bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Contact Frequency and Pain among Older Adults with HIV: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Herbert Matthew S , Wooldridge Jennalee S , Paolillo Emily W , Depp Colin A , Moore Raeanne C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Social relationships are important for pain management among individuals with HIV, but the impact of daily social contact on pain responses in real-time, real-world settings has never been specifically examined.

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between social contact frequency and pain, and the role of negative and positive affect in this relationship among older adults with HIV using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Methods
A total of 66 (Mage = 59.3, SD = 6.3, range: 50–74) older adults with HIV completed EMA surveys that included social contact frequency, pain level, and negative and positive affect four times per day for 2 weeks. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine concurrent and lagged associations between social contact frequency, pain, and negative and positive affect.

Results
Greater recent social contact frequency was associated with less severe current pain (unstandardized B = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = .014), while greater current pain was associated with lower subsequent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.03, p &lt; .001). Further, higher current negative affect was related to greater current pain, and this relationship was dampened by increased recent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.08, p &lt; .001). Neither negative nor positive affect was significantly associated with the relationship between current pain and subsequent social contact frequency.

Conclusions
Social contact frequency and pain are bidirectionally and inversely associated among older adults with HIV. Further, recent social contact influences current pain by attenuating negative affect. Together, these results highlight the need to address social engagement in interventions for pain among older adults with HIV.
Low hospital mobility—resurgence of an old epidemic within a new pandemic and future solutions
Authors: Pereira Daniel E , Welch Sarah A , Montgomery Chandler D , Hatcher Jeremy B , Duggan Mariu C , Greysen S Ryan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Low mobility during hospitalisation poses risks of functional decline and other poor outcomes for older adults. Given the pervasiveness of this problem, low mobility during hospitalisation was first described as ‘dangerous’ in 1947 and later described as an epidemic. Hospitals have made considerable progress over the last half-century and the last two decades in particular, however, the COVID-19 pandemic presents serious new challenges that threaten to undermine recent efforts and progress towards a culture of mobility. In this special article, we address the question of how to confront an epidemic of immobility within a pandemic. We identify four specific problems for creating and advancing a culture of mobility posed by COVID-19: social distancing and policies restricting patient movement, personnel constraints, personal protective equipment shortages and increased patient hesitancy to ambulate. We also propose four specific solutions to address these problems. These approaches will help support a culture of healthy mobility during and after hospitalisation and help patients to keep moving during the pandemic and beyond.
Impact of rapid infliximab infusions on access at a large academic tertiary medical center
Authors: Pusateri Antoinette , Hatcher Ashley , Patel Nisha , Lehman Joy , Hinton Alice , Afzali Anita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Infliximab promotes remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatologic disease (RD). Rapid infliximab infusions (RI) reduce infusion time from 2 hours to 1 hour and can enhance access to care, as defined by capacity, safety, and patient characteristics. Our hypothesis for the study described here was that use of RI can enhance access for patients.

Methods
Data on all patients receiving infliximab for IBD or RD at our outpatient infusion center from February 2016 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical information were collected.

Results
Of 348 patients who received infliximab, 205 had IBD and 143 had RD. In terms of capacity, 40% of patients received RI, resulting in a 16.1% decrease in average daily infusion time and a 9.8% increase in average daily available scheduled infusion chair time (P = 0.720). In terms of safety, 4 patients switched back to standard infusions after RI, after 3 specifically had reactions to RI. In terms of patient characteristics, more patients with RD versus IBD received RI (P = 0.020). Among the patients with RD, a lower proportion receiving RI were female (P = 0.043). For the patients with IBD, a higher proportion receiving RI were White (P = 0.048). Among both patients with RD and patients with IBD, a higher proportion receiving RI had private insurance (P = 0.016 and P = 0.018, respectively).

Conclusion
RI were safe and increased available chair time. Females with RD, patients of non-White race with IBD, and patients with public insurance were less likely to receive RI. Future directions include patient surveys and evaluation of implicit bias against patient factors that may impact access to RI.
Opposing Vitalism and Embracing Hospice: How a Theology of the Sabbath Can Inform End-of-Life Care
Authors: Sawicki Sarah K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMedicine often views hospice care as “giving up,” which results in a reduced quality of end-of-life care for many patients. By integrating a theology of the Sabbath with modern medicine, hospice becomes a sacred and valuable way to honor the dying patient in a comprehensive and holistic way. A theology of Sabbath as “Sacredness in Time” can provide the foundation for a shift in understanding hospice as a legitimate care plan, which shifts the focus from controlling and manipulating space for the body, to rest and enjoyment of time for the whole person. First, I explore vitalism and its negative effects on the institution of hospice. Second, I address the main misconceptions and biases surrounding hospice in order to establish hospice as an appropriate option for the terminally ill. Finally, I argue for a shift away from sacredness in space (as seen in vitalism) to sacredness in time.
Neurite Imaging Reveals Widespread Alterations in Gray and White Matter Neurite Morphology in Healthy Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Gozdas Elveda , Fingerhut Hannah , Dacorro Lauren , Bruno Jennifer L , Hosseini S M Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and affects neurite distributions throughout the brain, yet underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) now provide in vivo biophysical measurements that explain these biological processes in the cortex and white matter. In this study, neurite distributions were evaluated in the cortex and white matter in healthy older adults and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) that provides fundamental contributions regarding healthy aging and neurodegeneration. Older age was associated with reduced neurite density and neurite orientation dispersion (ODI) in widespread cortical regions. In contrast, increased ODI was only observed in the right thalamus and hippocampus with age. For the first time, we also reported a widespread age-associated decrease in neurite density along major white matter tracts correlated with decreased cortical neurite density in the tract endpoints in healthy older adults. We further examined alterations in cortical and white matter neurite microstructures in aMCI patients and found significant neurite morphology deficits in memory networks correlated with memory performance. Our findings indicate that neurite parameters provide valuable information regarding cortical and white matter microstructure and complement myeloarchitectural information in healthy aging and aMCI.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Versus Influenza in Hospitalized Adult Patients in the United States: Differences in Demographic and Severity Indicators
Authors: Talbot H Keipp , Martin Emily T , Gaglani Manjusha , Middleton Donald B , Ghamande Shekhar , Silveira Fernanda P , Murthy Kempapura , Zimmerman Richard K , Trabue Christopher H , Olson Samantha M , Petrie Joshua G , Ferdinands Jill M , Patel Manish M , Monto Arnold S ,   HAIVEN Study Investigators, Smith Emily , Bounds Kelsey , Calhoun Nicole , Smith Michael , Hawrylak Andrew , Ladogana Michael , Fernandez Joseph , Elieson Marc , Morrison James , Midturi John , McNeal Tresa , Arroliga Alejandro , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Balasubramani G K , Eng Heather , Dauer Klancie , Wyatt Dayna , Zhu Yuwei , Liu Zhouwen , Longmire Stephanie , Graves Kellie , Sedillo Emily , Simion Alina , Speer Karen , Alicie Bethany , Krantz Briana , Carillo Donna , Adams Laura , Drennan Amelia , Orga Jan , Peterson Lynn , Halasa Natasha , McHenry Rendi , Pulido Claudia Guevara , Lamerato Lois E , Malani Anurag , Lauring Adam , Malosh Ryan E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently compared with influenza. The Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) conducts studies on the etiology and characteristics of U.S. hospitalized adults with influenza. It began enrolling patients with COVID-19 hospitalizations in March 2020. Patients with influenza were compared with those with COVID-19 in the first months of the U.S. epidemic.

Methods
Adults aged ≥ 18 years admitted to hospitals in 4 sites with acute respiratory illness were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19. Demographic and illness characteristics were collected for influenza illnesses during 3 seasons 2016–2019. Similar data were collected on COVID-19 cases admitted before June 19, 2020.

Results
Age groups hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 914) were similar to those admitted with influenza (n = 1937); 80% of patients with influenza and 75% of patients with COVID-19 were aged ≥50 years. Deaths from COVID-19 that occurred in younger patients were less often related to underlying conditions. White non-Hispanic persons were overrepresented in influenza (64%) compared with COVID-19 hospitalizations (37%). Greater severity and complications occurred with COVID-19 including more ICU admissions (AOR = 15.3 [95% CI: 11.6, 20.3]), ventilator use (AOR = 15.6 [95% CI: 10.7, 22.8]), 7 additional days of hospital stay in those discharged alive, and death during hospitalization (AOR = 19.8 [95% CI: 12.0, 32.7]).

Conclusions
While COVID-19 can cause a respiratory illness like influenza, it is associated with significantly greater severity of illness, longer hospital stays, and higher in-hospital deaths.
Preliminary In Vivo Evidence of Reduced Synaptic Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Despite Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Weiss Julian J , Calvi Rachela , Naganawa Mika , Toyonaga Takuya , Farhadian Shelli F , Chintanaphol Michelle , Chiarella Jennifer , Zheng Ming-Qiang , Ropchan Jim , Huang Yiyun , Pietrzak Robert H , Carson Richard E , Spudich Serena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic injury is a pathological hallmark of neurological impairment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH), a common complication despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement of synaptic density in living humans may allow better understanding of HIV neuropathogenesis and provide a dynamic biomarker for therapeutic studies. We applied novel synaptic vesical protein 2A (SV2A) positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging to investigate synaptic density in the frontostriatalthalamic region in PLWH and HIV-uninfected participants.MethodsIn this cross-sectional pilot study,13 older male PLWH on ART underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET scanning with the SV2A ligand [11C]UCB-J with partial volume correction and had neurocognitive assessments. SV2A binding potential (BPND) in the frontostriatalthalamic circuit was compared to 13 age-matched HIV-uninfected participants and assessed with respect to neurocognitive performance in PLWH.ResultsPLWH had 14% lower frontostriatalthalamic SV2A synaptic density compared to HIV-uninfected (PLWH: mean [SD], 3.93 [0.80]; HIV-uninfected: 4.59 [0.43]; P = .02, effect size 1.02). Differences were observed in widespread additional regions in exploratory analyses. Higher frontostriatalthalamic SV2A BPND associated with better grooved pegboard performance, a measure of motor coordination, in PLWH (r = 0.61, P = .03).ConclusionsIn a pilot study, SV2A PET imaging reveals reduced synaptic density in older male PLWH on ART compared to HIV-uninfected in the frontostriatalthalamic circuit and other cortical areas. Larger studies controlling for factors in addition to age are needed to determine whether differences are attributable to HIV or comorbidities in PLWH. SV2A imaging is a promising biomarker for studies of neuropathogenesis and therapeutic interventions in HIV.
Field Survival of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on California Tree Crops
Authors: Stahl Judith M , Scaccini Davide , Daane Kent M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a polyphagous insect pest that has invaded much of the United States, including California. Despite model predictions that regions in California like the agriculturally important Central Valley are suitable, H. halys populations and the occurring crop damage are distinctly lower than in regions of the East Coast. To evaluate if this is due to low nymphal survival in the high temperature and intensive monoculture environment, H. halys nymphs were caged on four common Central Valley tree crops: almond, pistachio, peach, and grape, and compared to the well-established almond and pistachio pest Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Nymphal development showed that peach, almond, and pistachio can sustain H. halys as single host plants until adult eclosion, whereas grapes cannot. The addition of fruiting structures of almond, pistachio, and grape to H. halys caged on peach trees (= mixed diet) did not increase nymphal survival but did increase adult female size. Leptoglossus zonatus survival was higher than H. halys on pistachio, but not on the other crops. Overall, H. halys nymphal mortality in the field was high, with 92% in the mixed diet compared to 73% in the mixed diet control in the laboratory, indicating abiotic population pressures. Our results confirm peach as a good H. halys host plant and suggest that almond has a similar suitability, and while pistachios can support H. halys nymphal development, they seem less likely to facilitate population growth.
Stability of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in structurally diverse maize genomes
Authors: Noshay Jaclyn M , Liang Zhikai , Zhou Peng , Crisp Peter A , Marand Alexandre P , Hirsch Candice N , Schmitz Robert J , Springer Nathan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accessible chromatin and unmethylated DNA are associated with many genes and cis-regulatory elements. Attempts to understand natural variation for accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) and unmethylated regions (UMRs) often rely upon alignments to a single reference genome. This limits the ability to assess regions that are absent in the reference genome assembly and monitor how nearby structural variants influence variation in chromatin state. In this study, de novo genome assemblies for four maize inbreds (B73, Mo17, Oh43, and W22) are utilized to assess chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation patterns in a pan-genome context. A more complete set of UMRs and ACRs can be identified when chromatin data are aligned to the matched genome rather than a single reference genome. While there are UMRs and ACRs present within genomic regions that are not shared between genotypes, these features are 6- to 12-fold enriched within regions between genomes. Characterization of UMRs present within shared genomic regions reveals that most UMRs maintain the unmethylated state in other genotypes with only ∼5% being polymorphic between genotypes. However, the majority (71%) of UMRs that are shared between genotypes only exhibit partial overlaps suggesting that the boundaries between methylated and unmethylated DNA are dynamic. This instability is not solely due to sequence variation as these partially overlapping UMRs are frequently found within genomic regions that lack sequence variation. The ability to compare chromatin properties among individuals with structural variation enables pan-epigenome analyses to study the sources of variation for accessible chromatin and unmethylated DNA.
Zebrafish spinal cord oligodendrocyte formation requires boc function
Authors: Kearns Christina A , Walker Macie , Ravanelli Andrew M , Scott Kayt , Arzbecker Madeline R , Appel Bruce 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The axis of the vertebrate neural tube is patterned, in part, by a ventral to dorsal gradient of Shh signaling. In the ventral spinal cord, Shh induces concentration-dependent expression of transcription factors, subdividing neural progenitors into distinct domains that subsequently produce distinct neuronal and glial subtypes. In particular, progenitors of the pMN domain express the bHLH transcription factor Olig2 and produce motor neurons followed by oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cell type of the central nervous system. In addition to its role in patterning ventral progenitors, Shh signaling must be maintained through development to specify pMN progenitors for oligodendrocyte fate. Using a forward genetic screen in zebrafish for mutations that disrupt the development of oligodendrocytes, we identified a new mutant allele of boc, which encodes a type I transmembrane protein that functions as a coreceptor for Shh. Embryos homozygous for the bocco25 allele, which creates a missense mutation in a Fibronectin type III domain that binds Shh, have normally patterned spinal cords but fail to maintain pMN progenitors, resulting in a deficit of oligodendrocytes. Using a sensitive fluorescent detection method for in situ RNA hybridization, we found that spinal cord cells express boc in a graded fashion that is inverse to the gradient of Shh signaling activity and that boc function is necessary to maintain pMN progenitors by shaping the Shh signaling gradient.
Optimizing Dementia Care for Mexicans and for Mexican-Origin U.S. Residents
Authors: Angel Jacqueline L , Vega William A , Gutiérrez Robledo Luis Miguel , López-Ortega Mariana , Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond , Grasso Stephanie M , Rote Sunshine M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on the recommendations of a binational conference that examined the institutional capacities and future ability of Mexico and the United States to address the need for affordable and sustainable dementia care that results from growing older adult populations. These recommendations reflect the large difference in resources between the two nations and each country’s political and institutional capacity. Progress in both countries will require an expansion of programs or the generation of new ones, to meet the needs of older adults, including improving access to services and actively managing the dementia care burden. A comprehensive federal health care safety net will be required in both nations, but economic realities will constrain its implementation. Both nations suffer from a persistent shortage of geriatric primary care physicians and geriatricians, especially in rural areas. Advances in diagnosis, treatment, and care management require additional knowledge and skills of general and specialized staff in the health care workforce to deliver evidence-based, culturally and linguistically appropriate long-term care, and human rights-oriented services. We conclude with a discussion of recommendations for binational dementia care policy and practice.
Heme oxygenase-1 induction by heat shock in rat hepatoma cell line is regulated by the coordinated function of HSF1, NRF2 and BACH1
Authors: Akagi Reiko , Kubo Takanori , Hatori Yuta , Miyamoto Takafumi , Inouye Sachiye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction by heat shock (HS) loading remains unclear. Here, we investigated the contribution of transcription factors to HS-induced HO-1 expression, using a rat hepatoma cell line (H-4-II-E). Our results demonstrated that HS treatment resulted in a marked induction of HO-1. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a slight mismatch in the expression levels of HO-1 and HSP70 by HS among cells, suggesting a conflict between multiple induction mechanisms. We observed HS-induced nuclear localization of, not only phosphorylated HSF1 but also NRF2, which is a typical transcription factor activated by oxidative stress. HSF1 knockdown in H-4-II-E markedly reduced HO-1 induction by HS, while NRF2 knockdown resulted in a partial effect. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that HS loading resulted in significant binding of HSF1 to the HSE in the promoter proximal region of HO-1 gene and another HSE located close to the Maf recognition element (MARE) in the −4 kb upstream enhancer region 1, where NRF2 also bound, together with basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1, a negative transcription factor of HO-1. These observations indicate that HO-1 induction by HS is mainly mediated by HSF1 binding to the proximal HSE. NRF2 binding to MARE by HS is predominantly suppressed by an increased binding of BACH1.
In Patients With Lower Extremity Burns and Osteomyelitis, Diabetes Mellitus Increases Amputation Rate
Authors: Iles Kathleen A , Heisler Stephen , Chrisco Lori , King Booker , Williams Felicia N , Nizamani Rabia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the rate of radiologically confirmed osteomyelitis, extremity amputation, and healthcare utilization in both the diabetic and nondiabetic lower extremity burn populations to determine the impact of diabetes mellitus on these outcomes. The burn registry was used to identify all patients admitted to our tertiary burn center from 2014 to 2018. Only patients with lower extremity burns (foot and/or ankle) were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Of the 315 patients identified, 103 had a known diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and 212 did not. Seventeen patients were found to have osteomyelitis within three months of the burn injury. Fifteen of these patients had a history of diabetes. Notably, when nondiabetics were diagnosed with osteomyelitis, significant differences were observed in both length of stay and cost in comparison to their counterparts without osteomyelitis (36 vs 9 days; P = .0003; $226,289 vs $48,818, P = .0001). Eleven patients required an amputation and 10 (90.9%) of these patients had comorbid diabetes and documented diabetic neuropathy. Compared to nondiabetics, the diabetic cohort demonstrated both a higher average length of stay (13.7 vs 9.2 days, P-value = .0016) and hospitalization cost ($72,883 vs $50,500, P-value = .0058). Our findings highlight that diabetic patients with lower extremity burns are more likely to develop osteomyelitis than their nondiabetic counterparts and when osteomyelitis is present, diabetic patients have an increased amputation rate. Further study is required to develop protocols to treat this population, with the specific goal of minimizing patient morbidity and optimizing healthcare utilization.