bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pancreas and the placenta: understanding gestational diabetes and why some islets fail to cope with pregnancy
Authors: Smith Lorna I.F. , Bowe James E. 
Published: March 2021

During healthy pregnancy there is a progressive decrease in sensitivity of the mother’s cells to insulin signalling, known as insulin resistance, in order to divert glucose towards the growing fetus. To compensate for this, the pancreatic β-cells must adapt through various mechanisms to increase the amount of insulin produced. A failure of the β-cells to sufficiently adapt can lead to gestational diabetes and clinical consequences for both mother and baby.
The necessary β-cell adaptations are coordinated in large part by the placenta, which acts as an endocrine organ producing and releasing hormones into the maternal blood circulation. Hormones such as prolactin, placental lactogen, and kisspeptin have been identified to play important roles in initiating and maintaining the changes in the β-cells necessary for a healthy pregnancy. Further work towards understanding how the β-cells adapt to pregnancy in humans, the signals underlying these changes, and why these adaptations fail in gestational diabetes is essential in allowing us to address this increasingly prevalent form of diabetes.
Research on the business model innovation applicable to intelligent bucket in medical and chemical industry
Authors: Feng Liu , Feifei Chen , Yichen Jiang , Yichen Chang , Mei Lan , Jia’ni Chen , Zhiqi Jin , Ningbo Wang , Jie Yang 
Published: March 2021

As an important category of urban waste, medical waste has the characteristics of polluting the environment, spreading diseases, and threatening health. It is directly related to the health of the people. The treatment of medical waste is an important part of epidemic prevention and control, and it is also a line of public health defense. This article proposes a business model that combines “C2M + multi-channel marketing” and “Internet of Things + medical” trash cans. Through market analysis, it analyzes the market situation of medical waste pretreatment link in China-medical trash can. Through the 4P marketing theory, a medical trash can be based on the Internet, which is designed mainly from the product perspective and the C2M production model is adopted; from the channel perspective, the product is first tested and sold through multiple channels.
This article aims to implement the “Medical Waste Management Regulations” for the medical trash can industry and open the market to provide new ideas for reform and innovation.
What Lies in between Telomere and Organismal Ageing: Comparison between Replicative Senescence and Stress-Induced Premature Senescence
Authors: Jia Hanyi 
Published: March 2021

A mitotic cell that rests in permanent cell cycle arrest without the ability to divide is considered as a senescent cell. Cellular senescence is essential to limit the function of cells with heavy DNA damages. The lack of senescence is in favour of tumorigenesis, whereas the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is likely to induce ageing and age-related pathologies on the organismal level. Understanding of cellular senescence is thus critical to both cancer and ageing studies.
Senescence, essentially permanent cell cycle arrest, is one of the results of DNA damage response, such as the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related signaling pathways. In other cases, mild DNA damages can usually be repaired after DNA damage response, while the cells with heavy damages on DNA end in apoptosis. The damage to the special structure of telomere, however, prone to result in permanent cell cycle arrest after activation of DNA damage response. In fact, a few previous pieces of research on ageing have largely focused on telomere and considered it a primary contributor to different types of senescence. For instance, its reduction in length after each replication turns on a timer for replicative senescence, and its tandem repeats specific to binding proteins makes it susceptible to DNA damage from oxidative stress, and thus stress-induced premature senescence. In most of the senescent cells, the accumulation of biomarkers is found around the telomere which has either its tail structure disassembled or damage foci exposed on the tandem repeats.
In this review, among several types of senescence, I will investigate two of the most common and widely discussed types in eukaryotic cells -replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence - in terms of their mechanism, relationship with telomere, and implication to organismal ageing.
Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation by pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP and SPECT imaging of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-bearing nude mice using 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP
Authors: Chen Yue Hua , Yu Ming Ming , Wang Zhen Guang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim To observe the effect of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells and the small-animal single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of breast cancer–bearing mice carrying MDA-MB-231 cells.
Methods Peptide pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The binding of fluorescently labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP to MDA-MB-231 cells under various pH conditions and its effect on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation were analyzed. pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was labeled with 125I, and the biological distribution of 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP in the breast cancer mouse model carrying MDA-MB-231 cells as well as the outcome of small-animal SPECT imaging were evaluated.
Results pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP was successfully synthesized. Under pH 6.0, fluorescently labeled pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP had a higher binding ability to MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The labeling efficiency of pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP with 125I was 33.1 ± 2.7 %, and the radiochemical purity was 98.5 ± 1.8 %. 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP showed a high concentration in tumors. Small-animal SPECT imaging showed clearly visible tumors at 4 h after injection.
Conclusions In the acidic environment, pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP can efficiently target MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibit their growth. Small-animal SPECT of 125I-pHLIP(Var7)-P1AP can clearly image tumors.
Famotidine Repurposing for Novel Corona Virus Disease of 2019: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Chenchula Santenna , Ray Avik , Sadasivam Balakrishnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared as a global
pandemic by the WHO. Famotidine is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
which blocks the H2 receptors in the parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid
secretion. Our review aims to study all the available scientific evidence on
famotidine research outcomes systematically to introspect its clinical
efficacy and probable mechanisms and clinical efficacy against
SARS-CoV-2.
Methodology An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar
was performed using MeSH terms “SARS CoV-2” OR
“COVID-19” AND“FAMOTIDINE”. Relevant
informationwas extracted from studies reporting the efficacy of famotidine
in COVID-19.
Results We found a total of 32 studies, out of which only 14 were
relevant and were included in our review.Molecular computational studies
showed that famotidine selectively acts on viral replication proteases
papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro).
Additionally, it acts via inverse-agonism on the H2 receptors present in
neutrophils and eosinophils which leads to inhibition of cytokine release.
Clinical study findings have pointed toward significant improvements in
COVID-19 patient-reported symptoms in non-hospitalized patients and
reduction in intubation or death in critically ill patients associated with
the usage of famotidine. However,in one of the studies,famotidine has failed
to show any significant benefit in reducing mortality due to COVID-19.
Conclusion Famotidine has the potential to answer the ongoing global
challenge owing to its selective action on viral replication. Additionally,
clinical findings in COVID-19 patients support its efficacy to reduce
clinical symptoms of COVID-19.We suggest that further optimally powered
randomized clinical trials should be carried out to come up with definitive
conclusions.
Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury: 10-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Topcu Ahmet Can , Ozeren-Topcu Kamile , Bolukcu Ahmet , Sahin Sinan , Seyhan Avni U. , Kayacioglu Ilyas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective In blunt trauma patients, injury of the thoracic aorta is the second most common cause of death after head injury. In recent years, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has largely replaced open repair as the primary treatment modality, and delayed repair of stable aortic injuries has been shown to improve mortality. In light of these major advancements, we present a 10-year institutional experience from a tertiary cardiovascular surgery center.
Methods Records of patients who underwent endovascular or open repair of the ascending, arch or descending thoracic aorta between January 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients without blunt traumatic etiology were excluded. Perioperative data were retrospectively collected from patient charts. Long-term follow-up was performed via data from follow-up visits and phone calls.
Results A total of 1,667 patients underwent 1,740 thoracic aortic procedures (172 TEVAR and 1,568 open repair). There were 13 patients (12 males) with a diagnosis of blunt thoracic aortic injury. Mean patient age was 43.6 years (range, 16–80 years). Ten (77%) patients underwent TEVAR, two (15.4%) underwent open repair, and one (7.7%) was treated nonoperatively. Procedure-related stroke was observed in one (7.7%) case. Procedure-related paraplegia did not occur in any patients. Left subclavian artery origin was covered in seven patients. None developed arm ischemia. Hospital survivors were followed-up for an average of 60.2 months (range, 4–115 months) without any late mortality, endoleak, stent migration, arm ischemia, or reintervention.
Conclusion Blunt thoracic aortic injury is a rare but highly fatal condition. TEVAR offers good early and midterm results. Left subclavian artery coverage can be performed without major complications.
Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers Do Not Reduce the Risk and Intensity of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Treatment when Compared with Epoxy Resin-Based Sealers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sponchiado Junior Emílio Carlos , Vieira Walbert de Andrade , Normando Ana Gabriela Costa , Pereira Juliana Vianna , Ferraz Caio Cezar Randi , Almeida José Flávio A. , Marciano Marina Angélica , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. , de-Jesus-Soares Adriana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review aims to evaluate whether root canal obturation with calcium silicate-based (CSB) sealers reduces the risk and intensity of endodontic postoperative pain when compared to epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealers. The review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020169255). Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and LILACS until November 2020 and included only randomized clinical trials with adult health participants undergoing root canal treatment. After selection, the JBI Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to summarize the results of pain risk and pain intensity at time intervals of 24 and 48 hours. Finally, the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The search resulted in 1,206 records, of which five studies (n = 421 patients) met the eligibility criteria and presented moderate to low risk of bias. There was no significant difference between groups in the risk of pain in the first 24 hours (relative risk or RR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval or CI: 0.60, 1.16, I 2 =) or 48 hours (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.26, 1.21, I 2 =). Silicate-based sealers led to lower pain intensity only at 48 hours (mean and standard deviation = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.05). All analyses revealed low heterogeneity (I 2 < 25%). The evidence presented moderate level of certainty. Currently available evidence has shown that there is no difference between CSB and ERB sealers in the risk or intensity of postoperative pain.
Anemia after Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Jutras Camille , La Kim Anh , Gerardis George , Richard Rachel , Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève Du 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe postoperative course of infants following congenital heart surgery is associated with significant blood loss and anemia. Optimal transfusion thresholds for cardiac surgery patients while in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) remain a subject of debate. The goal of this study is to describe the epidemiology of anemia and the transfusion practices during the PICU stay of infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. A retrospective cohort study was performed in a PICU of a tertiary university-affiliated center. Infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CDH) before 6 weeks of age between February 2013 and June 2019 and who were subsequently admitted to the PICU were included. We identified 119 eligible patients. Mean age at surgery was 11 ± 7 days. Most common cardiac diagnoses were d-Transposition of the Great Arteries (55%), coarctation of the aorta (12.6%), and tetralogy of Fallot (11.8%). Mean hemoglobin level was 14.3 g/dL prior to surgery versus 12.1 g/dL at the PICU admission. Hemoglobin prior to surgery was systematically higher than hemoglobin at the PICU entry, except in infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. The average hemoglobin at PICU discharge was 11.7 ± 1.9 g/dL. Thirty-three (27.7%) patients were anemic at PICU discharge. Fifty-eight percent of patients received at least one red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during PICU stay. This study is the first to describe the epidemiology of anemia at PICU discharge in infants following cardiac surgery. Blood management of this distinctive and vulnerable population requires further investigation as anemia is a known risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment delays in otherwise healthy young children.
Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Thrombin Generation and Platelet Function
Authors: Mourikis Philipp , Dannenberg Lisa , Veulemans Verena , Zako Saif , Helten Carolin , M‘Pembele René , Richter Hannah , Hohlfeld Thomas , Jung Christian , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte , Polzin Amin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an evolving treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis. However, thromboembolic events such as stroke are common, predominantly early after TAVI. Optimal periprocedural antithrombotic regime is unknown. Especially, as antithrombotic medication enhances bleeding risk, thrombin generation and platelet function are crucial in the pathogenesis of ischemic events. However, the impact of the TAVI procedure on thrombin formation and platelet reactivity is not known by now.
Methods We evaluated thrombin levels using thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes and prothrombin fragments (PTFs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, platelet reactivity was measured via light transmission aggregometry before and 2 hours after TAVI in 198 patients.
Results TAT complexes and PTF F1 + 2 substantially increased during TAVI. Postprocedurally, TAT complexes and PTF were significantly higher after TAVI compared with percutaneous coronary intervention due to acute myocardial infarction, while preprocedural TAT complexes and PTF F1 + 2 did not differ. In contrast, platelet reactivity was not altered early after TAVI. Only adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation was reduced, reflecting preprocedural loading with clopidogrel.
Conclusion In this pilot study, we were able to demonstrate that thrombin generation is significantly increased early after TAVI, while platelet function is not affected. Increased thrombin concentrations may contribute to the high risk of postprocedural thromboembolic events. This leads to the hypothesis that extended peri-interventional anticoagulation early after TAVI may be an approach to reduce thromboembolic events.
Norovirus Causes Pediatric Encephalopathy and Status Epilepticus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tantillo Gabriela , Kagita Navyamani , LaVega-Talbott Maite , Singh Anuradha , Kaufman David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNorovirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. The disease can present with varying degrees of neurologic impairment from benign convulsions to rare cases of severe encephalopathy. In this article, we described a case report of a North American infant who presented with norovirus gastroenteritis, status epilepticus, severe encephalopathy, and abnormal but reversible diffusion restriction changes on magnetic resonance imaging of brain.
Does Having Rotavirus Infection in Early Childhood Increase the Risk of Celiac Disease?
Authors: Keceli Basaran Meryem , Dogan Caner , Bal Mahmut , Geylani Gulec Seda , Urganci Nafiye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective With the increasing prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in the population, possible risk factors are under investigation. Environmental and genetic factors that trigger the immune response have been analyzed for many years. This study investigated the presence of CD in children with rotavirus infection. Rotavirus infection is thought to be a risk factor for CD.
Methods Included in the study were 105 of 160 pediatric patients hospitalized due to symptomatic rotavirus infection between 2012 and 2018. These children were screened for CD 45.6 ± 18.2 (14–90) months following the rotavirus infection diagnosed with CD as per ESPGHAN guidelines.
Results A total of 105 pediatric patients who had rotavirus gastroenteritis were included in the study. The age of the children with rotavirus infection was 3.98 ± 1 (2–6) months. In terms of CD, it was 45.6 ± 18.2 months. Around 14 to 90 months later, patients were called for control. CD developed in four (3.8%) of the children with rotavirus, whereas none of the children in the control group developed CD.
Conclusion Rotavirus infection may be a risk factor for CD through immune mechanisms. There are genetic and various environmental factors for the development of CD. Although the CD's occurrence on children who had rotavirus gastroenteritis in our study also supported this situation, there was no statistically significant difference.
Wrist Arthrolysis: A Systematic Review of Open and Arthroscopic Techniques
Authors: Guidi Marco , Luchetti Riccardo , Besmens Inga , Rothenfluh Esin , Calcagni Maurizio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Wrist arthrolysis is a viable option in wrist stiffness and can be performed via open or arthroscopic techniques.
Purpose The aim of the study is to describe and evaluate the available techniques of open and arthroscopic arthrolysis of the radiocarpal joint and the distal radio ulnar joint (DRUJ) in posttraumatic wrist stiffness.
Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to identify studies reporting on open and arthroscopic wrist arthrolysis. Key words included “open wrist arthrolysis,” “arthroscopic wrist arthrolysis,” “post-traumatic wrist stiffness,” and “DRUJ arthrolysis.” Data were extracted independently by a pair of reviewers.
Results Overall, 637 studies were identified; 13 additional articles were found through previous publications (total 650 articles). A total of 612 records resulted after duplicates was removed. Fourteen studies were selected and only eight respected the inclusions criteria. One study focused on volar open arthrolysis and four studies on arthroscopic arthrolysis of the radiocarpal joint; two studies reported on open arthrolysis and two studies on arthroscopic DRUJ arthrolysis. Range of motion following open and arthroscopic wrist arthrolysis improved in all studies.
Conclusion Both arthroscopic and open arthrolysis can lead to similar and satisfactory results in radiocarpal joint and DRUJ stiffness..
Level of Evidence This is a level 3a study.
Evaluating Immediate and Short-Term Postoperative Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Ulnar Shortening for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome Using PROMIS
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Lander Richard D. , Hammert Warren C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The early recovery trajectory of patients undergoing ulnar shortening for ulnar impaction syndrome using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is unknown.
Questions/Purposes Using PROMIS Upper Extremity (UE), Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI), and Depression, we asked (1) do patients undergoing operative management for ulnar impaction syndrome present at their preoperative visit with notable impairment?; (2) At immediate follow-up, do patients present with a clinically appreciable change in symptom severity?; and (3) At short-term follow-up, do patients present with a clinically appreciable change in symptom severity?
Materials and Methods We identified patients from 01/2017 to 12/2019 at our institution undergoing ulnar shortening for ulnar impaction syndrome who completed all PROMIS domains at a preoperative visit and at least one postoperative time point (i.e., less than 4 weeks and/or greater than 12 weeks). Distribution- and anchor-based minimal clinically important difference estimates were used to evaluate clinically appreciable changes in symptoms over time.
Results A total of 38 patients met our inclusion criteria. The average change in PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression scores from preoperative to immediate postoperative follow-up were –3.8, –4.3, 3.2, and 0.5, respectively. However, by short-term follow-up, the average change in PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression scores were 3.7, 3.2, –4.7, and –3.9, respectively.
Conclusions Patients have worsening function at the immediate postoperative follow-up. By short-term postoperative follow-up, functional status and PI levels improve. Our findings can help hand surgeons provide evidence-based guidance on expected initial recovery following operative management for ulnar impaction syndrome.
Level of Evidence This is a level II, prognostic study.