bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel extended dissipativity criteria for generalized neural networks with interval discrete and distributed time-varying delays
Authors: Luemsai Sunisa , Botmart Thongchai , Weera Wajaree 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe problem of asymptotic stability and extended dissipativity analysis for the generalized neural networks with interval discrete and distributed time-varying delays is investigated. Based on a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), an improved Wirtinger single integral inequality, a novel triple integral inequality, and convex combination technique, the new asymptotic stability and extended dissipativity criteria are achieved for the generalized neural networks with interval discrete and distributed time-varying delays. By the above methods, the less conservative asymptotic stability criteria are obtained for a special case of the generalized neural networks. By using the Matlab LMI toolbox, the derived new asymptotic stability and extended dissipativity criteria are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that cover$H_{\infty }$H∞,$L_{2}$L2–$L_{\infty }$L∞, passivity, and dissipativity performance by setting parameters in the general performance index. Finally, we show numerical examples which are less conservative than other examples in the literature. Moreover, we present numerical examples for asymptotic stability and extended dissipativity performance of the generalized neural networks, including a special case of the generalized neural networks.
Oxycodone versus other opioid analgesics after laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Dou Zhi , Yang Liqiang , Wang Qi , Ni Jiaxiang , Ma Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Intravenous opioids are administered for the management of visceral pain after laparoscopic surgery. Whether oxycodone has advantages over other opioids in the treatment of visceral pain is not yet clear.

Methods
In this study, the analgesic efficiency and adverse events of oxycodone and other opioids, including alfentanil, sufentanil, fentanyl, and morphine, in treating post-laparoscopic surgery visceral pain were evaluated. This review was conducted according to the methodological standards described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched in December 2019.

Results
Ten studies were included in this review. The sample size was 695 participants. The results showed that compared with morphine and fentanyl, oxycodone had a more potent analgesic efficacy on the first day after laparoscopic surgery, especially during the first 0.5 h. There was no significant difference in sedation between the two groups. Compared to morphine and fentanyl, oxycodone was more likely to lead to dizziness and drowsiness. Overall, patient satisfaction did not differ significantly between oxycodone and other opioids.

Conclusions
Oxycodone is superior to other analgesics within 24 h after laparoscopic surgery, but its adverse effects should be carefully considered.
Re-purposing software for functional characterization of the microbiome
Authors: Gardiner Laura-Jayne , Haiminen Niina , Utro Filippo , Parida Laxmi , Seabolt Ed , Krishna Ritesh , Kaufman James H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Widespread bioinformatic resource development generates a constantly evolving and abundant landscape of workflows and software. For analysis of the microbiome, workflows typically begin with taxonomic classification of the microorganisms that are present in a given environment. Additional investigation is then required to uncover the functionality of the microbial community, in order to characterize its currently or potentially active biological processes. Such functional analysis of metagenomic data can be computationally demanding for high-throughput sequencing experiments. Instead, we can directly compare sequencing reads to a functionally annotated database. However, since reads frequently match multiple sequences equally well, analyses benefit from a hierarchical annotation tree, e.g. for taxonomic classification where reads are assigned to the lowest taxonomic unit.

Results
To facilitate functional microbiome analysis, we re-purpose well-known taxonomic classification tools to allow us to perform direct functional sequencing read classification with the added benefit of a functional hierarchy. To enable this, we develop and present a tree-shaped functional hierarchy representing the molecular function subset of the Gene Ontology annotation structure. We use this functional hierarchy to replace the standard phylogenetic taxonomy used by the classification tools and assign query sequences accurately to the lowest possible molecular function in the tree. We demonstrate this with simulated and experimental datasets, where we reveal new biological insights.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that improved functional classification of metagenomic sequencing reads is possible by re-purposing a range of taxonomic classification tools that are already well-established, in conjunction with either protein or nucleotide reference databases. We leverage the advances in speed, accuracy and efficiency that have been made for taxonomic classification and translate these benefits for the rapid functional classification of microbiomes. While we focus on a specific set of commonly used methods, the functional annotation approach has broad applicability across other sequence classification tools. We hope that re-purposing becomes a routine consideration during bioinformatic resource development.
Musculoskeletal symptoms among adult smartphone and tablet device users: a retrospective study
Authors: Thorburn Ella , Pope Rodney , Wang Shaoyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous literature suggests the use of smartphones and tablet devices may result in various postural and musculoskeletal disorders, predominantly of the neck and upper extremities. However, factors that contribute to the symptoms have not been adequately explored.

Methods
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and patterns (e.g. types, sites and temporal distributions) of musculoskeletal symptoms among adult smartphone and tablet device users. It also investigated device usage in terms of usage time, postures adopted during use, operational methods and purposes of device use in order to explain the symptom occurrences. Participants from eastern states of Australia retrospectively reported device usage and symptoms in the preceding two-week period, via an online survey. Data was analysed using Chi-square [χ2] analysis to determine the relationships between categorical variables; Mann-Whitney U tests to compare two groups (e.g. smartphone-only users versus tablet users) where dependant variables were ordinal; independent samples t-tests if dependent variables were continuous and approximated a normal distribution; and Spearman’s correlation analysis to assess the relationships between pairs of continuous or ordinal variables.

Results
Of the 207 participants, 59.9% reported musculoskeletal symptoms during or after device use; for 64.5% of these, symptoms began within the first 30 min (mostly between 15 and 30 min) of commencing usage. No statistically significant differences were observed between smartphone-only users and tablet device users in proportions reporting symptoms during device use (χ2 = .350, N = 207, p = .554). The most prevalent symptom was stiffness. The most prevalent symptom occurred in the neck (18.1% in smartphone-only users and 19.3% in tablet device users). Tablet users who were 18–24 year-old and used their device for more than 30 min in each usage session more often experienced symptoms (82.4% prevalence) than those who used a device for 30 min or less (52.2%) (χ2 = 4.723, N = 63, p = .030).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that user age, duration and frequency of usage, and type of device are important factors to consider in the formation of evidence-based guidelines to reduce experiences of musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone and tablet device users. If usage was capped at < 15 min, the majority of smartphone and tablet device users would avoid symptoms.
Larvicidal potential of two silver nano-particles (Moringa oleifera and Ficus exasperata) against laboratory and field strains of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Emmanuel Taiwo , Adeogun Adedapo O. , Adams Luqman A. , Yusuf Modupe A. , Salami Olawale W. , Kanmi Olakiigbe Abiodun , Bello Joseph A. , Fagbohun Ifeoluwa Kayode , Otubanjo Olubunmi Adetoro , Awolola Taiwo Samson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe interest in larvicides of plant origin is generally renewed in vector control because of their safety compared to synthetic larvicides. However, there are concerns about the relative safety dose of these phytochemicals on non-target organisms which led to the development of plant derived nanoparticles. In this study, we examined the bioefficacy of low doses of two green synthesized nanoparticles on immature stages ofAnophelesmosquitoes in Nigeria. Aqueous plants (Moringa oleiferaandFicus exasperata) extracts were used in the biosynthesis. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterizations using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Third and early fourth instars of known susceptible laboratory strains ofAnopheles gambiae s.s.(KISUMU strains) and pyrethroid resistant field strain ofAn. gambiaewere exposed to serial dilutions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.5 ppm of each phyto nanoparticles. Moribund and dead larvae were observed after 24 and 48 h post exposure, and the results were analysed with descriptive statistics.ResultsWith the laboratory mosquitoes,Moringa oleiferaAgNP effected high mortalities of 88–100% (LC50 = 0.39 ppm; LC95 = 0.62 ppm) at 24 h post exposure except at the lowest concentration, whileFicus exasperateAgNP induced a 32–100% mortality (LC50 = 0.51 ppm; LC95 = 1.15 ppm) except at the lowest concentration. In the field populations, mortality inMoringa oleiferaandFicus exasperatawas 23–93% (LC50 = 0.65 ppm; LC95 = 2.28 ppm) and 37–50% (LC50 = 1.51 ppm; LC95 = 391.64 ppm) respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality values between the laboratory and field strains (P < 0.05) at both 24 and 48 h post exposure times.ConclusionsOverall, the study demonstrates the bioefficacy and potential use of green synthesized nanoparticles, at very low concentrations for the control ofAnopheleslarvae even in areas where resistance to the current chemical insecticides have been reported.
Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome
Authors: Abd El Baaki Olweya Mohammed , Abd El Hamid Enas Raafat , Zaki Safaa Taha , Alwakkad Amani Salah El Din , Sabry Rania Nabil , Elsheikh Eman Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affects 5% of children worldwide and characterized by impaired inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. One of the risk factors that precipitate ADHD is food. Food affects behavior of children by different ways such as food allergy, food intolerance and gut–microbiota–brain axis. The study aimed to assess effect of diet modification on ADHD outcome and the role of food as a precipitating factor for ADHD symptomatology. The study included 47 children newly diagnosed with ADHD, not receiving medical or behavioral therapy, their ages ranged from 6 to 9 years and their intelligence quotient not below 70 with no associated comorbidities. All participants were subjected to Full history taking, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, 24 h dietary recall. Dietary analysis and Conner’s parent rating scale-revised short form (CPR-RS) were done before and after diet modification program for 5 weeks.

Results
There was improvement in ADHD symptoms as measured by CPR-RS after 5-weeks of diet modification program. Carbohydrate and protein intake decreased significantly after diet modification program. Energy intake did not show statistical difference while fat intake increased significantly after the diet program. Vitamin A, C, riboflavin, thiamin and iron intakes decreased significantly after diet program but were within the recommended dietary allowance.

Conclusion
Following the Diet modification program, ADHD symptoms were improved as documented by decrease in CPR scores. Diminished carbohydrate and protein intake in diet were positively associated with improvement of ADHD symptoms. Diet modification program succeeded in reducing obesity and then ADHD symptoms.
Ovarian odorant-like biomolecules in promoting chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa olfactory receptors during migration, maturation, and fertilization
Authors: Olaniyan Olugbemi T. , Dare Ayobami , Okotie Gloria E. , Adetunji Charles O. , Ibitoye Babatunde O. , Eweoya Olugbenga , Dare Joseph B. , Okoli Bamidele J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that olfactory receptor genes are the largest in the human genome, which are significantly expressed in olfactory and non-olfactory tissues such as the reproductive systems where they perform many important biological functions.

Main body
There is growing evidence that bioactive metabolites from the ovary, follicular fluid, and other parts of the female reproductive tract signal the sperm through a series of signal transduction cascades that regulate sperm migration, maturation, and fertilization processes. Several studies have highlighted the role of G-protein-coupled receptors in these cellular processes. Thus, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence describing the physiological role of most prominent exogenous and endogenous biomolecules found in the female reproductive organ in enhancing the chemotaxis behavior of spermatozoa during migration, maturation, and fertilization and also to elucidate the pathological implications of its dysfunctions and the clinical significance in human fertility.

Short conclusion
In the future, drugs and molecules can be designed to activate these receptors on sperm to facilitate fertility among infertile couples and use as contraceptives.
Global longitudinal strain as a predictor of short-term effect of oral antiviral regimens on myocardium in Egyptian patients with chronic viral hepatitis C
Authors: Farrag Hazem Mohammad-Ali , Monir Mina Samir , Abdel-Dayem Wael Soliman , Ali Hisham Abdel-Haleem , Ibrahim Alaa Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been noted with various cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and patients with detected HCV-RNA had higher CV mortality than uninfected individuals. The new direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAA) proved to be more effective with fewer side effects compared to interferon in eradicating HCV, but their effect on myocardium is still questionable. In order to get some answers for such question, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) was studied before and after treatment with different DAA regimens in HCV patients with either mildly impaired or normal basic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Results
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) significantly worsened after finishing antiviral treatment in patients with basic impairment of LVEF (n = 100) and those with normal basic LVEF (n = 20) [p = 0.006 and 0.039, respectively]; also, segmental strain showed significant worsening of many segments. Such worsening was significantly more in those with basic impairment of LVEF compared to those with normal basic LVEF (p = 0.036). No significant difference was observed in GLS and segmental strain when classifying and comparing patients according to gender, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and established cardiac medications, or according to DAA regimen received.

Conclusion
DAA may have a cardiotoxic effect that could be early detected by 2D-STE, which was more significant in patients with pre-treatment impairment of LVEF.
Ethnobotanical, phytochemistry, and pharmacological property of Waltheria Indica Linn
Authors: Nirmala C , Sridevi M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In modern therapeutics, various human pathological disturbances were treated with the plant-based products. Waltheria indica Linn, a perennial herb, was commonly used in traditional medicine worldwide against various ailments such as cough, dysentery, diarrhea, bladder disorder, hemoptysis, inflammations, neuralgia, wounds, and ulcers.

Main body
The shrub was majorly distributed in tropical, subtropical regions and exists in many distinct local forms. Both the crude extracts and purified compounds from the whole plant and its parts showed wide pharmacological properties like antioxidant, analgesic, sedative, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic. The phytochemical profile and traditional usage highlight the potency of the plant in the treatment of microbial infections and inflammatory diseases. Yet, additional studies are required for the confirmations of its traditional uses against other diseases. More detailed understanding of anti-cataract, anti-diabetics, asthma, anemia, and anti-cancer mechanism has to be explored. Though many research articles on the proposed plant are available, there has been a rising concern in the therapeutic property, especially on the alkaloids and flavonoids from this plant for drug design.

Conclusion
This article aims in a systematic and updated review on distribution, botany, traditional uses, phytocompounds, and relevant biological activities from each part of the plant. The information was collected from databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, books, dissertation, and reports via academic libraries that included more than 100 articles published since 1937. This ethnopharmacological study of the plant may create new insight into drug discovery to develop important novel leads against various biological targets.
Impact of septoplasty alone or with endoscopic sinus surgery for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with deviated septum
Authors: Mostafa Soad Yehia , Abd-Elgaber Fatma Mohamed , Mohamed Bothina Ahmed , Hammad Al-Shimaa Said 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis represents an important health care problem in the world. Deviated nasal septum leads to increased chance of impaired mucociliary clearance, osteomeatal complex obstruction, and development of rhinosinusitis. Studies have revealed the role of septoplasty in curing chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with significant septal deviation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of septoplasty alone or combined with functional endoscopic sinus surgery in improving the outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with significant septal deviation.

Results
Postoperative computed tomography findings in group A (underwent septoplasty only) were mild opacity of ethmoid (25%), sinus mucosal thickening (15%), and occluded osteomeatal complex with discharge (25%). Postoperative computed tomography findings in group B mild opacity of ethmoid (30%), sinus mucosal thickening (20%), and occluded osteomeatal complex with discharge (30%). The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score in group A decreased significantly from 85.75 to 28.85 (P < 0.05). In group B (underwent combination of septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery), the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score also decreased significantly from 87.75 to 32.55 (P < 0.05). The improvement was 85% in group A and 80% in group B.

Conclusion
The post-operative improvement has no significant difference between the two groups. Hence, we suggest that septoplasty alone can be adequate for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with septal deviation.
Cervical spondylosis as a possible hidden reason beyond delayed phrenic nerve distal motor latency
Authors: Ali Rowaida Hamdy , Farouk Mai Mohamed , Moussa Salwa Galal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative condition of the cervical spine that can affect the cervical nerve roots. The origin of the phrenic nerve makes it vulnerable to injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate possible subtle phrenic nerve affection in patients with cervical spondylosis using nerve conduction studies (NCS). This study was conducted on 30 patients with cervical spondylosis above C5 and on 30 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies of both phrenic nerves were performed in all cases.ResultsThe patients with cervical spondylosis showed a statistically highly significant prolongation of phrenic nerve distal motor latency (DML) than the control group (P< 0.01). There was no significant difference regarding amplitude (P> 0.05). There was a significant correlation between DML andX-ray score (r< 0.05).ConclusionsCervical spondylosis is an underestimated cause of phrenic nerve delayed DML. There is a correlation between the delay of phrenic nerve DML and the severity of cervical spondylosis.
Assessing the educational impact of cognitive level of MCQ and SEQ on learning approaches of dental students
Authors: Arooj Mahwish , Mukhtar Khadijah , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Azhar Tayyaba 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: MCQ’s and SEQ’s are the most widely used assessment tool in dental colleges across Pakistan. This study explores the impact of assessment tool: MCQ’s and SEQ’s on learning approach of dental students and also identifies correlation between these assessment tools and deep & surface learning approaches in integrated and discipline based curriculum.
Methods: A quantitative co-relational study was conducted in 2018 on 2nd and 4th year dental students. A pre-validated “Revised Study Process Questionnaire” was used. Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were applied to determine the relationship between learning approaches and assessment tools. Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha.
Results: Ninety six students out of one hundred and fifty completed the questionnaire. Correlation test showed that surface approach correlates significantly with MCQ’s (0.73) while no co-relation exists with SEQ’s (-0.14) in our study. Deep approach has a strong and significant correlation with SEQ’s (0.80) as compared to MCQ’s (0.056).
Conclusion: Assessment tool has an impact on learning approaches used by the students. It was concluded that students used to prefer deep learning approach while preparing for SEQ’s as they were designed at higher cognitive level, whereas, they preferred surface approach while preparing for MCQ’s as they were developed at low cognitive order.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3475
How to cite this:Arooj M, Mukhtar K, Khan RA, Azhar T. Assessing the educational impact of cognitive level of MCQ and SEQ on learning approaches of dental students. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):445-449. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3475
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.