bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver involvement in managing medications among older adults with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: O'Conor Rachel , Eifler Morgan , Russell Andrea M. , Opsasnick Lauren , Arvanitis Marina , Pack Allison , Curtis Laura , Benavente Julia Yoshino , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to characterize caregiver medication assistance for older adults with multiple chronic conditions.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews.SettingCommunity and academic‐affiliated primary care practices.ParticipantsA total of 25 caregivers to older adults participating in an ongoing cohort study with ≥3 chronic conditions.MeasurementsA semi‐structured interview guide, informed by the Medication Self‐Management model, aimed to understand health‐related and medication‐specific assistance caregivers provided.ResultsThree typologies of caregiver assistance with medications emerged: Actively Involved, Peripherally Involved, and Not Involved. A total of 10 caregivers were Actively Involved, which was defined as when the caregiver perceived a need for and offered assistance, and the patient accepted the assistance. Peripherally Involved (n = 6) was defined as when the caregiver perceived a need and offered assistance; however, the patient rejected this assistance, yet relied on the caregiver as a backup in managing his or her medications. To combat resistance from the patient, caregivers in this typology disguised assistance and deployed workaround strategies to monitor medication‐taking behaviors to ensure safety. Lastly, nine caregivers were classified as Not Involved, defined as when the caregiver did not perceive a need to offer assistance with medications, and the patient managed his or her medicines independently. A strong preference toward autonomy in medication management was shared across all three typologies.ConclusionThese findings suggest that caregivers value independent medication management by their care recipient, up until safety is seriously questioned. Clinicians should not assume caregivers are actively and consistently involved in older adults' medication management; instead, they should initiate conversations with patients and caregivers to better understand and facilitate co‐management responsibilities, especially among those whose assistance is rejected by older adults.
Botulinum toxin type‐A versus 5‐fluorouracil in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: Comparative study
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Samir Mai A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term remission and total clearance in Psoriasis can only be achieved in a few patients.AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of intradermal Botulinum toxin (BTX) in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.Subjects and methodsA comparative study conducted in thirty‐five patients with chronic plaque psoriasis was treated by split‐body therapy. The patients were either treated with intradermal BTX or with intralesional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) to each of 2 bilaterally symmetrical psoriatic plaque lesions. The outcomes were assessed using the following criteria: the sum of erythema, scaling, and induration scores and the clearing percentage of the target plaque lesion assessed by 2 blinded observers.ResultsAt the end of the study, the response rate was 85% on the BTX treatment side and 90% on the 5‐FU side. There was no significant difference between both sides regarding a clinical response or side effects. The recurrence rate was 15% on both sides.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin was a novel, safe, single injection, and effective therapy for plaque‐type psoriasis. More studies are required to further prove the efficacy of BTX in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
Liquidity measurement: A comparative review of the literature with a focus on high frequency
Authors: Cobandag Guloglu Zeynep , Ekinci Cumhur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an exhaustive review and categorization of market liquidity measures that are used to quantify liquidity in empirical research. We review and discuss these measures in a comparative manner in terms of market, data features, computational ease, predictiveness, and potentiality. With a primary focus on high‐frequency liquidity measurement, we highlight their advantages, limitations, and extensions. We conclude that high‐frequency measures concentrate around bid–ask spread and limit order book, the latter offering a richer ground for analysis. Moreover, considering the recent developments in the industry such as market fragmentation, abundance of data, and improved technology, the practicality of these measures are challenged.
Shame On You! Unpacking the Individual and Organizational Implications of Engaging with a Stigmatized Organization
Authors: Kvåle Gro , Murdoch Zuzana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow and when does engagement with a stigmatized organization lead to the transfer of its stigma to organizations and individuals associating with it? To answer this question, we conduct an inductive study of the process of stigma transfer and the conditions determining social actors’ susceptibility to such courtesy stigma. We build our process model using interview and archival data on two art exhibitions engaging with Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) Norway. Our study identifies purposeful shaming as a key element in the stigma transfer process, and shows that shaming attempts take on different forms at the individual and organizational levels. We also illustrate that contestation of shaming attempts through impression management tactics is conditional upon the status of the stigma ‘target’. This provides novel insights into when and how status moderates the stigma transfer process.
Imaging findings in 14 dogs and 3 cats with lobar emphysema
Authors: Warwick Harry , Guillem James , Batchelor Daniel , Schwarz Tobias , Liuti Tiziana , Griffin Sally , Keenihan Erin , Theron Marie‐Laure , Specchi Swan , Lacava Giuseppe , Mortier Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLobar emphysema in dogs and cats is caused by bronchial collapse during expiration and subsequent air trapping. Congenital causes such as bronchial cartilage defects or acquired causes such as compressive neoplastic lesions have been reported. Morbidity results from hyperinflation of the affected lung lobe and compression of adjacent thoracic structures.ObjectiveTo describe patient characteristics and imaging findings in dogs and cats with lobar emphysema.AnimalsFourteen dogs and 3 cats with lobar emphysema diagnosed by imaging findings were retrospectively identified from veterinary referral hospital populations over a 10‐year period.MethodsCases that included thoracic radiography, thoracic computed tomography (CT), or both were included. All images were reviewed by a European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging diplomate. Relevant case information included signalment, clinical findings, treatment, and histopathology where available.ResultsTen of 17 (59%) patients were presented for evaluation of dyspnea and 6 (35%) for coughing. Eleven (65%) patients were <3 years of age. The right middle lung lobe was affected in 12 cases (71%) and multiple lobes were affected in 7 cases (41%). Congenital lobar emphysema was suspected in 14 cases (82%).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceLung lobe hyperinflation, atelectasis of nonaffected lung lobes, mediastinal shift, and thoracic wall and diaphragmatic wall deformation were common findings. Lobar or multilobar emphysema should be considered in patients with dyspnea or coughing, particularly younger patients. Although radiography is useful, CT provides better detail. In older patients, acquired causes of bronchial compression should be considered.
Genomic inference of contemporary effective population size in a large island population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis)
Authors: Nadachowska‐Brzyska Krystyna , Dutoit Ludovic , Smeds Linnéa , Kardos Martin , Gustafsson Lars , Ellegren Hans 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to its central importance to many aspects of evolutionary biology and population genetics, the long‐term effective population size (Ne) has been estimated for numerous species and populations. However, estimating contemporary Ne is difficult and in practice this parameter is often unknown. In principle, contemporary Ne can be estimated using either analyses of temporal changes in allele frequencies, or the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between unlinked markers. We applied these approaches to estimate contemporary Ne of a relatively recently founded island population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis). We sequenced the genomes of 85 birds sampled in 1993 and 2015, and applied several temporal methods to estimate Ne at a few thousand (4000–7000). The approach based on LD provided higher estimates of Ne (20,000–32,000) and was associated with high variance, often resulting in infinite Ne. We conclude that whole‐genome sequencing data offers new possibilities to estimate high (>1000) contemporary Ne, but also note that such estimates remain challenging, in particular for LD‐based methods for contemporary Ne estimation.
Selective nuclear export of mRNAs is promoted by DRBD18 in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Mishra Amartya , Kaur Jan Naseer , McSkimming Daniel I. , Hegedűsová Eva , Dubey Ashutosh P. , Ciganda Martin , Paris Zdeněk , Read Laurie K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKinetoplastids, including Trypanosoma brucei, control gene expression primarily at the posttranscriptional level. Nuclear mRNA export is an important, but understudied, step in this process. The general heterodimeric export factors, Mex67/Mtr2, function in the export of mRNAs and tRNAs in T. brucei, but RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate export processes by controlling the dynamics of Mex67/Mtr2 ribonucleoprotein formation or transport have not been identified. Here, we report that DRBD18, an essential and abundant T. brucei RBP, associates with Mex67/Mtr2 in vivo, likely through its direct interaction with Mtr2. DRBD18 downregulation results in partial accumulation of poly(A)+ mRNA in the nucleus, but has no effect on the localization of intron‐containing or mature tRNAs. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes from whole‐cell and cytosol in DRBD18 knockdown parasites demonstrates that depletion of DRBD18 leads to impairment of nuclear export of a subset of mRNAs. CLIP experiments reveal the association of DRBD18 with several of these mRNAs. Moreover, DRBD18 knockdown leads to a partial accumulation of the Mex67/Mtr2 export receptors in the nucleus. Taken together, the current study supports a model in which DRBD18 regulates the selective nuclear export of mRNAs by promoting the mobilization of export competent mRNPs to the cytosol through the nuclear pore complex.
Measuring family‐centred care practices in adult intensive care units: The EMPATHIC‐F questionnaire
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ruiz Emilio , Campelo‐Izquierdo Maitane , Mansilla Rodríguez Montserrat , Estany‐Gestal Ana , Blanco Hortas Andrés , Rodríguez‐Calvo María Sol , Rodríguez‐Núñez Antonio , Latour Jos M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEngaging relatives in the care of critically ill patients is associated with better outcomes. It is crucial to empower relatives to provide feedback. Valid satisfaction instruments are essential to identify best practices and areas for improvement.AimThe aim of the study was to adapt the Spanish version of the EMpowerment of PArents in The Intensive Care‐30 (EMPATHIC‐30) questionnaire in adult intensive care units (ICUs) and psychometrically test the EMpowerment of PAtients in The Intensive Care‐Family (EMPATHIC‐F) questionnaire to measure family satisfaction.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional, prospective study conducted in two adult ICUs. Participants were relatives of patients who were discharged alive from the ICUs with an ICU length‐of‐stay >24 hours. The EMPATHIC‐F questionnaire is divided into five domains that are related to the family‐centred care principles. Responses are provided on a 6‐point ordinal Likert scale, a score of >5 is considered acceptable.ResultsPatients' relatives confirmed the adaptation of the instrument. A total of 262 relatives responded to the EMPATHIC‐F questionnaire (97% response rate). The empirical structure of the instrument was established by confirmatory factor analysis confirming 30 statements within five theoretically conceptualized domains: information, care and treatment, family participation, organization, and professional attitude. On item level, two statements scored a mean below 5.0. Cronbach's α at the domain level was between .64 and .75. Congruent validity was adequate between the five domains and four general satisfaction items (r's .26‐.54). The non‐differential validity was confirmed with no significant effect size between three patients' demographic characteristics and the domains.ConclusionsThe EMPATHIC‐F questionnaire is a reliable and valid quality performance indicator to measure the perceptions of family members in adult ICU settings.Relevance to clinical practiceThe EMPATHIC‐F questionnaire can be used to benchmark and provides a framework for standardized quality improvement towards the development of a family‐centred care philosophy within adult ICUs.
A putative anti‐inflammatory role for TRPM8 in irritable bowel syndrome—An exploratory study
Authors: Peiris Madusha , Weerts Zsa Zsa R. M. , Aktar Rubina , Masclee Ad A. M. , Blackshaw Ashley , Keszthelyi Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic and recurring pain is a characteristic symptom in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Altered signaling between immune cells and sensory neurons within the gut may promote generation of pain symptoms. As transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) agonists, such as L‐menthol in peppermint oil, have shown to attenuate IBS pain symptoms, we began investigating potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsColonic biopsy tissues were collected from patients with IBS and controls, in two separate cohorts. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify TRPM8 localization. Quantitative PCR was performed to measure mucosal mRNA levels of TRPM8. In addition, functional experiments with the TRPM8 agonist icilin were performed ex vivo to examine cytokine release from biopsies. Daily diaries were collected to ascertain pain symptoms.ResultsIn biopsy tissue from IBS patients, we showed that TRPM8 immunoreactivity is colocalized with immune cells predominantly of the dendritic cell lineage, in close approximation to nerve endings, and TRPM8 protein and mRNA expression was increased in IBS patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). TRPM8 mRNA expression showed a significant positive association with abdominal pain scores (p = 0.015). Treatment of IBS patient biopsies with icilin reduced release of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α (p < 0.05).Conclusions and inferencesThese data indicate TRPM8 may have important anti‐inflammatory properties and by this virtue can impact neuro‐immune disease mechanisms in IBS.
COVID‐19–related personal product shortages are associated with psychological distress in people living with gastrointestinal disorders: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Skvarc David , van Tilburg Miranda A. L. , Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel , Bennebroek Evertsz Floor , Bernstein Charles N. , Burisch Johan , Ferreira Nuno , Gearry Richard B. , Graff Lesley A. , Jedel Sharon , Mokrowiecka Anna , Stengel Andreas , Knowles Simon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe mental health response to the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic–related product shortages in those living with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders has received little attention. We aimed to explore the association between the pandemic‐related product shortages and psychological distress in people with GI disorders.MethodsThis online cross‐sectional survey was nested within an ongoing, international, prospective study of well‐being in people with GI disorders. The study was advertised in multiple countries in May‐September 2020 via patient organizations and social media. The primary outcome measure was distress, evaluated by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. We utilized linear regressions, adjusting for covariates and testing individual moderation effects.Key ResultsOverall, 831 people completed the survey from 27 countries, of whom 82% were female (mean age = 49 years). The most common disorders included inflammatory bowel disease (n = 322), celiac disease (n = 273), and irritable bowel syndrome (n = 260). Significant problems accessing food were reported by 19.8%, non‐medical therapies by 16%, toilet paper by 10.8%, and essential medication by 8.9% of the sample (>5% pain medication). There was a positive association between toilet paper and pain medication shortages and distress, and a negative association between food shortages and distress. Significant moderation effects were identified for COVID‐19 prevalence and toilet paper and food shortages, and between COVID‐19 fear and pain medication shortages.Conclusions and InferencesThe study documented a significant relationship between product shortages and psychological distress, which were associated with COVID‐19 prevalence and fear. Strategies addressing COVID‐19 fear could potentially modify the relationship between shortages and distress.
The Intestinal Gas Questionnaire (IGQ): Psychometric validation of a new instrument for measuring gas‐related symptoms and their impact on daily life among general population and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Duracinsky Martin , Archbold Sharon , Lobo Beatriz , Bessonneau Pascal , Thonon Frédérique , Santos Javier , Guagnozzi Danila , Payakachat Nalin , Coffin Benoit , Azpiroz Fernando , Whorwell Peter J. , Chassany Olivier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGas‐related symptoms (GRS) are common in the general population (GPop) and among patients with disorders of gut‐brain interactions but there is no patient‐reported outcome evaluating these symptoms and their impact on daily life. We have previously developed a 43‐item intestinal gas questionnaire (IGQ). The aim of the present study is to perform a psychometric validation of this instrument.MethodsParticipants (119 from the GPop and 186 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients) were recruited from 3 countries (UK, Spain, France). IBS patients fulfilled ROME IV criteria with an IBS severity score between 150 and 300. Participants completed the IGQ, the functional Digestive Disorders Quality of Life (FDDQL), and the EQ‐5D. A subgroup (n = 90) repeated the IGQ completion after 7 days on paper or electronically.ResultsFrom the original IGQ questionnaire, 26 items were deleted because of poor performance. Confirmatory factorial analysis on the remaining 17 items (7 symptom and 10 impact items) yielded a 6‐factor structure accounting for 67% of the variance for bloating (6 items), flatulence (3), belching (2), bad breath (2), stomach rumbling (2), and difficult gas evacuation (2). Global score (0‐100) was worse among IBS vs GPop (40 ± 15 vs 33 ± 17; p = 0.0016). At the second visit, the intraclass correlation coefficient of IGQ scores was between 0.71 and 0.86 (n = 67) for test‐retest reliability and 0.61‐0.87 (n = 64) for equivalence between electronic and paper versions of IGQ.ConclusionThe IGQ available in paper and electronic versions in 3 languages is a robust instrument for capturing and measuring GRS and their impact on daily life.
Motor behavior of mouse large intestine: A Minireview
Authors: Wood Jackie Dale 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMice with a recessive gene which reduces the number of ganglion cells of the distal colon and rectum and produces megacolon, imitating Hirschsprung disease, are discussed as a model for integrative control of the large intestinal smooth musculature by the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system (ie, the brain‐in‐the‐gut). Investigative approaches, such as propulsion of artificial pellets in preparations of whole colon in organ baths in vitro and innovative approaches capitalizing on neurogenetic technologies (eg, optogenetics), are considered in view of potential application in the development of novel therapeutic mechanisms to selectively evoke and control gastrointestinal motility patterns, such as the small intestinal digestive motility pattern, interdigestive pattern, and reversed direction of powerful propulsive motility during emesis. This minireview relates to the paper titled: “Motor patterns in the proximal and distal mouse colon which underlie formation and propulsion of feces,” appearing in this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.
Acankoreagenin and acankoreosides, a family of lupane triterpenoids with anti‐inflammatory properties: an overview
Authors: Bailly Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcankoreagenin (ACK, also known as acankoreanogenin and HLEDA) and impressic acid are two lupane‐type triterpenes that can be isolated from various Acanthopanax and Schefflera species. They efficiently block activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and/or the action of inflammation mediators (HMGB1, iNOS, and NO). These effects are the basis for the antiviral and anticancer activities reported with these pentacyclic compounds or their various glycoside derivatives. More than 15 acankoreosides (Ack‐A to ‐O, and ‐R) and a few other mono‐ and bidesmosidic saponins (acantrifoside A and acangraciliside S) derive from the ACK aglycone. Compounds like Ack‐A and ‐B are remarkable anti‐inflammatory agents, inhibiting cytokine release from activated macrophages. Despite their effectiveness, ACK and impressic acid are far much less known and studied than the structurally related compounds betulinic acid and 23‐hydroxybetulinic acid (anemosapogenin). The structural differences (notably the R/S stereoisomerism of the 3‐hydroxyl group) and functional similarities of these compounds are discussed. The complete series of acankoreosides is presented for the first time. These natural products deserve further attention as anti‐inflammatory agents, and ACK is recommended as a template for the design of new anticancer and antiviral drugs.
Clinical applicability of automated cephalometric landmark identification: Part II – Number of images needed to re‐learn various quality of images
Authors: Tanikawa Chihiro , Oka Ayaka , Lim Jaeyoen , Lee Chonho , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the number of cephalograms needed to re‐learn for different quality images, when artificial intelligence (AI) systems are introduced in a clinic.Settings and sample populationA total of 2385 digital lateral cephalograms (University data [1785]; Clinic F [300]; Clinic N [300]) were used. Using data from the university and clinics F and N, and combined data from clinics F and N, 50 cephalograms were randomly selected to test the system's performance (Test‐data O, F, N, FN).Materials and methodsTo examine the recognition ability of landmark positions of the AI system developed in Part I (Original System) for other clinical data, test data F, N and FN were applied to the original system, and success rates were calculated. Then, to determine the approximate number of cephalograms needed to re‐learn for different quality images, 85 and 170 cephalograms were randomly selected from each group and used for the re‐learning (F85, F170, N85, N170, FN85 and FN170) of the original system. To estimate the number of cephalograms needed for re‐learning, we examined the changes in the success rate of the re‐trained systems and compared them with the original system. Re‐trained systems F85 and F170 were evaluated with test data F, N85 and N170 from test data N, and FN85 and FN170 from test data FN.ResultsFor systems using F, N and FN, it was determined that 85, 170 and 85 cephalograms, respectively, were required for re‐learning.ConclusionsThe number of cephalograms needed to re‐learn for images of different quality was estimated.