bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attribution of the spatial heterogeneity of Arctic surface albedo feedback to the dynamics of vegetation, snow and soil properties and their interactions
Authors: Yu Linfei , Leng Guoyong , Python Andre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Arctic warming rate is triple the global average, which is partially caused by surface albedo feedback (SAF). Understanding the varying pattern of SAF and the mechanisms is therefore critical for predicting future Arctic climate under anthropogenic warming. To date, however, how the spatial pattern of seasonal SAF is influenced by various land surface factors remains unclear. Here, we aim to quantify the strengths of seasonal SAF across the Arctic and to attribute its spatial heterogeneity to the dynamics of vegetation, snow and soil as well as their interactions. The results show a large positive SAF above −5% K−1 across Baffin Island in January and eastern Yakutia in June, while a large negative SAF beyond 5% K−1 is observed in Canada, Chukotka and low latitudes of Greenland in January and Nunavut, Baffin Island and Krasnoyarsk Krai in July. Overall, a great spatial heterogeneity of Arctic land warming induced by positive SAF is found with a coefficient of variation (CV) larger than 61.5%, and the largest spatial difference is detected in wintertime with a CV > 643.9%. Based on the optimal parameter-based geographic detector model, the impacts of snow cover fraction (SCF), land cover type (LC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil water content (SW), soil substrate chemistry (SC) and soil type (ST) on the spatial pattern of positive SAF are quantified. The rank of determinant power is SCF > LC > NDVI > SW > SC > ST, which indicates that the spatial patterns of snow cover, land cover and vegetation coverage dominate the spatial heterogeneity of positive SAF in the Arctic. The interactions between SCF, LC and SW exert further influences on the spatial pattern of positive SAF in March, June and July. This work could provide a deeper understanding of how various land factors contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of Arctic land warming at the annual cycle.
The boundary integral equation for curved solid/liquid interfaces propagating into a binary liquid with convection
Authors: Titova E A , Alexandrov D V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The boundary integral method is developed for unsteady solid/liquid interfaces propagating into undercooled binary liquids with convection. A single integrodifferential equation for the interface function is derived using the Green function technique. In the limiting cases, the obtained unsteady convective boundary integral equation transforms into a previously developed theory. This integral is simplified for the steady-state growth in arbitrary curvilinear coordinates when the solid/liquid interface is isothermal (isoconcentration). Finally, we evaluate the boundary integral for a binary melt with a forced flow and analyze how the melt undercooling depends on Péclet and Reynolds numbers.
The two-step process of ovarian follicular growth and maturation in mammals can be compared to a fruit ripening where quality depends on the second step
Authors: Sirard Marc-André 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn human in vitro fertilization, the main uncertainty factor impacting on success is oocyte quality, which largely depends on the follicular status at the time of collection. Decades of debate ensued to find the perfect stimulation protocol demonstrated the complexity of the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins and the dynamic nature of late folliculogenesis. Although several follicular markers, proteins, RNA from granulosa cells or microRNA, and follicular fluid metabolites have been associated with outcome, the possibility to influence them during stimulation remains elusive. The heterogeneity of the follicle’s maturity following control ovarian stimulation is also an important factor to explain average poor oocyte quality still observed today. In this review, the analogy between the apple ripening on the tree and follicular development is presented to focus the attention on a biphasic process: growth and differentiation. The molecular analysis of the progressive follicular differentiation indicates two competing phenomena: growth and differentiation, where a delicate balance must operate from one to the other to ensure proper maturity at ovulation. As long as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates growth, follicles remain green, and it is only when FSH is replaced by luteinizing hormone that the ripening process begins, and “apples” become red. Both fruits, follicles and apples, depend on a perfect timing of events to generate offspring.
Spatial dispositions in English instrumental consort music, c.1575–1650: a further examination
Authors: Rastall Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Musical sources in table format show the various dispositions of performers around the table prescribed by composers, scribes and printers. Examination of the instrumental printed sources and the textless manuscript sources shows that a majority conform to three principles that foster aural clarity and good ensemble. Previous work indicated that the music itself, whether transmitted in table format or in partbooks, was sometimes composed with such dispositions in mind. Seating arrangements that embody the three principles are therefore advantageous in private performance and rehearsal; and for performance before an audience, with performers ranged in an arc rather than in a circle, suitable modification can achieve similar results.
A C1-virtual element method of high order for the Brinkman equations in stream function formulation with pressure recovery
Authors: Mora David , Reales Carlos , Silgado Alberth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and analyze a $C^1$-virtual element method of high order to solve the Brinkman problem formulated in terms of the stream function. The velocity is obtained as a simple post-process from stream function and a novel strategy is written to recover the fluid pressure. We establish optimal a priori error estimates for the stream function, velocity and pressure with constants independent of the viscosity. Finally, we report some numerical test illustrating the behavior of the virtual scheme and supporting our theoretical results on different families of polygonal meshes.
Clinical and microbiological outcomes, by causative pathogen, in the ASPECT-NP randomized, controlled, Phase 3 trial comparing ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem for treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Timsit Jean-François , Kollef Marin H. , Wunderink Richard G. , Shime Nobuaki , Nováček Martin , Kivistik Ülo , Réa-Neto Álvaro , Bruno Christopher J. , Huntington Jennifer A. , Lin Gina , Jensen Erin H. , Motyl Mary , Yu Brian , Gates Davis , Butterton Joan R. , Rhee Elizabeth G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In the ASPECT-NP trial, ceftolozane/tazobactam was non-inferior to meropenem for treating nosocomial pneumonia; efficacy outcomes by causative pathogen were to be evaluated.

Methods
Mechanically ventilated participants with hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia were randomized to 3 g ceftolozane/tazobactam (2 g ceftolozane/1 g tazobactam) q8h or 1 g meropenem q8h. Lower respiratory tract (LRT) cultures were obtained ≤36 h before first dose; pathogen identification and susceptibility were confirmed at a central laboratory. Prospective secondary per-pathogen endpoints included 28 day all-cause mortality (ACM), and clinical and microbiological response at test of cure (7–14 days after the end of therapy) in the microbiological ITT (mITT) population.

Results
The mITT population comprised 511 participants (264 ceftolozane/tazobactam, 247 meropenem). Baseline LRT pathogens included Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.0%) and Escherichia coli (18.2%). Among baseline Enterobacterales isolates, 171/456 (37.5%) were ESBL positive. For Gram-negative baseline LRT pathogens, susceptibility rates were 87.0% for ceftolozane/tazobactam and 93.3% for meropenem. For Gram-negative pathogens, 28 day ACM [52/259 (20.1%) and 62/240 (25.8%)], clinical cure rates [157/259 (60.6%) and 137/240 (57.1%)] and microbiological eradication rates [189/259 (73.0%) and 163/240 (67.9%)] were comparable with ceftolozane/tazobactam and meropenem, respectively. Per-pathogen microbiological eradication for Enterobacterales [145/195 (74.4%) and 129/185 (69.7%); 95% CI: −4.37 to 13.58], ESBL-producing Enterobacterales [56/84 (66.7%) and 52/73 (71.2%); 95% CI: −18.56 to 9.93] and P. aeruginosa [47/63 (74.6%) and 41/65 (63.1%); 95% CI: −4.51 to 19.38], respectively, were also comparable.

Conclusions
In mechanically ventilated participants with nosocomial pneumonia owing to Gram-negative pathogens, ceftolozane/tazobactam was comparable with meropenem for per-pathogen 28 day ACM and clinical and microbiological response.
A web-based tool for automatically linking clinical trials to their publications
Authors: Smalheiser Neil R , Holt Arthur W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Evidence synthesis teams, physicians, policy makers, and patients and their families all have an interest in following the outcomes of clinical trials and would benefit from being able to evaluate both the results posted in trial registries and in the publications that arise from them. Manual searching for publications arising from a given trial is a laborious and uncertain process. We sought to create a statistical model to automatically identify PubMed articles likely to report clinical outcome results from each registered trial in ClinicalTrials.gov.

Materials and Methods
A machine learning-based model was trained on pairs (publications known to be linked to specific registered trials). Multiple features were constructed based on the degree of matching between the PubMed article metadata and specific fields of the trial registry, as well as matching with the set of publications already known to be linked to that trial.

Results
Evaluation of the model using known linked articles as gold standard showed that they tend to be top ranked (median best rank = 1.0), and 91% of them are ranked in the top 10.

Discussion
Based on this model, we have created a free, public web-based tool that, given any registered trial in ClinicalTrials.gov, presents a ranked list of the PubMed articles in order of estimated probability that they report clinical outcome data from that trial. The tool should greatly facilitate studies of trial outcome results and their relation to the original trial designs.
Memes, Memes, Everywhere, nor Any Meme to Trust: Examining the Credibility and Persuasiveness of COVID-19-Related Memes
Authors: Wasike Ben 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study used an experimental design to examine the credibility and persuasiveness of COVID-19-related Internet memes. The study used a random sample of U.S. social media users (N = 1,200) with source credibility as the theoretical framework. Results indicate that memes with expert source attribution are more credible than those with nonexpert source attribution. The same applies to the persuasiveness of the memes. Memes with an objective message tone are also more credible and persuasive than those with a subjective message tone. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the credibility of a meme and its persuasiveness. Age correlates inversely with persuasion and pro-mask/vaccine memes are more credible and persuasive than anti-mask/vaccines memes. These results have implications regarding COVID-19 messaging as well as on meme-based communication.
Chinese High People’s Court ruling sheds light on the protection of non-conventional works
Authors: Quan Yanmin , Zhang Xiaohao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Case Number 1037 of the High People’s Court of Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China (2020/ Shaan Min Zhong 1037), 1 November 2021
In a high-profile case involving copyright protection of a non-conventional work of culinary presentation, the appellate court, the High People’s Court of Shaanxi Province, found a culinary presentation eligible for copyright protection. Although the disputed culinary presentation Feizixiao (fair mistress’s smile) failed to meet the threshold for copyright protection as a work of fine arts, the court agreed to grant protection against unfair competition.
Differential Expression of Three Dopamine Receptors in Varroa-Resistant Honey Bees
Authors: Bilodeau Lelania , Beaman Lorraine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Various stocks of honey bees (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) employ multiple mechanisms to control varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae)) infestations. Identification of trait-associated genes and markers can improve efficiency of selective breeding. Dopamine receptors show promise in this regard in their association with numerous traits in honey bees, high plasticity, and indicated association with varroa resistance through QTL analysis. We assessed the relationship between exposure to mite-infested brood and gene expression of the honey bee dopamine receptors, Amdop1, Amdop2, and Amdop3, in bees and stocks with known levels of varroa resistance, in Spring 2016 (VSH vs Italian) and Summer 2019 (Pol-line vs Italian). Relative mRNA expression levels varied both by honey bee stock and before/after exposure to varroa-infested brood, in 7-, 10-, and 14-day-old bees. However, the trials revealed contrasting patterns in expression of the three dopamine receptors. In 2016, downregulation was evident in VSH bees, but varied by days post-emergence and by gene. The 2019 trial showed upregulation post-exposure in both stocks, and at all ages, for Amdop1, Amdop2, and Amdop3, with the exception of 14 d Italian bees for Amdop2 and Amdop3. Stock comparison in 2019 showed upregulation of all three dopamine-like receptors in post-exposure bees of all ages. Season and associated differences in mite loads may have contributed to the differences observed across trials. Differential expression of all three dopamine receptors suggests a role for the dopaminergic system in varroa resistance and suggests that further characterization of these receptors for breeding potential is warranted.
Medical Ethics as Taught and as Practiced: Principlism, Narrative Ethics, and the Case of Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: O’Brien Daniel C 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe dominant model for bioethical inquiry taught in medical schools is that of principlism. The heritage of this methodology can be traced to the Enlightenment project of generating a universalizable justification for normative morality arising from within the individual, rational agent. This project has been criticized by Alasdair MacIntyre who suggests that its failure has resulted in a fragmented and incoherent contemporary ethical framework characterized by fundamental intractability in moral debate. This incoherence implicates principlist conceptions of bioethics. Medical ethics as practiced, though, is partially in keeping with teleological alternatives to principlism. Nonetheless, the hegemony of principlism threatens to harm the practice of good medicine whenever it is used to provide justification for the sanction or prohibition of practices, despite not being equipped to grant moral authority to such justifications. An example of this failure and its resulting harm is expressed in the growing obsolescence of living donor liver transplantation.
Scopoletin stimulates the secretion of insulin via a KATP channel-dependent pathway in INS-1 pancreatic β cells
Authors: Park Jae Eun , Kim Seon Young , Han Ji Sook 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we investigated whether scopoletin stimulated the secretion of insulin in pancreatic β cells as well as the underlying mechanism involved in this process.

Methods
We incubated the INS-1 pancreatic β cells with various concentrations of glucose (1.1, 5.6 or 16.7 mM) in the presence or absence of scopoletin. We then analysed the secretion of insulin in the cells treated with insulin secretion inhibitors or secretagogues. The intracellular influx of calcium induced by scopoletin was also analysed using the Fluo-2 AM dye.

Key findings
We found that scopoletin (1–20 µM) markedly induced the secretion of insulin in a glucose concentration-dependent manner compared with the control. At depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl), scopoletin markedly enhanced the insulin secretion compared with the cells which were treated only with KCl. Moreover, the treatment with diazoxide-opening K+ATP channel and verapamil blocking Ca2+ channel significantly decreased the scopoletin-induced increase in insulin secretion. After the pre-treatment of cells with a Ca2+ fluorescent dye, treatment with 20 µM scopoletin resulted in a significant increase in the influx of intracellular Ca2+, exhibiting fluorescence changes in various spectra.

Conclusions
Scopoletin stimulates the secretion of insulin via a K+ATP channel-dependent pathway in the INS-1 pancreatic β cells.
Flood syndrome following right-sided heart failure: a case report
Authors: Murruste Marko , Kase Karri , Kivilo Martin , Lepner Urmas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flood syndrome is a rare condition, where a patient with ascites suffers sudden umbilical hernia rupture and a subsequent drainage of ascitic fluid from the abdominal cavity. The cause of ascites is usually liver cirrhosis. Complications associated with cirrhosis of the liver make Flood syndrome difficult to manage. In these cases, conservative management has been associated with high morbidity. We describe, to our knowledge, for the first time a patient with Flood syndrome caused by right-sided heart failure. We also show that conservative treatment gives great initial outcome and is a viable option for this type of Flood syndrome.
Perspectival Ontology: Between Situated Knowledge and Multiculturalism
Authors: Massimi Michela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper I give an overview of a perspectival realist ontology. I discuss the role of situated knowledge and multiculturalism in perspectival ontology and offer a working definition of ‘phenomena’ as the minimal unit of such ontological commitment. I clarify how the view (and underlying notion of scientific perspective) differs from Kuhn’s view, and highlight some of its implications for how to think of scientific knowledge as a multicultural and cosmopolitan inquiry.
Predictive factors for achievement of treatment goals in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with denosumab
Authors: Hattori Kyosuke , Takahashi Nobunori , Kojima Toshihisa , Imagama Shiro 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate efficacy of long-term treatment with denosumab and predictive factors for achievement of treatment goals in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO).

Methods
We enrolled 111 PMO patients who had T-scores ≤−2.5 either at the lumbar spine (L-) or femoral neck (FN-), who had never been treated for osteoporosis, and who could be followed for at least 3 years. We first evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) for up to 7 years. We next defined the treatment goal as the achievement of a T-score &gt;−2.5 at month 36 and performed multivariate analysis to identify predictive factors for achievement of the goal.

Results
Lumbar spine- and femoral neck bone-mineral density increased yearly for 7 years. Among 87 patients with baseline L-T-scores ≤−2.5, better baseline L-T-scores predicted achievement of L-T-scores &gt;−2.5 at month 36. The cut-off value for baseline L-T-score was −3.4. Among 76 patients with baseline FN-T-scores ≤−2.5, better baseline FN-T-scores predicted achievement of FN-T-scores &gt;−2.5 at month 36. The cut-off value for baseline FN-T-scores was −2.8.

Conclusions
Long-term treatment with denosumab was effective in PMO patients. As better baseline T-score predicted achievement of T-scores &gt;−2.5, early initiation of treatment will contribute to better outcome.
Catalytic activities, molecular connections, and biological functions of plant RNA exosome complexes
Authors: Lange Heike , Gagliardi Dominique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
RNA exosome complexes provide the main 3′–5′-exoribonuclease activities in eukaryotic cells and contribute to the maturation and degradation of virtually all types of RNA. RNA exosomes consist of a conserved core complex that associates with exoribonucleases and with multimeric cofactors that recruit the enzyme to its RNA targets. Despite an overall high level of structural and functional conservation, the enzymatic activities and compositions of exosome complexes and their cofactor modules differ among eukaryotes. This review highlights unique features of plant exosome complexes, such as the phosphorolytic activity of the core complex, and discusses the exosome cofactors that operate in plants and are dedicated to the maturation of ribosomal RNA, the elimination of spurious, misprocessed, and superfluous transcripts, or the removal of mRNAs cleaved by the RNA-induced silencing complex and other mRNAs prone to undergo silencing.
Somatic DNA demethylation generates tissue-specific methylation states and impacts flowering time
Authors: Williams Ben P , Bechen Lindsey L , Pohlmann Deborah A , Gehring Mary 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cytosine methylation is a reversible epigenetic modification of DNA. In plants, removal of cytosine methylation is accomplished by the four members of the DEMETER (DME) family of 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylases, named DME, DEMETER-LIKE2 (DML2), DML3, and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1 (ROS1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Demethylation by DME is critical for seed development, preventing experiments to determine the function of the entire gene family in somatic tissues by mutant analysis. Here, we bypassed the reproductive defects of dme mutants to create somatic quadruple homozygous mutants of the entire DME family. dme; ros1; dml2; and dml3 (drdd) leaves exhibit hypermethylated regions compared with wild-type leaves and rdd triple mutants, indicating functional redundancy among all four demethylases. Targets of demethylation include regions co-targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation and, surprisingly, CG gene body methylation, indicating dynamic methylation at these less-understood sites. Additionally, many tissue-specific methylation differences are absent in drdd, suggesting a role for active demethylation in generating divergent epigenetic states across wild-type tissues. Furthermore, drdd plants display an early flowering phenotype, which involves 5′-hypermethylation and transcriptional down-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C. Active DNA demethylation is therefore required for proper methylation across somatic tissues and defines the epigenetic landscape of intergenic and coding regions.
Seawalls and Stilts: A Quantitative Macro Study of Climate Adaptation
Authors: Fried Stephie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Can we reduce the damage from climate change by investing in seawalls, stilts, or other forms of adaptation? Focusing on the case of severe storms in the US, I develop a macro heterogeneous-agent model to quantify the interactions between adaptation, federal disaster policy, and climate change. The model departs from the standard climate damage function and incorporates the damage from storms as the realization of idiosyncratic shocks. Using the calibrated model, I infer that adaptation capital comprises approximately 1$\%$ of the US capital stock. I find that while the moral hazard effects from disaster aid reduce adaptation in the US economy, federal subsidies for investment in adaptation more than correct for the moral hazard. I introduce climate change into the model as a permanent increase in either or both the severity or probability of storms. Adaptation reduces the damage from this climate change by approximately one-third. Finally, I show that modelling the idiosyncratic risk component of climate damage has quantitatively important implications for adaptation and for the welfare cost of climate change.