bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FASN Inhibition as a Potential Treatment for Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Gruslova Aleksandra , McClellan Bryan , Balinda Henriette , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Alers Victoria , Sareddy Gangadhara , Garcia Michael , deGraffenried Linda , Vadlamudi Ratna , Brenner Andrew J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe majority of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ERα) positive making endocrine therapy a mainstay for these patients. Unfortunately, resistance to endocrine therapy is a common occurrence. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme in lipid biosynthesis and its expression is commensurate with tumor grade and resistance to numerous therapies. MethodsThe effect of the FASN inhibitor TVB-3166 on ERα expression and cell growth was characterized in tamoxifen resistant cell lines, xenografts, and patient explants. Subcellular localization of ERα was assessed using a combination of immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionations. Palmitoylation and ubiquitination of ERα were assessed by immunoprecipitation. ERα and p-eIF2α protein levels were analyzed by western blotting after treatment with TVB-3166 with or without the addition of palmitate or BAPTA. ResultsTVB-3166 treatment leads to a marked inhibition of proliferation in tamoxifen-resistant cells compared to the parental cells. Additionally, TVB-3166 significantly inhibited tamoxifen-resistant breast tumor growth in mice and decreased proliferation of primary tumor explants compared to untreated controls. FASN inhibition significantly reduced ERα levels most prominently in endocrine resistant cells and altered its subcellular localization. Furthermore, we showed that the reduction of ERα expression upon TVB-3166 treatment is mediated through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. ConclusionOur preclinical data provide evidence that FASN inhibition by TVB-3166 presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Further clinical development of FASN inhibitors for endocrine resistant breast cancer should be considered.
Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation into the Mechanisms of Qibangyishen Formula for the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Zhi , Jian Guihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease is the main microvascular complication of diabetes, and new treatment strategies are needed. We investigated the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-path mechanism of Qibangyishen formula for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by network pharmacology methods. Methods We collected the active ingredients and targets of Qibangyishen formula and examined diabetic kidney disease-related genes by searching the ETCM, TCMID, and DisGeNet databases. We constructed and analyzed the genetic network through Cytoscape software and used the STRING platform for pathway enrichment analysis. Results We uncovered 421 active ingredients of Qibangyishen formula, corresponding to 748 targets. A network analysis screen revealed 47 hub-node targets, and 13 of these targets were diabetic kidney disease-related disease genes. Further functional analysis identified 26 targets acting on 11 pathways related to the development of diabetic kidney disease, including PI3K-Akt, thyroid hormone, neurotrophin, Wnt, chemokine, and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathways. Conclusions This study suggests that Qibangyishen formula regulates multiple genes and biological processes related to diabetic kidney disease and provides a foundation for further research and clinical applications.
Erbium Doped Cobalt Nano-Ferrites: Preparation and Structural Properties.
Authors: Sumalatha Edapalli , Ravinder D , Prasad N.V.Krishna , Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Raslan Emad H. , Hadi Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Synthesized nano-ferrits of Cobalt-Erbium having chemical formula CoErxFe2−xO4(x = 0 to 0.030 with step size 0.05) were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Structural variables that include lattice constant (a), crystallite size (D), X-ray density (dx) and surface area (s) were computed from XRD patterns. XRD patterns confirmed single phase cubic spinal structure while TEM results revealed homogeneous nature of particles accompanied by clusters without impurity peaks. The observed results are explained on the basis of composition.
Technical Features of A Ninth-Century Silver Vessel of Southern China Uncovered From Famen Monastery, Shaanxi Province
Authors: Tan Panpan , Yang Junchang , Ren Xinlai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Silver art is an important feature of the Tang dynasty in China and the manufacturing center for silver shifted from north to south after the mid-8th century CE. The typology, stylistics and iconography of silver vessels from both regions have been studied in detail. Moreover, the analysis of northern-origin silver vessels has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the technological characteristics of southern silver vessels are unknown. The current work presents a non-invasive scientific analysis on a partially-gilded silver box from Jiangnanxidao of Tang (China), which was uncovered from the pagoda crypt of the Famen Monastery in Fufeng County, Shaanxi province. The analytical results reveal that the box was made of high-quality silver, smelted by cupellation, and composed of five pieces, which were bonded together with some sort of a soldering alloy. The ring foot was brazed to the bottom of box with Ag–Cu alloy. Hammering, brazing, engraving, repoussé, tracing and partial fire-gilding were employed to shape and decorate the box. One should note that these techniques are commonly observed in Tang silver vessels. Besides, the production and decorative procedures were identified through the tool marks. More strikingly, the comparison of tracing details between the southern box, presented here, and the previously reported northern silver vessels demonstrates that the former is more precise in terms of decorative details. Moreover, the similarities in motif expressions of southern-origin silver vessels after the mid-8th century and northern-origin silver vessels before the mid-8th century reflect the inheritance of decorative style, whilst the differences in technical skills indicate the evolution of decorative techniques, which attained high perfection by the southern silversmiths after the downfall of northern China. The current study presents novel insights into the silver technology of southern China during the late Tang dynasty.
Magnetic Field – Assisted Laser Ablation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Water for Anti-Bacterial Applications
Authors: Bahjat Hasan H. , Ismail R.A. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Jabir Majid S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser ablation in water under the effect of an external magnetic field. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy Dispersive x-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles. The XRD analysis of titanium oxide nanoparticles revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were polycrystalline with mixed of tetragonal anatase and rutile TiO2. Scanning electron microscope shows the formation of spherical nanoparticles and the particles agglomeration decreases and the particle size from increases from 25nm to 35nm when the magnetic field applied. The optical energy gap of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased from 4.6eV to 3.4eV after using the magnetic field during the ablation. Raman studies show the existence of five vibration modes belong to TiO2. The antibacterial effect assay revealed a largest inhibition zone in S. aureus and E. coli, with a more potent effect for TiO2 NPs prepared by magnetic field when compared with that prepared without presence of magnetic field.
MsSAMS, A Cold Stress-responsive Gene, Imparts Resistance to Environmental Stress Even in T2 Generation Transgenic Plants
Authors: Choi Hye Lim , Seo Ji Won , Hwang Myeong Ha , Yu Chang Yeon , Seong Eun Soo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to test the expression of the MsSAMS (Miscanthus sinensis S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) gene of T2 generation transgenic plants and to investigate their resistance and functionality to various environmental stresses. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) revealed that the thickest leaves were from the T6 transgenic line, at 161.24 ± 8.05 µm. Resistance to various factors such as low temperature, drought, and oxidative stress in the T2 generation transgenic plants was also confirmed. Under cold stress conditions, the T6 transgenic line showed the lowest value (22.73%) of ion leakage, and under drought stress conditions, the transgenic lines showed lower ion leakage compared to the control after treatment with any concentration of mannitol. Even under oxidative stress conditions, transgenic plants showed lower ion leakage levels compared to the control after treatment with all concentrations of methyl viologen. Regarding SAMS enzyme activity, as the time of cold treatment increased, the transgenic plants showed a tendency to decrease and then increase (22.75 ± 1.95 mg/ g-FW). Based on these results, it was suggested that the MsSAMS gene induced by cold stress can serve as a marker showing diversity of responding to environmental stresses because resistance to cold damage and various environmental stresses are stably inherited by the T2 generation.
Disruption of Neurotransmission, Membrane Potential, and Mitochondrial Calcium in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Nile Tilapia Elicited by Microcystis Aeruginosa Extract: An Uncommon Consequence of the Eutrophication Process
Authors: Nájera-Martínez Minerva , Landon-Hernández Goretti Guadalupe , Romero-López José Pablo , Domínguez-López María Lilia , García-Latorre Ethel Awilda , Vega-Lopez Armando 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are produced during the growth and proliferation of some species of cyanobacteria, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa, which has massive growth in eutrophic water bodies. Microcystins are highly toxic Microcystis-derived metabolites that exert its main effect in the liver through the inhibition of protein phosphatase (PP1 and PP2A). However, other damages in fish species are less documented and could be unexpected. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Microcystis aeruginosa extract (MaE) into the central nervous system (CNS) of the Nile tilapia. The MaE was normalized by MCs content (MC-LR). We include a positive control for protein phosphatase inhibition, norcantharidin intraperitoneally dosed at sublethal levels. On the eighth day, measurement of neurotransmission biomarkers (AChE, BChE, CbE and GABA) were measured, as well as levels of mitochondrial calcium, and the mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry in the brain and spinal cord were assessed, in addition to the PP1/PP2A activity in the liver. The MCs elicited mortality at 5 µg/L. The positive control and MCs at sublethal levels inhibited the PP1/PP2A activity in the liver and induced alterations in the neurotoxicity biomarkers evaluated in the CNS. This response is probably due to the disruption of transport ions, dependent and independent of ATP because of alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium. The findings of this study suggest that pollutants capable of inducing cyanobacterial blooms are able, in an indirect way, to exert neurotoxic effects in fish species through MC levels.
Low Cost Organic Adsorbents for Elemental Mercury Removal from Lignite Flue Gas
Authors: Marczak-Grzesik Marta , Budzyń Stanisław , Tora Barbara , Szufa Szymon , Kogut Krzysztof , Burmistrz Piotr 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Based on the knowledge of the impact of aspects tied to and utilised technology and raw materials on the speciation of mercury in the flue gas, the authors have undertaken the task of examining the process of sorption of mercury from flue gases using fine-grained organic materials. The main objectives of this study was to recommend a Low-Cost Organic Asorbent such as coke dust CD, Corn straw char CS-400, Brominated Corn straw char CS-400-Br, Rubber Char RC-600 and Granulated Rubber Char GRC-600 to efficiently substitute expensive dust-sized activated carbon. The study covered combustion of lignite from Polish field. The experiment was conducted at temperatures reflecting conditions inside a flue gas purification installation. The average mercury content in Polish lignite was 465 µg·kg-1. The concentration of mercury in flue gases emitted into the atmosphere was 17.8 µg·m-3.The study analysed five low-cost sorbents with the average achieved efficiency of mercury removal from 18.3 to 96.1% for lignite combustion depending on the flue gas temperature. Two of the tested sorbents exhibited good potential for Hg0 into Hg2 + oxidation, resulting in enhanced mercury removal from the flue.
Social Impacts Due to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions. Evidence From Sub-Sahara African Countries (SSA) Compared to Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN).
Authors: Aboyitungiye Jean Baptiste , Suryanto Suryanto , Gravitiani Evi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The recent climatic phenomena observed in developing countries since the 2000s have raised concerns, fears, and debates within the international community and economists. Human activities are largely responsible for atmospheric warming through their emissions of CO2 and polluting substances with dramatic consequences and numerous losses of human life in some countries. Using panel data covering the 2000-2016 period, this study investigated the social vulnerability due to the CO2 emissions through an empirical study of CO2’s determinants in selected countries of sub-Sahara African and Southeast Asian countries. The STIRPAT model gave out the result that; explanatories causes of carbon dioxide emissions are different in the two regions: the agriculture-forestry and fishing value-added, and human development index have a strong explanatory power on CO2 emissions in the ASEAN countries, the per-capita domestic product has a positive and significant influence on carbon emissions in the SSA countries, ceteris paribus, but was statistically insignificant in the ASEAN countries. The growing population decreases carbon emissions in the SSA selected countries while is not statically significant in the ASEAN countries. There is therefore a kind of double penalty: those who suffer, and will suffer the most from the impacts of climate change due to CO2 emissions, are those who contribute the least to the problem. These results provide insight into future strategies for the mitigation of climatic hazards already present in some places and potential for others which will be felt on different scales across the regions. Some of the inevitable redistributive effects of those risks can be corrected by providing financial support to the poorest populations hardest hit by natural disasters.
Molecular Identification of Five Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovars Isolated from Egyptian Poultry Farms
Authors: mustafa shereen , Esmael Ahmed , Badr Omnia A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Salmonella spp is the main cause of foodborne salmonellosis that is considered a public health threat all over the world. The robust usage of antibiotics in Egyptian poultry farms resulted in increasing the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica. In this study, the authors identify five multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovars. Multidrug-resistant characteristics of these isolates were detected. The taxonomic evidence of these isolates was investigated based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and pairwise sequence alignment between the isolates' sequence and the nearest sequences in the database. In silico restriction maps and phylogenetic trees were also constructed. The obtained sequences were deposited in the database under accession numbers MW311328.1, MW311371.1, MN820824.1, MN822653.1 and MW310702.1 for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains EG.SmE1, EG.SmE2 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains EG.SmT1, EG.SmT2, EG.SmT3, respectively. The five Salmonella isolates in this study showed multi-drug resistant characteristics. Salmonella Typhimurium isolate EG.SmT3 revealed resistance to more than five antibiotics. Results of pairwise sequence alignment, restriction maps and phylogenetic tree confirmed the close relationship between S. enteritidis isolates (EG.SmE1, EG. SmE2) and S. typhimurium isolates (EG.SmT1, EG.SmT2). However, the other S. typhimurium isolate (EG.SmT3) revealed the lowest identity ratio (98.6%) with the nearest sequence. The relative divergence of this isolate could be attributed to proposed mutations as a result of the vigorous use of antibiotics in Egyptian poultry farms.
Comparative Study the Impact of Single and Double Vacancy Defects in BC3 Nanosheet on the Acetaminophen Detection
Authors: Ebrahimiasl Saeideh , Hosseinian Akram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to investigate the interaction between the prefect and defected boron carbide (BC3) monolayer nanosheet and conventional acetaminophen (AP) drug. The obtained findings indicate no considerable interaction between BC3 nanosheet and AP drug. Thus, perfect BC3 is not highly sensitive against AP presence regarding weak interactions. We explored if introducing single vacancy (SV) and double vacancy (DV) defect in prefect BC3 nanosheet can enhance the interaction with AP drug. The adsorption energy of AP drug on the DV-BC3 and SV- BC3 surface were calculated about -15.32 and -23.78 kcal/mol, respectively. After AP adsorption, a considerable change of bang gap and work function of DV-BC3 and SV-BC3 was observed while only the electrical bang gap of perfect BC3 was changed after AP adsorption and the work function change was negligible. It can be concluded that both defected BC3 sheets can act as both electrical and work function sensor types while the perfect BC3 can only act as an electrical sensor. The adsorption energy is remarkably changed in media with higher dielectric constant. Additionally, AP adsorption dramatically changes the magnetic properties of DV-BC3.
Fabrication of Novel Valorized Ecofriendly Olive Seed Residue/anthracite/chitosan Composite for Removal of Cr (Vi): Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics Modeling
Authors: El-Aassar M R. , Mohamed F. M. , Alsohaimia I. H. , Khalifa R E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work verified the adsorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from synthetic aqueous solution using synthesized highly efficient low-cost adsorbent prepared from H2O2-modified olive seed residue solid waste/Anthracite/Chitosan (MOSR/An/CS) composite. Characteristics of the fabricated MOSR/An/CS composite were estimated by XRD, SEM, TGA, DSC, FT-IR, SBET and zeta potential tools. The entire chromium uptake study was conducted via batch adsorption mode under various operating conditions. Kinetics data were analyzed using five kinetic models, while empiric equilibrium data was fitted using three isotherms. The results clarified that Langmuir best described the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions with maximum monolayer coverage of 137.7 mg/g. Pseudo-first-order mode was nicely fitted the kinetics adsorption. Further, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models validates that more than one mechanism was contributed to the adsorption of Cr (VI). Besides, the estimated activation energy (Ea) and enthalpy (ΔH°) suggest the physical and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The developed MOSR/An/Cs composite exhibited decent reusability after five sequential adsorption cycles and showed higher adsorption affinity towards Cr (VI) ions. MOSR / An / Cs composite could also be effectively used as an effective eco-friendly and recyclable sorbent for the elimination of Cr (VI) from wastewater.
High-density Mapping for Gray Leaf Spot Resistance using Two Related Tropical Maize RIL Populations
Authors: Chen Long , Liu Li , Li Ziwei , Zhang Yudong , Kang Manjit S , Wang Yunyue , Fan Xingming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The identification of QTL/genes to resist gray leaf spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis or Cercospora Zeina plays an urgent role in improving GLS resistance in maize breeding practice. In our study, two groups of recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from CML373×Ye107 (176 RILs) and Chang7-2×Ye107 (190 RILs) were generated and subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). GBS technology was used for large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and simultaneous genotyping of all F7 lines from two related RIL populations in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with GLS resistance under natural conditions of disease occurrence. A total of 1929222287 reads in CML373×Ye107 (RIL-YCML) and 2585728312 reads in Chang7-2×Ye107 (RIL-YChang), with an average of 10961490 (RIL-YCML) and 13609096 (RIL-YChang) reads per individual, were got, which was roughly equal to 0.70-fold and 0.87-fold coverage of the maize B73 RefGen_V4 genome for each F7 individual, respectively. 6418 and 5139 SNP markers were extracted to construct two high-density genetic maps. Comparative analysis using these physically mapped marker loci demonstrated a satisfactory colinear relationship with the reference genome. Eleven GLS-resistant QTL have been detected. The individual QTL accounted for 2.05-24.00% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE). The new consensus QTL (qYCM-DS3-3/ qYCM-LT3-1/ qYCM-LT3-2) with the largest effect was located in chromosome bin 3.05, with an interval of 2.7 Mb, representing 13.08 to 24.00% of the PVE. Further gene annotation indicated that there were four candidate genes (GRMZM2G032384, GRMZM2G041415, GRMZM2G041544, and GRMZM2G035992) for qYCM-LT3-1, which may be related to GLS resistance.
On the Effectiveness of Digital Contact Tracing and Contact Prevention Under Varying COVID-19 Infection Detection Rates
Authors: Soldano German José , Fraire Juan Andrés , Finochietto Jorge Manuel , Quiroga Rodrigo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A plethora of measures are being combined in the attempt to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread. Due to its sustainability over time, contact tracing is one of the most frequently applied interventions worldwide, albeit with mixed results. In this work, we evaluate the perfomance of contact tracing for different infection detection rates and response time delays. We also introduce and analyze a novel strategy we call contact prevention. We model the effect of both strategies on contagion dynamics in SERIA, an agent-based simulation platform that implements realistic population-dependent statistical distributions. Results show that diagnostic/response time delays and low infection detection rates greatly impair the effect of contact tracing strategies, while contact prevention remains effective in these scenarios. Therefore, contact prevention could play a significant role in pandemic mitigation, specially in under-developed countries where diagnostic and tracing capabilities are insufficient. Contact prevention could thus sustainably reduce the propagation of respiratory viruses while relying on available technology, respecting data privacy, and most importantly, promoting community-based awareness and social responsibility. Depending on infection detection and app adoption rates, applying a combination of contact tracing and contact prevention could reduce pandemic-related mortality by 20%-56%.