bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Syphilis Incidence and Effect on Viral Load, CD4, and CD4/CD8 Ratio in a Thai Cohort of Predominantly Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV
Authors: Muccini Camilla , Crowell Trevor A. , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Kroon Eugène , Sacdalan Carlo , Ananworanich Jintanat , Vasan Sandhya , Phanuphak Nittaya , Colby Donn J. ,   on behalf of the RV254 Study Group
Published: January 2021

Background:
Syphilis has been increasing in the past years, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of the study was to assess syphilis prevalence and incidence and changes in CD4 count and viremia in the RV254 cohort of persons living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection (AHI) in Bangkok, Thailand.

Methods:
From 2009 to 2018, all cohort participants with AHI were tested for syphilis using a qualitative treponemal chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and rapid plasma reagin on enrollment, every 24–48 weeks thereafter and when clinically indicated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with incident syphilis.

Results:
Among 579 participants, the median age was 26 (interquartile range: 22–31) years and 564 (97.4%) were men. Syphilis prevalence at enrollment was 14.3% and incidence was 10.2 cases per 100 person-years. Participants with syphilis were more likely to be MSM (HR 3.68, 95% CI: 1.16 to 11.62), use methamphetamine (HR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.51 to 3.54), and have hepatitis C (HR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.59 to 4.34). HIV RNA >50 copies/mL occurred in 6 (3.9%) participants at incident syphilis diagnosis and in 6 (3.9%) after syphilis treatment. Median CD4 count (cells/mm3) declined from 663 before syphilis to 624 at syphilis diagnosis (P = 0.07), rising again to 660 after syphilis treatment.

Conclusion:
Syphilis was common in the RV254 cohort, inducing a marginal but significant impact on HIV RNA and a temporary decline in CD4. Syphilis screening and behavioral risk reduction counseling should be implemented for MSM with AHI in Thailand.
PET/CT for Brain Amyloid
Authors: Lee Sangwon , Jung Jin Ho , Kim Dongwoo , Lim Hyun Keong , Park Mi-Ae , Kim Garam , So Minjae , Yoo Sun Kook , Ye Byoung Seok , Choi Yong , Yun Mijin 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with a residual learning framework to predict the full-time 18F-florbetaben (18F-FBB) PET/CT images from corresponding short-time scans.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we enrolled 22 cognitively normal subjects, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 42 patients with Alzheimer disease. Twenty minutes of list-mode PET/CT data were acquired and reconstructed as the ground-truth images. The short-time scans were made in either 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes. The CNN with a residual learning framework was implemented to predict the ground-truth images of 18F-FBB PET/CT using short-time scans with either a single-slice or a 3-slice input layer. Model performance was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Additionally, we quantified the amyloid load in the ground-truth and predicted images using the SUV ratio.

Results
On quantitative analyses, with increasing scan time, the normalized root-mean-squared error and the SUV ratio differences between predicted and ground-truth images gradually decreased, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio increased. On qualitative analysis, the predicted images from the 3-slice CNN model showed better image quality than those from the single-slice model. The 3-slice CNN model with a short-time scan of at least 2 minutes achieved comparable, quantitative prediction of full-time 18F-FBB PET/CT images, with adequate to excellent image quality.

Conclusions
The 3-slice CNN model with a residual learning framework is promising for the prediction of full-time 18F-FBB PET/CT images from short-time scans.
Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Volumetric Parameters in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Kim Yong-il , Lee Hyo Sang , Choi Joon Young 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) remains a clinical challenge due to the lack of reliable prognostic parameters. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT volumetric parameters for hepatic metastatic lesions (HMLs) in patients with CRLM.

Methods
A systematic search was performed using the following combination of keywords: CRLM, FDG, PET, and prognosis. The inclusion criteria were studies using 18F-FDG PET/CT as an imaging tool before treatment, including volumetric parameters (metabolic tumor volume [MTV] and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) for HMLs, and reported survival data. Event-free survival and overall survival were considered as survival markers. The effect on survival was determined by the effect size of the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Our systematic search identified 668 records, and a total of 10 studies comprising 494 patients were included. The pooled HRs of the prognostic value of the MTV and TLG for event-free survival were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.21–1.99; P = 0.0006) and 1.64 (95% CI, 1.23–2.19; P = 0.0009) with significance, respectively. The pooled HRs of the prognostic value of the MTV and TLG for overall survival were 1.72 (95% CI, 1.32–2.23; P < 0.0001) and 2.09 (95% CI, 1.48–2.96; P < 0.0001) with significance, respectively.

Conclusions
Higher MTV and TLG for HMLs before treatment were identified as worse prognostic parameters in patients with CRLM. The MTV and TLG of 18F-FDG PET/CT could be used as predictors of prognosis.
Endotracheal, Endobronchial, and Vocal Cords Metastases From Lung Cancer Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiao JingXing , Su Min , Wang Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old man with a history of lung cancer initially treated 3 years prior presented with a new onset of cough for 1-month and 2-week hoarseness. FDG PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the endotracheal, endobronchial, and vocal cords. Subsequently, immunostaining confirmed that all lesions were metastatic squamous cell carcinomas originating from the patient’s primary lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Acute Brain Stroke Evolution Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI Justifies the Discordance of Lesions in a Patient With Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Paula , Tamayo Carabaño Daniella , Fernández López Rosa , Piñero González de la Peña Pilar , Borrego Dorado Isabel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 50-year-old man with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in complete response to treatment presented new hypermetabolic brain lesions on 18F-FDG PET/CT suggestive of malignancy. These findings were correlated by MRI that showed cortical-subcortical peripheral lesions typical of acute ischemic infarction. A restaging 18F-FDG PET/CT showed that hypermetabolic lesions were replaced by ametabolic areas, supporting chronic infarction. Early ischemia presents transitory FDG increase. Brain lymphomas are highly FDG avid and difficult to differentiate from acute cerebral infarction. In view of the discordance of abnormal areas of intracranial uptake on PET FDG, MRI confirmation is required to avoid misinterpretation.
The “Safe Index” Considering Body Surface Area for Prolonged Dexamethasone Regimen in Airway Control After Head and Neck Microsurgical Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Yu-Ting , Cheong David Chon-Fok , Hung Shao-Yu , Kao Huang-Kai , Tsao Chung-Kan 
Published: January 2021

Background
Dexamethasone (Dexa) is frequently administrated to patients receiving head and neck microsurgical reconstruction with nasotracheal intubation postoperatively for airway control. Infection is the greatest concern when prolonging the treatment course. We aimed to find out the relationship between flap infection and the safe dose of Dexa.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective review of enrolling total 156 patients underwent microsurgical free flap reconstruction for head and neck cancers with nasotracheal intubation from December 2015 to December 2016 was conducted. Among them, 139 patients had received prolonged Dexa treatment course (>2 days). Safe index was then defined as the total amount of used Dexa (in milligrams) over body weight (in kilograms), body mass index (in kilograms per square meter) and body surface area (BSA, in square meter). Statistics were performed for the cutoff level of the safe index and to find out the independent risk factors.

Results
The cutoff level of the safe index was 0.76 for body weight group, 2.28 (10−3 m2) for body mass index group, and 33.84 mg/m2 for BSA group. Safe index for BSA group also outweighed other risk factors in multivariant analysis (odds ratio = 6.242, 95% confidence interval = 2.292–17.002, P = 0.000), which is the only independent risk factors for flap infection in our cohort.

Conclusions
Throughout our study, the “safe index” helps clinician easily predict flap infection risk when using Dexa as the medication for airway control after head and neck microsurgical reconstruction.
Percutaneous Debridement of and Fibrin Glue Injection Into a Pretibial Morel-Lavallée Lesion
Authors: Pan Chih-Hao , Tu Chih-Peng , Ou Shuan-Yuan , Tung Kwang-Yi , Huang Wen-Chen , Yu Chia-Meng , Tsai Ming-Feng , Yao Wen-Teng , Chen Yu-Fan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a posttraumatic close degloving injury, which is often underdiagnosed at first. Patients with MLLs usually present with tender and enlarging soft tissue swelling with fluctuation, decreased skin sensation, ecchymosis, or even skin necrosis hours to days after the inciting injury. The lesion can lead to intractable morbidity if it remains untreated. There is no consensus regarding the treatment for MLL at present. Here, we report an MLL in the pretibial region of a 43-year-old woman who experienced a low-energy contusion in a motorbike accident. The pretibial lesion was diagnosed using sonography and fine-needle aspiration. We successfully treated the patient by performing percutaneous debridement via a small incision and injections of fibrin after conservative treatment failed. The method we herein propose achieved the goal of open surgical debridement, providing faster recovery and a high degree of patient comfort. We reviewed the available pertinent literature and propose our own treatment protocol with the aim to establish common therapies ofMLL.
Gender Affirming Surgery: A Comprehensive, Systematic Review of All Peer-reviewed Literature and Methods of Assessing Patient-centered Outcomes (Part 1: Breast/Chest, Face, and Voice)
Authors: Oles Norah , Darrach Halley , Landford Wilmina , Garza Matthew , Twose Claire , Park Chanjun S. , Tran Phuong , Schechter Loren S. , Lau Brandyn , Coon Devin 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To perform the first systematic review of all available gender-affirming surgery (GAS) publications across all procedures to assess both outcomes reported in the literature and the methods used for outcome assessment.

Summary of Background Data:
Rapidly increasing clinical volumes of gender-affirming surgeries have stimulated a growing need for high-quality clinical research. Although some procedures have been performed for decades, each individual procedure has limited data, necessitating synthesis of the entire literature to understand current knowledge and guide future research.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify all outcomes measures in GAS cohorts, including PCOs, complications, and functional outcomes. Outcome data were pooled to assess currently reported complication, satisfaction, and other outcome rates.

Results:
Overall, 15,186 references were identified, 4162 papers advanced to abstract review, and 1826 underwent full-text review. After review, there were 406 GAS cohort publications. Of non-genitoplasty titles, 35 were mastectomy, 6 mammoplasty, 21 facial feminization, and 31 voice/cartilage. Although 59.1% of non-genitoplasty papers addressed PCOs in some form, only 4.3% used instruments partially-validated in transgender patients. Overall, data were reported heterogeneously and were biased towards high-volume centers.

Conclusions:
This study represents the most comprehensive review of GAS literature. By aggregating all previously utilized measurement instruments, this study offers a foundation for discussions about current methodologic limitations and what dimensions must be included in assessing surgical success. We have assembled a comprehensive list of outcome instruments; this offers an ideal starting basis for emerging discussions between patients and providers about deficiencies which new, better instruments and metrics must address. The lack of consistent use of the same outcome measures and validated GAS-specific instruments represent the 2 primary barriers to high-quality research where improvement efforts should be focused.
Enhanced Recovery Program for Outpatient Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Trowbridge Elisa R. , Vollum Kathryn G. , Sarosiek Bethany M. , Chang Eric S. , Hullfish Kathie L. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) are evidence-based perioperative interventions designed to reduce narcotic use, decrease hospital length of stay, decrease medical costs, and improve patient satisfaction. Given the increase in outpatient procedures in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, we sought to compare patient outcomes before and after implementation of an ERP for women undergoing outpatient pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Methods
This was a prospective nonrandomized cohort quality improvement practice initiative. The ERP intervention group included consecutive patients (n = 66) undergoing elective outpatient pelvic reconstructive surgery from March 2016 to October 2016. Historical controls were consecutive patients (n = 124) who had undergone outpatient pelvic reconstructive surgery in the same period a year before ERP implementation. Our primary outcome was opioid use and postoperative pain scores. Secondary outcomes included procedure time, use of intravenous fluids, time to discharge, and total hospital cost.

Results
There was an observed reduction in opioid use between the ERP patients and historic controls as measured by intraoperative morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) and total MMEs, with no difference in postoperative pain scores or postoperative MME. In addition, reduction in length of procedure (P = 0.03), intraoperative intravenous fluids (P < 0.0001), and total hospital cost (P ≤ 0.01) was noted between the ERP patients and historic controls.

Conclusions
Implementation of an outpatient ERP for female pelvic reconstructive surgery was associated with decreased intraoperative and total MMEs, decreased length of procedure, decreased administration of intravenous fluids, and decreased total hospital cost without changing postoperative pain scores.
Virtual Interviews During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Applicants to Fellowships in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Gaigbe-Togbe Bertille H.A. , Menhaji Kimia , Tran Ann D. , Bui Anthony H. , Ascher-Walsh Charles , Dabney Lisa , Hardart Anne 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
The objective was to assess female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) fellowship applicants’ perspectives on the effectiveness of the virtual interview format for creating their rank lists.

Methods
This was an anonymous internet-based survey study of applicants to the FPMRS fellowships in the United States, conducted from July 21, 2020, to August 5, 2020. A 34-item questionnaire queried applicants on satisfaction with interviews, comfort with creating a rank list and time, and financial cost of interviews. Applicants were invited to complete the survey via standardized emails distributed via the REDCap secure database.

Results
Forty-two (56.7%) of 74 applicants completed the survey. The majority of respondents were somewhat satisfied or very satisfied (92.9%) with the virtual interview process and felt comfortable ranking the programs (83.3%). A total of 9.8% of respondents found virtual interviews somewhat or much better than in-person interviews with regards to being informative and helpful, whereas 61% found them to be about the same. A majority (75.6%) found virtual interviews somewhat or much less stressful compared with in-person interviews. The majority (97.5%) spent less than $2,000 during the application process compared with more than $4,000 (87.8%) that they had anticipated spending if the interviews were in person.

Conclusions
Our data revealed that FPMRS applicants overall had a positive experience with the virtual interview platform and felt comfortable creating a rank list of programs based on those interviews.
Botulinum Toxin Monotherapy for the Treatment of Essential Tremor: Life Quality Effect
Authors: Demiryurek Bekir Enes 
Published: January 2021

Aim
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy, as a monotherapy, and its effect on quality of life in patients with essential tremor (ET) who are resistant to medical treatment or cannot tolerate optimum drug doses in the population.

Method
This retrospective research was conducted between February 2019 and December 2019 with 15 adult patients (9 men and 6 women) in the 50-to-70 age group, who had a definite diagnosis of ET as evaluated by the same clinician. With the help of electroneuromyography, intramuscular onabotulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection was administered to the related muscles, not exceeding 100 U in total. Demographic characteristics and duration of disease of all patients were recorded. The tremor severity of patients before the injection, 1 month after the injection, and 3 months after the injection was assessed by the Fahn-Tolosa-Marín Tremor Rating Scale (FTM-TRS), applied by the same clinician during the face-to-face interviews, in addition to the Questionnaire for Essential Tremor (QUEST), which was filled out by participants.

Results
The first month and third month mean QUEST and FTM-TRS scores were statistically lower than that before the procedure in patients with ET after BoNT-A injection (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001). In addition, the mean FTM-TRS and QUEST scores for the first month after the procedure were significantly lower than the mean FTM-TRS and QUEST scores for the third month (P = 0.005 and P = 0.007).

Conclusion
We believe that our study is valuable because there is no research on the effect of BoNT-A administration on ET treatment in the our country population and because the effect of BoNT-A treatment on quality of life in patients with ET was evaluated using the ET-specific QUEST scale.
Improving Detection of Hippocampal Epileptiform Activity Using Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Sidler Elaine , Greiner Hansel , Mangano Francesco , Skoch Jesse , Arya Ravindra , Holland Katherine , Aungaroon Gewalin , Arthur Todd , Fujiwara Hisako , Horn Paul , Tenney Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) defines the spike-generating zone and provides targets for invasive monitoring with stereotactic electroencephalography. This retrospective, blinded, cross-sectional study determined whether MEG virtual sensors could identify hippocampal epileptiform activity.

Methods:
Using MEG beamformer analysis, virtual sensors were manually placed in bilateral hippocampi and corresponding virtual sensor waveforms were analyzed for the presence of epileptiform activity. These findings were compared with hippocampal stereotactic electroencephalography in the same patients. Concordance was determined using sensitivity and specificity.

Results:
Thirty patients (mean age 12.5 ± 5.9 years) and 35 hippocampi were included. Patients were also placed into subgroups based on conventional MEG analysis: temporal (n = 19), extratemporal (n = 10), and normal (n = 1). Overall, sensitivity and specificity were 57.9% and 50.0%, respectively (n = 35). Patients with temporal sources based on conventional MEG analysis had sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 36.4%, respectively (n = 21). Those with extratemporal sources based on conventional MEG had sensitivity and specificity of 42.9% and 80.0%, respectively (n = 12).

Conclusions:
When grouped by conventional MEG analysis, virtual sensors can be useful to confirm mesial temporal dipoles seen with conventional analysis.

Significance:
This work may help support the use of MEG for the detection of epileptiform activity in the hippocampus and influence the planning of invasive electrode placement.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Intranasal Live-attenuated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Preclinical Animal Models
Authors: Park Jun-Guy , Oladunni Fatai S. , Rohaim Mohammed A. , Whittingham-Dowd Jayde , Tollitt James , Assas Bakri M , Alhazmi Wafaa , Almilaibary Abdullah , Iqbal Munir , Chang Pengxiang , Escalona Renee , Shivanna Vinay , Torrelles Jordi B. , Worthington John J , Jackson-Jones Lucy H. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Munir Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is currently a public health priority to curtail the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we evaluated a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based intranasal vectored-vaccine in mice and hamsters for its immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy in challenge studies with SARS-CoV-2. The recombinant (r)NDV-S vaccine expressing spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 administrated via intranasal route in mice induced high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG2a antibodies and T cell-mediated immunity. Hamsters vaccinated with two doses of vaccine showed complete protection from clinical disease including lung infection, inflammation, and pathological lesions after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Importantly, a single or double dose of intranasal rNDV-S vaccine completely blocked SARS-CoV-2 shedding in nasal turbinate and lungs within 4 days of vaccine administration in hamsters. Taken together, intranasal administration of rNDV-S has the potential to control infection at the site of inoculation, which should prevent both the clinical disease and transmission to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The landscape of human brain immune response in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Fullard John F. , Lee Hao-Chih , Voloudakis Georgios , Suo Shengbao , Shao Zhiping , Peter Cyril , Javidfar Behnam , Zhang Wen , Jiang Shan , Corvelo André , Woodoff-Leith Emma , Purohit Dushyant P. , Hoffman Gabriel E. , Akbarian Schahram , Fowkes Mary , Crary John , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Roussos Panos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the relationship between brain tropism, neuroinflammation and host immune response has not been well characterized. We analyzed 68,557 single-nucleus transcriptomes from three brain regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medulla oblongata and choroid plexus) and identified an increased proportion of stromal cells and monocytes in the choroid plexus of COVID-19 patients. Differential gene expression, pseudo-temporal trajectory and gene regulatory network analyses revealed microglial transcriptome perturbations, mediating a range of biological processes, including cellular activation, mobility and phagocytosis. Quantification of viral spike S1 protein and SARS-CoV-2 transcripts did not support the notion of brain tropism. Overall, our findings suggest extensive neuroinflammation in patients with acute COVID-19.One Sentence SummarySingle-nucleus transcriptome analysis suggests extensive neuroinflammation in human brain tissue of patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019.