bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime incidence risk for gastric cancer in the Helicobacter pylori‐infected and uninfected population in Japan: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Kawai Sayo , Wang Chaochen , Lin Yingsong , Sasakabe Tae , Okuda Masumi , Kikuchi Shogo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered the leading cause of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is currently a common cancer with high incidence and mortality rates, but it is expected that the incidence rate will gradually decrease as the H. pylori infection prevalence decreases in the future. When evaluating the effectiveness of gastric cancer prevention strategies, it is essential to note the differences in long‐term cumulative risks between H. pylori‐infected and uninfected populations, but this has not yet been precisely evaluated. In our study, we aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence risks of developing gastric cancer from birth to 85 years among H. pylori‐infected and uninfected populations by using population‐based cancer registry data and birth year‐specific H. pylori infection prevalence rates. Death from gastric cancer and other causes of death were considered in the estimations of the adjusted cumulative incidence risks stratified by sex and H. pylori infection status. After performing 5000 Monte Carlo simulations with repeated random sampling using observed cancer incidence in selected three prefectures (Fukui, Nagasaki, Yamagata) of prefectural population‐based cancer registry in Japan, the mean adjusted cumulative incidence risk for gastric cancer in the H. pylori‐infected population was 17.0% for males and 7.7% for females and 1.0% for males and 0.5% for females in the uninfected population. These results calculated with Japanese cancer registry data may be useful in considering and evaluating future prevention strategies for gastric cancer in Japan.
Bilateral oophorectomy and rate of colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Koch Trine , Therming Jørgensen Jeanette , Christensen Jane , Duun‐Henriksen Anne Katrine , Priskorn Lærke , Kildevæld Simonsen Mette , Dehlendorff Christian , Jovanovic Andersen Zorana , Juul Anders , Bräuner Elvira V. , Hickey Martha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWorldwide, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer and third cause of cancer death in women. Estrogen exposure has been inversely associated with colorectal cancer. Oophorectomy reduces circulating estrogen, but the effect on colorectal cancer remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the association between unilateral and bilateral oophorectomy and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer, and whether this association varied by menopausal status at time of oophorectomy, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at baseline, hysterectomy and baseline body mass index (BMI). The study included 25 698 female nurses (aged ≥45 years) participating in the Danish Nurse Cohort. Nurses were followed from baseline until date of colorectal cancer, death, emigration or end of follow‐up at December 31, 2018, whichever came first. We examined the association between oophorectomy and colorectal cancer (all ages and stratified by menopausal status). The potential modifying effects of hysterectomy, HRT use at baseline and BMI were investigated. During 542 140 person‐years of follow‐up, 863 (3.4%) nurses were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Bilateral oophorectomy was associated with a 79% increased colorectal cancer rate, adjusted rate ratio (aRR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.79 (1.33‐2.42). Effect estimates following unilateral oophorectomy also showed higher rate of colorectal cancer, although less pronounced and nonstatistically significant (aRR) (95% CI): 1.25 (0.86‐1.82). Similar results were seen when stratifying by menopausal status. The association was not modified by baseline HRT use, hysterectomy or BMI. Oophorectomy was associated with increased rate of colorectal cancer, with highest rates among women with bilateral oophorectomy.
Cystic endometrium on ultrasound scan: Sonographic‐hysteroscopic‐pathologic correlation
Authors: Shah Neha , Sackey Nana , Gopee Serena , Sideris Michail , Broadbent Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation between ultrasound findings of cystic endometrium and hysteroscopic and histopathologic findings.MethodsA retrospective study was performed across two London hospital sites between January and December 2020.ResultsThe percentage chance of having either endometrial hyperplasia or cancer was lower in our cohort of women with postmenopausal bleeding and ultrasound findings of cystic endometrium, compared with population estimates for women with postmenopausal bleeding alone (4.1% vs 10%–15% for endometrial cancer and 1.4% vs 5%–10% for endometrial hyperplasia). Conversely, a higher proportion of women in our cohort were diagnosed with endometrial polyps compared with population estimates for postmenopausal bleeding (68% vs 2%–12%). The rate of endometrial hyperplasia was significantly higher in our cohort of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding and cystic endometrium compared with population estimates for premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (15.4% vs 1.4%).ConclusionCystic endometrium appears to be a powerful predictor of endometrial pathology. The high rate of endometrial hyperplasia in premenopausal women with cystic endometrium would advocate the need to obtain histologic diagnoses. Further studies are required to confirm whether cystic endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding confers a lower risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
Endoscopic findings of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children and young adults based on the Kyoto classification of gastritis and age‐associated changes
Authors: Hojo Mariko , Nagahara Akihito , Kudo Takahiro , Takeda Tsutomu , Ikuse Tamaki , Matsumoto Kohei , Ueda Kumiko , Ueyama Hiroya , Matsumoto Kenshi , Asaoka Daisuke , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to evaluate endoscopic findings of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐positive children and young adults based on the Kyoto classification, and to examine if there are age‐associated changes in H. pylori‐positive gastritis.MethodsH. pylori‐positive patients under 40 years old who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 1 April 2009 to 15 February 2017 were included. Subjects were classified into the Pediatric (<20 years) and Young adult groups (20–39 years). The patients' endoscopic photographs were retrospectively re‐evaluated based on the Kyoto classification. We compared endoscopic findings between the two groups and examined alterations in the findings of H. pylori‐associated gastritis in 5‐year age groups.ResultsForty‐three and 163 subjects were classified into the Pediatric and Young adult groups, respectively. In the Pediatric group, nodularity was seen in the majority (93.0%); other endoscopic findings in order of decreasing frequency included mucosal swelling (32.6%), spotty redness (25.6%), diffuse redness (18.6%), and atrophy (9.3%). In the Young adult group, endoscopic findings included atrophy (66.9%), mucosal swelling (49.7%), spotty redness (39.3%), nodularity (31.9%), and diffuse redness (30.3%). The difference in prevalence of nodularity or atrophy between the two groups reached statistical significance (P < 0.0001 each). The rate of nodularity decreased with increasing age in the Young adult group. The rate of atrophy was 33% in young adult patients aged 20–24, and the rate increased to >65% in patients over age 25.ConclusionH. pylori‐positive children had endoscopic findings besides nodularity based on the Kyoto classification. The prevalence of atrophy increased in patients over age 20.
Improving retention in antenatal and postnatal care: a systematic review of evidence to inform strategies for adolescents and young women living with HIV
Authors: Brittain Kirsty , Teasdale Chloe A , Ngeno Bernadette , Odondi Judith , Ochanda Boniface , Brown Karryn , Langat Agnes , Modi Surbhi , Abrams Elaine J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionYoung pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at high risk of poor outcomes in prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission services. The aim of this systematic review was to collate evidence on strategies to improve retention in antenatal and/or postpartum care in this population. We also conducted a secondary review of strategies to increase attendance at antenatal care (ANC) and/or facility delivery among pregnant adolescents, regardless of HIV status, to identify approaches that could be adapted for adolescents and young WLHIV.MethodsSelected databases were searched on 1 December 2020, for studies published between January 2006 and November 2020, with screening and data abstraction by two independent reviewers. We identified papers that reported age‐disaggregated results for adolescents and young WLHIV aged <25 years at the full‐text review stage. For the secondary search, we included studies among female adolescents aged 10 to 19 years.Results and discussionOf 37 papers examining approaches to increase retention among pregnant and postpartum WLHIV, only two reported age‐disaggregated results: one showed that integrated care during the postpartum period increased retention in HIV care among women aged 18 to 24 years; and another showed that a lay counsellor‐led combination intervention did not reduce attrition among women aged 16 to 24 years; one further study noted that age did not modify the effectiveness of a combination intervention. Mobile health technologies, enhanced support, active follow‐up and tracing and integrated services were commonly examined as standalone interventions or as part of combination approaches, with mixed evidence for each strategy. Of 10 papers identified in the secondary search, adolescent‐focused services and continuity of care with the same provider appeared to be effective in improving attendance at ANC and/or facility delivery, while home visits and group ANC had mixed results.ConclusionsThis review highlights the lack of evidence regarding effective strategies to improve retention in antenatal and/or postpartum care among adolescents and young WLHIV specifically, as well as a distinct lack of age‐disaggregated results in studies examining retention interventions for pregnant WLHIV of all ages. Identifying and prioritizing approaches to improve retention of adolescents and young WLHIV are critical for improving maternal and child health.
Likelihood of prior exposure to circulating influenza viruses resulting in cross‐protection by CD8+ T cells against emergent H3N2v swine viruses infecting humans
Authors: Komadina Naomi , Sullivan Sheena G. , Leder Karin , McVernon Jodie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOutbreaks of influenza in swine can result in potential threats to human public health. A notable occurrence was the emergence of swine‐origin H1N1 influenza viruses in 2009. Since then, there have been several documented outbreaks of swine‐origin influenza infecting humans in several countries. Sustained events have occurred when H1N1v, H1N2v, and H3N2v swine‐origin viruses have infected humans visiting agricultural shows in the US. The predominant H3N2v viruses gained the matrix protein from the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, with reported human‐to‐human transmission raising fears of another pandemic. Current vaccines do not induce secondary cell‐mediated immune responses, which may provide cross‐protection against novel influenza A subtypes, however, population susceptibility to infection with seasonal influenza is likely to be influenced by cross‐reactive CD8+ T‐cells directed towards immunogenic peptides derived from viral proteins. This study involved a retrospective review of historical influenza viruses circulating in human populations from 1918 to 2020 to identify evidence of prior circulation of H3N3v immunogenic CD8+ T‐cells peptides found in the NP and M1 proteins. We found evidence of prior circulation of H3N2v NP and M1 immunogenic peptides in historical influenza viruses. This provides insight into the population context in which influenza viruses emerge and may help inform immunogenic peptide selection for cytotoxic T‐cell lymphocytes (CTL)‐inducing influenza vaccines. Next‐generation vaccines capable of eliciting CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated cross‐protective immunity may offer a long‐term alternative strategy for influenza vaccines.
Videofluoroscopic and manometric outcomes of cricopharyngeus balloon dilation for treatment of pharyngo‐esophageal dysphagia associated with nasopharyngeal cancer: A case series
Authors: Fong Raymond , Rumbach Anna F. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Doeltgen Sebastian H. , Sun Nikie , Tsang Raymond 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundProblems with pharyngo‐esophageal bolus flow have been reported following nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) treatment. While studies using videofluoroscopic assessment have shown balloon dilation can help address this impairment, the impact of dilation on pressure and bolus flow characteristics incorporating high‐resolution pharyngeal manometry (HRPM) has not been reported.MethodsFive cases with pharyngo‐esophageal dysphagia post NPC underwent balloon dilation. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and HRPM were completed before and 1 month post dilation. Oral intake and dysphagia related quality of life were reported to 3 months.ResultsVFSS, manometry and functional outcomes revealed positive benefits from dilation in two cases. In the other three cases, two showed improvements on VFSS only. These three failed to make functional swallowing gains.ConclusionsWhere there was functional gain, both fluoroscopy and HRPM recorded improvement to UES function. Across the cases, response to dilation was variable and further work is needed to determine which patients would receive most benefit.Level of Evidence4.
Effects of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Meal Inclusion on Growth, Body Color, and Composition of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Tang Baojun , Zheng Hanfeng , Wang Shuaijie , Qin Ganjing , Huang Yanqing , Wang Lumin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba meal inclusion in the diet of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea were studied. Inclusion levels were 0.000, 4.125, 8.250, and 12.375% (control, KM4.125, KM8.250, and KM12.375, respectively), and groups of large-sized fish (average body weight = 190.6 g) received these diets for 99 d. No significant differences were found in body length, body weight, and specific growth rate compared with the control group, but the KM4.125 and KM8.250 groups had significantly increased condition factors and hepatosomatic indices. The KM8.250 fish showed a significant increase in redness values in the dorsal skin, while the KM12.375 fish presented significantly higher yellowness in the ventral skin and tail fin. Addition of krill meal exerted no significant effect on whole-body proximate composition. The KM8.250 group showed significantly higher lipid content and lower ash content, which differed from those of the KM12.375 group. Most of the amino acids in muscle and liver tissues remained unchanged compared to those in the control. The KM4.125 group showed significantly higher muscle proline, serine, and total functional amino acids, while the total amino acid content in KM12.375 fish significantly decreased. The results indicated that dietary inclusion of fish meal with up to 8.25% krill meal does not result in adverse effects on growth and body composition of large-sized Large Yellow Croaker; however, addition of krill meal could improve skin coloration in these fish.
Optimal scheduling and control for constrained multi‐agent networked control systems
Authors: Bahraini Masoud , Zanon Mario , Colombo Alessandro , Falcone Paolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study optimal control and communication schedule co‐design for multi‐agent networked control systems, with assuming shared parallel communication channels and uncertain constrained linear time‐invariant discrete‐time systems. To that end, we specify the communication demand for each system using an associated robust control invariant set and reachability analysis. We use these communication demands and invariant sets to formulate tube‐based model predictive control and offline/online communication schedule co‐design problems. Since the scheduling part includes an infinite dimension integer problem, we propose heuristics to find suboptimal solutions that guarantee robust constraints satisfaction and recursive feasibility. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated through numerical simulations.
Computational models in the service of X‐ray and cryo‐electron microscopy structure determination
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Moult John , Albrecht Reinhard , Chang Geoffrey A. , Chao Kinlin , Fraser Alec , Greenfield Julia , Hartmann Marcus D. , Herzberg Osnat , Josts Inokentijs , Leiman Petr G. , Linden Sara B. , Lupas Andrei N. , Nelson Daniel C. , Rees Steven D. , Shang Xiaoran , Sokolova Maria L. , Tidow Henning ,   AlphaFold2 team
Published: August 2021

AbstractCritical assessment of structure prediction (CASP) conducts community experiments to determine the state of the art in computing protein structure from amino acid sequence. The process relies on the experimental community providing information about not yet public or about to be solved structures, for use as targets. For some targets, the experimental structure is not solved in time for use in CASP. Calculated structure accuracy improved dramatically in this round, implying that models should now be much more useful for resolving many sorts of experimental difficulties. To test this, selected models for seven unsolved targets were provided to the experimental groups. These models were from the AlphaFold2 group, who overall submitted the most accurate predictions in CASP14. Four targets were solved with the aid of the models, and, additionally, the structure of an already solved target was improved. An a posteriori analysis showed that, in some cases, models from other groups would also be effective. This paper provides accounts of the successful application of models to structure determination, including molecular replacement for X‐ray crystallography, backbone tracing and sequence positioning in a cryo‐electron microscopy structure, and correction of local features. The results suggest that, in future, there will be greatly increased synergy between computational and experimental approaches to structure determination.
Flexible diagnostic measures and new cut‐point selection methods under multiple ordered classes
Authors: Feng Yingdong , Tian Lili 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedical diagnosis is essentially a classification problem and usually it is done with multiple ordered classes. For example, cancer diagnosis might be “non‐malignant,” “early stage,” or “late stage.” Therefore, appropriate measures are needed to assess the accuracy of diagnostic markers under multiple ordered classes. However, all existing measures fail to differentiate among some distinctly different biomarkers. This paper presents a multi‐step procedure for evaluating biomarker accuracy under multiple ordered classes. This procedure leads to two new flexible overall measures as well as three new cut‐point selection methods with great computational ease. The performance of proposed measures and cut‐point selection methods are numerically explored via a simulation study. In the end, an ovarian cancer dataset from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer study is analyzed. The proposed accuracy measures were estimated for markers CA125 and HE4, and cut‐points were estimated for the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm score.
Photoantioxidant versus photodegradant: Action of nanoparticle inorganic fillers in outdoor aging of PP
Authors: Xu Zhiping , An Zhenhua , Ye Yan , Yang Rui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOwing to the widespread use of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites, their stability in the environment is becoming increasingly relevant. Accordingly, a systematic study of the relationship between the characteristics of inorganic nanofillers and the environmental aging behavior of PP is necessary to determine the service life of PP nanocomposites in outdoor environments. Therefore, in this study, we systematically investigated the effects of the chemical composition, particle size, crystalline form, and amount of inorganic filler (CaCO3, Al2O3, SiO2, and ZnO) on the outdoor aging behavior of PP. The results of outdoor aging experiments showed that the filler composition affects the aging behavior of PP. It was found that SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles accelerate and retard the outdoor aging of PP, respectively. In addition, PP composites containing inorganic fillers with relatively large particles or more stable crystalline forms exhibit relatively slow aging. In the case of the fillers other than ZnO nanoparticles, increasing the filler content accelerates the outdoor aging of PP. The evolution of cracks in the exposed surfaces of PP composites during outdoor aging was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The CO2 generated by PP composites during in situ gaseous degradation product detection corresponds well with the results of the outdoor aging experiments. This study elucidates the effects of inorganic fillers on the outdoor aging behavior of PP.
Efficiency in PrEP Delivery: Estimating the Annual Costs of Oral PrEP in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mangenah Collin , Nhamo Definate , Gudukeya Stephano , Gwavava Emily , Gavi Chiedza , Chiwawa Progress , Chidawanyika Sandra , Muleya Polite , Taruberekera Noah , Madidi Ngonidzashe , Ncube Gertrude , Bara Hilda , Napierala Sue , Dunbar Megan , Hoke Theresa , Kripke Katharine , Cowan Frances M. , Torjesen Kristine , Terris-Prestholt Fern 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough oral PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition, optimizing continuation among beneficiaries is challenging in many settings. We estimated the costs of delivering oral PrEP to populations at risk of HIV in seven clinics in Zimbabwe. Full annual economic costs of oral PrEP initiations and continuation visits were estimated from the providers’ perspective for a six-clinic NGO network and one government SGBV clinic in Zimbabwe (January–December 2018). Disaggregating costs of full initiation and incremental follow-up visits enabled modeling of the impact of duration of continuation on the cost per person-year ($pPY) on PrEP. 4677 people initiated oral PrEP, averaging 2.7 follow-up visits per person. Average cost per person initiated was $238 ($183–$302 across the NGO clinics; $86 in the government facility). The full cost per initiation visit, including central and direct costs, was $178, and the incremental cost per follow-up visit, capturing only additional resources used directly in the follow up visits, was $22. The average duration of continuation was 3.0 months, generating an average $pPY of $943, ranging from $839 among adolescent girls and young women to $1219 in men. Oral PrEP delivery costs varied substantially by scale of initiations and by duration of continuation and type of clinic. Extending the average oral PrEP continuation from 2.7 to 5 visits (about 6 months) would greatly improve service efficiency, cutting the $pPY by more than half.