bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The disappearance of IPO in myocardium of diabetes mellitus rats is associated with the increase of succinate dehydrogenase-flavin protein
Authors: Deng Mengyuan , Chen Wei , Wang Haiying , Wang Yan , Zhou Wenjing , Yu Tian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the disappearance of ischemic post-processing (IPO) in the myocardium of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with the increase of succinate dehydrogenase-flavin protein (SDHA).

Methods
A total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 300–400 g, were divided into 5 groups according to the random number table method, each with 10 rats. After DM rats were fed a high-fat and -sugar diet for 4 weeks, they were injected with Streptozotocin to establish the diabetic rat model. Normal rats were fed the same regular diet for the same number of weeks. Next, the above rats were taken to establish a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were used to detect whether the DM rat model was established successfully. Taking blood from the femoral artery to collect the blood-gas analysis indicators, and judged whether the CPB model is established. After perfusion was performed according to the experimental strategy, the area of myocardial infarction (MI), and serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin (CTnI) levels were measured. Finally, the relative mRNA and protein expression of SDHA was detected.

Results
The OGTT and IPGTT suggested that the DM rat model was successfully established. The arterial blood gas analysis indicated that the CPB model was successfully established. As compared with the N group, the heart function of the IR group was significantly reduced, the levels of myocardial enzyme markers, the area of MI, as well as the relative mRNA and protein expression of SDHA, were all increased. As compared with the IR group, the CK-MB and CTnI levels in the IPO group, the MI area, relative mRNA and protein expression of SDHA decreased. As compared with the IPO group, the myocardial enzyme content in the DM + IPO group, the MI area and the relative mRNA and protein expression of SDHA increased. As compared with the DM + IPO group, in the DM + IPO + dme group, the myocardial enzyme content, area of MI and relative mRNA and protein expression were all decreased.

Conclusion
IPO can inhibit the expression of SDHA, reduce MIRI and exert a cardioprotective effect in the normal rats. However, the protective effect of IPO disappears in the diabetic rats. The inhibitor dme combined with IPO can increase the expression of SDHA and restore the protective effect of IPO in DM myocardia.
Combination inhibition activity of chlorhexidine and antibiotics on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro
Authors: Lin Fei , Yu Bin , Wang Qinghui , Yuan Mingyong , Ling Baodong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Chlorhexidine is a widely used disinfectant in clinical settings and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. However, disinfectant resistant or non-susceptible bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, have been found. This study aimed to develop a new technique to prevent and control A. baumannii infection in the hospital setting.

Methods
Chlorhexidine combined with minocycline, doxycycline, meropenem, imipenem, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were tested against the 30 multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates. The checkerboard test was used to calculate the fractional inhibitory concentration index according to the minimum inhibitory concentration value for chlorhexidine combined with antibiotics.

Results
The combination of chlorhexidine with minocycline, doxycycline, meropenem, or ciprofloxacin showed synergistic responses in all clinical isolates, and more than 50% of isolates showed FICI ≤0.5. However, chlorhexidine together with imipenem or levofloxacin showed indifferent responses in 10% and 3.33% clinical isolates, respectively. In all tests, combinations of chlorhexidine with each of the above six antibiotics showed synergistic and additive effects, and inhibited the clinical isolates.

Conclusions
We concluded that, chlorhexidine combined with antibiotics could be used to control the risk of infection with A. baumannii.
MRI-based nomogram analysis: recognition of anterior peritoneal reflection and its relationship to rectal cancers
Authors: Zhang Shaoting , Chen Fangying , Ma Xiaolu , Wang Minjie , Yu Guanyu , Shen Fu , Gao Xianhua , Lu Jianping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study is aimed to explore the factors influencing the visualization of the anterior peritoneal reflection (APR) and evaluated the feasibility of measuring the distance from the anal verge to APR (AV-APR), the tumor height on MRI and the accuracy of determining the tumor location with regard to APR.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 110 patients with rectal cancer. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the independent factors (age, sex, T stage, the degree of bladder filling, pelvic effusion, intraoperative tumor location, BMI, uterine orientation, the distance from seminal vesicle/uterus to rectum) associated with the visualization of the APR on MRI. The nomogram diagram and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were established. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency of the distance of AV-APR. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to characterize the agreement between measurements of the tumor height by colonoscopy and MRI. The Kappa statistics was used to evaluate the value of MRI in the diagnosis of the tumor location with regard to the APR.

Results
Multivariate logistic regression showed that BMI (P = 0.031, odds ratio, OR = 1.197), pelvic effusion (P = 0.020, OR = 7.107) and the distance from seminal vesicle/uterus to the rectum (P = 0.001, OR = 3.622) were correlated with the visualization of APR. The cut-off point of BMI and the distance from seminal vesicle/uterus to the rectum is 25.845 kg/m2 and 1.15 cm. The area under curve (AUC) (95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI) of the combined model is 0.840 (0.750–0.930). The favorable calibration of the nomogram showed a non-significant Hosmer–Lemeshow test statistic (P = 0.195). The ICC value (95% CI) of the distance of AV-APR measured by two radiologists was 0.981 (0.969–0.989). The height measured by MRI and colonoscopy were correlated with each other (r = 0.699, P < 0.001). The Kappa value was 0.854.

Conclusions
BMI, pelvic effusion, and the distance from seminal vesicle/uterus to rectum could affect the visualization of APR on MRI. Also, it’s feasible to measure the distance of AV-APR, the tumor height, and to evaluate the tumor location with regard to APR using MRI.
Imaging features and radiologic-pathologic correlations of inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
Authors: Xu Lingbin , Ge Rong , Gao Shanshan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (IPT-like FDCS) is a rare tumor. This study aimed to reveal the radiological characteristics of IPT-like FDCS by radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Results
We analyzed two cases of IPT-like FDCS in the liver, nine in the spleen, and two in both the liver and spleen concomitantly. IPT-like FDCS presented as well-defined iso- or hypodense masses on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images in both the liver and spleen. Hyperintensities on T1-weighted images and hypointensities on T2-weighted images with hypointense rings were characteristic features in splenic cases. “Halo signs” were observed in two out of three liver tumors. Hepatic lesions showed significant enhancement, whereas splenic lesions showed only mild enhancement. Delayed annular enhancement was observed in both liver and spleen cases. On ultrasonographic examination, IPT-like FDCS presented as hypoechoic lesions with enhancement similar to that observed on CT. Hyaline fibrous pseudocapsules, which correlated with the hypointensities on T2-weighted images, were microscopically observed at the tumor edge. IPT-like FDCS was characterized by an abundance of small blood vessels and capillaries. Capillaries were also found in the fibrous capsule of some IPT-like FDCSs, which may explain the delayed annular enhancement.

Conclusions
The manifestations of IPT-like FDCS in the liver and spleen showed differences that warrant them to be approached differently during diagnosis. Characteristic radiological findings of IPT-like FDCS included different enhancement patterns between liver and spleen tumors and rim-like hypointensities on T2-weighted images, as well as annular enhancement on CT and magnetic resonance images. These imaging features correlated with tumor pathology.
Venous hypertension caused by a meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus: case report
Authors: Sumi Koichiro , Otani Naoki , Mori Fumi , Yamamuro Shun , Oshima Hideki , Yoshino Atsuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Intracranial venous hypertension has been associated with a few cases of meningioma secondary to compression of the venous sinus. This is the rare case of small meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus leading to intracranial venous hypertension mimicking venous thrombosis.

Case presentation
A 39-year-old woman suffered visual dysfunction due to bilateral papilledema. Noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) showed no intracranial space-occupying lesions or hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed high opening pressure. Various image inspections such as three-dimensional CT angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral angiography demonstrated a small 2.5-cm lesion causing subtotal occlusion of the dominant right sigmoid sinus. No improvement of clinical manifestations was observed after medical treatment for 6 months, so right presigmoid craniectomy was performed. Operative findings revealed that the tumor was located predominantly involving the sigmoid sinus. The pathological diagnosis was fibrous meningioma. Postoperative fundoscopic examination showed improvement of bilateral papilledema.

Conclusions
We treated a patient presenting with intracranial hypertension due to a small meningioma involving the sigmoid sinus. This unusual case suggests that early surgical strategies should be undertaken to relieve the sinus obstruction.
The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Gama Camila Monteiro Fabricio , Portugal Liana Catarina Lima , Gonçalves Raquel Menezes , de Souza Junior Sérgio , Vilete Liliane Maria Pereira , Mendlowicz Mauro Vitor , Figueira Ivan , Volchan Eliane , David Isabel Antunes , de Oliveira Leticia , Pereira Mirtes Garcia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is unfortunately widespread globally and has been linked with an increased risk of a variety of psychiatric disorders in adults, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These associations are well established in the literature for some maltreatment forms, such as sexual and physical abuse. However, the effects of emotional maltreatment are much less explored, even though this type figures among the most common forms of childhood maltreatment. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of each type of childhood maltreatment, both individually and conjointly, on revictimization and PTSD symptom severity using a nonclinical college student sample.

Methods
Five hundred and two graduate and undergraduate students participated in the study by completing questionnaires assessing lifetime traumatic experiences in general, maltreatment during childhood and PTSD symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate negative binomial regressions were applied to examine the associations among childhood maltreatment, revictimization, and PTSD symptom severity.

Results
Our results showed that using bivariate models, all types of CM were significantly associated with revictimization and PTSD symptom severity. Multivariate models showed that emotional abuse was the type of maltreatment associated with the highest incidence rates of revictimization and PTSD symptom severity.

Conclusions
These data provide additional evidence of the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment and its long-term consequences for individuals’ mental health. Notably, the findings highlight the importance of studying the impacts of emotional abuse, which seems to be a highly prevalent, understudied, and chronic form of maltreatment that is as toxic as other maltreatment forms.
Self-esteem, social support and coping strategies of left-behind children in rural China, and the intermediary role of subjective support:a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Cui Shu , Cheng Fangshuo , Zhang Ling , Zhang Chao , Yuan Qiuyu , Huang Cui , Zhang Kai , Zhou Xiaoqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Negative coping strategies and behavioral problems are common among Chinese left-behind children, which are relate to a variety of negative consequences. At this stage of development, the relevant factors of coping strategies need to be further studied, in which social support and self-esteem are worthy of our attention. The aim of this study is to detect the current situation of self-esteem, social support, and coping styles of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China.

Methods
322 children from 3 schools in China enrolled in this study, including 236 LBC and 86 non-left-behind children (NLBC) to assess self-esteem, social support and coping strategies.

Results
The LBC group had lower self-esteem score and lower total social support (subjective support, objective support and support-seeking behavior) than the NLBC group. In terms of coping strategies, the LBC group was lower than the NLBC group in problem-solving and rationalization. The self-esteem score in LBC was significant positive associated with the subjective support score, objective support score, problem-solving and help-seeking score. In addition, self-esteem has significant mediating effect between subjective support and problem-solving, subjective support and help-seeking, respectively.

Conclusions
The finding indicate that Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support need to be improved. Given the significant correlativity between self-esteem, subjective support and coping strategy, it is necessary to promote Chinese LBC’s self-esteem and social support, especially subjective support.
Working from home during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sweden: effects on 24-h time-use in office workers
Authors: Hallman David M. , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Heiden Marina , Svensson Sven , Bergström Gunnar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered national recommendations encouraging people to work from home (WFH), but the possible impact of WFH on physical behaviors is unknown. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the 24-h allocation of time to different physical behaviors changes between days working at the office (WAO) and days WFH in office workers during the pandemic.

Methods
Data were collected on 27 office workers with full-time employment at a Swedish municipal division during the COVID-19 outbreak in May–July 2020. A thigh-worn accelerometer (Axivity) was used to assess physical behavior (sedentary, stand, move) during seven consecutive days. A diary was used to identify periods of work, leisure and sleep. 24-h compositions of sedentary, standing and moving behaviors during work and non-work time were examined using Compositional data analysis (CoDA), and differences between days WAO and days WFH were determined using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results
Days WFH were associated with more time spent sleeping relative to awake, and the effect size was large (F = 7.4; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.22). The increase (34 min) in sleep time during WFH occurred at the expense of a reduction in work and leisure time by 26 min and 7 min, respectively. Sedentary, standing and moving behaviors did not change markedly during days WFH compared to days WAO.

Conclusion
Days working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden were associated with longer duration of sleep than days working at the office. This behavioral change may be beneficial to health.
Prognostic factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut among fragile state Congolese women: a survival analysis
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael , Ekholuenetale Charity Ehimwenma , Barrow Amadou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the common restrictive abortion laws, abortion remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Women still utilize abortion services and put their lives and health at risk because abortion can only be procured illegally in private facilities such as mid-level or small patent medicine store that may be manned by unskilled providers or through a non-medicated approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abortion, the reasons women had abortions, median years to first abortion after sexual debut and examine the factors of time to first abortion among women of reproductive age in the Republic of Congo.

Methods
We used data from the most recent Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). A total sample of 3622 women aged 15–49 years was analyzed. We estimated the overall prevalence of abortion and median years to first abortion. Furthermore, we examined the factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut using multivariable Cox regression and reported the estimates using adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05.

Results
60% of pregnancies which are terminated are as a result of induced abortion and median years of time to first abortion after sexual debut was 9.0. The prominent reasons for abortion were due to too short birth interval (23.8%), lack of money (21.0%) and that husband/partner did not need a child at that time (14.0%). Women’s age and region were notable factors in timing to first abortion. Furthermore, women from poorer, middle, richer and richest households had 34, 67, 86 and 94% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women from poorest households (all p < 0.05). Women currently in union/living with a man and formerly in union had 41 and 29% reduction in the risk of abortion respectively, when compared with those never in union (all p < 0.05). In addition, women with primary and secondary+ education had 42 and 76% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women with no formal education (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion
There was high prevalence of abortion with short years at first abortion. Abortion was associated with women’s characteristics. There is need for unwanted pregnancy prevention intervention and the improvement in pregnancy care to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among women.
Extended field-of-view ultrasound imaging is reliable for measuring Transversus Abdominis muscle size at rest and during contraction
Authors: Johnson A. Wayne , Adams Lauren , Kho Jade B. , Green Daniel M. , Pace Nicolas B. , Mitchell Ulrike H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The strength and size of core muscles, including the abdominal muscles, are crucial to proper function in most activities. Therefore, it is important to reliably assess these characteristics. Our primary objective was to determine if the length, thickness and cross-sectional area of the transversus abdominis (TrA) can be visualized independently from the internal and external abdominal oblique muscles using extended field of view ultrasound imaging at rest and with contraction and to establish its intra- and inter-tester reliability.

Methods
Twenty-six individuals were recruited to participate in the study (20 F, 6 M), average age 24.0 years (SD 9.4), height 170.7 cm (SD 8.6) and weight 63.9 kg (SD 9.0). From this total number of participants, two groups of 16 randomly selected participants were assessed to determine intra- and inter-tester reliability respectively. Extended field of view ultrasound images were obtained at three vertebral levels during rest and contraction in the side lying position for both the right and left sides of the trunk.

Results
Excellent intra-tester and inter-tester reliability was seen (ICC range of 0.972 to 0.984). The overall average percent standard error of the measurement for all measurements and locations was approximately 4%. The overall average minimal difference for the thickness measurement for the resting and contraction conditions combined were as follows: intratester 0.056 (0.014) cm and intertester 0.054 (0.017) cm, for area intratester 0.287 (0.086) cm2 and intertester 0.289 (0.101) cm2 and for length intratester 0.519 (0.097) cm and intertester 0.507 (0.085) cm.

Conclusions
Extended field of view ultrasound imaging is an effective method of reliably capturing clear images of the TrA during rest and contraction. It provides an efficient mechanism for the analysis of muscle morphology by being able to measure the cross-sectional area, thickness, and length on one image. This methodology is recommended for studies investigating TrA function and training.
Comparative short-term outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program and non-ERAS traditional care in elderly patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Zhong-En , Lu Shi-Bao , Kong Chao , Sun Wen-Zhi , Wang Peng , Zhang Si-Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is an evidence-based improvement over non-ERAS traditional care. The aim of the present study was to analyze the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of an ERAS program in patients over 70 years undergoing lumbar arthrodesis by comparison with non-ERAS traditional care.

Methods
During January 2018 to December 2018, patients enrolled received non-ERAS traditional care, while the ERAS program was implemented from January to December 2019. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, surgical data and postoperative recovery parameters were collected from all patients. Postoperative pain scores were evaluated by visual analog scales (VAS). The clinical outcomes were length of stay (LOS), postoperative complications and postoperative pain scores. Compliance results were also collected.

Result
A total of 127 patients were enrolled, including 67 patients in the non-ERAS traditional care group and 60 patients in the ERAS group. The demographic characteristics and comorbidities of the two groups showed no significant differences. The LOS of patients treated with ERAS program (13.6 ± 4.0 days) was significantly less than that of patients treated with non-ERAS traditional care (15.6 ± 3.9 days) (p = 0.034). Complication rate was 8.3% in the ERAS group versus 20.9% in the non-ERAS traditional care group (p = 0.048). VAS (back) in the ERAS group was significantly lower on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2. Postoperative recovery parameters were improved in the ERAS group. The overall compliance with the ERAS program was 94%.

Conclusions
Based on our results, ERAS program is safer and more effective for elderly patients over 70 undergoing lumbar arthrodesis than non-ERAS traditional care.