bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Peritoneal Tissue
Authors: ARRIERO MARÍA M. , RODRÍGUEZ-FEO JUAN A. , CELDRÁN ÁNGEL , MIGUEL LOURDES SÁNCHEZ DE , GONZÁLEZ-FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO , FORTES JOSÉ , REYERO ANA , FRIEYRO OCTAVIO , PINTA JUAN C. DE LA , FRANCO ANGELES , PASTOR CARLOS , CASADO SANTOS , LÓPEZ-FARRÉ ANTONIO 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Changes in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the peritoneum could be involved in the peritoneal dysfunction associated with peritoneal inflammation. Demonstrated recently in bovine endothelial cells was the existence of cytosolic proteins that bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of eNOS mRNA and could be implicated in eNOS mRNA stabilization. The present work demonstrates that eNOS protein is expressed in human endothelial and mesothelial peritoneal cells. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide shortened the half-life of eNOS message, reducing eNOS protein expression in peritoneal mesothelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, under basal conditions, human peritoneal samples expressed cytosolic proteins that bind to the 3′-UTR of eNOS mRNA. The cytosolic proteins that directly bind to 3′-UTR were identified as a 60-kD protein. After incubation of human peritoneal samples with lipopolysaccharide, the binding activity of the cytosolic 60-kD protein increased in a time-dependent manner. Studies are now necessary to determine the involvement of this 60-kD protein in the regulation of eNOS expression in peritoneal cells and particularly its involvement in the peritoneal dysfunction associated with inflammatory reactions.
A Meta-Analysis of Immunosuppression Withdrawal Trials in Renal Transplantation
Authors: KASISKE BERTRAM L. , CHAKKERA HARINI A. , LOUIS THOMAS A. , MA JENNIE Z. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Since the publication of previous meta-analyses of cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone withdrawal in renal transplant recipients, several additional randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up have been reported. Currently, in nine prednisone withdrawal trials (n = 1461), the proportion of patients with acute rejection was increased by 0.14 (95% confidence interval = 0.10 to 0.17, P < 0.001). In nine prednisone withdrawal trials (n = 1899), the relative risk (RR; RR = 1.0 indicates no risk) of graft failure after withdrawal was also increased (RR = 1.40; range, 1.09 to 1.70, P = 0.012). There was no evidence of between-study heterogeneity for either acute rejection or graft failure in the prednisone withdrawal trials by a χ2 test (P > 0.05). In 10 CsA withdrawal trials (n = 1049), the proportion of patients with acute rejection was increased by 0.11 (0.07 to 0.15, P < 0.001). In 12 trials (n = 1151), the RR of graft failure after CsA withdrawal was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.29, P = 0.646), but a χ2 test indicated that there was study heterogeneity. However, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the six studies (n = 632) with at least 4.0 yr (5.8 ± 1.7) of follow-up (RR = 0.92; range, 0.64 to 1.20, P = 0.569) or in the seven trials (n = 962) published in peer-reviewed journals (RR = 0.95; range, 0.70 to 1.20 P = 0.682). Finally, in three trials (n = 259) that compared CsA and prednisone withdrawal, there was a nonsignificant trend for less graft failure with CsA withdrawal (RR = 0.63; range, 0.08 to 1.16, P = 0.190). Thus, unlike prednisone withdrawal, CsA withdrawal in select patients seems to impart little risk of long-term graft failure.
PTH-Induced Downregulation of the Type IIa Na/Pi-Cotransporter Is Independent of Known Endocytic Motifs
Authors: HERNANDO NATI , FORGO JUTKA , BIBER JU[Combining Diaeresis]RG , MURER HEINI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced inhibition of renal proximal tubular Na/Pi cotransport involves two consecutive steps: endocytosis followed by lysosomal degradation of the type IIa Na/Pi cotransporter. Tyrosine-, dileucine-, and diacidic-based motifs are suggested to be involved in endocytosis and/or lysosomal targeting of different plasma membrane proteins. The rat type IIa cotransporter (NaPi2) contains two cytoplasmic tyrosine residues (Y) within sequences highly homologous to tyrosine-based motifs (GY402FAM and Y509RWF), three cytoplasmic dileucine (LL101, LL374, and LI591) and two cytoplasmic diacidic motifs (EE81 and EE616). We studied the role of these motifs on the PTH-induced retrieval and lysosomal degradation of the NaPi2 cotransporter. To follow its trafficking in vivo, the NaPi2 protein was fused to the carboxyl-terminal end of the enhanced green fluorescence protein. This fusion did not impair the apical targeting or the PTH-induced endocytosis of the wild-type cotransporter when transfected in opossum kidney cells. Single and multiple Y and LL mutants retained the apical targeting and the PTH-induced degradation. Mutations of the diacidic motifs were also without effect. These data suggest that the above three motifs are not required for the PTH-induced internalization and/or degradation of the cotransporter.
Rats Transgenic for Human Renin and Human Angiotensinogen as a Model for Gestational Hypertension
Authors: BOHLENDER JU[Combining Diaeresis]RGEN , GANTEN DETLEV , LUFT FRIEDRICH C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Animal models of gestational hypertension are problematic. A novel mouse model was described earlier. The dams in that study were transgenic for human angiotensinogen and the sires for human renin; human renin was expressed in and produced by the placenta. This model was adapted to the rat, which has greater utility in terms of chronic instrumentation and physiologic measurements. Female rats transgenic for human angiotensinogen were mated with rats transgenic for human renin. Telemetry BP increased on day 5 of pregnancy from 110/80 mmHg to as high as 180/140 mmHg, while heart rate increased slightly. The renin transgene was expressed in the placenta, which resulted in increased human plasma renin concentration from 0 to 937 ± 800 ng angiotensin I ml/h; the values returned to 0 after delivery. Female rats transgenic for human renin that were mated with male rats transgenic for human angiotensinogen in contrast exhibited a decrease in BP. In these rats, human angiotensinogen in plasma remained undetectable. Double transgenic offspring of these transgenic rats developed hypertension and end-organ damage, regardless of the source of the transgenes. The conclusion is that transgenic rats that bear human renin and angiotensinogen genes make an attractive model for gestational hypertension. The rat model will have greater utility than the mouse model.
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin- 13 Act on Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells
Authors: VAN DEN BERG JOSÉ G. , ATEN JAN , CHAND M. ANWAR , CLAESSEN NIKE , DIJKINK LISETTE , WIJDENES JOHN , LAKKIS FADI G. , WEENING JAN J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
In minimal change nephrosis (MCN), proteinuria is associated with structural changes of the glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GVEC). The occurrence of MCN has been associated with T-helper2 lymphocyte-dependent conditions. To examine a direct role for type 2 cytokines in GVEC injury, the expression of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptors by GVEC and direct effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on GVEC were studied. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that isolated human and rat glomeruli and cultured human and rat GVEC expressed mRNA for IL-4Rα, IL-13Rα1, and IL-13Rα2. Protein expression of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2 by GVEC in human kidney biopsies and by cultured human GVEC was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting demonstrated phosphorylation of STAT6 in cultured GVEC upon incubation with IL-4 or IL-13. This indicated signal transduction via the heterodimeric receptor complex IL-4R2, which is composed of the IL-4Rα and the IL-13Rα1. Direct effects on GVEC function were examined in monolayer experiments. IL-4 and IL-13 dose-dependently decreased transepithelial electrical resistance of monolayers of rat GVEC to approximately 30 and 40% of baseline values, respectively. The transepithelial electrical resistance decrease was associated with a significant increase in short-circuit current, whereas no changes were observed in the transmonolayer flux of the macromolecules horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight, 44 kD) and 14C-mannitol (molecular weight, 182 Da). No changes in cell structure were observed with electron microscopy. It is concluded that by binding to specific IL-4/IL-13 receptors, IL-4 and IL-13 can exert specific effects on GVEC function, which could be of pathogenetic relevance for glomerular injury in MCN.
Time Dependency of Factors Affecting Renal Allograft Survival
Authors: PROMMOOL SURAZEE , JHANGRI GIAN S. , COCKFIELD SANDRA M. , HALLORAN PHILIP F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The function of renal transplants can deteriorate at any time posttransplant, but the risks and mechanisms may differ at different times posttransplant. Survival of 522 consecutive cadaveric renal transplant recipients followed for at least 6 mo were analyzed, with patient death censored. The overall risk factors in univariate analysis were acute rejection requiring antibody therapy (AR), delayed graft function, elevated serum creatinine at 6 mo, high panel-reactive antibodies, and donor age ≥55 yr, with borderline effects of recipient age and female gender. These risks were studied in each of three intervals posttransplantation: ≤6 mo, 6 mo to 5 yr, and >5 yr. Of the 135 graft failures, 53 occurred ≤6 mo, 61 between 6 mo and 5 yr, and 21 beyond 5 yr. By multivariate analysis, the risks for graft failure in interval ≤6 mo were AR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.86, P < 0.001); delayed graft function (HR = 1.47, P = 0.06); and high panel-reactive antibodies (HR = 2.04, P = 0.03). Between 6 mo and 5 yr, the risks for graft loss were AR (HR = 2.87, P < 0.001) and serum creatinine at 6 mo ≥150 μmol/L (HR = 3.69, P < 0.001). Beyond 5 yr the risk factors were donor age ≥55 yr (HR = 5.87, P = 0.002), with a borderline effect of kidneys from female donors (HR = 2.28, P = 0.07). HLA-A, -B, and -DR matching and presensitization had most of their effect through early AR and impaired function. The results indicate that risks for graft loss are time-dependent: early losses correlate with injury and rejection, but late events correlate with donor age and possibly workload.
Ground-Motion Intensity Measure Correlations on Interface and Intraslab Subduction Zone Earthquakes Using the NGA-Sub Database
Authors: Macedo Jorge , Liu Chenying 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe NGA-Sub (subduction zone earthquake) database developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research center is used to derive new correlation coefficients for a number of ground-motion intensity measure (IM) parameters from ground motions in subduction zone earthquakes, considering both interface and intraslab tectonic settings. The IMs include peak ground acceleration, pseudospectral accelerations with periods from 0.01 to 10 s, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, peak ground velocity, and significant duration. Comparisons of the estimated correlation coefficients for ground motions from the interface and intraslab tectonic settings generally show a good agreement. Our estimations are also in good agreement with correlation coefficients estimated in previous studies that used ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes, supporting the concept that any variation in correlation coefficients comes from spectral shape (i.e., the distribution of peaks and troughs) rather than tectonic region. This study also explores the influence of parameters such as magnitude, distance, and site conditions on the estimated correlation coefficients. We did not find apparent trends of the correlation coefficients with respect to these parameters. Finally, we propose analytical models to estimate correlation coefficients between the IMs explored in this study, considering both subduction interface and intraslab tectonic settings.
Conditional Ground-Motion Models for Horizontal Peak Ground Displacement for Active Crustal Regions
Authors: Sung Chih-Hsuan , Abrahamson Norman A. , Huang Jyun-Yan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTGround-motion models (GMMs) are developed for peak ground displacement (PGD) and for bandlimited PGD based on strong-motion data that has been filtered as part of standard processing and the total PGD that includes the tectonic deformation as well as the vibratory ground motion. For the bandlimited PGD, we develop conditional ground-motion models (CGMMs) using subsets of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (NGA-W2) database and the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering Taiwan Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee level 3 project database. The CGMM approach includes the observed pseudospectral acceleration (PSA(T)) as an input parameter in addition to magnitude and distance. The period of the PSA(T) is used as an input parameter; it is magnitude dependent and is based on the period for which there is the highest correlation between the ln(PGD) and ln(PSA(T)). Two CGMMs are developed: a global model based on the NGA-W2 data and a region-specific model for Taiwan. The conditional PGD models are combined with traditional GMMs for PSA(T) values to develop GMMs for both the median and standard deviation of PGD without the dependence on PSA. A second set of PGD GMMs are developed to correct for two factors: the effect of the high-pass filtering from standard record processing and the stronger large magnitude (M&gt;6.5) scaling due to tectonic deformation. For magnitudes greater than 7, the PGD values from the total PGD GMMs are 2–5 times larger than the bandlimited PGD values based on the strong-motion data sets, but the increase is at very long periods. The appropriate PGD model to use, bandlimited PGD or total PGD, depends on the period range of interest for the specific engineering application.
lsforce: A Python-Based Single-Force Seismic Inversion Framework for Massive Landslides
Authors: Toney Liam , Allstadt Kate E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present an open-source Python package, lsforce, for performing single-force source inversions of long-period (tens to hundreds of seconds) seismic signals. Although the software is designed primarily for landslides, it can be used for any single-force seismic source. The package allows users to produce estimates of the three-component time series of forces exerted on the Earth by a landslide with postprocessing options to estimate the trajectory of its center of mass. Green’s functions for a user-selected 1D Earth model are obtained automatically from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Synthetics Engine webservice or can be computed for custom 1D Earth models using Computer Programs in Seismology. lsforce implements the two most commonly used source parameterizations: a fully flexible, high-resolution approach and a more stable but lower-resolution method of overlapping triangle sources. Regularization options include a blended zeroth-, first-, and second-order semiautomated Tikhonov regularization scheme, as well as additional optional constraints on start times, end times, and on the sum of forces. Uncertainty due to data selection can be assessed using either a leave-one-out approach or a modified jackknife technique that randomly excludes subsets of the data for multiple re-inversions. Numerous built-in plotting methods allow for easy quality control and assessment of results. In this article, we briefly outline the theory and methodology, describe our implementation, and demonstrate the usage of lsforce using the well-studied 28 June 2016 Lamplugh rock avalanche in Alaska. Despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of landslide single-force inversions in the landslide and seismology literature over the past decade, to our knowledge this is the first open-source code for performing such inversions.
Peran Konsultan Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Nugraheni Agustina Prativi , Sunaningsih Suci Nasehati , Khabibah Nibras Anny 
Published: April 2021

Taxpayer compliance has always been an interesting topic in research. Previous research has often analyzed factors that have an impact on taxpayer compliance. This study aims to raise other factor that may have an impact on taxpayer compliance. The research method used a qualitative approach, namely descriptive research. The data used in this study are from journals and documents. Furthermore, the observation was carried out with data collection techniques through surveys. The results show that consultants play a role in influencing taxpayer obedient behavior and helping taxpayers carry out their tax obligations.Keywords: Tax Consultant; Tax Compliance; TaxpayerAbstrak: Kepatuhan wajib pajak selalu menjadi topic menarik dalam penelitian. Penelitian sebelumnya sering menganalisis factor yang memiliki dampak pada kepatuhan wajib pajak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengangkat faktor lain yang kemungkinan berdampak pada kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Data yang dipergunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dari jurnal dan dokumen. Selanjutnya dilakukan obseravasi dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsultan berperan dalam mempengaruhi perilaku taat wajib pajak serta membantu wajib pajak melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakan. Kata Kunci: Konsultan Pajak, Kepatuhan Pajak, Wajib Pajak
Continuing COVID vaccination will break the chain of virus transmission: myth or reality
Authors: Pasi Achhelal R. 
Published: April 2021

As countries roll out vaccines that prevent COVID-19, many scientists are reluctant to say with certainty that the vaccines prevent person to person transmission. All the vaccines authorised for emergency use do this,however there are no conclusive evidence that the COVID-19 vaccine prevents the infection. The limited data available suggests that the vaccines will at least partly reduce transmission, and the studies to determine this with more clarity are underway. One should wait for more data and conclusive evidence to make a statement like “ongoing COVID vaccination will break the chain of transmission”. A vaccine that is highly effective at preventing people from acquiring infection would help to reduce transmission, and till then we need to follow the COVID prevention measures. The best way to prevent infection from COVID-19 is to avoid exposure to the virus.aCOVID-19 is the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) whose main mode of transmission between people, is when an infected person is in close contact with another person, apart from fomite and airborne transmission. Infection occurs when virus enters in the body and begin to multiply while disease occurs when the cells in the body are damaged — as a result of the infection — and signs and symptoms of an illness appear. Approximately 40% to 45% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain asymptomatic and asymptomatic persons can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to others. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections have been demonstrated to present with viral loads similar to symptomatic infections. Contact tracing and modelling studies suggest presymptomatic and asymptomatic patients are responsible for approximately 50% of all COVID-19 transmission events.
PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMILIHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH IBU-IBU DI SURABAYA
Authors: Oktaviani Arina Rahma , Takwiman Azan , Santoso Desyta Ajeng Trisna , Hanaratri Elma Oktavia , Damayanti Errina , Maghfiroh Lailatul , Putri Mega Meiana , Maharani Nofika Agung , Maulida Risda , Oktadela Viola Arsideva , Yuda Ana 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan pemilihan obat tradisional oleh ibu-ibu di Surabaya, menggunakan metode cross sectional dan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 150 ibu-ibu yang sudah atau pernah berkeluarga, memiliki anak, dan sedang atau pernah mengkonsumsi obat tradisional dalam waktu 2 bulan terakhir. Teknik sampling dilakukan secara non random. Hasil yang didapat, 1.33% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan rendah, 62,67% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan sedang, dan 36% responden mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan tinggi. Masalah kesehatan yang pernah ditangani dengan obat tradisional paling banyak secara berturut-turut adalah pegal linu/nyeri, batuk pilek, dan demam. Sebanyak 86 responden memilih menggunakan obat tradisional sebagai upaya pencegahan, 48 responden menjadikan sebagai pilihan utama setiap mengalami gangguan kesehatan, dan 31 reponden menggunakan ketika penyakit tidak membaik dengan obat modern. Sebagian besar responden memilih kerabat atau teman sebagai sumber informasi dalam pemilhan obat tradisional dan hanya 17 yang bertanya kepada tenaga kesehatan. Pada saat menerima terapi obat modern, 36 responden menghentikan penggunaan obat tradisional, sementara 18 responden menggunakan keduanya tanpa berkonsultasi dengan tenaga kesehatan. Tempat mendapatkan obat tradisonal yang paling banyak adalah apotek sebanyak 45 responden, toko kelontong sebanyak 35 responden, dan 33 responden membeli dari toko obat cina (istilah lokal untuk toko obat yang dikelola atau dimiliki oleh etnis Tionghoa).
DIMORFISMO SEXUAL EM TOMOGRAFIAS COMPUTADORIZADAS DE CRÂNIOS DE BRASILEIROS
Authors: Almeida Fernanda Cristina , Carvalho Cardozo Ana Flavia de , Ulbricht Viviane , Pereira Neto João Sarmento , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Francesquini Júnior Luiz 
Published: April 2021

Buscou-se estimar o sexo por meio de medidas lineares obtidas em 200 tomografias computadorizadas (TCs) de crânios e mandíbulas do Biobanco Osteológico e Tomográfico da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba. Foram realizadas sete medidas lineares (parede posterior da sela turca à espinha nasal anterior; parede posterior da sela turca ao zígio direito; parede posterior da sela turca ao zígio esquerdo; zígio direito ao zígio esquerdo; forame infra-orbitário direito ao forame infra-orbitário esquerdo; forame infra-orbitário esquerdo à espinha nasal anterior e; forame infra-orbitário direito à espinha nasal anterior) utilizando o software OnDemand3D™. Para calibração foi usado o Teste estatístico ICC (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse), segundo Szklo e Nieto (2000) e a análise dos dados utilizou o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste t, o teste de Pearson e uma regressão logística pelo método de Stepwise-Forward (Wald) e teste de Shapiro-Wilke e Levene para analisar a distribuição e a igualdade de variâncias das variáveis, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas realizadas apresentaram dimorfismo, exceto a medida forame infra-orbitário direito ao forame infra-orbitário esquerdo. Foi possível criar um modelo de regressão logística [Logito Almeida=36.560+(-0.088*PPST-ENA)+(-0.233*ZD-ZE)+0.140*FIO E-FIO D+(-0.194*FIOE-ENA)], este resulta em 79.1% de sensibilidade, 84.4% de especificidade e 82.0% de acurácia. Concluiu-se que o modelo de regressão logística obtido permite a estimativa do sexo em TCs de brasileiros, podendo ser utilizado como metodologia auxiliar no processo de identificação humana.