bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of community-based interventions targeting female sex workers along the HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atuhaire Lydia , Adetokunboh Olatunji , Shumba Constance , Nyasulu Peter S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Female sex workers are extremely vulnerable and highly susceptible to being infected with human immunodeficiency virus. As a result, community-based targeted interventions have been recommended as one of the models of care to improve access to HIV services and continued engagement in care. We conducted a systematic review to (1) assess the effect of FSW-targeted community interventions on the improvement of HIV services access along the treatment cascade and (2) describe community-based interventions that positively affect continuation in HIV care across the HIV treatment cascade for FSWs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We defined the 5 steps that make up the HIV care cascade and categorized them as outcomes, namely, HIV testing and diagnosis, linkage to care, receipt of ART, and achievement of viral suppression. We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled trials, cohort, and cross-sectional studies done in sub-Saharan African countries and published from 2004 to 2020. The period was selected based on the time span within which ART was scaled up through widespread roll-out of comprehensive HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa. We reviewed studies with data on the implementation of community interventions for any of the HIV care cascade stage. The data were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis where possible, and for the rest of the studies, data were synthesized using summary statistics.

Results
The significant impact of the community interventions was observed on HIV testing, HIV diagnosis, and ART use. However, for HIV testing and ART use, the improvement was not sustained for the entire period of implementation. There were minimal interventions that had impact on HIV diagnosis, with only one community service delivery model showing significance. Generally, the interventions that had reasonable impact are those that implemented targeted and comprehensive package of HIV services provided at one location, and with unique strategies specific to each cascade stage.

Conclusions
The evidence brought forward from this review shows that the effect of community-based interventions varies across the different stages of HIV care cascade. A broad package of interventions including a combination of behavioral, biomedical, and structural, designed with specific strategies, unique to each cascade stage appears to be more effective, although information on long-term treatment outcomes and the extent to which FSWs remain engaged in care is sparse. There is need to conduct a further research to deepen the assessment of the effectiveness of community-based interventions on HIV care cascade for FSWs. This will enhance identification of evidence-based optimal interventions that will guide effective allocation of scarce resources for strategies that would have a significant impact on HIV service delivery.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020157623
Some Hermite–Hadamard and Opial dynamic inequalities on time scales
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Ryoo Cheon Seoung , Kashuri Artion , Hamed Y. S. , Abualnaja Khadijah M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we are interested in some well-known dynamic inequalities on time scales. For this reason, we will prove some new Hermite–Hadamard (H-H) and Opial dynamic inequalities on time scales. The main results here will be derived via the dynamic integration by parts and chain rule formulas on time scales. In addition, we will extend and unify the inequalities for the convex functions.
The effect of education based on health belief model on promoting preventive behaviors of hypertensive disease in staff of the Iran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Azadi Nemam Ali , Ziapour Arash , Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Irandoost Seyed Fahim , Abbas Jaffar , Chaboksavar Fakhreddin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is one of the major causes of many diseases, such as heart attack, strokes, kidney failure, and many internal disorders. This presentresearch study aimed to investigate the impact of educational programs based on the health belief model to promote hypertension prevention behavior of Iran University of Medical Sciences staff.

Methods
This study has incorporated pretest-posttest quasi-experimental based on 128 staff members and randomly assigned the recruited and involved participants to an intervention (n = 64) and a control group (n = 64). The data collection tool was based on a questionnaire related to health belief model constructs based on 42 questions. The study interpreted the results using ANCOVA and robust ANCOVA as suitable approaches.

Results
ANCOVA showed improvement in the cues to participants’ action following educational interventional (p = 0.011). the robust ANCOVA specified that the intervention was successful for participants with low to moderate initial levels of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy scores. The levels of these components did not change in participants with very high baseline scores. Compared to a control group, regardless of baseline score, the perceived benefits and practice (behavior) of participants at the intervention group were improved significantly (P <  0.05).

Conclusion
This current study specified that the education-based health belief model effectively promotes hypertension preventive behaviors among Iran University of Medical Sciences staff.
One-year intradialytic leg exercises with resistance bands and fat mass increase in elderly hemodialysis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Kato Masahiro , Shibata Masanori , Asai Kazuaki , Harada Kumi , Ito Isao , Tawada Hisae , Nagai Kojiro , Taniguchi Shinkichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Intradialytic exercises are recommended to be available as a treatment for enhancing physical functioning. However, there have been few reports which evaluated the results of long-term mild intradialytic exercises in elderly patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in body weight, body composition, and laboratory data in elderly hemodialysis patients after 1-year intradialytic leg exercises with resistance bands.

Methods
A retrospective study. Twenty-one outpatients, aged 65 or older (mean ± SD, 75.2 ± 5.1 years), received intradialytic leg exercises with resistance bands for a year were analyzed. The values of dry weight, body composition, and laboratory data were collected from the year-ago period, at baseline and 1 year after baseline. Fat and muscle mass were evaluated by using a multi-frequency bioimpedance device.

Results
Physical performance changed and body weight increased after 1-year resistance band exercises. However, the participants gained fat mass, not muscle mass. Although the changes in biochemical data related to protein intake were equivocal, triglyceride levels increased significantly after 1-year exercises. An elevation in serum creatinine levels was observed, even if solute clearance increased significantly.

Conclusions
One-year intradialytic leg exercises with resistance bands may have a potential clinical benefit for body mass index even in elderly hemodialysis patients. However, optimal dietary modification is needed to achieve a balanced increase of muscle and fat mass. An increase of serum creatinine levels does not always mean muscle mass hypertrophy.
Log-validated waveform inversion of reflection seismic data with wavelet phase and amplitude updating
Authors: Romahn Sergio , Innanen Kristopher A. , Margrave Gary F. 
Published: May 2021

We have formulated an inversion approach for near-offset seismic reflection data based on full-waveform inversion (FWI) workflows, in which an element of standard seismic processing takes the place of each of the fundamental components of FWI. A motivation for using reflections in FWI is trying to update the model in deep zones in which the diving waves could not penetrate due to the large-offset limitation. The workflow is an iterative cycle of simulation, depth migration, and impedance inversion, and it is an outgrowth of an approach referred to as iterative modeling, migration, and inversion. Two-way wave operators (similar to those used in reverse time migration), which are part of the gradient calculation, are replaced with one-way wave operators; pseudo-Hessian preconditioning of the gradient is replaced with a deconvolution imaging condition; and well-log information to calibrate the update direction (i.e., model validation) replaces the standard line search (i.e., data validation). For land data applications, variations in the source wavelet are anticipated to be a large issue. To address this, we update the amplitude and phase of the simulated source wavelet during the inversion. The alternative workflow is referred to as log-validated waveform inversion (LVWI). The stabilization of LVWI is analyzed in a synthetic environment in which we examine the sensitivity to geologic complexity, well location, and log interval, each of which can impact the usefulness of local well-log information. Data from the Hussar experiment, a 2D land survey carried out in 2011 specifically to test waveform inversion procedures, are used to validate the approach. The Hussar data set is the framework for several experiments designed to analyze the effect of the wavelet update and the well-log calibration procedures. The results suggest that the implementation of wavelet updates and well calibration may provide an opportunity to mitigate cycle skipping and overcome potential local minima.
Seismic characterization of fractured reservoirs with elastic impedance difference versus angle and azimuth: A low-frequency poroelasticity perspective
Authors: Pan Xinpeng , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Guangzhi , Guo Zhenwei , Liu Jianxin 
Published: May 2021

PP-wave azimuthal elastic impedance (EI) data inverted from azimuthal prestack seismic reflection data can be theoretically and practically used for fluid- and fracture-property discrimination in naturally porous and fluid-saturated fractured reservoirs within the exploration seismic frequency band. From the perspective of the low-frequency Biot-Gassmann theory, Russell’s fluid indicator can be stably applied to fluid identification in hard-rock fractured reservoirs. Based on the low-frequency anisotropic poroelasticity theory, we first derive an azimuthal PP-wave reflection coefficient and an azimuthal EI equation in terms of Russell’s fluid indicator (a combination of acoustic impedances and dry-rock velocity ratio without the effect of squirt flow in the seismic frequency range) and two fracture indicators (i.e., normal and tangential fracture weaknesses). Using azimuthal differences in EI data, we then develop a three-step inversion method of EI difference versus angle and azimuth. It can be used accurately to estimate the fluid and fracture indicators and characterize the sensitive properties of saturated fractured porous reservoirs. Noisy synthetic data are used to verify the stability and robustness of the proposed hierarchical impedance inversion approach. A real data set acquired over a gas-bearing fractured reservoir is also used to obtain the sensitive indicators of the fluid and fracture properties, which agree well with the well-log data. Thus, our hierarchical inversion approach provides a more straightforward and efficient manner to characterize the porous and fluid-saturated fractured reservoirs.
‘Choose Psychiatry’ goes virtual: experiences and learning from the online 2020 National Psychiatry Summer School
Authors: Vinchenzo Patricia , Nabavi Nikki , Tracy Derek K. 
Published: May 2021

Aims and methodCOVID-19 has forced many educational events to go ‘virtual’. We report on the first online student-run National Psychiatry Summer School (NPSS). Evaluation of the online format and content was undertaken through survey feedback from almost 400 attendees.ResultsThe NPSS positively affected attendees’ perceptions of psychiatry as a career choice. The virtual format was positively received, with benefits including breaking down traditional barriers of geography and cost.Clinical implicationsPost-COVID-19, a hybrid future of mixed virtual and face-to-face events is likely. Our work shows the viability of this and unique gains it might offer, and offers experiential learning on challenges encountered for others who wish to trial further virtual conferences.
Opinie przedstawicieli łódzkiej branży turystycznej na temat głównych turystycznych aktów prawnych
Authors: Paprzycka Joanna 
Published: May 2021

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie analizy opinii pracowników łódzkiej branży turystycznej na temat głównych turystycznych aktów prawnych, ze szczególnym odniesieniem do zmian dokonanych w ostatnich kilku latach w prawie branżowym. Metody badawcze zastosowane w opracowaniu to wywiad standaryzowany pogłębiony oraz obserwacja uczestnicząca. W badaniu zwrócono uwagę m.in. na ocenę dokonanych zmian oraz potrzebę dalszych uregulowań prawnych, nieprecyzyjność terminologiczną najważniejszych aktów prawnych, wciąż nierozwiązany w branży turystycznej problem „szarej strefy” czy ocenę respondentów funkcjonowania Turystycznego Funduszu Gwarancyjnego. W wyniku przedstawionej analizy autorka dostrzega duże rozbieżności w postrzeganiu głównych turystycznych aktów prawnych, modyfikowanych w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat.
Koncepcja idei Slow Movement na przykładzie organizacji targów konsumenckich
Authors: Skoczeń Klaudia 
Published: May 2021

Obecnie targi są jedną z popularniejszych form promocji oraz dotarcia do klienta. Jednak, tak jak i w przypadku innych dziedzin życia, nie omijają ich wpływy nowych ruchów czy trendy. Jednym z takich aspektów jest idea Slow Movement, której główną myślą przewodnią jest zmniejszenie tempa życia i skupienie się nie na ilości, a jakości – jej wpływy można odnaleźć m.in. na krakowskich targach. Celem pracy była analiza rozwoju poszczególnych aspektów idei Slow Movement oraz wpływu, jaki wywierają one na obecne wydarzenia. Metodą, którą wykorzystano w badaniach, były wywiady. Badania dotyczyły okresu pandemii, która także wpłynęła na organizację targów. Ich wyniki potwierdziły znaczenie idei Slow Movement w branży spotkań dla organizatorów i uczestników.
Zmiany zachowań wolnoczasowych dotyczących rekreacji fizycznej osób młodych w obliczu pandemii ­­COVID-19
Authors: Szał Łukasz , Terlecka Weronika 
Published: May 2021

Publikacja dotyka problemu rekreacji fizycznej ludzi młodych w okresie pandemii ­­COVID-19 i zmian, jakie w tym obszarze zaszły w jej trakcie. Opracowanie stanowi wycinek badań przeprowadzonych w grudniu 2020 r. w ramach projektu pt. „Zmiany w budżecie czasu wolnego i zachowaniach wolnoczasowych mieszkańców dużych miast w wyniku pandemii ­COVID-19”. W rozdziale, w oparciu o wypełniony przez respondentów kwestionariusz budżetu czasu wolnego, opracowano wyniki odnoszące się do tygodniowej ilości godzin poświęcanych aktywności fizycznej. Na podstawie wybranych pytań z wywiadów przeprowadzanych z tymi samymi respondentami przedstawiono ich odpowiedzi dotyczące zmian w podejmowaniu rekreacji ruchowej w trakcie pandemii.
Konsekwencje społeczne i ekonomiczne wydarzeń hybrydowych na przykładzie piątej edycji kongresu Open Eyes Economy Summit
Authors: Franczyk Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

Z uwagi na bardzo szybki rozwój branży spotkań oraz pandemię ­COVID-19 profesjonaliści zajmujący się organizacją spotkań starają się wdrażać technologię, aby wydarzenia mogły dalej się odbywać w celu wzbogacenia doświadczeń uczestników. Odpowiedzią na powyższe są wydarzenia hybrydowe, które łączą w sobie tradycyjne elementy spotkań z innowacyjnymi technologiami. Celem pracy jest zbadanie konsekwencji ekonomicznych i społecznych wspomnianych wydarzeń z perspektywy organizatora. Metodą badawczą zastosowaną w opracowaniu jest studium przypadku: analiza kongresu Open Eyes Economy Summit oraz wywiad z jego organizatorami. Z badań wynika, że ten sposób organizacji przynosi wiele wymiernych korzyści, przyczynia się do powstawania nowego trendu oraz upatruje się w nim przyszłość branży spotkań.
A predictive model for daily cumulative COVID-19 cases in Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Abdul-Karim , A. Amikiya Emmanuel , Otoo Dominic 
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected the daily life, governments and economies of many countries all over the globe. Ghana is currently experiencing a surge in the number of cases with a corresponding increase in the cumulative confirmed cases and deaths. The surge in cases and deaths clearly shows that the preventive and management measures are ineffective and that policy makers lack a complete understanding of the dynamics of the disease. Most of the deaths in Ghana are due to lack of adequate health equipment and facilities for managing the disease. Knowledge of the number of cases in advance would aid policy makers in allocating sufficient resources for the effective management of the cases. Methods: A predictive tool is necessary for the effective management and prevention of cases. This study presents a predictive tool that has the ability to accurately forecast the number of cumulative cases. The study applied polynomial and spline models on the COVID-19 data for Ghana, to develop a generalized additive model (GAM) that accurately captures the growth pattern of the cumulative cases. Results: The spline model and the GAM provide accurate forecast values. Conclusion: Cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Ghana are expected to continue to increase if appropriate preventive measures are not enforced. Vaccination against the virus is ongoing in Ghana, thus, future research would consider evaluating the impact of the vaccine.
Placements and portfolios: enhancing performance through experience and reflection
Authors: Best Catherine , Tymon Lucy 
Published: May 2021

The theory–practice gap continues to be a problem in healthcare. Catherine Best and Lucy Tymon explore how practice placements and portfolios can help with thisThe theory–practice gap remains prevalent in the healthcare profession; ultimately having the potential to impact negatively on patient care. The use of practice placements and portfolios can help to reduce this gap by supporting students to become self-regulating, self-directed learners able to take responsibility for achieving their defined learning outcomes, while reflecting critically on their experience and professional practice. A fundamental requirement, however, is the undivided commitment of the current nursing workforce to scaffold learning opportunities in high quality practice placements and to catalyse excellent support networks that promote effective collaboration. Such networks enable students to build confidence in their abilities to overcome the challenges they will undoubtedly face, during the often-difficult transition from student to registered nurse.
Mid- to long-term follow-up of combined small implants
Authors: Rossi Stefano M. P. , Perticarini Loris , Clocchiatti Susanna , Ghiara Matteo , Benazzo Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AimsIn the last decade, interest in partial knee arthroplasties and bicruciate retaining total knee arthroplasties has increased. In addition, patient-related outcomes and functional results such as range of movement and ambulation may be more promising with less invasive procedures such as bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after a third-generation patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) combined with a medial or lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) at mid- to long-term follow-up.MethodsA total of 57 procedures were performed. In 45 cases, a PFA was associated with a medial UKA and, in 12, with a lateral UKA. Patients were followed with validated patient-reported outcome measures (Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS)), the Knee Society Score (KSS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and radiological analysis.ResultsThe mean follow-up was nine years (6 to 13). All scores significantly improved from preoperatively to final follow-up (mean and SD): OKS from 23.2 (8.1) to 42.5 (3.5), EQ-5D from 0.44 (0.25) to 0.815 (0.1), EQ-VAS from 46.7 (24.9) to 89.1 (9.8), KSS (Knee) from 51.4 (8.5) to 94.4 (4.2), and KSS (Function) from 48.7 (5.5) to 88.8 (5.2). The mean FJS at final follow-up was 79.2 (4.2). All failures involved the medial UKA + PFA group. Overall, survival rate was 91.5% for all the combined implants at ten years with 95% confidence intervals and 22 knees at risk.ConclusionExcellent clinical and radiological outcomes were achieved after a third-generation PFA combined with a medial or lateral UKA. BCA with unlinked partial knee prostheses showed a good survival rate at mid- to long-term follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):840–845.
Evaluating lower limb kinematics and pathology with dynamic CT
Authors: Buzzatti Luca , Keelson Benyameen , Vanlauwe Johan , Buls Nico , De Mey Johan , Vandemeulebroucke Jef , Cattrysse Erik , Scheerlinck Thierry 
Published: May 2021

Evaluating musculoskeletal conditions of the lower limb and understanding the pathophysiology of complex bone kinematics is challenging. Static images do not take into account the dynamic component of relative bone motion and muscle activation. Fluoroscopy and dynamic MRI have important limitations. Dynamic CT (4D-CT) is an emerging alternative that combines high spatial and temporal resolution, with an increased availability in clinical practice. 4D-CT allows simultaneous visualization of bone morphology and joint kinematics. This unique combination makes it an ideal tool to evaluate functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In the lower limb, 4D-CT has been used to diagnose femoroacetabular impingement, patellofemoral, ankle and subtalar joint instability, or reduced range of motion. 4D-CT has also been used to demonstrate the effect of surgery, mainly on patellar instability. 4D-CT will need further research and validation before it can be widely used in clinical practice. We believe, however, it is here to stay, and will become a reference in the diagnosis of lower limb conditions and the evaluation of treatment options. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):822–827.