bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant inhibitory processing in the somatosensory cortices of cannabis-users
Authors: Arif Yasra , Wiesman Alex I , Christopher-Hayes Nicholas J , Wilson Tony W 
Published: October 2021

Background: Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a major exogenous psychoactive agent, which acts as a partial agonist on cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. THC is known to inhibit presynaptic neurotransmission and has been repeatedly linked to acute decrements in cognitive function across multiple domains. Previous electrophysiological studies of sensory gating have shown specific deficits in inhibitory processing in cannabis-users, but to date these findings have been limited to the auditory cortices, and the degree to which these aberrations extend to other brain regions remains largely unknown. Methods: We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a paired-pulse somatosensory stimulation paradigm to probe inhibitory processing in 29 cannabis-users (i.e. at least four times per month) and 41 demographically matched non-user controls. MEG responses to each stimulation were imaged in both the oscillatory and time domain, and voxel time-series data were extracted to quantify the dynamics of sensory gating, oscillatory gamma activity, evoked responses, and spontaneous neural activity. Results: We observed robust somatosensory responses following both stimulations, which were used to compute sensory gating ratios. Cannabis-users exhibited significantly impaired gating relative to non-users in somatosensory cortices, as well as decreased spontaneous neural activity. In contrast, oscillatory gamma activity did not appear to be affected by cannabis use. Conclusions: We observed impaired gating of redundant somatosensory information and altered spontaneous activity in the same cortical tissue in cannabis-users compared to non-users. These data suggest that cannabis use is associated with a decline in the brain’s ability to properly filter repetitive information and impairments in cortical inhibitory processing.
Optimal one-stage design and analysis for efficacy expansion in Phase I oncology trials
Authors: Wu Cai , Liu Fang , Zhou Heng , Wu Xiaoqiang , Chen Cong 
Published: October 2021

Background Contemporary Phase I oncology trials often include efficacy expansion in various tumor indications post dose finding. Preliminary anti-tumor activity from efficacy expansion can aid Go/No-Go decision for Phase 2 or Phase 3 initiation. Tumor cohorts in efficacy expansion are commonly analyzed independently in practice, which are often underpowered due to small sample size. Pooled analysis is also sometimes conducted, but it ignores the heterogeneity of the anti-tumor activity across cohorts. Methods We propose an optimal one-stage design and analysis strategy for the efficacy expansion to assess whether the treatment is effective. Allowing heterogeneous anti-tumor effects across tumor cohorts, inactive cohorts are pruned, and the potentially active cohorts are pooled together to gain study power. For a prospective design with a target power, the total sample size across all cohorts is minimized; or for an ad hoc analysis with pre-specified sample size for each cohort, the pruning criteria are optimized to achieve maximum power. The global type I error is controlled after proper multiplicity adjustment, and a penalty adjusted significance level is used for the pooled test. Results Simulation studies show that the proposed optimal design has desirable operating characteristics in increasing the overall power and detecting more true positive tumor cohorts. Conclusion The proposed optimal design and analysis strategy provides a practical approach to design and analyze heterogeneous efficacy expansion cohorts in a basket setting with global type I and type II error being controlled.
Prevalence and patterns of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and their association with health-related quality of life within a multi-ethnic Asian population
Authors: Lau Jue Hua , Nair Asharani , Abdin Edimansyah , Kumarasan Roystonn , Wang Peizhi , Devi Fiona , Sum Chee Fang , Lee Eng Sing , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the general population of the multi-ethnic nation of Singapore as part of the Knowledge, Practice and Attitudes towards Diabetes study, a cross-sectional and population-based survey. It also examined the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsPhysical activity and sedentary behaviour were assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), while physical and mental HRQoL was assessed via the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). Survey weights were employed to account for complex survey design. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine sociodemographic correlates of physical activity (insufficient vs. sufficient physical activity) and sedentary behaviour (< 7 h/day vs ≥7 h/day). Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine the percentage of time spent in different domains of physical activity. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to examine the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour with physical and mental HRQoL.ResultsTwo thousand eight hundred sixty seven participants recruited from February 2019 to March 2020 (prior to COVID-19 lockdown and related restrictions in Singapore) were included in the analyses. 83.3% of respondents had sufficient physical activity. Age (65 years and above) and income (SGD 2000 to 3999) were associated with a higher likelihood of insufficient physical activity. In contrast, those of Malay ethnicity and having one chronic physical condition were associated with a lower likelihood of insufficient physical activity. 47.7% reported that they had sedentary behaviour of ≥7 h/day. Older age and a primary school education were related to a lower likelihood of sedentary behaviour, while being single, having higher income, obesity, and multimorbidity were associated with higher sedentary behaviour. Insufficient physical activity was significantly associated with lower physical HRQoL but was not significantly associated with mental HRQoL. Sedentary behaviour was not significantly associated with mental or physical HRQoL.ConclusionAbout 17% of the population did not meet the minimum requirements for physical activity, while around half of the population spent a considerable time being sedentary. As insufficient physical activity was associated with poorer physical HRQoL, policymakers should promote moderate physical activity and encouraging the breaking up of prolonged sedentary periods within the middle- and high-income groups, especially at the workplace. Increased leisure-time exercise should be encouraged for those in the lower- income group.
Adolescent’s movement behaviors and built environment: a latent class analysis
Authors: Caetano Isabella Toledo , Miranda Valter Paulo Neves , dos Santos Fernanda Karina , dos Santos Amorim Paulo Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Latent class analysis (LCA) is an alternative and innovative approach to verify the relation of the various combinations of the constructed environment and movement behavior (levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) characteristics. This study aimed to identify latent classes based on the characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived by adolescents and their association with gender, socioeconomic status (SS), body composition and movement behaviors.

Methods
This cross-sectional study includes 309 Brazilian adolescents (14 to 16 years old, 57% female). The characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived were analyzed by the Neighborhood Walkability for Youth Scale. Accelerometers were used for a week to evaluate the movement behaviors. Questionnaires assessed the screen times, total sitting time (TST), and sociodemographic characteristics. LCA was used for modeling the “Perceived Enviroment” variable, having been conducted in the poLCA (Polychromous Variable Latent Class Analysis) package of the R statistical software.

Results
Three classes were recognized: class 1, “Best Perceived Environment” with 23.03% of adolescents; class 2, “Moderate Perceived Environment”, 63.33%; and class 3, “Worst Perceived Environment”, 13.67%. Light physical activity (LPA), TST, and SS were associated with class prevalence. The adolescents with medium and low SS were, respectively, 3.42 (95% CI 1.62–7.21) and 4.18 (95% CI 1.66–10.50) more likely to belong to class 2, and those with low SS were 5.21 (95% CI 1.35–20.13) more likely to belong to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.55) of involvement in ‘adequate LPA time’ compared to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.79) of involvement in ‘adequate TST’ compared to class 2. There was a difference between the LPA and TST classes; class 3 presented a longer time in LPA than class 1; class 1 had higher TST than the other classes.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the influence of neighborhood classes on adolescents’ LPA and TST.
Super-enhancer-associated TMEM44-AS1 aggravated glioma progression by forming a positive feedback loop with Myc
Authors: Bian Erbao , Chen Xueran , Cheng Li , Cheng Meng , Chen Zhigang , Yue Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhengwei , Chen Jie , Sun Libo , Huang Kebing , Huang Cheng , Fang Zhiyou , Zhao Bing , Li Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as one type of gene expression regulator for cancer development, but it is not clear how these are regulated. This study aimed to identify a specific lncRNA that promotes glioma progression.

Methods
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to screen differentially expressed genes. CCK-8, transwell migration, invasion assays, and a mouse xenograft model were performed to determine the functions of TMEM44-AS1. Co-IP, ChIP, Dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to study the molecular mechanism of TMEM44-AS1 and the downstream target.

Results
We identified a novel lncRNA TMEM44-AS1, which was aberrantly expressed in glioma tissues, and that increased TMEM44-AS1 expression was correlated with malignant progression and poor survival for patients with glioma. Expression of TMEM44-AS1 increased the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Knockdown of TMEM44-AS1 in glioma cells reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, TMEM44-AS1 is directly bound to the SerpinB3, and sequentially activated Myc and EGR1/IL-6 signaling; Myc transcriptionally induced TMEM44-AS1 and directly bound to the promoter and super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1, thus forming a positive feedback loop with TMEM44-AS. Further studies demonstrated that Myc interacts with MED1 regulates the super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1. More importantly, a novel small-molecule Myc inhibitor, Myci975, alleviated TMEM44-AS1-promoted the growth of glioma cells.

Conclusions
Our study implicates a crucial role of the TMEM44-AS1-Myc axis in glioma progression and provides a possible anti-glioma therapeutic agent.
The share of corporate income tax as revenue of a provincial self-government and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wantoch-Rekowski Jacek , Cilak Małgorzata 
Published: October 2021

Motivation: The paper addresses the issue of shares in corporate income tax (CIT) as revenue for the budgets of provincial governments. A study of the formation of revenues from this source in relation to total revenues in 2019–2021 was carried out, resulting in the observation that amongst the provinces a wide disparity exists in terms of the importance of CIT shares as a source of revenue. In most provinces, the percentage ratios of the size of CIT shares planned for 2021 in the structure of total revenue decreased compared with 2019. The study made it possible to advance a thesis on the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the decline in provincial revenue from CIT shares, as well as to confirm views criticizing certain features of CIT shares, such as their lack of stability or the lack of influence of provincial governments on the shaping of this source of revenue. Shares in CIT formally constitute the provinces’ own revenue, but in practice they are funds transferred from the state budget. Income taxes in Poland are the revenue of the state, which has an exclusive influence on the normative shape of these taxes and the implementation of the regulations concerning them. The province, as a beneficiary of the CIT share, has no influence on this income. In view of the fact that in some provinces CIT revenue as a share of total revenue exceeds 40%, a problem arises in the event of a decrease in the revenue from this tax to the state budget, and consequently to the provincial budgets. The COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis caused by it result, inter alia, in a decrease in revenues from income taxes, which is reflected in provincial budgets.
Aim: The aim of the article is to determine whether and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic affected the revenues of self-governing voivodships from CIT shares. The authors also indicated solutions aimed at mitigating the negative consequences for provinces of the drop in revenues from CIT shares.
Results: The research carried out on revenues to the budgets of provincial local governments from the CIT share indicates that in 2021, 11 out of 16 provinces will have a lower percentage share of this income in the structure of all their revenues when compared to 2019.
How Much Is Financial Advice Worth? The Transparency-Revenue Tension in Social Trading
Authors: Yang Mingwen , Zheng Zhiqiang (Eric) , Mookerjee Vijay 
Published: October 2021

In social trading, less experienced investors (followers) are allowed to copy the trades of experts (traders) in real time after paying a fee. Such a copy-trading mechanism often runs into a transparency-revenue tension. On the one hand, social trading platforms need to release traders’ trades as transparently as possible to allow followers to evaluate traders accurately. On the other hand, complete transparency may undercut the platform’s revenue because followers can free ride. That is, followers can manually copy the trades of a trader to avoid paying the following fees. This study addresses this critical tension by optimizing the level of transparency through delaying the release of trading information pertaining to the trades executed by traders. We capture the economic impact of the delay using the notions of profit-gap and delayed-profit. We propose a mechanism that elucidates the economic effects of the profit-gap and delayed-profit on followers and, consequently, the amount of money following a trader: protection effect and evaluation effect. Empirical investigations find support for these two effects. We then develop a stochastic control formulation that optimizes platform revenue, where the control is the optimal delay customized at the trader level and calculated as a function of the current amount of money following a trader and the number of views on the trader’s profile page. The optimized revenue can be incorporated into an algorithm to provide a systematic way to infuse the platform’s goals into the ranking of the traders. A counterfactual study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the optimal delay policy (versus a constant-delay policy) using data from a leading social trading platform operating in the foreign exchange market. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Hyperkähler metrics near Lagrangian submanifolds and symplectic groupoids
Authors: Mayrand Maxence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first part of this paper is a generalization of the Feix–Kaledin theorem on the existence of a hyperkähler metric on a neighborhood of the zero section of the cotangent bundle of a Kähler manifold. We show that the problem of constructing a hyperkähler structure on a neighborhood of a complex Lagrangian submanifold in a holomorphic symplectic manifold reduces to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic symplectic structures. The Feix–Kaledin structure is recovered from the twisted cotangent bundle. We then show that every holomorphic symplectic groupoid over a compact holomorphic Poisson surface of Kähler type has a hyperkähler structure on a neighborhood of its identity section. More generally, we reduce the existence of a hyperkähler structure on a symplectic realization of a holomorphic Poisson manifold of any dimension to the existence of certain deformations of holomorphic Poisson structures adapted from Hitchin’s unobstructedness theorem.
Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
Authors: Shetty Akshatha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Foodborne diseases non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main reason of death, accounting for 38 million (68%) of the 56 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. Lower-middle and middle-income countries accounted for nearly three-quarters of all NCD fatalities (28 million), as well as the bulk of illness and premature death (82%). An excessive consumption of added sugar is source of worry for its link to unhealthy nutrition quality, overweight, and the risk of NCDs among adolescents. A further source of worry is the link among free sugar consumption and tooth cavities in young adults. Dental infections are the most common NCDs worldwide in young adults, and despite significant advances in management and cure in recent decades, issues remain, resulting in pain, anxiety, functional limitations (which include failing school grades and attendance in children), and social severe disability due to missing teeth.

Objectives
The purpose of this report is to give suggestions on how to consume added sugar in order to mitigate the possibility of NCDs in children and young adults, with an emphasis on the care and mitigation of obesity and metabolic syndrome and tooth decay among young adults.

Methods and materials
The Keywords like adolescent, Health, Dental Caries, Obesity, Sugar Intake, Recommendation have been used to evaluate the standard of evidence discovered via current systematic reviews of the scientific literature relating to significance of sugar intake consumption and its effect in young adults.

Results
The relevant data from prospective studies was judged to be of good quality, but data from nationwide population-based studies was judged to be of extremely low quality. Free sweeteners should be used in moderation during one’s life, according to the World Health Organization (strong recommendation 1). WHO advises limiting natural sugar consumption to very little about 10% of total calorie intake among both grownups and children 2 (strong recommendation).

Conclusions
There is a significant association of prevalence of tooth decay, obesity due to sugar consumption at an alarming rate hence regulators as well as curriculum developers can utilize the recommendation reviewed by us to compare current free sugar intake levels in their nations to a benchmark. They may also be used to design ways to reduce free sugar consumption through a wide variety of social health initiatives, if required.
Two-armed bandit problem and batch version of the mirror descent algorithm
Authors: Колногоров Александр Валерианович , Kolnogorov Alexander , Назин Александр Викторович , Nazin Alexander , Шиян Дмитрий Николаевич , Shiyan Dmitry 
Published: October 2021

We consider the minimax setup for the two-armed bandit problem as applied to data processing if there are two alternative processing methods with different a priori unknown efficiencies. One should determine the most efficient method and provide its predominant application. To this end, we use the mirror descent algorithm (MDA). It is well-known that corresponding minimax risk has the order of $N^{1/2$ with $N$ being the number of processed data and this bound is unimprovable in order. We propose a batch version of the MDA which allows processing data by packets that is especially important if parallel data processing can be provided. In this case, the processing time is determined by the number of batches rather than by the total number of data. Unexpectedly, it turned out that the batch version behaves unlike the ordinary one even if the number of packets is large. Moreover, the batch version provides significantly smaller value of the minimax risk, i.e., it considerably improves a control performance. We explain this result by considering another batch modification of the MDA which behavior is close to behavior of the ordinary version and minimax risk is close as well. Our estimates use invariant descriptions of the algorithms based on Gaussian approximations of incomes in batches of data in the domain of ``close'' distributions and are obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations.
The connection between the some agents of sextransmitting diseasesand bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Rishchuk S. V. , Bojtsov А. G. , Kostjuchek D. F. , Gavrilova М. V. 
Published: October 2021

Women were placed in one of four groups according to their vaginal pathological state. 77 patients with classical bacterial vaginosis (BV) were included in the first group. The second group included 63 women with BV and leukocytes in the vaginal smear. The third group consisted of 157 patients without clinical and laboratory criteria of BV, but with bacterial vaginitis. The fourth group (control group) totalized 193 people without any of the above pathological processes in the vagina or other diseases of the pelvis.
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Trichomonas were found significantly more often in women with BV that in those without (4,3; 15,2; 2,6; 5,9 times accordingly). Chlamydia and Ureaplasma in diagnostic levels were identified more often in the patients with BV and leukocytes than in those with the classical variant (1,8 and 1,4 times accordingly). Trichomonas was found only in the patients with BV and leukocytes; and M.himinis in diagnostic levels was identified in both variants equally.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM (RSU) HAJI SURABAYA BERDASARKAN DIMENSI MUTU DABHOLKAR
Authors: Piranti Kidhung 
Published: October 2021

Community Satisfaction Index (CSI) in Inpatient Installation of Surabaya Hajj Hospital increased during 2012-2016, but it has not reached the standard determined by the hospital, that is 85%. This study aims to analyze the patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Installation of Surabaya Hajj Hospital based on Dabholkar Dimension. This study is descriptive observational analysis by using cross-sectional approach with systematic random sampling technique. The samples obtained were 142 respondents. This research analyzes patientsatisfaction in the Inpatient Installation by categorizing patient satisfaction in each element based on Dabholkar Dimension. The element with a compositemean ≥ the aggregate of composite average means satisfied and not becoming an issue, while the element with composite mean< the aggregate of composite average means unsatisfied and becomming an issue. Quality service issue can be a problem hence it needs to be resolved as soon as possible. The results of this study can be used to prepare the recommendationof health service improvementto increase patient satisfaction.