bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐augmented radioluminescence imaging for radiotherapy dose verification
Authors: Jia Mengyu , Yang Yong , Wu Yan , Li Xiaomeng , Xing Lei , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeWe developed a novel dose verification method using a camera‐based radioluminescence imaging system (CRIS) combined with a deep learning‐based signal processing technique.MethodsThe CRIS consists of a cylindrical chamber coated with scintillator material on the inner surface of the cylinder, coupled with a hemispherical mirror and a digital camera at the two ends. After training, the deep learning model is used for image‐to‐dose conversion to provide absolute dose prediction at multiple depths of a specific water phantom from a single CRIS image under the assumption of a good consistency between the TPS setting and actual beam energy. The model was trained using a set of captured radioluminescence images and the corresponding dose maps from the clinical treatment planning system (TPS) for the sake of acceptable data collection. To overcome the latent error and inconsistency that exists between the TPS calculation and the corresponding measurement, the model was trained in an unsupervised manner. Validation experiments were performed on five square fields (ranging from 2 × 2 to 10 × 10 cm2) and three clinical intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) cases. The results were compared to the TPS calculations in terms of gamma index at 1.5, 5, and 10 cm depths.ResultsThe mean 2%/2 mm gamma pass rates were 100% for square fields and 97.2% (range from 95.5% to 99.5%) for the IMRT fields. Further validations were performed by comparing the CRIS results with measurements on various regular fields. The results show a mean gamma pass rate of 91% (1%/1 mm) for cross‐profiles and a mean percentage deviation of 1.15% for percentage depth doses (PDDs).ConclusionsThe system is capable of converting the irradiated radioluminescence image to corresponding water‐based dose maps at multiple depths with a spatial resolution comparable to the TPS calculations.
Automotive Displays: The Race is on Between LCD and OLED!
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe annual number of automotive displays sold will nearly double from 2020 to 2028, according to Strategy Analytics. Local dimming LCDs and OLEDs compete for this expanding market for direct‐ view displays. Will we see the first microLEDs in cars at the end of this time frame?
Peri‐operative management of multiple tooth extractions in a patient with congenital hypofibrinogenemia receiving anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Kakuguchi Wataru , Nakamichi Yoshiyuki , Kasahara Kazue , Horikawa Masaaki , Ohiro Yoichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCongenital fibrinogen disorder is rare and is responsible for the difficulty in achieving hemostasis following surgery. A 75‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for the management of gingival hemorrhage. He had a medical history of congenital hypofibrinogenemia, right internal carotid stenosis, hypertension, brain infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. A diagnosis of gingival hemorrhage due to periodontitis of the maxillary left second molar and severe periodontitis necessitating extraction in the maxillary second molars bilaterally, mandibular left second molar, and mandibular right first and third molars was made. A pre‐operative hematological examination revealed a fibrinogen level of 53.7 mg/dl. Fibrinogen (3 g) was administered and reached a concentration of 92.8 mg/dl before the surgery. Several episodes of post‐operative hemorrhages in the sockets were managed with local hemostatic treatment and splint adjustment. Fibrinogen levels were maintained at 72.5–92.8 mg/dl, until hemostasis was achieved. This case report illustrates the appropriate management of patients with congenital hypofibrinogenemia requiring extraction of multiple teeth.
Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy for polymers
Authors: Xu Shuyu , Camp Charles H. , Lee Young Jong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label‐free chemical imaging modality capable of interrogating local molecular composition, concentration, and even orientation. In comparison to traditional Raman spectroscopy/imaging, CARS generates signals that are typically orders‐of‐magnitude stronger, enabling high‐throughput and large‐area imaging with superior spectroscopic fidelity. In this review, we present an overview of CARS microscopy as applied to polymer science, covering such timely and important topics as drug release and reaction kinetics to 3D molecular structures and orientation. We also discuss outstanding opportunities and challenges to using CARS microscopy as a quantitative measurement method.
Development of a psychosocial oncology core curriculum for multidisciplinary education and training: Initial content validation using the modified Delphi Method
Authors: Wells‐Di Gregorio Sharla , Deshields Teresa , Flowers Stacy R. , Taylor Nicole , Robbins Mona A. , Johnson Rhonda , Dwyer Meagan , Siston Amy , Cooley Mary E. , Kayser Karen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite its four decade history, the multidisciplinary specialty of psychosocial oncology (PSO) has no official consensus on core content. In 2014, the American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS) Board charged the APOS Professional Education Committee with outlining curricular content needed for core competence.MethodsContent validation was completed using a four‐phase modified Delphi Method. During Phase I, a Professional Education Committee subgroup proposed domains and items, which were rated by the APOS Fellows and Board via online survey. During Phase II, Fellows completed a second, revised survey. Phase III incorporated early career members. Developmental and diversity items were integrated into each domain. In Phase IV, a larger group of subject matter experts were surveyed, with feedback incorporated. Validation across phases involved average rating thresholds, intraclass correlations, and final percent agreement.ResultsThe Delphi Method supported 12 content domains: Cancer Basics, Psychosocial Oncology, Professional Development, Ethics, Emotional/Psychological Concerns, Sexuality and Relationship Concerns, Spiritual/Religious Concerns, Healthcare Communication and Decision Making, Social/Practical Problems, Caregiver Concerns, Cognitive Concerns, Physical Symptoms and Psychosocial Assessment/Treatment. High levels of agreement were achieved across domains (86%–100%) and items, with no significant rating differences by discipline.ConclusionsThis proposed core content can enhance and standardize education and training in PSO including APOS' Virtual Psychosocial Oncology Core Curriculum, focused on broadly expanding the PSO workforce, particularly in underserved areas. Next steps include development of core competencies and establishment of online training modules based on this content validation.
Changes in dynamic and static structures of the HIV‐1 p24 capsid protein N‐domain caused by amino‐acid substitution are associated with its viral viability
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Matsugami Akimasa , Watanabe Satoru , Hayashi Fumiaki , Arai Munehito , Kigawa Takanori , Nishimura Chiaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHIV‐1 capsid is comprised of over a hundred p24 protein molecules, arranged as either pentamers or hexamers. Three p24 mutants with amino acid substitutions in capsid N‐terminal domain protein were examined: G60W (α3‐4 loop), M68T (helix 4), and P90T (α4‐5 loop), which exhibited no viability for biological activity. One common structural feature of the three p24 N‐domain mutants, examined by NMR, was the long‐range effect of more β‐structures at the β2‐strand in the N‐terminal region compared with the wild‐type. In addition, the presence of fewer helical structures was observed in M68T and P90T, beyond the broad area from helix 1 to the C‐terminal part of helix 4. This suggests that both N‐terminal beta structures and helices play important roles in the formation of p24 hexamers and pentamers. Next, compared with P90T, we examined cis‐conformation or trans‐conformation of wild‐type adopted by isomerization at G89–P90. Since P90T mutant adopts only a trans‐conformation, comparison of chemical shifts and signal intensities between each spectra revealed that the major peaks (about 85%) in the spectrum of wild‐type correspond to trans‐conformation. Furthermore, it was indicated that the region in cis‐conformation (minor; 15%) was more stabilized than that observed in trans‐conformation, based on the analyses of heteronuclear Overhauser effect as well as the order‐parameter. Therefore, it was concluded that the cis‐conformation is more favorable than the trans‐conformation for the interaction between the p24 N‐terminal domain and cyclophilin‐A. This is because HIV‐1 with a P90T protein, which adopts only a trans‐conformation, is associated with non‐viability of biological activity.
Factors associated with fluoxetine and norfluoxetine plasma concentrations and clinical response in Mexican patients with mental disorders
Authors: Sagahón‐Azúa Julia , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna Edith , Chávez‐Castillo Cinthya Eloisa , González‐Salinas César Guillermo , Milán‐Segovia Rosa del Carmen , Romano‐Moreno Silvia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the last few years, fluoxetine has been one of the most prescribed medications for the treatment of diverse psychiatric conditions in Mexico. Fluoxetine therapeutic effect is consequence of the joint action of the parent drug and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine. However, the clinical efficacy of fluoxetine, can be affected due to diverse factors, such as drug‐drug interactions and the large interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of this drug. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with variability in plasma concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine and its association with the therapeutic response. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine plasma concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography in 81 Mexican patients with mental disorders; 25% of the patients had no medication adherence and 40% were below the reference range of fluoxetine plus norfluoxetine plasma concentrations. The results showed that concentrations can be affected by fluoxetine metabolism caused by CYP2D6 phenotype and the concomitant administration of olanzapine. Furthermore, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 phenotype were associated with lower anxiety and depression control during treatment with fluoxetine. This study can be a starting point to elucidate the causes of fluoxetine variable response in Mexican patients with mental disorders, as well as to detect and support medication adherence.
Distributed urban drag parametrization for sub‐kilometre scale numerical weather prediction
Authors: Sützl Birgit S. , Rooney Gabriel G. , Finnenkoetter Anke , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. , Grimmond Sue , van Reeuwijk Maarten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA recently developed, height‐distributed urban drag parametrization is tested with the London Model, a sub‐kilometre resolution version of the Met Office Unified Model over Greater London. The distributed‐drag parametrization requires vertical morphology profiles in the form of height‐distributed frontal‐area functions, which capture the full extent and variability of building heights. London's morphology profiles are calculated and parametrized by an exponential distribution with the ratio of maximum to mean building height as the parameter. A case study evaluates the differences between the new distributed‐drag scheme and the current London Model setup using the MORUSES urban land‐surface model. The new drag parametrization shows increased horizontal spatial variability in total surface stress, identifying densely built‐up areas, high‐rise building clusters, parks, and the river. Effects on the wind speed in the lower levels include a lesser gradient and more heterogeneous wind profiles, extended wakes downwind of the city centre, and vertically growing perturbations that suggest the formation of internal boundary layers. The surface sensible heat fluxes are underpredicted, which is attributed to difficulties coupling the distributed momentum exchange with the surface‐based heat exchange.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant proportional‐derivative tracking control for six‐degrees of freedom unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Gao Zhen , Chen Yudong , Li Wenqiao , Song Yongduan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents a robust adaptive control scheme for six‐degrees of freedom (DOF) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of modeling uncertainties and actuation faults. The proposed control is in proportional‐derivative (PD) form, and is able to tolerate actuation faults yet ensure stability and transient performance without the need for the detail model information of UAV. Furthermore, the PD control scheme exploited adaptively self‐tuning PD gains, which avoids the ad‐hoc and time‐consuming trial and error process for gain determination as commonly required in traditional PD control, thus is design‐friendly and low‐cost, rendering the control algorithms easy and straightforward for programming and implementation. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Hearing, voicing and healing: Rivers as culturally located and connected
Authors:   Martuwarra RiverOfLife,   Unamen Shipu Romaine River, Poelina Anne , Wooltorton Sandra , Guimond Laurie , Sioui Durand Guy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a collaborative writing group explores how we, two rivers, express ourselves over time, place and space, our energies long interpreted as veins and arteries carrying the Country's life affirming blood. Voiced as River: I, River, this position reflects a worldview in which interrelationship with living river is normal, and River Spirit is ever‐present. It is a position underpinned by Indigenous narratives as riverine expressions of place‐based love.At times, the article is also voiced as a writing group or individuals, with voices being interchanged where required for smooth reading. We see this as part of the decolonising process, which feels liberating and healing among the writers. Each writer is equally valued as co‐creator, contributor, narrator and story teller.The two rivers, being Martuwarra Fitzroy River (Kimberley, Western Australia) and Unamen Shipu Romaine River (North Shore, Québec, Canada), illustrate a common condition of being, through heritage, life, change and possibility. Through stories and voices, the socio‐scientific implications of colonisation and lost connections become clear, considering the interaction, the dialogue and the cultural synthesis of living water systems that have always incorporated all life forms into rivers of life. As a way of navigating towards wholeness, Aboriginal knowledge systems and narratives for healing are used to bring together findings of this intercultural river learning journey.
3D Printing and Pyrolysis of Optical ZrO2 Nanostructures by Two‐Photon Lithography: Reduced Shrinkage and Crystallization Mediated by Nanoparticles Seeds
Authors: Desponds Anne , Banyasz Akos , Chateau Denis , Tellal Azeddine , Venier Amandine , Meille Sylvain , Montagnac Gilles , Chevalier Jérôme , Andraud Chantal , Baldeck Patrice L. , Parola Stephane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo‐photon lithography is a potential route to produce high‐resolution 3D ceramics. However, the large shrinkage due to the elimination of an important organic counterpart of the printed material during debinding/sintering remains a lock to further development of this technology. To limit this phenomenon, an original approach based on a composite resin incorporating 45 wt% ultrasmall (5 nm) zirconia stabilized nanoparticles into the zirconium acrylate precursor is proposed to process 3D zirconia microlattices and nanostructured optical surfaces. Interestingly, the nanoparticles are used both as seeds allowing control of the crystallographic phase formed during the calcination process and as structural stabilizing agent preventing important shrinkage of the printed ceramic. After 3D photolithography and pyrolysis, the weight and volume loss of the microstructures are drastically reduced as compared to similar systems processed with the reference resin without nanoparticles, and stable 3D microstructures of cubic zirconia are obtained with high spatial resolution. In the case of a patterned surface, the refractive index of 2.1 leads to a diffraction efficiency large enough to obtain microfocusing with linewidths of 0.1 µm, and the demonstration of a microlens array with a period as small as 0.8 µm.
Characterization of bending performance of reinforced cementitious composites beams with hybrid fibers after exposure to high temperatures
Authors: Li Li , Guan Junfeng , Xie Yan , Cao Mingli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe bending performance of reinforced beam containing steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, and calcium carbonate whisker after high temperature was studied. With the introduction of steel–PVA–whisker hybrid fibers, the thermal bursting and cracking of the reinforced beams were alleviated significantly. The peak load of reinforced beam was significantly increased with the introduction of 1.5 vol% steel fiber and 0.5 vol% PVA fiber. While the introduction of whisker led to decreased peak load and shear failure pattern of the beams, due to the decomposition of whisker at high temperature. The microscopic mechanism of action of fiber and whisker is discussed. A prediction model for the shear bearing capacity of reinforced beams with hybrid fibers after high temperature was proposed, considering the action of multiscale fibers and high temperature.
Evaluation of in vitro human skin models for studying effects of external stressors and stimuli and developing treatment modalities
Authors: Sutterby Emily , Thurgood Peter , Baratchi Sara , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Pirogova Elena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSkin is exposed to a variety of potential stressors and stimulators that may impact homeostasis, healing, tumor development, inflammation, and irritation. As such it is important to understand the impact that these stimuli have on skin health and function, and to develop therapeutic interventions. Animal experiments have been the gold standard for testing the safety and efficacy of therapeutics and observing disease pathology for centuries. However, complex ethics, costs, time consumption, and interspecies variation limit the transferability of results to humans and reduce their repeatability and reliability. Furthermore, traditional 2D cell studies are not representative of human tissue. Skin tissue is a dynamic environment, and when cells are isolated in unphysiologically stiff, static petri dishes their behavior, and phenotypic expression is altered. Increasingly complex in vitro models of human skin, including organoids, 3D bioprinting, and skin‐on‐a‐chip platforms, present the opportunity to gain insight into how stressors affect tissue at a cellular level in a controlled and repeatable environment. This insight can be leveraged to further understand pathological skin conditions and better formulate and validate drugs and therapeutics. Here, we will discuss the application of in vitro skin modeling to investigating the effects of mechanical, electromagnetic, and chemical stressors on skin.
Prophylactic effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxidative stress indices, physiological and behavioural responses of domestic pigeons exposed to road transport stress
Authors: Hosseinian S.A. , Ansari S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransport disturbs birds’ welfare and health status which lead to oxidative stress and dietary ascorbic acid mitigates the adverse effects of transport stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impacts of ascorbic acid administration on oxidative stress indices, cortisol, H/L ratio, tonic immobility reaction and rectal temperature of pigeons exposed to road transport. A total of 80 clinically healthy pigeons were selected and randomly divided to eight equal groups as follow: (1) Ctrl–: fed by basal diet and no subjected to transport stress; (2) Ctrl+: fed by the basal diet and subjected to transport stress; (3, 4) 1DBS10 and 1DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 1 day before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L of drinking water, respectively; (5, 6) 3DBS10 and 3DBS16: treated with ascorbic acid from 3 consecutive days before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively and (7, 8) 7DBS10 and 7DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 7 consecutive days before the transport at doses 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively. Birds were transported for 3 h over a distance of about 200 km. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and cortisol were measured before transport and at 6, 24 and 72 h post‐transportation. The rectal temperature and tunic immobility reactions were recorded. Dietary ascorbic acid led to a decrease in tonic immobility response, hetrophil to lymphocyte ratio, circulating cortisol and total antioxidant capacity, and an increase in circulating malondialdehyde in pigeons exposed to transport stress compare to Ctrl+ group. In conclusion, ascorbic acid administration at dose 16 g/100 L of drinking water from 3 and 7 days before exposure to stress helps attenuate undesirable effects of oxidative stress in pigeons.
Medizinische Zwillingsforschung in Deutschland
Authors: Enck Paul , Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Rieß Olaf , Hübener-Schmid Jeannette , Kagan Karl Oliver , Nieß Andreas Michael , Tümmers Henning , Wiesing Urban , Zipfel Stephan , Stengel Andreas ,   TwinHealth-Konsortium, Dufke Andreas , Brucker Sara Y. , Linneweh Miriam , Fischer Katja , Renner Tobias , Frick Julia-Stefanie , Martus Peter , Nahnsen Sven , Weimer Katja 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungNach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wurden weltweit Zwillingskohorten aufgebaut, die inzwischen ca. 1,5 Mio. Zwillinge umfassen und zwischen 1950 und 2012 über 2748 Zwillingsstudien hervorgebracht haben. Diese Zahl steigt jedes Jahr um weitere 500 bis 1000. Die Unterrepräsentanz deutscher Zwillingsstudien in diesen Datenbanken lässt sich nicht allein durch den Missbrauch medizinischer Forschung im Nationalsozialismus erklären. Entwicklung und Ausbau großer Zwillingskohorten sind ethisch und datenschutzrechtlich eine Herausforderung. Zwillingskohorten ermöglichen jedoch die Langzeit- und Echtzeiterforschung vieler medizinischer Fragestellungen; und die Zwillingsstudien tragen auch nach der Entschlüsselung des Humangenoms erheblich zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Anlage oder Umwelt als mögliche Erkrankungsauslöser bei.Derzeit gibt es 2 deutsche Zwillingskohorten: die biomedizinische KohorteHealthTwiStmit ca. 1500 Zwillingspaaren undTwinLife, eine soziologisch-psychologische Kohorte mit ca. 4000 Zwillingspaaren. Daneben gibt es krankheitsspezifische Kohorten. 2016 startete dasTwinHealth-Konsortium der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Tübingen mit dem Ziel, eine forschungsoffene und nachhaltige Zwillingsforschung am Standort Tübingen zur Bearbeitung unterschiedlicher Fragestellungen zu etablieren.Der Artikel bietet mithilfe einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und einer medizinhistorischen Betrachtung einen Überblick über die weltweite und nationale Entwicklung von Zwillingsstudien und -datenbanken der letzten 100 Jahre. Anhand der TübingerTwinHealth-Initiative beleuchtet er den Aufbau eines Zwillingskollektivs und dessen juristische, ethische und Datenschutzaspekte.