bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of potential antidiabetic phytochemicals from Gongronema latifolium leaf against therapeutic targets of type 2 diabetes mellitus: multi-targets drug design
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Iwaloye Opeyemi , Owolabi Olutunmise Victoria , Ejeje Jerius Nkwuda , Okerewa Alice , Johnson Oluwafolakemi O. , Udebor Ashley Eguonor , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the most predominant group of metabolic disorders wreaking havoc on the wellbeing of man, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) accounting for most DM related cases. This study, hence, investigated the antidiabetic potential of Gongronema latifolium leaf fractionated compounds against proteins implicated in different molecular pathways related to the onset and progression of type 2 DM. A total of fifteen proteins that can act as type 2 DM therapeutic targets were identified from the literature and downloaded/modelled using respective repositories. After docking the compounds with the fifteen proteins, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK 3β), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and human aldose reductase were chosen as the ideal targets due to their high binding affinities with the compounds. Subsequent in silico analysis like binding free energy, ADMET predictions using different servers, and machine-learning predictive models (QSAR) using kernel partial least square regression were employed to identify promising compounds against the three targets. The eleven identified compounds (Luteonin, Kampferol, Robinetin, Gallocatechin, Baicalin, Apigenin, Genistein, Rosmaric acid, Chicoric acid and Naringenin) formed stable complexes with the proteins, showed moderation for toxicity, drugability, GI absorptions and drug-drug interactions, though structure modifications may be needed for lead optimization. The predictive QSAR models with reliable correlation coefficient (R2) showed the potency of the compounds to act as inhibitors (pIC50) of aldose reductase and GSK 3β, and act as agonists (pEC50) of GLP-1R. Thus, this study experimental framework can be used to design compounds that can modulate proteins related to type 2 DM without inducing off-target effects.
New Constraints for the On‐Shore Makran Subduction Zone Crustal Structure
Authors: Priestley Keith , Sobouti Farhad , Mokhtarzadeh Rahil , A. Irandoust Mohsen , Ghods Reza , Motaghi Khalil , Ho Tak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Makran Subduction Zone is the primary seismic/tsunami hazard of the northwestern Indian Ocean, but little is known of its on‐shore seismic structure. We derived a shear wave velocity model extending to 100 km depth beneath a ∼400 km‐long seismic profile oriented parallel to the convergence vector of the Arabian Sea Plate. Receiver function/surface wave analysis shows that the average structure in the coastal region comprises a ∼22–28 km‐thick low wavespeed sedimentary cover and a 6–8 km‐thick gradient zone overlying 100 km‐thick high wavespeed upper mantle. The ocean‐basement interface dips gently northward, remaining a positive impedance contrast to ∼50 km depth at ∼250 km north of the coast where it disappears as the basaltic/gabbroic oceanic crust has probably transformed to eclogite. Further north, a weak arrival at ∼5 s in the receiver functions appears, grading northward into the Moho arrival of the continental Iranian Plateau. This disruption in the seismic signature of the Moho occurs in the forearc region where the dip of the subducting oceanic plate steepens. The southern Iranian Plateau's continental crust has an average Vs of 3.55 ± 0.05 km s−1, an almost flat Moho 40–45 km deep, and a sub‐Moho mantle Vs of 3.75 ± 0.05 km s−1 in the 50–80 km depth range. Weak Moho conversions probably result from ∼20% serpentinization of peridotite in the mantle wedge. Receiver functions indicate a flat continental Moho – no crustal root beneath the high topography region of the volcanic belt, which therefore must be compensated by low upper mantle densities. The high Vp/Vs ratio observed for the mantle wedge suggests ∼1%–2% partial melt.
JAK2V617F variant allele frequency >50% identifies patients with polycythemia vera at high risk for venous thrombosis
Authors: Guglielmelli Paola , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Mannarelli Carmela , Rossi Elena , Mannelli Francesco , Ramundo Francesco , Coltro Giacomo , Betti Silvia , Maccari Chiara , Ceglie Sara , Chiusolo Patrizia , Paoli Chiara , Barbui Tiziano , Tefferi Ayalew , De Stefano Valerio , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArterial (AT) and venous (VT) thrombotic events are the most common complications in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the impact of JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (VAF) is still debated. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the impact of JAK2V617F VAF in the context of other established risk factors for thrombosis in a total of 865 2016 WHO-defined PV patients utilizing two independent cohorts: University of Florence (n = 576) as a training cohort and Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome (n = 289) as a validation cohort. In the training cohort VT free-survival was significantly shorter in the presence of a JAK2V617F VAF > 50% (HR 4; p < 0.0001), whereas no difference was found for AT (HR 0.9; p = 0.8). Multivariable analysis identified JAK2V617F VAF > 50% (HR 3.8, p = 0.001) and previous VT (HR 2.2; p = 0.04) as independent risk factors for future VT whereas diabetes (HR 2.4; p = 0.02), hyperlipidemia (HR 2.3; p = 0.01) and previous AT (HR 2; p = 0.04) were independent risk factors for future AT. Similarly, JAK2V617F VAF > 50% (HR 2.4; p = 0.01) and previous VT (HR 2.8; p = 0.005) were confirmed as independent predictors of future VT in the validation cohort. Impact of JAK2V617F VAF > 50% on VT was particularly significant in conventional low-risk patients, both in Florence (HR 10.6, p = 0.005) and Rome cohort (HR 4; p = 0.02). In conclusion, we identified JAK2V617F VAF > 50% as an independent strong predictor of VT, supporting that AT and VT are different entities which might require distinct management.
Circulating miR-184 is a potential predictive biomarker of cardiac damage in Anderson–Fabry disease
Authors: Salamon Irene , Biagini Elena , Kunderfranco Paolo , Roncarati Roberta , Ferracin Manuela , Taglieri Nevio , Nardi Elena , Laprovitera Noemi , Tomasi Luciana , Santostefano Marisa , Ditaranto Raffaello , Vitale Giovanni , Cavarretta Elena , Pisani Antonio , Riccio Eleonora , Aiello Valeria , Capelli Irene , La Manna Gaetano , Galiè Nazzareno , Spinelli Letizia , Condorelli Gianluigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a mainstay of treatment for Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD), a pathology with negative effects on the heart and kidneys. However, no reliable biomarkers are available to monitor its efficacy. Therefore, we tested a panel of four microRNAs linked with cardiac and renal damage in order to identify a novel biomarker associated with AFD and modulated by ERT. To this end, 60 patients with a definite diagnosis of AFD and on chronic ERT, and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals, were enrolled by two Italian university hospitals. Only miR-184 met both conditions: its level discriminated untreated AFD patients from healthy individuals (c-statistic = 0.7522), and it was upregulated upon ERT (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, miR-184 was independently and inversely associated with a higher risk of cardiac damage (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76–0.98; P = 0.026). Adding miR-184 to a comprehensive clinical model improved the prediction of cardiac damage in terms of global model fit, calibration, discrimination, and classification accuracy (continuous net reclassification improvement = 0.917, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] = 0.105, P = 0.017; relative IDI = 0.221, 95% CI = 0.002–0.356). Thus, miR-184 is a circulating biomarker of AFD that changes after ERT. Assessment of its level in plasma could be clinically valuable in improving the prediction of cardiac damage in AFD patients.
Fuelling the future of sustainable sugar fermentation across generations
Authors: Lips David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiomanufacturing in the form of industrial sugar fermentation is moving beyond pharmaceuticals and biofuels into chemicals, materials, and food ingredients. As the production scale of these increasingly consumer‐facing applications expands over the next decades, considerations regarding the environmental impact of the renewable biomass feedstocks used to extract fermentable sugars will become more important. Sugars derived from first‐generation biomass in the form of, for example, corn and sugarcane are easily accessible and support high‐yield fermentation processes, but are associated with the environmental impacts of industrial agriculture, land use, and competition with other applications in food and feed. Fermentable sugars can also be extracted from second‐ and third‐generation feedstocks in the form of lignocellulose and macroalgae, respectively, potentially overcoming some of these concerns. Doing so, however, comes with various challenges, including the need for more extensive pretreatment processes and the fermentation of mixed and unconventional sugars. In this review, we provide a broad overview of these three generations of biomass feedstocks, outlining their challenges and prospects for fuelling the industrial fermentation industry throughout the 21st century.
Multifunctional scheme for frequency/voltage/stability control in HVDC line under concurrent cyber‐attacks and faults
Authors: Hemmati Reza , Faraji Hossien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a control mechanism on high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line for frequency/voltage regulation, fault ride through (FRT) capability, and cyber‐attack/fault detection. The network under study consists of two areas with different frequencies that are connected through one 300 km HVDC line. The proposed control system regulates the frequency in both areas by managing power through HVDC line. The converters on both sides of HVDC line are controlled to handle faults on the DC and AC sections as well as improving fault ride through capability. The control strategies are implemented and operated depending on fault/cyber‐attack type and behaviour. In this respect, the control mechanism may change the firing angle of converters, switch their operating mode from rectifier to converter and vice‐versa or even block the converters. The proposed paradigm successfully distinguishes between the cyber‐attacks and faults. The simulations in MATLAB software validate that the proposed mechanism realizes all the objectives and the cyber‐attacks are completely identified and separated from the faults.
Anti‐icing polyimide thin film with microcolumns fabricated by RIE with cooling and PCVD
Authors: Shi Xiaoxin , Lv Xianglian , Lu Jiangbo , Xu Yukun , Yuan Weizheng , He Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnti‐icing polyimide (PI) thin films are a promising anti‐icing technology for aircraft. A processing method combining reactive ion etching with cooling and plasma chemical vapour deposition is proposed to fabricate anti‐icing PI thin films with microcolumns (PI‐M). The anti‐icing performance of PI‐M was examined. The apparent contact angle (APCA) was 153° ± 1.4°, and the APCA hysteresis was 8.5° ± 0.5°. The calculated Weber number was high, and a droplet on PI‐M rebounded within 2.56 s, whereas rebounding occurred more slowly on a smooth PI surface (PI‐S). The freezing time of droplets on PI‐M was 70% longer than that on PI‐S. The average ice adhesion force on PI‐M was 42% smaller than that on PI‐S. Repeated measurements of the ice adhesion force on PI‐M demonstrated that it was stable (deviation: ±1 N). The APCA showed that PI‐M is superhydrophobic, which indicates that droplets on PI‐M were in the Cassie state. The droplet bouncing behaviour was explained in terms of horizontal force equilibrium at the interface. The anti‐icing mechanism of PI‐M was modelled using heterogeneous nucleation theory and a contact area model. The results explained the good anti‐icing performance and suggested that PI‐M may have excellent potential for anti‐icing applications.
Sequential linear filtering with non‐linear position and Doppler measurements for target tracking
Authors: Cheng Ting , Li Lifu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor radar target tracking with non‐linear measurements, a sequential linear filtering method is proposed in this study, which includes a linear filter based on the position measurements and a linear sequential filter based on the range rate measurement. The linear radar measurement equation in the sequential filter is estimated based on the position filtering result. Furthermore, the feedback information during tracking is adaptively selected according to the quality of the angle measurements. When tracking the manoeuvring target, the proposed sequential linear filtering with adaptive information feedback is combined with the interacting multiple model (IMM) framework, and the IMM filter based on sequential linear filtering with adaptive model probability selection is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in non‐manoeuvring and manoeuvring target tracking. Compared with traditional algorithms, the tracking performance is improved by the proposed algorithms in both typical non‐manoeuvring and manoeuvring scenes.
EMG-Phänomene peripherer motorisch axonaler
Übererregbarkeit
Authors: Posa Andreas , Kornhuber Malte 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Nadel-Elektromyographie (EMG) besitzen Phänomene der vermehrten
Erregbarkeit von Muskelfasern und von motorischen Axonen Bedeutung für
die Diagnostik neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen. Zur motorisch axonalen
Übererregbarkeit gehören spontane Phänomene wie
Faszikulationen, spontane kontinuierliche Einzelentladungen der motorischen
Einheit (SKEME), Myokymien, neuromyotone Entladungsserien und Krampi. Ferner
gehören dazu reizinduzierte Phänomene wie manche A-Wellen,
reizinduzierte komplex repetitive Entladungen oder tetanischen Spasmen bei
Elektrolytstörungen. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird der
Kenntnisstand zu den verschiedenen Phänomenen motorisch axonaler
Übererregbarkeit referiert. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den SKEME
als neuem Mitglied der Gruppe spontaner Potenziale aus dem motorischen Axon.
Medizintechnische Großgeräte – Eine Analyse
der Versorgungsstrukturen 20 Jahre nach Aufhebung der
Standortplanung
Authors: Dreger Marie , Henschke Cornelia 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die
Versorgungsstrukturen mit stationär installierten Computertomographen
(CT) und Positronenemissionstomographen (PET) 20 Jahre nach Aufhebung der
Standortplanung medizintechnischer Großgeräte.
Methodik Mittels kartographischer Analysen wird die stationäre
Versorgungssituation mit CT und PET zwischen 2010 und 2017 visualisiert.
Regionale Unterschiede werden in Relation zu Einwohnerzahlen und Krankheitslast
gesetzt, um potenziell über- oder unterversorgte Gebiete zu
identifizieren.
Ergebnisse Für CT ist eine nahezu flächendeckende
Versorgung festzustellen. Lediglich 0,3% der Bevölkerung
erreichen kein Gerät innerhalb von 30 Fahrminuten. Hinsichtlich der
Versorgung mit PET liegen hingegen weiträumig nicht zeitnah
versorgungsfähige Regionen vor, die einen größeren Teil
der Bevölkerung betreffen. Darüber hinaus weist die Versorgung
eine hohe regionale Variation auf, welche weder durch die Einwohnerdichte noch
Krankheitslast der Region erklärt werden kann.
Schlussfolgerung Die seit Jahrzehnten gewachsenen Versorgungsstrukturen
mit medizintechnischen Großgeräten ohne konkrete regulative
Maßnahmen zeugen von zum Teil starken regionalen
Versorgungsunterschieden. Diese sind sowohl aus ökonomischer als auch
medizinischer Perspektive kritisch zu betrachten. Inwiefern eine weitere
Ausgestaltung wettbewerblicher Parameter oder eine mögliche
sektorübergreifende Standortplanung zu einer bedarfsgerechten und
effizienten Versorgungssituation im Bereich medizintechnischer
Großgeräte führen kann, gilt es noch näher zu
untersuchen.
Utilization of Online Resources by Patients in an Ophthalmic Emergency Department
Authors: Hwang Jodi C. , Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Cavuoto Kara M. , Ansari Zubair , Patel Nimesh A. , Goodman Courtney F. , Lang Steven , Sridhar Jayanth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To describe the utilization of online resources by patients prior to presentation to an ophthalmic emergency department (ED) and to assess the accuracy of online resources for ophthalmic diagnoses.
Methods This is a prospective survey of patients presenting to an ophthalmic ED for initial evaluation of ocular symptoms. Prior to evaluation, patients completed surveys assessing ocular symptoms, Internet usage, and presumed self-diagnoses. Demographics and characteristics of Internet usage were determined. Accuracy of self-diagnoses was compared between Internet users and nonusers. Diagnoses were classified as high or low acuity based on agreement between senior authors.
Results A total of 144 patients completed surveys. Mean (standard deviation) age was 53.2 years (18.0). One-third of patients used the Internet for health-related searches prior to presentation. Internet users were younger compared with nonusers (48.2 years [16.5] vs. 55.5 years [18.3], p = 0.02). There were no differences in sex, ethnicity, or race. Overall, there was a threefold difference in proportion of patients correctly predicting their diagnoses, with Internet users correctly predicting their diagnoses more often than nonusers (41 vs. 13%, p < 0.001). When excluding cases of known trauma, the difference in proportion increased to fivefold (Internet users 40% vs. nonusers 8%, p < 0.001). Upon classification by acuity level, Internet users demonstrated greater accuracy than nonusers for both high- (42 vs. 17%, p = 0.03) and low (41 vs. 10%, p = 0.001)-acuity diagnoses. Greatest accuracy was in cases of external lid conditions such as chalazia and hordeola (100% [4/4] of Internet users vs. 40% (2/5) of nonusers), conjunctivitis (43% [3/7] of Internet users vs. 25% [2/8] of nonusers), and retinal traction or detachments (57% [4/7] of Internet users vs. 0% [0/4] of nonusers). The most frequently visited Web sites were Google (82%) and WebMD (40%). Patient accuracy did not change according to the number of Web sites visited, but patients who visited the Mayo Clinic Web site had greater accuracy compared with those who visited other Web sites (89 vs. 30%, p = 0.003).
Conclusion Patients with ocular symptoms may seek medical information on the Internet before evaluation by a physician in an ophthalmic ED. Online resources may improve the accuracy of patient self-diagnosis for low- and high-acuity diagnoses.
Palatal mucormycosis in neutropenic children: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Devaraja K. , Krishnan Neethu V. , Bhat Vasudeva K. , Pujary Kailesh , Venkatagiri Archana M. , Vijayasekharan Kalasekhar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPalatal involvement in mucormycosis is mostly secondary to rhino-orbito-cerebral disease, but rarely can be a primary disease of the oral mucosa. This report presents two rare cases of the isolated palatal mucormycosis in neutropenic children and highlights some of the peculiar features of the primary palatal disease and management-related issues in children. A 12-year-old child, who had completed the dexamethasone-based induction phase of chemotherapy for Near Early T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and a 9-year-old boy with a Late Isolated Medullary relapse of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who was to receive salvage induction chemotherapy, developed palatal discoloration without any other major complaints. Both had neutropenia and were on antifungal prophylaxis. In vitro staining of the discolored mucosa suggested mucormycosis, which was confirmed by pathological examination of the debrided tissue. Computed tomography, done before debridement, showed no significant sinonasal disease enabling us to proceed with the transoral approach. With the help of adjuvant antifungal therapy, the infection could be contained in both cases. This report, along with the reviewed literature, shows that limited palatal mucormycosis can be effectively treated by early diagnosis and debridement and appropriate antifungal therapy. Also, the role of antifungal prophylaxis amongst neutropenic patients has been briefly discussed here.
Comparative Analysis of Anal Colposcopy with Histology in the Follow-Up of Patients under Treatment for Anal Condyloma
Authors: Manzione Thiago da Silveira , Nadal Sidney Roberto , Gonçalves Antônio José 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives To compare morphological abnormalities on anal colposcopy against histology to determine anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).
Methods This is a retrospective data assessment of HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients undergoing outpatient follow-up. The sample comprised 54 patients presenting acetowhite lesions on anal colposcopy. Acetowhite lesions were classified according to their morphology into punctation, verrucous, mosaic, ulcerated, or hypervascularized, and biopsies of these specimens were classified as anal HSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or normal. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, the Fisher exact test and the chi-squared parametric test. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used and a level of significance < 5% was adopted for all statistical tests.
Results Fifty-four patients (50 males, 80% HIV + ) with biopsied acetowhite lesions were assessed. There were 31 punctation lesions, 1 classified as HSIL (3.2%; 95%CI: 0–40.0), 17 verrucous lesions, 3 HSIL (17.7%; 95%CI: 0–10.7), and 1 ulcerated, classified as HSIL (100%), and 4 mosaic and 1 atypical vessel lesion, all classified as LSIL. The results showed no association of presence of anal HSIL with positivity for HIV infection or with counts above or below 500/µl in HIV+ patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, the Fisher exact test, and the chi-squared parametric test.
Conclusion The comparison of morphological findings on anal colposcopy against histology revealed no morphological pattern suggesting anal HSIL.