L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigate the number of autopsy reports that did or did not document the presence or absence of the gallbladder or appendix or document abdominal scars in patients following cholecystectomy or appendectomy. We also report gallbladder and appendix pathology at autopsy.

Methods
Autopsy reports from patients 18 years or older autopsied at a community teaching hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Nonabdominal autopsies were excluded. Histopathologic examination of the gallbladder and appendix was only performed if gross pathology was seen.

Results
Of the 385 autopsies studied, 48 (12.5%) had cholecystectomies, of which 6 (12.5%) did not document abdominal scars. Sixty-two (16.1%) had appendectomies, of which 12 (19.4%) did not document abdominal scars. The presence or absence of the gallbladder and appendix was not documented in 6 (1.6%) and 16 (4.2%) of reports, respectively. Pathology was seen in 87 (25.8%) gallbladders and 4 (1.2%) appendixes.

Conclusions
Absence of the gallbladder or appendix is a relatively common autopsy finding. Auditing autopsy reports for documentation of their presence or absence, along with associated abdominal scars, are potential quality assurance indicators of autopsy reports. Documentation of these elements could be improved by changing the autopsy template or using synoptic reporting.
Exploration of chemosensory ionotropic receptors in cephalopods: the IR25 gene is expressed in the olfactory organs, suckers, and fins of Sepia officinalis
Authors: Andouche Aude , Valera Stéphane , Baratte Sébastien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While they are mostly renowned for their visual capacities, cephalopods are also good at olfaction for prey, predator, and conspecific detection. The olfactory organs and olfactory cells are well described but olfactory receptors—genes and proteins—are still undescribed in cephalopods. We conducted a broad phylogenetic analysis of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family in mollusks (iGluR), especially to identify IR members (Ionotropic Receptors), a variant subfamily whose involvement in chemosensory functions has been shown in most studied protostomes. A total of 312 iGluRs sequences (including 111 IRs) from gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods were identified and annotated. One orthologue of the gene coding for the chemosensory IR25 co-receptor has been found in Sepia officinalis (Soff-IR25). We searched for Soff-IR25 expression at the cellular level by in situ hybridization in whole embryos at late stages before hatching. Expression was observed in the olfactory organs, which strongly validates the chemosensory function of this receptor in cephalopods. Soff-IR25 was also detected in the developing suckers, which suggests that the unique « taste by touch » behavior that cephalopods execute with their arms and suckers share features with olfaction. Finally, Soff-IR25 positive cells were unexpectedly found in fins, the two posterior appendages of cephalopods, mostly involved in locomotory functions. This result opens new avenues of investigation to confirm fins as additional chemosensory organs in cephalopods.
Subterranean Survivorship and Seasonal Emergence ofLaricobiusspp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Biological Control Agents for the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Authors: Foley Jeremiah R , McAvoy Thomas J , Grubb Christopher , Mayfield Albert E , Strahm Brian , Salom Scott M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing the adventive arrival, subsequent spread, and ensuing impact of Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in the eastern United States, a robust initiative was launched with the goal of decreasing ecosystem impacts from the loss of eastern hemlock (Pinales: Pinaceae). This initiative includes the use of biological control agents, including Laricobius spp. (Insecta: Coleoptera). Laboratory production of these agents is limited by subterranean mortality and early emergence. Therefore, the subterranean survivorship and timing of emergence of a mixture of Laricobius spp. was investigated. PVC traps internally lined with a sticky card and covered with a mesh screen were inserted into the soil to measure the percent emergence of adults based on the number of larvae placed within. The number of emerged adults in the field and laboratory-reared larval treatments was adjusted based on emergence numbers in the control and used as the response variable. Independent variables included in the final model were: treatment (field-collected vs. laboratory-reared), organic layer depth (cm), soil pH, and April-to-December mean soil moisture. No differences were found in survivorship between field-collected and laboratory-reared treatments. As pH and organic layer increased survivorship decreased, significantly. Although the majority of emergence occurred in the fall, emergence also occurred in spring and summer. The occurrence of spring and summer emergence and low survivorship (17.1 ± 0.4%) in the field across all treatments suggests that these are characteristics of Laricobius spp. field biology in their introduced range and not artifacts of the laboratory rearing process.