bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Third Interface Echo TIE Response Through Inner Casing to Enucleate the Outer Casing Geometry in 3D View
Authors: Kumar Apoorva , Bansal Palak , Agrawal Gaurav , Singh Kamaljeet , Dutta Shaktim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Casings can deform over the life of the well due to various reasons such as changing stress regimes, geological fault and fractures causing pinching, pressure differential created due to production, increased pressure due to injection, squeezing formations such as shale and salt, etc. A detailed casing deformation evaluation can provide insights to the operators in correlating the deformation to suitable reasons in their field.
There are various methods to evaluate the innermost casing or tubing using ultrasonic and mechanical caliper measurements but there is no technology available to evaluate outer or second casing deformation without first retrieving the inner casing or tubing. This work introduces and encapsulates the novel methodology of transforming the outer or second casing third interface echo (TIE) response, obtained by advanced ultrasonic and flexural measurement inside innermost casing or tubing, into a 3D wellbore view to suitably visualize and analyze the outer or second string deformations.
The work involves measuring the azimuthal radius and thickness of the innermost casing with the ultrasonic evaluation technique and computing the azimuthal annular distance between the two casings using the flexural wave TIE arrival time and its velocity in the annular fluid. The computed values are then combined to generate an array of azimuthal internal radius values of the outer or second casing and is finally converted into a 3D wellbore image for better and straight-forward visualization.
To validate the methodology, a shop inspection test (SIT) was carried out where the dimensions of the inner and the outer casing were precisely measured with a mechanical caliper tool. Following that, ultrasonic and flexural measurement tool was run inside the innermost casing to obtain the response of both casings.
The comparison showed a close match between the actual values and the measurements. Also, the 3D wellbore shape clearly showed the geometry of the outer string validating the methodology used in the creation of the 3D shape. The work can enable the operators to carry out time lapse outer string analysis on a periodic basis to give them early indications of any deformation in the outer or second string.
This novel technique or methodology also has valuable application in plug and abandonment (P&A) where the inner tubing and casing retrieval can be hindered due to outer casing deformation. This technique can also help in designing the right drilling BHA for sidetracking based on the minimum ID of the outer pipe through which slot recovery or side-track has to be performed.
Factors Associated with Lumbar Puncture Performance in Zambia
Authors: Saylor Deanna , Elafros Melissa , Bearden David , Dallah Ifunanya , Mathews Manoj , Mwenechanya Musaku , Siddiqi Omar K. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Birbeck Gretchen L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
In much of sub-Saharan Africa, lumbar punctures (LPs) are performed less frequently than indicated. This is often attributed to patient/family refusal; however, other factors have not been systematically evaluated. We investigated predictors of LP performance for a prospective cohort of people with HIV and new-onset seizures at three hospitals in Zambia. We enrolled 257 participants, including 184 (72%) adults and 144 (56%) urban participants. LPs were performed for 65% of adults and 33% of children, and for 69% of urban and 38% of rural participants. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, LP completion was significantly less likely at one rural site and among children compared to adults. The worst WHO HIV disease stage was associated with increased odds of undergoing LP. Low LP completion rates in Zambia are multifactorial and related to health system and provider factors and patient/family preferences. Further research is necessary to understand this complex problem and develop interventions to improve LP uptake.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing
Authors: Massachi Jonathan , Donohue Kevin Christopher , Kelly John Daniel 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Evaluating cases of reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individuals tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.
Individual-Level Heterogeneity in Mask Wearing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: Zhang Stephen X. , Looi Kim Hoe , Li Nicolas , Wan Xue , Li Jizhen 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Wearing a face mask has been a key approach to contain or slow down the spread of COVID-19 in the ongoing pandemic. However, there is huge heterogeneity among individuals in their willingness to wear face masks during an epidemic. This research aims to investigate the individual heterogeneity to wear face masks and its associated predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic when mask-wearing was not mandatory. Based on a survey of 708 Malaysian adults and a multivariate least-squares fitting analysis, the results reveal a significant variance among individuals in wearing masks, as 34% of the individual adults did not always wear masks in public places. Female individuals, individuals who wash their hands more frequently, and those who reported more availability of personal protective equipment were more likely to practice mask-wearing. The identification of less-compliant groups of mask wearing has critical implications by enabling more specific health communication campaigns.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN SACCOS IN PROMOTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN KENYA
Authors: Ndegwa Rose 
Published: August 2021

<p>Financial inclusion is a prerequisite to economic development. This has been echoed by international as well as national bodies. Studies have shown that financial exclusion has its roots in social exclusion. This indicates the depth and importance of financial inclusion in creating inclusive development. Numerous studies have revealed levels of financial inclusion with limited studies performed on the role of SACCO initiatives on financial inclusion. This research examined measures of financial inclusion which include both access and usage of financial products by low income earners and the socially excluded via SACCOs. Since access and usage are supplementary, they reflect a more vivid picture of financial inclusion. The study sought to analyze the role of SACCOs in promoting financial inclusion in Kenya. The study was guided by the three specific objectives: geographical coverage of SACCOs; cost and contribution of SASRA regulations towards enhancing financial inclusion. To achieve the objectives of the study a descriptive survey research was adopted. The target population was the three SACCOs in Meru town. 43 questionnaires were issued to SACCO members to access the level of financial service access. Primary data was analyzed with aid Microsoft excel software to generate frequencies, mean and percentages. Pie charts, graphs and tables were used to present various aspects of the variables. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>O10; O20; G10; G20</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0653/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN SACCOS IN PROMOTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN KENYA
Authors: Ndegwa Rose 
Published: August 2021

<p>Financial inclusion is a prerequisite to economic development. This has been echoed by international as well as national bodies. Studies have shown that financial exclusion has its roots in social exclusion. This indicates the depth and importance of financial inclusion in creating inclusive development. Numerous studies have revealed levels of financial inclusion with limited studies performed on the role of SACCO initiatives on financial inclusion. This research examined measures of financial inclusion which include both access and usage of financial products by low income earners and the socially excluded via SACCOs. Since access and usage are supplementary, they reflect a more vivid picture of financial inclusion. The study sought to analyze the role of SACCOs in promoting financial inclusion in Kenya. The study was guided by the three specific objectives: geographical coverage of SACCOs; cost and contribution of SASRA regulations towards enhancing financial inclusion. To achieve the objectives of the study a descriptive survey research was adopted. The target population was the three SACCOs in Meru town. 43 questionnaires were issued to SACCO members to access the level of financial service access. Primary data was analyzed with aid Microsoft excel software to generate frequencies, mean and percentages. Pie charts, graphs and tables were used to present various aspects of the variables. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>O10; O20; G10; G20</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0663/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CYBERCRIME AND CRIMINAL PROFILING
Authors: Greco Fulvio , Greco Gianpiero 
Published: August 2021

<p>The advent of the Internet and social networks has reduced human and empathic relationships, consequently increasing virtual ones. Cyberspace offers the possibility of carrying out illegal acts with the perception of remaining unpunished. In this article we discussed the differences between crime and cybercrime which takes different forms within cyberspace such as cyberstalking, cyberbullying, online sexual offences and property crimes such as white-collar crimes. Furthermore, the evolution of criminal profiling in the digital age has been described and the profile of the cyber-criminal has been defined as outlined by the Italian State Police. The multiplication of criminal activities perpetrated through the web has led the Legislator to wonder about the most effective repressive methods to repress and try to ward off the numerous dangers that are wandering within cyberspace. The Italian legislator, through various legislative interventions, has introduced changes to the Penal Code as in article 612-bis, introducing in paragraph 2 an increase in punishment for the case in which the crime is committed through IT tools such as e-mail, SMS, chat malware and, above all, social networks. Also, the legislator included article 612-ter in the Penal Code to prosecute the illegal dissemination of sexually explicit images and videos. Finally, criminological research must consider that cybercrime has different variables than traditional crime and the evaluation of criminal behaviour should take into account the influence of the virtual dimension on the cognitive processes of the subjects.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0548/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3877668"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3877668.svg" alt="DOI" /></a>
TRANSITION PROGRAM INTO COMPULSORY EDUCATION WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF INTER-PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE DEVELOPMENTAL PRACTICES DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Sakellariou Maria , Anagnostopoulou Rodokleia 
Published: August 2021

<p>The success of transition programs into compulsory education by implementing developmentally appropriate practices, the relationship that takes place between the child and the Instructor, play as well as the child’s interaction with their peers all comprise significant components of a well-tempered transition. In the context of the current research that was conducted during the 2015-2016 school year, the views of 217 Greek Nursery School Teachers and 194 Kindergarten Educators, all from the wider Epirus Region, were examined on the practices they implement with aims at enhancing inter-personal relationships among children of early age, in order for their experience regarding preschool education and learning centers to be a pleasant one, while the process of transition from one context to the other, to be effective. The research shows that Greek Early Childhood Instructors is of uttermost importance that they possess knowledge on their training expertise along with the emotional facet of the overall transition procedure. It is, furthermore, essential that they should enforce children’s active participation into a transition program to compulsory education and assist them on obtaining fundamental social skills on the basic direction of a smooth transition into compulsory education.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0633/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CULTURAL GOODS AND EDUCATIONAL EXPECTATIONS OF DAY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS / BIENES CULTURALES Y EXPECTATIVAS EDUCATIVAS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ESCUELA SECUNDARIA DIURNA
Authors: Spiliopoulou Georgia , Koustourakis Gerasimos , Asimaki Anna , Lavidas Konstantinos 
Published: August 2021

<p>The aim of the present work is to investigate the relationship between family "objectified" cultural capital and the educational expectations of Day General and Vocational High School students, using the concept of “cultural capital” from Pierre Bourdieu’s theory. The research was conducted in the school year 2017-2018 using a questionnaire with 1430 General and Vocational High School students, as well as a semi-structured interview with 20 General and Vocational High School students (10 General High School students and 10 Vocational High School students) who were studying in the 2nd grade of Day General and Vocational High Schools in the Educational Region of Western Greece. The results of the study showed that the students in the sample tend to accumulate, in their system of predispositions, some types of "indicators" or all types of "objectified" cultural capital, which is a function of the range of cultural goods that exist in their homes. Furthermore, the types of "objectified" cultural capital indicators that exist in the family homes of the students in the sample tend to "organize" the system of their educational expectations and contribute to the "orchestration" of their different educational choices.</p><p> </p><p>El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar la relación entre el capital cultural familiar "objetivado" y las expectativas educativas de los estudiantes de secundaria general y vocacional, utilizando el concepto de "capital cultural" de la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu. La investigación se realizó en el curso 2017-2018 utilizando un cuestionario con 1430 alumnos de Bachillerato General y Vocacional, así como una entrevista semiestructurada con 20 alumnos de Bachillerato General y Vocacional (10 alumnos de Bachillerato General y 10 de Bachillerato Vocacional estudiantes) que estaban estudiando en el segundo grado de las escuelas secundarias generales y vocacionales diurnas en la región educativa de Grecia occidental. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que los estudiantes de la muestra tienden a acumular, en su sistema de predisposiciones, algunos tipos de "indicadores" o todo tipo de capital cultural "objetivado", lo cual es función del abanico de bienes culturales que existen. en sus hogares. Además, los tipos de indicadores de capital cultural "objetivado" que existen en los hogares familiares de los estudiantes de la muestra tienden a "organizar" el sistema de sus expectativas educativas y contribuir a la "orquestación" de sus diferentes opciones educativas.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0890/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
BIOETHICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT: CHALLENGES OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY METHODOLOGY
Authors: Etim Michael 
Published: August 2021

<p>The contemporary world is becoming more and more complex in the intermingling of many diverse factors. A number of these factors emerged from the perspective of social, economic, political, religious, cultural, scientific, and technological transformations around the world. There is need for a better understanding of bioethics in the contemporary world and the significance of the interdisciplinary methodology in dealing with issues in bioethics, in the light of contemporary realities. At its emergence as a new discipline, bioethics was faced with a diversity of scientific, epistemological, metaphysical, anthropological and meta-ethical challenges, its original outlook was along the lines of principles, as clearly expressed in the definition given to bioethics in the first edition of the authoritative Encyclopedia of Bioethics. The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Bioethics offered to establish a corrective to the preponderance of the principles’ model and approach, indicating the significance of bioethics as: “…the systematic study of the moral dimensions – including moral vision, decisions, conduct, and policies – of the life sciences and health care, employing a variety of methodologies in an interdisciplinary setting.” This opens up the horizon enabling bioethics to collaborate effectively with the wisdom, knowledge and expertise that flowed from other disciplines, such as the formal sciences, the natural sciences, the medical sciences, health care, engineering, social sciences, philosophy, theology, law, environmental sciences, information, communications and technology. The list is not exhaustive, but the aim is, to empower creative collaboration. These indicate that creative advancement and innovative insight could be found at the intercessions of disciplines. Interdisciplinary methodology broadens the horizons and favours the cross-pollination of ideas that leads to creativity and development. In the face of the multiplicity of specializations, the interdisciplinary methodology is not without its challenges, but even in the face of these challenges there are opportunities, there is no gainsaying the fact that the interdisciplinary methodology has yielded positive results in the field of bioethics, it is also hoped that this could serve a paradigmatic purpose for innovation in philosophy and the humanities in the contemporary context. These also offer the opportunity for critical context analysis and collaboration. The age of closed monadism is over and permanently, combined expertise in an interdisciplinary setting opens up the opportunity for collaboration, greater creativity and innovative development. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0880/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Digital Divide
Authors: Jerrin Neil Beeto , G Bhuvaneswari 
Published: August 2021

As this world progresses towards a phase where digital modes of education are no longer considered optional, it has become mandatory and the only means of schooling due to the effects of the pandemic, Covid-19. The education sector is now entirely under the wing of digitalization to accomplish its objectives. Even though education can only be carried out through digital means, the ease of accessibility for digital modes for people from every socioeconomic sector cannot establish the concept of 'Digital Divide.' This term explains the breach between people who do not have the resources to utilize the digital realm. This breach between the people in the Digital Divide universe lurks the agendas of Marxism. The people who are privileged to access digital life are the ones who are from a well-established socioeconomic background/ sector, and the underprivileged ones are from a sector where the accessibility of the digital modes of life, even for education, are hectic because of their socioeconomic standards. Thereby, an image of how Marxist agendas is on the Digital Divide's shadows can be seen.
Hijabers' Identity Construction as Muslimah through Consumption Structures in Food Lifestyle
Authors: Qurrantain Nadia , Prasetyo Bambang Dwi , Prianti Desi Dwi 
Published: August 2021

The choice of a person's adopted lifestyle can define his social identity through the consumption structure. This research aims to describe how consumption structure in food lifestyle plays a role in identity construction of Muslimah by referring to Pierre Bourdieu's theory. This study discusses the construction of identity as Muslimah carried out by the Hijabersmom Community as one of the biggest Islamic-based communities in Indonesia. This study used a transformative paradigm by online questionnaires and interviews for data collection. The results show their identity as a Muslimah is represented through the consumption of halal-labeled food, paying attention to the composition of foods other than those containing pork and those forbidden by Islam, choosing places to eat that are comfortable for discussing and good for taking pictures, wearing fashionable outfits by using dress codes. The construction of Muslimah identity through this consumption structure is formed due to several factors such as habitus, ideology/religious structure, and this community doctrine. For further research, the researcher suggests conducting research related to the construction of identity as indicated by the expansion of the object of research which is not limited to a religious perspective.