bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Process of Japanese Psychotherapists Based on Their Life Histories
Authors: Terashima Hitomi , Yaguchi Daiyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe identified the mastery processes of experienced psychotherapists by drawing their life histories, which indicated principles for guiding the development of young psychotherapists. Participants were psychotherapists with over 30 years of experience (N = 7, six men and one woman, mean age = 71.86 years). The data were analyzed using the trajectory equifinality model (TEM). The results indicated that a psychotherapist might continue to practice even while experiencing conflicts and might eventually integrate and establish their unique therapeutic approach into their work. Essential factors in facilitating the motivation to be a psychotherapist include: hope; good friends, coworkers, and supervisors; experience with many cases; learning from a global perspective; and interest in human beings. Moreover, after the mid‐career, adverse events in participants' private lives had positive effects on their development as experts. It was concluded that the development of a psychotherapist is a process of growth as a person. This study indicated factors necessary to continue as a psychotherapist while facing conflicts, which is considered useful for educating future Japanese psychotherapists.
Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Motivation in Japanese Adults: An Application of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Takenaka Koji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrounded in self‐determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to examine the relationship between satisfying basic psychological needs when exercising and motivation for exercise. Participants (nmale = 324; nfemale = 379) were Japanese adults who completed a survey using a cross‐sectional, non‐experimental design. Bivariate correlations supported positive associations between satisfying each psychological need via exercise, and revealed that adjacent motivations spanning the self‐determination continuum were more positively correlated in comparison to distal motivations. Multiple regression analyses by participant gender indicated that three basic psychological needs satisfaction via exercise predicted intrinsic motivation in men and women and identified regulation in the female subsample. Relatedness need satisfaction did not significantly contribute to predicting identified regulation in the male subsample. Limited support for the role of basic psychological need fulfillment was evident in the regression models related to controlled motivations or amotivation. Overall, the results of this study indicated that SDT could be employed to advance our understanding of the psychological mechanisms that shape exercise motivation in Japanese adults.
Children seeking asylum: Determinants of asylum claims by unaccompanied minors in the United States from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Braaten Daniel , Braaten Claire Nolasco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the treatment and processing of immigration court decisions for unaccompanied alien children (UAC) in the United States from 2013 to 2017. We focus on two primary questions in our research: (1) whether asylum cases involving UAC are substantially different in outcome than non‐UAC cases, and (2) whether there have been significant differences in the immigration courts' asylum decisions involving unaccompanied minors before and after the Trump administration came to power. We utilize various multilevel models to test individual applicant‐, immigration judge‐, county‐, and state‐level variables on the likelihood of UAC receiving a positive outcome in immigration court. We find strong support for the second hypothesis and mixed support for the first. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple political, economic, social, and geographical factors influence immigration hearings for UAC beyond the individual strength of any one child's case.
More than Meets the Eye: Derivations and Stratification in Boulez's ‘Don’ (1962)
Authors: Sudo Marina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBased on a study of the sketch material held at the Paul Sacher Foundation, this paper examines the derivation of materials in the 1962 orchestral version of ‘Don’, the first movement of Pli selon pli: Portrait de Mallarmé by Pierre Boulez. Although the composer starts with a prepared serial multiplication table, he exhibits a flexible and imaginative treatment of material between conceptual planning, conceived initially in the relationship with the last movement, ‘Tombeau’, and its mise en place. Some sketches suggest that Boulez carefully selects the material according to the sound image in his mind. The interaction between planning and sound realisation shows, furthermore, that he did not view the series as a restriction but rather as a fountain of creative inspiration.
Central sensitization and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pain syndromes, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Midenfjord Irina , Grinsvall Cecilia , Koj Peter , Carnerup Ida , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization has been suggested as an explanation of the wide range of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms commonly seen in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, the presence and level of central sensitization, and its association to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were explored in IBS in comparison with control groups.MethodsWe investigated patients with IBS (n = 215), chronic pain disorders (n = 36), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 40) and volunteers without chronic diseases (n = 112). The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was translated and validated in Swedish and used together with the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) scale to measure the presence and level of central sensitization. Furthermore, severity of GI symptoms (GSRS‐IBS and IBS‐SSS), and anxiety and depression (HAD) were determined.Key resultsThe Swedish translation of CSI demonstrated excellent validity. Central sensitization, defined by validated cut‐off levels for CSI and HSP, was common in the whole cohort (40% and 28%) and in IBS (57% and 35%). Study participants with central sensitization had more severe GI symptoms, anxiety and depression, than participants without central sensitization. Strong associations were seen between CSI and GI symptom severity in the whole cohort (GSRS‐IBS: partial η2 = 0.455, p < 0.001; IBS‐SSS: partial η2 = 0.408, p < 0.001), with decreasing strength in patients with chronic pain, IBD, IBS, and volunteers.Conclusion and InferencesCentral sensitization was common in IBS and associated with GI symptom severity, but with stronger associations in chronic pain disorders and IBD. This implies that other mechanisms may be of equal or greater importance for GI symptom severity in IBS.
A realist evaluation of the implementation of a large‐scale school eye health programme in India: a qualitative study
Authors: Seelam Bharani , Liu Hueiming , Borah Rishi Raj , Sheeladevi Sethu , Keay Lisa ,   the REACH research group
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates how and in what circumstances a school‐based eye health programme, the Refractive Errors Among CHildren (REACH) programme, achieved its desired outcomes: accessibility, standards of refractive care, fidelity and availability of comprehensive services, for over 2 million school children in six districts across India.MethodsWe conducted a realist evaluation to identify programme aspects and their causal relationships with outcomes. Deductive and inductive thematic analysis of qualitative data included three phases: 1. theory gleaning, 2. eliciting programme theory, 3. revisiting programme theory. The Initial Programme Theories (IPTs) were developed and revised through review of the literature, programme documents and field notes. We reviewed informal and formal discussions from the participatory advisory workshops and conducted semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders for the development and refinement of the IPTs. We based our analysis on the programme designers’ perspective; used contexts, mechanisms and outcomes configuration for the analysis and presentation of the findings and reported the revised IPTs for the REACH programme.ResultsWe identified four major programme aspects of the REACH programme for evaluation: programme governing unit, human resource, innovation and technology and funding. Based on the intended outcomes of the programme, themes and contexts were sorted and IPTs were defined. We revised the IPTs based on the analysis of the interviews (n = 19). The contexts and mechanisms that were reported to have potential influence on the attainment of favourable programme outcomes were identified. The revisions to the IPTs included: co‐designing a collaborative model and involving local government officials to reinforce trust, community partnerships; local well‐trained staff to encourage participation; use of the web‐based data capturing system with built‐in quality control measures and continued technical support; pre‐determined costs and targets for the outputs promoted transparency and adherence with costs.ConclusionThis process provided a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and possibilities for a large‐scale school eye health programme in diverse local contexts in India. This illustrated the importance of embracing principles of system thinking and considering contextual factors for School Eye Health programmes in low and middle‐income countries.
Densitometry marks delineating the affected area in keratoconus: clinical suitability of a new descriptive system based on its repeatability and reproducibility
Authors: Jiménez‐García Marta , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Hershko Sarah , Koppen Carina , Rozema Jos J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo present a descriptive system for the elliptic demarcation area seen in keratoconus densitometry maps (obtained with a Scheimpflug tomographer) and to evaluate its suitability for clinical practice.MethodsThe subjects were 30 keratoconus patients at different stages and 20 healthy subjects. The averaged densitometry maps (‘two‐layers’ scan, with fixed layers 120 µm and endothelium) were analysed using a system of four categories (termed ‘Brightness’, ‘Contrast’, ‘Decentration’ and ‘Octants surrounded by a dark line’) that we created to characterise the demarcation area. Four examiners (three corneal specialists and one junior resident) used the system to classify the maps. The inter‐rater agreement was calculated for two subgroups: (1) clinical keratoconus patients and (2) both healthy patients and forme fruste keratoconus patients. Intra‐rater agreement was also determined.ResultsInter‐rater agreement on classification was higher when analysing clinical keratoconus, reaching levels of substantial agreement. Despite this, only low levels of agreement were found in ‘Decentration’, penalized due to the skewness in the distribution of this descriptor. Almost perfect intra‐rater agreement was obtained for all descriptors in the first subgroup of clinical keratoconus, whereas the agreement was generally moderate within the second subgroup of normal and forme fruste eyes. Agreement was slightly lower with the less experienced observer. At least three observers agreed on four forme fruste keratoconus eyes presenting abnormalities in the images. The observers reported that the ‘Brightness’ descriptor was subjective and redundant with ‘Contrast’.ConclusionsThe description of the area was repeatable and reproducible, and may be a valuable supplement when documenting clinical keratoconus stage and progression in daily practice. However, a minor learning curve was noticed and agreement was higher among the more experienced observers. Since the descriptor ‘Brightness’ was found to be subjective and redundant, it was excluded from the final proposed classification.
Involuntary backsourcing in the public sector: From conflict to collaboration
Authors: Berlin Johan M. , Jansson Magnus , Karlsson David , Carlström Eric D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on how involuntary backsourcing in public organizations is performed in practice and how it affects the relationship between principal and agent. The study focuses on two questions: (1) Which stages characterize the process when public contracts are involuntary terminated? (2) How does involuntary backsourcing affect the relationship between principal and agent during the transfer period? The study's case concerns public backsourcing in Sweden, in particular, how a metropolitan municipality manages involuntary backsourcing. This study provides in‐depth insights into backsourcing and its practice, as well as the degree to which the conflict dimension between the parties is affected. The study shows—paradoxically—that the relationship between principal and agent during the transition phase is characterized by dependence, mutual exchange of information, collaboration, and less conflict. The study contributes to developing the theory of backsourcing, particularly the behavior that is played out between principal and agent in the transition stage. The findings identify the need for public organizations which make outsourcing decisions to have contingency plans for bringing operations back in‐house.
Fatalism, fear, and compliance with preventive measures in COVID‐19 pandemic: A structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Özdil Kamuran , Bulucu Büyüksoy Gizem D. , Çatıker Aslıhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to develop and evaluate a theoretical model to explain the relationships among participation in individual and social activities, compliance with prevention guidelines, and the perception of fatalism and fear of COVID‐19.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of 1,067 participants who were >18 years of age living in different provinces of Turkey recruited between August 15, 2020 and October 15, 2020. We used covariant structural analysis to assess the relationships of the constructs of the theoretical model.ResultsSignificant fits were detected for Model 1 (χ2 = 924,389, p < .001, comparative fit index or CFI = 0.944), and for Model 2 (χ2 = 2,253,751, p < .001, CFI = 0.926). The predetermination and luck subdimensions reduce the fear of COVID‐19, while the pessimism subdimension and compliance with preventive measures increase the fear.ConclusionIn public health crises such as COVID‐19, it is important to plan scientific knowledge‐based public education; take initiatives in accordance with the cultural, social, economic, religious, and local characteristics of the societies; and conduct public health studies covering the whole society.
Removing the Influence of Group Variables in High-Dimensional Predictive Modelling
Authors: Aliverti Emanuele , Lum Kristian , Johndrow James E. , Dunson David B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In many application areas, predictive models are used to support or make important decisions. There is increasing awareness that these models may contain spurious or otherwise undesirable correlations. Such correlations may arise from a variety of sources, including batch effects, systematic measurement errors or sampling bias. Without explicit adjustment, machine learning algorithms trained using these data can produce out-of-sample predictions which propagate these undesirable correlations. We propose a method to pre-process the training data, producing an adjusted dataset that is statistically independent of the nuisance variables with minimum information loss. We develop a conceptually simple approach for creating an adjusted dataset in high-dimensional settings based on a constrained form of matrix decomposition. The resulting dataset can then be used in any predictive algorithm with the guarantee that predictions will be statistically independent of the nuisance variables. We develop a scalable algorithm for implementing the method, along with theory support in the form of independence guarantees and optimality. The method is illustrated on some simulation examples and applied to two case studies: removing machine-specific correlations from brain scan data, and removing ethnicity information from a dataset used to predict recidivism. That the motivation for removing undesirable correlations is quite different in the two applications illustrates the broad applicability of our approach.
A relational perspective on emotion regulation across adulthood
Authors: English Tammy , Growney Claire M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheories of aging suggest that close social connections are key determinants of maintained emotional well‐being across adulthood. However, most emotion regulation (ER) research has taken an intrapsychic perspective, focusing primarily on individuals' attempts to manage their own emotions in isolation from others. In this article, we present a relational perspective on ER and suggest that consideration of social factors can provide novel insight into how ER operates and changes throughout the adult lifespan. We describe theoretical perspectives of aging and ER, review the mixed evidence regarding the characterization of age‐related shifts in ER, and highlight relational features of ER goals, strategy selection, and success of implementation. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research examining ER throughout adulthood from a relational perspective, advocating for the comparison of intrapersonal and interpersonal ER in ecologically valid and longitudinal contexts.
Physical Activity in Hospitalized Persons With Dementia: Feasibility and Validity of the MotionWatch 8
Authors: Kuzmik Ashley , Resnick Barbara , Cacchione Pamela , Arendacs Rachel , Boltz Marie 
Published: April 2021

Persons with dementia are at high risk for hospital-acquired disability, associated with low physical activity during hospitalizations. To determine the effectiveness of efforts to increase physical activity, a valid and reliable measurement approach is required. Data from an ongoing cluster randomized clinical trial examined the feasibility and validity of the MotionWatch 8 (MW8) triaxial actigraphy device. The sample included 321 participants of which 259 (81%) were willing to wear the MW8 for 24 hr. Regression analysis revealed that time in low activity, β = 0.17, t(255) = 2.9, p = .004, and time in moderate activity, β = 0.14, t(255) = 2.4, p = .017, measured by the MW8, were associated with participants’ physical function. Engagement in moderate physical activity was associated with return to baseline function at discharge (Wald χ2 = 4.10, df = 1, p = .043). The study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and validity of the MW8 in hospitalized persons with dementia.
Physical Activity and Sitting Time From 16 to 24 Weeks of Pregnancy to 12, 24, and 48 Months Postpartum: Findings From the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Mielke Gregore I. , Crochemore-Silva Inacio , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Silveira Mariangela Freitas , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Brown Wendy J. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Physical activity levels decrease during pregnancy, and the time course of return to prepregnancy levels is unclear. This study aimed to describe changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sitting time from 16 to 24 weeks of pregnancy to 12, 24, and 48 months postpartum in women with different education levels in Brazil. Methods: Data from 4000 mothers of children enrolled in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed. The women were interviewed between 16 and 24 weeks of pregnancy and when their children were aged 12, 24, and 48 months. The LTPA and sitting time were self-reported. Results: Only 15.7% of the women reported any LTPA during pregnancy; this declined to 7.9% at 12 months postpartum; it was 16.8% at 24 months and 23.2% at 48 months. On average, participants spent a mean (SD) of 6.4 (3.9), 4.2 (3.2), 4.3 (3.3), and 4.4 (3.3) hours per day sitting during pregnancy, and at 12, 24, and 48 months after the birth, respectively. Both any LTPA and high sitting (8+ h/d) were consistently higher among women with higher education. Conclusion: After 24 months postpartum, LTPA levels had returned to or exceeded pregnancy levels, but sitting time remained lower than during pregnancy.
Instrument Base of the Reactor PIK
Authors: Kovalchuk M. V. , Voronin V. V. , Grigoriev S. V. , Serebrov A. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The program of developing the instrument base of reactor complex PIK is reviewed. This program is carried out in correspondence with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 356 on July 25, 2019 and the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure on the 2019–2027s. The general concept and plans of formation of the instrument base are reported in the four-volume manuscript PIK Reactor Complex (editors V.L. Aksenov and M.V. Kovalchuk), published in 2015.
Neutron Scattering Techniques and Complementary Methods for Structural and Functional Studies of Biological Macromolecules and Large Macromolecular Complexes
Authors: Lebedev D. V. , Egorov V. V. , Shvetsov A. V. , Zabrodskaya Y. A. , Isaev-Ivanov V. V. , Konevega A. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The review describes the application of small-angle scattering (SAS) of neutrons and complementary methods to study the structures of biomacromolecules. Here we cover SAS techniques, such as the contrast variation, the neutron spin-echo, and the solution of direct and inverse problems of three-dimensional reconstruction of the structures of macromolecules from SAS spectra by means of molecular modeling. A special section is devoted to specific objects of research, such as supramolecular complexes, influenza virus nucleoprotein, and chromatin.
Comparative effectiveness of biologics and targeted therapies for psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Zhang Hanzhe , Wen Jiajun , Alexander G Caleb , Curtis Jeffrey R 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify comparative effectiveness of interleukin (IL)−12/23 antagonist (ustekinumab), IL-17A antagonists (secukinumab and ixekizumab), PDE4 inhibitor (apremilast) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol and golimumab) for psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsWe adapted a deidentified claims-based algorithm validated for inflammatory arthritis treatments to compare treatments among a retrospective cohort of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with PsA from October 2013 to April 2019 in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Main outcomes include (1) treatment effectiveness, based on: adherence, adding or switching biologic or PDE4, addition of new non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, increase in biologic or PDE4 dose or frequency and glucocorticoid use and (2) percentage of each group fulfilling the effectiveness algorithm. We used Poisson regression with robust variance stratified by prior PsA biologic exposure and adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsOf 2730 individuals with PsA, 327 received IL-12/23, 138 IL-17A’s, 624 PDE4 and 1641 TNF-α’s. Effectiveness criteria were fulfilled among 63 (19.3%) IL-12/23 recipients, 40 (29.0%) IL-17A recipients, 160 (25.6%) PDE4 recipients and 530 (32.3%) TNF-α recipients. Among biologic-naïve individuals, IL-12/23 was less effective than TNF-α’s with fully adjusted relative risk (aRR) compared with TNF-α’s of 0.63 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.89). Among biologic-experienced individuals, PDE4 recipients were less effective than TNF-α’s (aRR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.96).ConclusionsTNF-α’s appeared more effective than IL-12/23’s for biologic-naïve individuals, and PDE4’s for biologic-experienced individuals. These results may help inform treatment choice for individuals with PsA.