bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulated CCNE1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis, Tumor Immune Infiltration and Escape in Breast Cancer
Authors: Feng Jiaxi , Hu Yanan , Liu Dan , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Mengci , Wang Yan , Qiu Shipei , Li Xiang , Li Xinping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women and widely known for its poor prognosis. More and more research has discovered that cyclin E1 (CCNE1) plays an important role in progression of various types of cancer. But its specific mechanism in BC progression still needs further research to explore.Methods At first, we determined the expression and prognostic value of CCNE1 through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data. Then, we predicted the upstream non-coding RNAs of CCNE1 through StarBase, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. We further studied the correlation of CCNE1 expression with BC immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints expression through TIMER and GEPIA databases.Results The results suggested that CCNE1 was significantly upregulated in BC and its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis in BC patients. Next, we identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00511 / microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p) / CCNE1 axis as the most potential pathway that could regulate CCNE1 expression in BC through StarBase, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Furthermore, our in-depth research discovered that CCNE1 expression level was significantly correlated with tumor immune cell inﬁltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and immune checkpoint expression in BC. conclusions In summary, high expression level of CCNE1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, tumor immune infiltration and escape in BC.
Ocean Bottom Electromagnetometer Carried From Bonin to Ryukyu Islands by Sea Currents
Authors: Tada Noriko , Nishikawa Haruka , Ichihara Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Kuwatani Tatsu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ocean bottom electromagnetometers (OBEMs) installed on the seafloor around Nishinoshima Island (Bonin Islands) were missing after a December volcanic eruption. In February 2021, one was found on a beach on Iriomote Island (Ryukyu Islands), implying that it drifted westward for 1,700 km. The reason(s) for the disappearance of the OBEMs and the path followed by the recovered OBEM while drifting are important information for future ocean bottom observations and seafloor volcanology in general. We conducted particle drifting simulations with and without horizonal eddy diffusion to estimate the possible drift path and duration of the recovered OBEM. Our simulations show that particles transported from Nishinoshima have a 7-10 % probability of arriving at Iriomote Island, which is thus not a rare occurrence. Transport durations in our simulations varied widely between 140 and 602 days depending on the drift paths. The most likely drift duration in our simulation was 150 – 180 days, with or without eddy diffusion, corresponding to the release from the seafloor of the OBEM between 22 August and 21 September 2020. These dates follow shortly after intensifying eruptions at Nishinoshima, which may have affected the seafloor around the island. A similar drift duration and path was reported for pumices that erupted from Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano (northern Bonin Islands) during 18-21 January 1986 and arrived in the Ryukyu Islands in late May 1986. Such drifting simulations may prove useful for identifying the sources of drift pumices, and thus otherwise undetectable eruptions. Finally, the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba submarine volcano erupted on 13 August 2021, producing abundant pumice rafts that, based on our results, will likely arrive in the Ryukyu Islands in the coming months.
Salt intake reduction using umami substance-incorporated food in the United States
Authors: Nomura Shuhei , Tanaka Shiori , Eguchi Akifumi , Kawashima Takayuki , Yoneoka Daisuke , Tanoe Yuta , Adachi Megumi , Hayabuchi Hitomi , Koganemaru Shosei , Nishimura Toshihide , Sigel Byron , Uneyama Hisayuki , Shibuya Kenji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Excessive salt intake has been linked to the development of several non-communicable diseases. Reducing the sodium content of foods is an important global public health activity to achieve salt reduction and health promotion. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of sodium substitution with umami substances on the reduction of daily salt intake among adults in the United States. The umami substances considered in this study were glutamate, inosinate, and guanilate.
Methods
Our analysis included 4,139 participants aged 20 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Four hypothetical scenarios (0%, 30%, 60%, and 90%) on the market share of umami substitute foods were developed. For several food groups, salt reduction rates due to substitution with umami substances were estimated based on previous studies. Daily salt intake corresponding to the NHANES food groups in each scenario was calculated for each participant, and the total daily salt intake was aggregated by gender and 10-year age groups.
Results
Without compromising the taste, substitution with umami substances can reduce the salt intake among adults in the United States by 5.51–10.54% at the population level, which is equivalent to 0.46–0.88g of salt reduction (women 5.69–10.56% and 0.41–0.76g; men 5.31–10.51% and 0.51–1.01g). Approximately 23.73–20.25% of adults could achieve the World Health Organization’s recommendation of 5g/day.
Conclusions
Our study provides essential information on the potential salt reduction from sodium replacement with alternatives in the United States. However, the reduced salt intake level still falls short of the WHO recommendation of 5g of salt intake per day.
GIS-Based Precise Predictive Model of Mountain Beacon Towers: A First Application to Bacon Sites in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Tan Lifeng , Wu Bei , Zhang Yukun , Zhao Shuaishuai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In ancient China, where was frequently troubled by invaders, the government set up many beacon towers for alerting and transmitting military information along the border and the coast. Many beacon sites still exist in some areas, which are generally located in dangerous places with high mountains and rough terrain, bringing great difficulties to archaeological discovery. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a predictive model applicable to the distribution of mountain beacon sites. Taking 68 beacon sites found in Wenzhou as research samples, this study uses the superimposed method of logistic regression and GIS viewshed analysis for the first time, forming a high-precision, scientific and operational predictive model for the distribution of beacon sites, which is verified by the cross-validation method. The results show that the beacon site predictive model simulated in this study can reduce the probability scope of site location by 90% compared with the traditional predictive model, which greatly improves the accuracy and ability of site prediction. At the same time, it can also be used to understand the relationship between the environment and known sites to assist in decision-making about conservation and management.
Irradiation-Induced Nasopharyngeal Necrosis in Newly Diagnosed Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated by Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: Clinical Characteristics and the Influence of Treatment Strategies
Authors: Xu Yi , Liu Yang , Wang Zekun , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wu Runye , Liu Qingfeng , Qu Yuan , Wang Kai , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Gao Li , Xu Guozhen , Zhang Ye , Yi Junlin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To define the clinical characteristics of irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and identify the influence of treatment strategies on INN in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Patients and methods: From 2008 to 2019, NPC patients pathologically diagnosed with INN after primary IMRT were reviewed. Those patients were matched with propensity scores for patients without INN in our center. The impact of treatment strategies on INN occurrence was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence rate of INN was 1.9% among the primary NPC population, and 53 patients with INN were enrolled. Headache and foul odor were the main symptoms, and 71.7% of cases had pseudomembrane during or at the end of radiotherapy. All patients were in early or middle stage INN, and no one presented with skull-based osteoradionecrosis. Then 212 non-INN patients were included based on propensity scores match. Overall survival (p=0.248) and progression-free survival (p=0.266) curves were similar between the INN and non-INN groups. Treatment strategies including combining chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy with radiotherapy were not associated with INN occurrence, while boost dose (OR 7.360; 95% CI 2.301-23.547; P = 0.001) was a predictor factor for it. However, the optimal threshold for an accumulated dose to predict INN's occurrence was failed to determine.Conclusion: In the IMRT era, the severity of INN in primary NPC patients is lessened. This study showed that treatment strategies contributed little to develop INN, while the accumulated dose of radiation may relate to its occurrence.
Role of Exosome in Delivery of MicroRNA Into Cells As a Major Tool of Disease Resistance
Authors: Ray Rachayeeta , Bhattacharya Debalina , Karmakar Parimal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Exosomes are small-sized extracellular vesicles. Their size ranges from 30-150 nm and contains proteins, lipids, nucleic acids along other bioactive molecules. It is now also considered as communicating mediators between cells where their content varies with the microenvironment of the cells which may ultimately change numerous physiological and pathological functions of the cells. Because of their small size, safety, biocompatibility, biorecognition, high stability, target specificity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, the exosomes have recently gained attention as a potential nano delivery system. However, the focus of this review article is to cover the latest updates regarding the role of exosomal delivery of different micro RNAs which have an important role in disease control. Micro RNAs, which are of utmost importance as an exosomal cargo, has been reported to show both positive and negative impact on the cell it is targeted or delivered to.
Dynamics and Stability of Magnetic-air Hybrid Quasi-zero Stiffness Vibration Isolation System
Authors: Jiang Youliang , Song Chunsheng , Ma Xin , Wu Han , Mai Zhihui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the improvement of machining accuracy, external low frequency vibration has become one of the most important factors affecting the performance of equipment. The theory of quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation shows favorable low frequency vibration isolation effect. Based on our previous research on the structure of magnetic-air hybrid quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation system, the nonlinear mechanical expression of positive and negative stiffness structure has been analyzed in this paper, to improve application of the system and provide a theoretical basis for sequential studies of active control. To analyze the judgement criterion of the quasi-zero stiffness, an accurate mechanical model was first established. Then, the dynamical model based on external low frequency vibration was developed, to investigate the stability and natural frequency and deduce the amplitude frequency characteristics and displacement transfer rate. Finally, we carried out simulation and experimental analysis to verify the stiffness of high static and low dynamic and the low frequency vibration isolation effect of the vibration isolation system.
Fibrinogen Function Indexs, Potential Biomarkers, are Closely Connected to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Lin Xiahong , Chen Xiaoyu , Wu Xiaohong , Zhang Jinying 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Research suggested that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was related to plasma fibrinogen (Fib) concentration, while there was no research on the correlation with fibrinogen function. In this study, two indexes reflecting the function of plasma fibrinogen, k value and angle α, were used to analyze its correlation with DPN, and to explore the possibility of using them as biological indicators for diagnosing DPN.Subjects and methods: This study is a prospective observational clinical study. About 561 T2DM patients were enrolled and divided into the diabetes with symptomatic neuropathy group (161 cases), the diabetes with asymptomatic neuropathy group (132 cases) and the diabetes with no neuropathy group (268 cases). Meanwhile, 160 healthy unrelated subjects were recruited as control group. The levels of k value and angle α were detected.Results: The Fib levels increased slightly in diabetic subjects with neuropathy compared with those without. The angle α levels increased slightly in diabetic with asymptomatic neuropathy subjects compared with diabetes with no neuropathy subjects, and the levels increased greatly in diabetic subjects with symptomatic neuropathy compared with those without. The k value levels declined slightly in diabetic with asymptomatic neuropathy subjects compared with diabetes with no neuropathy subjects, and the levels declined greatly in diabetic subjects with symptomatic neuropathy compared with those without. The association of k value and angle α with diabetic neuropathy was independent of the hyperglycemic state (HbA1c, duration) and other potential confounders affecting k value and angle α levels (e.g., age, Fib, vitamin B12 and renal status) (odds ratio 0.080 [0.051–0.124], P= 0.001; odds ratio 1.131 [1.063–1.204], P= 0.001). In addition, k value and angle α levels were closely correlated to the stages of neuropathy (r= -0.686, P = 0.000; r= 0.314, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, the optimal cutoff point for k value levels to distinguish patients with diabetic neuropathy from those without was 1.8min, with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 83.2% (AUC= 0.873). The optimal cutoff point for angle α levels was 60deg, with a sensitivity of 41.0% and a specificity of 95.6% (AUC= 0.669).Conclusions: The levels of k value and angle α are closely associated with peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes. The levels of k value and angle α may be helpful for early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Essential and Toxic Elements in Drinking Water: Water Treatment and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Cybulski Jacek , Witczak Agata , Pokorska-Niewiada Kamila 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Drinking water quality is a priority in most countries. Drinking water is the essential medium for food production, and while it must be free of harmful substances, it also must have a composition that is beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of water and wastewater treatment on reducing concentrations of zinc, nickel, iron, manganese, copper, lead, and arsenic. The analysis was performed with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). The water treatment process reduced the concentrations of these compounds in water by a range of 48.5 to 97%. The concentrations of trace elements (>LOD) in drinking water were below maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC). Sewage treatment reduced the concentrations of trace elements by a range of 28.6 to 60.8%. Trace element concentrations in treated sewage were below MAC values in all the samples tested, and were from 1.15% (Pb) to 6.23% (As) MAC for toxic elements. Concentrations of both essential (Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu) and toxic (Pb, As) elements in drinking water were below the MACs. Water treatment had a significant (p<0.05) effect on decreasing concentrations of trace elements.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, ADME and Biological Evaluation Studies of Some New 1,3,4-oxadiazole Linked Benzimidazoles as Anticancer Agents and Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: çevik ulviye acar , Celik Ismail , IŞIK Ayşen , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, due to the potential anticancer effects of the benzimidazole ring system, a series of benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra analyses. In the in vitro anticancer assay, all the compounds tested anticancer activities using MTT-based assay against five cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, HeLa, C6, and HepG2). Among them, compound 5a exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 values of 5,165±0,211 μM and 5,995±0,264 μM against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. Compound 5a was included in the BrdU test to determine the DNA synthesis inhibition effects for both cell types. Furthermore, compound 5c was also found to be more effective than doxorubicin on the HeLa cell line. The selectivity of anticancer activity was evaluated in NIH3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblast cell line) cell line. In vitro, enzymatic inhibition assays of aromatase enzyme were performed for compound 5a acting on the MCF-7 cell line. For compound 5a, in silico molecular docking against aromatase enzyme was performed to determine possible protein-ligand interactions and binding modes.
Tissue Fraction Correction and Visual Analysis Increase Diagnostic Sensitivity in Predicting Malignancy of Ground-Glass Nodules on [18F]-FDG PET/CT: A Bi-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Song Yun Hye , Moon Jung Won , Kim Yoo Na , Woo Ji Young , Son Hye Joo , Lee Suk Hyun , Hwang Hee Sung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose: We investigated the role of [18F]-FDG positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in evaluating ground-glass nodules (GGNs) by visual analysis and tissue fraction correction.Methods: A total of 40 pathologically confirmed ≥1-cm GGNs were evaluated visually and semi-quantitatively. [18F]-FDG uptake of GGN distinct from background lung activity was considered positive in visual analysis. In semi-quantitative analysis, we performed tissue fraction correction for the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of GGN.Results: Of 40 GGNs, 25 (62.5%) were adenocarcinomas, 9 (22.5%) were minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIAs), and 6 (15%) were adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS). On visual analysis, adenocarcinoma showed the highest positivity rate among the three pathology groups (88.0%, 44.4%, 16.7%, respectively). Both SUVmax and tissue fraction corrected SUVmax (SUVmaxTF) were in order of adenocarcinoma > MIA > AIS (p = 0.033 and 0.018, respectively). SUVmaxTF was significantly higher than SUVmax before correction (2.4 [1.9–3.0] vs. 1.3 [0.8–1.8], p < 0.001). When using a cut-off value of 2.5, the positivity rate of GGNs was significantly higher in SUVmaxTF than in SUVmax (50.0% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Tissue fraction correction and visual analysis increased the diagnostic sensitivity of [18F]-FDG PET/CT in predicting malignancy of lung GGN.
Correlation of Initial Dose Option With Plasma Vancomycin Exposure and Safety in Older Chinese Patients: a Cohort Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Cuifang , Zhou Yulu , Wang Shengfeng , Jia Sujie , Xie Yueliang , Deng Zhenzhen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The option of initial vancomycin dose for older patients is still controversy.Methods: Vancomycin trough concentrations in older patients who received vancomycin initial dose of ≥1.5g/day or dosing recommended by package insert (≤1g/day) were compared. The relationship between independent covariate variables and trough concentration were identified, and changes in renal function and vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity was evaluated.Results: About 187 vancomycin trough samples were obtained from 97 older patients (56.7% males, median age of 70 (IQR=8) years). Significant difference was observed in vancomycin trough concentration between the two groups (17.22±7.52 vs. 13.78±6.90 mg/L; p=0.037). The proportion of VCM trough concentration within the therapeutic target concentration was 55% in group A and 48% in group B. Subsequent dose adjustment should be taken in 54 (65.9 %) patients in group A and 9 (60%) patients in group B to reach the target trough levels. SCr after medication, baseline eGFR, eGFR after medication and death had a significant effect on VCM trough concentrations in group A. The incidence of AKI was 8.5% in group A and 20.0% in group B, logistic regression model showed positive correlation between vancomycin trough level and the incidence of AKI. Conclusion: Compared with the recommended dose by package insert, the daily dosing recommendation of ≥1.5g/d for older patients result in a higher incidence of target trough concentration. Yet, the incidence of nephrotoxicity has not increase significantly. Prospective studies with large sample size are needed to define the optimal vancomycin dose in older patients.
Career empowerment Variables and Academic Staff Research Productivity in a Public University: Does Collaboration and Institutional Culture Mediate the Nexus?
Authors: Ameh Eyiene , Owan Valentine Joseph , Anam Ekpenyonganwan Godwin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study estimated the direct and indirect contributions of two career empowerment variables – mentorship and institutional support to the research productivity of academic staff at a public university in Cross River State. Two mediator variables – collaboration and institutional culture were introduced to determine their roles in the nexus between the predictors and the outcome variables. The quantitative research method, following the correlational research design, was adopted for the study. A census approach was used in enumerating the entire population of 327 academic staff (from Lecturer II to Professors) for the study. “Career Empowerment and Research Productivity Questionnaire (CERPQ)” was used for data collection, after validation by experts and passing the reliability test. A total of 327 copies of the CERPQ were administered but 303 were retrieved. Structural Equation Modelling and mediation-based analysis were performed based on the hypothesised models. Amongst others, it was discovered that mentorship has a non-significant negative contribution to the research productivity of academic staff; mentorship only promotes research productivity among academic staff, if it is followed by a good institutional culture and collaboration habits. Institutional support has a non-significant positive contribution to the research productivity of academic staff. The joint mediation of collaboration and institutional culture was proven to be significant on the nexus between mentorship versus research productivity, and between institutional support versus research productivity of academic staff in the public university. Collaboration is the most important factor that boosts directly the research productivity of academic staff and that can also mediate the contributions of other variables to the research productivity of academic staff. It was recommended, among others, that academic staff in universities should work very hard to build a strong network and linkages with other scholars at the institutional, regional, national and international levels. This will enable them to maximise fully the benefits associated with research collaboration and boost research productivity.