bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of genus‐level phylogenetic endemism in the tree flora of Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Cheikh Albassatneh Marwan , Escudero Marcial , Monnet Anne‐Christine , Arroyo Juan , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Bagnoli Francesca , Dimopoulos Panayotis , Hampe Arndt , Leriche Agathe , Médail Frédéric , Nikolic Toni , Ponger Loïc , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Fady Bruno 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe Mediterranean Basin is a major hotspot of plant biodiversity, including forest trees. Over the past centuries, Mediterranean forests have been fragmented and over‐exploited, to which the threats of climate change are now added. Our aim is to better understand patterns and processes of tree biodiversity in the Mediterranean and to provide indicators complementing the traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation based on species counts and occurrences, using georeferenced phylogenetic diversity and endemism analyses in a spatial ecological context.LocationMediterranean Europe.MethodsUsing a dated phylogeny of the 64 Euro‐Mediterranean tree genera, we calculated phylogenetic diversity for all 50 × 50 km2 grid cells spanning Mediterranean Europe (n = 643) and compared values with those obtained for genus‐level taxonomic diversity. Then, we tested the relative influence of geography, past and present climate, and soil on tree diversity (phylogenetic or taxonomic) and its geographical turnover. Geographical patterns of phylogenetic endemism were inferred using the Categorical Analyses of Neo‐ and Paleo‐Endemism (CANAPE) methodology.ResultsWe showed that phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity within and among cells are correlated and influenced by soil parameters as well as current, Holocene and Late Glacial Maximum climate. Southern Spain, Cyprus and some Aegean islands contained areas of disproportionately high phylogenetic diversity and a concentration of phylogenetic paleo‐endemics, while phylogenetic neo‐endemism was high in eastern Sicily. Mixed phylogenetic endemism regions were detected in southern Spain and Portugal, in the Balkans and in Crete.Main conclusionsOur phylogenetic approach provides relevant indicators for better protecting forests of the Mediterranean, encompassing past and present evolutionary processes and factors. We consider areas that show a concentration of evolutionary history manifested by high phylogenetic endemism as high priority targets for the conservation of the European tree flora.
Stigma and coping experiences in Latinx individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis
Authors: Ruiz Bernalyn , Ceccolini Christopher J. , Shah Binoy B. , Crump Francesca , Girgis Ragy R. , Brucato Gary , Yang Lawrence H. , Corcoran Cheryl M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe experiences of culturally diverse individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR) is not well studied. Exploratory research needs to examine whether differences exist between racial/ethnic groups within the CHR population. Understanding experiences of Latinx patients is of importance, as the Latinx population represents the most rapidly growing paediatric population in the United States and they face significant barriers to mental health treatment. Because Latinx persons experience high rates of mental illness‐based stigma and discrimination in their communities, they may face additional stigma‐based barriers to CHR treatment.MethodTwenty‐six participants (15 Latinx, 11 non‐Latinx white/NLW) who met CHR criteria based on the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐Risk Syndromes (SIPS) were interviewed regarding stigma associated with CHR identification and symptoms. Using a consensus‐based open‐coding thematic analysis approach, data were analysed for stigma, discrimination, and coping responses.ResultsInstances of internalization of stereotypes appeared to be more salient to NLW participants than Latinx participants, and Latinx participants reported seemingly more anticipated rejection from stereotypes than NLW participants. Experiences of discrimination also appeared to be more salient to Latinx participants than NLW participants. Moreover, Latinx participants reported evidently greater instances of discrimination across anticipated, individual, and structural discrimination. Finally, while covering strategies appeared to be more salient to NLW's, Latinx clients more often described using secrecy as well as a greater range of coping responses, including empowerment.ConclusionWhile the experience of anticipated rejection appeared to be more salient to Latinx CHR participants and they seemingly report more secrecy than NLW, they also engaged in empowerment‐related coping strategies. Future research should continue to explore the roles of cultural values in influencing coping strategies among CHR individuals.
NCME Presidential Address 2020: Valuing Educational Measurement
Authors: Sireci Stephen G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe community of educational measurement researchers and practitioners has made many positive contributions to education, but has also become complacent and lost the public trust. In this article, reasons for the lack of public trust in educational testing are described, and core values for educational measurement are proposed. Reasons for distrust of educational measurement include hypocritical practices that conflict with our professional standards, a biased and selected presentation of the history of testing, and inattention to social problems associated with educational measurement. The five core values proposed to help educational measurement serve education are: (a) everyone is capable of learning; (b) there are no differences in the capacity to learn across groups defined by race, ethnicity, or sex; (c) all educational tests are fallible to some degree; (d) educational tests can provide valuable information to improve student learning and certify competence; and (e) all uses of educational test scores must be sufficiently justified by validity evidence. The importance of these core values for improving the science and practice of educational measurement to benefit society is discussed.
Earnouts: The real value of disagreement in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Battauz Anna , Gatti Stefano , Prencipe Annalisa , Viarengo Luca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarnout agreements link part of the payment for an acquired company to its future performance. Despite their option‐like features, they cannot be valued using vanilla option‐pricing methods. Two peculiar sources of risk affect these contracts: Bidder default before the earnout expiration (default risk) and potential litigation associated with earnouts (litigation risk). We developed an option‐pricing model that encompasses these sources of risk, showing that counterparty and litigation risk can have a remarkable impact on earnout values. Our model's relevance is further enhanced by recent accounting standards that require contingent payments to be valued at fair value.
Quasi‐static compression and compression–compression fatigue behavior of regular and irregular cellular biomaterials
Authors: Raghavendra Sunil , Molinari Alberto , Cao Anni , Gao Chao , Berto Filippo , Zappini Gianluca , Benedetti Matteo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main aim of the current study is to evaluate the compressive quasi‐static and fatigue properties of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) cellular materials, with different topologies, manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. The topologies herein considered are lattice‐based regular and irregular configurations of cubic, star, and cross‐shaped unit cell along with trabecular‐based topology. The results have indicated that the effective stiffness of all configurations are in the range of 0.3–20 GPa, which is desirable for implant applications. The morphological irregularities in the structures induce bending‐dominated behavior affecting more the topologies with vertical struts. The S–N curves normalized with respect to the yield stress indicate that the behavior of star regular structures is between purely stretching‐dominated cubic and purely bending‐dominated cross‐based structures. Trabecular structures have shown desirable quasi‐static and fatigue properties despite the random distribution of struts.
The potential impact of a shifting Pacific sardine distribution on U.S. West Coast landings
Authors: Smith James A. , Muhling Barbara , Sweeney Jonathan , Tommasi Desiree , Pozo Buil Mercedes , Fiechter Jerome , Jacox Michael G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany fish species are shifting spatial distributions in response to climate change, but projecting these shifts and measuring their impact at fine scales are challenging. We present a simulation that projects change in fishery landings due to spatial distribution shifts, by combining regional ocean and biogeochemical models (forced by three earth system models, ESMs: GFDL‐ESM2M, HadGEM2‐ES, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR), correlative models for species distribution and port‐level landings, and a simulation framework which provides realistic values for species abundance and fishery conditions using an historical “reference period”. We demonstrate this approach for the northern subpopulation of Pacific sardine, an iconic commercial species for the U.S. West Coast. We found a northward shift in sardine landings (based on the northern subpopulation's habitat suitability), with projected declines at southern ports (20%–50% decline by 2080) and an increase (up to 50%) or no change at northern ports, and this was consistent across the three ESMs. Total sardine landings were more uncertain, with HadGEM2 indicating a 20% decline from 2000 to 15 levels by 2070 (a rate of 170 mt/y), IPSL a 10% increase (115 mt/y), and GFDL an 15% increase by the year ~2050 followed by a sharp decrease. The ESMs also differed in their projected change to the timing of the fishing season and frequency of fishery closures. Our simulation also identified key constraints on future landings that can be targeted by more tactical assessment; these included the seasonality of quota allocation and the abundance of other species in the catch portfolio.
Outcomes for studies assessing the efficacy of hemostatic therapies in persons with congenital bleeding disorders
Authors: Aquino Camila C. , Borg Debono Victoria , Germini Federico , Pete Drashti , Kempton Christine L. , Young Guy , Sidonio Robert , Croteau Stacy E. , Dunn Amy L. , Key Nigel S. , Iorio Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionManagement strategies and hemostatic treatments to achieve control of bleeding are relevant across many disease areas. Identification of primary outcomes for studies assessing hemostatic intervention was the objective of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored multidisciplinary initiative. The aim of this report is to summarize the evidence reviewed, and the outcomes identified by the subgroup tasked to assess outcomes for inherited bleeding disorders.MethodsThe subgroup decided to focus on haemophilia, the prototypal congenital bleeding disorder and the one with the largest available body of evidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO, The Cochrane Review, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for systematic and narrative reviews on outcomes used in haemophilia clinical trials. Three different clinical goals were identified as typical objectives of future research.ResultsOut of 1322 unique citations, 24 reviews published in the period 2002–2019 were included. We identified 113 outcome measures, categorized in 6 domains: health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), comorbidities and mortality, overall physical functioning and participation, bleeding and hemostasis, joint health, and costs and resource use. Three different clinical goals were identified as typical objectives of future research: Episodic ‘on demand’ replacement therapy, prevention of bleeding (Prophylaxis), and long‐term and overall impact of bleeding. For each of these scenarios, specific outcomes were recommended.ConclusionsPrimary outcomes for clinical trials assessing the efficacy of hemostatic treatment in achieving control, prevention and limiting long‐term consequences of bleeding in inherited bleeding disorders are suggested, and their strength and limitations discussed.
How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well‐being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours
Authors: Zhang Fan , Or Peggy P. L. , Chung Joanne W. Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth literacy, the ability to access, understand, evaluate and apply health information, was found to contribute to positive health outcomes, possibly via promoting healthy behaviours. However, the specific pathways linking different health literacy skills to health and well‐being have remained unclear.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with structural questionnaires was administered among 2236 adults in Hong Kong (mean age = 46.10 ± 19.05). Health literacy was measured by HLS‐Asian‐47. Participants' physical conditions and subjective well‐being were predicted by health literacy and health behaviours with structural modelling path analysis.ResultsHealth literacy in finding and understanding information showed a direct effect on enhancing physical health, while applying information capacity had an indirect positive effect via promoting health behaviours, which was moderated by sex. Only among women, this indirect effect predicting fewer physical symptoms and better well‐being was significant.ConclusionsDifferent health literacy dimensions showed distinct direct and indirect pathways in influencing health for men and women. Based on the findings, skill trainings should be developed to enhance both gender's abilities of finding and understanding health information, while the ability of applying health information should also be improved for modifying lifestyle and promoting health, particularly for women.Patient or Public ContributionTwo thousand and two hundred thirty‐six adults from different districts of Hong Kong participated in the study, and responded to questions on health literacy, behaviours and health status.
Identifying adolescents with hoarding disorder
Authors: Carnevale Teresa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHoarding disorder is a relatively new diagnosis in the DSM‐5, only just included in the most recent edition. The disorder has piqued the interest of many in the community, in part because of the hit TV show called “Hoarders.” Although there is interest, there continues to be relatively few research studies into the causes, treatment, and management of this disorder specifically in adolescences. Yet, in the research that has been published, it often sites the disorder first appearing in adolescents. This paper will discuss the following elements of adolescent hoarding disorder: The potential etiology and risk factors noted in the literature, the DSM‐5 criteria for the diagnosis of hoarding disorder, and the characteristic signs and symptoms found in the adolescent presentation, as well as treatment. Finally, it will also include recommendations for healthcare professionals for early screening and treatment.
Blood pressure variability and target organ damage regression in hypertension
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Carugo Stefano , Tadic Marijana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study by Triantafyllidi et al. supports the view that regression of subclinical cardiac damage requires an effective 24‐hour blood pressure (BP) control along with a reduction in BP variability and suggests that the assessment of BPV and its modifications during the course of therapy may be an useful approach in predicting the beneficial effects of treatment on cardiac structure. However, some aspects and limitations of this study require caution in drawing firm conclusions. So, further investigation is needed to determine if reduction of BPV is actually associated with a regression in cardiac and extracardiac organ damage to identify which which classes of antihypertensive drugs are most effective in reducing BPV, and to elucidate whether those treatments provide additional clinical benefit, independent of the conventional BP targets.
A Matter of Public Importance? The ‘Europe Open for Business’ Campaign, British Public Opinion and the Single Market
Authors: Smedley Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article offers a historical assessment of the ‘Europe Open for Business’ campaign, launched in 1988 by Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government and related to the programme to complete the single market. The campaign, which greatly increased business awareness of the 1992 programme, was a unique propaganda exercise that emphasized the importance that the Conservatives attached to the single market. However, the campaign was undermined by Thatcher's September 1988 Bruges speech. Using contemporary public opinion data related to the single market, the article also argues that it was limited by the decision to target solely a business, rather than a public, audience. Through its assessment of the Europe Open for Business campaign, the article thus contributes to four areas of inquiry: British government propaganda over European integration; Conservative Party European policy; the growing literature on the Bruges speech; and broader debates on the role of publics in the European integration process.
Prevalence and risk factors of functional constipation in the Rome IV criteria during a medical check‐up in Japan
Authors: Otani Koji , Watanabe Toshio , Takahashi Kanae , Nadatani Yuji , Fukunaga Shusei , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Kamata Noriko , Taira Koichi , Nagami Yasuaki , Kimura Tatsuo , Fukumoto Shinya , Kawada Norifumi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional constipation (FC) is one of the functional bowel disorders with symptoms of constipation in the Rome IV criteria. This study aimed to examine the epidemiology of FC in a large‐scale survey of individuals undergoing a medical check‐up in Japan.MethodsA total of 13 729 subjects who underwent a medical check‐up at MedCity21 between April 2018 and March 2019 were given a questionnaire that inquired about bowel habits. Among them, 10 658 subjects participated in this study, and FC was diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria.ResultsThe number of subjects who fulfilled diagnostic criteria of FC was 220, and the prevalence of FC was 2.1%. Compared with subjects with non‐FC, those with FC were more complaining of abdominal bloating and distension, feeling stressed, getting annoyed, lack of motivation, fatigue upon waking, and feeling depressed. The risk of FC was significantly lower among subjects who drank alcohol more than 5 days a week, exercised for more than 30 min at least twice a week for more than 1 year, and were getting enough rest by sleeping, whereas it was significantly higher among women and subjects who were eating faster than other people.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FC in Japanese subjects during a medical check‐up was relatively low compared with that in Western countries. Subjects with FC had troublesome symptoms, and it might be suggested that female sex, lack of regular exercise with moderate activity, insufficient rest by sleeping, and eating faster were a risk of FC.
Epidemiology and risk of psychiatric disorders among patients with celiac disease: A population‐based national study
Authors: Alkhayyat Motasem , Qapaja Thabet , Aggarwal Manik , Almomani Ashraf , Abureesh Mohammad , Al‐otoom Omaymah , Zmaili Mohammad , Mansoor Emad , Abou Saleh Mohannad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCeliac disease (CD) is a chronic disorder resulting from an immune reaction to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Although several studies have linked CD to psychiatric diseases, there are limited data on this topic. Using a large database, we sought to describe the epidemiology of several psychiatric disorders in CD.MethodsWe queried a multicenter database (Explorys Inc), an aggregate of electronic health record data from 26 major integrated healthcare systems from 2016 to 2020 consisting of 360 hospitals in the USA. A cohort of patients with a Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine – Clinical Terms diagnosis of CD was identified. Multivariate analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.ResultsOf the 37 465 810 patients in the database between 2016 and 2020, there were 112 340 (0.30%) individuals with CD. When compared with patients with no history of CD, patients with CD were more likely to have a history of anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.385; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.364–1.407), depression (OR: 1.918; 95% CI: 1.888–1.947), bipolar (OR: 1.321; 95% CI: 1.289–1.354), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR: 1.753; 95% CI: 1.714–1.792), eating disorder (OR: 15.84; 95% CI: 15.533–16.154), and childhood autistic disorder (OR: 4.858; 95% CI: 3.626–6.508). Patients with CD and psychiatric conditions were more likely to be smokers, with history of alcohol and substance abuse as well as a history of personality disorder.ConclusionsIn this large database, patients with CD are at increased risk of having multiple psychiatric diseases including anxiety, depression, bipolar, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorder, and childhood autism. Individual care and referral to psychiatry when appropriate are warranted while taking care of this group of patients.
Characteristics of patients with overlap functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Bouchoucha Michel , Deutsch David , Uong Panha , Mary Florence , Sabate Jean‐Marc , Benamouzig Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are frequently overlapped. The present study was designed to (i) search the clinical differences between patients with single FGID and overlap FGIDs and (ii) define the most common FGIDs associations to identify homogenous subgroups of patients.MethodsA total of 3555 outpatients with FGID filled out the Rome III adult diagnostic questionnaire, Bristol stool form, and four 10‐point Likert scales to report the severity of constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. An unsupervised algorithm was used to estimate the number of groups directly from the data. A classification tree separated patients into different subgroups, according to FGIDs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to characterize the groups of patients with overlap disorders.ResultsPatients reported 3.3 ± 1.9 FGIDs (range 1–10, median = 3); 736 reported only one FGID, while 2819 reported more than one FGID (3.8 ± 1.7). Patients with single FGID had higher body mass index (P < 0.001), never report irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and rarely report fecal incontinence and anorectal pain (< 1% for each disorder). The non‐supervised clustering of the 2819 patients with overlap FGIDs divided this population into 23 groups, including five groups associated with only one disorder (IBS‐diarrhea, dysphagia, functional constipation, levator ani syndrome, and IBS‐unspecified). Ten groups were related to two overlap disorders and eight groups to three or more disorders. Three disorders were not explicitly associated with a given group: IBS‐mixed, proctalgia fugax, and nonspecific anorectal pain.ConclusionPatients with FGID mostly report overlap disorders in a limited number of associations, each significantly associated with a few disorders.