bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner retinal degeneration associated with optic nerve head drusen in pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Hess Kristina , Raming Kristin , Charbel Issa Peter , Herrmann Philipp , Holz Frank G , Pfau Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

Background/aimsTo determine the association of age, presence of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and number of previous intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections with inner retinal layer thicknesses in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, longitudinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging data from patients with PXE were compared with controls. A custom deep-learning-based segmentation algorithm was trained and validated to quantify the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). The association of age, number of anti-VEGF injections and ONHD with the RNFL and GCL thickness in the outer ETDRS subfields as dependent variables was investigated using mixed model regression.ResultsFourty-eight eyes of 30 patients with PXE were compared with 100 healthy eyes. The mean age was 52.5±12.9 years (range 21.3–68.2) for patients and 54.2±18.7 years (range 18.0–84.5) for controls. In patients, ONHD were visible in 15 eyes from 13 patients and 31 eyes had received anti-VEGF injections. In the multivariable analysis, age (−0.10 µm/year, p<0.001), the diagnosis of PXE (−2.03 µm, p=0.005) and an interaction term between age and the presence of ONHD (−0.20 µm/year, p=0.001) were significantly associated with the GCL thickness. Including the number of intravitreal injections did not improve the model fit. The RNFL thickness was not significantly associated with any of these parameters.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant association of ageing and ONHD with GCL thinning in patients with PXE, but not with the number of anti-VEGF injections. Given the severity of inner retinal degeneration in PXE, a clinical trial investigating neuroprotective therapy warrants consideration.
Gaussian quantum steering under the influence of a dilaton black hole
Authors: Hu Biwei , Wen Cuihong , Wang Jieci , Jing Jiliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the dynamics of Gaussian quantum steering in the background of a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton black hole. It is found that the gravity induced by dilaton field will destroy the quantum steerability between the inertial observer Alice and the observer Bob who hovers outside the event horizon, while it generates steering-type quantum correlations between the causally disconnected regions. Therefore, the observers can steer each other’s state by local measurements even though they are separated by the event horizon. Unlike quantum entanglement in the dilaton spacetime, the quantum steering experiences catastrophic behaviors such as “sudden death” and “sudden birth” with increasing dilaton charge. In addition, the dilaton gravity destroys the symmetry of Gaussian steering and the latter is always asymmetric in the dilation spacetime. Interestingly, the attainment of maximal steering asymmetry indicates the critical point between one-way and two-way steering for the two-mode Gaussian state in the dilaton spacetime.
Quantum interference and imaging using intense laser fields
Authors: Amini Kasra , Chacón Alexis , Eckart Sebastian , Fetić Benjamin , Kübel Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The interference of matter waves is one of the intriguing features of quantum mechanics that has impressed researchers and laymen since it was first suggested almost a century ago. Nowadays, attosecond science tools allow us to utilize it in order to extract valuable information from electron wave packets. Intense laser fields are routinely employed to create electron wave packets and control their motion with attosecond and ångström precision. In this perspective article, which is based on our debate at the Quantum Battles in Attoscience virtual workshop 2020, we discuss some of the peculiarities of intense light-matter interaction. We review some of the most important techniques used in attosecond imaging, namely photoelectron holography and laser-induced electron diffraction. We attempt to ask and answer a few questions that do not get asked very often. For example, if we are interested in position space information, why are measurements carried out in momentum space? How to accurately retrieve photoelectron spectra from the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation? And, what causes the different coherence properties of high-harmonic generation and above-threshold ionization?

GraphicAbstract
Application of Age, Body Mass Index, Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes, and Genotyping Score for Efficacy of Clopidogrel: Secondary Analysis of the CHANCE Trial
Authors: Dai Liye , Xu Jie , Yan Hongyi , Chen Zimo , Pan Yuesong , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
The age, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and genotyping (ABCD-GENE) score is a validated risk score integrating CYP2C19 genotypes with clinical risk factors influencing clopidogrel response that would allow the more precise identification of subjects at risk for high platelet reactivity and adverse clinical outcomes. Our objective was to further verify application of the ABCD-GENE score and investigate appropriate cutoff value in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods:
In this post-analysis of the CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events), the ABCD-GENE score was calculated for all patients enrolled in this study. By using the proposed cutoff of 10, patients were stratified as being at high risk for high platelet reactivity or not. We further categorized the ABCD-GENE score to 0 to 5, 6 to 24, and >24 to investigate the cutoff value of this scale in clinical application. Stroke recurrence at 3 months was considered as the primary outcome.

Results:

Among a total of 2923 patients with minor stroke/transient ischemic attack, there were 2273 (77.76%) with ABCD-GENE score <10 and 650 (22.24%) patients with ABCD-GENE score ≥10. Compared with the aspirin alone, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of the clopidogrel-aspirin therapy for stroke recurrence were 0.70 (0.54–0.91) and 0.76 (0.46–1.24), among patients of ABCD-GENE scores <10 and ABCD-GENE scores ≥10, respectively. Stratified analyses by ABCD-GENE score 0 to 5, 6 to 24, and >24, hazard ratios of the clopidogrel-aspirin therapy for stroke recurrence were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.38–0.85), 0.78 (0.58–1.06), and 1.20 (0.44–3.28) (
P
value for trend=0.0052).

Conclusions:
Among Chinese minor stroke/transient ischemic attack population, the efficacy of clopidogrel-aspirin therapy was decreased in patients with higher ABCD-GENE score. Our study suggests that CYP2C19 genotypes and clinical risk factors can be integrated by ABCD-GENE score to estimate the efficacy of clopidogrel-aspirin therapy.
Aspiration Versus Stent Retriever Thrombectomy for Posterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Bernsen Marie Louise E. , Bruggeman Agnetha A.E. , Brouwer Josje , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Goldhoorn Robert-Jan B. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van Zwam Wim H. , van der Leij Christiaan , Schonewille Wouter J. , Martens Jasper M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Whereas a clear benefit of endovascular treatment for anterior circulation stroke has been established, randomized trials assessing the posterior circulation have failed to show efficacy. Previous studies in anterior circulation stroke suggest that advanced thrombectomy devices were of great importance in achieving clinical benefit. Little is known about the effect of thrombectomy techniques on outcomes in posterior circulation stroke. In this study, we compare first-line strategy of direct aspiration to stent retriever thrombectomy for posterior circulation stroke.

Methods:
We analyzed data of patients with a posterior circulation stroke who were included in the Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands Registry between March 2014 and December 2018, a prospective, nationwide study, in which data were collected from consecutive patients who underwent endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke in the Netherlands. We compared patients who underwent first-line aspiration versus stent retriever thrombectomy. Primary outcome was functional outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale. Secondary outcomes were reperfusion grade, complication rate, and procedure duration. Associations between thrombectomy technique and outcome measures were estimated with multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses.

Results:

Overall, 71 of 205 patients (35%) were treated with aspiration, and 134 (65%) with stent retriever thrombectomy. Patients in the aspiration group had a lower pc-ASPECTS on baseline computed tomography, and general anesthesia was more often applied in this group. First-line aspiration was associated with better functional outcome compared with stent retriever thrombectomy (adjusted common odds ratio for a 1-point improvement on the modified Rankin Scale 1.94 [95% CI, 1.03–3.65]). Successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2B) was achieved more often with aspiration (87% versus 73%,
P
=0.03). Symptomatic hemorrhage rates were comparable (3% versus 4%). Procedure times were shorter in the aspiration group (49 versus 69 minutes
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In this retrospective nonrandomized cohort study, our findings suggest that first-line aspiration is associated with a shorter procedure time, better reperfusion, and better clinical outcome than stent retriever thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke based on large vessel occlusion in the posterior circulation.
Effect of Fascia Implantation and Controlled Release of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Muscle Atrophy in Rat Laryngeal Paralysis
Authors: Nagai Hiromi , Nishiyama Koichiro , Seino Yutomo , Tabata Yasuhiko , Yamashita Taku 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo improve lateral thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle atrophy after laryngeal paralysis, reconstruction of the vascular network of the atrophied muscle is necessary. We therefore evaluated whether the controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with autologous fascia implantation could affect vascular reconstruction in the lateral TA muscle.Study DesignAnimal experiment.SettingLaboratory.MethodsUnilateral laryngeal paralysis was induced in 20 rats. The rats were implanted with autologous fascia and a gelatin hydrogel sheet with or without 1 µg of bFGF (fascia and bFGF + fascia groups; n = 5 each) and with only a gelatin hydrogel sheet with bFGF (bFGF group: n = 5). Another group remained untreated (n = 5) at 4 months after paralysis. At 3 months since transplantation, intra‐ and intergroup comparisons of the muscle volumes and total area of blood vessels in the lateral TA muscle were performed.ResultsWhen compared with the untreated group, the bFGF + fascia group showed a significant increase in muscle volume (P =.0008) and vascular area (P =.0002) in the lateral TA muscle, whereas the other 2 treated groups demonstrated an insufficient effect.ConclusionbFGF + fascia implantation showed histologic improvement in severe laryngeal paralysis. We demonstrated that the decrease in lateral TA muscle mass after paralysis might be countered by the reconstruction of the vascular network. Our findings indicate that hypovascular and denervated areas of the laryngeal muscle can be regenerated by the implantation of growth factors and scaffolds with surgical stress.Level of evidence5.
Autograft Versus Allograft: The Evidence in Hip Labral Reconstruction and Augmentation
Authors: Cooper Joseph D. , Dekker Travis J. , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Soares Rui W. , Philippon Marc J. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Labral augmentation and labral reconstruction have emerged as essential procedures for restoring the anatomic and functional characteristics of the hip joint in patients with a deficient hip labrum or irreparable labral tear. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare allograft and autograft hip labral reconstruction and augmentation. We hypothesized that autografts would entail fewer revision arthroscopic procedures. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were identified who underwent labral reconstruction or labral augmentation using iliotibial band (ITB) allograft or ITB autograft performed by a single surgeon between 2011 and 2017. Patient-reported outcome measures collected before surgery and at minimum 2-year follow-up included the following: Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living and Hip Outcome Score Sports-Specific Subscale and, at follow-up, patient satisfaction (range, 1-10, with 10 being very satisfied). Patients followed a standardized rehabilitation protocol after surgery with relative individualization to address each patient's needs. For continuous variables, comparisons between allografts and autografts were made using Student t tests or Mann-Whitney tests. Categorical comparisons were assessed using chi-square or Fisher exact test. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the influence of graft choice on risk of revision or THA. Results: A total of 205 hips met 2-year inclusion criteria. ITB allografts were used for 55 patients (37 augmentations, 18 reconstructions) and ITB autografts for 150 patients (34 augmentations, 116 reconstructions). Females represented a greater proportion of allograft versus autograft patients (71% vs 46%, respectively; P = .001). Overall, autograft patients had larger alpha angles (66.6° vs 59.1°; P = .001) and longer grafts (46 vs 41 mm; P = .03) compared with allograft patients. A total of 13 (23.6%) patients required revision surgery in the allograft group compared with 11 (7.3%) in the autograft group ( P < .001). After controlling for sex, procedure (reconstruction vs augmentation), and previous surgery, the odds of revision were higher for allograft patients (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.5-11.6). No significant differences in conversion to THA were observed between groups (allograft = 9%; autograft = 6%; P = .50), even after adjustment for the above covariates (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.6-7.9). No differences in postoperative patient-reported outcome measures or patient satisfaction were observed between groups. Conclusion: Labral augmentation or reconstruction with autograft has a significantly lower revision rate than labral augmentation or reconstruction with allograft.
Can We Eliminate Opioids After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moutzouros Vasilios , Jildeh Toufic R. , Tramer Joseph S. , Meta Fabien , Kuhlmann Noah , Cross Austin , Okoroha Kelechi R. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Multimodal pain protocols have been effective for postsurgical pain control; however, no published protocol has been effective in eliminating opioid consumption. Purpose: To compare a multimodal nonopioid pain protocol versus traditional opioid medication for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 90 patients undergoing primary ACLR were assessed for participation. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled trial in accordance with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010 statement. The study arms were a multimodal nonopioid analgesic protocol (acetaminophen, ketorolac, diazepam, gabapentin, and meloxicam) and a standard opioid regimen (hydrocodone-acetaminophen), and the primary outcome was postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores for 10 days. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcomes, complications, and satisfaction. The observers were blinded, and the patients were not blinded to the intervention. Results: A total of 9 patients did not meet inclusion criteria, and 19 patients declined participation. Thus, 62 patients were analyzed, with 28 patients randomized to the opioid group and 34 to the multimodal nonopioid group. Patients receiving the multimodal nonopioid pain regimen demonstrated significantly lower VAS scores compared with patients who received opioid pain medication ( P < .05). Patients were administered the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System Pain Interference Short Form, and no significant difference was found in patients’ preoperative scores (opioid group, 58.6 ± 7.9; multimodal nonopioid group, 57.5 ± 7.4; P = .385) and 1-week postoperative scores (opioid group, 66.3 ± 8.2; multimodal nonopioid group, 61.4 ± 8.8; P = .147). When we adjusted for possible confounders (age, sex, body mass index, graft type), no significant differences in pain control were found between the 2 groups. The most common adverse effects for both groups were drowsiness and constipation, with no difference between the groups. All patients in the multimodal nonopioid group reported satisfactory pain management. Conclusions: A multimodal nonopioid pain protocol provided at least equivalent pain control compared with traditional opioid analgesics in patients undergoing ACLR. Minimal side effects, which did not differ between groups, were noted, and all patients reported satisfaction with their pain management.
A hybrid optimization technique to control the machining performance of graphene/carbon/polymer (epoxy) nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Jogendra , Verma Rajesh K , Mondal Arpan K , Singh Vijay K 
Published: October 2021

The machining behavior of polymers is substantially different from metal and their alloys due to non-homogeneity and anisotropy. This article describes a hybrid optimization method during machining (milling) of epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by graphene oxide/carbon fiber (G/CF). The milling experimentation was staged according to the L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi theory. The control of process constraints, namely, cutting speed (Vc), feed (F), depth of cut (D), and G weight % (G) have been appraised to acquired the desired machining response such as material removal rate (MRR), cutting force ( F c), and surface roughness ( R a). Grey-coupled principal component analysis (grey-PCA) effectively tackled the response priority weight during aggregation of conflicting responses. The optimal condition secured by the grey-PCA module are found as Vc = 25.12 m/min, F = 240 mm/min, D = 0.5 mm, and G = 1 %. The supplement of graphene enhances the machining characteristics of the nanocomposites, which in turn, minimizes the damages that occur during the milling process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted for microstructure investigation of the machined component. The findings of confirmatory experiments show good agreement with the actual ones. The preferred solution values of grey-PCA are observed as 1.027, which confirms the proposed technique’s higher practicability.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Licensed Masters-Level Social Worker’s Engagement in Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Washburn Micki , Parrish Danielle E. , Oxhandler Holly K. , Ma Anny K. , Garrison Brianna 
Published: October 2021

Purpose Little is known concerning the way that Licensed Masters-Level social workers are evaluating outcomes. Methods Licensed providers ( n = 111) completed a mixed-methods web-based survey regarding ways they evaluate practice outcomes. Content analysis was used to identify ways in which social workers reported evaluating practice outcomes. Results Evaluation methods identified were (1) not consistently evaluating client outcomes, (2) completion of follow-up appointments, (3) clinical judgment/completion of treatment plan, (4) satisfaction surveys, (5) client-reported symptom remission, (6) judgment of key informants, and (7) standardized objective measures. Objective evaluation methods were used most by individuals reporting frequent outcome evaluation, those reporting less frequent outcome evaluation used client self-report or relied on feedback from key informants to gauge client’s progress. Frequency of outcome evaluation was inversely related to perceived difficulty of evaluating outcomes. Discussion Social workers frequently rely on non-standardized, subjective evaluation methods. More research in this area is currently indicated.
Epidemiology and Survival of Colorectal Cancer in Lebanon: A Sub-National Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chatila Rajaa , Mansour Joseph , Mugharbil Anas , Nsouli Ghazi , O’Son Lana , Sayad Edouard , Deeb Mary E. 
Published: October 2021

Background Scarce data exist about colorectal cancer (CRC) presentation and outcomes in Lebanon. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of Lebanese patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, particularly the method of detection, age of onset, stage at presentation, treatment modalities, and survival. Methods This is a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with CRC, diagnosed between 2005 and 2010, admitted to 6 major university-affiliated medical centers in Lebanon. Results The total sample consisted of 586 patients (median age: 64 years; M:F ratio: 1.25). The most common presenting symptoms were changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and blood per rectum. Only 3% had been diagnosed by screening colonoscopy. Of the patients diagnosed with CRC younger than 50 years of age, 72.5% had a positive family history ( P = .07). More than two-thirds of patients had an advanced stage of the disease III and IV at presentation. The Kaplan–Meier–estimated survival rate was 0%, 44.5%, 70.2%, and 78.5% for those with stage IV, III, II, and I, respectively ( P = .0001), and did not vary by age nor gender of the patient. There was no differential in survival estimate for patients with stage II and III by number of chemotherapy cycles received. However, there was a significant difference in median survivorship for patients with metastatic stage IV disease; those who received less than or equal to 9 cycles had a median survivorship of 2 years (CI: 1.31–2.68) compared to 4 years (CI: 2.36–5.63) for those who received more than 9 cycles ( P = .047). The cox regression showed while controlling for age and gender that patients diagnosed at stage IV had a hazard ratio of 8.81 (3.20–24.22) compared to those who were diagnosed at stage I ( P = .047). Conclusions Lebanese patients affected by colorectal cancer tend to present with advanced disease stages, leading to poor prognosis and survival.