bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fidelity varies in the symbiosis between a gutless marine worm and its microbial consortium
Authors: Sato Yui , Wippler Juliane , Wentrup Cecilia , Ansorge Rebecca , Sadowski Miriam , Gruber-Vodicka Harald , Dubilier Nicole , Kleiner Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn obligate symbioses, partner fidelity plays a central role in maintaining the association over evolutionary time. Fidelity has been well studied in hosts with only a few symbionts, but little is known about how fidelity is maintained in obligate associations with multiple co-occurring symbionts. Here, we show that partner fidelity varies from strict to absent in a gutless marine annelid and its consortium of co-occurring symbionts that provide it with nutrition. We sequenced the metagenomes of 80Olavius algarvensisindividuals from the Mediterranean, and compared host mitochondrial and symbiont phylogenies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms across genomes, using a low-coverage sequencing approach that has not yet been applied to microbial community analyses. Fidelity was strongest for the two chemoautotrophic, sulphur-oxidizing symbionts that dominated the microbial consortium in all host individuals. In contrast, fidelity was only intermediate to absent in the sulphate-reducing and spirochaetal symbionts, which occurred in lower abundance and were not always present in all host individuals. We propose that variable degrees of fidelity are advantageous for these hosts by allowing the faithful transmission of their nutritionally most important symbionts and flexibility in the acquisition of other symbionts that promote ecological plasticity in the acquisition of environmental resources.
Development of a yeast-based vaccine forTheileria parvainfection in cattle
Authors: Goh Shan , Kolakowski Jeannine , Holder Angela , Pfuhl Mark , Ngugi Daniel , Ballingall Keith , Tombacz Kata , Werling Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEast Coast Fever (ECF), caused by the tick-borne apicomplexan parasiteTheileria parva,remains one of the most important livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa with more than 1 million cattle dying from infection every year. Disease prevention relies on the so-called “Infection and Treatment Method” (ITM), which is costly, complex, laborious, difficult to standardise on a commercial scale and results in a parasite strain specific, MHC class I restricted cytotoxic T cell response. We therefore attempted to develop a safe, affordable, stable, orally applicable and potent subunit vaccine for ECF using five differentT. parvaschizont antigens (Tp1, Tp2, Tp9, Tp10 and N36) andSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas an expression platform. Full-length native Tp2 and Tp9 as well as fragments of native Tp1 were successfully expressed on the surface ofS. cerevisiae.In vitroanalyses highlighted that recombinant yeast expressing Tp2 can elicit IFNy responses using PBMCs from ITM-animals, while Tp2 and Tp9 induced IFNy responses from enriched bovine CD8+T cells. A subsequentin vivostudy showed that oral administration of heat-inactivated, freeze-dried yeast stably expressing Tp2 increased total murine serum IgG over time, but more importantly, induce Tp2 specific serum IgG antibodies in individual mice compared to the control group. While these results will require subsequent experiments to verify induction of protection in neonatal calves, our data indicates that oral application of yeast expressing Theileria antigens could provide an affordable and easy vaccination platform for sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluation of antigen specific cellular immune responses, especially cytotoxic CD8+T cell immunity in cows will further contribute to the development of a yeast-based vaccine for ECF.
Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 are conserved effectors of multiciliated cell function
Authors: Nommick Aude , Boutin Camille , Rosnet Olivier , Bazellières Elsa , Thomé Virginie , Loiseau Etienne , Viallat Annie , Kodjabachian Laurent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCiliated epithelia perform a variety of essential functions across animal evolution, ranging from locomotion of marine organisms to mucociliary clearance of airways in mammals. These epithelia are composed of multiciliated cells (MCCs) harbouring myriads of motile cilia, which rest on modified centrioles called basal bodies (BBs), and beat coordinately to generate directed fluid flows. Thus, BB biogenesis and organization is central to MCC function. In basal eukaryotes, the coiled-coil domain proteins Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 were shown to be required for proper BB construction and function. Here, we used theXenopusembryonic ciliated epidermis to characterize Lrrcc1 and Ccdc61 in vertebrate MCCs. We found that they both encode BB components, with a prominent association to striated rootlets. Knocking down either gene caused defects in BB docking, spacing, and polarization. Moreover, their depletion impaired the apical cytoskeleton, and altered ciliary beating. Consequently, cilia-powered fluid flow was greatly reduced in morphant tadpoles, which displayed enhanced mortality when exposed to pathogenic bacteria. This work illustrates how integration across organizational scales make elementary BB components essential for the emergence of the physiological function of ciliated epithelia.
ENDORSE: a prognostic model for endocrine therapy response in advanced estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers
Authors: Nath Aritro , Cohen Adam L. , Bild Andrea H. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEndocrine therapy remains the primary treatment for advanced and metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Patients who progress on endocrine therapy may benefit from add-on treatment targeting the PI3K/MTOR signaling pathways or by switching to chemotherapy. However, these options are only available after progression on first-line treatment with endocrine therapy. In the absence of reliable prognostic tests for advanced ER+ breast cancers, it is currently not possible to stratify patients into pertinent treatment arms at the baseline. To address this, we have developed a low-dimensional endocrine response signature (ENDORSE) model for advanced ER+ breast cancers. The ENDORSE model was developed using the baseline tumor transcriptomes and long-term survival outcomes of >800 invasive ER+ breast cancers and predicts the risk of death on endocrine therapy. ENDORSE was validated in multiple clinical trial datasets for endocrine therapy response in metastatic ER+ breast cancers and demonstrated superior predictive performance over clinical factors and published gene signatures. Our results show that ENDORSE is a reproducible and accurate prognostic model for endocrine therapy response in advanced and metastatic ER+ breast cancers.
A typology of conspicuous donation on Facebook
Authors: Wallace Elaine , Buil Isabel 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to present a typology of Facebook followers of charities, drawing on theories of value co-creation, impression management and conspicuous donation behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from 234 students based in an Irish University and 296 adults in the USA were subjected to cluster analysis.

Findings
Four segments were identified, common to both samples. Quiet donors are less likely to engage with a charity on Facebook, yet they may donate to the charity. They follow a charity if it offers intrinsic meaning, and they quietly donate money. Facebook expressives mention charities on Facebook to impress others, but have low intention to donate. Following the charity on Facebook is a means to virtue signal, but it helps to spread word of mouth. Friendly donors are active on social media and engage with charities on Facebook when there is personal meaning, and they will donate. Following the charity offers them intrinsic value, and their Facebook mentions promote the charity online. Finally, dirty altruists are motivated by a desire to help, but also to impress others. They will donate, but they will ensure to highlight their good deed on Facebook, to virtue signal.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature investigating individuals’ motivations to connect with charities through social media and suggests value co-created by types of charity followers on Facebook.
Regulation of pro‐σK activation: a key checkpoint in Bacillus subtilis sporulation
Authors: Sun Gaohui , Yang Moua , Jiang Longguang , Huang Mingdong 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis initiates the sporulation process under conditions of nutrient limitation. Here, we review related work in this field, focusing on the protein processing of the pro‐σK activation. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the mechanism of pro‐σK activation and provide structural insights into the regulation of spore production. Sporulation is not only important in basic science but also provides mechanistic insight for bacterial control in applications in, e.g., food industry.
Covid‐19 and Football: Crisis Creates Opportunity
Authors: Maguire Kieran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article looks at the financial performance and position of English professional football before Covid‐19 and the impact that the pandemic has had on the industry. It analyses revenue streams in different divisions, the dependency that clubs have on them and how they have changed as a result of the pandemic. The article also reviews key costs for football clubs, the extent to which they can be reduced, different business models that operate, and possible funding sources for the sport from third parties and within the industry.
Food preferences, food neophobia and chemosensation among adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Stankovic Jelena , Hove Thomsen Per , Ovesen Therese 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIt has been suggested that adolescents diagnosed with ADHD have an unhealthier diet compared to their peers without ADHD. The association between chemosensation (smell and taste) and dietary patterns remains unknown. The aim is to investigate unhealthy food preferences and food neophobic behaviour among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Additionally, it is to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and chemosensory function.MethodsWe enrolled 36 adolescents with and without ADHD to complete a food item and a food neophobia questionnaire and to undergo chemosensory testing.ResultsAdolescents with ADHD performed significantly worse on both chemosensory tests compared to the non‐ADHD group. No difference in food preferences nor food neophobia was found between the two groups.ConclusionAdolescents with ADHD have a lower score on chemosensory tests compared to their peers, suggesting impaired chemosensory function. No differences in dietary preferences nor food neophobia were seen between the two groups.
Paediatric ischaemic stroke is a valid diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register
Authors: Walås Anna , Svensson Katarina , Gyris Maria , Bang Peter , Sundelin Heléne E. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe Swedish National Patient Register offers unique opportunities for epidemiological research of paediatric ischaemic stroke. We aimed to validate the diagnosis of paediatric ischaemic stroke in the National Patient Register to ensure the quality of future research.MethodsThe PedStroke cohort consists of 1606 individuals aged <18 years with a diagnosis of paediatric ischaemic stroke (ICD‐10: I63, I64; ICD‐8 and 9: 433, 434, 436) in Swedish national health registers between 1969 and 2016. We selected 292 cases for validation by reviewing medical charts.ResultsIn all, 277 of the 292 medical charts were received, of which 273 had enough information to qualify for review. The diagnosis was correct in 242/273 cases, yielding a positive predictive value (PPV) of 89% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–0.92) for paediatric ischaemic stroke in the National Patient Register. After validation, seven cases of 222 with childhood stroke were re‐categorised to perinatal stroke, resulting in a total of 56 perinatal stroke cases. In the Medical Birth Register, 38 stroke cases were identified of which 37 had correct diagnosis, generating a PPV of 97% (95% CI: 0.92–1.0). Incorrect diagnoses decreased over time and the number of diagnoses confirmed by radiology increased correspondingly.ConclusionThe National Patient Register is reliable for epidemiological research of paediatric ischaemic stroke because of its high PPV for this diagnosis.
Examining the role of technology‐related policy and constructivist teaching belief on English teachers’ technology acceptance: A study in Chinese universities
Authors: Huang Fang , Teo Timothy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis large scale study investigated the influences that technology‐related policies and teachers’ constructivist teaching beliefs have on their intention to use technology in Chinese universities. Data were collected from 696 English teachers working in 59 Chinese universities. Five variables (subjective norm, constructivist teaching belief, perceived importance of policy, computer self‐efficacy and voluntariness) were examined in this study. Results indicated that perceived importance of policy, constructivist teaching beliefs and subjective norm were significant antecedents of perceived usefulness. The relationship between subjective norm and teachers’ intentions to use technology was moderated by voluntariness. Besides perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use also had significantly influenced English teachers’ behavioural intention. Overall, the research model explained 69% of variance of teachers’ intentions to use technology. This study has the potential to enrich our understanding of technology acceptance in teaching by contextualising the study in the rarely researched English teaching context in Chinese universities. The findings from this study also provide suggestions for policy makers and teacher educators.
Redirecting drug repositioning to discover innovative cosmeceuticals
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Zingkou Eleni , Pampalakis Georgios 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSkin appearance is essential for self‐esteem and quality of life; consequently, skin care products represent a huge market. In particular, cosmeceuticals constitute a hybrid category of skin care formulations, at the interphase of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, rationally designed to target (patho) physiological mechanisms aiming to enhance skin health and appearance. Cosmeceuticals are marketed as anti‐ageing, anti‐wrinkle, hair regrowth, skin whitening and wound healing agents with special emphasis on scar‐free healing. An overview on recent cutting‐edge advances concerning the discovery and development of enhanced performance cosmeceuticals by drug repositioning approaches is presented here. In this context, we propose “target repositioning,” a new term, to highlight that druggable protein targets implicated in multiple diseases (hubs in the diseasome) can be exploited to accelerate the discovery of molecularly targeted cosmeceuticals that can promote skin health as an added benefit, which is a novel concept not described before. In this direction, emphasis is placed on the role of mouse models, for often untreatable skin diseases, as well as recent breakthroughs on monogenic rare skin syndromes, in promoting compound repositioning to innovative cosmeceuticals.
Experience with oral tofacitinib in severe alopecia areata with different clinical responses
Authors: Dincer Rota Didem , Emeksiz Mehmet Ali Can , Erdogan Fatma Gulru , Yildirim Dilsun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) and generalized form, universalis (AU) are common causes of noncicatricial alopecia, targeting anagen hair follicles. A dominant interferon‐gamma transcriptional signaling and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were accused as the main drivers of disease pathogenesis. Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor that has been proven to interfere with the positive feedback loop between the follicular cell and the cytotoxic T lymphocytes in AA. There is an increasing number of studies reporting success with tofacitinib in AA.AimsWe aimed to assess oral tofacitinib's safety and efficacy in 13 recalcitrant AA and AU patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective pilot study performed between 2017 and 2020. The demographic features and the treatment responses were evaluated with Severity of Alopecia Tool score changes.ResultsThirteen recalcitrant alopecia areata patients (3 AA, 10 AU), aged between 17 and 49, were included in the study. The treatment duration was 3‐15 months. All three AA patients responded well; however, the therapy was unsuccessful in five of ten AU patients. Relapse was observed in one of the AA and three of the AU responders. Acneiform lesions and elevation of transaminases were the major side effects.ConclusionTofacitinib seems to be more promising and thriving in the treatment of AA than AU. Starting the therapy earlier can bring more successful results. Unfortunately, even in the cases that fully respond to treatment, relapse can be observed after discontinuation of the treatment. It is essential to inform patients about this situation in reducing the frustrations that may occur later.
Determinants of caregiving burden among informal caregivers of adult care recipients with chronic illness
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Ana‐María , Rodríguez‐Míguez Eva , Claveria Ana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study examined the predictors of caregiver burden based on patient and caregiver characteristics in a sample of Spanish caregivers looking after adult patients with chronic disease. The effect of task type and patient–caregiver interaction is also analysed.BackgroundSpecific predictors of caregiver burden have been widely examined in the literature. Few studies, however, jointly analyse a wide range of factors, including the effect of task type and patient–caregiver interaction.DesignCorrelational study.MethodsOne hundred and thirty five informal caregivers for 148 care recipients were recruited from primary health care centres. The caregivers responded to the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the DEPendency index‐6 Dimensions (DEP‐6D), and reported how long they spent on caregiving on a daily basis. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were also recorded. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with ZBI scores and the likelihood of being severely burdened, respectively. This research complies with STROBE guidelines for observational studies.ResultsSevere burden was present in 62% of the caregivers. Regression analysis shows that burden severity increases significantly with the level of dependence when the latter is measured either by DEP‐6D or by time spent on basic activities. Care related to incontinence and mobility has the greatest effect on burden, which is aggravated when the patient has behavioural problems. Poor caregiver health or not being retired also contributes to burden levels.ConclusionsThese results establish that caregiver burden is related to characteristics of both the caregiver and the care recipient as well as to their interaction.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings indicate that the socio‐sanitary attention focused on reducing caregiver burden must address the caregiver and patient as a dyad. Identifying the dependence level and the patient's aggressive behaviour can be a good predictor of caregiver burden.
Mortality is not increased in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected persons with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Butt Adeel A. , Yan Peng , Chotani Rashid A. , Shaikh Obaid S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundImpact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection upon hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unknown.MethodsWe used the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV infected Veterans (ERCHIVES) database to determine the impact of HCV infection upon the rates of acute care hospitalization, ICU admission and all‐cause mortality. We identified Veterans with chronic HCV infection and propensity score matched controls without HCV in ERCHIVES. We excluded those with HIV or hepatitis B virus coinfection.ResultsWe identified 975 HCV+ and 975 propensity score matched HCV− persons with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Mean FIB‐4 score (±SD) was higher in those with HCV (1.9 ± 2.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.9; P < .0001) and a larger proportion of those with HCV had cirrhosis (8.1% vs 1.4%; P < .0001). A larger proportion of HCV+ were hospitalized compared to HCV‐ (24.0% vs 18.3%; P = .002); however, those requiring ICU care and mortality were also similar in both groups (6.6% vs 6.5%; P = .9). Among those with FIB‐4 score of 1.45‐3.25, hospitalization rate/1000‐person‐years was 41.4 among HCV+ and 20.2 among HCV−, while among those with a FIB‐4 > 3.25, the rate‐ was 9.4 and 0.6 (P < .0001). There was no difference in all‐cause mortality by age, gender, FIB‐4 score, number of comorbidities or treatment with remdesivir and/or systemic corticosteroids.ConclusionsHCV+ persons with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are more likely to be admitted to a hospital. The hospitalization rate also increased with higher FIB‐4 score. However, admission to an ICU and mortality are not different between those with and without HCV infection.
Is Investment in Data Analytics Always Profitable? The Case of Third‐Party‐Online‐Promotion Marketplace
Authors: Zhang Zhe (James) , Shivendu Shivendu , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2021

Studies show that merchants are heterogeneous in profitability from offering promotions on third‐party‐online‐promotion marketplaces who often charge a single commission rate. Using a data analytics system, a marketplace can classify merchants according to their heterogeneous characteristics and offer merchant‐type specific commission rates. In this study, we construct a game‐theoretic model consisting a marketplace with two types of merchants who have heterogeneous proportion of consumers who are informed about their offering. The types are merchants’ private information, but the marketplace can invest in data analytics capability to classify merchants as per their types with a probability. We study a signal‐based strategy, where the marketplace invests in data analytics capability and offers a specific commission rate to individual merchant based on the merchant‐type classification and compare it with a single‐rate strategy of offering one commission rate to all merchants. We show that the relative strength and weakness of the signal‐based strategy depend on the merchant type distribution and the investment cost of improving the classification accuracy rate. Interestingly, the marketplace can be better off with the single‐rate strategy when a merchant type dominates the market. Moreover, we show that the signal‐based strategy, can lead to an increase in profit for merchants and an increase in consumer surplus. This is so because the marketplace’s signal‐based strategy has a cascade effect on consumers through the merchant’s optimal discount rate strategy. We conclude by identifying the conditions for a win–win–win situation wherein investment in data analytics capabilities by the marketplace also benefits merchants and consumers.