bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Utility Analysis of Palbociclib, Ribociclib and Letrozole in the First Line Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Iran Using Partitioned Survival Model
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Daroudi Rajabali , Fazaeli Aliakbar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPalbociclib and Ribociclib are a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK 4/6) oral molecular inhibitors may improve overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and quality of life (QoL) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. We aimed to cost utility analysis (CUA) of Palbociclib in comparison with other alternative regimens in the first line treatment of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) MBC in Iran.MethodsCUA was performed using partitioned survival model (PSM) from Iranian healthcare system perspective. Comparative strategies were Palbociclib+letrozole, Ribociclib+letrozole and Letrozole mono-therapy. Model structured with 1-month cycle length and 15 years as time horizon. Clinical safety and efficacy of interventions and survival functions in terms of PFS and OS for Palbociclib+letrozole, and Ribociclib+Letrozole was obtained from the latest update of PALOMA-1, 2 and MONALEESA-2 study, respectively. Direct medical costs include the cost of drugs, visits, hospitalization, CT scan, bone x-rays, monitoring and testing, and the medications side effects were considered. In order to uncertainty evaluations, deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were performed. Excel 2016 and TreeAge 2020 were used in all stages of evaluation.ResultsBase case results showed that despite the lower effectiveness, Letrozole mono-therapy was the most cost-effective strategy and Palbociclib+letrozole and Ribociclib+letrozole were not cost effective. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the Palbociclib+Letrozole and Ribociclib+Letrozole compared to Letrozole mono-therapy was estimated at $137,302 and $120,478 per quality adjusted life year (QALY), respectively, indicating a large interval from the target threshold ($4956). DSA showed that the results of the CUA were not significantly sensitive to changes in the values of uncertain variables. PSA also showed Palbociclib+letrozole and Ribociclib+letrozole did not have a chance to be cost effective based on changes in various parameters and simulations.Conclusions﻿albociclib and Ribociclib showed significant efficacy in the addition to Letrozole based on the PFS but were not cost effective strategies in the first line treatment of MBC.
MicroRNA Transformed Genetically Modified Crops and their Effect on Human Health.
Authors: Quazi Sameer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
GM crops or Genetically Modified crops are attracted a wide range of media attention in recent years and continues to do so. Media given awareness about the genetically modified crops to public. They reported the uses and drawbacks of the GM crops. The technique offers with regards to the range of advantages of the use of genetically modified crops. In the Pioneer stage of the production of GM crops, two different sectors of concern have been evolved, which includes impact on the agriculture and dangerous to human life. Safety of the eatables have a vital role in the world. The issue can be reduced by enhancing the productivity and quality of the crop. Genetic manipulation technology depends on the MiRNA, it is one of the main problem-solving methods, which influence the environmental product formation through improving major rules used for miRNAs modification and its objectives in GM plants, it contains constitutive, induction to stress, or specific tissue expression of micro RNAs or their aim, RNA gene silencing mechanism, micro-RNA-resistant target and gene expressions. Genetically Modified Organisms is one of the major focuses in biomedical research from 1980s. Since, Genetically Modified models with animal enable researchers for treatment of human genetic diseases. Genetically Modified microorganisms, crops, and animals are used for the production of drugs that are complex by which helps the generation to vaccines that are cheaper. However, this article+ more focused on the human health associated with the genetically modified foods and role of miRNAs in respected to GM food products.
Localization of Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and Its Application in Chinese Obese Patients with Primary Hypertension
Authors: Junhua Li , Minjuan Wu , Guohe Feng , Xingwei Zhang , Wenqin Wang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) is largely considered to be engaging in behaviors consistent with eating in reaction to one’s physiological appetite and fullness signals instead of environmental stimuli and emotional cues. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) was developed in order to assess the outlook and behaviors of eating on four subscales: unconditional permission to eat (UPE), eating because of physiological as opposed to emotional reasons (EPR), dependence on physiological hunger and satiety cues (RHSC), and body-food choice congruence (B-FCC). Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in Chinese patients with hypertension and nearly 3/4 of such patients have eating problems. The current study intended to validate the psychological measurement properties of the IES-2 Chinese Version (IES-2-Chi) in an obese population with hypertension. For the IES-2-Chi, Cronbach's ɑ = 0.947, split-half reliability was 0.850, the test-retest reliability was 0.889, chi-square/degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 1.318, root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) = 0.040, root mean square residual (RMR) = 0.053, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.902, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.982, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.978, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.983, and normal fit index (NFI) = 0.932. The secondary study objective was to evaluate IE levels of obese Chinese patients with hypertension. IE was correlated positively with self-efficacy, body image, and frequency of eating vegetables and fruits, but negatively with body mass index, hemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, hematocrit, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and frequency of eating fast food.Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that the IES-2-Chi has good reliability and validity in obese patients with primary hypertension and can be used to evaluate IE levels of these patients. Based on the current study results, future studies may be designed to develop intervention strategies using IE to utilize its influential factors in obese patients with primary hypertension.
Enrichment of Homoacetogens Converting H2/CO2 into Acids and Ethanol and Simultaneous Methane Production
Authors: He Yaxue , Cassarini Chiara , Lens Piet N. L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An anaerobic granular sludge was enriched to utilize H2/CO2 in a continuous gas-fed up-flow anaerobic sludge reactor by applying operating conditions expected to produce acetic acid, butyric acid and ethanol. Three stages of fermentation were found: Stage I with acetic acid accumulation with the highest concentration of 35 mM along with a pH decrease from initial 6 to 4.5. In Stage II, H2/CO2 was replaced by 100% H2 to induce solventogenesis, whereas butyric acid was produced with the highest concentration of 2.5 mM. At Stage III with 10 μM tungsten (W) addition, iso-valeric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid were produced at pH 4.5 -5.0. In the batch tests inoculated with the enriched sludge taken from the bioreactor (day 70), however, methane production occurred at pH 6. Exogenous 15 mM acetate addition enhanced both the H2 and CO2 consumption rate compared to exogenous 10, 30 and 45 mM acetate by the enriched sludge. Exogenous acetate failed to be converted to ethanol using H2 as electron donor by the enriched acetogens.
Classifying Oscillatory Brain Activity Associated With Indian Rasas Using Network Metrics
Authors: Pandey Pankaj , Tripathi Richa , Miyapuram Krishna Prasad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neural oscillations are the rich source to understand cognition, perception, and emotions. Decades of research on brain oscillations have primarily discussed neural signatures for the western classification of emotions. Despite this, the Indian ancient treatise on emotions popularly known as Rasas has remained unexplored. In this study, we collected Electroencephalography (EEG) encodings while participants watched nine emotional movie clips corresponding to nine Rasas. The key objective of this study is to identify the brain waves that could distinguish between Rasas. Therefore, we decompose the EEG signals into five primary frequency bands comprising delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). We construct the functional networks from EEG time-series data and subsequently utilize the fourteen graph-theoretical measures to compute the features. Random Forest models are trained on the extracted features, and we present our findings based on classifier predictions. We observe slow (delta) and fast brain waves (beta and gamma) exhibited the maximum discriminating features between Rasas, whereas alpha and theta bands showed fewer distinguishable pairs. Out of nine Rasas, Sringaram, Bibhatsam, and Bhayanakam displayed the most distinguishing characteristics from other Rasas. Interestingly, our results are consistent with the previous studies, which highlight the significant role of higher frequency oscillations for the classification of emotions. Our finding on the alpha band is consistent with the previous study, which reports the maximum similarity in brain networks across emotions in the alpha band. This research contributes to the pioneering work on Indian Rasas utilizing brain responses.
Reduction of Core-loss in the High Frequency Band of the Fe-Si-Cr Crystalline Alloy According to Particle Size
Authors: Choi Yeon Jun , Ahn Ji Hun , Kim Deok Hyeon , Kim Ye Rae , Lee Bo Wha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order for soft magnetic composites (SMCs) to achieve the high-performance requirements expected of them even at high frequencies, high permeability and low core-loss are required. In this study, we used different sizes of gas atomized Fe-Si-Cr alloy powder to produce SMCs, this alloy has higher resistivity than existing materials used in SMCs such as Fe-Si alloy or pure Fe. These powders were prepared by sieving raw materials which had an average size from less than 25 µm to over 63 µm. Our experiments show that as particle size decreases, the magnetic saturation tends to increase, the sample made from the powder with particles 25-38 µm in size recorded the highest magnetic saturation of 169.38 emu/g. Additionally, as particle size decreased, permeability increased. The sample made from powder with particles under 25 µm had a permeability of 20.7 H/m at 1 MHz. Also, the relationship between particle size and quality factor was found to be inversely proportional. Finally, the minimum core-loss was 187.26 kW/m3 at 1 MHz for the sample made from powder whose constituent particles are under 25 µm. We also observed that the core-loss is proportional to particle size.
Enrichment of Luminescence via Incorporation of Fluxes in La2Zr2O7:Tb3+ Nanophosphors: One Material, Many Possibilities-Latent Fingerprint Visualization, Anti- counterfeiting, Luminescent Flexible Films
Authors: Lavanya D. R. , Darshan G. P. , Malleshappa J. , Premkumar H. B. , Sharma S. C. , Hariprasad S. A. , Nagabhushana H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Engineering of single material with multidirectional applications is of crucial for improving the productivity, low cost, flexibility and least power consumption, etc. To achieve these requirements, novel design structures and high performance materials are in urgent need. Lanthanide-doped nanophosphors have greatest strengths and ability in order to tuning its applications in various dimensions. However, nanophosphor applications in latent fingerprints visualization, anti-counterfeiting and luminescent gels/films are still in its infancy. This study demonstrated a simple strategy to enhance the luminescence of Tb3+ doped (1-11 mol %) La2Zr2O7 nanophosphors by conjugating the fluxes via simple solution combustion route. The photoluminescence spectra reveal intense peaks at ~ 491, 546, 587 and 622 nm arises from 5D4◊7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb3+ ions, respectively. The highest emission intensity was achieved in the NH4Cl flux assisted nanophosphor as compared to NaBr and NH4F. The colorimetric images of fingerprints visualized using optimized nanophosphor on forensic related surfaces exhibit level –III ridge details, including sweat pores, width of the ridges, bifurcation angle, successive distance between sweat pores, etc. These results are decisive parameters which clearly supports the statement “no two persons have ever been found to have the same fingerprints”. The anti-counterfeiting security ink was formulated using nanophosphor and designed various patterns by simple screen printing and dip pen technology. The encoded information was decrypted only under ultraviolet 254 nm light. All the designed patterns are not just what it looks/feels like and how it works. As a synergetic contribution of enhanced luminescence of the prepared nanophosphor, the fabricated green-emissive films display excellent flexibility, uniformity and transparency in the normal and ultraviolet 254 nm light illumination. Aforementioned results revealed that prepared NH4Cl flux assisted La2Zr2O7: Tb3+(7 mol %) NPs are considered to be best candidate for multi-dimensional applications.
Updated Absolute Gravity Rate of Change Associated With Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in Southeast Alaska and Its Utilization for Rheological Parameter Estimation
Authors: Naganawa Kazuhiro , Kazama Takahito , Fukuda Yoichi , Miura Satoshi , Hayakawa Hideki , Ohta Yusaku , Freymueller Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Southeast Alaska (SE-AK), rapid ground uplift of up to 3 cm/yr has been observed associated with post-Little Ice Age glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Geodetic techniques such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and absolute gravimetry have been applied to monitor GIA since the last 1990s. Rheological parameters for SE-AK were determined from dense GNSS array data in earlier studies. However, the absolute gravity rate of change observed in SE-AK was inconsistent with the ground uplift rate, mainly because few gravity measurements from 2006 to 2008 resulted in imprecise gravity variation rates. Therefore, we collected absolute gravity data at six gravity points in SE-AK every June in 2012, 2013, and 2015, and updated the gravity variation rate by reprocessing the absolute gravity data collected from 2006 to 2015. We found that the updated gravity variation rate at the six gravity points ranged from −2.05 to −4.40 μGal/yr, and its standard deviation was smaller than that reported in the earlier study by up to 88 %. We also estimated the rheological parameters to explain the updated gravity variation rate, and their optimal values were determined to be 55 km and 1.2 × 10^19 Pa s for lithospheric thickness and upper mantle viscosity, respectively. These optimal values are consistent with those independently obtained from GNSS observations, and this fact indicates that absolute gravimetry can be one of the most effective methods in determining sub-surface structural parameters associated with GIA accurately. Moreover, we utilized the gravity variation rates for estimating the ratio of gravity variation to vertical ground deformation at the six gravity points in SE-AK. The viscous ratio values were obtained as −0.168 and −0.171 μGal/mm from the observed data and the calculated result, respectively. These ratios are greater (in absolute) than those for other GIA regions (−0.15 to −0.16 μGal/mm in Antarctica and Fennoscandia) because glaciers in SE-AK have melted more recently than in other regions.
A Novel Preoperative Inflammation Score System Established for Postoperative Prognosis Predicting of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Jun , Chen Qinjunjie , Lai Zisen , Lin Kongying , Fang Guoxu , Ding Zongren , Gao Yuzhen , Zeng Yongyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInflammation has been implicated in tumorigenesis and has been reported as an important prognostic factor in cancers. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a novel inflammation score (IFS) system based on 12 inflammatory markers and explore its impact on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) survival after hepatectomy.MethodsClinical data of 446 ICC patients underwent surgical treatment were collected from the Primary Liver Cancer Big Data, and then served as a training cohort to establish the IFS. Furthermore, an internal validation cohort including 175 patients was used as internal validation cohort of the IFS. A survival tree analysis was used to divide ICC patients into three groups (low-, median-, and high- IFS-score groups) according to different IFS values. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were used to compare the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates among three different groups. Cox regression analyses were applied to explore the independent risk factors influencing OS and RFS.ResultsIn the training cohort, 149 patients were in the low-IFS-score group, 187 in the median-IFS-score group, and 110 in the high-IFS-score group. KM curves showed that the high-IFS-score group had worse OS and RFS rates than those of the low- and median-IFS-score groups (P<0.001) in both the training and validation cohorts. Moreover, multivariable Cox analyses identified high IFS as an independent risk factor for OS and RFS in the training cohort. The area under the curve values for OS prediction of IFS were 0.703 and 0.664 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which were higher than those of the AJCC 7th edition TNM stage, AJCC 8th edition TNM stage, and the Child-Pugh score. Conclusions﻿Our results revealed IFS was an independent risk factor for OS and RFS in patients with ICC after hepatectomy and could serve as an effective prognostic prediction system in daily clinical practice.
Mild Cognitive Impairment Stratification by Artificial Intelligence on FDG PET
Authors: Prats-Climent Joan , Gandia-Ferrero Maria Teresa , Torres-Espallardo Irene , Álvarez-Sanchez Lourdes , Martínez-Sanchis Begoña , Cháfer-Pericás Consuelo , Gómez-Rico-Junquero Ignacio , Cerdá-Alberich Leonor , Aparici-Robles Fernando , Baquero-Toledo Miquel , Rodríguez-Álvarez María José , Martí-Bonmatí Luis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The purpose of this project is to develop and externally validate a Deep Learning (DL) FDG PET imaging algorithm able to identify patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) among a group of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
Methods

A 3D Convolutional neural network, trained using images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, was implemented. The ADNI dataset used for training and testing the model consisted of 822 subjects (472 AD and 350 MCI). The external validation was performed on an independent dataset from our hospital. The hospital real world dataset contains 90 subjects with MCI: 71 patients that developed a neurodegenerative disease (64 AD, 4 FTD and 3 DLB) and 19 subjects without associated neurodegenerative disease.
Results

The ADNI model had 79% accuracy, 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity in the identification of patients with neurodegenerative diseases tested on the 10% ADNI dataset, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.897. When used for the external validation, the model preserved 77% accuracy, 75% sensitivity, 84% specificity and 0.860 area under the ROC curve.
Conclusion

This model based on FDG PET images can help the early non-invasive prediction of neurodegenerative diseases in MCI patients in standard clinical settings with an overall 77% classification accuracy.
Study of The Biodegradation of Poly (3- Hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by Microorganisms from the Sea waters of the Atlantic Coast of Brazil
Authors: Barreto Lhaira Souza , Silva Erika Emanuele Gomes , Filho Luiz Emílio Pessôa Timeni Moraes , Costa Anna Raffaela Matos , Barbosa Josiane Dantas Viana , Maciel Sara Horacio de Oliveira , de Almeida Yêda Medeiros Bastos , Vinhas Gloria Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biodegradation of Poly (hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in static systems, using as fluid the seawater of the Coastal Region of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil). The physical and chemical modifications of the polymers, as a function of biodegradation, were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tensile assay, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gravimetric test, and microbiological analysis. Through the FTIR, it was possible to observe in the PHB a decrease of 23.22% in the carbonyl index for the crystalline phase and 32.30% in the amorphous phase after 180 days, which evidences the effect of the biodegradation present. The mechanical properties of PHB were altered with biodegradation, but the thermal properties remained. During the gravimetric tests, there was a reduction in mass and consequently higher degradation rates for PHB, which is corroborated by the microbiological tests of the system. All characterizations demonstrated that the surface of the HDPE is less susceptible to biofilm formation and, consequently, to the enzymatic action of microorganisms. After 180 days of immersion, no significant microbiological degradation was observed in the HDPE, except for some abiotic alterations.
OPN Inhibits Autophagy through CD44, Integrin and the MAPK Pathway in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes
Authors: Bai Rui-Jun , Liu Di , Li Yu-Sheng , Tian Jian , Yu Deng-Jie , Li Heng-Zhen , Zhang Fang-Jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate whether OPN has an effect on autophagy in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and determine the roles of CD44, αvβ3 integrin and the MAPK pathway in this progress. Methods: First, we cultured human OA chondrocytes in vitro and then treated cells with rhOPN to determine autophagy changes. Next , the anti-CD44 and anti-CD51/61 monoclonal antibodies (Abs) or isotype IgG were used to determine the possible role of CD44 and αvβ3 integrin; subsequently, an inhibitor of the ERK MAPK pathway was used to investigate the role of ERK MAPK. Western blotting was used to measure the beclin1, LC3 II and MAPK protein expression, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 confocal imaging was used to detect the autophagy levels. CCK-8 was used to assay the proliferation and activity of chondrocytes. Results: Our results showed that the LC3 protein was greatly decreased in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage ,and OPN suppressed the autophagy activity in chondrocytes in vitro. Blocking experiments with anti-CD44 and anti-CD51/61 Abs indicated that OPN could suppress the expression of LC3II and beclin1 through αvβ3 integrin and CD44. Our results also indicated that the ratio of p-ERK/ ERK but not p-P38/P38 and p-JNK/JNK was increased after the rhOPN treatment. The ERK inhibitor inhibited the activity of OPN in the suppression of autophagy, and the CCK-8 results showed that rhOPN could promote chondrocyte proliferation. Conclusions: OPN inhibited chondrocyte autophagy through CD44 and αvβ3 integrin receptors and via the ERK MAPK signaling pathway.