bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of large language models in clinical record correction: a comprehensive study on various retraining methods
Authors: Maitin Ana M , Nogales Alberto , Fernández-Rincón Sergio , Aranguren Enrique , Cervera-Barba Emilio , Denizon-Arranz Sophia , Mateos-Rodríguez Alonso , García-Tejedor Álvaro J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We evaluate the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-based (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and Llama-2 models (13B and 7B architectures), in autonomously assessing clinical records (CRs) to enhance medical education and diagnostic skills.

Materials and Methods
Various techniques, including prompt engineering, fine-tuning (FT), and low-rank adaptation (LoRA), were implemented and compared on Llama-2 7B. These methods were assessed using prompts in both English and Spanish to determine their adaptability to different languages. Performance was benchmarked against GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Llama-2 13B.

Results
GPT-based models, particularly GPT-4, demonstrated promising performance closely aligned with specialist evaluations. Application of FT on Llama-2 7B improved text comprehension in Spanish, equating its performance to that of Llama-2 13B with English prompts. Low-rank adaptation significantly enhanced performance, surpassing GPT-3.5 results when combined with FT. This indicates LoRA’s effectiveness in adapting open-source models for specific tasks.

Discussion
While GPT-4 showed superior performance, FT and LoRA on Llama-2 7B proved crucial in improving language comprehension and task-specific accuracy. Identified limitations highlight the need for further research.

Conclusion
This study underscores the potential of LLMs in medical education, providing an innovative, effective approach to CR correction. Low-rank adaptation emerged as the most effective technique, enabling open-source models to perform on par with proprietary models. Future research should focus on overcoming current limitations to further improve model performance.
A brief history of chlorfluazuron in termite bait in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Dhang Partho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chlorfluazuron was discovered and developed in the Asia-Pacific region by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha (ISK) Japan and launched in the 1980s. The compound is a benzoylphenyl urea and acts as an insect growth regulator by inhibiting chitin synthesis in insects. Subsequently, Ensystex developed chlorfluazuron for termite baits, with test results demonstrating that it met key criteria for good termite baits. The first commercial introduction of a chlorfluazuron-based bait in the Asia-Pacific region occurred in Australia in 2002. Since then, the bait has been registered in most major countries across the region. Several studies have been published on the efficacy of the bait against termite species, including those from both the Heterotermitidae and Termitidae families. Tested species include Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. acinaciformis (Froggatt); C. gestroi, Wasmann; C curvignathus Holmgren; Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann), Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Microcerotermes losbanosensis (Oshima), Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland), and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur). This article presents a brief history and use of chlorfluazuron baits, considering its importance in the fast-growing urban environment of the Asia-Pacific region.
First record of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Alberta: expanding distributions and ecotype patterns in a western Canadian province
Authors: Pan Tiffany , Seal Michaela , Shaw Hailey , Mohanaraj Shahaanaa , Morinaga Gen , Hogaboam Brittany , Jenkins Michael , Coker Alexandra , Soghigian John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Culex pipiens is an invasive mosquito found in temperate regions globally. It is considered among the most important disease vectors worldwide and is responsible for the transmission of a range of pathogens, including West Nile virus, avian malaria, Saint Louis encephalitis, and filarial worms. Throughout its northern temperate range, this mosquito is found in 2 ecotypes: form pipiens and form molestus. In Canada, this mosquito was previously thought restricted to the Pacific coast of British Columbia and the eastern provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. Through routine mosquito surveillance and targeted trapping for Cx. pipiens, we detected this mosquito in 2 Albertan municipalities earlier than suggested by species distribution modeling based on climate change data. We confirmed the identity of putative Cx. pipiens specimens using DNA sequencing and found that alleles associated with form molestus were present, but at a low frequency compared to alleles associated with form pipiens. Furthermore, we compared the frequency of ecotype-related alleles in Alberta to elsewhere in North America and found a general trend of increased form pipiens in more northern latitudes, similar to previously reported results. We discuss our findings in the context of vector-borne disease activity in Canada, particularly West Nile virus.
Bayesian state-space models for the modelling and prediction of the results of English Premier League football
Authors: Ridall P Gareth , Titman Andrew C , Pettitt Anthony N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The attraction of using state-space models (SSMs) is their ability to efficiently and dynamically predict in the presence of change. In this paper, we formulate a Bayesian SSM capable of predicting the outcomes of football matches and the associated states, which are the attacking and defensive strengths of each side and the common home goal advantage. Our filter achieves accuracy and efficiency by exploiting conjugacy in its update step and using exact expressions to describe the evolution of the states. The presence of conjugacy enables us to use a mean-field approximation to update the states given fresh observations. The method is evaluated using the full history of the English Premier League and shown to be competitive, or superior, to weighted likelihood or score-driven time-series-based methods.
Rebalancing the seed proteome following deletion of vicilin-related genes in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Rayner Tracey , Saalbach Gerhard , Vickers Martin , Paajanen Pirita , Martins Carlo , Wouters Roland H M , Chinoy Catherine , Mulholland Francis , Bal Mark , Isaac Peter , Novak Petr , Macas Jiří , Ellis Noel , Steuernagel Burkhard , Domoney Claire 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Null mutations for genes encoding a major seed storage protein in pea, vicilin, were sought through screening a fast-neutron mutant population. Deletion mutations at four or five vicilin loci, where all vicilin genes within each locus were deleted, were combined to address the question of how removal or reduction of a major storage protein and potential allergen might impact the final concentration of protein per unit of mature seed weight, seed yield, and viability. While the concentration of seed protein was not reduced in mature seeds of mutant lines, indicative of a re-balancing of the proteome, notable differences were apparent in the metabolite, proteomic, and amino acid profiles of the seeds, as well as in some functional properties. Major effects of the deletions on the proteome were documented. The genomic regions which were deleted were defined by whole-genome sequencing of the parental line, JI2822, and its quintuple vicilin null derivative, providing a comprehensive description of each vicilin locus and its genic arrangement. An annotated reference genome has been generated for JI2822, which will serve as a very valuable resource for the research community and support further study of the associated deletion mutant population.
Physical Demands of Brazilian Air Force Critical Combat Tasks
Authors: Magraner José Mauricio , Botta Willian Carrero , Campos Fabio Angioluci Diniz , Heinrich Katie M , Borin João Paulo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The present study aimed to identify the physical demands of Brazilian Air Force (BAF) critical Combat Tasks (CTs) and investigate the occurrence of differences in their difficulty perceived ratings, considering aspects such as sex, military experience, and academic degree of the evaluators.

Methods
The Subject Matter Expert (SME) cohort was assembled based on the BAF’s Physical Training Specialists (n = 13, military, at least 2 years of experience). Based on the BAF’s previous studies, a questionnaire defining and rating the physical demands of 12 BAF critical CTs was developed. The SMEs evaluated the components related to the physical demands of each CT on a scale of 0 (unnecessary) to 10 (very demanding) using an online survey.

Results
Cronbach’s alpha was employed to analyze the internal consistency of the assessments and demonstrated an “almost perfect” correlation (α = 0.986). The Mann-Whitney test revealed minimal discrepancies in the distributions of SMEs’ responses based on sex (2.5%), military experience (5.8%), or academic level (6.7%); P &lt; .05. The evaluations of the SMEs allowed the establishment of a profile of the biomotor skills involved of the BAF CTs.

Conclusions
The evaluations of the biomotor skills involved in the performance of the critical CTs of the BAF demonstrated that the profile required of the BAF’s tactical athletes is predominantly related to the components of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and aerobic fitness. Although further research is required to fully understand the physiological demands of CTs, the biomotor skills identified can inform the design of training programs, allowing for a more targeted approach.
A Universal Money Pump for the Myopic, Naive, and Minimally Sophisticated
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The money-pump argument aims to show that cyclic preferences are irrational. The argument can be based on a number of different exploitation schemes that vary in what needs to be assumed about the agent. The Standard Money Pump works for myopic and naive agents, but not for sophisticated agents who use backward induction. The Upfront Money Pump works for sophisticated agents, but not for myopic or naive agents. In this paper, I present a new money pump, the Universal Money Pump, that works for myopic, naive, and sophisticated agents. Moreover, the Universal Money Pump (just like the Upfront Money Pump) also works for minimally sophisticated agents who need not assume that they will choose rationally at nodes that can only be reached by irrational choices. This enables an argument that rational preferences are acyclic, which is based on weaker assumptions about dynamic rationality than existing money-pump arguments.
On the correlation between X-rays and TeV gamma-rays in HBL Blazars
Authors: Osorio-Archila M , González M M , Sacahui J R 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The gamma-ray emission in blazars can be attributed to the leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, photohadronic interactions, or a combination thereof. While evidence supports both models, their specific contributions remain uncertain. One supportive piece of evidence for the SSC model is the correlation between synchrotron and SSC fluxes in some blazar’s spectral energy distribution (SED), indicating the relative contributions of leptonic and hadronic mechanisms. Observational studies of the high-synchrotron peaked BL Lac (HBL) blazar Markarian 421 over several years, spanning TeV gamma-rays and X-rays, have reported a linear correlation across various time-scales, which breaks at the highest gamma-ray fluxes. Extending this analysis to four HBL blazars – Markarian 501, 1ES 1959+650, PKS 2155−304, and 1ES 2344+514 – we utilize multiwavelength data from ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes for gamma-rays and satellite observations for X-rays. Our long-term study confirms a linear correlation between fluxes across these energy bands, except for Markarian 501, which shows a correlation index of $1.45 \pm 0.01$. Notably, the exceptional flaring episode of PKS 2155−304 exhibits a correlation index of 2 with extreme values of gamma-ray fluxes. We observe outliers with high gamma-ray fluxes, suggesting the involvement of another mechanism, either of hadronic or leptonic origin. Finally, all other correlations exhibit alignment with a general correlation, suggesting a common acceleration mechanism among them with slight variations likely due to individual magnetic field strengths.
Circumbinary accretion as a diagnostic for binary–disc misalignment
Authors: Smallwood Jeremy L , Li Ya-Ping , Deng Hongping , Franchini Alessia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Binary star systems can accrete material originating from a circumbinary disc. Since it is common for the circumbinary disc to be tilted with respect to the binary orbital plane, we test whether the accretion dynamics can be a diagnostic for binary–disc misalignment. We present hydrodynamical simulations to model the accretion flow from a circumbinary disc around an eccentric binary with initial tilts ranging from $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$ in increments of $15^\circ$. Based on the initial tilt, the circumbinary disc will align towards three different configurations: prograde coplanar, polar, or retrograde coplanar. For discs with initial tilts evolving towards prograde coplanar alignment, the accretion rates on to the primary and secondary stars exhibit alternating preferential accretion. Circumbinary discs evolving towards polar alignment exhibit no alternating preferential accretion on to the binary unless the initial tilt is close to the critical tilt that sets the boundary between coplanar or polar alignment. Such cases cause strong disc warping, leading to disc breaking. The inner disc becomes eccentric, leading to alternating preferential accretion on to the binary. As the break propagates outward, the disc tilt damps towards a polar state and the disc eccentricity decreases. As the disc recircularizes, the accretion rate transitions back from alternating preferential accretion to non-alternating accretion. Lastly, no alternating preferential accretion exists for discs undergoing retrograde coplanar alignment. From the summary of the accretion rates from our suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, it is evident that the accretion rate evolution can be affected by the initial tilt and subsequent evolution of the circumbinary disc.
Predicting Lyα emission from distant galaxies with neural network architecture
Authors: Yoshioka Takehiro , Kashikawa Nobunari , Takeda Yoshihiro , Ito Kei , Liang Yongming , Ishimoto Rikako , Arita Junya , Nishimura Yuri , Hoshi Hiroki , Shimizu Shunta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The Ly$\alpha$ emission line is a characteristic feature found in high-z galaxies, serving as a probe of cosmic reionization. While previous works present various correlations between Ly$\alpha$ emission and physical properties of host galaxies, it is still unclear which characteristics predominantly determine the Ly$\alpha$ emission. In this study, we introduce a neural network approach to simultaneously handle multiple properties of galaxies. The neural-network-based prediction model that identifies Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) from six physical properties: star formation rate, stellar mass, UV absolute magnitude $M_\mathrm{UV}$, age, UV slope $\beta$, and dust attenuation $E(B-V)$, obtained by the spectral energy distribution fitting. The network is trained with galaxy samples from the VANDELS and MUSE spectroscopic surveys and achieves the performance of 77 per cent true positive rate and 14 per cent false positive rate. The permutation feature importance method shows that $\beta$, $M_\mathrm{UV}$, and $M_*$ are important for the prediction of LAEs. As an independent validation, we find that 91 per cent of LAEs spectroscopically confirmed by the JWST have a probability of LAE higher than 70 per cent in this model. This prediction model enables the efficient construction of a large LAE sample in a wide and continuous redshift space using only photometric data. We apply the prediction model to the JWST photometric galaxy sample and obtain Ly$\alpha$ fraction consistent with previous studies. Moreover, we demonstrate that the difference between the distributions of LAEs predicted by the model and the spectroscopically identified LAEs provides a strong constraint on the H ii bubble size.
Comparison of observed vertical stratifications of iron in blue horizontal-branch stars to those predicted by atomic diffusion
Authors: LeBlanc F , Alecian G , Stift M J , Khalack V 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent spectroscopic analysis has shown that hot blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars often exhibit a significant increase in iron abundance with depth in their atmospheres. The aim of this work is to verify whether these abundance stratifications are compatible with those that are predicted by atomic diffusion. Indeed, this physical process has been suspected for several decades of being at the origin of the abundance anomalies detected in BHB stars, as well as the observed photometric anomalies. Using the most recent version of the caratmotion code for modelling time-dependent diffusion in stellar atmospheres, we have calculated iron diffusion in the atmosphere of three BHB stars where iron stratification has been detected. It appears that the Fe stratifications predicted by our calculations are generally compatible with those observed. It is also shown that at certain phases detailed quantitative agreement between observations and calculations is achieved.
Properties of 3D H i filaments in the smith high velocity cloud
Authors: Holm-Hansen Colin , Putman M E , Kim D A 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We present findings of 3D filamentary structures in the Smith Cloud, a high-velocity cloud (HVC) located at $l=38^{\circ }$, $b=-13^{\circ }$. These data represent the first detection of velocity-resolved 3D H i filaments within an HVC. We use data from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array H i (GALFA-H i) along with our new filament detection algorithm, fil3d, to characterize these structures. In this paper, we also discuss how different input parameters affect the output of fil3d. We study filaments in the local interstellar medium (ISM) and compare them to those found in the Smith Cloud. Based on thermal line width estimations we find supporting evidence that the Smith Cloud filaments are part of its warm neutral medium. We also find a relationship between thermal line width and the $v_{\mathrm{LSR}}$ of the filaments. We study the plane-of-sky magnetic field as traced by Planck 353 GHz polarized dust emission along the line of sight and find none of our filament populations are aligned with this tracer of the magnetic field. This is likely related to their location close to dynamic processes in the Galactic Plane and/or the low column density of the filaments relative to emission in the Plane. The results show that 3D H i filaments are found in a wide range of Galactic environments and form through multiple processes.
MPO-ANCA-positive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis complicated by alveolar haemorrhage treated with mepolizumab as an induction therapy: Case report
Authors: Yoshida Mana , Iwata Shigeru , Tabata Kayoko , Hashimoto Aya , Matsumiya Ryo , Tanaka Katsunori , Iwamoto Ryuta , Jinnin Masatoshi , Fujii Takao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis preceded by bronchial asthma or allergic sinusitis and accompanied by peripheral blood eosinophilia. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclophosphamide in addition to high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs), are recommended for induction of remission in patients with severe EGPA. Although mepolizumab is widely recognised as remission induction therapy in nonfatal/nonorgan disabling or relapsed/refractory EGPA, its efficacy and safety in induction of remission for severe cases have been ambiguous. In this context, we report a case of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive severe EGPA in which the patient had a favourable course using mepolizumab as an induction remission therapy. The patient, a 74-year-old man, had myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive severe EGPA with alveolar haemorrhage. High-dose GCs and intravenous cyclophosphamide were started as remission induction therapy. However, after the initiation of intravenous cyclophosphamide, alveolar haemorrhage worsened, and there was development of opportunistic infections, such as aspergillus and cytomegalovirus antigenaemia. Treatment with the antifungal drug voriconazole and the antiviral drug ganciclovir was started for opportunistic infection, and the treatment for EGPA was switched from intravenous cyclophosphamide to mepolizumab. As a result, alveolar haemorrhage improved, GCs were reduced, and the infection also improved. Mepolizumab as remission induction therapy for severe EGPA were thought to be appropriate and effective treatment in this case. However, the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab for this purpose require comprehensive evaluation.
Optimal glucocorticoid therapy in lupus nephritis
Authors: Figueroa-Parra Gabriel , Bautista-Vargas Mario , Navarro-Mendoza Erika , Duarte-García Alí 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This review provides an in-depth analysis of glucocorticoid therapy for lupus nephritis (LN), a severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus that affects up to 51.7% of patients. LN significantly increases the risk of mortality and progression to end-stage kidney disease. Glucocorticoids have been central to LN treatment for decades due to their anti-inflammatory properties, but optimal dosing strategies remain uncertain. The review discusses the historical evolution of glucocorticoid use, highlighting the shift from high-dose regimens to combined approaches with immunosuppressants and lower glucocorticoid doses to minimize adverse effects. Mechanistically, glucocorticoids exert effects through genomic and non-genomic pathways, modulating immune responses and metabolism. Long-term use is associated with risks such as infection, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease. The review examines different dosing strategies, including intravenous pulse therapy and oral regimens, and presents evidence of their efficacy and safety. It also explores alternative approaches, such as low-dose and glucocorticoid-free regimens, which show promise but require further study. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for future research to optimize glucocorticoid regimens, refine tapering protocols and identify safer therapeutic combinations, as glucocorticoids remain a cornerstone in LN management despite their challenges.