bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting survival and immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer: a STAT signaling-related signature
Authors: Zeng R , Wu H , Qiu X , Zhuo Z , Sha W , Chen H 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
Despite research advances, studies on predictive models of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain scarce and none have evaluated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling.

Aim
To develop an effective prognostic signature for and evaluate its association with immune microenvironment.

Design
Comprehensive analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases with experimental validation.

Methods
Gene expression and clinical profiles of CRC patients were extracted from the databases. Differentially expressed genes with prognostic values were used to construct a signature. Immune cell infiltration and composition were further evaluated by TIMER, single-sample gene set enrichment and CIBERSORT analyses. The impact of the hub gene Caveolin-1 (CAV1) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and tumor angiogenesis was experimentally validated.

Results
The five-gene-based STAT signaling-related prognostic signature was significantly associated with CRC survival, and the nomogram was with improved prognostic efficacy than the conventional TNM stage. The STAT signaling-related signature was correlated with tumor immune microenvironment. CAV1 was further identified as the hub gene within the signature. CAV1 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis as well as senescence of CRC cells. In addition, the tumor angiogenesis of CRC can be suppressed by CAV1 overexpression.

Conclusions
The STAT signaling-related signature effectively predicts the prognosis and regulates tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. Our study underscores the role of STAT regulator, CAV1, as an important tumor suppressor in CRC carcinogenesis. Modulating STAT and its regulators could be a promising strategy for CRC in clinical practice.
What Moves Stock Prices? The Roles of News, Noise, and Information
Authors: Brogaard Jonathan , Nguyen Thanh Huong , Putnins Talis J , Wu Eliza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We develop a return variance decomposition model to distinguish the roles of different types of information and noise in stock price movements. We disentangle four components: noise, private firm-specific information revealed through trading, firm-specific information revealed through public sources and market-wide information. Overall, we find that 31$\%$ of the return variance is from noise, 24$\%$ from private firm-specific information, 37$\%$ from public firm-specific information and 8$\%$ from market-wide information. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a dramatic decline in noise and an increase in firm-specific information, consistent with increasing market efficiency.
The Internet Appendix that accompanies this paper can be obtained here: https://bit.ly/3FcV9UR
Reducing the Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) in a US Community: A Quasi-Experimental Trial
Authors: Srihari Vinod H , Ferrara Maria , Li Fangyong , Kline Emily , Gülöksüz Sinan , Pollard Jessica M , Cahill John D , Mathis Walter S , Yoviene Sykes Laura , Walsh Barbara C , McDermott Glen , Seidman Larry J , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Woods Scott W , Tek Cenk , Keshavan Matcheri S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDuration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) remains unacceptably long and limits effectiveness of care. To determine whether an early detection campaign (“Mindmap”) can reduce DUP in a US community setting.MethodsIn this nonrandomized controlled trial, Mindmap targeted the catchment of one specialty first-episode service or FES (STEP, Greater New Haven) from 2015 to 2019, while usual detection efforts continued at a control FES (PREP, Greater Boston). Mindmap targeted diverse sources of delay through mass & social media messaging, professional outreach & detailing, and rapid enrollment of referrals. Both FES recruited 16–35 years old with psychosis onset ≤3 years. Outcome measures included DUP-Total (onset of psychosis to FES enrollment), DUP-Demand (onset of psychosis to first antipsychotic medication), and DUP-Supply (first antipsychotic medication to FES enrollment).Results171 subjects were recruited at STEP and 75 at PREP. Mindmap was associated with an increase in the number of referrals and in efficiency of engagement at STEP. Pre-campaign DUP (2014–2015) was equivalent, while Mindmap was associated with DUP reductions at STEP but not PREP. DUP-Total fell significantly in both the first and the second quartile (11.5 and 58.5 days reduction per campaign year, respectively). DUP-Demand and DUP-Supply fell in the third quartiles only (46.3 and 70.3 days reduction per campaign year, respectively). No reductions were detectable across all quartiles at PREP, but between site comparisons were not significant.ConclusionsThis is the first controlled demonstration of community DUP reduction in the US, and can inform future early detection efforts across diverse settings.
Isolated Lomentospora prolificans Endophthalmitis
Authors: Dolgetta Alexandra , Bergman Zachary , Merbs Shannath L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Lomentaspora prolificans is a rare fungal infection that has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Infection can caused disseminated infection, as well as localized infections in multiple organs in the body, including the eye. Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening condition most commonly caused by bacterial pathogens and rarely associated with fungal infection. Endophthalmitis caused by L. prolificans is typically the result of ocular penetration, active keratitis, or endogenous seeding with positive blood cultures. Infection with L. prolificans is very difficult to treat because of the limited efficacy of currently available antifungal medications. Thus, the prognosis of endophthalmitis secondary to L. prolificans is guarded. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman who developed isolated endophthalmitis from L. prolificans infection with no identifiable source.
Factors associated with immunological and virological discordant responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy among adult HIV positive individuals in Ethiopia
Authors: Manaye Gizachew Ayele , Abateneh Dejene Derseh , Asmare Wondwossen Niguse , Abebe Milkias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In clinical practice, not all human immune deficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) achieve the desired concordant response characterized by a sustained viral suppression or immune recovery. The expected success of HAART doesn’t occur in all treated patients and a discordant response between CD4 count and the viral load (VL) has been a major concern in the treatment of HIV patients. Thus, this study is designed to describe the factors associated with immunological and virological discordant responses to HAART among adult HIV positive individuals.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study with secondary data review was conducted on 423 HIV positive individuals on HAART from February 1 to April 30, 2017. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical data and about 10 mL of blood specimen for HIV VL, and CD4 count measurement were collected. The data was entered into SPSS version 20 and descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed.
The mean age of the patients at study time was 39 (±9.8). The average follow-up duration of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 7 (±3) years. The prevalence of immunological discordance and virological discordance to HAART were 13.2% and 47%, respectively. With multivariate logistic regression analysis duration of follow-up on ART ≤ 6 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.29 (1.80–6.03), P ≤ .001) and VL ≥20 copies/mm3 (AOR = 3.08 [1.70–5.61], P ≤ .001) were significant factors for immunological discordance conversely the patients who switched drug as a result of TB (AOR = 3.33 [1.10–10.08], P = .03) was significant factors for virological discordance.
The prevalence of immunological discordance and virological discordance to HAART among HIV patients is high. Patients with the duration of follow-up on ART ≤ 6 years, VL ≥ 20 copies/mm3 and patients who switched drugs as a result of TB were significant factors for discordance. Hence, intensive adherence support and counseling should be provided to achieve the UNAIDS 90 target. HIV positive individuals co-infected with TB, who have had VL ≥ 20 copies/mm3 and who are ≤6 years duration of follow-up on ART need to be carefully monitored. In addition, national based study of discordant groups is recommended.
The effectiveness of herbal acupoint application for functional diarrhea
Authors: Liu Baiyan , Yan Bing , Jiang Hailin , Zhao Xuewei , Wang Luyao , Li Tie , Wang Fuchun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Functional diarrhea (FDr), one of the most common functional gastrointestinal diseases, is a kind of functional bowel disease characterized by repeated paste feces or watery feces. However, no relevant systematic review or meta-analysis has been designed to evaluate the effects of herbal acupoint application (HAA) on FDr. There is also a lack of systematic evaluation and analysis of acupoints and herbs.

Methods:
We will search the following 8 databases from their inception to October 15, 2021, without language restrictions: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, the Wan-Fang Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The primary
outcome measures will be clinical effective rate, functional outcomes, and quality of life. Data that meets the inclusion criteria will be extracted and analyzed using RevMan V.5.3 software (Available at: https://community.cochrane.org/help/tools-and-software/revman-5). Two reviewers will evaluate the studies using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess the overall quality of evidence supporting the primary outcomes. We will also use SPASS software (Version 19.0 (Available at: https://www.ibm.com/analytics/spss-statistics-software)) for complex network analysis to explore the potential core prescription of acupoint herbal patching for FDr.

Results:
This study will analyze the clinical effective rate, bristol stool scale, number of daily bowel movements, clinical symptom scale of diarrhea, and effective prescriptions of HAA for patients with FDr.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of our findings will provide evidence for the effectiveness and potential treatment prescriptions of HAA for patients with FDr.
Physicians’ religious/spiritual characteristics and their behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice
Authors: Kørup Alex K. , Søndergaard Jens , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Ramakrishnan Parameshwaran , Baumann Klaus , Lee Eunmi , Frick Eckhard , Büssing Arndt , Alyousefi Nada A. , Karimah Azimatul , Schouten Esther , Wermuth Inga , Hefti René , de Diego-Cordero Rocío , Menegatti-Chequini Maria Cecilia , Hvidt Niels Christian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Religiosity and/or spirituality (R/S) of physicians have been reported to inform behavior regarding religiosity and spirituality in clinical practice (R/S-B). Our aim was to study this association.

Methods:
Building upon a large international data pool of physician values we performed network and systematic literature searches using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo. Measures for R/S and R/S-B were selected for comparability with existing research. We performed a two-stage IPDMA using R/S coefficients from sample-wise multiple regression analyses as summary measures. We controlled for age, gender, and medical specialty. An additional sub-analysis compared psychiatrists to non-psychiatrists.

Results:
We found 11 eligible surveys from 8 countries (n = 3159). We found a positive association between R/S and R/S-B with an overall R/S coefficient of 0.65 (0.48–0.83). All samples revealed a positive association between R/S and R/S-B. Only 2 out of the 11 samples differed from the overall confidence interval. Psychiatrists had a higher degree of R/S-B, but associations with R/S did not differ compared to non-psychiatrists.

Conclusions:
We confirmed a significant association between R/S and R/S-B in this study. Despite large cultural differences between samples, coefficients remained almost constant when controlling for confounders, indicating a cultural independent effect of R/S on R/S-B, which to our knowledge has not been documented before.
Such interaction can constitute both facilitators and barriers for high quality health care and should be considered in all aspects of patient and relationship-centered medicine.
Postpartum cerebral arterial dissections
Authors: Ruan Chun-Yun , Gao Bu-Lang , Pang Hong-Li , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yao-Hui , Wei Li-Ping , Li Tian-Xiao , Wang Zi-Liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Postpartum cerebral arterial dissections are rare, and the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are not clear to many physicians. This study was to investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of postpartum cerebral arterial dissections.
One patient with postpartum cerebral arterial dissections enrolled in our hospital was analyzed. All patients with postpartum cerebral arterial dissections retrieved from the PubMed were also included in this study and analyzed.
A total of 45 patients with postpartum cerebral arterial dissections were retrieved including our case, with an age range of 24 to 44 years (mean 34). Thirty-six (80%) patients were older than 30 years of age (mean 35). There were 17 cases of cesarean section, 14 cases of natural labor, and 14 cases whose delivery modes were not reported. The clinical symptoms included headache in 35 cases (78%) and neck pain in 14 (31%). The symptoms occurred at a mean time of 11 days (range 0-53 days) following delivery. Among 45 patients, arterial dissections involved unilateral carotid or vertebral artery in 29 cases (64%), bilateral carotid or vertebral arteries in 8 (18%), 3 arteries in 3 (7%), and all bilateral carotid and vertebral arteries in 5 (11%). Fourteen (31%) patients were treated with antiplatelet agents, 27 (60%) with anticoagulation, 7 (16%) with both antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications, and only 2 (4%) with stent angioplasty. The prognosis was complete recovery in 30 (86%) patients and mild focal neurological symptoms in 5 (14%).
Postpartum cerebral arterial dissections are rare, and correct diagnosis relies on imaging examination. Prognosis is usually favorable in patients with early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Follow-up care over 12 months of patients with prostate cancer in Spain
Authors: Bonfill Xavier , Martinez-Zapata María José , Vernooij Robin WM , Sánchez María José , Morales-Suárez-Varela María , Emparanza José Ignacio , Ferrer Montse , Pijoan José Ignacio , Palou Joan , Madrid Eva , Abraira Víctor , Zamora Javier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The therapeutic approach is crucial to prostate cancer prognosis. We describe treatments and outcomes for a Spanish cohort of patients with prostate cancer during the first 12 months after diagnosis and identify the factors that influenced the treatment they received.
This multicenter prospective cohort study included patients with prostate cancer followed up for 12 months after diagnosis. Treatment was stratified by factors such as hospital, age group (<70 and ≥70 years), and D’Amico cancer risk classification. The outcomes were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, adverse events (AEs), and mortality. The patient characteristics associated with the different treatment modalities were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.
We included 470 men from 7 Spanish tertiary hospitals (mean (standard deviation) age 67.8 (7.6) years), 373 (79.4%) of which received treatment (alone or in combination) as follows: surgery (n = 163; 34.7%); radiotherapy (RT) (n = 149; 31.7%); and hormone therapy (HT) (n = 142; 30.2%). The remaining patients (n = 97) were allocated to no treatment, that is, watchful waiting (14.0%) or active surveillance (5.7%). HT was the most frequently administered treatment during follow-up and RT plus HT was the most common therapeutic combination. Surgery was more frequent in patients aged <70, with lower histologic tumor grades, Gleason scores <7, and lower prostate-specific antigen levels; while RT was more frequent in patients aged ≥70 with histologic tumor grade 4, and higher ECOG scores. HT was more frequent in patients aged ≥70, with histologic tumor grades 3 to 4, Gleason score ≥8, ECOG ≥1, and higher prostate-specific antigen levels. The number of fully active patients (ECOG score 0) decreased significantly during follow-up, from 75.3% at diagnosis to 65.1% at 12 months (P < .001); 230 (48.9%) patients had at least 1 AE, and 12 (2.6%) patients died.
Surgery or RT were the main curative options. A fifth of the patients received no treatment. Palliative HT was more frequently administered to older patients with higher tumor grades and higher Gleason scores. Close to half of the patients experienced an AE related to their treatment.
CB-LPD, MGUS, T-LGLL, and PRCA
Authors: Xu Qinhong , Yu Jieni , Lin Xiaoyan , Li Youli , Zhang Kejie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a clinically asymptomatic clonal plasma cell or lymphoplasmacytic proliferative disorder. Recently, some case reports have described the association of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) with MGUS, even with a relatively low monoclonal immunoglobulin burden. T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by clonal expansion of T large granular lymphocytes, which is rare in China. There are some reports about T-LGL leukemia in patients with B-cell lymphoma; however, it is very rare that T-LGLL coexists with MGUS and clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CB-LPD).

Patient concerns:
A 77-year-old man was hospitalized because of anemia. He was diagnosed with MGUS, CB-LPD, and PRCA. During the development of the disease, a group of abnormal T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry of peripheral blood.

Diagnosis:
Combining clinical manifestations with the result of T cell receptor gene rearrangement and immunophenotype, it was consistent with the diagnosis of T large granular lymphocyte leukemia.

Interventions:
The patient was treat with bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen, Rituximab and sirolimus.

Outcomes:
The patient was transfusion independent after therapies.

Lessons:
We report a patient with 4 concomitant hematological disorders: T-LGLL, MGUS, CB-LPD, and PRCA, aiming to represent the clinical and flow cytometry characteristics of these concomitant diseases, analyze the mechanism between diseases, and provide a clinical reference.
The texture of collagen in the microenvironments of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Laurito Tiago Luders , França Flávia Thomé , Vieira-Damiani Gislaine , Pelegati Vitor Bianchin , Baratti Mariana Ozello , de Carvalho Hernandez Faustino , Cesar Carlos Lenz , de Moraes Aparecida Machado , Cintra Maria Letícia , Teixeira Fernanda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solid tumors typically contain high levels of fibrillar collagen. The increased stromal collagen deposition usually promotes cancer progression since biochemical and biophysical cues from tumor-associated collagen fibers stimulate neoplastic cells. Few studies have investigated the relationship between Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), but there are no works evaluating collagen.
This is an observational, analytical, retrospective study including 11 patients with MCC. Primary tumor-stained sections were evaluated by second harmonic generation microscopy and texture analysis.
Peritumoral texture features (area fraction, mean gray value, entropy, and contrast) showed much lower values than normal skin (P < .0001) revealing extensively altered structure of peritumoral collagen fibers. These differences were not significant between tumors with unfavorable and favorable known prognostic factors.
Profound changes in collagen fibers present in the stroma accompanying primary MCC may contribute to the aggressive behavior of this tumor. Our results indicate that whatever MCC histological subtype, size or anatomical location, MCC promotes the same type of ECM for its development. As an outlook, therapies using ECM macromolecules or fibroblasts (the architects of ECM remodeling) as target could be useful in the treatment of MCC.
The effectiveness and safety of Naoxintong capsules in the treatment of vascular dementia
Authors: Li Yan-Lin , Cheng Fang , Chen Yan , Wang Jun , Xiao Zeng-Dong , Han Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Traditional Chinese medicine Naoxintong capsules have achieved good results in the treatment of vascular dementia, but there is no evidence-based medical evidence on the effectiveness and safety of the drug. Therefore, this study uses meta-analysis method to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Naoxintong capsules in the treatment of vascular dementia, with the aim of providing scientific guidance for clinical treatment and practice.

Methods:
This study retrieves a total of 7 network electronic databases, including 4 Chinese databases: China biomedical literature database, CNKI, Chongqing VIP database and WANFANG database, and three English databases: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library. Using the combination of theme words and key words to retrieve the Chinese and English database, the literature is searched from January 1, 1990 to October 1, 2021. Two researchers independently sift through the literature, extract data and evaluate the bias risk included in the study, and in the event of a disagreement, the third researcher is invited to discuss the decision, followed by meta-analysis using software RveMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0.

Results:
All findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed, high-quality academic journal of medicine.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will provide evidence for clinicians to find effective and safe methods of treating vascular dementia in TCM.

OSF registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/YVF72, https://osf.io/yvf72.