bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water use efficiency of sugar beet genotypes: A relationship between growth rates and water consumption
Authors: Ebmeyer Henning , Hoffmann Christa M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought stress restricts sugar beet growth and yield formation. For the development of adapted varieties, reasons for high water demand in certain growth periods and for genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated. In 2019 and 2020, different drought stress periods were simulated in pot trials in the greenhouse with four sugar beet genotypes by reducing the water supply to 50% of the water holding capacity. With unlimited water supply, water consumption developed in parallel to the growth rate. This indicates that water demand is driven by growth rate. Therefore, early drought stress in the period with highest growth rate caused strongest yield reductions, which could not be compensated later in the season. Unlike sugar yield, water consumption differed among genotypes, resulting in genotypic differences in WUE. However, no relevant genotype by water supply interaction occurred, giving no indication for drought tolerance of the genotypes with high WUE. WUE is rather determined by the sugar yield potential of a genotype than by water supply. Therefore, sugar beet genotypes should be selected for their sugar yield potential when breeding for environments with varying water supply.
Txikispora philomaios n. sp., n. g., a micro‐eukaryotic pathogen of amphipods, reveals parasitism and hidden diversity in Class Filasterea
Authors: Urrutia Ander , Mitsi Konstantina , Foster Rachel , Ross Stuart , Carr Martin , Ward Georgia M. , van Aerle Ronny , Marigomez Ionan , Leger Michelle M. , Ruiz‐Trillo Iñaki , Feist Stephen W. , Bass David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study provides a morphological, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic characterization of a novel micro‐eukaryotic parasite (2.3–2.6 µm) infecting amphipod genera Echinogammarus and Orchestia. Longitudinal studies across two years revealed that infection prevalence peaked in late April and May, reaching 64% in Echinogammarus sp. and 15% in Orchestia sp., but was seldom detected during the rest of the year. The parasite infected predominantly hemolymph, connective tissue, tegument, and gonad, although hepatopancreas and nervous tissue were affected in heavier infections, eliciting melanization and granuloma formation. Cell division occurred inside walled parasitic cysts, often within host hemocytes, resulting in hemolymph congestion. Small subunit (18S) rRNA gene phylogenies including related environmental sequences placed the novel parasite as a highly divergent lineage within Class Filasterea, which together with Choanoflagellatea represent the closest protistan relatives of Metazoa. We describe the new parasite as Txikispora philomaios n. sp. n. g., the first confirmed parasitic filasterean lineage, which otherwise comprises four free‐living flagellates and a rarely observed endosymbiont of snails. Lineage‐specific PCR probing of other hosts and surrounding environments only detected T. philomaios in the platyhelminth Procerodes sp. We expand the known diversity of Filasterea by targeted searches of metagenomic datasets, resulting in 13 previously unknown lineages from environmental samples.
Synoptic reporting of echocardiography in carcinoid heart disease (ENETS Carcinoid Heart Disease Task Force)
Authors: Hofland Johannes , Lamarca Angela , Steeds Richard , Toumpanakis Christos , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Riechelmann Rachel , Panzuto Francesco , Frilling Andrea , Denecke Timm , Christ Emanuel , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Davar Joseph ,   the ENETS Carcinoid Heart Disease Task Force
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Expert Consensus document aims to provide practical guidance and standardization for echocardiography in the screening and follow‐up of carcinoid heart disease (CHD) in patients with a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) and carcinoid syndrome.MethodsNET experts within the ENETS Carcinoid Heart Disease Task Force reviewed both general reporting guidelines and specialized scoring systems for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in CHD. Based on this review, a dedicated template report was designed by the multidisciplinary working group of cardiologists, oncologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, surgeons and radiologists.ResultsWe propose a Synoptic Reporting of Echocardiography in Carcinoid Heart Disease which represents an agreed peer reviewed proforma to capture information at the time of referral and enable a detailed outcome of CHD assessment. This includes a systematic and detailed list of structures to evaluate data to capture at the time of reporting of TTE.ConclusionsAdherence to these reporting guidelines aims to promote homogeneous and detailed evaluation of CHD to secure accurate assessment and allow comparison of studies performed intra‐ and inter‐individually. These guidelines could also facilitate CHD assessment as part of prospective clinical trials to enable standardization of the findings seen in response to therapy.
Anatomical, functional and biomechanical review of the glenoid labrum
Authors: Almajed Yousef A. , Hall Andrew C. , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Alashkham Abduelmenem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe glenohumeral joint is the most mobile joint in the human skeleton, supported by both active and passive stabilisers. As one of the passive stabilisers, the glenoid labrum has increasingly been recognised to play an important role in stability of the glenohumeral joint, acting to maintain intraarticular pressure, centralise the humeral head and contribute to concavity‐compression stability. Several studies have investigated the macro‐ and micro‐anatomical features of the labrum as well as its biomechanical function. However, in order to better understand the role of the labrum and its mechanics, a comprehensive anatomical, functional and biomechanical review of these studies is needed. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature detailing anatomical descriptions of the glenoid labrum, with an emphasis on its function(s) and biomechanics, as well as its interaction with neighbouring structures. The intimate relationship between the labrum and the surrounding structures was found to be important in glenohumeral stability, which owes further investigation into the microanatomy of labrum to better understand this relationship.
Melatonin supplementation in the culture medium rescues impaired glucose metabolism in IVF mice offspring
Authors: Jia Yanping , Liu Wenqiang , Bai Dandan , Zhang Yalin , Li Yanhe , Liu Yingdong , Yin Jiqing , Chen Qiaoyu , Ye Mingming , Zhao Yanhong , Kou Xiaochen , Wang Hong , Gao Shaorong , Li Kunming , Chen Miaoxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be associated with an increased risk of developing obesity and metabolic diseases later in life in the offspring. Notably, the addition of melatonin to culture medium may improve embryo development and prevent cardiovascular dysfunction in IVF adult mice. This study aimed to determine if melatonin supplementation in the culture medium can reverse impaired glucose metabolism in IVF mice offspring and the underlying mechanisms. Blastocysts used for transfer were generated by natural mating (control group) or IVF with or without melatonin (10−6 M) supplementation (mIVF and IVF group, respectively) in clinical‐grade culture media. Here, we first report that IVF decreased hepatic expression of Fbxl7, which was associated with impaired glucose metabolism in mice offspring. Melatonin addition reversed the phenotype by up‐regulating the expression of hepatic Fbxl7. In vitro experiments showed that Fbxl7 enhanced the insulin signaling pathway by degrading RhoA through ubiquitination and was up‐regulated by transcription factor Foxa2. Specific knockout of Fbxl7 in the liver of adult mice, through tail intravenous injection of recombinant adeno‐associated virus, impaired glucose tolerance, while overexpression of hepatic Fbxl7 significantly improved glucose tolerance in adult IVF mice. Thus, the data suggest that Fbxl7 plays an important role in maintaining glucose metabolism of mice, and melatonin supplementation in the culture medium may rescue the long‐term risk of metabolic diseases in IVF offspring.
Nanofiber could deliver lactic acid bacteria to the intestine of ruminant in vitro experiment
Authors: Chang Xiaofeng , Liu Dasen , Lambo Modinat Tolani 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the use of nanofiber microcapsules produced by electrostatic spinning as a carrier for the delivery of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to the intestine of ruminants. We hypothesized that the LAB encapsulated into nanofiber microcapsules can be delivered to a ruminant's intestinal tract with little effect on the rumen fermentation and related bacteria. The in vitro experiment included three treatments: control group; 0.01g Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (L. acidophilus NCFM) encapsulated in nanofiber microcapsules by electrostatic spinning group (ELAN, 2.0 × 1011 CFU/g); and 0.01g L. acidophilus NCFM powder group (LANP, 2.0 × 1011 CFU/g), each incubated with 30 ml of buffer rumen fluid for 48h to determine the effect on rumen fermentation, then the abundance of L. acidophilus NCFM in the intestine was estimated using the modified in vitro three‐step procedure. Treatment responses were statistically analysed using one‐way ANOVA. The results showed that compared to the control, the ELAN group had a significant increase in pH (p < 0.05), while the LANP group had a non‐significant decrease in pH (p > 0.05). LANP and ELAN groups had no significant influence on total volatile fatty acid and individual volatile fatty acids (p > 0.05), apart from isobutyric acid of both groups, which reduced (p < 0.05). ELAN group had a decreasing trend of gas production and dry matter digestion, while the LANP group increased them significantly (p < 0.05). During the 16h and 48h rumen incubation, compared with control, there was no significant change in all bacteria in the ELAN group (p > 0.05), while the LANP group increased the relative abundance levels of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii, F. succinogenes, B. fibrisolvens, Lactobacillus, L. acidophilus NCFM (p < 0.05). In the intestinal part, compared with control, the relative abundance of L. acidophilus NCFM in the ELAN group increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the result was not observed in the LANP group. We concluded based on our findings that L. acidophilus NCFM could be protected by nanofiber microcapsules and delivered to the intestinal site with little influence on the rumen fermentation and bacterial community, suggesting nanofiber microcapsules prepared by electrospinning technology could be used as a carrier for rumen‐protected study.
Design of the submerged horizontal plate breakwater using a fully coupled hydroelastic approach
Authors: Huang Luofeng , Li Yuzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work provides a novel approach that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with computational solid mechanics (CSM) to dynamically simulate the fully coupled hydroelastic interaction between nonlinear ocean waves and a submerged horizontal plate breakwater (SHPB). Based on a systematic series of simulations, it is shown that the wave damping performance of an SHPB can be evidently improved by an appropriate extent of deformation, which can be achieved through the design of its bending stiffness by varying elasticity and/or aspect ratio. The wave attenuation effect is found to be maximized when an SHPB has a deformation amplitude close to the incident wave amplitude. By accounting for the hydroelastic effect through the fully coupled CFD+CSM approach, this work presents a new computational technique that supports the design of deformable offshore and coastal structures.
Contribution of classical complement activation and IgM to the control of Rickettsia infection
Authors: Dahmani Mustapha , Cook Jack H. , Zhu Jinyi C. , Riley Sean P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPathogenic Rickettsia are obligate intracellular bacteria and the etiologic agents of many life‐threatening infectious diseases. Due to the serious nature of these infections, it is imperative to both identify the responsive immune sensory pathways and understand the associated immune mechanisms that restrict Rickettsia proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mammalian complement system is both activated during Rickettsia infection and contributes to the immune response to infection. To further define this component of the mammalian anti‐Rickettsia immune response, we sought to identify the mechanism(s) of complement activation during Rickettsia infection. We have employed a series of in vitro and in vivo models of infection to investigate the role of the classical complement activation pathway during Rickettsia infection. Depletion or elimination of complement activity demonstrates that both C1q and pre‐existing IgM contribute to complement activation; thus implicating the classical complement system in Rickettsia‐mediated complement activation. Elimination of the classical complement pathway from mice increases susceptibility to R. australis infection with both increased bacterial loads in multiple tissues and decreased immune activation markers. This study highlights the role of the classical complement pathway in immunity against Rickettsia and implicates resident Rickettsia‐responsive IgM in the response to infection.
Academic Perseverance in Foreign Language Learning: An Investigation of Language‐Specific Grit and Its Conceptual Correlates
Authors: SUDINA EKATERINA , PLONSKY LUKE 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emerging interest in grit, referred to as sustained perseverance and passion for reaching long‐term goals and conceptualized as a facet of conscientiousness, has shown that language‐specific grit is positively linked to foreign language (FL) achievement. Evidence from recent studies on intended effort and academic buoyancy—constructs conceptually related to grit—suggests that they also play a meaningful role in FL learning. Drawing on the framework for noncognitive factors in academic performance and academic perseverance in particular, this study examines grit and its conceptual correlates. A total of 360 FL learners responded to a survey assessing their FL grit, conscientiousness, intended effort, and buoyancy. The results demonstrated that grit largely overlapped with intended effort but was found to be conceptually distinct from buoyancy and the industriousness facet of conscientiousness. Contrary to previous research, the consistency‐of‐interest facet of grit demonstrated superior predictive and incremental validity with regard to FL achievement compared to the perseverance‐of‐effort facet. The findings suggest that the role of academic perseverance in FL learning is a fruitful area of investigation that merits further exploration and research.
Blocking Osa‐miR1871 enhances rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield
Authors: Li Yan , Li Ting‐Ting , He Xiao‐Rong , Zhu Yong , Feng Qin , Yang Xue‐Mei , Zhou Xin‐Hui , Li Guo‐Bang , Ji Yun‐Peng , Zhao Jing‐Hao , Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Pu Mei , Zhou Shi‐Xin , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Huang Yan‐Yan , Fan Jing , Wang Wen‐Ming 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in plant development and defence responses against various stresses. Here, we show that blocking miR1871 improves rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances grain yield simultaneously. The transgenic lines overexpressing miR1871 (OX1871) exhibit compromised resistance, suppressed defence responses and reduced panicle number resulting in slightly decreased yield. In contrast, the transgenic lines blocking miR1871 (MIM1871) show improved resistance, enhanced defence responses and significantly increased panicle number leading to enhanced yield per plant. The RNA‐seq assay and defence response assays reveal that blocking miR1871 resulted in the enhancement of PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI). Intriguingly, miR1871 suppresses the expression of LOC_Os06g22850, which encodes a microfibrillar‐associated protein (MFAP1) locating nearby the cell wall and positively regulating PTI responses. The mutants of MFAP1 resemble the phenotype of OX1871. Conversely, the transgenic lines overexpressing MFAP1 (OXMFAP1) or overexpressing both MFAP1 and miR1871 (OXMFAP1/OX1871) resemble the resistance of MIM1871. The time‐course experiment data reveal that the expression of miR1871 and MFAP1 in rice leaves, panicles and basal internode is dynamic during the whole growth period to manipulate the resistance and yield traits. Our results suggest that miR1871 regulates rice yield and immunity via MFAP1, and the miR8171‐MFAP1 module could be used in rice breeding to improve both immunity and yield.
A vorticity wave packet breaking within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part II: wave/mean flow interaction
Authors: Caillol Philippe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Part I, the author analyzed the asymmetric structure of a critical layer embedded in a linearly stable, columnar, and axisymmetric vortex on the ‐plane. This structure is the result of the long time asymptotic and slowly varying interaction between a vorticity wave packet and the vortex. He showed that the presence of a critical layer‐induced mean radial velocity led to the formation of a spiraling helical critical layer. Through matched asymptotic expansions, he found an analytical solution of the leading‐order motion equations inside the critical layer. In this paper, he derives the system of the coupled evolution equations of the wave amplitude and the low‐order CL‐induced mean flow on the critical radius in the quasi‐steady regime. The knowledge of the wave amplitude, the leading‐order mean axial and azimuthal velocity, and axial vorticity evolutions can be simply determined from three first‐order differential equations. The main outcome of the first‐order mean flow truncated system resolution is that the wave packet/vortex interaction leads to a fast vorticity wave breaking. The wave amplitude equation contains a coupling term, involving the vertical gradient of the mean axial vorticity located inside the separatrices, and accelerating the breaking. The leading‐order mean rotational and vertical momenta are conserved within the envelope as time proceeds. Numerical simulations nevertheless show that the wave packet and vortex kinetic energies slightly grow inside the envelope before the breaking onset in most of the cases, whereas the vortex was intensifying at the expense of the wave packet in the previous and unsteady interaction. The vertical wind shear strength has the highest effect on the wave/mean flow interaction. When the shear is moderate, it enhances intensification but when it is very large, it prohibits it in both the unsteady and slowly evolving stages. Including the second‐order mean flow in this system could, however, avoid the breaking and would permit the interaction to generate an asymptotic constant‐speed travelling coherent vortical structure.
A Corpus‐based Study of Textual Metaphor in English Academic Writing
Authors: He Qingshun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article conducted a corpus‐based study on the discipline distributions of two types of textual metaphor identified by He et al. (2015) and He and Wen (2017), conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions. It is found that conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in soft science texts than in hard science texts and zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions is similarly distributed in hard science texts and in soft science texts. However, conjunctionalization of conjunctive adverbs is more prevalent in native English linguistics texts than in EFL Chinese linguistics texts while zero conjunctionalization of hypotactic conjunctions dominates in EFL Chinese linguistics texts because of the relatively lower frequency of hypotactic clause complexes in EFL Chinese linguistics texts. Textual metaphor functions to increase the grammatical intricacy of text and hence is not a characteristic feature of scientific writing. It is hereby concluded that EFL Chinese linguists do not write as technical texts as native English linguists.
Evolutionary history of Massartella (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) suggests ancient vicariant event between biotas of the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest highlands
Authors: Gatti Felipe D. , Salles Frederico F. , Derka Tomáš , Leite Yuri L. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSouth America's complex geological and environmental dynamics contributed to the origin of Neotropical biodiversity and shaped the pattern of species distribution on the continent. Massartella Lestage (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Atalophlebiinae) is a genus currently composed of five species endemic to South America, with a disjunct distribution, occurring in mountains along the Atlantic Forest and in the Venezuelan Pantepui region. Here, we use Bayesian phylogenetic trees, fossil‐based molecular dating and ancestral range estimation to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Massartella. Results recovered the genus and the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest lineages as reciprocally monophyletic, and suggest that a vicariant event separated populations of the last common ancestor of these clades ca. 66 Ma, between the Middle Cretaceous and the Palaeogene. The diversification processes started at the same time in both lineages, and the reciprocal monophyly of clades indicates no subsequent connections between these areas, or the extinction of intermediates. Mountain biodiversity has the signature of both ancient and recent geoclimatic events and ecological processes that probably were responsible for isolating the Pantepui and Atlantic Forest lineages, as well as the speciation processes within these regions.
Factors associated with wrong blood in tube errors: An international case series – The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Kaufman Richard M. ,   WBIT Study Investigators, The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA wrong blood in tube (WBIT) error signifies a blood sample that does not match the patient identified on the sample label. WBIT errors can result in ABO mistransfusions.Study design and methodsIn this international, multicenter, descriptive study, healthcare facilities provided detailed information on WBIT errors occurring from 1/1/2019 to 12/31/2020. Factors contributing to WBIT errors were classified as protocol violations, knowledge gaps, and slips/lapses.Results331 WBIT errors were compiled from 36 centers in 11 countries. WBIT errors were most frequently detected through pretransfusion sample testing (191, 58%), with 38 (20%) detected by a second (“check”) sample. WBIT errors were divided almost evenly between intended patient drawn/wrong label applied (166, 50%) and wrong patient drawn/intended label applied (158, 48%). Information on contributing factors was available for 260 WBIT errors; most involved a combination of protocol violations and slips/lapses (139, 53%). The most frequent contributing factor was another patient's sample labels or tubes being available during phlebotomy (61%). Protocol violations were more likely to result in wrong patient being drawn (p = .0007). In 43 WBIT errors, electronic positive patient identification (ePPID) was not used when available or was used incorrectly.ConclusionsProtocol violations and slips/lapses frequently contribute to WBIT errors. Sample collection processes should be designed to minimize error opportunities; staff should be educated on why protocol compliance is critical for patient safety. Using ePPID does not eliminate all WBIT errors. Institutions using ePPID may elect to require check sample verification as an added safety measure.