bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal binding is enhanced in social contexts
Authors: Vogel David H. V. , Jording Mathis , Esser Carolin , Weiss Peter H. , Vogeley Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTemporal binding (TB) refers to an underestimation of time intervals between two events, most commonly for actions and their effects. This temporal contraction is measurable for both perceived changes in social stimuli such as faces, as well as for interactions with a partner. We investigated TB in two separate experiments to uncover the individual influences of (i) participants’ belief in an interaction with a human partner (as compared to a computer), and (ii) a face-like stimulus versus an abstract stimulus mediating the interaction. The results show that TB is more pronounced when self-initiated actions result in a personal event as opposed to a mere physical effect, being suggestive of a “social hyperbinding.” The social hyperbinding effect appeared to be driven both by the belief in interacting with another person and by a face-like stimulus. However, there seemed to be no further enhancing effect when combining the top-down processes (“beliefs”) with the bottom-up processes (“perceptions”). These findings suggest a prioritization of social information for TB regardless of whether this information is introduced by top-down (beliefs) or bottom-up information (stimuli). Our results add to existing literature demonstrating an increase in action-event monitoring for social cues.
Outcome unpredictability affects outcome-specific motivation to learn
Authors: Hartanto Genisius , Livesey Evan , Griffiths Oren , Lachnit Harald , Thorwart Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOutcome predictability effects in associative learning paradigms describe better learning about outcomes with a history of greater predictability in a similar but unrelated task compared with outcomes with a history of unpredictability. Inspired by the similarities between this phenomenon and the effect of uncontrollability in learned helplessness paradigms, here, we investigate whether learning about unpredictability decreases outcome-specific motivation to learn. We used a modified version of the allergy task, in which participants first observe the foods eaten by a fictitious patient, followed by allergic reactions that he subsequently suffers, some of which are perfectly predictable and others unpredictable. We then implemented an active learning method in a second task in which participants could only learn about either the previously predictable or unpredictable outcomes on each trial. At the beginning of each trial, participants had to decide whether they wanted to learn about one outcome category or the other. Participants at the beginning of the second task chose to learn about the previously predictable outcomes first and to learn about the previously unpredictable outcomes in later trials. This showed that unpredictability affects future motivation to learn in other circumstances. Interestingly, we did not find any sign of outcome predictability effect at the end of the second phase, suggesting that participants compensate for biased outcome sampling when making overt choices in ways that they may not when learning about both outcome categories simultaneously.
ANALISIS PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL INDEKS TUNGGAL
Authors: Amtiran Paulina Yuritha , Kein Maria Yosefa , Ndoen Wehelmina Mariana 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan portofolio saham optimal sebagai dasar penetapan investasi pada saham perusahaan yang berada dalam perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah periode 2015-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah 20 perusahaan yang berada dalam perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Pemilihan sampel ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria adalah 1). Perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2019, 2). Perusahaan yang menerbitkan laporan keuangan tahunan di Bursa Efek Indonesia secara berturut-turut selama tahun pengamatan dari tahun 2015-2019, 3). Perusahaan makanan dan minuman tidak memiliki krisis keuangan selama periode 2015-2019, sehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 8 saham. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model indeks tunggal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 8 saham yang dijadikan sampel, terdapat 2 saham yang masuk kedalam kandidat portofolio optimal. Kedua saham tersebut adalah perusahaan Parasida Aneka Niaga (PSDN) dan perusahaan Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia (CEKA) dengan proporsi dana masing-masing sebesar 0,9470% dan 0,0530 Kedua saham tersebut mempunyai nilai expected return yang akan diperoleh investor sebesar 0,0113 (1,13%) dengan risiko yang akan ditanggung oleh investor atas investasi yang dilakukan yaitu sebesar 0,1092 (10,92%).
PERAN COREPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Muttaqin Muhammad , Muhidin Muhidin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership, managerial ownership and foreign ownership on firm value with corporate social responbility disclosure as an mediating variable. The population of this research is the textile and garment sectors companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015 until 2019. The sampling technique using purposive sampling method with total sample 50 of 10 companies. Further this study uses data analysys through multiple linear regressions with two steps using by SPSS version 16. The result showed that ownership structure has an effect on the CSR disclosure simultaneously, other result show that ownership structure has no effect on CSR disclosure partially. The result also shows that ownership structure and CSR disclosure have affect on firm value simultaneously. Than while partially institutional ownership and foreign ownership have negative impact on firm value. Meanwhile managerial ownership and CSR disclosure has no effect on firm value, and CSR disclosure is not an mediating of structure ownership on firm value. Keywords: Structure Ownership, Institusional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Foreign Ownership, CSR Disclosure, Firm Value. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan asing terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan pengungkapan CSR sebagai variabel intervening. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor tekstil dan garmen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2015 sampai 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 50 dari 10 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan struktur kepemilikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR, hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan secara partial struktur kepemilikan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan dan pengungkapan CSR secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kemudian yang secara parsial kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan asing memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Sementara kepemilikan manajerial dan pengungkapan CSR tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan pengungkapan CSR bukan sebagai mediating dari stuktur kepemilikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Struktur Kepemilikan, Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Asing, Pengungkapan CSR, Nilai Perusahaan.
PENERAPAN E-FILING, PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN DAN SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN SUKARELA WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Fitria Rika , Muiz Enong 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan e-Filing, pengetahuan perpajakan, sosialisasi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak yang memiliki NPWP dan sudah menggunakan e-Filing. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 50 responden. Pengambilan sampel digunakan dengan metode accidental sampling. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh secara primer melalui kuesioner yang disebar kepada Wajib Pajak dengan bantuan google form. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis akuntansi, uji kualitas data, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-Filing berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,032 0,05 dan nilai thitung sebesar 2,215 ttabel = 2,012. Pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,046 0,005 dan nilai thitung sebesar 2,049 ttabel = 2,012. Sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,020 0,05 dan nilai thitung sebesar 2,313 ttabel = 2,012. Berdasarkan uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan e-Filing, pengetahuan perpajakan dan sosialisasi perpajakan berpengaruh positif serta signifikan terhadap variable kepatuhan sukarela Wajib Pajak dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 0,000 0,05, dan nilai Fhitung sebesar 31.954 Ftabel sebesar 2,80.Kata Kunci : E-Filing, Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Kepatuhan Sukarela Wajib Pajak
Dynamical Tidal Locking Theory: A New Source of the Spin of Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Ebrahimian E. , Abolhasani A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We revisit the question of what mechanism is responsible for the spins of halos of dark matter. The answer to this question is of high importance for modeling galaxy intrinsic alignment, which can potentially contaminate current and future lensing data. In particular, we show that when the dark matter halos pass nearly each other in dense environments—namely halo assemblies—they swing and spin each other via exerting mutual tidal torques. We show that this has a significant contribution to the spin of dark matter halos comparable to that calculated by the so-called tidal torque theory. We use the results of the state-of-the-art simulation of Illutris to check the prediction of this theory against the simulation data.
Observational Signature of Tightly Wound Spirals Driven by Buoyancy Resonances in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Bae Jaehan , Teague Richard , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Besides the spirals induced by the Lindblad resonances, planets can generate a family of tightly wound spirals through buoyancy resonances. The excitation of buoyancy resonances depends on the thermal relaxation timescale of the gas. By computing timescales of various processes associated with thermal relaxation, namely, radiation, diffusion, and gas–dust collision, we show that the thermal relaxation in protoplanetary disks’ surface layers (Z/R ≳ 0.1) and outer disks (R ≳ 100 au) is limited by infrequent gas–dust collisions. The use of the isothermal equation of state or rapid cooling, common in protoplanetary disk simulations, is therefore not justified. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we show that the collision-limited slow thermal relaxation provides favorable conditions for buoyancy resonances to develop. Buoyancy resonances produce predominantly vertical motions, whose magnitude at the 12CO emission surface is of the order of 100 m s−1 for Jovian-mass planets, sufficiently large to detect using molecular line observations with ALMA. We generate synthetic observations and describe characteristic features of buoyancy resonances in Keplerian-subtracted moment maps and velocity channel maps. Based on the morphology and magnitude of the perturbation, we propose that the tightly wound spirals observed in TW Hya could be driven by a (sub-)Jovian-mass planet at 90 au. We discuss how non-Keplerian motions driven by buoyancy resonances can be distinguished from those driven by other origins. We argue that observations of multiple lines tracing different heights, with sufficiently high spatial/spectral resolution and sensitivity to separate the emission arising from the near and far sides of the disk, will help constrain the origin of non-Keplerian motions.
Prospects for Detecting Gravitational Waves from Eccentric Subsolar Mass Compact Binaries
Authors: Wang 王一 Yi-Fan 帆 , Nitz Alexander H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to their small mass, subsolar mass black hole binaries would have to be primordial in origin instead of the result of stellar evolution. Soon after formation in the early universe, primordial black holes can form binaries after decoupling from the cosmic expansion. Alternatively, primordial black holes as dark matter could also form binaries in the late universe due to dynamical encounters and gravitational-wave braking. A significant feature for this channel is the possibility that some sources retain nonzero eccentricity in the LIGO/Virgo band. Assuming all dark matter is primordial black holes with a delta function mass distribution, 1M
⊙–1M
⊙ binaries formed in this late-universe channel can be detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo with their design sensitivities at a rate of

yr−1, where 12%(3%) of events have eccentricity at a gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz, e
10 Hz ≥ 0.01(0.1), and nondetection can constrain the binary formation rate within this model. Third generation detectors would be expected to detect subsolar mass eccentric binaries as light as 0.01M
⊙ within this channel, if they accounted for the majority of the dark matter. Furthermore, we use simulated gravitational-wave data to study the ability to search for eccentric gravitational-wave signals using a quasi-circular waveform template bank with Advanced LIGO design sensitivity. For a match-filtering targeted search, assuming binaries with a delta function mass of 0.1(1)M
⊙ and the eccentricity distribution derived from this late-universe formation channel, 41%(6%) of the signals would be missed compared to the ideal detection rate due to the mismatch in the gravitational-wave signal from eccentricity.
Elemental Abundances of Prominence Material inside ICMEs
Authors: Lepri Susan T. , Rivera Yeimy J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A small number of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) have been identified that contain measurable contributions from prominence plasma. In situ measurements from during these events are marked by the presence of unusually low-charge states of C, O, and Fe, representing ionization equilibrium formation temperatures of ∼104–105 K, consistent with prominence material observed at the Sun. We present a thorough analysis of the elemental abundances of a wide variety of heavy ions, measured by Advanced Composition Explorer/SWICS, in prominence material observed in the solar wind. We find that prominence material observed in situ tends to be more enriched in heavy ions than the surrounding ICME plasma and the fast and slow solar wind. We also find that the material is on average moderately enhanced in low first ionization potential elements compared to photospheric abundances, with values that lie between fast and slow solar wind. In rare instances, where in situ prominence material is observed to have clear, persistent, low-charge states over longer periods of time, it exhibits elemental abundances that are photospheric in nature. However, in most prominence events we see indications that the associated material contains a mixture of prominence and adjacent ICME plasma. The anomalous behavior of the elemental and ionic composition in ICMEs with and without prominence material can be used to study physical processes that occur during CME initiation and release.
Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Modes of Solar Magnetic Flux Tubes with an Elliptical Cross Section
Authors: Aldhafeeri Anwar A. , Verth Gary , Brevis Wernher , Jess David B. , McMurdo Max , Fedun Viktor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes that propagate in compressible magnetic flux tubes with an elliptical cross section embedded in a magnetic environment. The dispersion relation that describes the behavior of MHD wave modes permitted in an elliptical magnetic flux tube is solved numerically. Distortion of the spatial structure of the purely real eigenmodes from the well-known circular flux tube model has been considered. It has been studied under both photospheric and coronal conditions. It has been shown that (i) solutions in the form of even Mathieu functions are more sensitive to the value of eccentricity than solutions with the form of odd Mathieu functions; (ii) if the ellipticity of the cross section of the magnetic flux tube increases, a sausage mode (m = 0) cannot be easily identified; (iii) even solutions that correspond to the fluting mode (m = 3) can be misinterpreted as a kink mode (m = 1) due to their similarities. In contrast to the fluting modes that are polarized along the major axis and strongly depend on the ellipticity of the magnetic flux tube, the kink and sausage surface modes are practically unaffected by ellipticity. Several examples of the spatial structure of the eigenmodes permitted in the pores and sunspots have been visualized. The solutions obtained in the approximation of cylindrical symmetry are in agreement with previous studies.
Secondary Energization in Compressing Plasmoids during Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hakobyan Hayk , Petropoulou Maria , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plasmoids—magnetized quasi-circular structures formed self-consistently in reconnecting current sheets—were previously considered to be the graveyards of energetic particles. In this paper, we demonstrate the important role of plasmoids in shaping the particle energy spectrum in relativistic reconnection (i.e., with upstream magnetization σ
up ≫ 1). Using 2D particle-in-cell simulations in pair plasmas with σ
up = 10 and 100, we study a secondary particle energization process that takes place inside compressing plasmoids. We demonstrate that plasmoids grow in time, while their interiors compress, amplifying the internal magnetic field. The magnetic field felt by particles injected in an isolated plasmoid increases linearly with time, which leads to particle energization as a result of magnetic moment conservation. For particles injected with a power-law distribution function, this energization process acts in such a way that the shape of the injected power law is conserved, while producing an additional nonthermal tail f(E) ∝ E
−3 at higher energies, followed by an exponential cutoff. The cutoff energy, which increases with time as

, can greatly exceed σ
up
m

e

c
2. We analytically predict the secondary acceleration timescale and the shape of the emerging particle energy spectrum, which can be of major importance in certain astrophysical systems, such as blazar jets.
The Interstellar Medium toward the Galactic Center Source 2MASS J17470898–2829561
Authors: Geballe T. R. , Pendleton Yvonne , Chiar Jean , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe and discuss remarkable infrared spectra, covering key portions of the 2–5 μm wavelength interval, of the probable OH/IR supergiant 2MASS J17470898−2829561 (2M1747), located in direction of the Sgr B molecular cloud complex within the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. This star was originally singled out for examination based on its suitability for spectroscopy of lines of

in the CMZ. Analysis of the spectra shows that 2M1747 is deeply embedded within Sgr B1, with A

V
≳ 100 mag, making it the only star within Sgr B for which infrared spectra have been obtained at present, and thereby a unique infrared probe of the dense interstellar medium within the CMZ. Despite the high extinction, spectra of 2M1747 reveal a veiled photosphere in the K band and circumstellar gas in the M band, giving clues as to its nature. Its 3.5–4.0 μm spectrum contains the strongest absorption lines of

observed toward any object to date. The 4.5–4.8 μm spectrum has impressively deep and wide absorption lines of interstellar CO, most of which arise in dense gas within Sgr B1. The 3–5 μm spectrum also contains several solid-state absorption features, which are characteristic of both dense and diffuse clouds, and which raise questions about the identifications of some of these features. We discuss the nature of the star, the extinction to it, the extinction law for dust in the CMZ, and the identifications of the various solid-state features and where they are produced along this complex line of sight.
A Large Fraction of Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors Experience Elevated Mass Loss Shortly Prior to Explosion
Authors: Bruch Rachel J. , Gal-Yam Avishay , Schulze Steve , Yaron Ofer , Yang Yi , Soumagnac Maayane , Rigault Mickael , Strotjohann Nora L. , Ofek Eran , Sollerman Jesper , Masci Frank J. , Barbarino Cristina , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Fremling Christoffer , Perley Daniel , Nordin Jakob , Cenko S. Bradley , Adams S. , Adreoni Igor , Bellm Eric C. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Bulla Mattia , Burdge Kevin , De Kishalay , Dhawan Suhail , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Dugas Alison , Graham Matthew , Graham Melissa L. , Irani Ido , Jencson Jacob , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Kasliwal Mansi , Kim Young-Lo , Kulkarni Shrinivas , Kupfer Thomas , Liang Jingyi , Mahabal Ashish , Miller A. A. , Prince Thomas A. , Riddle Reed , Sharma Y. , Smith Roger , Taddia Francesco , Taggart Kirsty , Walters Richard , Yan Lin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the material spatial extent is compact and implies an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of the estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.
Factors associated with increased odds of sensorineural hearing loss in infants exposed to the Zika virus during pregnancy
Authors: Verján-Carrillo Erika J , Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Ceja-Espíritu Gabriel , Guzmán-Esquivel José , Mendoza-Cano Oliver 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women has been associated with an increased risk of birth defects. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants exposed to the ZIKV during their gestation and evaluate the factors associated with its increased odds.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed from July 2016 to June 2019 in a Western state of Mexico and data from 61 infants that presented with laboratory-positive (RT-qPCR) evidence of in utero exposure to ZIKV were analyzed. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were used.
Results: Hearing loss was documented in 6 (9.8%) of infants. The prevalence of SNHL in children with microcephaly was 75.0%, as compared to 5.3% in those without anomalies (odds ratio, OR = 14.31, 95% CI = 2.54 – 19.12). Half of children with SNHL had no physical manifestations of gestational ZIKV exposure.
Conclusions: Hearing loss was a frequent event in ZIKV-exposed children, particularly among those with microcephaly. Our results highlight the relevance of systematic hearing screening.