bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-depth structural characterization of oligosaccharides released by GH107 endofucanase MfFcnA reveals enzyme subsite specificity and sulfated fucan substructural features
Authors: Ropartz David , Marion Lery , Fanuel Mathieu , Nikolic Jasna , Jam Murielle , Larocque Robert , Ficko-Blean Elizabeth , Michel Gurvan , Rogniaux Helene 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The extracellular matrix of brown algae represents an abundant source of fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs). FCSPs include sulfated fucans, essentially composed of fucose, and highly heterogeneous fucoidans, comprising various monosaccharides. Despite a range of potentially valuable biological activities, the structures of FCSPs are only partially characterized and enzymatic tools leading to their deconstruction are rare. Previously, the enzyme MfFcnA was isolated from the marine bacterium Mariniflexile fucanivorans and biochemically characterized as an endo-α-1 → 4-l-fucanase, the first member of glycoside hydrolase family 107. Here, MfFcnA was used as an enzymatic tool to deconstruct the structure of the sulfated fucans from Pelvetia canaliculata (Fucales brown alga). Oligofucans released by MfFcnA at different time points were characterized using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry through Charge Transfer Dissociation. This approach highlights a large diversity in the structures released. In particular, the analyses show the presence of species with less than three sulfates per two fucose residues. They also reveal species with monosaccharides other than fucose and the occurrence of laterally branched residues. Precisely, the lateral branching is either in the form of a hexose accompanied by a trisulfated fucose nearby, or of a side chain of fucoses with a pentose as the branching point on the polymer. Overall, the results indicate that the structure of sulfated fucans from P. canaliculata is more complex than expected. They also reveal the interesting capacity of MfFcnA to accommodate different substrates, leading to structurally diverse oligofucan products that potentially could be screened for bioactivities.
Can we align antibiotic policies at an international level in the absence of harmonized definitions?
Authors: Simjee Shabbir , Henninger Marc , Ippolito Gabriella , Atkinson Jackie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The foundations of robust policies are reliant on harmonized definitions allowing consistency of understanding. However, it is evident that there is a lack of harmonization of definitions in the antibiotic space and even the simplest of terms such as ‘antibiotic’ and ‘antimicrobial’ do not have a single harmonized definition at an international level. This lack of harmonization makes interpretation of policies in different geographies a difficult, sometimes impossible, task. This article proposes a set of definitions that could be adopted by international institutions such as the WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) as well as regulatory agencies.
Lorentz scanning electron/ion microscopy
Authors: Harada Ken , Shimada Keiko , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have developed an observation and measurement method for spatial electromagnetic fields by using scanning electron/ion microscopes, combined with electron holography reconstruction technique. A cross-grating was installed below the specimen, and the specimens were observed under the infocus condition, and the grating was simultaneously observed under the defocus condition. Electromagnetic fields around the specimen were estimated from grating-image distortions. This method is effective for low and middle magnification and resolution ranges; furthermore, this method can in principle be realizable in any electron/ion beam instruments because it is based on the Lorentz force model for charged particle beams.
A case of TEVAR for acute aortic dissection after MICS AVR and retroperitoneal tumor resection
Authors: Tsutsui Masahiro , Narita Masahiko , Ushioda Ryohei , Kikuchi Yuta , Shirasaka Tomonori , Ishikawa Natsuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
If multiple treatments are performed within a short time, when something occurs, it is difficult to identify its cause. Here, we present a case of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute aortic dissection (AAD) after multiple treatments. A 76-year-old woman underwent minimally invasive aortic valve replacement, transcatheter lumbar artery embolism and retroperitoneal tumor resection within a short period of time. After a series of procedures, the patient experienced sudden back pain, and computed tomography revealed an AAD Type B. Her back pain persisted; therefore, we performed TEVAR, and the post-operative course was uneventful. In this case, the relationship between AAD and treatment before AAD was unclear, but AAD should considered when performing treatments that may cause AAD.
Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Urinary Iodine Determination on Microplate Based on Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction
Authors: Oblak Adrijana , Arohonka Petra , Erlund Iris , Kuzmanovska Sonja , Zaletel Katja , Gaberšček Simona 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
Iodine is an essential part of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Therefore, it is essential to monitor iodine supply in a population. The biochemical marker for assessing and controlling iodine is urinary iodine concentration (UIC).

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study included 180 pregnant women and 308 women of reproductive age. Urine specimens from 185 of the 488 volunteers were used. The urine specimens were measured using 2 methods: (1) ammonium persulfate digestion (APD), followed by the Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) reaction modified on microplate for spectrophotometric detection; and (2) the reference method, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results
The regression equation between the methods was ICP-MS method = 1.137*(APD S-K)-5.57. A Passing-Bablok regression showed no deviation from linearity (P = .17). A Bland-Altman plot showed a negative mean bias of –2.7%.

Conclusion
The APD S-K reaction modified on microplate for spectrophotometric detection of UIC can be implemented into routine work. Its results are comparable to those of laboratories worldwide and to ICP-MS.
Constraining the initial conditions of NGC 2264 using ejected stars found in Gaia DR2
Authors: Schoettler Christina , Parker Richard J , de Bruijne Jos 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Fast, ejected stars have been found around several young star-forming regions, such as the Orion Nebula Cluster. These ejected stars can be used to constrain the initial density, spatial and kinematic substructure when compared to predictions from N-body simulations. We search for runaway and slower walkaway stars using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) within 100 pc of NGC 2264, which contains subclustered regions around higher mass OB stars (S Mon, IRS 1, and IRS 2). We find five runaways and nine walkaways that trace back to S Monocerotis (S Mon) and six runaways and five walkaways that trace back to IRS 1/2 based on their 3D kinematics. We compare these numbers to a range of N-body simulations with different initial conditions. The number of runaways/walkaways is consistent with initial conditions with a high initial stellar density (∼10 000 M⊙ pc−3), a high initial amount of spatial substructure, and either a subvirial or virialized ratio for all subclusters. We also confirm the trajectories of our ejected stars using the data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), which reduces the number of runaways from IRS 1/2 from six to four but leaves the number of runaways from S Mon unchanged. The reduction in runaways is due to smaller uncertainties in the proper motion and changes in the parallax/distance estimate for these stars in Gaia EDR3. We find further runaway/walkaway candidates based on proper motion alone in Gaia DR2, which could increase these numbers once radial velocities are available. We also expect further changes in the candidate list with upcoming Gaia data releases.
Phylogenetic and Molecular Analyses Identify SNORD116 Targets Involved in the Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Baldini Laeya , Robert Anne , Charpentier Bruno , Labialle Stéphane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe eutherian-specific SNORD116 family of repeated box C/D snoRNA genes is suspected to play a major role in the Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), yet its molecular function remains poorly understood. Here, we combined phylogenetic and molecular analyses to identify candidate RNA targets. Based on the analysis of several eutherian orthologs, we found evidence of extensive birth-and-death and conversion events during SNORD116 gene history. However, the consequences for phylogenetic conservation were heterogeneous along the gene sequence. The standard snoRNA elements necessary for RNA stability and association with dedicated core proteins were the most conserved, in agreement with the hypothesis that SNORD116 generate genuine snoRNAs. In addition, one of the two antisense elements typically involved in RNA target recognition was largely dominated by a unique sequence present in at least one subset of gene paralogs in most species, likely the result of a selective effect. In agreement with a functional role, this ASE exhibited a hybridization capacity with putative mRNA targets that was strongly conserved in eutherians. Moreover, transient downregulation experiments in human cells showed that Snord116 controls the expression and splicing levels of these mRNAs. The functions of two of them, diacylglycerol kinase kappa and Neuroligin 3, extend the description of the molecular bases of PWS and reveal unexpected molecular links with the Fragile X syndrome and autism spectrum disorders.
Dynamic 23S rRNA modification ho5C2501 benefits Escherichia coli under oxidative stress
Authors: Fasnacht Michel , Gallo Stefano , Sharma Puneet , Himmelstoß Maximilian , Limbach Patrick A , Willi Jessica , Polacek Norbert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications are added to ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) to govern ribosome biogenesis and to fine-tune protein biosynthesis. In Escherichia coli and related bacteria, RlhA uniquely catalyzes formation of a 5-hydroxycytidine (ho5C) at position 2501 of 23S rRNA. However, the molecular and biological functions as well as the regulation of ho5C2501 modification remain unclear. We measured growth curves with the modification-deficient ΔrlhA strain and quantified the extent of the modification during different conditions by mass spectrometry and reverse transcription. The levels of ho5C2501 in E. coli ribosomes turned out to be highly dynamic and growth phase-dependent, with the most effective hydroxylation yields observed in the stationary phase. We demonstrated a direct effect of ho5C2501 on translation efficiencies in vitro and in vivo. High ho5C2501 levels reduced protein biosynthesis which however turned out to be beneficial for E. coli for adapting to oxidative stress. This functional advantage was small under optimal conditions or during heat or cold shock, but becomes pronounced in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, these data provided first functional insights into the role of this unique 23S rRNA modification for ribosome functions and bacterial growth under oxidative stress.
Highly conserved s2m element of SARS-CoV-2 dimerizes via a kissing complex and interacts with host miRNA-1307-3p
Authors: Imperatore Joshua A , Cunningham Caylee L , Pellegrene Kendy A , Brinson Robert G , Marino John P , Evanseck Jeffrey D , Mihailescu Mihaela Rita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity for a more fundamental understanding of the coronavirus life cycle. The causative agent of the disease, SARS-CoV-2, is being studied extensively from a structural standpoint in order to gain insight into key molecular mechanisms required for its survival. Contained within the untranslated regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome are various conserved stem-loop elements that are believed to function in RNA replication, viral protein translation, and discontinuous transcription. While the majority of these regions are variable in sequence, a 41-nucleotide s2m element within the genome 3′ untranslated region is highly conserved among coronaviruses and three other viral families. In this study, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 s2m element dimerizes by forming an intermediate homodimeric kissing complex structure that is subsequently converted to a thermodynamically stable duplex conformation. This process is aided by the viral nucleocapsid protein, potentially indicating a role in mediating genome dimerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the s2m element interacts with multiple copies of host cellular microRNA (miRNA) 1307-3p. Taken together, our results highlight the potential significance of the dimer structures formed by the s2m element in key biological processes and implicate the motif as a possible therapeutic drug target for COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related diseases.
Role of ketone bodies in diabetes-induced dementia: sirtuins, insulin resistance, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter
Authors: Chung Ji Yeon , Kim Oh Yoen , Song Juhyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes can have several neuropathologies, such as memory deficits. Recent studies have focused on the association between metabolic imbalance and neuropathological problems, and the associated molecular pathology. Diabetes triggers neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in the brain. Glucose is a main energy substrate for neurons, but under certain conditions, such as fasting and starvation, ketone bodies can be used as an energy fuel for these cells. Recent evidence has shed new light on the role of ketone bodies in regulating several anti-inflammation cellular pathways and improving glucose metabolism, insulin action, and synaptic plasticity, thereby being neuroprotective. However, very high amount of ketone bodies can be toxic for the brain, such as in ketoacidosis, a dangerous complication that may occur in type 1 diabetes mellitus or alcoholism. Recent findings regarding the relationship between ketone bodies and neuropathogenesis in dementia are reviewed in this article. They suggest that the adequately low amount of ketone bodies can be a potential energy source for the treatment of diabetes-induced dementia neuropathology, considering the multifaceted effects of the ketone bodies in the central nervous system. This review can provide useful information for establishing the therapeutic guidelines of a ketogenic diet for diabetes-induced dementia.
NARROW AND DWARF LEAF 1, the Ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1/DORNRÖSCHEN, Mediates Leaf Development and Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Oryza sativa L
Authors: Kusnandar Andree S , Itoh Jun-Ichi , Sato Yutaka , Honda Eriko , Hibara Ken-ichiro , Kyozuka Junko , Naramoto Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The molecular basis for leaf development, a major focus in developmental biology, remains unclear in the monocotyledonous grass, rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we performed a mutant screen in rice and identified an AP2-type transcription factor family protein, NARROW AND DWARF LEAF1 (NDL1). NDL1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana (subsequently called Arabidopsis) ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1)/DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and mediates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Loss of function of NDL1 results in bladeless leaves and SAMs that are flat, rather than dome-shaped, and lack cell proliferation activity. This loss of function also causes reduced auxin signaling. Moreover, as is the case with Arabidopsis ESR1/DRN, NDL1 plays crucial roles in shoot regeneration. Importantly, we found that NDL1 is not expressed in the SAM but is expressed in leaf primordia. We propose that NDL1 cell autonomously regulates leaf development, but non-cell autonomously regulates SAM maintenance in rice.
The multicritical point principle as the origin of classical conformality and its generalizations
Authors: Kawai Hikaru , Kawana Kiyoharu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The multicritical point principle is one of the interesting theoretical possibilities that can explain the fine-tuning problems of the universe. It simply claims that “the coupling constants of a theory are tuned to one of the multicritical points, where some of the extrema of the effective potential are degenerate.” One of the simplest examples is the vanishing of the second derivative of the effective potential around a minimum. This corresponds to the so-called classical conformality, because it implies that the renormalized mass m2 vanishes. More generally, the form of the effective potential of a model depends on several coupling constants, and we should sweep them to find all the multicritical points. We study the multicritical points of a general scalar field ϕ at one-loop level under the circumstance that the vacuum expectation values of the other fields are all zero. For simplicity, we also assume that the other fields are either massless or so heavy that they do not contribute to the low-energy effective potential of ϕ. This assumption makes our discussion very simple because the resultant one-loop effective potential is parametrized by only four effective couplings. Although our analysis is not completely general because of the assumption, it can still be widely applicable to many models of the Coleman–Weinberg mechanism and its generalizations. After classifying the multicritical points at low-energy scales, we will briefly mention the possibility of criticalities at high-energy scales and their implications for cosmology.
From Abandonment to Hospitalisation: Evolution of Hospital Care in Rural Spain (1939–1975)
Authors: Barceló Prats Josep , Lanero Táboas Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Summary
The aim of this article is to explain the situation of the Spanish hospital system during the twentieth century and to analyse the reasons why the difficulties that a significant part of the Spanish population, resident in rural areas, had to access hospital services during the Franco dictatorship were perpetuated. The first section uses a conceptual perspective to discuss the repercussions that the new medical significance of the hospital had for the notion of ‘rural hospital’. The second section examines the projects for hospital modernisation that appeared before the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and highlights what impeded the consolidation of these pioneering experiences in the country. The following section analyses the hospital situation in Spain’s rural world as well as the profound changes that occurred during the last decades of the dictatorship, just on the threshold of the health reform that was finally implemented in the democratic period.
Unambiguous Trends Combining Absolute and Relative Income Poverty: New Results and Global Application
Authors: Decerf Benoit , Ferrando Mery 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the period 1990–2015, many countries experienced a reduction in extreme absolute poverty and an increase in relative poverty. As a result, the global trend of “overall” income poverty, which combines absolute and relative poverty, may depend on arbitrary normative choices such as the priority given to the absolutely poor over the relatively poor. This article proves that, if one assumes that an individual who is absolutely poor is poorer than an individual who is only relatively poor, the overall poverty trend is sometimes independent of the priority parameter, even for cases for which absolute and relative poverty follow opposite trends. A survey conducted for this study suggests that this normative assumption collects broad support. This article applies overall poverty measures satisfying this assumption to assess the evolution of global poverty from 1990 to 2015. Results show that global overall poverty has been (at least) halved, regardless of the value chosen for the priority parameter.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms 2 Months After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Froeliger Alizée , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Seco Aurélien , Sentilhes Loïc 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and identify characteristics associated with it 2 months after singleton vaginal delivery at or near term.

METHODS:
We conducted an ancillary cohort study of the TRAAP (TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery) randomized controlled trial in 15 French hospitals in 2015–2016. Women who had singleton vaginal delivery after 35 weeks of gestation were enrolled. After randomization, characteristics of labor and delivery were prospectively collected and paid special attention to postpartum blood loss. Posttraumatic stress disorder profile and provisional diagnosis were assessed 2 months after childbirth by two self-administered questionnaires: the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and the TES (Traumatic Event Scale). Associations between potential risk factors and PTSD symptoms were analyzed by multivariable logistic or linear regression modeling, depending on the type of dependent variable.

RESULTS:
Questionnaires were returned by 2,740 of 3,891 women for the IES-R and 2,785 of 3,891 women for the TES (70.4% and 71.6% response rate). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 4.9% (95% CI 4.1–5.8%; 137/2,785) with the TES, and the prevalence of PTSD provisional diagnosis was 1.6% (95% CI 1.2–2.1%; 44/2,740), with the IES-R and 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.8%; 9/2,080) with the TES. Characteristics associated with a higher risk of PTSD in multivariable analysis were vulnerability factors — notably migrant status and history of psychiatric disorder (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.7 95% CI 1.4–5.2) — and obstetric factors — notably induced labor (aOR 1.5 95% CI 1.0–2.2), being labor longer than 6 hours (aOR 1.7 95% CI 1.1–2.5), postpartum hemorrhage of 1,000 mL or more (aOR 2.0 95% CI 1.0–4.2), and bad memories of delivery at day 2 postpartum (aOR 4.5 95% CI 2.4–8.3) as assessed with the IES-R. Results were similar with the TES.

CONCLUSION:
Approximately 1 of 20 women with vaginal delivery have PTSD symptoms at 2 months postpartum. History of psychiatric disorder, postpartum hemorrhage, and bad memories of deliveries at day 2 were the main factors associated with a PTSD profile.