bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Injectable Hydrogel Based on Hyaluronic Acid–Chitosan/β‐Glycerophosphate‐Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peng Liang , Li Muwei , Zhao Kang , Ma Cao , Tang Haiyu , Li Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI), which is due to cardiac dysfunction, results in morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the cellular activity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) generally limits their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of MI. Here, inject able hyaluronic acid‐chitosan/β‐glycerophosphate (HA–CS/β‐GP) hydrogel‐loaded MSCs are prepared, after which their effects on the treatment of MI are investigated. The synthesized HA–CS/β‐GP hydrogels exhibit swelling ratio, an in vitro degradation value, and a gelatin time of 82.19 ± 4.1, 88.18% ± 2.4%, and 9 s, respectively. Further, rheological studies revealed that the elastic modulus of the HA–CS/β‐GP hydrogels is ≥230 Pa, exhibiting large elastic to viscous modulus ratio, which indicates their mechanical strength. Furthermore, the in vitro 3T3 cell and MSC culture studies confirm the good biocompatibility of the HA–CS and HA–CS/β‐GP hydrogels. The implantation of the synthesized hydrogels in the mouse MI model considerably improves the therapeutic effect of the MSCs (enhanced cardiac function, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and increased vascularization) for the first time. The innovative synergistic strategy of combining injectable HA–CS and HA–CS/β‐GP hydro gels with MSCs may be suitable for the effective treatment of cardiac morbidity due to MIs.
Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing Samples with Desirable Thermal Conductivities Prepared by Incorporating Hybrid Hexagonal Boron Nitride(h‐BN) and Novel Process Strategy
Authors: Jiang Yixin , Li Jiaqi , Leng Jie , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, a high thermal conductivity (TC) sample is prepared by extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (AM). Polyurethane/polylactide (TPU/PLA) is chosen as the matrix material, and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) acts as the filler. Although the loading of h‐BN is fixed at 30 wt%, the TC values can shift from 0.63 to 1.80 W m K, which shows the importance of processing control. The influences of filler size, filler system, and process strategy are discussed systematically. This work provides some new ideas in preparing high TC polymer composite. The sample can be potentially utilized at some conditions which need rapid prototyping, good thermal conductivity, and good ductility.
Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosisInhA by 3‐nitropropanoic acid
Authors: Songsiriritthigul Chomphunuch , Hanwarinroj Chayanin , Pakamwong Bongkochawan , Srimanote Potjanee , Suttipanta Nitima , Sureram Sanya , Suttisintong Khomson , Kamsri Pharit , Punkvang Auradee , Spencer James , Kittakoop Prasat , Pungpo Pornpan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract3‐Nitropropanoic acid (3NP), a bioactive fungal natural product, was previously demonstrated to inhibit growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here we demonstrate that 3NP inhibits the 2‐trans‐enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an IC50 value of 71 μM, and present the crystal structure of the ternary InhA‐NAD+‐3NP complex. The complex contains the InhA substrate‐binding loop in an ordered, open conformation with Tyr158, a catalytically important residue whose orientation defines different InhA substrate/inhibitor complex conformations, in the “out” position. 3NP occupies a hydrophobic binding site adjacent to the NAD+ cofactor and close to that utilized by the diphenyl ether triclosan, but binds predominantly via electrostatic and water‐mediated hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the protein backbone and NAD+ cofactor. The identified mode of 3NP binding provides opportunities to improve inhibitory activity toward InhA.
A novel partially parameter‐free adaptive multivariate EWMA mean chart
Authors: Haq Abdul , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe run length performances of adaptive/nonadaptive multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) charts depend on the smoothing parameter. In this research, a new partially parameter‐free adaptive MEWMA (AMEWMA) chart, called the AMEWMA‐III chart, which does not contain any control chart parameter (except the control limit) is developed to monitor the mean vector of a process that follows a multivariate normal distribution. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to compute the run length characteristics of the MEWMA, AMEWMA‐I, AMEWMA‐II, and AMEWMA‐III charts. The AMEWMA‐III chart surpasses the MEWMA chart for small and moderate shifts whilst the latter with a larger smoothing parameter prevails over the former for large shifts. Additionally, the AMEWMA‐III chart outperforms the AMEWMA‐I and AMEWMA‐II charts for moderate‐to‐large shifts but for small‐to‐moderate shifts, all the AMEWMA charts have similar performances. Applications on two real datasets are given to illustrate the implementation of the AMEWMA‐III chart in comparison to the AMEWMA‐I and AMEWMA‐II charts.
Decentralized uniform finite‐time stabilization of large‐scale nonlinear networks by small‐gain theorems
Authors: Pavlichkov Svyatoslav , Pang Chee Khiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe solve the problem of decentralized uniform finite‐time stabilization for a large‐scale network of nonlinear systems in triangular form which are not feedback linearizable and whose input–output maps are not invertible. For this, we provide a new recursive design to satisfy the conditions of a certain modification of the small‐gain theorems for the case of the uniform finite‐time stability of large‐scale networks. In the general case, we consider the general triangular form systems whose input–output links are surjections only. In addition, we consider the special case of the triangular form systems with polynomial integrators, which is also needed as the first step of the proof of our main result. In the latter case, the design becomes constructive, the decentralized stabilizers can be designed explicitly, and this is demonstrated by examples.
Essential Practices for Engaging Young Children as Writers: Lessons from Expert Early Writing Teachers
Authors: Rowe Deborah Wells , Shimizu Amanda Yoshiko , Davis Zarabeth G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven the importance of early writing experiences, a key question is how educators can increase the amount and quality of writing in early childhood settings. Expert early writing teachers were observed to identify the types of activities and interactions they used to engage 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds as writers. Writing instruction occurred as part of meaningful activities related to class units of study and the children's play. Teachers wrote in front of and alongside children to provide live demonstrations of what, how, and why to write. They encouraged young children to participate as writers by inviting children to write, talking with them about their messages and texts, supporting idea development and print processes as needed, inviting children to read their print, and creating opportunities for children to share their writing with others. Teachers accepted and valued children's writing attempts, regardless of the types of marks produced.
Towards a Taxonomy of Impact Factors for Digital Platform Pricing
Authors: Springer Virginia , Petrik Dimitri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolving the chicken-or-egg problem and leveraging value contributing actors on the platform is crucial to establish dynamic platform-based ecosystems. A digital platform provider is challenged to manage multilateral platform architecture and governance mechanisms to establish an attractive platform-based ecosystem to foster third-party complementors to join. One of the key issues while establishing a platform-based ecosystem remains the decision about an adequate pricing model. Despite a large number of publications on platform governance, detailed pricing model analyses remain rare. In this explorative paper, we conduct a literature review, studying 62 relevant papers to explore the pricing impact factors to create a foundation for future research of price models in the under-researched setting of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The most relevant pricing factors and their distinctive characteristics are summed up in a multi-dimensional taxonomy. The developed taxonomy includes 13 impact factors and 38 characteristics of platform pricing. Our findings enable the decomposition and understanding of price models for their future improvement.
On the consistency of (partially-)massless matter couplings in de Sitter space
Authors: Sleight Charlotte , Taronna Massimo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the consistency of the cubic couplings of a (partially-)massless spinning field to two scalars in (d + 1)-dimensional de Sitter space. Gauge invariance of observables with external (partially)-massless spinning fields translates into Ward-Takahashi identities on the boundary. Using the Mellin-Barnes representation for boundary correlators in momentum space, we give a systematic study of Ward-Takahashi identities for tree-level 3- and 4-point processes involving a single external (partially-)massless field of arbitrary integer spin-J. 3-point Ward-Takahashi identities constrain the mass of the scalar fields to which a (partially-)massless spin-J field can couple. 4-point Ward-Takahashi identities then constrain the corresponding cubic couplings. For massless spinning fields, we show that Weinberg’s flat space results carry over to (d+1)-dimensional de Sitter space: for spins J = 1, 2 gauge-invariance implies charge-conservation and the equivalence principle while, assuming locality, higher-spins J > 2 cannot couple consistently to scalar matter. This result also applies to anti-de Sitter space. For partially-massless fields, restricting for simplicity to those of depth-2, we show that there is no consistent coupling to scalar matter in local theories. Along the way we also give a detailed account of how contact amplitudes with and without derivatives are represented in the Mellin-Barnes representation. Various new explicit expressions for 3- and 4-point functions involving (partially-)massless fields and conformally coupled scalars in dS4 are given.
The Hsp70–Hsp90 go-between Hop/Stip1/Sti1 is a proteostatic switch and may be a drug target in cancer and neurodegeneration
Authors: Bhattacharya Kaushik , Picard Didier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Hsp70 and Hsp90 molecular chaperone systems are critical regulators of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in eukaryotes under normal and stressed conditions. The Hsp70 and Hsp90 systems physically and functionally interact to ensure cellular proteostasis. Co-chaperones interact with Hsp70 and Hsp90 to regulate and to promote their molecular chaperone functions. Mammalian Hop, also called Stip1, and its budding yeast ortholog Sti1 are eukaryote-specific co-chaperones, which have been thought to be essential for substrate (“client”) transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90. Substrate transfer is facilitated by the ability of Hop to interact simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 as part of a ternary complex. Intriguingly, in prokaryotes, which lack a Hop ortholog, the Hsp70 and Hsp90 orthologs interact directly. Recent evidence shows that eukaryotic Hsp70 and Hsp90 can also form a prokaryote-like binary chaperone complex in the absence of Hop, and that this binary complex displays enhanced protein folding and anti-aggregation activities. The canonical Hsp70-Hop-Hsp90 ternary chaperone complex is essential for optimal maturation and stability of a small subset of clients, including the glucocorticoid receptor, the tyrosine kinase v-Src, and the 26S/30S proteasome. Whereas many cancers have increased levels of Hop, the levels of Hop decrease in the aging human brain. Since Hop is not essential in all eukaryotic cells and organisms, tuning Hop levels or activity might be beneficial for the treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration.
Urinary metabolite profiling and risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy in 2670 individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mutter Stefan , Valo Erkka , Aittomäki Viljami , Nybo Kristian , Raivonen Lassi , Thorn Lena M. , Forsblom Carol , Sandholm Niina , Würtz Peter , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
This prospective, observational study examines associations between 51 urinary metabolites and risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes by employing an automated NMR metabolomics technique suitable for large-scale urine sample collections.

Methods
We collected 24-h urine samples for 2670 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy study and measured metabolite concentrations by NMR. Individuals were followed up for 9.0 ± 5.0 years until their first sign of progression of diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease or study end. Cox regressions were performed on the entire study population (overall progression), on 1999 individuals with normoalbuminuria and 347 individuals with macroalbuminuria at baseline.

Results
Seven urinary metabolites were associated with overall progression after adjustment for baseline albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stage (p < 8 × 10−4): leucine (HR 1.47 [95% CI 1.30, 1.66] per 1-SD creatinine-scaled metabolite concentration), valine (1.38 [1.22, 1.56]), isoleucine (1.33 [1.18, 1.50]), pseudouridine (1.25 [1.11, 1.42]), threonine (1.27 [1.11, 1.46]) and citrate (0.84 [0.75, 0.93]). 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate was associated with overall progression (1.30 [1.16, 1.45]) and also progression from normoalbuminuria (1.56 [1.25, 1.95]). Six amino acids and pyroglutamate were associated with progression from macroalbuminuria.

Conclusions/interpretation
Branched-chain amino acids and other urinary metabolites were associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy on top of baseline albuminuria and chronic kidney disease. We found differences in associations for overall progression and progression from normo- and macroalbuminuria. These novel discoveries illustrate the utility of analysing urinary metabolites in entire population cohorts.

Graphical abstract
Environmental cycles and individual variation in the vertical movements of a benthic elasmobranch
Authors: Lavender Edward , Aleynik Dmitry , Dodd Jane , Illian Janine , James Mark , Wright Peter J. , Smout Sophie , Thorburn James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrends in depth and vertical activity reflect the behaviour, habitat use and habitat preferences of marine organisms. However, among elasmobranchs, research has focused heavily on pelagic sharks, while the vertical movements of benthic elasmobranchs, such as skate (Rajidae), remain understudied. In this study, the vertical movements of the Critically Endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) were investigated using archival depth data collected at 2 min intervals from 21 individuals off the west coast of Scotland (56.5°N, −5.5°W) in 2016–17. Depth records comprised nearly four million observations and included eight time series longer than 1 year, forming one of the most comprehensive datasets collected on the movement of any skate to date. Additive modelling and functional data analysis were used to investigate vertical movements in relation to environmental cycles and individual characteristics. Vertical movements were dominated by individual variation but included prolonged periods of limited activity and more extensive movements that were associated with tidal, diel, lunar and seasonal cycles. Diel patterns were strongest, with irregular but frequent movements into shallower water at night, especially in autumn and winter. This research strengthens the evidence for vertical movements in relation to environmental cycles in benthic species and demonstrates a widely applicable flexible regression framework for movement research that recognises the importance of both individual-specific and group-level variation.
Localisation of cryptochrome 2 in the avian retina
Authors: Einwich Angelika , Seth Pranav Kumar , Bartölke Rabea , Bolte Petra , Feederle Regina , Dedek Karin , Mouritsen Henrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCryptochromes are photolyase-related blue-light receptors acting as core components of the mammalian circadian clock in the cell nuclei. One or more members of the cryptochrome protein family are also assumed to play a role in avian magnetoreception, but the primary sensory molecule in the retina of migratory birds that mediates light-dependent magnetic compass orientation has still not been identified. The mRNA of cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) has been reported to be located in the cell nuclei of the retina, but Cry2 localisation has not yet been demonstrated at the protein level. Here, we provide evidence that Cry2 protein is located in the photoreceptor inner segments, the outer nuclear layer, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer in the retina of night-migratory European robins, homing pigeons and domestic chickens. At the subcellular level, we find Cry2 both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells residing in these layers. This broad nucleic expression rather points to a role for avian Cry2 in the circadian clock and is consistent with a function as a transcription factor, analogous to mammalian Cry2, and speaks against an involvement in magnetoreception.
From peridotite to fuchsite bearing quartzite via carbonation and weathering: with implications for the Pb budget of continental crust
Authors: Austrheim Håkon , Corfu Fernando , Renggli Christian J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtensive carbonation of peridotite results in listvenite, a rock composed of magnesite and quartz. At Gråberget, Røros, SE-Norway, a variably serpentinized peridotite body, surrounded by the Røros schists, a former abyssal sediment displays all stages of transformation of peridotite to quartzite. In this paper we record the sequence of steps in this process by combining the observation of mineral assemblages, textural relationships and geochemistry, and variations in Pb isotopic compositions. Initial serpentinization, a stage that also involved an enrichment in fluid-mobile elements (Pb, Sb and As), was followed by carbonation through CO2 fluids that formed soapstone, and eventually listvenite. The listvenite grades by decreasing amounts of carbonates into fuchsite bearing quartzite. The carbonates dissolved during supergene alteration and formed pores coated with oxides of Fe, Mn and Ni resulting in a brown rock color. The quartzite displays porous stylolites enriched in Pb, As and Sb and fuchsite with porous chromite grains as the only relicts of the original mineralogy in the peridotite. The dissolution of the carbonate occurred at oxidizing conditions at temperatures below 150 °C, where the solubility of magnesite is higher than that of quartz. Formation of quartzite from peridotite is supported by low REE contents and lack of zircons in the two rock types. The transformation involved enrichment of Pb, coupled with the elimination of Mg and enrichment of Si. This chemical fractionation and selective transfer of elements to the continents is an important mechanism and needs to be taken into account in models of continental evolution.
Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review
Authors: Söderling Eva , Pienihäkkinen Kaisu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing the effects of xylitol consumption on the amount of dental plaque.

Materials and methods
Electronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical studies concerning the effects of xylitol chewing gum or candies on dental plaque. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials published between 1971 and 2020 conducted in healthy subjects were included in the review.

Results
The initial search identified 424 xylitol articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, altogether 14 articles (16 studies) were reviewed. The review identified 12 of the total of 14 xylitol chewing gum studies as having fair or high quality. In 13 of the 14 chewing gum studies, xylitol gum decreased plaque accumulation. In six studies, xylitol gum chewing decreased plaque compared to sorbitol gum, and in three studies compared to gum base/no gum. In three fair-quality studies conducted with xylitol candies, plaque accumulation did not change.

Conclusions
Habitual xylitol gum chewing appears to show plaque-reducing effects that differ from those of sorbitol gum. This suggests specific effects for xylitol on plaque accumulation. Xylitol candies appear not to decrease plaque. The heterogeneity of the studies warrants further research.

Clinical relevance
Habitual xylitol gum chewing is likely to decrease plaque.
The management of ADHD in children and adolescents: bringing evidence to the clinic: perspective from the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG)
Authors: Coghill David , Banaschewski Tobias , Cortese Samuele , Asherson Philip , Brandeis Daniel , Buitelaar Jan , Daley David , Danckaerts Marina , Dittmann Ralf W. , Doepfner Manfred , Ferrin Maite , Hollis Chris , Holtmann Martin , Paramala Santosh , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Soutullo César , Steinhausen Hans-Christoph , Van der Oord Saskia , Wong Ian C K , Zuddas Alessandro , Simonoff Emily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractADHD is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder presenting to child and adolescent mental health, paediatric, and primary care services. Timely and effective interventions to address core ADHD symptoms and co-occurring problems are a high priority for healthcare and society more widely. While much research has reported on the benefits and adverse effects of different interventions for ADHD, these individual research reports and the reviews, meta-analyses and guidelines summarizing their findings are sometimes inconsistent and difficult to interpret. We have summarized the current evidence and identified several methodological issues and gaps in the current evidence that we believe are important for clinicians to consider when evaluating the evidence and making treatment decisions. These include understanding potential impact of bias such as inadequate blinding and selection bias on study outcomes; the relative lack of high-quality data comparing different treatments and assessing long-term effectiveness, adverse effects and safety for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments; and the problems associated with observational studies, including those based on large national registries and comparing treatments with each other. We highlight key similarities across current international clinical guidelines and discuss the reasons for divergence where these occur. We discuss the integration of these different perspective into a framework for person/family-centered evidence-based practice approach to care that aims to achieve optimal outcomes that prioritize individual strengths and impairments, as well as the personal treatment targets of children and their families. Finally, we consider how access to care for this common and impairing disorder can be improved in different healthcare systems.