bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The brain–heart interaction in epilepsy: implications for diagnosis, therapy, and SUDEP prevention
Authors: Costagliola Giorgio , Orsini Alessandro , Coll Monica , Brugada Ramon , Parisi Pasquale , Striano Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influence of the central nervous system and autonomic system on cardiac activity is being intensively studied, as it contributes to the high rate of cardiologic comorbidities observed in people with epilepsy. Indeed, neuroanatomic connections between the brain and the heart provide links that allow cardiac arrhythmias to occur in response to brain activation, have been shown to produce arrhythmia both experimentally and clinically. Moreover, seizures may induce a variety of transient cardiac effects, which include changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, arrhythmias, asystole, and other ECG abnormalities, and can trigger the development of Takotsubo syndrome. People with epilepsy are at a higher risk of death than the general population, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy‐related cause of death. Although the cause of SUDEP is still unknown, cardiac abnormalities during and between seizures could play a significant role in its pathogenesis, as highlighted by studies on animal models of SUDEP and registration of SUDEP events. Recently, genetic mutations in genes co‐expressed in the heart and brain, which may result in epilepsy and cardiac comorbidity/increased risk for SUDEP, have been described. Recognition and a better understanding of brain–heart interactions, together with new advances in sequencing techniques, may provide new insights into future novel therapies and help in the prevention of cardiac dysfunction and sudden death in epileptic individuals.
Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoresponsiveness of Eu3+ Ions‐Doped CsPbCl3 Perovskite Quantum Dots under High Pressure
Authors: Jing Xiaoling , Zhou Donglei , Sun Rui , Zhang Yu , Li Yanchun , Li Xiaodong , Li Quanjun , Song Hongwei , Liu Bingbing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered tremendous attention in optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, these perovskite QDs are plagued by pressure‐induced photoluminescence (PL) quenching, which greatly restricts their potential applications. Herein, the unique optical and electrical properties of Eu3+‐doped CsPbCl3 QDs under high pressure are reported. Intriguingly, the PL of Eu3+ ions displays an enhancement with pressure up to 10.1 GPa and still preserves a relatively high intensity at 22 GPa. The optical and structural analysis indicates that the sample experiences an isostructural phase transition at approximately 1.53 GPa, followed by an amorphous state evolution, which is simulated and confirmed through density functional theory calculations. The pressure‐induced PL enhancement of Eu3+ ions can be associated with the enhanced energy transfer rate from excitonic state to Eu3+ ions. The photoelectric performance is enhanced by compression and can be preserved upon the release of pressure, which is attributed to the decreased defect density and increased carrier mobility induced by the high pressure. This work enriches the understanding of the high‐pressure behavior of rare‐earth‐doped luminescent materials and proves that high pressure technique is a promising way to design and realize superior optoelectronic materials.
Selective Stiffening in Soft Actuators by Triggered Phase Transition of Hydrogel‐Filled Elastomers
Authors: Visentin Francesco , Murali Babu Saravana Prashanth , Meder Fabian , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNature has inspired a new generation of robots that not only imitate the behavior of natural systems but also share their adaptability to the environment and level of compliance due to the materials used to manufacture them, which are typically made of soft matter. In order to be adaptable and compliant, these robots need to be able to locally change the mechanical properties of their soft material‐based bodies according to external feedback. In this work, a soft actuator that embodies a highly controllable thermo‐responsive hydrogel and changes its stiffness on direct stimulation is proposed. At a critical temperature, this stimulation triggers the reversible transition of the hydrogel, which locally stiffens the elastomeric containment at the targeted location. By dividing the actuator into multiple sections, it is possible to control its macroscopic behavior as a function of the stiffened sections. These properties are evaluated by arranging three actuators into a gripper configuration used to grasp objects. The results clearly show that the approach can be used to develop soft actuators that can modify their mechanical properties on‐demand in order to conform to objects or to exert the required force.
Sulfophobic and Vacancy Design Enables Self‐Cleaning Electrodes for Efficient Desulfurization and Concurrent Hydrogen Evolution with Low Energy Consumption
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhou Qingwen , Shen Zihan , Jin Xin , Zhang Yuchen , Shi Man , Zhou Jian , Liu Jianguo , Lu Zhenda , Zhou Yong‐Ning , Zhang Huigang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSulfide oxidation reaction (SOR) is one central step of electrochemical desulfurization and sulfur‐based batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of desulfurization and sulfur batteries has been severely hindered by sulfur passivation. Here, a discovery of sulfophobic phenomenon of electrocatalysts having weak interaction to sulfur species is reported. A self‐cleaning NiS2 electrode is developed to avoid the long‐perplexing passivation issue of solid sulfur during the SOR. Furthermore, sulfur‐vacancies are engineered into NiS2 lattice to synthesize v‐NiS2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The resultant lattice expansion and electron redistribution can adjust the adsorbed hydrogen to reach a nearly thermos‐neutral state, enabling high catalytic activity for the HER. By coupling the HER and SOR, efficient desulfurization and simultaneous hydrogen production is demonstrated. Bifunctional NiS2 enables such a one‐stone‐kills‐two‐birds strategy to realize continuous electrochemical desulfurization with superior energy efficiency (1.05 gsulfur Wh−1). As a general design principle, sulfophobic electrocatalysts can improve the properties of lithium–sulfur batteries by minimizing the passivation of S8 during charge. In brief, interfacial interaction between electrocatalysts and sulfur species are systematically investigated and a sulfophobic strategy to significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of the SOR is offered.
A Review of Phototransistors Using Metal Oxide Semiconductors: Research Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Yoo Hyukjoon , Lee I. Sak , Jung Sujin , Rho Sung Min , Kang Byung Ha , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal oxide thin‐film transistors have been continuously researched and mass‐produced in the display industry. However, their phototransistors are still in their infancy. In particular, utilizing metal oxide semiconductors as phototransistors is difficult because of the limited light absorption wavelength range and persistent photocurrent (PPC) phenomenon. Numerous studies have attempted to improve the detectable light wavelength range and the PPC phenomenon. Here, recent studies on metal oxide phototransistors are reviewed, which have improved the range of light wavelengths and the PPC phenomenon by introducing an absorption layer of oxide or non‐oxide hybrid structure. The materials of the absorption layer applied to absorb long‐wavelength light are classified into oxides, chalcogenides, organic materials, perovskites, and nanodots. Finally, next‐generation convergence studies combined with other research fields are introduced and future research directions are detailed.
Interfacial Trap‐Assisted Triplet Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Sensitized Solid‐State Upconversion
Authors: Wang Lili , Yoo Jason J. , Lin Ting‐An , Perkinson Collin F. , Lu Yongli , Baldo Marc A. , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhoton upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) has promise for overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction solar cells by allowing the utilization of sub‐bandgap photons. Recently, bulk perovskites have been employed as sensitizers in solid‐state upconversion devices to circumvent poor exciton diffusion in previous nanocrystal (NC)‐sensitized devices. However, an in‐depth understanding of the underlying photophysics of perovskite‐sensitized triplet generation is still lacking due to the difficulty of precisely controlling interfacial properties of fully solution‐processed devices. In this study, interfacial properties of upconversion devices are adjusted by a mild surface solvent treatment, specifically altering perovskite surface properties without perturbing the bulk perovskite. Thermal evaporation of the annihilator precludes further solvent contamination. Counterintuitively, devices with more interfacial traps show brighter upconversion. Approximately an order of magnitude difference in upconversion brightness is observed across different interfacial solvent treatments. Sequential charge transfer and interfacial trap‐assisted triplet sensitization are demonstrated by comparing upconversion performance, transient photoluminescence dynamics, and magnetic field dependence of the devices. Incomplete triplet conversion from transferred charges and consequent triplet‐charge annihilation (TCA) are also observed. The observations highlight the importance of interfacial control and provide guidance for further design and optimization of upconversion devices using perovskites or other semiconductors as sensitizers.
A Microneedles Balloon Catheter for Endovascular Drug Delivery
Authors: Moussi Khalil , Haneef Ali A. , Alsiary Rawiah A. , Diallo Elhadj M. , Boone Marijn Antoine , Abu‐Araki Huda , Al‐Radi Osman O. , Kosel Jurgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisorders of the inner parts of blood vessels have been significant triggers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Different interventional methods have been employed, from complex surgeries to balloon angioplasty techniques to open the narrowed blood vessels. However, CVDs continue to be the lead cause of death in the world. Delivering a therapeutic agent directly to the inner wall of affected blood vessels can be a transformative step toward a better treatment option. To open the door for such an approach, a catheter delivery system is developed based on a conventional balloon catheter where a fluidic channel and microneedles (MNs) are integrated on top of it. This enables precise and localized delivery of therapeutics directly into vessel walls. Customizable MNs are fabricated using a high‐resolution 3D printing technique where MN's height ranges from 100 to 350 µm. The MNs penetration into a synthetic vascular model is investigated with a computerized tomography scan. Ex vivo tests on rabbit aorta confirm the MN‐upgraded balloon catheter's performance on real tissue. Delivery of fluorescent dye is accomplished by injecting it through the fluidic channel and MNs into the aortic tissue. The dye is observed at up to 180 µm of depth, confirming site‐specific endovascular delivery.
A Fully 3D‐Printed Wearable Piezoresistive Strain and Tactile Sensing Array for Robot Hand
Authors: Pei Zhen , Zhang Qiang , Yang Kun , Yuan Zhongyun , Zhang Wendong , Sang Shengbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe wide application prospects of flexible strain sensors and pressure sensors in robotic perception have led to an urgent demand for the high‐precision customized manufacturing and flexible integration of such devices. Herein, a 3D‐printed wearable strain and tactile sensing array is developed for robotic perception by integrating a flexible strain sensor and a pressure sensor with porous structures. The flexible strain sensor has a wide linear measurement range of 67.5% with a sensitivity of 2.64. Meanwhile, the flexible pressure sensor has a continuous pressure‐monitoring ability in the range of 0–1 N, and it is particularly sensitive to small pressures within 0.2 N. Both the sensors provide a stable output for the seamless sensing of different stimuli, and devices from the same batch provide highly consistent responses. By fully exploiting the flexibility of digital light‐processing 3D printing, the sensing array is customized for a robotic hand to realize the grip and finger bending perceptions of the manipulator.
Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Shaobo , Zuo Pengjian , Duan Jizhou , Hou Baorong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShifting electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via two‐electron pathway becomes increasingly crucial as an alternative/green method for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Here, the development of 2e− ORR catalysts in recent years is reviewed, in aspects of reaction mechanism exploration, types of high‐performance catalysts, factors to influence catalytic performance, and potential applications of 2e− ORR. Based on the previous theoretical and experimental studies, the underlying 2e− ORR catalytic mechanism is firstly unveiled, in aspect of reaction pathway, thermodynamic free energy diagram, limiting potential, and volcano plots. Then, various types of efficient catalysts for producing H2O2 via 2e− ORR pathway are summarized. Additionally, the catalytic active sites and factors to influence catalysts’ performance, such as electronic structure, carbon defect, functional groups (O, N, B, S, F etc.), synergistic effect, and others (pH, pore structure, steric hindrance effect, etc.) are discussed. The H2O2 electrogeneration via 2e− ORR also has various potential applications in wastewater treatment, disinfection, organics degradation, and energy storage. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in 2e− ORR catalysts for electrochemically producing H2O2 are examined. These insights may help develop highly active/selective 2e− ORR catalysts and shape the potential application of this electrochemical H2O2 producing method.
An Ultrahigh Performance Zinc‐Organic Battery using Poly(catechol) Cathode in Zn(TFSI)2‐Based Concentrated Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Patil Nagaraj , de la Cruz Carlos , Ciurduc Diana , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Palma Jesus , Marcilla Rebeca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐metal batteries (AZMBs) are predicted to be an attractive solutions for viable, high‐performance, and large‐scale energy storage applications, but their advancement is greatly hindered by the lack of adequate aqueous electrolytes and sustainable cathodes. Herein, an ultra‐robust Zn‐polymer AZMB is demonstrated using poly(catechol) redox copolymer (P(4VC86‐stat‐SS14)) as the cathode and concentrated Zn(TFSI)2 aqueous solution as stable electrolyte. The Zn(TFSI)2 electrolyte shows enhanced ion‐transport properties and confers improved (electro)chemical compatibility with superior cell performance compared to traditional ZnSO4. The assembled Zn||P(4VC86‐stat‐SS14) (2.5 mg cm−2 polymer loading) cell simultaneously delivers remarkable capacities of 324 and 98 mAh g−1 at 1 and 450 C, respectively, and extremely high cyclability with only 0.00035% capacity fading rate/cycle over 48 000 cycles at 30 C. Interestingly, this battery can also operate at extremely low temperatures (−35 °C) still maintaining good capacity values (178 mAh g−1). Moreover, 352 Wh kgpolymer−1 specific energy is attractive, while the high value of 72 Wh kgpolymer−1 at unprecedented specific power of 150 kW kgpolymer−1 is particularly intriguing. This overall performance is far superior to the state‐of‐the‐art AZMBs, making it a competitive choice for sustainable batteries without compromising performance.
Tin‐Lead Perovskite Fabricated via Ethylenediamine Interlayer Guides to the Solar Cell Efficiency of 21.74%
Authors: Kapil Gaurav , Bessho Takeru , Maekawa Takatoshi , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Zhang Yaohong , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Hirotani Daisuke , Shen Qing , Segawa Hiroshi , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) than their Pb counterparts mainly because of the higher open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss. Here, it is revealed that the p‐type surface of perovskite transforms to n‐type, based on post‐treatment by a Lewis base, ethylenediamine. This approach forms a graded band structure owing to the rise of the Fermi‐energy level at the surface of the perovskite layer, and increases the built‐in potential from 0.56 to 0.76 V, which increases the Voc by more than 100 mV. It is demonstrated that EDA can lower the defect density (Sn4+ amount) by screening perovskite against oxygen, and by bonding with undercoordinated Sn on the surface. This study further explores the role of Br anion inclusion in the perovskite lattice from the viewpoint of reducing the lattice strain and Urbach energy. Finally, a high Voc of 0.86 V is obtained, corresponding to a voltage deficit of 0.39 V, using a perovskite absorber with a bandgap of 1.25 eV and the highest PCE (21.74%) reported so far for Sn‐Pb PSCs is achieved.
Integration in export marketing channels and farms' labor force composition: Female agricultural workers in the Moroccan vegetable sector
Authors: Bignebat Céline , El Hadad‐Gauthier Fatima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Moroccan agricultural sector employs around 40% of the country's total working population. Since the early 1990s, there has been a striking increase in the proportion of female wage laborers. This article investigates the effect of the gendered composition of the agricultural wage labor force on horticultural farms. We draw on an original data set collected in 2010, comprising 240 agricultural holdings located in the region of Souss Massa. The results suggest that local labor shortages do not play a major role in explaining the ratio of female hired wage laborers. Instead, it seems that quality requirements are encouraging farm holdings to hire a female labor force. [EconLit citations: Q12, O13, J43]
Reaktionsverfolgung von Festphasensynthesen in selbstassemblierenden Monolagen mit oberflächenverstärkter Raman‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Scherrer Dominik , Vogel David , Drechsler Ute , Olziersky Antonis , Sparr Christof , Mayor Marcel , Lörtscher Emanuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanostrukturierte Oberflächen verstärken einfallende elektromagnetische Strahlung und ermöglichen dabei den Nachweis und die Charakterisierung von selbstassemblierenden Monolagen (SAM) beispielsweise mit oberflächenverstärkter Raman‐Spektroskopie (SERS). Au‐Nanoloch‐Arrays wurden für SERS‐Analytik entwickelt. Diese Arrays wurden verwendet, um die Reaktion einer Alkin‐TMS‐Entschützung und die nachfolgende CuI‐katalysierte Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloadditions‐Klick‐Reaktion zu verfolgen, die direkt auf der entsprechenden SAM durchgeführt wurden. Das SERS‐Substrat wies eine hohe Signalreproduzierbarkeit und chemische Stabilität auf. Außerdem konnten die Intermediate und das Produkt der Festphasensynthese mit SERS identifiziert werden, wenn auch zwischen den Spektren der immobilisierten Stoffe und den entsprechenden mikrokristallinen Feststoffen kleine Unterschiede feststellbar waren. Dank des hohen Übereinstimmungsgrads der SERS‐Signale und der hohen chemischen Beständigkeit des Substrates bahnt diese Plattform den Weg für die Beobachtung molekularer Manipulationen in Anwendungen der Oberflächenfunktionalisierung.
Relationship of color change to permeation of target compound in polydiacetylene vesicle system
Authors: Shin Min Jae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolydiacetylene (PDA) systems, which showed color changes due to the permeation of target molecules, were reported previously by our research group. To use the systems for controlled drug delivery systems, the relationship of the color change to the permeation time of the PDA vesicle must be characterized precisely. Therefore, this relationship was investigated and characterized in this study. Methotrexate (MTX) was used as the target compound and the detection of MTX is an important process in anticancer study. N‐(2‐aminoethyl)pentacosa‐10,12‐diynamide (AEPCDA) was used as the diacetylene surfactant. Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DOAB) was used as an assistant surfactant. The color change occurred when the mixed surfactant vesicles, with DOAB, were used. When a lower ratio of DOAB was added to the AEPCDA vesicle, the color change rate was slower than that when using the higher ratio of DOAB. The color change rate constants were estimated for several different ratios (AEPCDA:DOAB). Surfactants with different carbon numbers to DOAB were used as the assistant surfactants in this study. The results showed that the color change rate constant decreased with the increasing carbon number of the assistant surfactant. This means that the color change rate can be controlled by changing the assistant surfactant.
Influence of intra‐aortic balloon pump on mortality as a function of cardiogenic shock severity
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , van Diepen Sean , Henry Timothy D. , Baran David A. , Barsness Gregory W. , Holmes David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRandomized studies of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock (CS) have only included on patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) without stratification according to shock severity. We examined the association between IABP and mortality in CS patients across the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) shock stages.MethodsWe included cardiac intensive care unit patients admitted from 2007 to 2015 with CS from any etiology. In‐hospital mortality associated with IABP was examined in each SCAI shock stage. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to determine the association between IABP and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsWe included 934 patients, with a mean age of 68 ± 14 years; 60% had ACS. The distribution of SCAI shock stages was: B, 41%; C, 13%; D, 38%; E, 8%. In‐hospital mortality was lower in the 39% of patients who received IABP (27% vs. 43%, adjusted OR with IABP after IPTW 0.53, 95% CI 0.40–0.72, p < .0001). IABP use was associated with lower crude in‐hospital mortality in each SCAI shock stage (all p < .05, except p = .08 in SCAI shock stage E). We did not observe any significant heterogeneity in the association between IABP use and in‐hospital mortality as a function of SCAI shock stage.ConclusionsPatients with CS who were selected to receive an IABP had lower in‐hospital mortality, without differences in this effect across the SCAI shock stages. Future studies should account for the severity and etiology of shock when evaluating the efficacy of IABP for CS.
The Construction of DNA Logic Gates Restricted to Certain Live Cells Based on the Structure Programmability and Aptamer‐Cell Affinity of G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Chen Die , Yang Shu , Han Huayi , Song Lingbo , Huang Dan , Lin Xiao , Xu Xiaoping , Yang Qianfan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDNA computation is considered a fascinating alternative to silicon‐based computers; it has evoked substantial attention and made rapid advances. Besides realizing versatile functions, implementing spatiotemporal control of logic operations, especially at the cellular level, is also of great significance to the development of DNA computation. However, developing simple and efficient methods to restrict DNA logic gates performing in live cells is still a challenge. In this work, a series of DNA logic gates was designed by taking full advantage of the diversity and programmability of the G‐quadruplex (G4) structure. More importantly, by further using the high affinity and specific endocytosis of cells to aptamer G4, an INHIBIT logic gate has been realized whose operational site is precisely restricted to specific live cells. The design strategy might have great potential in the field of molecular computation and smart bio‐applications.