bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of a novel yokeless mover permanent magnet linear generator for free piston engine converter
Authors: Tajdiny Arman , Monsef Hassan , Lessani Hamid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFree piston engine generator (FPEG) is one of the recent solutions by researchers used in hybrid vehicles, which eventually can contribute to the reduction of environmental pollutants from public transports. The purpose of the this work is to introduce a novel dual‐stator permanent magnet linear generator with yokeless mover (DSPMLG) to improve the key parameters of the linear generator used in FPEG systems. In this work, an analytical model of the DSPMLG magnetic field is developed to investigate magnetic field flux density distribution and for back‐EMF prediction. Then, a two‐dimensional (2D) model of the DSPMLG is put forth using the finite element method (FEM) to validate the analytical results. In the next section, 1D modelling and simulation of a two‐stroke free‐piston engine (FPE) with dual‐piston structure is done using Ricardo’s WAVE software. The obtained results are used in the FEM simulation and prototype development in order to accurately evaluate the performance of the introduced generator in the FPEG system. Since the FPE velocity profile distorts the back‐EMF, the effect of the velocity profile on back‐EMF distortion is investigated using fast Fourier transform. Also, the DSPMLG is optimised for minimum back‐EMF distortion, considering the maximum output power. To validate the simulation results, the DSPMLG is developed and the obtained experimental results have proper conformity with the simulation results. Finally, in order to weigh up the effectiveness of the proposed generator, its structure is compared with other reported structures in previous research studies based on the key indicators required for the linear generator used in FPEGs.
Provision of ancillary services in a grid‐connected photovoltaic distributed energy resource
Authors: Pederneiras Moraes Rocha Jéssica , Salvadori Fabiano , Hartmann Lucas Vinícius , Malagoli Buiatti Gustavo , Ferreira Moreno Pinheiro da Silva Italo Roger , Seibel Gehrke Camila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe constant growth of distributed energy resource (DER) in the electric power system (EPS) is a reality on account of some aspects, for example, technical, financial, environmental. The insertion of DERs can be positive, providing ancillary services, for example, harmonic mitigation, or negative, causing overvoltage, depending on the proper control and the characteristics of the grid. This paper proposes a ‐based control strategy for distributed generation, wherein the studied system is composed by a photovoltaic DER and a three‐phase converter for processing the generated power and providing ancillary services (ASs) to a three‐wire EPS. The power control is based on the power balance between the grid and the converter. Besides supplying active and reactive power, the proposed strategy can provide ASs by controlling the grid currents from a transformation. Some advantages over other solution can be mentioned, such as reduced sensor number and instantaneous control response. In addition, neither additional harmonic‐extraction method nor a phase‐locked loop is required. To validate this study and theoretical considerations, simulation results are presented and evaluated. From tests in a downscaled laboratory setup, experimental results are also presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
RPWM selective voltage harmonic elimination method for single‐phase five‐level MPUC inverter based on cell division
Authors: Li Guohua , Cao Dongman , Wang Yufeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe conventional selective harmonic elimination method of random pulse width modulation (RPWM) is only suitable for the two‐level inverter. Furthermore, when the harmonics below 6 kHz are selectively eliminated, it is easy to cause a low average switching frequency of the inverter, which leads to the increase of load current distortion rate. This paper proposes an RPWM selective voltage harmonic elimination method for a single‐phase five‐level MPUC (modified packed U‐cells) inverter based on cell division. The MPUC inverter is supposed to be divided into three series cells, and the carrier stacking strategy is used to realize the coordinated control between each cell. In the process of RPWM, the average switching frequency can be controlled within a certain range by selecting the random number. This method is divided into normal mode and master–slave mode. In the normal mode, the selective harmonic elimination is realized by the method of cancelling the front and back terms of Fourier series in each cell. In the master–slave mode, the master cell is mainly used for fundamental power output, and the slave cell is mainly used for RPWM selective harmonic elimination. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Lightning risk assessment model for transmission lines with lift‐based improved analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Zheng Yuesheng , Wu Zhiwei , Shu Shengwen , Xu Jun , Fang Chaoying , Xie Wenbing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new assessment method for lightning trip‐out of transmission lines that includes an improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) algorithm based on a lift in association rules. First, the k‐means clustering algorithm is used to discretize the geomorphic information along transmission lines, and ten feature factors are obtained. Next, by analysing the correlation between each feature factor and a lightning trip‐out event using the lift algorithm, the strong correlation factors are extracted. On this basis, an IAHP algorithm optimized by lift is proposed to establish an objective judgment matrix. Then, multiple indexes are combined as a criterion layer of the IAHP, and a lightning risk assessment model of transmission lines is established. Finally, the proposed method is validated by simulations using 28 transmission lines with 220 kV voltage grade of a provincial power grid of China. An assessment model is established using the lightning trip‐out data in the period 2010–2014, and then this model is employed to estimate the lightning trip‐out risk in the period 2015–2018. Based on the number of phase faults, the agreement between the estimation results and the actual values is 76%. The proposed model provides a new method for the lightning risk assessment of transmission lines.
Interaction between plasma jet and silicone rubber covered by porous inorganic contaminants: Surface hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity?
Authors: Li Shuang , Li Jianjun , Fu Yongqiang , Zhang Ruobing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe variation of surface hydrophobicity of silicone rubber materials covered with porous inorganic pollution layer under the action of atmospheric pressure plasma jet presents some new features, which have important engineering applications in the field of outdoor insulation of power systems. Interaction of the plasma with the polluted silicone rubber is studied and surface hydrophobicity is measured. Experimental results show that the exposure of plasma greatly accelerates the transfer of low molecular weight siloxanes (LMWs) in the pollution layer. However, the surface hydrophobicity is determined by the LMWs contents and the exposure time. Two acceleration effects of plasma during and after plasma exposure are proposed, their influence on surface hydrophobicity is analysed and related mechanisms are clarified. In addition, the competing influence of plasma‐induced acceleration of the transfer of LMWs towards the surface and plasma‐oxidation of LMWs on surface hydrophobicity is discussed.
Dynamic wireless power transfer system for electric‐powered connected and autonomous vehicle on urban road network
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Hu Simon , Angeloudis Panagiotis , Wang Yibing , Zhang Lihui , Yang Qiang , Li Yongfu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential impacts of dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems on the urban road network with a particular focus on charging and energy consumption implications. The paper is motivated by the recent advancement of connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology and innovations on smart transportation infrastructure. An eco‐driving model aiming at energy consumption reduction is developed and a DWPT system layout suitable for charging eco‐driving CAVs at a signalised intersection is proposed. The idea is demonstrated in a simulated environment with different market penetration rate (MPR) of CAVs travelling through a signalized intersection equipped with the proposed DWPT system. The results suggest that as MPR of CAV increases, the energy savings for both CAVs and human‐driven vehicles (HVs) will increase significantly. At full MPR of CAVs, the reduction of average energy consumption of all types of vehicles can reach up to 62%. The average energy transferred and stored per battery electric vehicle can increase by up to 5% and 10%, respectively. These promising results indicate that a well‐designed DWPT system layout together with the eco‐driving behaviour of CAVs can have a positive impact on the urban transportation system in terms of resulting energy consumption and emissions.
Sparse virtual array synthesis for MIMO radar imaging systems
Authors: Syeda Rabia Z. , van Beurden Martijn C. , Smolders A. Bart 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar imaging systems require a high angular resolution to realize a high detectability level of the target directly related to the aperture size of the virtual array. Since in MIMO radars, the virtual array topology depends on the transmit and receive array topologies, two methods are proposed for the synthesis of sparse virtual arrays by designing the sparse transmit and receive arrays using a two‐step synthesis procedure (TSP) for antenna array sparsity via convex optimization. Both methods are formulated in detail, and it is shown that adjustments in formulations with respect to physical constraints in design specifications are feasible. In the first method, both the sparse transmit and the sparse receive array are synthesized using the TSP independently of each other. In the second method, the sparse receive array is synthesized based on the transmit array topology or vice versa using the method of least squares. With the help of numerical examples, it is shown that a sparse virtual array has better performance in terms of beamwidth and side lobe level compared with the traditional dense virtual array with the same number of transmit and receive array elements. It is also shown that the proposed design methods lead to broadband performance.
Design and analysis of optical sensors composed of large arrays of nanowires using the surface impedance generating operator (SIGO) method
Authors: Gholipour Alireza , Karimian Shokrollah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design and analysis of large arrays of nanoscale scattering elements using existing computational tools is particularly difficult. Such difficulty mainly arises from large number of unknowns and the way existing CAD tools handle the analysis of complex nanostructures. In this work, a simple, reliable and fast analytical tool is introduced based on the surface impedance generating operator method, which not only reduces the number of unknowns through surface discretisation of the scatterers but can also be implemented in a parallel process, reducing simulation time. Circular and linear arrays of nanowires are designed using the proposed method to have a directive pattern and to be deployed in a rake‐shaped optical probe head. The far‐field scattering patterns of the arrays are investigated. In addition, the effects of array configuration as well as the number of elements and their properties on the directivity and beamwidth of the scattering patterns are also evaluated. Finally, high‐resolution directive scanning probes made of a circular array of 31 gold nanowires and a linear array of 15 elements are designed at 800 nm with less than 3° beamwidth.
A fast and gridless STAP algorithm based on mixed‐norm minimisation and the alternating direction method of multipliers
Authors: Li Zhongyue , Wang Tong , Su Yuyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSparse recovery (SR) based space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) methods have received much attention recently due to their dramatically reduced requirements of training samples. However, most of the existing SR‐STAP algorithms suffer from the off‐grid effect induced by the discretisation of angle‐Doppler plane. To eliminate this effect and improve the performance of clutter suppression, a novel gridless mixed‐norm minimisation (MNM) based STAP algorithm is proposed. Unlike previous grid‐based SR‐STAP methods, the clutter covariance matrix (CCM) is estimated in continuous domain by solving a semidefinite programme (SDP), which is established by utilising the properties of the CCM and the compact formulation of MNM. Furthermore, to reduce the computational burden of solving this SDP, a fast iterative algorithm via the framework of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is also derived, where the unknown parameters are iteratively updated with closed‐form expressions. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves better performance of clutter suppression and target detection with lower computational complexity.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) with GI Cancer Chemotherapy: Do We Need CINV Risk Score Over and Above Antiemetic Guidelines in Prescribing Antiemetic Regime?
Authors: D’Souza Anita , Pawar Dipalee , Ramaswamy Anant , Turkar Siddharth , Bhargava Prabhat , Kapoor Akhil , Mandavkar Sarika , Nashikkar Chaitali , Ostwal Vikas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Various predictive models have been developed which incorporates patient risk factors into the selection of optimal antiemetic therapy, one of which is chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) risk scoring system developed by Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC).
Patients and Methods Consecutive patients with gastrointestinal malignancy who had not received previous chemotherapy were eligible for enrollment in the study if they were scheduled to receive at least one cycle of chemotherapy. The CINV risk assessment tool was used to collect the study data and to assess CINV risk score.
Results Ninety-eight patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included in this study, out of which 57% were males, median age was 48 years (range: 28–77). Colorectal cancer (32.7%) was the most common diagnosis followed by gastric cancer (27.6%). Gemcitabine/cisplatin and CAPOX regimen were the most common regimen being administered in 19.4% each. As per MASCC guidelines, 19.4% patients received highly emetogenic chemotherapy, 69.4% moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, while 11.2% received regimen with low emetogenicity. CINV risk module characterized 52% patients to have high risk for CINV, while 48% to have low risk of CINV, thus, 52% had the discrepancy in risk assigned by two methods, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.025). In subgroup analysis, although patient cohort with acute nausea had no statistically significant discrepancy (p = 0.123), but statistically significant discrepancy was found in patient cohort with delayed nausea (p = 0.001), acute (p = 0.038), and delayed (p < 0.001) vomiting.
Conclusion A significant percentage of patients who receive chemotherapy continue to experience nausea and vomiting despite receiving antiemetic treatment as per standard guidelines. The study generates a hypothesis for future large randomized studies looking at change in antiemetic prophylaxis based on CINV risk tool, leading to improvement in complete response rates of acute and delayed CINV.
Chemoradiation in Unresectable Oral Cavity Cancer: A Myth or Reality!
Authors: Patil Vijay Maruti , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Kumar Amit , Dsouza Hollis , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Mahajan Abhishek , Sabale Nilesh , Ghosh-Laskar Sarbani , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective Earlier studies have shown that chemoradiation (CTRT) has benefits in the head-and-neck cancer, but how far it is true for oral cavity subset that has not been exactly explored. Keeping the null hypothesis as CTRT has no benefit in oral cavity cancer, we studied the outcome of patients undergoing chemoradiation in unresectable oral cavity cancers. The aim of this study is to study whether overall survival (OS) increases with chemoradiation in unresectable oral cavity cancers.Patients and Methods Between December 2014 and February 2017, 23 patients aged 18 years and above were planned chemoradiation for unresectable oral cavity cancer and were included for this analysis.Results The median age of patients was 43 years and all patients were addicted to tobacco. In total, 12 of 23 (52%) completed CTRT. One patient (1/23) was alive at the time of final analysis with median OS of 5.83 (2.73–9.60) months. The median progression free survival and OS in patients who completed chemoradiation were 6.42 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.67–10.53) and 8.9 months (95% CI: 4.4–23.07), respectively.Conclusion CTRT has a limited role in unresectable oral cancers.
Sanctioned terror: economic sanctions and more effective terrorism
Authors: Altmann Thomas , Giersch Jason 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe literature on unintended consequences of economic sanctions is well developed, but few studies have addressed terrorism in target states, and none have assessed whether that terrorism becomes more effective when sanctions are in place. In this study, we test whether economic sanctions lead to an increase in the lethality of terrorism. Using data from multiple sources, we find that while sanctions are unrelated to the rate of success of terrorist attacks, they are positively associated with the number of fatalities resulting from terrorist attacks. These findings further the need for policymakers to consider the consequences sanctions have on the target country populace.
411 EFFICACY OF CDSS IN IMPROVING ANTI-RESORPTIVE BONE PROTECTIVE THERAPY AMONGST ORTHOGERIATRIC INPATIENTS: A COMPARISON STUDY
Authors: Bhandary L , Mohd Asri N A , Taylor A , Muslim A , Hickey P , Lenihan B , Condon F , Ryan J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Hip fractures have a mortality rate of 20% in the year following the fracture. Therefore, patients presenting with hip fractures should be assessed and prescribed anti-resorptive bone protective therapy (ABPT) to reduce the risk of further fractures. In our institution, this decision is undertaken by a specialist only. Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare the proportion of patients commenced on ABPT by surgical interns following the introduction of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in January 2020 to support appropriate ABPT prescribing amongst non-specialists.

Methods
The study compares the orthogeriatric patient cohort before and after CDSS introduction within the same time period (Jan 1st to June 30th) in 2019 and 2020. Data were extracted from the Irish Hip Fracture Database and statistically analyzed using SPSS. The Mann–Whitney two-tailed test was employed to calculate statistical significance.

Results
In 2019, 31% (55/178) of patients admitted during the study period (n = 178) did not receive orthogeriatric specialist input and only 27% (15/55) of these had ABPT prescribed during their admission. In 2020, 17% (32/185) of patients admitted during the study period (n = 185) did not receive specialist input; however, 44% (14/32) of these were commenced on ABPT. Overall, more patients were prescribed ABPT in 2020 (78%;146/185), as compared to 55% (98/178) in 2019 (z-score 6.57069; p-value &lt;0.01). The number of patients awaiting specialist outpatient appointments before being prescribed ABPT also dropped from 40% (71/178) in 2019 to 13% (24/185) in 2020 (p-value &lt;0.01).

Conclusion
This study highlighted the significance of a CDSS to improve inpatient ABPT prescribing by non-specialists and to reduce outpatient specialist appointments. This could have a major impact on the long-term reduction of mortality rates amongst orthogeriatric patients and the reduction of future healthcare costs.
464 ESCALATION DURING COVID-19
Authors: Magee M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
During the first surge of COVID-19 it was well recognised that early identification of a plan for escalation in the event of deterioration for each patient was vital. If no decision is documented it results in junior staff frequently making decisions regarding escalation in the out of hours period. This leads to patients, or family members, having these conversations with a doctor they may never have met before. My aim was to improve the documentation of escalation plans in all patients within the first 24 hrs of admission.

Method
Baseline data was collected in September 2019 with further samples in April 2020 and August 2020. Patient medical notes were reviewed to identify if an escalation plan had been made during the period from admission to post take ward round. A COVID admission pathway document was introduced with a specific section on Clinical Frailty Score and Escalation plan between the baseline and April 2020 data.

Results
Baseline data showed that only 12.8% of medical patients had a documented escalation plan within the first 24 hrs of admission to hospital. During the first surge in April 2020 this number had improved to 47% following introduction of the COVID-19 admission pathway. This included 100% of patients admitted to respiratory wards. Unfortunately when reassessed in August 2020, this number had fallen to 16%.

Conclusion
Introduction of clinical frailty scoring and an area specifically to document escalation discussions resulted in a marked improvement. Heightened awareness of rapid deterioration of patients during the first surge almost certainly played a role in this. Unfortunately this was not sustained once staff discontinued the use of COVID-19 admission document. Moving forward we will incorporate these sections into the medical and surgical admissions pathways in the hope it produces similar results.