bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICEMIAS IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA
Authors: Dudding Burton , Humphrey G. Bennett , Nesbit Mark E. 
Published: December 2021

During a 12-year period from 1955 to 1967, 13 episodes of beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia have occurred in 12 children with leukemia; 4 of these episodes occurred within 6 months prior to this report. Based on a review of septicemia in childhood leukemia from 1953 to 1963 at this same hospital, the frequency of septicemia caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci was 6.3%. An estimated frequency during the period covered by this report is between 5 and 10%, a percentage that is much higher than has been reported elsewhere.
Beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia occurred during all stages of the leukemic process, but only in four instances could the septicemia have been related to the child's death. Eleven children had acute lymphatic leukemia, and one had acute promyelocytic leukemia. Although the clinical and laboratory findings associated with septicemia were similar in most instances (spiking fever, anorexia, lethargy, severe leukopenia, anemia, and so forth), the source of the infection which led to the septicemia was obvious only in one child who had cellulitis and thrombophlebitis. Despite the lack of clinical findings commonly associated with beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections, 8 of 12 patients who had routine throat cultures taken at the onset of septicemia had positive cultures for beta-hemolytic streptococci. Further identification of the organisms suggested that the same organism found in the blood was also present in the throat of these individuals.
Grouping and typing of the beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from these children revealed that nine of the septicemias were caused by a proven or presumptive group A streptococcus, whereas only four were caused by non-group A streptococci. The latter organisms may produce disease in man but their role in human disease is more often like that of other opportunistic pathogens. The greater number of group A streptococcal septicemias in these children may simply reflect the fact that this organism commonly produces upper respiratory disease in childhood. Nine of these leukemic children recovered from the septicemia. This finding plus the frequency with which beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemias are reported in these patients should increase the awareness of physicians to this relatively easily diagnosed and treated infectious complication of childhood leukemia.
WHAT CHILDREN IN 1844 READ ABOUT THEIR LIFE EXPECTANCY IN A WIDELY USED SCHOOLBOOK OF THAT PERIOD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In Mrs. Jane Taylor's popular, small, paperback schoolbook entitled, Physiology for Children, the length of life in the 1800's was given as follows:
Do most people live to be old? No, one half die before they are eight years old. Only one out of three lives to fourteen, and but one in four lives to see twenty-one.1
HIATAL HERNIA AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN
Authors: McNamara J. Judson , Paulson Donald L. , Urschel Harold C. 
Published: December 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux, usually with associated hiatal hernia, is recognized as a cause of disabling esophageal and respiratory complications in all age groups; but, until recently, it has been thought to be an unusual problem in infants and children. Respiratory complications, now appreciated with increased frequency in the adult population, may also occur in the pediatric age group.
Thirty patients under 20 years of age with gastroesophageal reflux are presented. Eighteen patients underwent surgical repair. Respiratory complications alone occurred in 3 patients, 2 had only esophageal complications, and 13 had both respiratory and esophageal complications or symptoms as indication for surgery. Symptoms and signs of both respiratory and esophageal complications are tabulated.
Results of medical and surgical therapy are summarized. Surgical patients all represented failure of at least 1 year of medical treatment. Fourteen patients were asymptomatic (excellent result) 6 months to 6 years after surgery. One was considered a good result, one was considered a fair result, and two were considered poor results or failures of surgical treatment.
Results of surgical treatment depends principally on appropriate patient selection. The diagnostic approach particularly in patients with respiratory complications of gastroesophageal reflux is outlined.
The data indicates that many severe recurrent respiratory problems of unexplained etiology in infants and children are due to gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration.
CHROMOSOME STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOSPADIAS
Authors: Juberg Richard C. , Jewson Douglas V. , Taylor Mary Belle , Moore Vicki L. 
Published: December 2021

Hypospadias in the male has frequently been regarded as a mild form of intersexuality. This concept is based only upon the observation that a male with hypospadias is morphologically more similar to a female than is a male without abnormality of the external genitalia. There has been no demonstration that the presence of feminine cells causes this deviant development. This investigation was designed to see if patients with hypospadias possessed evidence of intersexuality by having cells in their circulating blood which were not consistent with their phenotypic sex. The probability that such cells existed in patients with hypospadias was considered greater as the site of the urethral orifice progressed toward the perineum.
Among the 21 patients ascertained, location of the urethral meatus was glandular in 8 patients, penile in 6, at the penoscrotal junction in 2, scrotal in 2, and perineal in 3. Six patients also possessed abnormalities of the scrotum, testes, or kidneys, and 12 had congenital malformations of other systems.
Chromosomes obtained by leukocyte culture were studied in approximately 30 cells per patient. Neither chromosomal structural abnormalities nor mosaicism was demonstrated in any of the patients. Thus, there appears to be no genetic basis for the assumption that hypospadias in the male represents a form of intersexuality.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Baum David , Dillard David H. , Mohri Hitoshi , Crawford Edward W. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for the opportunity to comment on Dr. Wolfson letter.
Apparently, Dr. Wolfson misread portions of our article and one of its more important references. For example, we did not conclude that lowered temperature impairs hepatic function because of an increase in the ratio of plasma glycerol to FFA and a failure to metabolize infused glucose with deep hypothermia. We suggested on page 103 of our article that (1) the disparate relationship between plasma glycerol and FFA and (2) the parallel courses of plasma glycerol and lactate levels found in our hypothermic patients might be the result of impaired liver function, but not necessarily indicative of it.
SPLIT PRODUCTS OF FIBRIN IN THE SERUM OF NEWBORNS
Authors: Stiehm E. Richard , Clatanoff Dallas V. 
Published: December 2021

Levels of split products of fibrin (SPF), as measured by an immunologic tube precipitin method, were studied in cord and maternal sera obtained shortly after delivery. One hundred thirty-seven of 208 (65%) of vaginally delivered, term newborns, 28 of 48 (58%) of cesarean section delivered newborns, and 9 of 13 (69%) of low birth weight infants had SPF in their cord serum. Serial studies in 14 infants indicate that SPF disappeared from the serum within 24 hours with a half-life of 3 to 6 hours. The presence of SPF in the serum of newborn infants after 24 hours (found in 7 of 11 sick infants in this study) suggests a pathologic condition associated with fibrin breakdown such as sepsis, respiratory distress, or internal bleeding.
Cord serum SPF levels were not correlated with levels of other coagulation factors, nor with clinical features such as length of labor. Since SPF in cord serum are not increased in traumatic delivery, we conclude that their origin is the continuous lysis of clots within the placenta.
SPF were also present in 23 of 77 (30%) maternal sera obtained immediately after delivery. There was no correlation between maternal and cord serum SPF levels and their pattern differed on immunoelectrophoresis. Maternal SPF levels appear during labor and disapppear shortly after delivery.
A DUTIFUL DAUGHTER MAKES THE BEST WIFE
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Once upon a time young girls were told by their elders that to be a good wife it was all important to have behaved in a tender and respectful manner toward their parents. The quotation below, which was written by David Fordyce a little more than a century ago, is a good example of the type of teaching given to young ladies in those days.
When a young woman behaves to her parents in a manner particularly tender and respectful, I mean from principle as well as nature, there is nothing good and gentle that may not be expected from her in whatever condition she is placed. Of this I am so thoroughly persuaded, that, were I to advise any friend of mine as to his choice of a wife, I know not whether my first counsel would not be, "Look out for one distinguished by her attention and sweetness to her parents." The fund of worth and affection, indicated by such a behaviour, joined to the habit of duty and consideration thereby contracted, being transferred to the married state, will not fail to render her a mild and obliging companion.1
CARE OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Bongiovanni Alfred M. 
Published: December 2021

Although critical illness may occur in the course of chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease ), the causes of acute adrenal insufficiency in childhood are generally different. These include aplasia or hypoplasia of the adrenal gland in infancy, adrenal hemorrhage (usually in the newborn ), fulminating infections (rarely ), discontinuation of steroid therapy, and unilateral adrenalectorny for a tumor causing Gushing's syndrome. In addition, there are certain salt-losing syndromes associated with a relatively low aldosterone secretion, occurring either as primary diseases or in conjunction with classical, congenital, virilizing adrenocortical hyperplasia. There is actually little proof that fulminating infections, per se, cause acute adrenal insufficiency, whereas a body of evidence suggests ample adrenocortical response most of the time. This applies to the secretion of the corticoids as well as aldosterone. Thus, empirical use of steroids to treat serious infection is not sanctioned here.
The keys to therapy of adrenocortical failure include fluid and electrolyte replacement as well as appropriate steroid hormone replacement. Approxim ately 100 to 120 ml of isotonic saline solution per kilogram of body weight should be administered intravenously to children weighing up to 20 kg within the first 24 hours, and 75 ml per kilogram should be administered when the weight is above 20 kg. These recommendations are based on the special situation applicable to the dehydration of adrenal failure where extracellular fluid loss pnedominates. When shock is especially severe, 5 ml of plasma per kilogram may be substituted volume for volume as part of the mitial replacement fluid.
DRUG ABUSE IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Deisher Robert W. , Schroeder Albert J. , Allen V. Robert , Bakwin Harry , Eisner Victor , Garell Dale C. , Hammar S. L. , Hazard Sprague W. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Welty John Allen , Wood Charles Louis , Keck Charles , Blaine Graham 
Published: December 2021

The pediatrician can be useful to the young person with a drug problem if he: (1) is aware of the different motivations for drug abuse by adolescents and how to approach them, (2) recognizes the need for confidentiality, (3) provides factual information in a non-authoritarian manner and listens and counsels as indicated, and (4) manipulates the environment-to relieve school and family pressures and to help youngsters find better challenges.
Drug abuse in children and adolescents is a major source of concern to parents, educators, law enforcement agencies, and physicians. For the pediatrician as well as the others, a challenge exists to find more appropriate ways of help for young people who turn to drug abuse for the answer that is not there.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN THE NEWBORN: EXPERIENCE WITH 100 CASES
Authors: Varghese P. J. , Celermajer J. , Izukawa T. , Haller J. Alex , Rowe R. D. 
Published: December 2021

One quarter to one third of all children born alive with congenital heart disease are dead by the end of the first month of life. To decrease the overall mortality of congenital heart disease, early diagnosis and management in this age group are important. One hundred infants under 1 month of age underwent cardiac catheterization during a 4½-year period (1964-1968). The indications for the investigation were congestive cardiac failure alone in 45%, cyanosis alone in 23%, and a combination of heart failure and cyanosis in 30%. A diagnostic classification of the cases is presented and the major groups are briefly outlined.
The total mortality was 57%. Fifty-three patients underwent cardiac surgery and 22 (42%) survived. Nineteen patients died within 24 hours of cardiac catheterization without operation. The high mortality after surgery and cardiac catheterization in this age group is emphasized, and the factors involved are discussed.
HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS: AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF HEMOLYSIS IN THE NEWBORN ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSIENT MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Austin Robert F. , Desforges Jane F. 
Published: December 2021

Three cases of hereditary elliptocytosis in siblings are presented with hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn period requiring exchange transfusion. In two infants, transient morphologic changes of the red cell were noted shortly after birth. The clinical course of the third infant is suggestive of a similar course of events.
Attention is drawn to the presenting morphologic picture, which was not diagnostic of elliptocytosis but more closely resembled pyknocytosis.
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Aase Jon M. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the obervations of Dr. Milby and his co-workers (Pediatrics 43:601, 1969) regarding seasonal variations in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The differences between the two hospitals in the yearly fluctuation of the bilirubin levels is intriguing and raises a question about possible etiology which might bear consideration.
Several recent reports have emphasized the effect of light on the degradation of bilirubin. Is there a possibility tha the two hospital nurseries differed in the amount of light to which the infants were exposed?
COARCTATION OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA IN CHILDREN: REPORT OF THREE CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Riemenschneider Thomas A. , Emmanouilides George C. , Hirose Frank , Linde Leonard M. 
Published: December 2021

Three patients with coarctation of the abdominal aorta who were observed in an 8-year period illustrate some of the problems in diagnosis and management of this lesion. Coarctation was located at the level of the renal arteries in two instances, and above the renal vessels in the third. Bypass graft resulted in significant improvement in one patient. The second patient is presently asymptomatic with only mild systemic hypertension. A promotion thrombosis complicated the clinical course of the third infant and contributed to her early death. Histologic examination of the aortic wall revealed a unique pattern of fibromuscular dysplasia in this patient.
Sixty-nine additional instances of this malformation have been reported in children. On the basis of this review, coarctation of the abdominal aorta may be classified into segmental and hypoplastic types. Renal arterial abnormalities are frequently associated. Physical examination reveals systolic murmurs and thrills in the epigastric and lumbar areas. Roentgenographic studies demonstrate a normal aortic arch and absence of rib notching. The atypical location of the coarctation is confirmed by abdominal aortography.
The primary factor affecting ultimate prognosis is the presence of associated renal artery pathology. Operative procedures must include repair or bypass of significant renal arterial abnormalities.
ADOLESCENT PROCESS AND THE NEED FOR PERSONAL CONFRONTATION
Authors: Winnicott D. W. 
Published: December 2021

In brief, it is exciting that adolescence has become vocal and active, but the adolescent striving that makes itself felt over the whole world today needs to be met, needs to be given reality by an act of confrontation. Confrontation must be personal. Adults are needed if adolescents are to have life and liveliness. Confrontation belongs to containment that is non-retaliatory, without vindictiveness, but having its own strength. It is salutary to remember that the present student unrest and its manifest expression may be in part a product of the attitude that we are proud to have attained toward baby care, and child care, Let the young alter society and teach grownups how to see the world afresh; but, where there is the challenge of the growing boy or girl, there let an adult meet the challenge. And, it will not necessarily be nice.
In the unconscious fantasy these are matters of life and death.
Night Cries and Otitis
Authors: Multach David 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest S. Levin's article on Night Cries in Little Girls. May I suggest a similar comment on Night Cries in Little Babies.
In the past several years I automatically question every parent who calls concerning a cold in their infant of less than one year of age, asking them how well their child slept. If the child was restless or whimpered or was just up more than normal, I will ask the mother to bring the baby to be seen and in the great majonity of cases the baby has an otitis media.
SOCIAL HEALTH
Authors: Thompson Hugh C. 
Published: December 2021

During the past four decades, while our knowledge of physical disease has increased enormously, the scope of concern in pediatrics has broadened to inelude the intellectual development, school performance, emotional maturation, and behavioral disorders of children. Pediatricians are increasingly aware that much of the pathology of whatever nature in the children they treat has causes which lie in the social environment of their families and ultimately in the ill health of society itself—often, and most especially, in poverty. This paper is about these latter problems and about our responsibility, as mdividuals in society, as physicians, and as members of the American Academy of Pediatrics, to promote-by all the means at our disposal social health—that condition of the environment which will allow for the optimum functioning of tile individuals within it.
We may think of the etiology of much childhood ill health as a series of steps, each one further removed from the actual illness. The chain of causality leading to disease could be illustrated by a multitude of illnesses : prematurity, cerebral palsy, enteric diseases, drug abuse, teenage pregnancy. Accidental drug poisoning will be used as an example because it is simple and familiar to us all and because its relation to social health may not be clear initially. The traditional area of medical activity is the diagnosis and treatment of the poisoning itself. Physicians attempt as well to prevent such poisoning by dealing with its immediate cause, the child's finding and ingestion of the toxic substance. We substitute acetaminophen for aspirin, provide safety closures for medicine bottles, and urge locked medicine cabinets.
Handbuch der Medizinischen Radiologie-Encyclopedia of Medical Radiology: Roentgen Diagnosis of Diseases of the Skeletal System, Vol. 5, part 3, edited by L. Diethelm, O. Olsson, F. Strnad, H. Vieten, and A. Zuppinger. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1968, 846 pp., $79.50 (In German)
Authors: May Detlef A. 
Published: December 2021

The authors present a detailed description of congenital and acquired diseases of the skeletal system by dividing the subject into four sections. The first section reviews the hereditary skeletal abnormalities, and the second covers inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases, benign and malignant joint tumors. Section III deals with abnormalities of growth and maturation, and the last section outlines the complicated anomalies of the skeletal system.
Each chapter encompasses detailed descriptions of skeletal diseases with detailed presentation of the essential finding, synonyms, mcidence, hereditary and familial influence, sex, age, clinical manifestations, radiographic appearance, and clinical and radiographic course.
AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN NORMAL NEWBORN INFANTS DURING THE FIRST 12 HOURS OF LIFE
Authors: Kitterman Joseph A. , Phibbs Roderic H. , Tooley William H. 
Published: December 2021

Indwelling umbilical arterial catheters were used without difficulty to measure direct arterial blood pressure in newborn infants. Normal values were determined for mean aortic blood pressure during the first 12 hours of life in 45 infants who were expected, from history, to be subject to cardiopulmonary insufficiency at birth but who, after birth, were judged to be clinically well. Birth weights of these infants ranged from 1,050 to 4,220 gm, and gestational age ranged from 26 to 41 weeks. All infants were of appropriate weight for gestational age. Mean blood pressure correlated closely with birth weight and the relationship was best described by a parabolic regression [y = 35.53 + 0.36 (x) + 1.01 (x2)], where y = mean aortic blood pressure in millimeters mercury and x = birth weight in kilograms. The lower limit of normal mean aortic blood pressure was 30 mm Hg at 1,001 to 2,000 gm, 35 mm Hg at 3,000 gm, and 43 mm Hg at 4,000 gm.
It is recommended that aortic blood pressure be measured routinely in all infants who are apt to develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency and have indwelling umbilical arterial catheters.
FAMILIAL HEARING LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH BRANCHIAL FISTULAS
Authors: Rowley Peter T. 
Published: December 2021

A family is presented with cervical and preauricular branchial fistulas and congenital hearing loss. The hearing loss is unusual in having both conductive and sensorineural components. The basis of the conductive defect in the propositus was demonstrated at surgery to be a malformation of the ossicles. Hypoplasia of the mandible was present in two individuals. The syndrome was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity and apparently incomplete penetrance.
The occurrence of branchial fistulas should precipitate a search for defective hearing among relatives, especially in young children where early diagnosis and correction may permit the normal development of speech.
I. CLINICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA IN MAN
Authors: Weil A. T. , Zinberg N. E. , Nelsen J. M. 
Published: December 2021

Not to prove or disprove popularly held ideas on marijuana, but to collect "some long overdue pharmacological data," a series of experiments on acute marijuana (cannabis sativa) intoxication were conducted in 1968 in the Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory of The Boston University School of Medicine.
Three previous studies, Siler, et al1., The La Guardia Report2, and Williams, et al3., had reported a variety of consequences, including minimum physiological response. No controls were provided, and there was no dosage control.
The authors present the first known controlled double-blind study. Nine subjects who had not smoked marijuana were found with extreme difficulty and after 2 months of interviewing among the Boston student population.