bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical Management of Blister-Type Basilar Artery Apex Region Aneurysms: Companion Cases Demonstrate Technical Nuances of the Subtemporal Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Howard Brian M , Barrow Daniel L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The proportion of intracranial aneurysms treated by microsurgical clip ligation has drastically decreased in the endovascular era. However, some aneurysms cannot be treated by current endovascular techniques. Therefore, trainees and young vascular neurosurgeons must develop and maintain microsurgical skills to safely treat aneurysms that require surgery. Ruptured, basilar artery apex, blister-type aneurysms are particularly treacherous and require a high degree of skill to safely manage them surgically. In this video, 2 companion cases are exhibited to demonstrate the nuances of the subtemporal, skull base, approach to the basilar apex region. In each case, the patient consented to surgery and anonymized recording. The subtemporal approach is favored over the trans-sylvian for posteriorly directed basilar apex region aneurysms as the former affords a complete view of the relevant anatomy. Points for consideration include variations on the standard subtemporal approach, use of retractors vs lumbar drainage to mobilize the temporal lobe, and splitting the tentorium vs a suture-retraction technique for visualization of the basilar artery apex region. Techniques for successful navigation of intraoperative rupture are demonstrated. As the number of intracranial aneurysms treated by microsurgery continues to ebb, high-quality educational videos that supplement surgeon experience will become increasingly critical to ensure that a cohort of capable microvascular neurosurgeons is prepared to tackle challenging, but manageable aneurysms, such as the blister-type basilar apex variety. Video (c) Emory University School of Medicine, 2021. Used with permission.
Microsurgical Resection of Dorsal Pontine Cavernous Malformation: The Telovelar Approach Augmented by the Tonsillouvular Fissure Exposure: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Patra Devi P , Turcotte Evelyn L , Bendok Bernard R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surgical approaches to lesions of the fourth ventricle (FV) have been modified over the years to reduce the complications associated with splitting the inferior cerebellar vermis (ICV) and disrupting the brainstem and critical surrounding structures.
1-4
Two common approaches to lesions of this region include the transvermian approach (TVA) and telovelar approach (TeVA).
2
The TVA was initially considered the conventional route of access to lesions of the FV
1
but has been associated with significant risks, including possible gait ataxia and dysarthria.
3
The TeVA is advantageous, as it involves dissection along natural clefts and division of non-neural tissue and provides good exposure of the superolateral recess with modest exposure of the rostral FV. The TeVA approach can be augmented by opening the tonsilouvular fissures (TUFs). This added dissection allows greater lateral and superior exposure with less need for retraction.
In this operative video, we demonstrate a case in which we augmented the TeVA with a TUF dissection to access a dorsal pontine cavernous malformation. We performed a midline suboccipital craniotomy with a C1 posterior laminectomy. TUF dissection was followed by division of the tela choroidea (TC), which allowed for more lateral exposure of the FV and excellent visualization of the cavernous malformation without the need to traverse neural tissue. TeVA augmented by TUF dissection provided adequate access to the dorsal pons for complete resection of the cavernous malformation.
The patient consented to the procedure as shown in this operative video and gave informed written consent for use of her images in publication.
Anatomic images provided by courtesy of © The Rhoton Collection. http://rhoton.ineurodb.org/.
Video © Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2021. Used with permission.
Mechanical Thrombectomy of Carotid Terminus Occlusion Using Direct Aspiration Technique—Video Illustration: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Al Kasab Sami , Sattur Mithun , Porto Guilherme , Spiotta Alejandro M ,   ENRG Group, Arthur Adam , Bain Mark , Bendock Bernard , Jo Binning Mandy , Boulos Alan S , Crowley Webster , Fessler Richard , Grande Andrew , Guterman Lee , Hanel Ricardo , Hoit Daniel , Hopkins L Nelson , Howington Jay , James Robert , Jankowitz Brian , Kan Peter , Khalessi Alex A , Kim Louis , Langer David , Lanzino Giuseppe , Levitt Michael , Levy Elad I , Lopes Demetrius , Mack William , Mericle Robert , Mocco J , Ogilvy Chris , Pandey Aditya , Replogle Robert , Riina Howard , Ringer Andrew , Rodriguez Rafael , Saugaveau Eric , Schirmer Clemens , Siddiqui Adnan H , Spiotta Alex , Sultan Ali , Tawk Rabih , Thomas Ajith , Turner Raymond , Veznedaroglu Erol , Welch Babu , White Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute carotid terminus occlusion (CTO) is responsible for up to 5% of acute ischemic strokes secondary to emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) and up to 20% of acute internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusions.
1
The term “CTO” has also been used to describe occlusions in the supra-clinoid segment or at the bifurcation of the ICA. Compared to other ELVOs, patients with CTO present with higher stroke severity and larger infarct volume, likely to be a result of disruption of direct Circle of Willis collaterals across the anterior communicating artery (AComA) and posterior communicating artery (PComA).
2,3

Similary, CTO is usually associated with worse prognosis compared to other ELVOs in general. With regard to response to treatment, previous studies have reported significantly lower recanalization rates with intravenous alteplase with CTO compared to M1 segment occlusion. With regard to the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy, prior reports provide conflicting results with some reporting lower successful recanalization rates with CTO compared to M1 occlusion, and others reporting similar results. In our experience, we have found that successful recanalization of CTO can be achieved with a similar approach to M1 occlusions utilizing a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT).
3,4
Herein, we present a case of CTO for which we performed mechanical thrombectomy using ADAPT. This procedure was an emergent standard of care procedure for which a consent was not required and so not obtained.
Intraoperative Cochlear Nerve Monitoring for Vestibular Schwannoma Resection and Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation in Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Case Series
Authors: Butler Margaret J , Wick Cameron C , Shew Matthew A , Chicoine Michael R , Ortmann Amanda J , Vance Janet , Buchman Craig A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) often results in profound hearing loss and cochlear implantation is an emerging hearing rehabilitation option. However, cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in this population vary, and intraoperative monitoring to predict cochlear nerve viability and subsequent outcomes is not well-established.

OBJECTIVE
To review the use of intraoperative electrically evoked cochlear nerve monitoring in patients with NF2 simultaneous translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection and cochlear implantation.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of 3 patients with NF2 that underwent simultaneous TL VS resection and cochlear implantation with electrical auditory brainstem response (eABR) measured throughout tumor resection. Patient demographics, preoperative assessments, surgical procedures, and outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS
Patients 1 and 3 had a reliable eABR throughout tumor removal. Patient 2 had eABR pretumor removal, but post-tumor removal eABR presence could not be reliably determined because of electrical artifact interference. All patients achieved auditory percepts upon CI activation. Patients 1 and 2 experienced a decline in CI performance after 1 yr and after 3 mo, respectively. Patient 3 continues to perform well at 9 mo. Patients 2 and 3 are daily users of their CI.

CONCLUSION
Cochlear implantation is attainable in cases of NF2-associated VS resection. Intraoperative eABR may facilitate cochlear nerve preservation during tumor removal, though more data and long-term outcomes are needed to refine eABR methodology and predictive value for this population.
An ABHD17-like hydrolase screening system to identify de-S-acylation enzymes of protein substrates in plant cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoshi , Li Min , Li Yang , Chen Zian , Zhuge Chun , Ouyang Youwei , Zhao Yawen , Lin Yuxin , Xie Qi , Yang Chengwei , Lai Jianbin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Protein S-acylation is an important post-translational modification in eukaryotes, regulating the subcellular localization, trafficking, stability, and activity of substrate proteins. The dynamic regulation of this reversible modification is mediated inversely by protein S-acyltransferases and de-S-acylation enzymes, but the de-S-acylation mechanism remains unclear in plant cells. Here, we characterized a group of putative protein de-S-acylation enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana, including 11 members of Alpha/Beta Hydrolase Domain-containing Protein 17-like acyl protein thioesterases (ABAPTs). A robust system was then established for the screening of de-S-acylation enzymes of protein substrates in plant cells, based on the effects of substrate localization and confirmed via the protein S-acylation levels. Using this system, the ABAPTs, which specifically reduced the S-acylation levels and disrupted the plasma membrane localization of five immunity-related proteins, were identified respectively in Arabidopsis. Further results indicated that the de-S-acylation of RPM1-Interacting Protein 4, which was mediated by ABAPT8, resulted in an increase of cell death in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana, supporting the physiological role of the ABAPTs in plants. Collectively, our current work provides a powerful and reliable system to identify the pairs of plant protein substrates and de-S-acylation enzymes for further studies on the dynamic regulation of plant protein S-acylation.
A mutation in a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor contributed to the transition toward self-pollination in cultivated tomato
Authors: Shang Lele , Song Jianwen , Yu Huiyang , Wang Xin , Yu Chuying , Wang Ying , Li Fangman , Lu Yongen , Wang Taotao , Ouyang Bo , Zhang Junhong , Larkin Robert M , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Yuyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The degree of stigma exsertion has a major influence on self-pollination efficiency in tomato, and its improvement is essential for raising productivity and for fixing advantageous traits in cultivated tomato. To study the evolution of stigma exsertion degree in tomato, we searched for genes associated with this trait and other aspects of flower morphology, including the lengths of anthers, styles, and ovaries. We performed a genome-wide association on 277 tomato accessions and discovered a novel stigma exsertion gene (SE3.1). We reannotated the structure of the gene, which encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor. A mutation of the lead single nucleotide polymorphism creates a premature termination codon in SE3.1 and an inserted stigma in cultivated tomatoes. SE3.1 is essential for the conversion of flush stigmas to inserted stigmas. This conversion has a major impact on the rate of self-fertilization. Intriguingly, we found that both SE3.1 and Style2.1 contribute to the transition from stigma exsertion to insertion during the domestication and improvement of tomato. Style2.1 controls the first step of exserted stigmas to flush stigmas, and SE3.1 controls the second step of flush stigmas to inserted stigmas. We provide molecular details for the two-step process that controls the transition from stigma exsertion to insertion, which is of great agronomic importance in tomato.
Identifying the Most Important Confounders When Assessing the Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Musculoskeletal Pain: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Koop Meghan A , Lutke Schipholt Ivo J , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne G M , Coppieters Michel W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
The association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain may be influenced by multiple factors. However, little is known about the relative importance of these factors, and few studies account for them. This Delphi study aimed to reach consensus on the most important confounders which influence the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain.

Methods
The panel consisted of 48 experts. In Round 1, the experts proposed what they believed were important confounders. In Round 2, the experts indicated for each confounder whether they believed it was important (yes/no). At least 50% of experts had to indicate the confounder was important to be considered in the final round. In Round 3, the experts rated the importance of each confounder on a 7-point Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of the experts considered the factor either extremely or moderately important.

Results
In Round 1, 120 confounders were proposed, which were synthesized into 38 distinct factors. In Round 2, 33 confounders met the criterion to be considered important. In Round 3, consensus was reached for 14 confounders: acute illness/trauma, immune disease, medication use, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease, other musculoskeletal conditions, age, handling of blood samples, sex, cancer, body composition, pregnancy, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and pain characteristics.

Conclusions
These findings provide insight in the complexity of the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and musculoskeletal pain. Some factors currently listed as confounders may be re-classified as moderators or mediators as insights progress.
Dynamic alterations of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with chronic neck pain
Authors: Zhang Jiabao , Xu Tao , Wang Linjia , Chen Dan , Gong Lisha , Chen Huafu , Yu Jiali , Zhao Ling , Gao Qing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The pathogenesis of neck pain in the brain, which is the fourth most common cause of disability, remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the characteristics of dynamic local functional brain activity in cervical pain.

Objective
The present study aimed to investigate the changes of local brain activity caused by chronic neck pain and the factors leading to neck pain.

Methods
Using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) method combined with sliding window approach, we compared local brain activity that was measured by the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 107 patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) with that of 57 healthy control participants. Five pathogenic factors were selected for correlation analysis.

Results
The group comparison results of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) variability showed that patients with CNP exhibited decreased dALFF variability in the left inferior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, the angular gyrus, the inferior parietal marginal angular gyrus, and the middle occipital gyrus. The abnormal dALFF variability of the left inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the average daily working hours of patients with neck pain.

Conclusions
The findings indicated that the brain regions of patients with CNP responsible for audition, vision, memory, and emotion were subjected to temporal variability of abnormal regional brain activity. Moreover, the dALFF variability in the left inferior temporal gyrus might be a risk factor for neck pain.
This study revealed the brain dysfunction of patients with CNP from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity, and highlighted the important role of dALFF variability in understanding the neural mechanism of CNP.
Recent progress in treatments of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of developments in biologics and small molecules, and remaining unmet needs
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough treatment with biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs) such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in addition to MTX, clinical remission has become a realistic therapeutic goal for the majority of patients with RA, and sustained remission facilitates prevention of joint damage and physical dysfunction. Long-term safety and sustained inhibition of structural changes and physical dysfunction by bDMARDs have been reported. The development of next-generation bDMARDs and expansion of their indications to various autoimmune diseases are expected. Five JAK inhibitors show comparable efficacy to bDMARDs, and the latest ones are effective for overcoming difficult-to-treat RA regardless of prior medications. Patients treated with JAK inhibitors should be adequately screened and monitored for infection, cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis, malignancies and so on. Advances in therapeutic strategies, including the differential use of therapeutic drugs and de-escalation of treatment after remission induction, are prioritized.
Stress and sleep across the onset of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: impact of distance learning on US college students’ health trajectories
Authors: Gusman Michaela S , Grimm Kevin J , Cohen Adam B , Doane Leah D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study examined associations between average and intraindividual trajectories of stress, sleep duration, and sleep quality in college students before, during, and after transitioning to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-four first-year college students answered twice-weekly questionnaires assessing stress exposure and perception, sleep duration, and sleep quality from January until May, 2020 (N = 4269 unique observations).

Results
Multilevel growth modeling revealed that prior to distance learning, student stress was increasing and sleep duration and quality were decreasing. After transitioning online, students’ stress exposure and perception trajectories immediately and continuously decreased; sleep quality initially increased but decreased over time; and sleep duration increased but then plateaued for the remainder of the semester. Days with higher stress exposure than typical for that student were associated with lower sleep quality, and both higher stress exposure and perception at the transition were linked with simultaneous lower sleep quality. Specific groups (eg, females) were identified as at-risk for stress and sleep problems.

Conclusions
Although transitioning to remote learning initially alleviated college students’ stress and improved sleep, these effects plateaued, and greater exposure to academic, financial, and interpersonal stressors predicted worse sleep quality on both daily and average levels. Environmental stressors may particularly dictate sleep quality during times of transition, but adaptations in learning modalities may help mitigate short-term detrimental health outcomes during global emergencies, even during a developmental period with considerable stress vulnerability. Future studies should examine longer-term implications of these trajectories on mental and physical health.
Multiple convergences in the evolutionary history of the testate amoeba family Arcellidae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Sphaerothecina): when the ecology rules the morphology
Authors: González-Miguéns Rubén , Soler-Zamora Carmen , Villar-Depablo Mar , Todorov Milcho , Lara Enrique 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Protists are probably the most species-rich eukaryotes, yet their systematics are inaccurate, leading to an underestimation of their actual diversity. Arcellinida (= lobose testate amoebae) are amoebozoans that build a test (a hard shell) whose shape and composition are taxonomically informative. One of the most successful groups is Arcellidae, a family found worldwide in many freshwater and terrestrial environments where they are indicators of environmental quality. However, the systematics of the family is based on works published nearly a century ago. We re-evaluated the systematics based on single-cell barcoding, morphological and ecological data. Overall, test shape appears to be more related to environmental characteristics than to the species’ phylogenetic position. We show several convergences in organisms with similar ecology, some traditionally described species being paraphyletic. Based on conservative traits, we review the synapomorphies of the infraorder Sphaerothecina, compile a list of synonyms and describe a new genus Galeripora, with five new combinations. Seven new species: Arcella guadarramensis sp. nov., Galeripora balari sp. nov., Galeripora bufonipellita sp. nov., Galeripora galeriformis sp. nov., Galeripora naiadis sp. nov., Galeripora sitiens sp. nov. andGaleripora succelli sp. nov. are also described here.
Statistical Development and Validation of Clinical Prediction Models
Authors: Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Clinical prediction models in anesthesia and surgery research have many clinical applications including preoperative risk stratification with implications for clinical utility in decision-making, resource utilization, and costs. It is imperative that predictive algorithms and multivariable models are validated in a suitable and comprehensive way in order to establish the robustness of the model in terms of accuracy, predictive ability, reliability, and generalizability. The purpose of this article is to educate anesthesia researchers at an introductory level on important statistical concepts involved with development and validation of multivariable prediction models for a binary outcome. Methods covered include assessments of discrimination and calibration through internal and external validation. An anesthesia research publication is examined to illustrate the process and presentation of multivariable prediction model development and validation for a binary outcome. Properly assessing the statistical and clinical validity of a multivariable prediction model is essential for reassuring the generalizability and reproducibility of the published tool.
Part 2: Theoretical Intakes of Modern-Day Paleo Diets
Authors: Karlsen Micaela C. , Livingston Kara A. , Agoulnik Dasha , Miki Akari , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Gilhooly Cheryl H. , Folta Sara C. , Economos Christina D. , McKeown Nicola M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The Paleo diet is a popular dietary pattern based on interpretation of evolutionary diets.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the relative dietary quality of theoretical, modern-day Paleo meal plans, in comparison with national nutrition guidance.

Methods
This analysis used data from the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste survey. Survey respondents who self-identified as following a Paleo diet (N = 925) reported their top sources of food and nutrition information, and a random sample (n = 200) were selected for analysis. Five days of theoretical meal plans identified from each of the top 6 sources cited by Paleo participants (for a total of 30 days of meal plans) as well as 21 days of theoretical MyPlate meal plans, were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Food and nutrient levels of Paleo meal plans were compared with the Dietary References Intakes and MyPlate meal plans.

Results
Paleo meal plans contain no identifiable refined grains or added sugars and have higher fruit and vegetable intakes than MyPlate meal plans. However, Paleo meal plans exceeded recommended levels of saturated fat (19% kcal/day), resulting in low unsaturated-saturated fat ratios, and did not meet the Dietary References Intakes for total carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, and potassium.

Conclusion
Although certain aspects of promoted Paleo meal plans offer improvements over typical American intakes, Paleo diets should be approached with caution, particularly because of the potential for increased cardiovascular risk owing to low unsaturated/saturated fat ratios. Future research should compare actual intakes with theoretical targets.