bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of politicians and electoral system. Evidence from a quasi-experimental design for Italian cities
Authors: De Benedetto Marco Alberto , D’Agostino Elena , Sobbrio Giuseppe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the effect of the electoral system (single-ballot vs runoff) on the quality of politicians, measured by the average educational attainment, at the local level in Italy over the period 1994–2017. By exploiting the discontinuous voting rule shift nearby the 15,000 population cut-off, we have implemented a RDD and found that the change in the electoral scheme leads to an overall downward variation in the educational attainment of local politicians by about 2 % compared to years of schooling of politicians in municipalities just below the cut-off. Findings are similar when we separately focus on the educational attainment of mayors and councilors, and when we use alternative measures of quality of politicians related both to the previous occupation and to previous political experience. However, different confounding policies related to the voting scheme change at the cut-off. We show that the negative effect is not directly related to the way politicians are elected (runoff vs single-ballot scheme) but to the number of lists supporting the mayoral candidates: in municipalities below 15,000 inhabitants candidates running for mayor are supported only by one single list, whereas above the cut-off mayoral candidates might be supported by more lists. Overall, we speculate that the negative impact produced by the treatment on the educational attainment of local politicians is explained by the different selection process of candidates adopted by political parties, rather than by voters’ preferences toward low-skilled politicians.
Research data management in clinical neuroscience: the national research data infrastructure initiative
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Ritter Petra , Brodoehl Stefan , Gaser Christian , Scherag André , Güllmar Daniel , Rosenow Felix , Ziemann Ulf , Witte Otto W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In clinical neuroscience, there are considerable difficulties in translating basic research into clinical applications such as diagnostic tools or therapeutic interventions. This gap, known as the “valley of death,” was mainly attributed to the problem of “small numbers” in clinical neuroscience research, i.e. sample sizes that are too small (Hutson et al., 2017). As a possible solution, it has been repeatedly suggested to systematically manage research data to provide long-term storage, accessibility, and federate data. This goal is supported by a current call of the DFG for a national research data infrastructure (NFDI). This article will review current challenges and possible solutions specific to clinical neuroscience and discuss them in the context of other national and international health data initiatives. A successful NFDI consortium will help to overcome not only the “valley of death” but also promises a path to individualized medicine by enabling big data to produce generalizable results based on artificial intelligence and other methods.
Revealing grain coarsening and detwinning in bimodal Cu under tension
Authors: Liu Silu , Zhao Yonghao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metals with a bimodal grain size distribution have been found to have both high strength and good ductility. However, the coordinated deformation mechanisms underneath the ultrafine-grains (UFGs) and coarse grains (CGs) still remain undiscovered yet. In present work, a bimodal Cu with 80% volume fraction of recrystallized micro-grains was prepared by the annealing of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) processed ultrafine grained Cu at 473 K for 40 min. The bimodal Cu has an optimal strength-ductility combination (yield strength of 220 MPa and ductility of 34%), a larger shear fracture angle of 83° and a larger area reduction of 78% compared with the as-ECAPed UFG Cu (yield strength of 410 MPa, ductility of 16%, shear fracture angle of 70°, area reduction of 69%). Grain refinement of recrystallized micro-grains and detwinning of annealing growth twins were observed in the fractured bimodal Cu tensile specimen. The underlying deformation mechanisms for grain refinement and detwinning were analyzed and discussed.
The normalized distance Laplacian
Authors: Reinhart Carolyn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The distance matrix 𝒟(G) of a connected graph G is the matrix containing the pairwise distances between vertices. The transmission of a vertex vi in G is the sum of the distances from vi to all other vertices and T(G) is the diagonal matrix of transmissions of the vertices of the graph. The normalized distance Laplacian, 𝒟𝒧(G) = I−T(G)−1/2 𝒟(G)T(G)−1/2, is introduced. This is analogous to the normalized Laplacian matrix, 𝒧(G) = I − D(G)−1/2
A(G)D(G)−1/2, where D(G) is the diagonal matrix of degrees of the vertices of the graph and A(G) is the adjacency matrix. Bounds on the spectral radius of 𝒟 𝒧 and connections with the normalized Laplacian matrix are presented. Twin vertices are used to determine eigenvalues of the normalized distance Laplacian. The distance generalized characteristic polynomial is defined and its properties established. Finally, 𝒟𝒧-cospectrality and lack thereof are determined for all graphs on 10 and fewer vertices, providing evidence that the normalized distance Laplacian has fewer cospectral pairs than other matrices.
Further generalization of symmetric multiplicity theory to the geometric case over a field
Authors: Cinzori Isaac , Johnson Charles R. , Lang Hannah , Saiago Carlos M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using the recent geometric Parter-Wiener, etc. theorem and related results, it is shown that much of the multiplicity theory developed for real symmetric matrices associated with paths and generalized stars remains valid for combinatorially symmetric matrices over a field. A characterization of generalized stars in the case of combinatorially symmetric matrices is given.
Block circulant matrices and the spectra of multivariate stationary sequences
Authors: Bolla Marianna , Szabados Tamás , Baranyi Máté , Abdelkhalek Fatma 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Given a weakly stationary, multivariate time series with absolutely summable autocovariances, asymptotic relation is proved between the eigenvalues of the block Toeplitz matrix of the first n autocovariances and the union of spectra of the spectral density matrices at the n Fourier frequencies, as n → ∞. For the proof, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of block circulant matrices are used. The proved theorem has important consequences as for the analogies between the time and frequency domain calculations. In particular, the complex principal components are used for low-rank approximation of the process; whereas, the block Cholesky decomposition of the block Toeplitz matrix gives rise to dimension reduction within the innovation subspaces. The results are illustrated on a financial time series.
Asymptotic Inference for Optimal Rerandomization Designs
Authors: Schultzberg Mårten , Johansson Per 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently a computational-based experimental design strategy called rerandomization has been proposed as an alternative or complement to traditional blocked designs. The idea of rerandomization is to remove, from consideration, those allocations with large imbalances in observed covariates according to a balance criterion, and then randomize within the set of acceptable allocations. Based on the Mahalanobis distance criterion for balancing the covariates, we show that asymptotic inference to the population, from which the units in the sample are randomly drawn, is possible using only the set of best, or ‘optimal’, allocations. Finally, we show that for the optimal and near optimal designs, the quite complex asymptotic sampling distribution derived by Li et al. (2018), is well approximated by a normal distribution.
Remarks on axion-electrodynamics
Authors: Bruce Stanley A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a simple generalization of axion-electrodynamics (A-ED) for the general case in which both scalar and pseudoscalar axion-like fields are present in the (scalar) Lagrangian of the system. We make some remarks on the problem of finding solutions to the differential equations of motion characterizing the propagation of coupled axion fields and electromagnetic (EM) waves. Our primary goal (which is not explored here) is to understand and predict novel phenomena that have no counterpart in pseudoscalar A-ED. With this end in view, we discuss on very general grounds possible processes related to scalar (and pseudoscalar) axions, e.g., the Primakoff effect; the Compton scattering; and, notably, the EM two-photon axion decay.
A highly efficient and green approach for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines using N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium chloride
Authors: Zare Abdolkarim , Dianat Manije 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A highly efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines has been described. The one-pot multicomponent reaction of dimedone with arylaldehydes and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil in the presence of N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium chloride ([Et3N–SO3H][Cl]) as an ionic liquid (IL) catalyst under solvent-free conditions afforded the mentioned compounds in high yields and short reaction times. Our protocol is superior to many of the reported protocols in terms of two or more of these factors: the reaction times, yields, conditions (solvent-free versus usage of organic solvents), temperature and catalyst amount.
Interaction of sulphone based reactive dyes with cationic surfactant: a spectroscopic and conductometric study
Authors: Iram Misbah , Sultana Hamadia , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Bazgha , Akram Nadia , Siddiq Muhammad , Rashid Sadaf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Interaction of sulphone based reactive dyes, designated as dye-1 and dye-2, with cationic micellar system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), has been investigated by spectroscopic and conductometeric measurements. Efficiency of the selected micellar systems is assessed by the values of binding constant (K

b
), partition coefficient (K

x
) and respective Gibbs energies. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactant, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions as well as polarity of the medium plays significant role in this phenomenon. The negative values of Gibbs energies of binding (∆G
b
) and partition (∆G
p
) predicts the feasibility and spontaneity of respective processes. Similarly negative values of ∆G
m
and ∆H
m
and positive values of ∆S
m

, calculated from conductometeric data, further, revealed the exothermicity, spontaneity and, thus, stability of system. The results, herein, have disclosed the strong interaction between dye and surfactant molecules. The dye-2 has been observed to be solubilized to greater extent, as compared to dye 1, due to strong interaction ith hydrophiles of CTAB and accommodation of its molecules in palisade layer of micelle closer to the micelle/water interface.
Transient deSUMOylation of IRF2BP proteins controls early transcription in EGFR signaling
Authors: Barysch Sina V , Stankovic‐Valentin Nicolas , Miedema Tim , Karaca Samir , Doppel Judith , Nait Achour Thiziri , Vasudeva Aarushi , Wolf Lucie , Sticht Carsten , Urlaub Henning , Melchior Frauke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMolecular switches are essential modules in signaling networks and transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we describe a role for small ubiquitin‐related modifier SUMO as a molecular switch in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we compare the endogenous SUMO proteomes of HeLa cells before and after EGF stimulation. Thereby, we identify a small group of transcriptional coregulators including IRF2BP1, IRF2BP2, and IRF2BPL as novel players in EGFR signaling. Comparison of cells expressing wild type or SUMOylation‐deficient IRF2BP1 indicates that transient deSUMOylation of IRF2BP proteins is important for appropriate expression of immediate early genes including dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1, MKP‐1) and the transcription factor ATF3. We find that IRF2BP1 is a repressor, whose transient deSUMOylation on the DUSP1 promoter allows—and whose timely reSUMOylation restricts—DUSP1 transcription. Our work thus provides a paradigm how comparative SUMO proteome analyses serve to reveal novel regulators in signal transduction and transcription.
High Yield Dihydroxystearic Acid (DHSA) Based on Kinetic Model from Epoxidized Palm Oil
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Ismail Kamariah Noor , Hidayu Abdul Rani , Hassan Mohamad Hasni , Azmi Intan Suhada , Yamin Aliff Farhan Bin Mohd , Kamal Khairul Azhar 
Published: January 2021

In recent years, studies related to the epoxidation of fatty acids have garnered much interest due to the rising demand for eco-friendly epoxides derived from vegetable oils. From the epoxidation reaction, there is a side reaction involving epoxide and water. This reaction produces a by-product – dihydroxystearic acid (C&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;36&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, DHSA). DHSA is one of the chemical precursors in the production of cosmetic products. Therefore, a kinetic model was developed to determine the optimised epoxidation process and concentration of DHSA, where each of the reactions was identified. The kinetic rate, &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; parameters obtained were: &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt; = 6.6442, &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt; = 11.0185, &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;21&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.1026 for epoxidation palm oleic acid, and &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;41&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0021, &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;51&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0142 in degradation process. The minimum error of the simulation was 0.0937. In addition, DHSA yield optimisation was done through Taguchi method, and the optimum conditions obtained were H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/oleic acid – OA unsaturation molar ratio 1 : 1 (level 2), formic acid – FA/OA unsaturation molar ratio 0.5 : 1 (level 1), temperature 35 °C (level 1), and agitation speed 100 rpm (level 1). A high yield of DHSA can be achieved under these conditions.
Plasma levels of glucagon but not GLP-1 are elevated in response to inflammation in humans
Authors: Modrzynska Justyna , Klein Christine F , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Hartmann Bolette , Mose Maike , Rittig Nikolaj , Møller Niels , Holst Jens J , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) originate from the common precursor, proglucagon, and their plasma concentrations have been reported to be increased during inflammatory conditions. Increased blood glucose levels are frequently observed in septic patients, and therefore we hypothesized that glucagon, but not GLP-1, is increased in individuals with inflammation.

Design
Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Materials and methods
We measured glucagon and GLP-1 in plasma sampled consecutively in three cohorts consisting of patients with infective endocarditis (n = 16), urosepsis (n = 28) and post-operative inflammation following percutaneous aortic valve implantation or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (n = 5). Correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, and glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations were investigated. Additionally, glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations were measured after a bolus infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/kg) in nine healthy young males.

Results
Glucagon and CRP were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.27; P = 0.0003), whereas no significant association between GLP-1 and CRP was found (r = 0.08, P = 0.30). LPS infusion resulted in acute systemic inflammation reflected by increased temperature, pulse, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and concomitantly increased concentrations of glucagon (P < 0.05) but not GLP-1.

Conclusions
Systemic inflammation caused by bacterial infections or developed as a non-infected condition is associated with increased plasma concentration of glucagon, but not GLP-1. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the impaired glucose control in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases.
Safety and efficacy of a iota-carrageenan nasal spray in treatment and prevention of the common cold
Authors: Bichiri Diana , Rente Ana Rita , Jesus Ângelo 
Published: January 2021

The common cold is one of the most frequent viral infections in humans. Although benign, its symptoms result in economic burden and can lead to severe or even fatal complications in children, elderly and groups with comorbidities. The main purpose of the treatment is the relief of symptoms; however, the medication is often associated with adverse effects. Iota-carrageenan is a polysaccharide that reveals antiviral activity by binding to viruses, inhibiting its replications and, consequently, its viral propagation. This systematic review of the literature aims to compare the effectiveness of an iota-carrageenan nasal spray to placebo. This systematic review was conducted through research in Cochrane Database, PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Oxford Journals, Elsevier, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online Library, Embase databases, in order to collect randomized and controlled clinical trials. In total, the research provided four articles regarding clinical trials for comparing iota-carrageenan nasal spray with placebo. The results show it has potent antiviral activity compared to placebo and a favorable safety profile. Although further research is needed, the concept of a physical barrier capable of reducing viral penetration of epithelial cells in the nasal mucosa is appealing, and could lead to alternative approaches, with positive impact on global health.
Peran Pemimpin dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Wahyudi Digit Eka , Rahman Arif , Herman Herman 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the leader policy in BAZNAS Karawang in improving employee performance. To find out the implementation of leadership in BAZNAS Karawang. And to find out the leadership evaluation at BAZNAS Karawang. This study included qualitative research using descriptive methods. Data collection used was interviews, observation and documentation. For research subjects, the chairman of BAZNAS Karawang and his staff. The results found in this study are that the BAZNAS leaders in Karawang have been able to make their employees continue to improve their performance, performance improvements are formed through general and specific policies that are made so that employees remain disciplined, besides implementing leadership by making training, creating harmonious situation, giving awards and also emphasizing the motivation of worship makes the employees not only capable in working but also loyal to BAZNAS so work by wholeheartedly, and through the evaluation made all the mistakes that have occurred can be minimized in the future.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kebijakan pemimpin di BAZNAS Karawang dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Untuk mengetahui implementasi kepemimpinan di BAZNAS Karawang. Dan Untuk mengetahui evaluasi kepemimpinan di BAZNAS Karawang. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Untuk subyek penelitian adalah ketua BAZNAS Karawang beserta staffnya. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa pemimpin BAZNAS Karawang telah mampu menjadikan para pegawainya untuk terus meningkatkan kinerjanya, peningkatan kinerja tersebut dibentuk melalui kebijakan umum dan spesifik yang dibuatnya agar para pegawai tetap disiplin, selain itu mengimplementasikan kepemimpinannya dengan cara membuat membuat pelatihan, menciptakan situasi harmonis, memberikan penghargaan dan juga menekankan motivasi ibadah menjadikan para pegawai tidak hanya mumpuni dalam bekerja namun juga loyal terhadap BAZNAS sehingga bekerja dengan sepenuh hati, dan melalui evaluasi yang diadakannya menjadikan segala kesalahan yang pernah terjadi dapat diminimalisir untuk kedepannya.
Domestikasi Ruang dalam Durga Umayi: Melampaui Nation, Menuju “Tubuh Politis”
Authors: Fawaid Achmad 
Published: January 2021

This paper aim to show the "spatial politics" strategy done by Mangunwijaya in Durga Umayi (1991). Spatiality was formed through the character of a female figure, Iin Sulinda Pertiwi Nusamusbida, who continuously created tension and contestation towards the 'ideal home' (place) imagined by the state. Mangunwijaya deconstructed and dominated places by offering scale reversal and exceeding the idea (geographical) of the nation through magical realism, domestic space, travel, and the body.
Evaluation of the esthetic results of dental restoration using the interdisciplinary approach to orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with aedentia
Authors: Yumashev A. V. , Dzalaeva Fatima K. , Chikunov S. O. , Utyuzh A. S. , Dzhagaeva Z. K. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To study the dynamics of esthetic indicators during orthopedic dental treatment of patients requiring full-mouth rehabilitation.
Materials and methods. Within the study, an examination and treatment of 647 patients with adentia requiring full-mouth rehabilitation were carried out. Patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (218 people), the treatment with standard orthopedic dentistry techniques was performed. The medical care of the second group (195 people) included only several elements of the multidisciplinary approach, while for the third group (234 people), only the interdisciplinary approach was applied. The monitoring of involved patients was carried out for seven years.
Results. The application of the developed integrated multidisciplinary approach to orthopedic rehabilitation contributes to the fact that patients with adentia have a more favorable dynamics of esthetic indicators in relation to those who underwent a standard complex of treatment and rehabilitation measures. Thus, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the number of patients with the vertical shift of the smile line; smile asymmetry; gingival displacement; the impaired position of the incisors and fangs; mispronunciation of F and S sounds; inaccurate buccal tube placement; negative changes in the visualization of central incisors under the red border of the lips; differences in the size of the upper and lower central incisors; inadequate proximal contacts; and the inclination of the lower incisors.
Conclusions. The use of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with adentia requiring full-mouth rehabilitation contributes to the constant improvement of aesthetic characteristics of the maxillofacial area.
Treatment of suprascapular neuropathy
Authors: Orletskii Anatoly K. , Timchenko Dmitriy O. , Gordeev Nikolay A. , Krylov Sergey V. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of patients with neuropathy of the suprascapular nerve.
Materials and methods. In the department of sports and ballet injury of CITO them N.N. Priorov in 20132014 11 arthroscopic decompression of the supramandular nerve were performed. All patients underwent radiography and MRI of the shoulder joint and electroneuromyography of the brachial plexus.
Results. After decompression, all patients underwent repeated electroneuromyography 2 months after the operation, then according to indications. In all cases, an increase in M-response was noted. A complete recovery of clinically and an increase in the M-response of more than half the norm (contralateral) and more to the normal value was observed after 58 months.
Conclusion. The use of modern minimally invasive methods of surgical etiotropic treatment of the neuropathy of the suprascapular nerve helps to achieve, as a rule, good and excellent results, even in old cases.