bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead‐Dominated Hyperfine Interaction Impacting the Carrier Spin Dynamics in Halide Perovskites
Authors: Kirstein Erik , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Glazov Mikhail M. , Evers Eiko , Zhukov Evgeny A. , Belykh Vasilii V. , Kopteva Nataliia E. , Kudlacik Dennis , Nazarenko Olga , Dirin Dmitry N. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Bayer Manfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe outstanding optical quality of lead halide perovskites inspires studies of their potential for the optical control of carrier spins as pursued in other materials. Entering largely uncharted territory, time‐resolved pump–probe Kerr rotation is used to explore the coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes in bulk formamidinium caesium lead iodine bromide (FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2) and to determine key parameters characterizing interactions of their spins, such as the g‐factors and relaxation times. The demonstrated long spin dynamics and narrow g‐factor distribution prove the perovskites as promising competitors for conventional semiconductors in spintronics. The dynamic nuclear polarization via spin‐oriented holes is realized and the identification of the lead (207Pb) isotope in optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance proves that the hole–nuclei interaction is dominated by the lead ions. A detailed theoretical analysis accounting for the specifics of the lead halide perovskite materials allows the evaluation of the underlying hyperfine interaction constants, both for electrons and holes. Recombination and spin dynamics evidence that at low temperatures, photogenerated electrons and holes are localized at different regions of the perovskite crystal, resulting in their long lifetimes up to 44 μs. The findings form the base for the tailored development of spin‐optoelectronic applications for the large family of lead halide perovskites and their nanostructures.
A Systematic Review of Metal Halide Perovskite Crystallization and Film Formation Mechanism Unveiled by In Situ GIWAXS
Authors: Qin Minchao , Chan Pok Fung , Lu Xinhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are of fundamental interest in the research of modern thin‐film optoelectronic devices, owing to their widely tunable optoelectronic properties and solution processability. To obtain high‐quality perovskite films and ultimately high‐performance perovskite devices, it is crucial to understand the film formation mechanisms, which, however, remains a great challenge, due to the complexity of perovskite composition, dimensionality, and processing conditions. Nevertheless, the state‐of‐the‐art in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) technique enables one to bridge the complex information with device performance by revealing the crystallization pathways during the perovskite film formation process. In this review, the authors illustrate how to obtain and understand in situ GIWAXS data, summarize and assess recent results of in situ GIWAXS studies on versatile perovskite photovoltaic systems, aiming at elucidating the distinct features and common ground of film formation mechanisms, and shedding light on future opportunities of employing in situ GIWAXS to study the fundamental working mechanisms of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells toward mass production.
A Wearable Patch Based on Flexible Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide Paper Sensor for Real‐Time and Continuous Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Hong Won G. , Yang Hee Yeon , Ha Dong Han , Jun Yongseok , Yun Yong Ju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReal‐time and continuous monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in daily activity is critical in diverse fields ranging from personal fitness, cosmetics, to medical aspects. Here, a wearable UV monitoring patch that can be easily fixed/removed at desired locations and provide real‐time and continuous UVA levels in daily life is developed. The wearable patch consists of a highly sensitive, flexible graphene sensor for UVA measurement and a multifunctional fabric patch integrated with commercial electronic components for signal processing, wireless transmission. To achieve a high sensitive UVA sensor with high flexibility and long‐term stability, porous reduced graphene oxide (pRGO) papers are fabricated by simple solvent evaporation followed by thermochemical reduction. The flexible UVA sensors based on pRGO papers feature a high UVA photoresponsivity of 125 mA W−1, which is comparable to that of a commercial silicon‐based UV sensor. Furthermore, the polydimethylsiloxane‐encapsulated pRGO (PDMS‐pRGO) sensors exhibit stable UVA photoresponse characteristics that is maintained under severe conditions, such as a large number of bending cycles, thermal heating, and high humidity. The use of wearable patches that enable real‐time, wireless monitoring of personal UVA levels in various practical applications are demonstrated.
Implicit Approximate Crank–Nicolson Theory for Anisotropic Ferrite Structure Simulation with Enhanced Absorption
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Di Hanyi , Natsuki Toshiaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo simulate ferrite structures with anisotropic characteristics efficiently, an unconditionally stable implementation is proposed by incorporating the approximate Crank–Nicolson (CN) theory and a complex‐frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layer (CFS‐PML) formulation in the finite‐difference time‐domain lattice. More specifically, the proposed implementation combines the CN approximate factorization splitting procedure with bilinear transformation in the z‐domain within the CFS‐PML regions. To simulate the unique anisotropic characteristic of the ferrite structure, the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) method, which is modified at the integer time step, is introduced during the formulation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency theoretically and experimentally. According to the results, it can be concluded that the proposed scheme takes full advantage of the approximate CN theory, CFS‐PML formulation, and modified ADE method in terms of the considerable computational accuracy, outstanding absorbing performance, and remarkable efficiency. Moreover, it can be demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can maintain its stability with the dissatisfaction of the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition.
Exact Mobility Edges in 1D Mosaic Lattices Inlaid with Slowly Varying Potentials
Authors: Gong Long‐Yan , Lu Hui , Cheng Wei‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA family of 1D mosaic models inlaid with a slowly varying potential is proposed. Combining the asymptotic heuristic argument with the theory of trace map of transfer matrix, mobility edges (MEs), and pseudo‐MEs (PMEs) in their energy spectra are solved semi‐analytically, where ME separates extended states from weakly localized ones and PME separates weakly localized states from strongly localized ones. The nature of eigenstates in extended, critical, weakly localized, pseudo‐critical, and strongly localized is diagnosed by the local density of states, the Lyapunov exponent, the localization tensor, and fractal dimension. Numerical calculation results are in excellent quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions.
PyCCE: A Python Package for Cluster Correlation Expansion Simulations of Spin Qubit Dynamics
Authors: Onizhuk Mykyta , Galli Giulia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPyCCE, an open‐source Python library for simulating the dynamics of spin qubits in a spin bath, is presented using the cluster‐correlation expansion (CCE) method. PyCCE includes modules to generate realistic spin baths, employing coupling parameters computed from first principles with electronic structure codes, and enables the user to run simulations with either the conventional or generalized CCE method. Three use cases of the Python library are illustrated: the calculation of the Hahn‐echo coherence time of the nitrogen‐vacancy in diamond; the calculation of the coherence time of the basal divacancy in silicon carbide at avoided crossings; and the calculation for magnetic field orientation‐dependent dynamics of a shallow donor in silicon. The complete documentation, downloadable tutorials, and installation instructions are available athttps://pycce.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.
Enabling High Efficiency of Hydrocarbon‐Solvent Processed Organic Solar Cells through Balanced Charge Generation and Non‐Radiative Loss
Authors: Fan Baobing , Lin Francis , Oh Jiyeon , Fu Huiting , Gao Wei , Fan Qunping , Zhu Zonglong , Li Wen Jung , Li Ning , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Yang Changduk , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing non‐halogenated solvents to process organic solar cells is preferable because they are less harmful to human health. However, it is challenging to mitigate the delicate trade‐offs between solubility and pre‐aggregation of organic semiconductors to maintain similar high device efficiencies as those processed by chlorinated solvents. The need for rigorous control of the kinetics between processing temperature and delay time inevitably complicates device processing for achieving reproducible performance. Herein, the authors develop a facile method to achieve proper solubility and pre‐aggregation in non‐halogenated solvents by selecting suitable donor/acceptor materials and subtle tuning of solvent compositions. This results in films with a high degree of ordering and suitably sized phase separation. Solar cells derived from this process can achieve a high power conversion efficiency up to 18%, which is the highest value reported for non‐halogenated solvent processed devices. This impressive result is achieved through synergistically reduced non‐radiative loss and enhanced charge generation.
Response of astrocytes to blood exposure due to shunt insertion in vitro
Authors: Zaranek Mira , Arshad Rooshan , Zheng Kevin , Harris Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe breakdown of the ventricular zone with the presence of blood in cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to increase shunt catheter obstruction in the treatment of hydrocephalus, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are generally unknown. Using a custom‐built incubation chamber, we immunofluorescently assayed cell attachment and morphology on shunt catheters with and without blood after 14 days. Samples exposed to blood showed significantly increased cell attachment (average total cell count 392.0 ± 317.1 vs. control of 94.7 ± 44.5, p < 0.0001). Analysis of the glial fibrillary acidic protein expression showed similar trends (854.4 ± 450.7 vs. control of 174.3 ± 116.5, p < 0.0001). An in vitro model was developed to represent the exposure of astrocytes to blood following an increase in blood–brain barrier permeability. Exposure of astrocytes to blood increases the number of cells and their spread on the shunt.
Antibody Responses to Epstein‐Barr Virus in the Preclinical Period of Rheumatoid Arthritis Suggest the Presence of Increased Viral Reactivation Cycles
Authors: Fechtner Sabrina , Berens Heather , Bemis Elizabeth , Johnson Rachel L. , Guthridge Carla J. , Carlson Nichole E. , Demoruelle M. Kristen , Harley John B. , Edison Jess D. , Norris Jill A. , Robinson William H. , Deane Kevin D. , James Judith A. , Holers V. Michael 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePatients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrate altered immune responses to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), but the presence and roles of EBV have not been fully explored during the pre–clinical disease period. This study was undertaken to determine if EBV infection, as evidenced by an altered anti‐EBV antibody response, either plays an important role in driving the development of RA or is a result of expanded RA‐related autoimmunity.MethodsA total of 83 subjects with RA according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 83 age‐, sex‐, and race‐matched control subjects without RA were included in our study. We collected sera from RA subjects and matched controls during the pre–RA and post–RA diagnosis periods and tested the sera for the presence of 5 anti‐EBV antibodies (anti–EBV nuclear antigen 1 IgG isotype, anti–viral capsid antigen [anti‐VCA] isotypes IgG and IgA, and anti–early antigen [EA] isotypes IgG and IgA), 7 RA‐related autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor measured by nephelometry [RF‐Neph] as well as isotype‐specific IgA‐RF, IgM‐RF, and IgG‐RF, and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti‐CCP] antibodies, including anti‐CCP2, anti‐CCP3, and anti‐CCP3.1), 22 cytokines/chemokines, 36 individual anti–citrullinated protein antibodies, and IgG–cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies. Random forest classification, mixed modeling, and joint mixed modeling were used to determine differences in anti‐EBV antibody levels between RA subjects and controls.ResultsRandom forest analysis identified the presence of preclinical EBV antibodies in the serum that differentiated RA subjects from controls without RA. Specifically, IgG‐EA antibody levels were higher in RA subjects (mean ± SD 0.82 ± 0.72 international standardized ratio [ISR]) compared to controls (mean ± SD 0.49 ± 0.28 ISR). In subjects with RA, elevated serum IgG‐EA levels in the preclinical period before seroconversion were significantly correlated with increased serum IgM‐RF levels (P = 0.007), whereas this correlation was not seen in control subjects without RA (P = 0.15). IgG‐CMV antibody levels did not differ between groups.ConclusionSubjects whose serum IgG‐EA antibody levels are elevated in the preclinical period will eventually develop RA, which suggests that EBV reactivation cycles are increased during the preclinical period of RA. A combination of RF and EBV reactivation may play an important role in the development of RA.
Sum‐of‐squares‐based policy iteration for suboptimal control of polynomial time‐varying systems
Authors: Pakkhesal Sajjad , Shamaghdari Saeed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the suboptimal control design for polynomial time‐varying systems. It is known that the solution to this problem relies on the solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, which is a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE). A policy iteration (PI) algorithm is developed to solve the HJB equation. The policy evaluation step of this algorithm consists of a sum‐of‐squares (SOS) program, which is computationally tractable. This algorithm distinguishes from previously known SOS‐based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithms in that it is developed for time‐varying systems. The convergence of the iterative algorithm and the global stability of the closed‐loop system are proved. At the end, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through two simulation examples.
Waters of the United States: Experts’ Essays
Authors: Carpenter Adam T. , McIntosh Carolyn , DiMascio Nicholas A. , Hill Andrew , Meltzer Hilary 
Published: October 2021

Key TakeawaysAt the core of the Clean Water Act is the term “waters of the United States,” or WOTUS for short. Any attempt to define and regulate such an immense, essential resource is open to endless debate.On the federal and state levels, all aspects of water—infrastructure, source water, stormwater, wastewater—are subject to the interpretations and actions of those who govern.Members of the water community can play a role in water's future with a clear view into the constantly shifting current of WOTUS.
Advanced Treatment Solutions for 1,4‐Dioxane
Authors: Flis Kevin 
Published: October 2021

Key TakeawaysImproved testing techniques are revealing new contaminants or greater amounts of currently known chemicals in water, which means increased challenges for the water industry to address.One emerging contaminant recognized by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a probable carcinogen is 1,4‐dioxane, a prevalent industrial chemical that does not readily break down in the environment.While conventional treatment methods aren't necessarily effective, advanced oxidation processes are proving to be reliable in removing 1,4‐dioxane from water. Certain conditions and factors should be considered in choosing an optimal oxidant combination.
2020: Looking Back on the Year of COVID
Authors:   AWWA Management and Leadership Division
Published: October 2021

Key TakeawaysIn a recent roundtable gathering, AWWA water industry leaders provided insights on how the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the water industry, now and going forward.Members of AWWA's Management and Leadership Division Board of Trustees shared how organizations adapted, found silver linings, and thrived despite challenges.Lessons learned for resilient utility management include new approaches to public communications, virtual meeting adoption, changed workforce expectations, and more.
Chemical and Genetic Diversity of Ligularia kanaitzensis in the Hengduan Mountains Area. Chemical Relationship with L. subspicata
Authors: Hanai Ryo , Okamoto Yasuko , Hashida Takuya , Shiojiri Kosuzu , Ohsaki Ayumi , Saito Yoshinori , Tori Motoo , Gong Xun , Kuroda Chiaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRoot chemicals and the sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) were analyzed for 9 Ligularia kanaitzensis and 3 L. subspicata samples collected in northwestern Yunnan and southwestern Sichuan, China. Subspicatins A and C were isolated from two L. kanaitzensis samples. Introgression of genes responsible for these compounds from L. subspicata was suggested by their strong connection with L. subspicata/L. lamarum and the geographical proximity of the samples to L. subspicata. DNA analysis of a set of 27 L. kanaitzensis samples including those analyzed previously showed that they belong to two clades, designated A and B. Together with the presence/absence of furanoeremophilane, the 27 samples were sorted into three groups: clade A/furan, clade B/furan, and clade B/non‐furan. The ancestral plant presumably belonged to clade B/non‐furan, because furanoeremophilanes are biosynthesized from eremophilan‐8‐ones. 1β‐Angeloyloxyfukinone, a likely intermediate between fukinone and subspicatin C, was isolated for the first time. This finding allowed us to propose plausible biosynthetic pathways of subspicatins A and C.
Colo‐appendico‐duodenal fistula: Rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Gan David Eng Yeow , Sibin Rohamini , Payus Alvin Oliver , Hayati Firdaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA colo‐appendico‐duodenal fistula is a rare occurrence that results from extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) complications, especially in the endemic region.
Lung adenocarcinoma with mixed solid and crazy‐paving appearances
Authors: Abdul Kadir Roqiah Fatmawati , Hanafiah Mohammad , Johari Bushra , Zainudin Lily Diana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract“Crazy paving” on CT images refers to the superimposition of ground‐glass opacity and linear pattern resembling irregularly shaped paving stones. Initially, “crazy paving” was described as a pathognomonic sign of alveolar proteinosis. Subsequently, this pattern has been reported in a variety of disorders of the lung. We demonstrated CT images of lung adenocarcinoma demonstrating both solid and crazy‐paving appearances.
Economic burden in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: The French Lymphoma Study Association SIMONAL cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nerich Virginie , Guyeux Christophe , Henry‐Amar Michel , Couturier Raphaël , Thieblemont Catherine , Ribrag Vincent , Tilly Hervé , Haioun Corinne , Casasnovas René‐Olivier , Morschhauser Franck , Feugier Pierre , Sibon David , Ysebaert Loic , Nicolas‐Virelizier Emmanuelle , Broussais‐Guillaumot Florence , Damaj Gandhi L. , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Salles Gilles , Woronoff‐Lemsi Macha , Mounier Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNo study has focused on the economic burden in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors, even though this knowledge is essential. This study reports on health care resource use and associated health care costs as well as related factors in a series of 1671 French long‐term NHL survivors.MethodsHealth care costs were measured from the payer perspective. Only direct medical costs (medical consultations, outpatient treatments, hospitalizations, and medical transport) in the past 12 months were included (reference year 2015). Multiple linear regression was used to search for explanatory factors of health care costs.ResultsIn total, 1100 survivors (66%) reported having used at least 1 health care resource, and 867 (52%) reported having used at least 1 outpatient treatment. After the authors accounted for missing data, the mean health care cost was estimated at €702 ± €2221. Hospitalizations and outpatient treatments were the main cost drivers. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. For the 1100 survivors who reported using at least 1 health care resource, the mean health care cost was €1067 ± €2268. Several factors demonstrated statistically significant relationships with health care costs. For instance, cardiovascular disorders increased costs by 66% ± 16%. In contrast, rituximab or autologous stem cell transplantation as initial therapy had no effect on health care costs.ConclusionsThe consideration of economic constraints in health care is now a reality. This retrospective study reports on a better understanding of health care resource use and associated health care costs as well as related factors. It may help health care professionals in their ongoing efforts to design person‐centered health care pathways.
Simulation‐based reasoning of residual tissue deformations in a two‐chamber test of a lymphedematous leg
Authors: Kaczmarek Mariusz , Nowak Joanna , Olszewski Waldemar L. , Zaleska Marzanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA two‐chamber inflation‐deflation test was recently proposed as a diagnostic method to determine parameters of the intermittent pneumatic compression used as an effective therapeutic modality for lymphedematous limbs. It is crucial that the recorded trends for residual tissue deformations are understood in terms of specific properties of subcutaneous tissue and skin to support diagnostic process. This paper presents a mechanical model of lymphedematous legs in two‐chamber tests. The cylindrical geometry composed of layers of skin, modeled as hyperelastic medium, and subcutaneous tissue, modeled as fluid saturated hyperporoelastic medium, is assumed. The results of finite element simulations show the possibility of such combinations of the properties of skin (rigidity) and subcutaneous tissue (rigidity and permeability), which ensures that the model predictions resemble the evolution of tissue residual deformations observed in the two‐chamber test. The stiffness and permeability appeared to be the most crucial tissue property determining trend lines of residual deformations. The analysis of the components of displacement of solid matrix and pore fluid pressure explains the mechanisms that are responsible for particular tissue behavior. The moderate role of skin and limitations related to the mechanical and geometrical model assumptions are indicated. Recommendations for treating lymphedema using intermittent compression therapy in relation to the results of the two‐chamber test and properties of tissues are discussed.