bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectory tracking control for mobile robots considering position of mass center
Authors: Shahbazzadeh Majid , Sadati Seyed Jalil , Minagar Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the control problem of trajectory tracking of mobile robots considering the difference between the center of mass and the geometric center is presented. In vehicles, sometimes the mass and geometric centers are not the same, which may be due to a load. In this case, the tracking error model is obtained for the first time. Then, this model is linearized around the reference trajectory. The control law consists of feedforward and feedback actions. The feedforward part is calculated from the reference trajectory, which leads to solving a complex differential equation. On the other hand, based on the linearized tracking error model, a model predictive controller is utilized to compute the feedback control part. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the modeling accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Computational Approaches to Discover Novel Natural Compounds for SARS‐CoV‐2 Therapeutics
Authors: Rampogu Shailima , Lee Gihwan , Kulkarni Apoorva M. , Kim Donghwan , Yoon Sanghwa , Kim Myeong Ok , Lee Keun Woo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScientists all over the world are facing a challenging task of finding effective therapeutics for the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). One of the fastest ways of finding putative drug candidates is the use of computational drug discovery approaches. The purpose of the current study is to retrieve natural compounds that have obeyed to drug‐like properties as potential inhibitors. Computational molecular modelling techniques were employed to discover compounds with potential SARS‐CoV‐2 inhibition properties. Accordingly, the InterBioScreen (IBS) database was obtained and was prepared by minimizing the compounds. To the resultant compounds, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) and Lipinski's Rule of Five was applied to yield drug‐like compounds. The obtained compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies to evaluate their stabilities. In the current article, we have employed the docking based virtual screening method using InterBioScreen (IBS) natural compound database yielding two compounds has potential hits. These compounds have demonstrated higher binding affinity scores than the reference compound together with good pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, the identified hits have displayed stable interaction results inferred by molecular dynamics simulation results. Taken together, we advocate the use of two natural compounds, STOCK1N‐71493 and STOCK1N‐45683 as SARS‐CoV‐2 treatment regime.
Influence of floating plant density on potential herbicide spray loss
Authors: Mudge Christopher R , Sperry Benjamin P , Getsinger Kurt D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMesocosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of floating plant density on over‐the‐top spray solution loss to the column using a tracer dye. Experiments quantified in‐water rhodamine water tracer (RWT) dye concentration after foliar treatment at 935 L ha−1 to waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms], waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) at 0, 25, 50 and 100% area covered (PAC).RESULTSAs expected, spray loss to the water surface decreased with increasing plant density in all species. However, each species exhibited an unique relationship between density and percentage spray loss. The plant material required to result in 50% spray loss (ED50) was 32, 62 and 55 PAC for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce and giant salvinia, respectively. Greater ED50 estimates in waterlettuce and giant salvinia were attributed to plant architecture and leaf orientation compared to waterhyacinth, which grows more vertically and has a greater overall surface area to intercept and retain spray solution. However, when treated at 100 PAC, waterhyacinth and waterlettuce resulted in 20–25% spray loss, whereas giant salvinia resulted in only 10% loss. Consequently, giant salvinia exhibited a near 1:1 relationship between spray loss and PAC (slope = −0.93).CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that potential herbicide spray loss, as affected by plant density, is largely species‐specific and dependent on leaf morphology and plant architecture. Further research will confirm these findings under field conditions as well as to identify other parameters that might affect spray loss when treating floating and emergent plants. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
SIL analysis of subsea control system components based on a typical OREDA database
Authors: Mahmoudi Jafar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProper performance evaluation of subsea system components is of high significance for reliable operation and remote monitoring or the replacement of the components before the occurrence of any failure. As a part of subsea systems, subsea control system (SCS) plays a key role in accomplishing a reliable performance. Hence, achieving knowledge of the components’ failure rates is highly important in the safety analysis of SCS. To the author's knowledge, limited work is done on the safety analysis of SCS using failure rates for a multitude of components. Also, the number of research papers that are based on industrial works is restricted. Hence, this paper aims to provide a noticeable contribution in fulfilling the referred gap. For this purpose, a safety integrity‐level (SIL) analysis is proposed based on a typical OREDA database. In the implementation of the proposed SIL, a failure mode classification table is provided for a selection of SCS components. This is followed by the estimation of several parameters, such as the total time in service, as well as obtaining the values of critical failure rates. The analysis indicates that signal failure is the failure mode occurring more than the other ones. Also, the subsea electronic module yields the highest value of critical failure rates. Besides, a comparison of parameter values is provided for two different versions of the utilized database.
Ethical issues concerning a pay-to-participate stem cell study
Authors: Turner Leigh , Snyder Jeremy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In our critique of a pay-to-participate study, we address how the failure to disclose study-related payments appears to have violated STEM CELLS Translational Medicine's editorial policies concerning conflict-of-interest and financial disclosure. Our analysis also identifies broader ethical issues and scientific concerns related to pay-to-participate studies conducted by businesses with a record of selling purported stem cell treatments before determining whether the products they sell are safe and efficacious. Authors of peer-reviewed articles have a responsibility to comply with journal policies and disclose financial conflicts of interest to editors, reviewers, and readers. Authors should also disclose when stem cell interventions being tested in clinical trials have already been sold on a direct-to-consumer basis as “stem cell treatments” by authors' affiliate institutions. Financial conflicts of interest and other forms of possible bias must be disclosed to put clinical studies in context and facilitate the critical assessment of research methods, findings, and conclusions. The apparent failure to comply with journal editorial policies and disclose such financial conflicts warrants careful investigation.
Surveillance of a vomiting outbreak in dogs in the UK using owner‐derived and internet search data
Authors: Woolley Charlotte S. C. , Handel Ian G. , Bronsvoort Barend M. , Schoenebeck Jeffrey J. , Clements Dylan N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn early 2020, the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network reported evidence of an outbreak of acute prolific vomiting in dogs in the UK. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was evidence for a vomiting outbreak in Dogslife and Google Trends data and to describe its characteristics.MethodsIncidence of Dogslife vomiting reports and the Google search index for ‘dog vomiting’ and ‘puppy vomiting’ between December 2019 and March 2020 was compared to the respective data from the same months in previous years. Risks for dogs vomiting and factors influencing veterinary attendance in Dogslife were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThis study confirmed a vomiting outbreak was evident in UK dogs between December 2019 and March 2020 using data from Dogslife and Google Trends. The odds of a vomiting incident being reported to Dogslife was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.24–1.84) in comparison to previous years. Dogslife data identified differences in owner‐decision making when seeking veterinary attention and identified factors associated with dogs at higher odds of experiencing a vomiting episode.ConclusionOwner‐derived data including questionnaires and internet search queries should be considered a valid, valuable source of information for veterinary population health surveillance.
Research perspectives and further studies on catalyst effects on the stability of different polyethylenes during multiple extrusion: Inter‐relationship of oxidation chemistry and antioxidant activity
Authors: Allen Norman S. , Liauw Christopher M. , Edge Michele , Hoang Eric , Fontan Eusebio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe degradation and stabilization of an extensive range of unstabilized and stabilized polyethylenes during multiple extrusions are examined in order to investigate and determine their chemical and structural changes and inter‐relationship with different commercial antioxidant/stabilizer packages including nondust blends. Unsaturation changes were also assessed after each extrusion. Oxidative stability was also evaluated by hydroperoxide analysis and carbonyl index. Metal catalysts residues of the neat polymers were determined and their contribution toward the overall oxidative stability of the polymers assessed along with the activity of the phenolic/phosphite antioxidants (as determined by HPLC). All the chromium‐based HD polyethylenes and the metallocene LLDPE crosslinked during multiple extrusions. The HDPE with high Cr/Ti and Al levels underwent chain scission after the second extrusion. The results indicated that crosslinking reactions during processing were initiated at the unsaturated groups. Melt flow index (MFI) changes observed during processing were accompanied by vinyl disappearance and trans‐vinylene formation. The addition of alkyl radicals to vinyl unsaturations appears to be the main reaction. All stabilized packages effectively inhibited carbonyl growth during multiple extrusions but did not inhibit MFI change due to the crosslinking reactions, except for one LLDPE.
Knowledge‐based enrichment: Development of a novel enrichment device for captive chimpanzees
Authors: Brooks James , Yoshimura Hiroto , Taki Yuto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe field of environmental enrichment has grown considerably, but most enrichment is still focused on tasks where highly valued food rewards are directly visible. We designed a device which would instead make use of knowledge states, motivational structure, and physical reasoning skills and could use hidden, low‐quality food items while remaining low in cost. Food items were hidden in small cardboard tubes and placed snugly inside another, larger, tube such that they were difficult to extract and presented a challenging dexterity and physical reasoning task. Rare favored food items were distributed so animals would be rewarded at irregular intervals. The devices were then presented to two groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) who either had experience extracting food from identical small cardboard tubes or had no such experience. We found that the chimpanzees with no prior experience with the small tubes used the device very little until one individual removed a small tube, revealing the food inside, at which point use time significantly increased. In the knowledgeable group, no change was observed after the first tube retrieval. Individuals in both groups used the devices for over 20 min each on average over a 1‐h observation period, and in both facilities at least one device still contained all inner tubes. Our study suggests that enrichment can make use of animals' prior knowledge, that enrichment devices can thus be layered into one another, and reiterates the importance of considering animals' psychology in designing enrichment.
Milk composition of white rhinoceros over lactation and comparison with other Perissodactyla
Authors: Osthoff Gernot , Beukes Blake , Steyn Aletta C. , Hugo Arnold , Deacon Francois , Butler Hendrik J. B. , O'Neill Frans H. , Grobler J. Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe proximate composition of milk from fifteen free‐ranging white rhinoceroses at different lactation stages is reported with detailed analysis of fatty acid composition and minerals. Lactose is the main component at 7.93 ± 0.53%, followed by 0.93 ± 0.19% protein, 1.76 ± 0.39% fat, 0.40 ± 0.18% ash, 0.05 ± 0.01% glucose, and 0.04 ± 0.02% non protein nitrogen The interindividual variation of all the components is high, showing no trend of change over lactation. The K and P content decreased over lactation. The fatty acid composition of rhinoceros milk is characteristic with a high saturated fatty acids content of 62%–84%, of which the medium chain fatty acids form the major portion. The C10:0, C12:0, C16:0, and C18:1c9 are the major fatty acids in the milk fat. The results are compared with the two other Perissodactylae families, the Equidae and Tapiridae. Differences in gross composition are small, but the milk of the Rhinocerotidae have the lowest gross energy, while the milk fats consist of the highest amounts of saturated fatty acids, while the low levels of C16:1c9 and C18:1c9 indicate the lowest mammary Δ9‐desaturase activity.
Generation and Molecular Characterization of Transient tet1/2/3 Zebrafish Knockouts
Authors: Ross Samuel E. , Bogdanovic Ozren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a gene-regulatory mark associated with transcriptional repression. 5mC can be erased through the catalytic action of Ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, TET3), which oxidize 5mC resulting in its removal from the genome. In vertebrates, TET enzymes facilitate DNA demethylation of regulatory regions linked to genes involved in developmental processes. Consequently, TET ablation leads to severe morphological defects and developmental arrest. Here we describe a system that can facilitate the study of relationships between TET enzymes, 5mC, and embryo development. We provide detailed descriptions for the generation of F0 zebrafish tet1/2/3 knockouts using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and elaborate on the strategies to assess the impact of TET loss by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS).
Estimating Global Methylation and Erasure Using Low-Coverage Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS)
Authors: Ortega-Recalde Oscar , Peat Julian R. , Bond Donna M. , Hore Timothy A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is a popular method for characterizing cytosine methylation because it is fully quantitative and has base-pair resolution. While WGBS is prohibitively expensive for experiments involving many samples, low-coverage WGBS can accurately determine global methylation and erasure at similar cost to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Moreover, low-coverage WGBS has the capacity to distinguish between methylation in different cytosine contexts (e.g., CG, CHH, and CHG), can tolerate low-input material (<100 cells), and can detect the presence of overrepresented DNA originating from mitochondria or amplified ribosomal DNA. In addition to describing a WGBS library construction and quantitation approach, here we detail computational methods to predict the accuracy of low-coverage WGBS using empirical bootstrap samplers and theoretical estimators similar to those used in election polling. Using examples, we further demonstrate how non-independent sampling of cytosines can alter the precision of error calculation and provide methods to improve this.
Gaining Insight into Determinants of Physical Activity Using Bayesian Network Learning
Authors: Tummers Simone C. M. W. , Hommersom Arjen , Lechner Lilian , Bolman Catherine , Bemelmans Roger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBayesian network modelling is applied to health psychology data in order to obtain more insight into the determinants of physical activity. This preliminary study discusses some challenges to apply general machine learning methods to this application domain, and Bayesian networks in particular. We investigate several suitable methods for dealing with missing data, and determine which method obtains good results in terms of fitting the data. Furthermore, we present the learnt Bayesian network model for this e-health intervention case study, and conclusions are drawn about determinants of physical activity behaviour change and how the intervention affects physical activity behaviour and its determinants. We also evaluate the contributions of Bayesian network analysis compared to traditional statistical analyses in this field. Finally, possible extensions on the performed analyses are proposed.
Conceptual design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory
Authors:   The IAXO collaboration, Abeln A. , Altenmüller K. , Arguedas Cuendis S. , Armengaud E. , Attié D. , Aune S. , Basso S. , Bergé L. , Biasuzzi B. , Borges De Sousa P. T. C. , Brun P. , Bykovskiy N. , Calvet D. , Carmona J. M. , Castel J. F. , Cebrián S. , Chernov V. , Christensen F. E. , Civitani M. M. , Cogollos C. , Dafní T. , Derbin A. , Desch K. , Díez D. , Dinter M. , Döbrich B. , Drachnev I. , Dudarev A. , Dumoulin L. , Ferreira D. D. M. , Ferrer-Ribas E. , Fleck I. , Galán J. , Gascón D. , Gastaldo L. , Giannotti M. , Giomataris Y. , Giuliani A. , Gninenko S. , Golm J. , Golubev N. , Hagge L. , Hahn J. , Hailey C. J. , Hengstler D. , Henriksen P. L. , Houdy T. , Iglesias-Marzoa R. , Iguaz F. J. , Irastorza I. G. , Iñiguez C. , Jakovčić K. , Kaminski J. , Kanoute B. , Karstensen S. , Kravchuk L. , Lakić B. , Lasserre T. , Laurent P. , Limousin O. , Lindner A. , Loidl M. , Lomskaya I. , López-Alegre G. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Ludwig K. , Luzón G. , Malbrunot C. , Margalejo C. , Marin-Franch A. , Marnieros S. , Marutzky F. , Mauricio J. , Menesguen Y. , Mentink M. , Mertens S. , Mescia F. , Miralda-Escudé J. , Mirallas H. , Mols J. P. , Muratova V. , Navick X. F. , Nones C. , Notari A. , Nozik A. , Obis L. , Oriol C. , Orsini F. , Ortiz de Solórzano A. , Oster S. , Pais Da Silva H. P. , Pantuev V. , Papaevangelou T. , Pareschi G. , Perez K. , Pérez O. , Picatoste E. , Pivovaroff M. J. , Poda D. V. , Redondo J. , Ringwald A. , Rodrigues M. , Rueda-Teruel F. , Rueda-Teruel S. , Ruiz-Choliz E. , Ruz J. , Saemann E. O. , Salvado J. , Schiffer T. , Schmidt S. , Schneekloth U. , Schott M. , Segui L. , Tavecchio F. , ten Kate H. H. J. , Tkachev I. , Troitsky S. , Unger D. , Unzhakov E. , Ushakov N. , Vogel J. K. , Voronin D. , Weltman A. , Werthenbach U. , Wuensch W. , Yanes-Díaz A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to gaγ ∼ 1.5 × 10−11 GeV−1, and masses up to ma ∼ 0.25 eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups.
Challenges for a QCD axion at the 10 MeV scale
Authors: Liu Jia , McGinnis Navin , Wagner Carlos E. M. , Wang Xiao-Ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on an interesting realization of the QCD axion, with mass in the range $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10) MeV. It has previously been shown that although this scenario is stringently constrained from multiple sources, the model remains viable for a range of parameters that leads to an explanation of the Atomki experiment anomaly. In this article we study in more detail the additional constraints proceeding from recent low energy experiments and study the compatibility of the allowed parameter space with the one leading to consistency of the most recent measurements of the electron anomalous magnetic moment and the fine structure constant. We further provide an ultraviolet completion of this axion variant and show the conditions under which it may lead to the observed quark masses and CKM mixing angles, and remain consistent with experimental constraints on the extended scalar sector appearing in this Standard Model extension. In particular, the decay of the Standard Model-like Higgs boson into two light axions may be relevant and leads to a novel Higgs boson signature that may be searched for at the LHC in the near future.
Pseudomomentum: origins and consequences
Authors: Singh H. , Hanna J. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe balance of pseudomomentum is discussed and applied to simple elasticity, ideal fluids, and the mechanics of inextensible rods and sheets. A general framework is presented in which the simultaneous variation of an action with respect to position, time, and material labels yields bulk balance laws and jump conditions for momentum, energy, and pseudomomentum. The example of simple elasticity of space-filling solids is treated at length. The pseudomomentum balance in ideal fluids is shown to imply conservation of vorticity, circulation, and helicity, and a mathematical similarity is noted between the evaluation of circulation along a material loop and the J-integral of fracture mechanics. Integration of the pseudomomentum balance, making use of a prescription for singular sources derived by analogy with the continuous form of the balance, directly provides the propulsive force driving passive reconfiguration or locomotion of confined, inhomogeneous elastic rods. The conserved angular momentum and pseudomomentum are identified in the classification of conical sheets with rotational inertia or bending energy.
Homöopathie – eine Therapieoption für die Praxis?
Authors: Lübbers Christian W. , Endruscheit Udo 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungViele Veröffentlichungen bezeichnen die Homöopathie als „umstritten“. Angesichts umfangreicher Forschungsergebnisse zur Homöopathie besteht jedoch längst weitestgehend wissenschaftlicher Konsens dahin, dass es keinen belastbaren Beleg für eine spezifische medizinische Wirksamkeit gibt. Die Gesamtevidenz spricht klar gegen Effekte, die über die von Placebo- und anderen Kontexteffekten hinausgehen. Umso mehr muss es als Phänomen erscheinen, dass die Homöopathie nach wie vor Gegenstand medizinisch-therapeutischer Praxis ist. Dies mag eine wesentliche Ursache darin haben, dass sich die homöopathische Szene der medizinischen Forschung und des Evidenzbegriffs auf eine Weise bemächtigt, die geeignet ist, den Anschein aufrechtzuerhalten, es gäbe noch einen wissenschaftlich relevanten Diskurs zu bestreiten. Dass dies nicht der Fall ist und deshalb die Homöopathie als therapeutische Option, auch nach den Grundsätzen zeitgemäßer Medizinethik, obsolet ist, will der nachstehende Beitrag begründen.