bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raised carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels detect recurrences and impacts overall and disease-free survival in radically resected gallbladder cancer: A simple surveillance marker?
Authors: Agrawal Sushma , Saxena Rajan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
There are no established markers which can be used for surveillance after curative resection in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Though carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) has low specificity as a diagnostic marker, its role as a surveillance marker has not been explored. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of CA 19-9 as a surveillance marker to detect recurrences on follow-up.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of radically resected GBC who were either on observation or completed adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiation) were followed up 3 monthly with CA 19-9 and ultrasound (US) abdomen for the first 2 years and 6 monthly CA 19-9 and US for further 3 years. Patients with raised CA 19-9 and a recurrent lesion on US abdomen were confirmed with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of recurrent lesion to establish the diagnosis of recurrence. The performance of CA 19-9 levels (20 and more units/mL) for prediction of recurrence and its impact on survival was estimated.

Results:
Out of sixty patients on follow-up, 40% recurred: loco-regional (16.7%) and distant metastases (23.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CA 19-9 in detecting recurrence were 79.1%, 97.2%, 95%, and 87.5%, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 56 months versus 15 months (P = 0.008, hazard ratio [HR]: 7.4 [1.3–40]) and the median overall survival was not reached versus 20 months (P = 0.000, HR: 10.7 [confidence interval 4.2–27.3]) for CA 19-9 levels less than and more than 20 ng/mL.

Conclusions:
Based on the high positive and negative predictive value in our dataset, CA 19-9 can be used as a surveillance biomarker for follow-up of radically resected GBC. Raised levels of >20 ng/mL should be correlated with imaging findings and any suspicious lesion should be confirmed for recurrence by FNAC and CECT abdomen. Levels >20 ng/mL should be taken as a threshold for suspecting recurrence.
Canagliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, relieves ER stress, modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells
Authors: Abdel-Rafei Mohamed Khairy , Thabet Noura Magdy , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Moustafa Enas Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives:
Metabolic shifting from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis characterizes malignant cells from its normal counterparts and is attributed to overactivation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Hence, this study intended to investigate the influence of canagliflozin (CAN) and/or γ-irradiation (γ-IR) on HepG2 cell proliferation, crosstalk between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3-β (GSK3-β)/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and their regulation of diverse processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Materials and Methods:
HepG2 cells were treated with different doses of CAN and then exposed to different doses of γ-IR to achieve optimization that was based on cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays, respectively. The effects of CAN and/or γ-IR on glycolytic metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, oxidative stress, ER stress and autophagy biomarkers, expression of PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β/mTOR and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways, and apoptotic markers were monitored.

Results:
CAN enhanced the antitumor potential of γ-IR as displayed by a significant inhibition of clonogenic survival in HepG2 cells via inhibition of glucose uptake, lactate release, and modulation of ER stress-mediated autophagy; switched it to apoptosis; as well as disabled signaling pathways which contribute to metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression induced by γ-IR that confer radioresistance and treatment failure.

Conclusion:
Our study sheds light on the effective combination of CAN and γ-IR in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and necessitates CAN treatment prior to γ-IR to overcome metabolic reprogramming-associated radioresistance and improve curative outcomes.
Sprache, Text und Textsorten: zur Problematik von Texttypologie
Authors: Wierschin Martin 
Published: July 2021

Textlinguistik und Texttheorie tun sich offenbar schwer damit, Grundsätzliches eindeutig zu definieren und auf diese Weise festzulegen. Was ich damit meine, ist die Tatsache, daß wir zwischen einer geradezu beliebigen Anzahl von Definitionen wählen können, wenn es um den zentralen Begriff 'Text' geht, abhängig nur von den isoliert bzw. kombinatorisch angewandten spezifischen textinternen oder textexternen Parametern, obwohl eine definitive 'Text'-Definition Basis aller Reflektionen über linguistische Textsorten und Texttypologien sein sollte. Sicher beruht die Schwierigkeit einer 'Text' -Definition unmittelbar auf der Schwierigkeit, das Phänomen 'Sprache' - per se als differentia specifica des Menschen und als einzelsprachliche Konkretisierung dieser differentia specifica- auf einen definitorischen Nenner zu bringen, weil die Komplexität dieses Phänomens 'Sprache' und die sinnlich-irrationalen Valenzen dieses geistigseelischen Intentionalitäts-Vehikels unseres Bewußtseins (im Sinne Edmund Husserls) unsere theoretisch-rationalen Festlegungsbemühungen immer wieder vereiteln, woraus Ludwig Wittgenstein die logische Konsequenz zog, neben die historisch gewachsene und 'verwachsene' 'Umgangssprache' eine schlicht-exakte philosophische 'Idealsprache' setzen zu wollen.
Saggi dialettologici in area italo-romanza, Nuova raccolta, a cura di Giovan Battista Pellegrini; Centro Studio per la Dialettologia Italiana «0. Parlangèli»; Consiglio Na­ zionale delle Ricerche, [Padova 1995], 259 pagine
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao 
Published: July 2021

La già ricca dialettologia italiana, che vanta tante ricerche, studi, riviste, atlanti e altri sussidi ancora, si è arricchita recentemente del volume miscellaneo qui recensito. Con le parole del curatore (p. V), questa Nuova raccolta è la continuazione del primo volume, edito nel 1993 [Raccolta di saggi lessicali in area veneta e alpina, Belluno]: infatti, alcuni autori dichiarano che i loro contributi si riconnettono a quelli di due anni fa. Alla Presentazione (pp. V-VI, non 1 come stampato nel sommario, p. VII) seguono dieci contributi di varia lunghezza. In cake si trova la cartina Toponomastica alto-ate­ sina (p. 258), l'elenco dei toponimi prediali in -anum in Alto Adige, da coHegarsi pro­ babilmente con ilprimo contributo (p. 259) e, fuori paginazione, la carta dell' Alto Veneta (Provincia Belluno-Cadore ). Il libro non contiene indici.
Arnulf Stefenelli, Das Schicksal des lateinischen Wortschatzes in den romanischen Sprachen, Passauer Schriften zu Sprache und Literatur, Bd.6, Passau 1992, 365 S.
Authors: Skubic Mitja 
Published: July 2021

L'Autore, professore di filologia romanza all'Universita di Passau, è un noto ricer­ catore nell'area della transizione dal latino al romanzo. Piu particolarmente si è occu­ pato degli dementi linguistici che, nei testi latini, annunciano le grandi innovazioni le quali dovevano maturare nella prima fase del romanzo. Basti pensare che il primo suo lavoro in materia risale al lontano 1962. Pensiamo alla classica trattazione della lingua di Petronio, Die Volkssprache im Werk des Petron im Hinblick auf die romanischen Sprachen. II lavoro che qui presento è dunque un opus magnum dell'autore, il risultato delle fruttuose ricerche degli ultimi trent'anni. Non possiamo sfuggire alla tentazione di menzionare che l'Autore, non molto tempo fa, ha voluto onorare anche la nostra rivista pubblicando un prezioso contributo sul passaggio dal lessico latino al lessico italiano.
Small Bowel Intussusception due to Multiple Intestinal Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Bouraoui Saadia 
Published: July 2021

Metastatic small bowel tumors are rare. They often present with small bowel occlusion, bleeding, perforation, or intestinal intussusception. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the small intestine causing intussusception is exceedingly rare. A 72-yearold male patient with a past medical history of left lung adenocarcinoma, presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. On admission, an X-ray of the abdomen without preparation showed some hydroaeric levels on the small intestine. The abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an ileo-ileal invagination, with an image of the invagination rod. The patient underwent a surgical resection of the small bowel with the removal of the ischemic areas and immediate anastomosis. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen revealed five tumor masses varying in size between 1 and 4 cm. The histological examination of the samples taken from these tumors, coupled with an immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal metastases of pulmonary origin expressing cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) but negative for CK20, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the symptoms transiently recovered. However, the patient died 3 months later. We should consider multiple metastatic lesions in adult intussusception, especially in patients with a past medical history of lung cancer.
Objective Measurement of Impact of Bench Laparoscopic Training in Novices
Authors: Thimmegowda Prashanth Annayyanapalya , Lakshman Krish , Reddy Rajashekara , Nale Sachin , Ravishanka Ravishanka 
Published: July 2021

Background: We are currently in the era of laparoscopic surgery. It has gained popularity in the last few decades because of its well- known advantages. Laparoscopy requires different skills from those of open surgery. In a paradigm shift, learning basic surgical skills is now performed more in the skills laboratory than in the operation theater. However, there is a lack of reliable training and assessment tools for laparoscopic surgical skills. This study aimed to objectively assess the effect of bench laparoscopic training in novices.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Clinical Skills Centre of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI) in Bangalore, India. Sixty interns with no previous experience in laparoscopy were included. They underwent supervised training on the box trainer for 3 days, 2 hours a day, in basic surgical tasks, including pointing dots, joining straight lines, joining curved lines, picking objects, peg transfer, and circle cut. All participants were assessed objectively in a virtual reality (VR) simulator before and after training. The objective outcomes measured were time taken, distance traveled, and error scores given by the VR simulator metrics.
Results: The novices showed statistically significant improvement in all the tasks after the training compared with their skill levels before the training.
Conclusion: Structured short-term training significantly improves basic laparoscopic surgery skills.
Effect of growth regulators on African pear (Dacryodes Edulis (G. don) H.J. Lam) flowering, fruiting and fruit set
Authors: Njoku T.C. , Okorie H.A. 
Published: July 2021

Many tropical fruit trees flower profusely. Majority produce many fruits at the onset. Most of these fruits if not all, may be aborted. African pear is a typical example. In this research, four fruit abortion-prevention treatments were evaluated namely: Distilled water, Urea, Giberellin and Coconut water. Floral and pomological parameters were compared and averaged over a period of three consecutive years. At fruit maturity, number of fruits/inflorescence/branches was counted and compared to test the effects of the various treatments on fruit retention and enhancing its pomological characteristics. The design was Randomized complete block design. Regression and correlation in Statgraphic 16.0 software package were used to compare the effects of the various treatments on flowering, fruiting and fruit retention. Application of growth regulators significantly enhanced flowering, fruiting and fruit set. The best fruit retention of 76.56 % was obtained by Coconut water which was however, not significantly (P=0.05) different from 72.75% fruit set obtained by Giberellin. Distilled water gave the lowest fruit-set of 21.41 % which was however significantly (P=0.05) different from 66.48% obtained by Urea. There was no significant difference (P=0.05) in some of the pomological attributes measured. Application of Giberellin and Coconut water significantly (P=0.05) enhanced flowering, fruiting and fruitset in African pear.
Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler starter chickens offered dietary supplement of comfrey leaves extract
Authors: Esiegwu A.C. , Obih T.K.O. 
Published: July 2021

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nutritional supplement of comfrey symphytum leaves extract on the performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of starter broilers. 200g of Comfrey symphytum leaves were squeezed in 1 litre of H2O with a juicer to produce Comfrey symphytum extract. The leaves extract was further mixed (diluted) in clean drinking water at the rate of 0ml/l of H2O, 25ml/l of H2O, 50ml/l of H20 and 75ml/l of H2O designated as T1, T3, T4 and T5. T2 was given conventional supplement (divertamin). Five groups of 30-day old chicks of Agritech breed were randomly assigned to one of the supplementary Comfrey symphytum leaves extract and the divertamin supplement for 28days. Each was subdivided into three replicates of 10 chicks each. The broiler chicks were fed normal broiler starter ration for all the groups. At the end of the 28days trial, performance indices result showed that mean final weight, mean weight changes, mean daily weight gain, mean daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected (P>0.05). However, T4 (50ml per litre of H2O) and T5 (75ml/litre of H2O) gave better performance in terms of feed conversion ratio. The cost/kg of weight gain was cheaper at T4 and T5. All the haematological (Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and white blood cell) and serum biochemical indices (total protein, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and liver enzymes) did not show any significant treatment effect (P>0.05). It was concluded that Comfrey symphytum had no deleterious effect on starter broilers and its use as a nutritional supplement could improve performance at 50 - 75ml/l of H2O and reduce cost/kg of weight gain.
Gender differential in leafy vegetable production in Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olanrewaju K.O. , Akintunde O.K. , Adeoye I.B. , Bamiwuye O.A. 
Published: July 2021

There exists gender imbalance in resource access and utilization in agricultural enterprises which predisposes women to frustration and marginalization. This study examined gender differences in leafy vegetable production in Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria.Primary data were collected from 120 male and female leafy vegetable farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire using multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that half (50.0%) of the male farmers had post-primary school education while less than one-third (31.0%) of the female farmers had post-primary school education.More than half (65.4%) and52.4% of the male and female farmers, respectively, had no contact with extension agents. More than half (66.7%) and majority (73.8%) of the male and female farmers, respectively financed their farm enterprise with their personal savings.It was found that labour utilization by male farmers differs significantly from the use of labour by female farmers (t=3.79, P≤0.001), while there was no significant difference in farm income among the male and female leafy vegetable farmers.It was concluded that leafy vegetable farmers differ in the modalities of their production on gender basis even though they acquire fairly the same income from the enterprise. This study recommends that the government should assist the farmers with credit of low interest rate and credit institution too should be encouraged to do so. Government should revitalize extension services and regular training of the farmers by the extension agents is crucial for farmers’ productivity.
Pragmatic Sedăqâ in Nehemiah: Reconciling African Perspectives of Justice and Morality
Authors: Uzuegbunam Emmanuel Nwachukwu 
Published: July 2021

It has variously been acknowledged that immigrant religions (Christianity and Islam) in Africa, rather than enhancing conscience and morality, have tended to merely exacerbate religious rituals and drive conscience and morality far away from the African society (Knitter & Muzaffar, 2002). The indigenous African society had been administered by instant justice, supervised by the potent and inherently ubiquitous, inescapable deities in the African milieu. This situation formed an incorruptible judicial system which planted a living, conscious fear of crime in the African and formed the basis for a deeply rooted morality. The immigrant religions present the idea of deferred punishment and reward (eschatology) which is completely alien to Africa, and which, in any case, dislodged the African notion of instant justice, until morality finally faded away from the African conscience and consciousness. The Book of Nehemiah presents a perspective of justice ( צ (ְד קָ הָ as response to the criminal obstruction of societal aspirations, which is in line with the African indigenous pragmatic orientation that yielded instant result and enabled the project of post-exilic reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem to be accomplished. This paper employs a phenomenological perspective in examining justice and morality in Africa in the pre- and postimmigrant religions dispensations, and attempts a reconstruction of the failing conscience and morality in the contemporary African society, using Nigeria in particular as the domain of the study.
An Examination of the Causes of Kidnapping and Its Attendant Challenges in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olulowo Segun Ayotunde , Babawale Solomon Taiwo , Babawale Solomon Taiwo , Anani Kehinde Michael 
Published: July 2021

Kidnappers have become thorns in the flesh of citizens and foreigners domicile in Ogun state. The paper examines causes of kidnapping and its consequences, investigates the roles of schools, religion and government in tackling the problem. The paper adopted a descriptive method; questionnaires were administered among Churches in Ogun State. Analysis revealed quest for ransom, revenge, rituals, Poverty, youth’s unemployment, and many more. Kidnappings have economic, political, social and psychological impacts. The paper proposed families, schools, religion and government interventions, strengthening the culture of hard work and stepping up of religious ethical teachings.
The construction of the racialized Other in the educational sphere: The stories of students with immigrant backgrounds in Montréal
Authors: Darchinian Fahimeh , Magnan Marie-Odile , De Oliveira Soares Roberta 
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of social relations from a critical race theory perspective crossed with the sociology of the life course. The objective of our study was to understand how social relations in Quebec’s educational sphere, specifically in high school, construct fixed categories of racialized students in university. With the aim of discovering the underlying process of racialization of the students of racial backgrounds in educative sphere, the study analyzes the self-reported relational experiences of 10 university students with immigrant backgrounds in Montréal. Based on a narrative inquiry, the analysis of the retrospective life story interviews allowed to explain the complexity of the process of racialization in two categories of “complete racialization” and “incomplete racialization.” In the “completed racialization” category, negotiating domination relationships results in the construction of a racialized Other. In the “incomplete racialization” category, the construction process is in progress. Our study has shown that social relations in high school contribute to the construction of fixed Black and Latinx racialized groups. Interpersonal relationships at school play a role in the racialization of students with immigrant backgrounds, and, although limited in scope, persistence in school may be a reversal strategy for their experiences of racism.
Overall survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with CALGB 8811 protocol in low income country
Authors: Gurgel Livia Andrade , Oliveira Deivide De sousa , Leitão João Paulo Vasconcelos , Barroso Karine Sampaio Nunes , Pitombeira Beatriz Stella Gomes de Souza , Duarte Isabella Araujo , Duarte João Vitor Araujo , Duarte Beatrice Araujo , Duarte Fernando Barroso 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: ALL is known to have a lower survival rate in adults and this can be attributed, among other aspects, to intolerance to intensive regimens. As the treatment of ALL is very complex, with many protocols available, this study proposes an analysis regarding the CALGB 8811 protocol in a tertiary health unit in Ceará
Methods: In this retrospective study, 50 patients with a recent diagnosis of ALL who underwent the CALGB8811 protocol were evaluated. Disease risk criteria were based on the CALGB8811 protocol.
Results: CR was obtained in 86% of patients. 12% of patients died during induction due to infectious complications. 30% of patients underwent alloSCT, 60% were on CR1.
The median overall survival (OS) was 21.5 months (8.1-38.7). The 5 years OS was 25% in the transplanted patients versus 60% in the transplanted group. Achieving complete remission after induction chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were the factors associated with better long-term survival rates in uni and multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: Risk factors classically associated with worse adult ALL outcome and post-induction MRD status were not outcome predictors, in addition, post-induction remission and alloSCT were factors associated with a favorable outcome.