bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of industrial wastes in the production of sulfate-resistant cement
Authors: Mukhamedbaeva Z A , Chorieva I A , Kurbanov E I , Adinaev Kh A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In connection with the possibility of creating, on the basis of secondary raw materials and wastes of industrial enterprises, the production of new building materials of increased resistance in aggressive environments, there is a further need for systematic research and their use in the production of Portland cement. In this regard, the tailings of concentration of ferrous and non-ferrous metals are promising in terms of the content and reserves of useful components in comparison with the dump deposits of mining enterprises. At the concentration plants of Almalyk Mining And Metallurgical Complex, tens of millions of tons of “tailings”, formed during the enrichment of lead and copper-bearing ores and rich in Al2O3, Fe2O3, etc. are thrown into dumps annually, which are valuable components for the production of cement. The article presents the results of research on topical problems of the use of tailings from the lead concentration and copper smelting factories of the AMMC in the production of sulfate-resistant Portland cement as an active mineral additive. The influence of mineralogical compositions of clinkers of cement plants in Uzbekistan on the phase composition and properties of the obtained sulfate-resistant cement in the presence of lead-copper active mineral additives is analyzed. It is shown that additives play an important role in forming the structure of a cement stone and increasing its strength. Acceleration of the process of hydration and hardening of sulfate-resistant cement is observed from a change in the mineralogical composition towards a decrease in the content of tricalcium aluminate and a decrease in the basicity of clinker due to high-silica waste, which meets the requirements for sulfate-resistant cements.
Performance studies on limestone calcined clay based concrete
Authors: Almas K , Chandra Mohan Rao B D V , Yadav Maganti Janardhan , Swamy Naga Ratna Giri P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the construction field, lot of improvement in sustainable development is going on from last few decades, mainly use of pozzolanic materials are increasing day by day for the production of cement. On the other hand a lot of anthropogenic CO2 gas is liberating in to atmosphere while manufacturing cement. To alter the emission of CO2, use of alternative cementious materials is one of the best practices like fly ash, rice husk ash, GGBS and Metakaolin. Due to the use of such materials there is a lag in early strength development in concrete. Hence there is need to develop a substitute material for cement without negotiating in properties. In the present paper Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is examined for strength and durability and the results are compared with Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) for M 50 grade of concrete. From results it is found that the use of LC3 concrete is beneficial in terms of strength and durability.
Advancement in friction stir processing on magnesium alloys
Authors: Zulkfli Z , Fatchurrohman N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This review paper gathers information on the current trend of friction stir processing (FSP) that had been utilized to alter the surface metal that offers greater properties on magnesium alloys. However, inconsistent results due to changing parameters and different pin profile designs used previously was a challenge in this process. Hereby, discussing on FSP parameters, tool properties and impacts on magnesium (Mg) alloys to improvise the process. Rotational speed and traverse speed were set beforehand. Tool was plunged onto the material and moved in the traverse direction along certain length. The microstructure and microhardness properties of FSPed material were observed. AZ series of magnesium alloys mostly used in FSP. Most significant review was that the fixed rotational speed and feed rate made the grains became coarser. Finer grains were found when rotational speed was constant while feed rate increases. The higher the traverse speed, the higher the hardness of specimens. Setting up rotational speeds in between (900-1400) rpm could minimize defects effectively. Traverse speeds were set in between (25-40) mm/min to prevent pin holes and tunnel defects. Rotational speed affects the grain refinement level and the width of stirred zone while traverse speed influences the material flow rate.
An Overview of Knowledge Management in Early Childhood Education for Sustainable Education
Authors: Sarah Sukor Siti , Ali Zuraina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a review of the current trends in Knowledge Management (KM) implementation for sustainable education. The review includes critical and analytical discussions on the extent of KM at early childhood education (ECE) level. The search of the papers that were included in the review used keywords strings that are related to KM at early childhood education through three (3) phases of review processes namely identification, screening and eligibility. Content analysis was employed as data analysis method. This paper presents some recommendations for future researchers to include three (3) critical components: team work, ICT and training in KM for education to achieve a comprehensive sustainable early childhood education.
Analysis and modelling of surface roughness in milling of JFRP composite using central composite design
Authors: Akmam Noor Rashid Mir , Mohd Zain Zakaria , Nor Khairusshima M.K. , Ibne Noor Wazed , Mullah Momin , Ahmed Khan Shaheer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the JFRP composite is known as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, lightweight, higher stiffness product, and demand for this composite is increasing tremendously in various applications like automotive, aerospace, marine, and domestic upholstery. In order to achieve the required shape and design of this composite, machining is essential during the assembly stage. Thus, machining arises some difficulties in where surface roughness is one of the major drawbacks during machining of the milling process. The cutting parameter of machining influences the output performance of the product. The main purpose of this study is to find out the effect of milling parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut on the output responses like surface roughness, which generates during milling on JFRP composite. The machining was done by using a solid carbide cutting tool of 8 mm width and the experiments were conducted according to the Central Composite Design (CCD). It was found that whenever the spindle speed increases from 671.57 to 6328.43 rev/min then the Surface roughness decreases 18.58%. On the contrary, Surface roughness increased by 31.22% due to the increase in feed rate from 108.58 to 391.42 mm/min. A mathematical model was also developed in this study to correlate the milling parameters with the output parameter of the Surface roughness. It was found that the feed rate is the most significant factor to affects the Surface roughness. Based on the RSM, the predicted optimized input parameter were spindle speed 4293.8 rev/min, feed rate 1.50 mm/min, and depth of cut 1 mm in where Surface roughness would be lower (1.188 µm).
Comparative study between product- and service-based operations using time-driven activity-based costing
Authors: Zaini S N A M , Abu M Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProduct-based companies are consumer suppliers that can meet the customer order and consumption. Service-based operation is a company offering an intangible and non-including sales and satisfactions type of product. This work aims to summarize the strength of time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) implementation in product- and service based operation using selected criteria. There are 8 criteria to be discussed are cost allocation, determination of drivers, transparency, cost consideration for implementation, transparency, overestimation of cost, oversimplification of activities and capacity forecast and planning. For product-based operation, this work is conducted at the plantation located in Prosper Palm Oil Mill Sdn. Bhd., Muadzam Shah, Pahang. The estate is divided into three main activity centers which are nursery, replanting and ramp. For service-based operation, data are taken from academic library in Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang. However in this work, only two activity centers are been used which are acquisition and cataloging. In this work, the application of TDABC in product- and service-based operations does not present any substantial differences in unused capacity. However, the activities in a product-based company depend on one another in terms of process dependence. While activities are independent in service-based operations.
Characterisation of bitumen, refined waste oil, and emulsifiers for coating and insulation purposes
Authors: Ishag Obi Nasreldeen , Najib Razali Mohd , Hamid Nour Abdurahman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current study aims to characterise bitumen, refined waste oil, and emulsifiers to formulate emulsified modified bitumen for coating and insulation purposes. These raw materials were characterised in terms of their physical properties and elemental composition. This analysis provides significant information for setting the formulation parameters and determining the coating application conditions. Bitumen is a non-renewable petroleum substance; thus, the utilisation of refined waste oil in bitumen modification will reduce the dependency on neat bitumen and solve the increasing environmental problems in Malaysia. The physical characterisation was carried out using the tests of viscosity, flash point, density, penetration, softening point, moisture content, and X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared analysis was conducted to determine the molecular composition and structure of the materials. In conclusion, the characterised materials showed the potential properties to formulate a highly adhesive, stable, and homogeneous emulsion.
Calibration and validation of hydrological model using HEC-HMS for Kuantan River Basin
Authors: Othman N , Romali N S , Samat S R , Ahmad A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrological modeling is a commonly used tool to estimate the basin’s hydrological response due to precipitation. This study aims to calibrate and validate the rainfall-runoff transformation model for Bukit Kenau Station in Kuantan River Basin (KRB) using HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centre Hydrology Modeling System). For the loss rate, SCS Curve Number method was selected while Clark Unit Hydrograph was used for the transform method. The model calibration and validation efficiency were verified using the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (ME). As a result, the model calibration and validation were found to be satisfactory with ME between 0.5 to 0.8. The model can be used to forecast the river flow and helps in the flood mitigation works to reduce the impacts along with the cost use. Besides, the result obtained from this study can be used as a guideline for future flood risk assessment works in the study area.
Methodological Review of Malaysia’s Energy Security Measurement: A Systems Approach using Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Shadman S , Chin C M M , Sakundarini N , Yap E H , Velautham S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study considers the analysis of Malaysia’s Energy Security (ES) using a mixed-method of inquiry. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods known as the ‘triangulation of methods’ was used to build a solid understanding of ES from the standpoint of Malaysia within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Qualitative data were collected from 16 stakeholders and experts in the field of energy security and sustainability from Malaysia and the ASEAN region using semi-structured interviews (SSI). These data were coded using grounded theory (GT) that follows emerging coding techniques to allow for emerging ES themes to develop, hence creating our ES framework, used as the basis for a systems approach – quantitative research on ES. Quantitative data were collected from energy reports and statistics published by ministries, agencies, and relevant departments in Malaysia and ASEAN. The dimensional indicators identified from the ES framework are causally-linked using system dynamics (SD) modelling, underpinned by systems thinking, where SD models are designed and simulated to yield meaningful insights on Malaysia’s energy security for future policy recommendations. This mixed-method approach has enabled our futuring research through the modelling of scenarios to inform policy-making within the contexts of the problem space.
Post-cutting surface evaluation of the Cu foil substrate grown with single-layer graphene
Authors: Arissa N F , Aid S R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A large-sized graphene purchased for research purposes can be cost effective as its usage is not limited to one experimental study. It can be cut into many smaller pieces for other experimental studies. In this study, Cu foil substrate grown with single-layer graphene via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with a size of 2” x 2” was cut into small pieces with a size of 10 × 10 mm2 using a pair of high-quality stainless-steel scissors. The surface quality of the cut substrate was evaluated using three microscopes with different types of illumination sources. In the post-cut substrate, a wrinkle and roughness at the edge of the substrate surface were observed, which can be attributed to the uneven surface contact and force distribution during the handling and cutting process using a tweezer and a pair of scissors. However, the wrinkle in the substrate is not the main reason for the degraded quality of graphene grown on the substrate. Meanwhile, the roughness at the edge area of the cut substrate may be reduced by controlling the speed and angle of the cutting forces. The information obtained from this preliminary study of sample preparation is important for future work in the synthesis of graphene nanocomposites for its application in nanofluids.
Enhanced Oil Palm Waste Properties through Torrefaction and Pelletization
Authors: Sambeth S K , Chandran T S T , Saleh S B , A Samad N A F B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment process to treat biomass at temperature range of 200-300°C under an inert atmosphere. It was known that torrefaction process strongly depended on the decomposition of the lignocellulosic constituents in oil palm waste namely hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The objective of this research is to study the effect of torrefaction on the characteristics of pellet formed from palm mesocarp fiber (PMF), oil palm frond (OPF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) as a solid fuel. The samples were torrefied at 270°C for 30 minutes. The torrefied samples were then densified into pellets through hot press machine at different temperatures (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C) and different pressure (10 MPa, 12 MPa, 14 MPa) for 20 minutes to find the optimum pelletization condition. The pellets were analyzed through mass yield, high heating value, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, moisture absorption and compression test. Compression test is to study the strength of pellet by identifying the force required to break the pellet. The result shows that the mass yield of PKS was higher than PMF and OPF. The high heating value of torrefied oil palm waste improved as compared to the raw oil palm waste. Through FTIR, the changes of chemical bonds in oil palm waste after torrefaction have been identified. From the analysis of the pellet, the optimum conditions for pelletization were obtained, which are 130 °C and 12 MPa. The moisture absorption rate of torrefied pellet was lesser than raw pellets. Lastly, the torrefaction and pelletization process produced better quality pellets in term of high heating value, durability and more hydrophobic compared to raw pellets which can used as biofuel to replace the coal.
A Review Paper on The Effect of Waste Paper on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Solahuddin B. A. , Yahaya F. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water are the materials to make concrete. The waste paper has been dumped as waste and causes environmental pollution behind mill or landfill. The industry paper wastage for every year is increasing gradually. More spaces are being needed for landfills, uses energy loss of natural resources and increase of expenditure and various types of pollutions. Utilizing waste paper as cement replacement or addition in concrete production will reduce environmental pollutions. This review paper is to investigate the effect of waste paper on mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength and flexural strength. From many previous studies before this, 5% and 10% waste paper as cement replacement and additions were the ideal percentages to increase the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete. This study indicates waste paper can give benefit by using it as additional material in concrete production.
GIS Mapping of CO2 Emission from Population of Metropolis: Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Thanh Ho Van , Vu Thi Hang , Quoc Pham Hau , Nguyen Phuc Hua , Ha Thanh Phuong Nam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The issue of CO2 emissions, the major caused leads to climate change has always been of particular interest in the context of the industrialization process and urbanization taking place more and more complex. Ho Chi Minh City is a large city of Vietnam with a high rate of urbanization and thus the CO2 emissions management process needs to be studied. In this work, we have developed the Geographic Information System (GIS) to build the mapping of CO2 emission from population of Metropolis, case study of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam for the first time. The mapping CO2 emissions for Ho Chi Minh city from the population have been calculated from human respiration and combustion gas in daily activities. We found that the highest level of CO2 emissions is located the western suburbs of the city including Binh Tan district, Tan Phu district, Tan Binh district, Go Vap district, District 12, Binh Chanh and Hoc Mon district. In seven districts with emission levels high, Binh Tan has the highest CO2 emissions and opposite Can Gio district has the lowest CO2 emission due to Can Gio district is a district adjacent to the sea and mainly mangroves forests, traffic condition is not conducive to the process of industrial development, therefore no attract workers from the others district, the province as Binh Tan district and local people trend to industrial zones making the district’s population the lowest. The results of this work can make reasonable policy in the management and reduction of CO2 emissions for future cities with low carbon city.
Extraction and analysis of chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum L essential oil in the North of Vietnam
Authors: Dung P N T , Dao T P , Le T T , Tran H T , Dinh T T T , Pham Q L , Tran Q T , Pham M Q 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Ocimum gratissimum L. is a fragrant plant of the Lamiaceae family. O. gratissimum has been used in folk medicine, cosmetics, and food industry. In this study, herbs of O. gratissimum were collected in the summer in Northern Vietnam and extracted for essential oils by hydrodistillation, followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The efficiency of essential oil extraction was 0.2258% ± 0.0735. According to the analysis results, twenty-seven components were identified. The main ingredients include Eugenol (65.135%), Ocimene <(Z) -b-> (7.20%), Caryophyllene <E-> (6.64%), and Germacrene D (12.03%). This result suggests that the O. gratissimum essential oil is a potential source of antimicrobial, preservative and flavoring agent.
Character Recognition on Time Series Data collected from Smartphone Sensors
Authors: Raval Deep , Suhagiya Jaymin , Macker Sukriti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the modern era, smartphones have become part and parcel of life. The exponential increase in the number of smartphone users has given rise to a copious amount of data. Although the data produced by smartphones are of various types, this paper mainly focuses on the usage of sensory data produced by smartphones. This paper explores the field of recognizing characters with the aid of time-series sensor data. The primary focus of the research is to utilize recurrent neural networks to predict the digits 0 - 9 and characters A - Z. The objective achieved was by the help of sensor data that included the readings of Accelerometer, Magnetometer, Gyroscope, and Linear Accelerometer sensors providing information with respect to three-axis x, y, and z, having an interval of 0.01 seconds between two corresponding values. We succeeded in achieving the accuracy of 93.60% on the training data and 89.51% on the testing data.
Pixort: A Novel Approach for Effective Photo Album Clustering
Authors: Mathias Cheryl L , D’Souza Crystal F , Alexander Job , Hudson Mariah S , Tantry Renuka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Retrieving digital records on the internet and capturing, uploading images on social media or other platforms has become such a notable part of one’s daily existence. Digital content and videos constitute majority of this ever-growing deluge of information. Major problems are faced by people on a daily basis when they have to manually scan large databases to search for particular images thereby exhausting valuable time and resources. To overcome this, Content Based Image Retrieval in addition to Emotion Detection must be performed to efficiently store and retrieve very specific images. An effective image clustering application should be capable of accurately extracting images based on the given query image. It should also provide functionalities like Facial Detection and Recognition for customized usage and retrieval. In this study, texture-based feature extraction followed by the usage of a feed forward backpropagation neural network has been proposed for CBIR. For emotion detection, correlation has been proposed in addition to the Viola Jones algorithm which has been used for facial detection.
A Heuristic Review on Analog Performance and Accomplishment of Activation Functions at RTL Level
Authors: Jyothula Sudhakar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the behavior of many functional activities used for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) study is demonstrated together with their similar performance under transistor conditions. ANN plays an important role in computer science, technology, machine learning, automation, speech and voice processing. The accuracy of any automated device largely depends on ANN training. Therefore, choosing an appropriate operating system affects the performance of the entire system. Performing operational movements at the transistor levels with low power, latency, and power requirements without adjusting their properties is a major challenge. Process actions are performed on an analog or digital one. Analog performance simulations are clearly demonstrated in this article, as the field and power limit for simulation applications is greater than for digital applications. The efficiency of the operating system relies on the % of errors between its manufacture and quality.