bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy Restores the Quantity and Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cells and CD4+ T Cells in Children with Acute Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Wang Nana , Chen Zhongyue , Zhang Fan , Zhang Qianwen , Sun Ling , Lv Haitao , Wang Bo , Shen Jie , Zhou Xufang , Chen Feiyan , Zhang Binwei , Meng Lijun , Zhou Huiting , Bai ZhenJiang , Huang Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is widely used to treat Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the mechanisms by which it reduces systemic inflammation are not completely understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells play critical roles in the pathogenic processes of immune disorders. Assessing the quantity of DC subsets and T cells and identifying functional molecules present on these cells, which provide information about KD, in the peripheral blood may provide new insights into the mechanisms of immunoglobulin therapy. Methods: In total, 54 patients with KD and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The number, percentage, and phenotype of DC subsets and CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were analysed through flow cytometry.Results: Patients with KD exhibited fewer peripheral DC subsets and CD4+ T cells than HCs. Human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression was reduced on myeloid DCs (CD1c+ mDCs), whereas that on plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) did not change significantly. Both pDCs and CD1c+ mDCs displayed significantly reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules, including CD40, CD86. Expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was increased on CD4+ T cells. No significant differences were observed concerning the quantity and phenotype of DC subsets and CD4+ T cells in patients with KD with and without coronary artery lesions. Importantly, these altered quantity and phenotypes on DC subsets and CD4+ T cells were restored to a great extent after IVIG treatment. T helper (Th) subsets including Th1 and Th2 among CD4+ T cells did not show alteration pre- and post-IVIG treatment, although the Th1-related cytokine IFN-γ level increased dramatically in patients with KD pre-IVIG treatment.Conclusions: pDCs and CD1c+ DCs presented an immature or tolerant phenotype in acute stages of KD, IVIG treatment restored the quantity and functional molecules of DCs and CD4+ T cells to distinct levels, indicating the involvement of DCs and CD4+ T cells in the inflammation in KD. The findings provide insights into the immunomodulatory actions of IVIG.
DLHO-:An Enhanced Version of Harris Hawks Optimization By Dimension Learning-Based Hunting For Breast Cancer And Other Serious Diseases Detection
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Lakhwinder , Singh Sikander 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the bio-medical science various diseases are most serious and are prevalent causes of death among the human whole world out of which breast cancer is the most serious issue. Mammography is the initial screening assessment of breast cancer. Swarm intelligence techniques play an important role for the solution of these types of diseases. However due to some shortcomings of these methods such as slow convergence, premature convergence and weak local avoidance etc various complexities are faced. In this study, An enhanced version of Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) approach has been developed for biomedical datasets, it is known as DLHO. This approach has been introduced by integrating the merits of dimension learning-based hunting (DLH) search strategy with HHO. The main objective of this study is to alleviate the lack of crowd diversity, premature convergence of the HHO and the imbalance amid the exploration and exploitation. DLH search strategy utilizes a dissimilar method to paradigm a neighborhood for each search member in which the neighboring information can be shared amid search agents. This strategy helps in maintaining the diversity and the balance amid global and local search. To test the performance of the proposed technique different set of experiments have been performed and results are compared with various recent metaheuristics. First, the performance of optimizer is analysed by using 29-CEC -2017 test suites. Second, to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique results have been taken on five bio-medical datasets such as XOR, Balloon, Iris, Breast Cancer and Heart. All the results are in the favour of proposed technique.
Sustainable Biopolymer Soil Stabilization in Saline Rich, Arid Conditions – A ‘Micro to Macro’ Approach.
Authors: Armistead S. J. , Smith C. C. , Staniland S. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Water scarcity in semi-arid/arid regions is driving the use of salt water in mining operations. A consequence of this shift, is the potentially unheeded effect upon Mine Tailing (MT) management. With existing stabilization/solidification methodologies exhibiting vulnerability to MT toxicity and salinity effects, it is essential to explore the scope for more environmentally durable sustainable alternatives under these conditions.
Within this study we investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl, 0-2.5 M) and temperatures associated with arid regions (25 , 40), on Locust Bean Gum (LB) biopolymer stabilization of MT exemplar and sand (control) soil systems. A cross-disciplinary ‘micro to macro’ pipeline is employed, from a Membrane Enabled Bio-mineral Affinity Screen (MEBAS), to Mineral Binding Characterisation (MBC), leading finally to Geotechnical Verification (GV).
As predicted by higher Fe2O3 LB binding affinity in the MEBAS studies, LB with 1.25M NaCl, results in the greatest soil strength in the MT exemplar after 7 days of curing at 40 °C. Under these most challenging conditions for other soil strengthening systems, an overall UCS peak of 5033 kPa is achieved. MBC shows the critical and direct relationship between Fe2O3 LB ‘high-affinity’ at the molecular level and ‘high-strength’ achieved at the geotechnical level. This is attributed to biopolymer binding group’s increased availability, with their ‘salting-in’ as NaCl concentrations rises to 1.25M and then ‘salting-out’ at higher concentrations. This study highlights the potential of biopolymers as robust, sustainable, soil stabilization additives in challenging environments.
In-vitro Reactivity and Antibacterial Activity of Agro-waste Derived Silicate and Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Kaur Damandeep , Reddy M.S. , Pandey Om Prakash 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Two different categories of bioactive glasses prepared from biomass using SiO2 and P2O5 as glass formers are reported in this study. These glasses are prepared by melt-quench technique. The glasses are evaluated in-vitro for their bioactivity assessment with the help of simulated body fluid (SBF). The formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) above the glass surface is taken as an indicator for the glasses to be bioactive. Hence, various experimental techniques like X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy are employed to assess the formation of HAp layer above the glass surface. All these results confirmed the formation of HAp layer. Further, drug loading and antibacterial studies were carried out to investigate the application of glass samples as drug delivery vehicles and antibacterial agents, respectively. These investigations proved that the as-prepared glass samples have high drug loading efficiency and antibacterial activity.
Assessment of Ki-67 proliferation index with deep learning in DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
Authors: Fulawka Lukasz , Błaszczyk Jakub , Tabakov Martin , Halon Agnieszka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The proliferation index (PI) is crucial in histopathologic diagnostics, in particular tumors. It is calculated based on Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. PI is routinely evaluated by a visual assessment of the sample by a pathologist. However, this approach is far from ideal due to its poor intra- and interobserver variability and time-consuming. These factors force the community to seek out more precise solutions. Virtual pathology as being increasingly popular in diagnostics, armed with artificial intelligence, may potentially address this issue. The proposed solution calculates the Ki-67 proliferation index by utilizing a deep learning model and fuzzy-set interpretations for hot-spots detection. The obtained region-of-interest is then used to segment relevant cells via classical methods of image processing. The index value is approximated by relating the total surface area occupied by immunopositive cells to the total surface area of relevant cells. The achieved results are compared to the manual calculation of the Ki-67 index made by a domain expert. To increase results reliability, we trained several models in a 3-fold manner and compared the impact of different hyper-parameters. Our best-proposed method estimates PI with 0,026 mean absolute error, which gives a significant advantage over the current state-of-the-art solution.
Discovery of the Crystal Phase Transition on Lead-free Cesium Manganese Bromine Perovskite Nanocrystal by Solvent Concentration
Authors: Kang Tae Wook , Choi Eun Jin , Park Young Ji , Hwang Jonghee , Bae Byungseo , Kim Sun Woog 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We have been demonstrated the crystal phase transition for lead-free cesium manganese bromine perovskite nanocrystal synthesized by the modified hot-injection method due to change the concentration of solvent (trioctylphosphine; TOP). The compositions to be synthesized were determined by the amount of TOP solvent, and the structure phase of nanocrystal was changed from hexagonal CsMnBr3 to tetragonal Cs3MnBr5 as the amount of TOP solvent increased. The emission peaks of CsMnBr3 and Cs3MnBr5 nanocrystals were observed at 650 nm (red) and 520 nm (green), respectively. After a durability test at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 24 h, the lead-free perovskite CsMnBr3 nanocrystal powder maintained its initial emission intensity, and the metal halide Cs3MnBr5 nanocrystal powder exhibited an increase in red emission due to the post-synthesis of CsMnBr3 nanocrystals.
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N-Oxide-induced Atherosclerosis and Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zheng Youjing , He Jia-Qiang 
Published: August 2021

:
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota metabolite derived from trimethylamine-
containing nutrient precursors such as choline, L-carnitine, and betaine, which are rich in
many vegetables, fruits, nuts, dairy products, and meats. An increasing number of clinical studies
have demonstrated a strong relationship between elevated plasma TMAO levels and adverse cardiovascular
events. It is commonly agreed that TMAO acts as an independent risk factor and a prognostic
index for patients with cardiovascular disease. Although most animal (mainly rodent) data
support the clinical findings, the mechanisms by which TMAO modulates the cardiovascular system
are still not well understood. In this context, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms
underlying TMAO-induced cardiovascular diseases at the cellular and molecular levels,
with a focus on atherosclerosis. We also address the direct effects of TMAO on cardiomyocytes (a
new and under-researched area) and finally propose TMAO as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic
target for diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease.
Withdrawn: Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for Treatment of
Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liu Rucheng , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yundi , Farzaneh Maryam , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil 
Published: August 2021

The article titled “Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke”, by Rucheng Liu et al.,
published in Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2022; 17. 10.2174/1574888X16666210812151003 has been withdrawn
upon the request of the authors. The authors found that invalid references were cited. Consequently, the authors concluded
that the results could not be guaranteed.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:
It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
In situ Gels of Acylovir Nanoemulsions for Improved Delivery to the Eye
Authors: Priyanka Manza M. , Ujwala Shinde A. , Kalyani Sheth M. , Desai Namita 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Acyclovir, BCS Class III drug is commercially available as 3% w/w eye
ointment for multiple applications. Acyclovir nanoemulsions can be proposed to reduce dose because
of improved permeation characteristics. Further, the development of in situ ophthalmic gels
can be advantageous to reduce the number of applications due to increased mucoadhesion and sustaining
effect.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of nanoemulsions based
in situ gels of Acyclovir (1% w/w) as potential ophthalmic delivery systems.

Methods:
Nanoemulsions of Acyclovir were developed by Phase Inversion Temperature method
using Capmul MCM, stearyl amine and Kolliphor RH 40 as liquid lipid, charge inducer and surfactant,
respectively selected on the basis of Acyclovir solubility in the oil phase and emulsification
ability of surfactants. These nanoemulsions were further developed into in situ ophthalmic gels using
gellan gum and Methocel K4M.

Results:
The developed gels showed a sustained effect in vitro release studies and improved goat
corneal permeation in ex vivo studies when compared to marketed ointment. HET-CAM studies
concluded the absence of irritation potential, while in vivo irritation study in Wistar rats showed the
absence of erythema and swelling of eyes after visual inspection for 72 hours. Histopathological
studies on isolated rat corneas showed no abnormalities in anterior corneal epithelium and corneal
stroma without any epithelial hyperplasia. Acyclovir nanoemulsions based in situ ophthalmic gel
showed increased corneal deposition and permeation in isolated rat eyes.

Conclusion:
The improved potential of developed ophthalmic gels was proven due to the reduced
frequency of application compared to the marketed ointment in animal studies.
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of BlaNDM Gene Among Drug-Resistant Klebsiella Isolates
Authors: Malik Taqdees , Naim Asma 
Published: August 2021

Background:
In the past few centuries, a widespread increase in antimicrobial
resistance has been observed among Klebsiella species. The antibiotic-
resistant strains of the genus Klebsiella are becoming a serious threat in clinical
settings due to their involvement in severe invasive and non-invasive infections.
The emergence of resistance among these strains is associated with their
strong enzymatic activity against several broad-spectrum antibiotics. These enzymes
include beta-lactamases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC
beta-lactamases, and carbapenemases. These resistance enzymes are capable
of hydrolyzing various broad-spectrum drugs like extended-spectrum cephalosporin
and carbapenems.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to determine the emerging resistance
among Klebsiella strains by identifying the production of carbapenemase
enzyme phenotypically and the frequency of the NDM resistance gene by a polymerase
chain reaction.

Methods:
In this study, 236 Gram-negative isolates from different clinical laboratories
were identified. Out of which, 125 isolates were found as Klebsiella species
by using standard microbiological techniques. Minimum inhibitory concentrations
(MIC) were determined using eight representative antibiotics by the
Macro broth dilution method. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase producing
Klebsiella species was performed by Modified Hodge Test. Phenotypic findings
were then checked and compared with genotypic results obtained by using the Polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of resistance genes responsible
for the production of carbapenemase.

Results:
In this study, carbapenemase production was found only in 6 (5%) Klebsiella
isolates by using the phenotypic method; however, 3 isolates out of 125
were screened positive for the gene NDM-1.

Conclusion:
Since we are considering carbapenems as the last therapeutic option
for treating infections, mainly caused by Gram-negative isolates, the prevailing
resistance against this drug is widely disseminating. It is better to evaluate the
antibiotic susceptibility, phenotypic screening as well genotypic screening
(where possible) for implementing strict antibiotic control policies in health care
settings, hospitals, laboratories, etc.
Chinese Patients’ Intention to Use Different Types of Internet Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study on Virtual Visits
Authors: Liu Liyun , Shi Lizheng 
Published: August 2021

Background
The issuing of regulation schemes and the expanding health insurance coverage for virtual visits of internet hospitals would incentivize Chinese providers and patients to use virtual visits tremendously. China’s internet hospitals vary in sponsorship. However, little is known about patients’ intention to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals.

Objective
The goal of the research is to examine patients’ intention to use virtual visits, as well as virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals. In addition, we will identify determinants of patients’ intention to use virtual visits, as well as intention to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 1653 participants was conducted in 3-tier hospitals in 3 cities with different income levels in May and June 2019. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors that affect patients’ intention to use virtual visits. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of the intention to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals (ie, enterprise-sponsored, hospital-sponsored, and government-sponsored).

Results
A total of 76.64% (1145/1494) of adult participants were online medical information seekers, and 87.06% (969/1113) of online medical information seekers had intention to use virtual visits. Public hospital–sponsored internet hospitals were the most prevalent ones among Chinese patients (473/894, 52.9%), followed by the provincial government internet hospital platform (238/894, 26.6%), digital health companies (116/894, 13.0%), medical e-commerce companies (48/894, 5.4%), private hospitals (13/894, 1.5%), and other companies (6/894, 0.7%). Gender, education, monthly income, and consumer type were significantly associated with the intention to use virtual visits. Gender, age, education, city income level, consumer type, and trust in the sponsor of a health website were significantly associated with the patient’s intention to use virtual visits delivered by 3 different sponsorship types of internet hospitals.

Conclusions
Chinese patients who were online medical information seekers had high intention to use virtual visits and had different intentions to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals. Public hospitals, the government, and digital health companies were the top 3 sponsorship types of internet hospitals that patients had intention to use. Trust in a health website sponsor significantly influenced the patient’s intention to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals. Gender, education, and consumer type were the factors significantly associated with both the intention to use virtual visits and the intention to use virtual visits delivered by different sponsorship types of internet hospitals.
Factors Influencing Willingness to Share Health Misinformation Videos on the Internet: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Keselman Alla , Arnott Smith Catherine , Leroy Gondy , Kaufman David R 
Published: August 2021

Background
The rapidly evolving digital environment of the social media era has increased the reach of both quality health information and misinformation. Platforms such as YouTube enable easy sharing of attractive, if not always evidence-based, videos with large personal networks and the public. Although much research has focused on characterizing health misinformation on the internet, it has not sufficiently focused on describing and measuring individuals’ information competencies that build resilience.

Objective
This study aims to assess individuals’ willingness to share a non–evidence-based YouTube video about strengthening the immune system; to describe types of evidence that individuals view as supportive of the claim by the video; and to relate information-sharing behavior to several information competencies, namely, information literacy, science literacy, knowledge of the immune system, interpersonal trust, and trust in health authority.

Methods
A web-based survey methodology with 150 individuals across the United States was used. Participants were asked to watch a YouTube excerpt from a morning TV show featuring a wellness pharmacy representative promoting an immunity-boosting dietary supplement produced by his company; answer questions about the video and report whether they would share it with a cousin who was frequently sick; and complete instruments pertaining to the information competencies outlined in the objectives.

Results
Most participants (105/150, 70%) said that they would share the video with their cousins. Their confidence in the supplement would be further boosted by a friend’s recommendations, positive reviews on a crowdsourcing website, and statements of uncited effectiveness studies on the producer’s website. Although all information literacy competencies analyzed in this study had a statistically significant relationship with the outcome, each competency was also highly correlated with the others. Information literacy and interpersonal trust independently predicted the largest amount of variance in the intention to share the video (17% and 16%, respectively). Interpersonal trust was negatively related to the willingness to share the video. Science literacy explained 7% of the variance.

Conclusions
People are vulnerable to web-based misinformation and are likely to propagate it on the internet. Information literacy and science literacy are associated with less vulnerability to misinformation and a lower propensity to spread it. Of the two, information literacy holds a greater promise as an intervention target. Understanding the role of different kinds of trust in information sharing merits further research.