bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that are associated with the nectariless trait of Gossypium hirsutum L
Authors: Park Sang-Hyuck , Scheffler Jodi A. , Ray Jeffery D. , Scheffler Brian E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.) has nectar containing modified stomates called nectaries that can be located on leaves, bracts or calyces. The nectar attracts some beneficial insects such as bees, but also predatory damaging insects such as heliothines andLygusspecies. There is a naturally occurring mutation that eliminates the nectar containing nectaries and makes the cotton plants less attractive to insects. The nectariless (ne) trait is associated with a double recessive mutation of two genes (ne1andne2) on homeologous chromosomes 12 and 26. Expression of the trait can be variable and is also affected by environmental conditions. This makes accurately selecting for the trait based on phenotype difficult. This study identified SSR and SNP markers that can be used by breeders for marker assisted selection (MAS) of the nectariless trait. DNA markers associated with the genes conditioning the trait and used for MAS, will allow cotton cultivars to be easily developed that have decreased attractiveness to insects and reduce the need for insecticides, especially those harmful to beneficial insects such as honeybees.
Reducing Personal Emissions in Response to Collective Harm
Authors: Robertson Cassidy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change threatens humanity as a whole, making its mitigation a matter of pressing concern. Mitigation efforts at the institutional level are necessary to successfully change the course of climate change, but thus far governments and industries have been ineffective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A point of philosophical contention is whether individuals have a moral responsibility to reduce their own emissions given the lack of institutional action. I argue that they do by redefining climate change as a collective impact. Individual emitters share collective responsibility for that impact, which translates to an individual duty to reduce their contribution.
In situ drug release measuring in α-TCP cement by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Pasqual Júnio Augusto Rodrigues , Freisleben Lucas C. , Colpo Júlio Cesar , Egea Jose Ramón Jurado , dos Santos Luis Alberto Loureiro , de Sousa Vânia Caldas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of drug delivery systems is a good technique to leave the right quantity of medicine in the patient’s body in a suitable dose, because the drug application is delivered directly to the affected region. The current techniques such as HPLC and UV–Vis for the drug delivery calculation has some disadvantages, as the accuracy and the loss of the sample after characterization. With the aim of reducing the amount of material used during the characterization and have a non-destructive test with instantaneous results, the present paper shows the possibility of using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to have a drug delivery measurement during the release phenomena for a calcium phosphate cement (CFC) delivery system with gentamicin sulfate (GS) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), at a ratio of 1% and 2%, respectively. The equivalent circuit and the chemical mechanism involved during the measurements have been proposed as a tool to determine the drug delivery profile. The method has been compared with the UV–Vis technique. XRD was realized to verify conditions, before and after release. It was possible to verify the potential for using EIS as an instant technique to quantify drug delivery.
Hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite–graphene nanosheet on Ti-6Al-7Nb: mechanical and in vitro corrosion performance
Authors: Yigit Oktay , Dikici Burak , Ozdemir Niyazi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hybrid coatings containing the graphene nano-sheet (GNS) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) phases have been successfully synthesized on Ti6Al7Nb alloys by a one-step hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal reaction was carried out for 24 h at 200 °C. The GNS ratio has been altered as 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt.% in the coatings and, the results have compared with non- GNS containing coatings. The effect of the GNS ratio on the microstructure, hardness, and in vitro corrosion responses has been investigated in detail. The characterizations of the coatings were carried out by SEM, EDS, AFM, XRD and, FTIR. The corrosion behavior of the hybrid coatings was compared in Kokubo’s solution at 37 °C by using potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite phases were deposed on the graphene layers with nano-size nucleation with its Ca/P stoichiometric ratio. The best hydrophilicity (~52°) property has been obtained in nHA/3GNS coatings. In addition, the corrosion rates of coatings increased in the following order: nHA/3GNS < nHA/1GNS < nHA/7GNS < nHA/5GNS < only nHA.
Disruptions and General Distress for Essential and Nonessential Employees During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: van Zoonen Ward , ter Hoeven Claartje L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and outbreak response represent a global crisis that has affected various aspects of people’s lives, including work. Speculation is rife about the impact of the crisis on employees. Countries and organizations worldwide have categorized some work as essential and, by extension, other work as nonessential. This study aims to investigate the impact of the pandemic by examining the relationship between work disruptions (at time 1) and general distress (at time 2) through various work stressors, contrasting the experiences of employees in essential versus nonessential work. For employees with essential jobs, there is a significant indirect effect of work disruptions on general distress through hindrance stressors. This relationship is not found for employees with nonessential jobs. The general distress of these employees is more strongly affected by disruptions through social stressors (here, social isolation). Hence, this study demonstrates how general distress is affected in different ways for employees conducting essential work and those conducting nonessential work. We further highlight the importance of considering social stressors in this relationship, especially for nonessential work. Organizational change communication quality mitigates the relationship between isolation and general distress for employees with nonessential jobs, but not for those with essential jobs.
A lattice Gas Model for Generic One-Dimensional Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Schmidt J. , Schütz G. M. , van Beijeren H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a three-lane exclusion process that exhibits the same universal fluctuation pattern as generic one-dimensional Hamiltonian dynamics with short-range interactions, viz., with two sound modes in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class (with dynamical exponent $$z=3/2$$

z
=
3
/
2

and symmetric Prähofer-Spohn scaling function) and a superdiffusive heat mode with dynamical exponent $$z=5/3$$

z
=
5
/
3

and symmetric Lévy scaling function. The lattice gas model is amenable to efficient numerical simulation. Our main findings, obtained from dynamical Monte-Carlo simulation, are: (i) The frequently observed numerical asymmetry of the sound modes is a finite time effect. (ii) The mode-coupling calculation of the scale factor for the 5/3-Lévy-mode gives at least the right order of magnitude. (iii) There are significant diffusive corrections which are non-universal.
V2O3/C composite fabricated by carboxylic acid-assisted sol–gel synthesis as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zakharova G. S. , Thauer E. , Enyashin A. N. , Deeg L. F. , Zhu Q. , Klingeler R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe potential battery electrode material V2O3/C has been prepared using a sol–gel thermolysis technique, employing vanadyl hydroxide as precursor and different organic acids as both chelating agents and carbon sources. Composition and morphology of resultant materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, physical sorption, and elemental analysis. Stability and electronic properties of model composites with chemically and physically integrated carbon were studied by means of quantum-chemical calculations. All fabricated composites are hierarchically structured and consist of carbon-covered microparticles assembled of polyhedral V2O3 nanograins with intrusions of amorphous carbon at the grain boundaries. Such V2O3/C phase separation is thermodynamically favored while formation of vanadium (oxy)carbides or heavily doped V2O3 is highly unlikely. When used as anode for lithium-ion batteries, the nanocomposite V2O3/C fabricated with citric acid exhibits superior electrochemical performance with an excellent cycle stability and a specific charge capacity of 335 mAh g−1 in cycle 95 at 100 mA g−1. We also find that the used carbon source has only minor effects on the materials’ electrochemical performance.
System Reliabilism and basic beliefs: defeasible, undefeated and likely to be true
Authors: Palermos Spyridon Orestis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo avoid the problem of regress, externalists have put forward defeaters-based accounts of justification. The paper argues that existing proposals face two serious concerns: (i) They fail to accommodate related counterexamples such as Norman the clairvoyant, and, more worryingly, (ii) they fail to explain how one can be epistemically responsible in holding basic beliefs—i.e., they fail to explain how basic beliefs can avoid being arbitrary from the agent’s point of view. To solve both of these problems, a new, externalist, defeaters-based account of justification is offered—viz., System Reliabilism. The core message of the view—and the way it deals with both (i) and (ii)—is the claim that the justificatory status of justified basic beliefs originates from being the undefeated outputs of a reliable, cognitively integrated system that is capable of defeating them. Simply put, to be candidates for being justified, basic beliefs must be epistemically responsible and to be so they must be undefeated while being defeasible. The paper also offers a detailed, naturalistic analysis of the notion of cognitive integration. This long-due, mechanistic account of cognitive integration is then used to argue that an additional advantage of System Reliabilism is its unique position to account for the as yet unexplained intuition that responsible beliefs are also likely to be true.
Estimating different order polynomial logarithmic environmental Kuznets curves
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Hunt Lester C. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the environmental literature by (i) demonstrating that the estimated coefficients and the statistical significance of the non-leading terms in quadratic, cubic, and quartic logarithmic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) specifications are arbitrary and should therefore not be used to choose the preferred specification and (ii) detailing a proposed general-to-specific type methodology for choosing the appropriate specifications when attempting to estimate higher-order polynomials such as cubic and quartic logarithmic EKC relationships. Testing for the existence and shape of the well-known EKC phenomenon is a hot topic in the environmental economics literature. The conventional approach widely employs quadratic and cubic specifications and more recently also the quartic specification, where the variables are in logarithmic form. However, it is important that researchers understand whether the estimated EKC coefficients, turning points, and elasticities are statistically acceptable, economically interpretable, and comparable. In addition, it is vital that researchers have a clear structured non-arbitrary methodology for determining the preferred specification and hence shape of the estimated EKC. We therefore show mathematically and empirically the arbitrary nature of estimated non-leading coefficients in quadratic, cubic, and quartic logarithmic EKC specifications, being dependent upon the units of measurement chosen for the independent variables (e.g. dependent upon a rescaling of the variables such as moving from $m to $bn). Consequently, the practice followed in many previously papers, whereby the estimates of the non-leading terms are used in the decision to choose the preferred specification of an estimated EKC relationship, is incorrect and shouldnotbe followed since it potentially could lead to misleading conclusions. Instead, it should be based upon the sign and statistical significance of the estimated coefficients of the leading terms, the location of turning point(s), and the sign and statistical significance of the estimated elasticities. Furthermore, we suggest that researchers should follow a proposed general-to-specific type methodology for choosing the appropriate order of polynomials when attempting to estimate higher-order polynomial logarithmic EKCs.
Ficus erecta Thunb Leaves Alleviate Memory Loss Induced by Scopolamine in Mice via Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Cholinergic System
Authors: Sohn Eunjin , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Joo-Hwan , Jeong Soo-Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examined the neuropharmacological effects of ethanol extract of Ficus erecta Thunb leaves (EEFE) on cognitive dysfunction in a scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory impairment animal model. Memory impairment was measured using the Y-maze test and passive avoidance task (PAT). For 19 days, EEFE (100 or 200 mg/kg) was treated through oral administration. Treatment with EEFE ameliorated memory impairment in behavioral tests, along with significant protection from neuronal oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in the brain tissues of SCO-injected mice. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of EEFE were further confirmed using in vitro assays. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms of neuroprotection and antioxidation of EEFE are regulated by the cholinergic system, promotion of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, and the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 signaling activation. The current study proposes that EEFE could be an encouraging plant resource and serve as a potent neuropharmacological drug candidate against neurodegenerative diseases.
Exploring Attitudes About the Legality of Self-Managed Abortion in the US: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Raifman Sarah , Biggs M. Antonia , Ralph Lauren , Ehrenreich Katherine , Grossman Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Twenty-four states have at least one law in place that could be used to prosecute people for self-managed abortion (SMA), or the termination of a pregnancy outside of the formal healthcare system. We investigated factors associated with public attitudes about SMA legality and legal access to abortion more generally.

Methods
In August 2017, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of English- and Spanish-speaking women ages 18–49 years in the United States (US) using Ipsos Public Affairs’ KnowledgePanel. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression estimates identify characteristics associated with believing that SMA should not be against the law, compared to should be against the law, with weighting to account for sampling into the panel.

Results
Overall, 76% (95% CI: 74.3%-77.1%) and 59% (95% CI: 57.3%-60.4%) of participants (n = 7,022, completion rate 50%) reported that abortion and SMA, respectively, should not be against the law; 1% and 19% were unsure. Among those living in a state with at least one law that could be used to prosecute an individual for SMA, the majority (55%, 95% CI: 52.7%-57.9%) believed SMA should not be against the law. Factors associated with believing SMA should not be against the law, compared to should be against the law, included prior abortion experience and higher levels of education and income.

Conclusion
Most reproductive age women in the US believe that SMA should not be criminalized. There is more uncertainty about SMA legality than about the legality of abortion more generally.

Policy Implications
US laws that criminalize SMA are not supported by the majority of the people living in their jurisdictions.
In-Situ Annealed Ti3C2Tx MXene Based All-Solid-State Flexible Zn-Ion Hybrid Micro Supercapacitor Array with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Li La , Liu Weijia , Jiang Kai , Chen Di , Qu Fengyu , Shen Guozhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as promising energy storage owing to their high energy density compared to traditional SCs. How to realize the miniaturization, patterning, and flexibility of the Zn-ion SCs without affecting the electrochemical performances has special meanings for expanding their applications in wearable integrated electronics. Ti3C2Tx cathode with outstanding conductivity, unique lamellar structure and good mechanical flexibility has been demonstrated tremendous potential in the design of Zn-ion SCs, but achieving long cycling stability and high rate stability is still big challenges. Here, we proposed a facile laser writing approach to fabricate patterned Ti3C2Tx-based Zn-ion micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), followed by the in-situ anneal treatment of the assembled MSCs to improve the long-term stability, which exhibits 80% of the capacitance retention even after 50,000 charge/discharge cycles and superior rate stability. The influence of the cathode thickness on the electrochemical performance of the MSCs is also studied. When the thickness reaches 0.851 µm the maximum areal capacitance of 72.02 mF cm−2 at scan rate of 10 mV s−1, which is 1.77 times higher than that with a thickness of 0.329 µm (35.6 mF cm−2). Moreover, the fabricated Ti3C2Tx based Zn-ion MSCs have excellent flexibility, a digital timer can be driven by the single device even under bending state, a flexible LED displayer of “TiC” logo also can be easily lighted by the MSC arrays under twisting, crimping, and winding conditions, demonstrating the scalable fabrication and application of the fabricated MSCs in portable electronics.
Simple SIR models with Markovian control
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Bartoszek Wojciech , Krzemiński Michał 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider a random dynamical system, where the deterministic dynamics are driven by a finite-state space Markov chain. We provide a comprehensive introduction to the required mathematical apparatus and then turn to a special focus on the susceptible-infected-recovered epidemiological model with random steering. Through simulations we visualize the behaviour of the system and the effect of the high-frequency limit of the driving Markov chain. We formulate some questions and conjectures of a purely theoretical nature.
Clinical outcomes of pre-attached reinforced stapler reloads in bariatric surgery: A prospective case series
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Morales-Conde Salvador , Legrand Marc , Nienhuijs Simon , Himpens Jacques , Jiao Long R. , Facy Olivier 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Staple line reinforcement during surgery may decrease morbidity or reduce the risk of staple line leaks and bleeding. There is debate regarding the benefit, safety, and best form of reinforcement. This case series characterizes the safety of a stapler with a pre-attached buttress in bariatric surgeries.

Methods:
This prospective, multicenter, post-market study examined the use of stapler reloads with built in reinforcement material. The primary endpoint is the incidence of reported device-related adverse events up to 30 days after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgeries. Specific outcomes included bleeding (≥50 mL), leaks, and 30-day readmissions.

Outcomes:
A total of 51 patients (19 RYGB, 32 SG) were assessed after exclusion criteria were applied. Intraoperatively, no leaks or bleeding related to the staple line occurred. Four patients (8% overall, 3 RYGB, 1 SG) experienced bleeding unrelated to the staple line and staple line intervention, in these cases, was not required. Four subjects (8%, all SG) required readmission and each were attributed as unrelated to the investigational device. No unanticipated device-related events were observed. Two adverse events (bleeding) occurred post-operatively that were attributed as possibly related to the device; both were endoscopically managed.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that there were no serious safety concerns from the AEs observed related to reinforced reload use during or in the 30-day course after 51 common bariatric procedures in a multicenter setting.

Trial registration:
The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02500537). Thoracic subjects from this study are described in a separate manuscript.

Highlights
Younger Dryas to early Holocene (12.9 to 8.1 ka) limnological and hydrological change at Barley Lake, California (northern California Coast Range)
Authors: Leidelmeijer Jenifer A. , Kirby Matthew E.C. , MacDonald Glen , Carlin Joseph A. , Avila Judith , Han Jiwoo , Nauman Benjamin , Loyd Sean , Nichols Kevin , Ramezan Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPaleoperspectives of climate provide important information for understanding future climate, particularly in arid regions such as California, where water availability is uncertain from year to year. Here, we present a record from Barley Lake, California, focusing on the interval spanning the Younger Dryas (YD) to the early Holocene (EH), a period of acute and rapid global climate change. Twelve radiocarbon dates constrain the timing between 12.9 and 8.1 ka. We combine a variety of sediment analyses to infer changes in lake productivity, relative lake level, and runoff dynamics. In general, the lake is characterized by two states separated by a <200-year transition: (1) a variably deep, lower-productivity YD lake; and (2) a two-part variably shallow, higher-productivity EH lake. Inferred EH winter-precipitation runoff reveals dynamic multidecadal-to-centennial-scale variability, in agreement with the EH lake-level data. The Barley Lake archive captures both hemispheric and regional signals of climate change across the transition, suggesting a role for both ocean-atmosphere and insolation forcing. Our paleoperspective emphasizes California's sensitivity to climate change and how that change can generate abrupt shifts in limnological regimes.