bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the application of quantitative fatty acid signature analysis in soil food webs: The effects of diet fat content
Authors: Kühn Jakob , Henning Vanessa , Ruess Liliane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) as a biochemical tool to study the diet composition of predators is frequently used in marine ecology to infer trophic links in vertebrate consumers. However, the potential and challenges of this method in other ecosystems have only recently been studied. The application in soil ecosystems leads to hurdles not encountered in the marine, such as the low similarity of fatty acid signatures between resource and consumer. So far, diet estimation attempts have been semisuccessful, necessitating to adapt QFASA for use in soil food webs. Dietary fat content may play an important role, as it influences consumer metabolism, and thus calibration coefficients for fatty acid trophic transfer. A series of feeding trials with baker's yeast spiked with five different pure fatty acids at various concentrations was conducted with Collembola, and the changes in calibration coefficients were observed. From there, equations were gained through regression analysis and new sets of calibration coefficients were calculated. QFASA was applied on a range of basal resources and the results compared with previously defined calibration coefficients. Calibration coefficients changed with the proportion of fatty acids in the diet and differed between the three Collembolan species. The re‐estimation of diets showed an improvement of model performance by the new calibration coefficients and indicated several modes of fatty acid assimilation. These greatly influence the outcome of diet estimation, for example, algal and bacterial diets are likely underestimated due to high metabolic turnover rates. The application of QFASA in soil ecosystems remains challenging. The variation in calibration coefficients and the resulting decrease in estimation deviation indicate the merit of calculating calibration coefficients from consumer signatures through linear or exponential equations. Ideally, the method should, when extended to the entire fatty acid signature, allow correct determination of consumer diets in soil food webs.
25‐Propyloxy‐26,27‐dibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene as Precursor for the Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Calixarenes
Authors: Trybrat Oleksandr O. , Yesypenko Oleksandr A. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Karpichev Yevgen A. , Kalchenko Vitaly I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that 25‐propyloxy‐26,27‐dibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene can be a convenient precursor for the formation of inherently chiral configuration on the calixarene platform. The methods for sequential regioselective debenzoylation and electrophilic substitution on the upper rim were developed. The inherently chiral calix[4]renes with two and three different functional groups on the upper rim were synthesized.
Oxygen‐vacancy‐enhanced Catalytic Activity of Au@Co3O4/CeO2 Yolk‐shell Nanocomposite to Electrochemically Detect Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Lei Lingli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jiang Ying , Xiong Lulu , Liu Yingshuai , Li Chang Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiomimetic electrochemical sensors are very promising not only due to their lower expense and longer stability than conventional enzymatic ones, but they also often suffer from simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here we present a well‐defined Au@Co3O4/CeO2 yolk‐shell nanostructure (YSN) that is first synthesized and exploited as highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The introduced CeO2 in Co3O4 matrix greatly facilitates the migration of lattice oxygen, which increases the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies (Oa), remarkably enhancing the adsorption ability of H2O2 and promoting the decomposition of H2O2 for faster electron transfer than pristine Au@Co3O4 core‐shell nanostructure (CSN). The abundant Oa of Au@Co3O4/CeO2 YSN is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The as‐prepared biomimetic sensor delivers a wide dynamic range (5.0 nM to 5.4 μM), a low limit of detection (LOD) (2.74 nM), and a high sensitivity (35.67 μA μM−1 cm−2), paving a new way to construct an ultrasensitive and selective enzyme‐free biomimetic electrochemical sensor. Furthermore, the sensor is used to real‐time monitor H2O2 released from human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), demonstrating its great potential in practical applications.
Exploring neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance in anorexia nervosa: A cluster analytic approach
Authors: Kerr‐Gaffney Jess , Halls Daniel , Leppanen Jenni , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterise heterogeneity in neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance in young women with anorexia nervosa (AN) using hierarchical cluster analysis. Further, we aimed to test whether cognitive profiles were associated with differences in clinical variables (body mass index, illness duration and age at diagnosis), psychopathology (eating disorder, autistic symptoms, anxiety and depression) and functional impairment.MethodSet‐shifting, central coherence and theory of mind abilities were measured in 118 women with acute or remitted AN. A hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method with a Euclidean distance measure was performed with the neuropsychological and socio‐emotional variables. Differences between clusters were assessed using ANOVAs.ResultsFour clusters emerged, with significant differences in neuropsychological and socio‐emotional task performance. There were no significant differences between clusters in clinical variables, psychopathology or functional impairment, however, these analyses lacked power due to small cluster sizes.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate significant heterogeneity in cognitive profiles in AN, supporting a more personalised approach to treatment. Studies in larger samples are required to establish whether these variables map onto clinically significant differences in aetiology, clinical presentation, comorbidity patterns and/or treatment responses.
Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluids across a porous matrix over an extending sheet with mass transpiration and bioconvection
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Asjad Muhammad I. , Hussain Sajjad , Akgül Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe consequences of the nonlinear magnetic field and radiative thermal energy are evaluated for bioconvective viscous flow across a porous matrix over a nonlinearly stretching sheet. The rationale of the study is to attain enhanced thermal transportation. The dilute dispersion of nanoentities and bioconvection of swimming microorganisms are taken into consideration. The coupled partial differential system of field equations is transformed into ordinary differential form. Finally, the numeric solution is obtained by utilizing the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method shooting technique, and results are validated through an acceptable accord with existing studies. The variation of influential parameters such as combined magnetic parameter, mass transpiration parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, bioconvection Lewis numbers made notable impacts on fluid velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoentities, and distribution of microorganisms.
MHD radiative Casson—Nanofluid stream above a nonlinear extending surface including chemical reaction through Darcy‐Forchiemer medium
Authors: Ganesh Ganugapati Raghavendra , Sridhar Wuriti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study aims to study the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson kind nanofluid stream through a permeable medium above a nonlinear extending surface considered along with Darcy‐Forchimer relation and chemical reaction. Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion effects are considered. The MHD effect is used to highlight the physical and thermal properties of the nanofluid. The Keller Box scheme is used to solve the guiding equations numerically. Graphs are plotted for various nondimensional parameters. To justify the method, the used local parameters are calculated and compared with the existing literature. The results specify that a decreasing tendency is observed in the velocity profile for Forchiemer, magnetic, and stretching rate parameters, whereas the opposite tendency is noted for the Casson parameter. On observing temperature profiles, declination is noticed for Casson, thermal slip parameters and raising nature is detected for increasing values of Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis, radiation parameters. From the results, it is observed that the momentum boundary layer diminishes for a higher inertial influence and the opposing force offered by the porous media to the fluid flow.
Vorinostat ameliorates IL‐1α‐induced reduction of type II collagen by inhibiting the expression of ELF3 in chondrocytes
Authors: Miao Xudong , Wu Yongping , Wang Ping , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Chenhe , Yu Xinning , Cao Le 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that ultimately causes physical disability and imposes an economic burden on society. Cartilage destruction plays a key role in the development of OA. Vorinostat is an oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been used for the treatment of T‐cell lymphoma. Previous studies have reported the anti‐inflammatory effect of HDAC inhibitors in both in vivo and in vitro models. However, it is unknown whether vorinostat exerts a protective effect in OA. In this study, our results demonstrate that treatment with vorinostat prevents interleukin 1α (IL‐1α)‐induced reduction of type II collagen at both gene and protein levels. Treatment with vorinostat reduced the IL‐1α‐induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T/C‐28a2 cells. Additionally, vorinostat rescued the IL‐1α‐induced decrease in the expression of the collagen type II a1 (Col2a1) gene and the expression of Sry‐related HMG box 9 (SOX‐9). Importantly, we found that vorinostat inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), which is responsible for the degradation of type II collagen. Furthermore, vorinostat suppressed the expression of E74‐like factor 3 (ELF3), which is a key transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the IL‐1α‐induced reduction of type II collagen. Also, the overexpression of ELF3 abolished the protective effects of vorinostat against IL‐1α‐induced loss of type 2 collagen by inhibiting the expression of SOX‐9 whilst increasing the expression of MMP‐13. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vorinostat might prevent cartilage destruction by rescuing the reduction of type II collagen, mediated by the suppression of ELF3.
Disturbed mitochondrial redox state and tissue energy charge in cholestasis
Authors: Ghanbarinejad Vahid , Ommati Mohammad M. , Jia Zhipeng , Farshad Omid , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Heidari Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe liver is the primary organ affected by cholestasis. However, the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney are also severely influenced by cholestasis/cirrhosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of organ injury in cholestasis. The current study was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial glutathione redox state as a significant index in cell death. Moreover, tissue energy charge (EC) was calculated. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle mitochondria were assessed at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). A significant decrease in mitochondrial glutathione redox state and EC was detected in BDL animals. Moreover, disturbed mitochondrial indices were evident in different organs of BDL rats. These data could offer new insight into the mechanisms of organ injury and the source of oxidative stress during cholestasis and might provide novel therapeutic strategies against these complications.
Identifying and validating emotion regulation latent profiles and their relationship with affective variables
Authors: de Carvalho Braule Pinto André L. , R. Pasian Sonia , F. Malloy‐Diniz Leandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated and validated the presence of emotion regulation profiles in an adult sample.MethodIn a cross‐sectional study, 1165 individuals completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Following Affective States Test (FAST). Sample was divided into three to establish and validate emotion regulation profiles using a latent profile analysis.ResultsSample 1 (n = 375) showed three different profiles: dysregulated, adapted, and unaware regulator. Sample 2 (n = 390) shows a consistent pattern with the same number of profiles that remained stable over time. In Sample 3 (n = 400), we validate and find that cognitive reappraisal and lack of awareness were essential to differentiating profiles.ConclusionsThree emotional regulation profiles differ due to the levels of positive/negative affect and the propensity to avoid/follow emotions, increasing the understanding of how different regulatory strategies interact and explain different outcomes with mental health.
Managing the unexpected: The role of homeless service providers during the 2017–2018 California wildfires
Authors: Gin June L. , Balut Michelle D. , Der‐Martirosian Claudia , Dobalian Aram 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople experiencing homelessness during the 2017–2018 California wildfires faced significant risks of disruption. Homeless service organizations (HSOs) are an essential safety net for this population. To learn about how HSOs performed during the wildfires, this study interviewed U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) staff overseeing HSOs providing transitional housing under the VA's Grant and Per Diem (GPD) program to Veterans experiencing homelessness. We employed a comparative case study approach exploring GPD organizations' disaster response actions, including evacuating Veterans from wildfire‐affected areas or taking in disaster‐displaced Veterans. This article presents three themes in the GPD organizations' disaster response: (1) Organizations benefitted from close collaboration and communication with the VA during the disaster, creating a safety net to ensure Veterans' well‐being and enact rapid re‐housing to prevent homelessness; (2) Organization staff performed heroically under stressful disaster conditions; and (3) Organizations benefitted from the written disaster plans that VA requires them to create, but were not as well‐prepared for wildfires as they had been for earthquakes. As emergent threats such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, wildfires, and a very active 2020 hurricane season amplify the importance of mitigating risks, comprehensive disaster planning is needed to ensure the safety and support of people experiencing homelessness.
Oriented diameter of maximal outerplanar graphs
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Chen Yaojun , Dankelmann Peter , Guo Yubao , Surmacs Michel , Volkmann Lutz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet be a finite connected undirected graph and a strong orientation of . The diameter of , denoted by , is the maximum directed distance between any two vertices of . The oriented diameter of is defined as
In this paper, we show that for any maximal outerplanar graph of order , with four exceptions, and the upper bound is sharp.
Turán numbers for disjoint paths
Authors: Yuan Long‐Tu , Zhang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Turán number of a graph , ex, is the maximum number of edges in a graph of order that does not contain a copy of as a subgraph. Lidický, Liu and Palmer determined ex for sufficiently large and proved that the extremal graph is unique, where is the union of pairwise vertex‐disjoint paths on vertices. There are a few kinds of graphs for which ex are known exactly for all , including cliques, matchings, paths, cycles on odd number of vertices and some other special graphs. In this paper, using a different approach from Lidický, Liu and Palmer, we determine ex for all integers when at most one of is odd. Furthermore, we show that there exists a family of pairs of bipartite graphs such that for all integers , which is related to an old problem of Erdős and Simonovits.
Updated SARS‐CoV‐2 single nucleotide variants and mortality association
Authors: Fang Shuyi , Liu Sheng , Shen Jikui , Lu Alex Z , Wang Audrey K. Y. , Zhang Yucheng , Li Kailing , Liu Juli , Yang Lei , Hu Chang‐Deng , Wan Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBy analyzing newly collected SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and comparing them with our previous study about SARS‐CoV‐2 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) before June 2020, we found that the SNV clustering had changed remarkably since June 2020. Apart from that the group of SNVs became dominant, which is represented by two nonsynonymous mutations A23403G (S:D614G) and C14408T (ORF1ab:P4715L), a few emerging groups of SNVs were recognized with sharply increased monthly incidence ratios of up to 70% in November 2020. Further investigation revealed sets of SNVs specific to patients' ages and/or gender, or strongly associated with mortality. Our logistic regression model explored features contributing to mortality status, including three critical SNVs, G25088T(S:V1176F), T27484C (ORF7a:L31L), and T25A (upstream of ORF1ab), ages above 40 years old, and the male gender. The protein structure analysis indicated that the emerging subgroups of nonsynonymous SNVs and the mortality‐related ones were located on the protein surface area. The clashes in protein structure introduced by these mutations might in turn affect the viral pathogenesis through the alteration of protein conformation, leading to a difference in transmission and virulence. Particularly, we explored the fact that nonsynonymous SNVs tended to occur in intrinsic disordered regions of Spike and ORF1ab to significantly increase hydrophobicity, suggesting a potential role in the change of protein folding related to immune evasion.
Would it be possible to use nonpathogenic fungi to improve the turnover of crop residues?
Authors: Kamkar Behnam , Razavi Seyed Esmaeil , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza , López‐Bernal Álvaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed to assess the suitability of four fungal species for operating in the residues of three crops in Golestan province, Iran. For this, four experiments were conducted to analyze their ability to grow on five culture media (Experiment I) and on the residues (Experiment II) and their growth responses to different pHs (Experiment III) and temperature levels (Experiment IV). Then, the possibility of establishing these fungi in the cultivated lands of studied crops was examined. Fungal growth was high on soybean and cotton residues and low on those of rice, and all the fungi produced a significant reduction in the carbon to nitrogen ratios in relation to noninoculated residues. The amount of nitrogen in fungal‐treated cotton residues increased about four times compared with the control and in other studied residues increased twice as much as the control. The lowest C:N values for cotton and rice residues were found for Pleurotus ostreatus while Aspergillus niger was the most efficient for those of soybean. The results also showed that these fungi will not show the best performance in respect to temperature and pH, but will not be ineffective. The results could be the basis for further studies on the use of these fungi to improve nutrient cycling, focusing on multicriteria zoning on climatic and soil‐related components.
Surgical data science and artificial intelligence for surgical education
Authors: Ward Thomas M. , Mascagni Pietro , Madani Amin , Padoy Nicolas , Perretta Silvana , Hashimoto Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurgical data science (SDS) aims to improve the quality of interventional healthcare and its value through the capture, organization, analysis, and modeling of procedural data. As data capture has increased and artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced, SDS can help to unlock augmented and automated coaching, feedback, assessment, and decision support in surgery. We review major concepts in SDS and AI as applied to surgical education and surgical oncology.
The evolution of surgical virtual education and telementoring: One surgeon's journey
Authors: Rosser James “Butch” , Nitsche Lindsay , Yee Gabrielle , Alam Harris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe first era of the global proliferation of surgical advancements involved surgical infection rate and technique breakthroughs by Lister, Halsted, and others. This was propagated by letters, academic papers, and international visits. While success was achieved, it was at a suboptimal pace. In the current era of minimally invasive surgical approaches, these methods are inadequate. This paper chronicles the development and application of virtual learning and telementoring as force multipliers to speed procedural adoption and proliferation.
Fecal microbiota transplantation does not alter bacterial translocation and visceral adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with obesity
Authors: Bakker Guido J. , Meijnikman Abraham S. , Scheithauer Torsten P. , Davids Mark , Aydin Ömrüm , Boerlage Thomas C. C. , de Brauw L. Maurits , van de Laar Arnold W. , Gerdes Victor E. , Groen Albert K. , van Raalte Daniël H. , Herrema Hilde , Nieuwdorp Max 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsVisceral adipose tissue inflammation is a fundamental mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Translocation of intestinal bacteria has been suggested as a driving factor for the inflammation. However, although bacterial DNA was detected in visceral adipose tissue of humans with obesity, it is unclear to what extent this is contamination or whether the gut microbiota is causally involved. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on bacterial translocation and visceral adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance were assessed.Material and MethodsEight individuals with clinically severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] >35 kg/m2) and metabolic syndrome received lean donor FMT 4 weeks prior to elective bariatric surgery. The participants were age‐, sex‐, and BMI‐matched to 16 controls that underwent no fecal transplantation. Visceral adipose tissue was collected during surgery. Bacterial translocation was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of adipose tissue and feces. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression and histopathological analyses of visceral adipose tissue were performed to assess inflammation.ResultsFecal microbiota transplantation significantly altered gut microbiota composition. Visceral adipose tissue contained a very low quantity of bacterial DNA in both groups. No difference in visceral bacterial DNA content between groups was observed. Also, visceral expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration did not differ between groups. No correlation between inflammatory tone and bacterial translocation was observed.ConclusionsVisceral bacterial DNA content and level of inflammation were not altered upon FMT. Thus, bacterial translocation may not be the main driver of visceral adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.