bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation for Differential Diagnosis of Breast Lesions in Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Dkhar Winniecia , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Mustaffa Samir Paruthikunnan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiffusion-weighted MR Imaging is a rapidly emerging technique, that allows in-vivo mapping processes of the water diffusion in tissues. It has the potential capabilities for clinical application in breast imaging. The aim of this study was to find out the optimal b-value for calculation of ADC value for differential diagnosis of breast lesions. A total of 124 subjects (mean age 46 years) with 141 lesions were included. The protocol consists of axial T2 sequence for lesion localization and measurement and DW sequence with three sets of b-values of 0, 300, 600, and 1000 s/mm2. The mean ADC values of the breast lesions for b-values (0, 300, 600, and 1000) were 1.75 ± 0.18 × 10−3mm2/sec, 1.66 ± 0.12 × 10−3mm2/sec and 1.57 ± 0.15 × 10−3mm2/sec for the benign lesions and 1.26 ± 0.048 × 10−3mm2/sec, 1.14 ± 0.11 × 10−3mm2/sec and 0.93 ± 0.14 × 10−3mm2/sec for malignant lesions respectively. Statistical significant differences were noted on the ADC value of benign and malignant lesions among the three sets of b values (p = 0.001). ADC values of malignant lesion was significantly lower compared to benign lesions. The AUC (0.998) was substantially large for b-value of 0,600 s/mm2 with a threshold ADC cut off value of 1.28 × 10−3mm2/sec with 98.4% sensitivity, 93.2% specificity and 98.5% positive predictive value(PPV). In conclusion, diffusion weighted imaging has the ability for differential diagnosis of breast lesions with the optimal b value of 0,600 s/ mm2. DWI is a reliable tool for characterising breast lesions and may increase the overall specificity of breast MRI.
The Impact of the Combined Administration of 1MeTIQ and MK-801 on Cell Viability, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Glutamate Release in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Wąsik Agnieszka , Białoń Magdalena , Jantas Danuta , Żarnowska Marcelina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMK-801, as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor, causes elevation in glutamate release, which may lead to an increase in excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and, consequently, cell death. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) shows antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined treatment with 1MeTIQ and MK-801 on cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activity, and glutamate release in the rat hippocampus. Cytotoxicity was measured using lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay (LDH) and the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) were measured by ELISA kits. The release of glutamate in the rat hippocampus was measured using in vivo microdialysis methodology. An in vitro study showed that MK-801 induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner and that 1MeTIQ partially reduced this adverse effect of MK-801. An ex vivo study indicated that MK-801 produced an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity (GPx, GR, and SOD), whereas coadministration of MK-801 and 1MeTIQ restored the activity of these enzymes to the control level. An in vivo microdialysis study demonstrated that combined treatment with both drugs decreased the release of glutamate in the rat hippocampus. The above results revealed that 1MeTIQ shows limited neuroprotective activity under conditions of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
Clinical outcome of the patients with femoropopliteal artery disease after endovascular therapy: focused on drug-coated-balloon-related distal embolism detected by laser doppler flowmetry
Authors: Fukai Kuniyoshi , Nakagami Takuo , Hamaoka Tetsuro , Kikai Masakazu , Yamaguchi Shinichiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral trials have shown that paclitaxel drug-coated balloons (DCBs) significantly reduce restenosis rates. However, some reports have shown distal embolisms occurring after DCBs. No study has analyzed the clinical outcomes of patients with DCB-induced distal embolism. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of DCB-induced distal embolism in patients with femoropopliteal artery disease. Between February 2018 and April 2019, consecutive patients (n = 32) who presented with de novo femoropopliteal artery disease and underwent endovascular therapy using DCB were retrospectively reviewed in a single-center study. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether distal embolism was detected using laser doppler flowmetry (DEL group) or not (non-DEL group). Baseline characteristics and 1-year clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. DEL was found in 44% of limbs (DEL group: n = 15, non-DEL group: n = 19). Below-the-knee arterial runoff ≤ 1 (p = 0.033), popliteal lesion (p = 0.044), ambulation difficulty (p = 0.021), and previous history of coronary artery disease (p = 0.013) were identified as predictive factors of DEL. Procedural factors, reference vessel diameter, lesion length, and total drug amount were not predictive of DEL. The overall target lesion restenosis (TLR) rate was 17.4% (n = 5). The TLR rate was not significantly different between the DEL and non-DEL groups (13.3% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.55). Severe calcification was the only significant factor for TLR (4.2% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.02). Among patients with femoropopliteal disease, there was no difference in 1-year clinical outcome between patients who underwent DEL and those who did not.
Climate modelling and structural stability
Authors: Lam Vincent 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate modelling plays a crucial role for understanding and addressing the climate challenge, in terms of both mitigation and adaptation. It is therefore of central importance to understand to what extent climate models are adequate for relevant purposes, such as providing certain kinds of climate change projections in view of decision-making. In this perspective, the issue of the stability of climate models under small relevant perturbations in their structure (or small relevant ‘structural model errors’ with respect to the target system) seems particularly important. Within this framework, a debate has emerged in the philosophy of science literature about the relevance for climate modelling of the mathematical notion of structural stability. This paper adresses several important foundational and epistemological questions that arise in this context, in particular about the the role of abstract mathematical considerations of a qualitative nature (in some precise, topological sense) for concrete modelling projects with mainly quantitative purposes.
Airfoil buffet aerodynamics at plunge and pitch excitation based on long short-term memory neural network prediction
Authors: Zahn R. , Breitsamter C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a nonlinear system identification approach based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is applied for the prediction of transonic buffet aerodynamics. The identification approach is applied as a reduced-order modeling (ROM) technique for an efficient computation of time-varying integral quantities such as aerodynamic force and moment coefficients. Therefore, the nonlinear identification procedure as well as the generalization of the ROM are presented. The training data set for the LSTM–ROM is provided by performing forced-motion unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Subsequent to the training process, the ROM is applied for the computation of the aerodynamic integral quantities associated with transonic buffet. The performance of the trained ROM is demonstrated by computing the aerodynamic loads of the NACA0012 airfoil investigated at transonic freestream conditions. In contrast to previous studies considering only a pitching excitation, both the pitch and plunge degrees of freedom of the airfoil are individually and simultaneously excited by means of an user-defined training signal. Therefore, strong nonlinear effects are considered for the training of the ROM. By comparing the results with a full-order computational fluid dynamics solution, a good prediction capability of the presented ROM method is indicated. However, compared to the results of previous studies including only the airfoil pitching excitation, a slightly reduced prediction performance is shown.
The inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equation for weighted smooth vector-valued functions on strips with holes
Authors: Kruse Karsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the question of surjectivity of the Cauchy-Riemann operator$$\overline{\partial }$$∂¯on spaces$${\mathcal {E}}{\mathcal {V}}(\varOmega ,E)$$EV(Ω,E)of$${\mathcal {C}}^{\infty }$$C∞-smooth vector-valued functions whose growth on strips along the real axis with holesKis induced by a family of continuous weights$${\mathcal {V}}$$V. Vector-valued means that these functions have values in a locally convex Hausdorff spaceEover$${\mathbb {C}}$$C. We derive a counterpart of the Grothendieck-Köthe-Silva duality$${\mathcal {O}}({\mathbb {C}}\setminus K)/{\mathcal {O}}({\mathbb {C}})\cong {\mathscr {A}}(K)$$O(C\K)/O(C)≅A(K)with non-empty compact$$K\subset {\mathbb {R}}$$K⊂Rfor weighted holomorphic functions. We use this duality and splitting theory to prove the surjectivity of$$\overline{\partial }:{\mathcal {E}} {\mathcal {V}}(\varOmega ,E)\rightarrow {\mathcal {E}}{\mathcal {V}} (\varOmega ,E)$$∂¯:EV(Ω,E)→EV(Ω,E)for certainE. This solves the smooth (holomorphic, distributional) parameter dependence problem for the Cauchy-Riemann operator on$${\mathcal {E}}{\mathcal {V}}(\varOmega ,{\mathbb {C}})$$EV(Ω,C).
Ethnopharmacological survey and antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts used against bacterial enteritis in rabbits
Authors: Chouegouong Mireille Tuedom , Majoumouo Michele Stella , Menkem Elisabeth Zeuko’o , Yimgang Lorette Victorine , Toghueo Rufin Marie Kouipou , Etchu Kingsley Agbor , Boyom Fabrice Fekam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBacterial enteritis is one of the diseases negatively affecting the rabbit farming industry. Communities across the globe are using medicinal plants as an alternative treatment against many diseases in rabbits. This study aimed at identifying medicinal plants used by local farmers in Cameroon and evaluate their antibacterial activity alone and in combination with oxytetracycline against some bacterial causative agents of diarrhoea in rabbits. The ethnopharmacological survey was performed in Cameroon’s Western and Central regions, where breeders were interviewed about their knowledge on the medicinal plants and plant parts often used to cure rabbit diseases, the methods of preparation and the route of administration. Plants were collected, and extracts were prepared by decoction, infusion and maceration using distilled water. The antibacterial activity of extracts and combinations was evaluated against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens (WAL-14572 HM-310) using the microdilution and checkerboard methods. From the survey, fifteen medicinal plants belonging to nine families, with Asteraceae being the most represented, were identified as currently used to treat diarrhoea in rabbits. Bidens pilosa and Psidium guajava were the most mentioned medicinal plant species with 24 and 17 citations, respectively. Leaves were the most commonly used plant parts, and maceration in water was the primary preparation method of remedies administered orally. Out of the forty-five extracts prepared, only six from Tithonia diversifolia (TdlM, TdlI, TdlD) and Psidium guajava (PglM, PglI, PglD) exhibited potency with MIC values ranging from 1.25 to 5 mg/mL. The combination of infusion extract from leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (TdlI) and decoction extract from Psidium guajava (PglD) exhibited synergistic interaction (FICI = 0.312; 0.281; 0.265), while oxytetracycline in combination with decoction extract from leaves of Psidium guajava (PglD) exhibited a synergistic interaction (FICI = 0.5). The phytochemical screening of the six extracts revealed polyphenols, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, tannins and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity of extracts from medicinal plants P. guajava and T. diversifolia demonstrated in the present study supports the use of these plants by farmers of the targeted localities to treat diarrhoea in rabbits.
Front-of-pack (FOP) labelling systems to improve the quality of nutrition information to prevent obesity: NutrInform Battery vs Nutri-Score
Authors: Carruba Michele O. , Caretto Antonio , De Lorenzo Antonino , Fatati Giuseppe , Ghiselli Andrea , Lucchin Lucio , Maffeis Claudio , Malavazos Alexis , Malfi Giuseppe , Riva Enrica , Ruocco Chiara , Santini Ferruccio , Silano Marco , Valerio Alessandra , Vania Andrea , Nisoli Enzo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many systems for classifying food products to adequately predict lower all-cause morbidity and mortality have been proposed as front-of-pack (FOP) nutritional labels. Although the efforts and advances that these systems represent for public health must be appreciated, as scientists involved in nutrition research and belonging to diverse Italian nutrition scientific societies, we would like to draw stakeholders’ attention to the fact that some FOP labels risk being not correctly informative to consumers’ awareness of nutritional food quality. The European Commission has explicitly called for such a nutrition information system to be part of the European “strategy on nutrition, overweight and obesity-related issues” to “facilitate consumer understanding of the contribution or importance of the food to the energy and nutrient content of a diet”. Some European countries have adopted the popular French proposal Nutri-Score. However, many critical limits and inadequacies have been identified in this system. As an alternative, we endorse a new enriched informative label—the NutrInform Battery—promoted by the Italian Ministry of Health and deeply studied by the Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University. Therefore, the present position paper limits comparing these two FOP nutritional labels, focusing on the evidence suggesting that the NutrInform Battery can help consumers better than the Nutri-Score system to understand nutritional information, potentially improving dietary choices.

Level of evidence
II. Evidence was obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.
Beeinflusst das Tragen einer Gangjustierhilfe in Sicherheitsschuhen die allgemeine Beanspruchung bei Produktionsarbeitern in der Spätschicht?
Authors: Dürrschnabel Isabelle , Dürrschnabel Lutz , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sicherheitsschuhe sind Teil einer persönlichen Schutzausrüstung zur Minderung des Unfallrisikos am Arbeitsplatz und bei vielen Tätigkeiten in verschiedenen Berufsgruppen vorgeschrieben. Das Tragen von normierten Arbeitsschuhen kann aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften (Passform und Gewicht) zu einer erhöhten Beanspruchung des Arbeiters führen. Eine zusätzliche Optimierung von Arbeitsschuhen, mit dem Ziel der Symmetrisierung des Ganges und der damit einhergehenden Verminderung der Beanspruchung, unter den besonderen Bedingungen des Arbeitsschutzes ist daher anzustreben. In dieser Studie soll überprüft werden, ob das Anbringen einer Gangjustierhilfe mit dem Ziel der Symmetrisierung des Ganges einen Einfluss auf die allgemeine Beanspruchung von Schichtarbeitern hat.

Methodik
Dafür wurde bei 29 männlichen Probanden (Interventionsgruppe: n = 15, Kontrollgruppe: n = 14) zu 2 Messzeitpunkten während der Spätschicht die Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) kontinuierlich erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Nach 2‑wöchigem Tragen der Gangjustierhilfe zeigt sich eine signifikante Erhöhung der zeitbezogenen HRV-Parameter bei der Interventionsgruppe. Die frequenzbezogenen Parameter Gesamtleistung (Total Power) und Leistung im High Frequency Band (Power HF Band) zeigen bei der Kontrollgruppe eine Verringerung vom 1. zum 2. Messzeitpunkt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die Gangjustierhilfe durchaus positive Effekte auf die HRV hat und damit die allgemeine Beanspruchungslage am Arbeitsplatz bei dieser Stichprobe positiv beeinflussen kann.

Diskussion
Weitere Studien zum Überprüfen eines Effektes mit größeren Fallzahlen und unter Berücksichtigung weitere Gruppierungsmöglichkeiten (bspw. Parameter der Ganganalyse, körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Vorerkrankungen) sind jedoch erforderlich.
Total wave power absorption by a multi-float wave energy converter and a semi-submersible wind platform with a fast far field model for arrays
Authors: Stansby Peter , Moreno Efrain Carpintero , Draycott Sam , Stallard Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWave energy converters absorb wave power by mechanical damping for conversion into electricity and multi-float systems may have high capture widths. The kinetic energy of the floats causes waves to be radiated, generating radiation damping. The total wave power absorbed is thus due to mechanical and radiation damping. A floating offshore wind turbine platform also responds dynamically and damping plates are generally employed on semi-submersible configurations to reduce motion, generating substantial drag which absorbs additional wave power. Total wave power absorption is analysed here by linear wave diffraction–radiation–drag models for a multi-float wave energy converter and an idealised wind turbine platform, with response and mechanical power in the wave energy case compared with wave basin experiments, including some directional spread wave cases, and accelerations compared in the wind platform case. The total power absorption defined by capture width is input into a far field array model with directional wave spreading. Wave power transmission due a typical wind turbine array is only reduced slightly (less than 5% for a 10 × 10 platform array) but may be reduced significantly by rows of wave energy converters (by up to about 50%).
A review on the applications of machine learning for runoff modeling
Authors: Mohammadi Babak 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe growing menace of global warming and restrictions on access to water in each region is a huge threat to global hydrological sustainability. Hence, the perspective at which hydrological studies are currently being carried out across the world to quantify and understand the water cycle modeling requires a further boost. In the past few decades, the theoretical understanding of machine learning (ML) algorithms for solving engineering issues, and the application of this method to practical problems have made very significant progress. In the field of hydrology, ML has been using for a better understanding of hydrological complexities. Then, using ML-based approaches for hydrological simulation have been a popular method for runoff modeling in recent years; it seems necessary to understand the application of ML in runoff modeling fully. Current research seeks to have an overview for rainfall–runoff modeling using ML approaches in recent years, including integrated and ordinary ML techniques (such as ANFIS, ANN, and SVM models). The main hydrological topics in this review study include surface hydrology, streamflow, rainfall–runoff, and flood modeling via ML approaches. Therefore, in this study, the author has critically reviewed the characteristics of machine learning models in runoff simulation, including advantages and disadvantages of three widely used machine learning models.
International students’ knowledge and emotions related to academic integrity at Canadian postsecondary institutions
Authors: Sanni-Anibire Hafizat , Stoesz Brenda M. , Gervais Loie , Vogt Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the knowledge of academic integrity and associated emotions of a small sample of international students studying at Canadian postsecondary institutions (n = 60) using survey methodology. Depending on the survey item, 25–60 participants provided responses. Many respondents appeared knowledgeable about academic integrity and misconduct and reported that expectations in their home countries and in Canada were similar. There was, however, disagreement on the concept of duplicate submission/self-plagiarism, indicating an important gap in educating students about specific aspects of policy in postsecondary education in Canada. In addition, more than a third of respondents provided neutral responses to a situation involving contract cheating, suggesting a lack of certainty in how to respond when witnessing peers’ engagement in outsourcing academic work. Many respondents reported feeling confident upon reading the academic integrity and misconduct policies of their Canadian postsecondary institution, although nearly one third indicated feeling fearful, anxious, and/or confused. These negative feelings were associated with reduced knowledge of academic integrity and misconduct. Future research should further explore the experiences and emotions of international students related to academic integrity and misconduct to better understand the successes and challenges that they face in their postsecondary studies in Canada. Our findings have important implications for the delivery of academic integrity education, enhancing supports and resources, and refining academic integrity policies and procedures to improve the experience of students who come from abroad to study in Canada.
Efficient 3D Mapping and Modelling of Indoor Scenes with the Microsoft HoloLens: A Survey
Authors: Weinmann Martin , Wursthorn Sven , Weinmann Michael , Hübner Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Microsoft HoloLens is a head-worn mobile augmented reality device. It allows a real-time 3D mapping of its direct environment and a self-localisation within the acquired 3D data. Both aspects are essential for robustly augmenting the local environment around the user with virtual contents and for the robust interaction of the user with virtual objects. Although not primarily designed as an indoor mapping device, the Microsoft HoloLens has a high potential for an efficient and comfortable mapping of both room-scale and building-scale indoor environments. In this paper, we provide a survey on the capabilities of the Microsoft HoloLens (Version 1) for the efficient 3D mapping and modelling of indoor scenes. More specifically, we focus on its capabilities regarding the localisation (in terms of pose estimation) within indoor environments and the spatial mapping of indoor environments. While the Microsoft HoloLens can certainly not compete in providing highly accurate 3D data like laser scanners, we demonstrate that the acquired data provides sufficient accuracy for a subsequent standard rule-based reconstruction of a semantically enriched and topologically correct model of an indoor scene from the acquired data. Furthermore, we provide a discussion with respect to the robustness of standard handcrafted geometric features extracted from data acquired with the Microsoft HoloLens and typically used for a subsequent learning-based semantic segmentation.