bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Is Not the Flu: Four Graphs From Four Countries
Authors: Stojanovic Jovana , Boucher Vincent G. , Boyle Jacqueline , Enticott Joanne , Lavoie Kim L. , Bacon Simon L. 
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 has caused a global public health emergency. Government mitigation strategies included a series of behavior-based prevention policies that had a likely impact on the spread of other contagious respiratory illnesses, such as seasonal influenza. Our aim was to explore how 2019–2020 influenza tracked onto COVID-19 pandemic and its mitigation methods.Materials and Methods: We linked the WHO FluNet database and COVID-19 confirmed cases (Johns Hopkins University) for four countries across the northern (Canada, the United States) and southern hemispheres (Australia, Brazil) for the period 2016–2020. Graphical presentations of longitudinal data were provided.Results: There was a notable reduction in influenza cases for the 2019–2020 season. Northern hemisphere countries experienced a quicker ending to the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza cases (shortened by 4–7 weeks) and virtually no 2020 fall influenza season. Countries from the southern hemisphere experienced drastically low levels of seasonal influenza, with consistent trends that were approaching zero cases after the introduction of COVID-19 measures.Conclusions: It is likely that the COVID-19 mitigation measures played a notable role in the marked decrease in influenza, with little to no influenza activity in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In spite of this reduction in influenza cases, there was still community spread of COVID-19, highlighting the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 compared to influenza. These results, together with the higher mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 compared to influenza, highlight that COVID-19 is a far greater health threat than influenza.
Should Robotic Surgery Simulation Be Introduced in the Core Surgical Training Curriculum?
Authors: Bhakhri Kunal , Harrison-Phipps K. , Harling Leanne , Routledge T. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:The focus of this research is to qualitatively analyse the literature and address the knowledge gap between robotic surgery simulation (RoSS) and core surgical training curriculum. It will compare the effectiveness and the benefits of using robotic simulators in training as compared to the current standard training methods.Materials and Methods:A qualitative research of literature was carried out with the use of critical analysis formatting to expand the search. The inclusion criteria entailed selecting academic resources that focused on Robotic Surgery Simulation (RoSS) and core surgical curriculum. The Online databases used in the search took into account information retrieval from stakeholders.Evidence Synthesis:In this article, we compiled and scrutinized the available relevant literature comparing performance assessments, surgical skills transfer and assessment tools between robotic surgery simulation (RoSS) and current training platforms in open and minimal access surgery. Data that has been published underpins the authenticity of robotic Surgery Simulation (RoSS), based on a combination of observational evaluation and simulation scores.Conclusion:The introduction of robotic surgery simulation (RoSS) has the potential to bring major improvements in the surgical training curriculum. RoSS platforms are more robust in terms of ensuring rapid surgical skills transfer/ acquisition, assessment is standardized, unbiased and the training covers non-technical skills aspects.
Exploring commissioners’ understandings of early primary care network development: qualitative interview study
Authors: Warwick-Giles Lynsey , Hammond Jonathan , Bailey Simon , Checkland Kath 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPrimary care networks (PCNs) are financially incentivised groupings of general practices in the English NHS. Their purpose is to deliver a number of policy goals set out in The NHS Long Term Plan. Clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) have a role in their establishment, support, and oversight.AimTo explore commissioners’ perspectives on the early development of PCNs.Design and settingQualitative study of CCG staff using telephone interviews.MethodSemi-structured interviews were carried out with 37 CCG employees involved in PCN establishment. Interviewees were asked about local PCNs’ characteristics, factors shaping development and form, activities to date, challenges and benefits, and their CCGs’ relationship with PCNs. Interviewee responses were summarised within a matrix and analysed thematically.ResultsThree meta-themes were identified: the multifaceted role of the commissioner, tensions between PCN policy and locally commissioned services, and engaging the broader system. Interviewees reported that the policy potentially favours those PCNs working from a ‘blank slate’ and does not sufficiently account for the fact some GP practices and wider system organisations have been doing similar work already. The prescriptive, contractual nature of the policy has led to local challenges, trying to ensure that local good practices are not lost during implementation. Interviewees also considered an important part of their work to be protecting PCNs from the weight of expectations placed on them.ConclusionCCGs are well placed to understand the complexities of local systems and to facilitate PCNs and working practices between wider system partners. It is important that this local role is not lost as CCGs continue to merge and cover larger geographical populations.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK AKAR ENCOK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Sudarmanto Igede 
Published: March 2021

Background: Resistance is defined as growth inhibition of bacteria with antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is known to be resistant to gentamicin and methicillin. Staphylococcus aureus can cause various infection of the skin, injuries, and system.
Methods: This research is true-experimental with Posttest-Only Control Group Design and using Kirby-Bauer method by means of five concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, dan 100%). The negative control uses sterile distilled water, and the positive control uses Vancomycin 30 µg.
Result: This research showed the mean of inhibition zone diameter of each concentration consecutively 16 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 23 mm, and 23 mm. Oneway ANOVA statistic analysis showed that the value of p is 0,000 that mean there is an influence of encok roots extract to Staphylococcus aureus growth.
Conclusion: There is an influence of encok roots extract to Staphylococcus aureus growth. Seen from its ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
KADAR PROTEIN URIN PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER II DAN III DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR BARAT
Authors: Merta Wayan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The presence of excess level of protein in pregnant women’s urine is one of the cause of preeclampsia, besides hypertension and edema. Some disease that can discover protein in pregnant women’s urine are renal diseases (glomerulus or tubular disease) and non-renal diseases (heart disease, liver disease, fever, stress, diabetes militus, hypertenssion). This study aims at describing the result of proteinuria level based on the examination from pregnant women’s urine of second and third trimester in Puskesmas II Denpasar Barat. This research applied a descriptive survey and the amount of samples was taken by using non-probability sampling method with insidental sampling technique, the data were collected from 39 respondents during the period of February to May 2016.The sample were examined semi-quantitatively by using dipstick test. Results of the examination to 39 samples indicates that 29 urine samples (74,36%) was negative, seven urine samples (17,95%) positive 1 (+), two urine samples (5,13%) positive 2 (++) and one urine samples (2,56%) positive 3 (+++).

keywords: pregnant woment; protein urine level; second trimester; third trimester
Liquid crystal lens with tunable conical lens properties
Authors: Kawamura Marenori , Ichimura Yuki , Sugawara Tomoki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional numerical calculation for analyzing reorientation in liquid crystal (LC) directors and optical phase retardation in an LC lens, which exhibits a tunable conical lens property, is developed. The proposed LC lens design employs a circular electrode, ring electrodes, and a circularly hole-patterned electrode employing a highly-resistive layer in a flat nematic cell. The three-dimensional tilt and azimuthal angle distributions are calculated. Subsequently, the conical phase retardation in the lens region can be estimated. The experimental results obtained for the optical phase profile agree well with the numerically calculated results.
The Effects of Brand Image and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions
Authors: Rosanti Novita , Karta Negara Salam  , Panus  
Published: March 2021

The study aim is to analyze are brand image and product quality partially positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions at Starbuck; Do brand image and product quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions at Starbucks; Which variable has the most dominant influence on purchasing decisions at Starbucks. In this study, the authors chose the research location in Starbucks, Trans Studio Mall, Makassar City. In connection with the problems previously stated, an analysis will be carried out based on the data obtained using the following calculation: (1) Validity test, used to measure whether a questionnaire is valid or not. A questionnaire is said to be useful if the questionnaire's questions can reveal something, which is measured by the questionnaire. The results showed that the brand image variable had positive and significant influences on purchasing decisions; this indicated that Starbucks should maintain a good brand reputation, increasing consumer loyalty. Introducing products to consumers will give a good impression, and consumers will also remember the product. The results showed that the product quality variable had positive and significant effects on purchasing decisions; this indicated that Starbucks had to improve the quality of the products offered to increase sales levels. 12.9% of variables are not examined in this thesis, and this also affects the purchasing decision at Starbucks Trans Studio Mall Makassar; the variables that are not examined are (Price, Location, and Lifestyle). Researched, so you can find out what variables influence a person to make purchasing decisions at Starbucks Trans Studio Mall Makassar. In this study, the authors chose the research location in Starbucks, Trans Studio Mall, Makassar City. In connection with the problems previously stated, an analysis will be carried out based on the data obtained using the following comment: (1) Validity test, used to measure whether a questionnaire is valid or not. A questionnaire is said to be useful if the questionnaire's questions can reveal something, which is measured by the questionnaire. The results showed that the brand image variable had positive and significant effects on purchasing decisions; this indicated that Starbucks should maintain a good brand reputation, increasing consumer loyalty. Introducing products to consumers will give a good impression, and consumers will also remember the product. The results showed that the product quality variable had positive and significant influences on purchasing decisions; this indicated that Starbucks had to improve the quality of the products offered to increase sales levels. 12.9% of variables are not examined in this thesis, and this also affects the purchasing decision at Starbucks Trans Studio Mall Makassar, the variables that are not examined are (Price, Location, and Lifestyle). Researched, so you can find out what variables influence a person to make purchasing decisions at Starbucks Trans Studio Mall Makassar.
Fault Related Stress and Fractures Analysis using the Anisotropy Signatures from Azimuthal Amplitude Variation in Lematang Trend, South Sumatera Basin
Authors: Nurhasan Abdullah , Ramdan Dadang , Azzaino Zuardin , Samudra Alexis Badai , Saputra Rino 
Published: March 2021

Evaluasi reservoir terrekahkan harus didasari pengetahuan tentang arah rekah dominan dan stress horizontal yang berlaku pada area studi demi mendapatkan rekomendasi arah pengeboran yang optimal. Namun demikian, informasi tentang stress yang banyak ditemukan adalah pada skala regional, global, maupun skala sumuran. Dalam hal pemodelan pada skala reservoir, data seismic dapat dijadikan penghubung kedua skala yang berjauhan tersebut.
Kehadiran rekahan dan stress pada batuan dapat menyebabkan karakter anisotropi di reservoir. Pada skala seismic, sifat anisotropi sebuah media dapat diamati dari perubahan amplitude dan waktu tempuh terhadap azimuth rambat dan pantulan gelombang seismic. Pada makalah ini, kami menggunakan data seismic pre-stack selangkah di depan metode Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) dan Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) yang masih mengandalkan perubahan amplitude terhadap sudut pantul, dengan mengamati perubahan amplitude terhadap azimuth (AVAZ). Untuk pencapai tujuan tersebut, kami memproses ulang data seismic 3D dengan menggunakan metode Offset Vector Tile (OVT) sehingga informasi azimuth tersimpan dengan baik.
Informasi yang digunakan untuk menginterpretasi orientasi rewkahan dan tress horizontal maximum adalah orientasi dan magnitude anisotropi. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan rekahan dan stress yang bersifat local dapat dengan yang bersifat regional dan global. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa arah pengeboran optimal tidak harus dikontrol oleh arah stress global.
The Character of Shylock as a Cultural Mark: Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and Bakathir's The New Shylock
Authors: Muhi Dr. Maysoon Taher , Saleh Dr. Maysam Bahaa , Hasson Sufyan Awad 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to depict the image of the Jew by two different authors of various periods of time. Undoubtedly, the Image of the Jew had been discussed and depicted in many plays of famous and prominent authors, especially during The Renaissance Era, such as Christopher Marlowe in his brilliant artistic work The Jew of Malta. In addition to, William Shakespeare’s glorious piece of art The Merchant of Venice which is described by Dr. Mahmoud Shetywi, in his article “The Merchant of Venice in Arabic” as the play that is considered till now as the most prominent Elizabethan comedy that has been studied, performed and adapted by many universal and Arab modern and contemporary authors ; who one of them is the Yemeni author and playwright Ali Ahmed Bakathir with his adaptation of The Merchant of Venice which is called The New Shylock , in which he relates the traditional Elizabethan image of the Jew to the issue of (The Arab – Israeli Conflict). So, this study endeavors to show the genius dramatic techniques, that are used by both authors and the effect of Shakespeare on Bakathier. The New Shylock can be considered an adaptation of The Merchant of Venice with modern modifications and new concepts that serve the purpose of Bakathir. Accordingly, the researchers will rely on the theory of adaptation in excavating the treasures of both texts. Moreover, there are various (psychological, political, social and anthropological) aspects of depth that they tried to convey within their creation of the character of Shylock and what does this character really imply of the essential issues, to criticize and relate them to their own societies and times.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Language of Persuasion Used in the Election Campaigns by American Parliaments
Authors: Janam Iman Jebur 
Published: March 2021

Persuasion can be defined as a scientific art which is closely connected with our life .Linguistically speaking, persuasion is achieved through many techniques termed "persuasive devices". These persuasive devices are covered in different domains of life. Accordingly, persuasion has been defined in various methods according to communication as ''a communication process in which a communicator searches to draw out a desired response from his receiver''. This paper investigates different strategies of persuasion used by different people in different domains of life and how those strategies differ when used in election parliament. The aim of this paper is to find out the strategies of persuasion used by different people and specifically in the election Campaigns. It is hypothesized that Americans use different strategies of persuasion in order to affect others by changing their beliefs, attitudes and so on. This paper explains what is meant by the term "critical discourse analysis", (henceforth CDA), elaborates on the political discourse analysis and shows how it differs from (CDA).Outlining persuasion with its strategies which are used to influence on the others. Besides, it analyzes the data selected for this study which is the speeches of Hillary Clinton and Donald trump through the polling, then discusses the results and conclusions.
الذكاء الاجتماعي وعلاقته بالمهارات اللغوية لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الإنجليزية في جامعة تعز – فرع التربة
Authors: عبد الله احمد أ.م.د عبد الله عثمان , سعيد محمد توفيق عبدو 
Published: March 2021

هدف البحث الحالي إلى اختبار الفرضيتين التاليتين:
لا توجد فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05 α ≤ ) بين الوسط المحسوب ، والوسط الفرضي في الذكاء الاجتماعي لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الانجليزية مستوى ثالث الذين أنجزوا مقررات المهارات اللغوية.
لا توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين الذكاء الاجتماعي والمهارات اللغوية لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الانجليزية مستوى ثالث الذين أنجزوا مقررات المهارات اللغوية.
تكونت عينة البحث من (137) طالبا وطالبة المقيدين في المستوى الثالث بقسم اللغة الإنجليزية، واستعمل الباحثان مقياس الذكاء الاجتماعي من اعداهما، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة بأنه توجد فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 0.05 α ≤ ) بين الوسط المحسوب والوسط الفرضي في الذكاء الاجتماعي لدى طلبة قسم اللغة الإنجليزية مستوى ثالث الذين أنجزوا مقررات المهارات اللغوية، وأظهرت النتائج أن هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين الذكاء الاجتماعي ، وأداء الطلبة في المهارات اللغوية المختلفة وبهذا رفضت الفرضيتان الصفريتان، وأوصت الدراسة بتضمين مقياس الذكاء الاجتماعي لاختبارات القبول أثناء قبول الطلبة في أقسام اللغة الإنجليزية ، وغيرها من أقسام اللغات الأجنبية الأخرى، وأوصت بتصميم وتنفيذ برامج ارشادية لتنمية الذكاء الاجتماعي لطلبة اللغة الإنجليزية واللغات الأجنبية الأخرى.
جودة مخرجات التعلم للطالبات الخريجات من كلية التربية جامعة حائل من وجهة نظر أرباب العمل وأعضاء هيأة التدريس على وفق رؤية المملكة2030
Authors: احمد محمد د. ام كلثوم 
Published: March 2021

هدف هذا البحث الى التعرف على جودة مخرجات التعلم للطالبات الخريجات من كلية التربية بجامعة حائل من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس وبعض ارباب العمل، بغية التعرف على جوانب القوة والضعف في برامج الكلية لعمل بعض التوصيات التحسينية بتلك البرامج، وللتحقق من هذا الهدف استخدمت الباحثة مقياس جودة مخرجات التعليم العالي من اعداد (الظالمي،2015) (alzalmi،2015) بعد عرضه على المحكمين، اشتمل المقياس على 35 فقرة مقسمة على (7) أبعاد، وللوصول الى نتائج البحث استخدمت الباحثة برنامج التحليل الاحصائي(spss)، توصلت النتائج الى: تتميز وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس وارباب العمل لجودة مخرجات التعليم العالي للطالبات الخريجات بجامعة حائل بالإيجابية، توجد فروق ذوات دلالة إحصائية في جودة التعليم العالي للطالبات الخريجات من كلية التربية جامعة حائل من وجهة نظر (أعضاء هيئة التدريس) وأرباب العمل (المستفيد/سوق العمل) تعزى لمتغير نوع الوظيفة، توجد فروق في وجهات النظر لأعضاء هيئة التدريس وارباب العمل تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة، وضعت بعض التوصيات والمقترحات البحثية المستقبلية بناء على تلك النتائج.
تجليات الاغتراب في ثلاثية (عبد الله صخي)
Authors: عبّاس عبد الصميدعي م.د. باسم محمّد 
Published: March 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مقاربة ثيمة الاغتراب واستكشاف تمظهراته التي تحرك مستويات الوعي والبنية الفكرية والشعورية للشخصيات؛ إذ شكّل هذا المعطى الإنساني في ثلاثية (عبد الله صخي) تياراً معرفياً وثقافياً هيمن على معطياتها واتجاهاتها الفكرية والفنية .
وقد اقتضى دراسة هذا النسق المعرفي والكشف عن تجلياته تناوله في مبحثين، الأول ينهض على دراسة وتأطير تجليات الاغتراب والإحاطة بأشكاله وتمظهراته، والثاني ينهض على تأصيل الأثر الفني والموضوعي للزمان والمكان في تشخيص ثيمة الاغتراب وتحديد الأبعاد النفسية والشعورية لتلك الشخصيات وأزماتها الذاتية والإنسانية.
الدولة في الفكر السياسي اليوناني القديم
Authors: خلخال د. رقية سعيد 
Published: March 2021

تمثل فكرة الدولة فكرة حيوية تاريخية تشكلت بعد الاجتماع البشري وأحياها مفكرو ما قبل الميلاد وهذا يدل على محور مهم هو أن الدولة تمثل هيأة سياسية وقانونية تعمل من أجل تحقيق الرفاه والسعادة لكل مواطنيها من خلال القانون الذي عن طريقه تتحقق دولة عظمى مبنية على أساس الحكمة والمعرفة التي أطلق عليها الفضيلة. أما (آرسطو) لم يكن ليختلف عن من سبقوه في عرض الأفكار مثل(سقراط-أفلاطون) ولكن الفرق يتجلى في إن (آرسطو) اختلف في صياغة الدولة كمفهوم منه عن (أفلاطون) ، فقد أوضح الثاني إن الدولة تتمثل بخمسة أنواع ، أما الأول فقد صاغ هذه الأنواع على وفق إطار السلطة أي أنواع الدول عند (أفلاطون) ترجمت أنواع للسلطة عند (آرسطو طاليس)، والفرق الآخر يتجلى أيضا بأن رجل الدولة عند (أفلاطون) يختلف عن الحاكم السياسي، أما (آرسطو طاليس) فقد أوضح إن رجل الدولة هو أيضا يختلف عن الحاكم السياسي وأيضا يختلف عن الماسك بزمام السلطة السياسية ويعد كل من (سقراط-أفلاطون) الأساتذة الذين جنى منهم مجموعة الأفكار، والطرح الذي جاء به هو أفكار تميل إلى أن تكون مثالية إلى حد ما، لكن التمييز الذي جاء فيما بعد هو كيفية الاختيار الواقعي الذي وقع عليه (آرسطو) وهو لم يكن من نسيج خيال أو أسطورة ، وإنما الواقعية نتجت من صميم الواقع المرير الذي عاشه وعلى الرغم من كل ما عرضه مفكرو اليونان إلا أنها مثلت بصمة حتى هذه اللحظة تنقل صورة وخريطة واقعية للدولة.
The influence of weather conditions during an autumn period on the development of basic wreckers and diseases of agrocenosis of winter wheat in Forest-Steppe zone
Authors: Parminska L. , Havryliuk N. 
Published: March 2021

Goal. To investigate the influence of weather conditions, to specify the terms of sowing in an autumn period and their influence on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat’s agrocenosis in the Forest-steppe zone. In conditions of climate change, specify the quantitative composition of the entomological and on phytopathogenic complexes in winter wheat chrops and the peculiarities of their manifestation.
Methods. Field research, laboratory research, and analytical research. The field researches have been conducted in the conditions of monitoring inspections. The results of the experimental data are counted and collected using modern standard computer programs (Word, Excel).
Results. Influence of weather conditions was investigated in the autumn period (air temperature, amount of precipitation) for 2006—2016 and the long-term seasonal dynamics of the number of basic wreckers on winter wheat sowing and detected features during climate change. Many years of weather conditions during winter wheat sowing have been analyzed.
Conclusions. Global warming and drought caused by it in the autumn period prolonged the term of the autumn vegetation of winter wheat. Through droughty conditions, or over wetting optimal terms of sowing were displaced for later. It was researched that optimal terms of winter wheat sowing are considered in the zone of the North Forest-steppe from 15—25 September, which is allowed until 30 September. The increase in air temperature and a sufficient amount of precipitation in the autumn period leads to dissemination of sowing the most widespread wreckers and affection of plants by diseases. With the approach of ETL, there may be a need for protective measures in the conditions of early sowing and prolonged warm autumn, especially after colony precursors. Autumn spraying crops with fungicidal agents prevents plant infections by pathogens in the early phases of plant development.