bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Controlled Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Vanadium‐Doped Tungsten Disulfide Semiconducting Monolayers
Authors: Ortiz Jimenez Valery , Pham Yen Thi Hai , Liu Mingzu , Zhang Fu , Yu Zhuohang , Kalappattil Vijaysankar , Muchharla Baleeswaraiah , Eggers Tatiana , Duong Dinh Loc , Terrones Mauricio , Phan Manh‐Huong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors hold enormous potential for modern optoelectronic devices and quantum computing applications. By inducing long‐range ferromagnetism (FM) in these semiconductors through the introduction of small amounts of a magnetic dopant, it is possible to extend their potential in spintronics. Here, light‐mediated, room temperature (RT) FM, in V‐doped WS2 (V‐WS2) monolayers is demonstrated. The authors probe this effect using the principle of magnetic LC resonance, which employs a soft ferromagnetic Co‐based microwire coil driven near its resonance in the radio frequency regime, where it is highly sensitive to changes in magnetic flux. They use this to measure the magnetic permeability of the V‐WS2 monolayer subject to light illumination. Notably, the magnetic permeability of the monolayer is found to depend on the laser intensity, thus confirming light control of RT magnetism in this material. Guided by density functional theory calculations, they attribute this phenomenon to the presence of excess holes in the conduction and valence bands, as well as carriers trapped in the magnetic doping states, which mediates the magnetization of the V‐WS2 monolayer. These findings provide a unique route to exploit light‐controlled ferromagnetism at RT and potentially establish a new subfield named photo‐spintronics.
Coupling of Ru and O‐Vacancy on 2D Mo‐Based Electrocatalyst Via a Solid‐Phase Interface Reaction Strategy for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cai Jialin , Ding Jie , Wei Donghui , Xie Xin , Li Baojun , Lu Siyu , Zhang Jianmin , Liu Yushan , Cai Qiang , Zang Shuangquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor most Mo‐based electrocatalysts, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity depends on their own active structural defects or extrinsic transition metal centers. In this work, in order to combine the advantages of these two different active centers, a solid‐phase interface reaction (SPIR) strategy is proposed, which simultaneously introduces oxygen vacancies (VO) and metal centers (Ru) into the 2D Mo‐based catalyst. Briefly, this SPIR occurs at the interface between MoS2 and RuO2 nanoparticles of the RuO2/MoS2 precursor when overcoming the kinetic barriers at a suitable temperature under an Ar atmosphere. Since the adjacent parts of RuO2 and MoS2 are converted to Ru and MoO2 in situ, a composite system MiSC‐1 containing a large amount of active Ru and VO on MoO2 plane is obtained. Furthermore, theoretical calculations confirm the proposed mechanism of SPIR. MiSC‐1 shows excellent stability and catalytic performance in the HER, with an overpotential value of 12 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Additionally, MiSC‐1 exhibits excellent performance in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. This report will provide a versatile platform for the preparation of a multi‐component catalyst with high total activity as well as the identification of the structural details of the catalysts.
Natural gene therapy by reverse mosaicism leads to improved hematology in Fanconi anemia patients
Authors: Ramírez María José , Pujol Roser , Trujillo‐Quintero Juan Pablo , Minguillón Jordi , Bogliolo Massimo , Río Paula , Navarro Susana , Casado José A. , Badell Isabel , Carrasco Estela , Balmaña Judith , Català Albert , Sevilla Julián , Beléndez Cristina , Argilés Bienvenida , López Mónica , Díaz de Heredia Cristina , Rao Gayatri , Nicoletti Eileen , Schwartz Jonathan D. , Bueren Juan A. , Surrallés Jordi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by chromosome fragility, bone marrow failure (BMF) and predisposition to cancer. As reverse genetic mosaicism has been described as “natural gene therapy” in patients with FA, we sought to evaluate the clinical course of a cohort of FA mosaic patients followed at referral centers in Spain over a 30‐year period. This cohort includes patients with a majority of T cells without chromosomal aberrations in the DEB‐chromosomal breakage test. Relative to non‐mosaic FA patients, we observed a higher proportion of adult patients in the cohort of mosaics, with a later age of hematologic onset and a milder evolution of (BMF). Consequently, the requirement for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) was also lower. Additional studies allowed us to identify a sub‐cohort of mosaic FA patients in whom the reversion was present in bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells leading to multilineage mosaicism. These multilineage mosaic patients are older, have a lower percentage of aberrant cells, have more stable hematology and none of them developed leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome when compared to non‐mosaics. In conclusion, our data indicate that reverse mosaicism is a good prognostic factor in FA and is associated with more favorable long‐term clinical outcomes.
In search of the earliest images of symmelia in works of art
Authors: Schwartz Charles E. , Stevenson Roger E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSymmelia (alias sirenomelia, mermaid malformation) is one of the most distinctive malformations which, not surprisingly, has attracted the attention of many artists, writers and other observers of the human condition. Works of art depicting symmelia date back at least two millennia. Some are anatomically based while others are more fanciful creations intended to stir the imagination. The figure of Atargatis as a mermaid on a first century BC coin is one of the earliest known images of symmelia. A nearly 2000‐year‐old Native American pottery figure representing an infant with symmelia is another.
Genetic and congenital disorders in pre‐Hispanic Moche pottery
Authors: Pachajoa Harry , Heyne Thomas , Candelo Estephania , Purizaca‐Rosillo Nelson , Correa‐Trigoso Denis E. , Gayoso Guillermo , Rodriguez Carlos Armando 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Moche were a pre‐Hispanic, pre‐Incan people who inhabited northwestern Peru from 50 to 850 AD and left behind a large body of ceramic artwork. We present 26 pieces from 5 museums, which seem to show individuals with malformations, minor anomalies, and possible genetic syndromes. Possible diagnoses include cleft lip and palate, ocular anomalies such as hypertelorism and orbital dystopia, oligo‐ and polydactyly, conjoined twinning, clubfoot, Down syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, and Seckel syndrome. These ceramic portraits suggest that these people with received a certain respect or even elevated status within their society.
Overgrowth in myth and art
Authors: Boccuto Luigi , Neri Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndividuals with overgrowth have been the subjects of numerous myths and art pieces in various cultures, often depicted as deities or creatures of divine origin, such as giants or titans. In more recent times, however, subjects with signs of generalized or segmental overgrowth have been considered as “freaks of nature,” in the disparaging language of the time, and represented in artworks as elements of entertainment or amusement. The different meanings assigned to overgrowth in myth and art through time provide an interesting perspective of the sociocultural approach to dysmorphic traits and genetic disorders.
Knowledge gaps in Alzheimer's disease immune biomarker research
Authors: Morgan David G. , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsiderable evidence has accumulated implicating a role for immune mechanisms in moderating the pathology in Alzheimer's disease dementia. However, the appropriate therapeutic target, the appropriate direction of manipulation, and the stage of disease at which to begin treatment remain unanswered questions. Part of the challenge derives from the absence of any selective pressure to develop a coordinated beneficial immune response to severe neural injury in adults. Thus, immune responses to the prevailing stimuli are likely to contain both beneficial and detrimental components. Knowledge gaps include: (1) how a biomarker change relates to the underlying biology, (2) the degree to which pathological stage group differences reflect a response to pathology versus trait differences among individuals regulating risk of developing pathology, (3) the degree to which biomarker levels are predictive of subsequent changes in pathology and/or cognition, and (4) experimental manipulations in model systems to determine whether differences in immune biomarkers are causally related to pathology.
Optical Signals to Monitor the Dynamics of Phonon‐Modified Rabi Oscillations in a Quantum Dot
Authors: Klaßen Marius R. , Reiter Doris E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots are solid state few‐level systems which can interact strongly with light. As such, they can be used as a single photon source or to perform solid‐state quantum‐optics experiments. A major difference to atoms is the interaction with the lattice vibrations, that is, the phonons, which strongly affect the optical signals from a quantum dot. In this paper, we calculate the time‐resolved pump‐probe signals from a continuously driven quantum dot accounting for detuned excitation and electron–phonon interaction. We provide analytical equations giving insight into the different phenomena observed in the spectra like an oscillation between absorptive and dispersive line shapes. For detuned excitation, the electron–phonon interaction can lead to phonon‐assisted occupation of the exciton, giving rise to a strong asymmetry in the dynamical behavior depending on the sign of the detuning. The time‐resolved spectra monitor this relaxation path, which helps understanding the effect of electron–phonon interaction in quantum dots.
Photocatalytic one‐pot multidirectional N‐alkylation over Pt/D‐TiO2/Ti3C2: Ti3C2‐based short‐range directional charge transmission
Authors: Jiang Heyan , Sheng Meilin , Li Yue , Kong Shuzhen , Bian Fengxia 
Published: May 2021

Visible‐light‐induced one‐pot, multistep, and chemoselectivity adjustable reactions highlight the economical, sustainable, and green process. Herein, we report Pt nanoparticles dispersed on S and N co‐doped titanium dioxide/titanium carbide (MXene) (3%Pt/D‐TiO2/Ti3C2) heterojunctions as photocatalysts for the tandem reactions between aromatic nitro compounds and alcohols to produce N‐alkylated products. 3%Pt/D‐TiO2/Ti3C2 heterojunction was prepared by in situ grew TiO2 on Ti3C2 nanosheets, S and N co‐doped TiO2 with thiourea, and then Pt nanoparticles with 2.9 nm average diameter well dispersed on D‐TiO2/Ti3C2. 3%Pt/D‐TiO2/Ti3C2 showed excellent activity and chemoselectivity to N‐alkyl amines in the presence of base additive K3PO4 under visible‐light irradiation; interestingly the chemoselectivity almost completely switched to N‐benzylideneanilines in the presence of base additive KOH. In comparison, Pt nanoparticles on S and N co‐doped TiO2 prepared from titanium carbide (3%Pt/D‐TiO2@C) showed sharply decreased activity and chemoselectivity to N‐alkyl amines or N‐benzylideneanilines. The enhanced performance of 3%Pt/D‐TiO2/Ti3C2 should be attributed to the improvement in photogenerated electron and hole separation efficiency by means of charge short‐range directional transmission caused by the intimate contact between the TiO2 and the conductive Ti3C2. In situ DRIFTS spectra further verified that the substrates activation with visible‐light irradiation at 25°C was much faster than heating.
Assessing the Causal Relationships Between Insulin Resistance and Hyperuricemia and Gout Using Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization
Authors: McCormick Natalie , O’Connor Mark J. , Yokose Chio , Merriman Tony R. , Mount David B. , Leong Aaron , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveHyperuricemia is closely associated with insulin resistance syndrome (and its many cardiometabolic sequelae); however, whether they are causally related has long been debated. We undertook this study to investigate the potential causal nature and direction between insulin resistance and hyperuricemia, along with gout, by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.MethodsWe used genome‐wide association data (n = 288,649 for serum urate [SU] concentration; n = 763,813 for gout risk; n = 153,525 for fasting insulin) to select genetic instruments for 2‐sample MR analyses, using multiple MR methods to address potential pleiotropic associations. We then used individual‐level, electronic medical record–linked data from the UK Biobank (n = 360,453 persons of European ancestry) to replicate our analyses via single‐sample MR analysis.ResultsGenetically determined SU levels, whether inferred from a polygenic score or strong individual loci, were not associated with fasting insulin concentrations. In contrast, genetically determined fasting insulin concentrations were positively associated with SU levels (0.37 mg/dl per log‐unit increase in fasting insulin [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.15, 0.58]; P = 0.001). This persisted in outlier‐corrected (β = 0.56 mg/dl [95% CI 0.45, 0.67]) and multivariable MR analyses adjusted for BMI (β = 0.69 mg/dl [95% CI 0.53, 0.85]) (P < 0.001 for both). Polygenic scores for fasting insulin were also positively associated with SU level among individuals in the UK Biobank (P < 0.001). Findings for gout risk were bidirectionally consistent with those for SU level.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence to clarify core questions about the close association between hyperuricemia and insulin resistance syndrome: hyperinsulinemia leads to hyperuricemia but not the other way around. Reducing insulin resistance could lower the SU level and gout risk, whereas lowering the SU level (e.g., allopurinol treatment) is unlikely to mitigate insulin resistance and its cardiometabolic sequelae.
Evaluation of analytical solution of advection diffusion equation in three dimensions
Authors: Essa Khaled S. M. , Mosallem Ahmed M. , Shalaby Ahmed S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional advection–diffusion equation with steady state was evaluated from continuous point source taking the vertical and crosswind eddy diffusivities as power law of vertical height and downwind distance with constant wind speed to get the concentration in three dimensions. Separation of variables technique and Hankel transform were used to calculate this equation. The proposed analytical solution was compared with diffusion experiment of radioactive Iodine‐135 (I135) in unstable condition at Inshas, Cairo, Egypt. A good agreement achieved between calculated and observed concentration support our proposed model.
Visible Light‐Promoted Aryl Azoline Formation over Mesoporous Organosilica as Heterogeneous Photocatalyst
Authors: Wei Wenxin , Li Run , Huber Niklas , Kizilsavas Gönül , Ferguson Calum T. J. , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractN‐heterocyclic compounds demonstrate wide applications ranging from natural compound production to coordination chemistry. Usually, the synthesis of N‐heterocyclic compounds is conducted under thermal conditions, mostly by Lewis acids or metal‐containing compounds as molecular catalysts. Here, we report a photocatalytic route for aryl azoline formation by mesoporous organosilica as visible light‐active and heterogeneous photocatalyst. Via formation of aromatic aldehydes with various amines, 2‐phenyl‐2‐imidazoline, 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline, 2‐phenyl‐2‐thiazoline and their derivatives could be formed with high conversion and selectivity. Additionally, the organosilica photocatalyst showed high stability and reusability.
Green Chemistry Meets Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Critical Overview on Catalysts Synthesis
Authors: Antenucci Achille , Dughera Stefano , Renzi Polyssena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCan green chemistry be the right reading key to let organocatalyst design take a step forward towards sustainable catalysis? What if the intriguing chemistry promoted by more engineered organocatalysts was carried on by using renewable and naturally occurring molecular scaffolds, or at least synthetic catalysts more respectful towards the principles of green chemistry? Within the frame of these questions, this Review will tackle the most commonly occurring organic chiral catalysts from the perspective of their synthesis rather than their employment in chemical methodologies or processes. A classification of the catalyst scaffolds based on their E factor will be provided, and the global E factor (EG factor) will be proposed as a new green chemistry metric to consider, also, the synthetic route to the catalyst within a given organocatalytic process.
Standalone electric vehicle charging station using an isolated bidirectional converter with snubber
Authors: Krishnan Nair Divya , Prasad Krishnamachar , Lie Tek T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rise of green technologies in transportation requires electric vehicles (EV) as a prominent solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. An off‐grid EV charging station plays a significant role in remote regions leading to increased use of EVs. Solar energy promises to be the best solution due to its abundance and simple installation. As solar energy is not constant over a 24‐hour period, there is a need for an energy storage unit (ESU) along with a photovoltaic array. In this paper, we present an efficient design approach that uses a fast‐charging station with a maximum power point tracking boost converter, a bidirectional DC‐DC converter with a snubber circuit, and ESU. The power electronic converters with an active snubber and two capacitive‐diode snubbers act as the energy sources that interface with the ESU. The snubber circuits achieve near zero voltage switching and zero current switching for the converter, thus improving overall efficiency. ESU meets the energy demand for EVs when there is insufficient generated solar energy. On the other hand, during the excess generation of solar energy, ESU utilizes this energy to develop an optimal power management system. This results in a green, reliable, and efficient off‐grid EV charging station. The proposed method is validated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify system performance.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of boulardii yeast cell wall polysaccharides: Characterization and its biological functions on early‐weaned lambs
Authors: Liu Mengjian , Liu WuJun , Zhang WenJu , Yao Jun , Mo Xucheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFirstly, this study was designed to determine the optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters of Saccharomyces boulardii yeast wall polysaccharides (BYWP). Besides, the molecular weight and the ratio of mannose to glucose in compositions of BYWP were determined. Also, the effects of BYWP on the gain feed ratio, diarrhea frequency, intestinal morphology, intestinal immunity, and intestinal microbial flora of early‐weaned lambs were investigated. Single‐factor tests and Response surface optimization analysis (RSA) were used to obtain the optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions. Sephadex G‐100 column chromatography and liquid chromatography were used to analyze the molecular weight and ratio of mannose to glucose. The feeding trial was used to observe the biological functions of BYWP on early‐weaned lambs. A total of 72 36‐day‐old crossbred early‐weaned lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 lambs per replicate. Lambs in the four treatments were fed basal milk replacer without supplement (Group I), basal milk replacer+0.1% BYWP (Group II), basal milk replacer+0.3% BYWP (Group III), and basal milk replacer+0.5% BYWP (Group IV), respectively. The optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters were as follows: NaOH addition: 52.63%, ultrasonic power: 143.15 W, ultrasonic time: 86.20 min, and the optimized extraction yield reached 37.54%. The molecular weights of main components BLC‐1 and BLC‐2 were 164.68 KDa and 13.21 KDa, and their proportions in BYWP were 24.57% and 66.08%, respectively. The proportions of glucose, mannose in BLC‐1 and BLC‐2 were 47.68%, 39.18%, and 76.59%, 6.86%, respectively. The addition of 0.3% and 0.5% BYWP in basal milk replacer significantly increased the average daily gain and feed conversion rate, and decreased the average fecal index and diarrhea rate of early‐weaned lambs. The addition of 0.3% and 0.5% BYWP significantly enhanced the intestinal morphology (villus height, crypt depth, and V/C value) of jejunum, ileum (p < .05). The addition of 0.3% and 0.5% BYWP significantly improved the levels of SIgA and IL‐10, but significantly decreased the level of IL‐1 in the ileum (p < .05). The addition of 0.3% and 0.5% BYWP significantly increased the number of Lactobacillus, but significantly suppressed the growth of Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens (p < .05). The results of the present study suggest that the supplementation of BYWP in the diet of early‐weaned lambs could increase feed utilization rate, and enhance intestinal morphology, immunological competence, microbial flora balance, and decrease the rate of diarrhea occurrence.
Usefulness of the Stroop Test in Diagnosing Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Shiraki Makoto , Nishimura Kayoko , Miwa Takao , Maeda Toshihide , Ogiso Yui , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: May 2021

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) adversely affects the clinical outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Stroop test in the diagnosis of MHE and prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in Japanese patients with cirrhosis. We enrolled 152 patients who underwent the Stroop test between November 2018 and February 2020. MHE was diagnosed using a combination of neuropsychological tests as the gold standard. The enrolled patients were followed up prospectively until the occurrence of OHE or August 2020. The optimal cutoff value of the Stroop test measurements was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and its predictive ability was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Among the 139 eligible patients, 50 (36%) were diagnosed with MHE. The OffTime+OnTime cutoff value of 218.3 seconds had the best discriminative ability for MHE diagnosis, with an AUC of 0.77, a sensitivity of 74%, and a specificity of 75%. During a median follow‐up of 10.8 months, 6 (4%) patients developed OHE. The OffTime+OnTime cutoff value of 305.6 seconds had the highest predictive ability for OHE, with an AUC of 0.79, a sensitivity of 67%, and a specificity of 92%. This value predicted OHE occurrence independent of liver functional reserve and prior OHE (hazard ratio, 19.8; P = 0.003). These two cutoff values remained statistically significant even when patients with prior OHE were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: The Stroop test was useful for diagnosing patients with MHE and predicting OHE in Japanese patients with cirrhosis.