bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Smart Approach to Facilitate Cafeteria
Authors: Swami I , Das N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the dawn of digital age, the paperless technology has gained prominence. Besides this automation is providing solution to lowered costs and lessening of man-power cost. Nowadays people don’t want to waste their time in canteen by being just there and waiting in long queue to give their food orders to canteen staff. During lunch time if any customer visits the canteen, due to limited time he/she cannot return to his/her working place. This paper enables the end users to register online, read and select the food items from e-menu card and order online by selecting and adding the food items in food cart by using web application. The purpose of making a web application is to replace manual payment by electronic payment. The system will have GUI interface and less user training is required. The system has been developed using Incremental Rapid Application Development (RAD) model and the website has been designed and developed using PHP, CSS, HTML, Bootstrap, Ajax and MySQL.
Structure and mechanical properties of a wedge-rolled steel skelp
Authors: Pachurin V G , Galkin V V , Pachurin G V , Mukhina M V , Smirnova Zh V , Chelnokova EA 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using the example of steel 50CrMnV, we present the regular changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the metal product with a wedge-shaped longitudinal section obtained by hot rolling of a skelp with the highest reduction rate of 40% and data on the structure of its deformation zone.
Treatment of septic tank effluent using sequencing batch reactor along with the incorporation of rice husk and Bael pericarp as a natural adsorbent in reducing BOD and COD
Authors: Prasanna K , Annadurai R , Godson M D , Murali Aravind , Ashok Induja , Krishnan M V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The generation of liquid forms of waste has rapidly shown its hike in the presently expanding world. This quantification hugely includes the day today’s secretion of the human excreta into the septic tanks that are commonly found in every household. Proper treatment and disposal of faecal waste, once the septic tank is full, becomes challenging for every resident and local bodies. The primary contaminants found in the Septic Tank Effluents (STE) include many disease-causing pathogens, faecal coliform bacteria, detergents and toxic gases. The Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) takes its position when treating any waste, which contains a high amount of organic content. In this study, the characteristics, namely COD and BOD of STE samples collected from different locations of the semi-urban area at the outskirt of a town were analyzed. The STE samples treated using SBR mainly to reduce COD and BOD concentration found to be in higher concentration beyond the permissible limit. The same samples subjected to contact with adsorbents such as rice husk and powdered form of dried Bael (Aegle marmelos) outer shell. Results showed a good reaction with the adsorbents and found a significant reduction in COD and BOD concentration.
Comparative study of adsorptive removal of oxyanion (Cr2O4
-2) from aqueous media over unmodified and magnetically modified Melia azedarach
Authors: Nosheen M. , Khan A.A. , Salman M. , Shafqat S. S. , Sajid M. , Rizwan M. , Aslam M. , Ijaz F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, unmodified Melia azedarach (UMA) and magnetically modified Melia azedarach (MMA) were used as a low cost biosorbent for the adsorptive removal of oxyanion (chromate ion Cr2O4
2-) from aqueous solution. The UMA and MMA were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch biosorption process was used to check the effect of well-known process parameters including biosorbent dose, contact time and pH of solution. Experimental results revealed that MMA has more adsorption capacity as compared to UMA. Maximum % age removal (60.49%) was observed under acidic condition (pH=2) using MMA. The obtained experimental data was evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as well as pseudo 1st and 2nd order reaction kinetic models. Results showed that equilibrium mechanism can satisfactorily be explained by Langmuir model as depicted by the correlation factor (close to unity) and follows 2nd order reaction kinetic models.
Reliable Smart Pet Feeding Machine Using Arduino Uno Starter Kit
Authors: Suffian M S Z M , Zaini A N H A , Jamali A , Mohamaddan S , Ashari M F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pet feeding can be done manually by pet owners, or automatically with the help of the pet feeders. The main concerns here are to solve the issue of unavailability of pet owners and the hygiene aspect in pet feeding. The developed automated system enables pet owners to feed their pets while they are away. The main objective of operating this research is to develop an automated pet feeding device focusing on in house pets by utilizing Arduino Uno as its Central Processing Unit (CPU) or microcontroller which function to control a weight sensor (load cells) and a servo motor. Smart Pet Feeding Machine is an automated pet feeding device designed to run based on weight mechanism. It will automatically dispense pet foods when minimum amount of pet food weight is triggered and will automatically stop dispensing when it reaches maximum amount of weight. Its architectural design includes a vertical storage compartment to store pet foods, a square opening at the bottom of storage compartment as opening for dispensing, a motorized dispenser and an aluminium bowl to place dispensed pet foods. The motion of dispenser is operated by a servo motor attached to the dispenser.
Development of solar power system for Sarawak peat water continuous electrocoagulation treatment process
Authors: Rahman N Abdul , Linus A Albania , Philip A , Jihed E E , Gilan U J , Kumar N K M F , Yassin A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sarawak state government has established Sarawak Alternative Rural Water Supply (SAWAS) programme in order to serve as a purpose of providing safe and clean water to the rural communities not connected to municipal clean water supply. In the rural areas of Sarawak, particularly on the coastal region where municipal water supply is not available, the villagers are normally resorted to utilize rainwater and peat water for daily usage. Some of these rural areas are even not connected to electricity grid. Subsequently, one of the proposed methods to eradicate these problems in supplying clean water without electricity supply grid is to implement stand-alone water treatment system with solar power system. As such, the main aim of the study is to design a solar power system to support Sarawak peat water electrocoagulation treatment process. The study is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the study designs a solar power system to support the treatment process of peat water for both batch and continuous electrocoagulation systems. This includes designing and fabrication of a small-scale solar power system. The second stage of the study involved experimental studies on both batch and continuous electrocoagulation systems in order to study the effectiveness of solar power system to supply electricity for the electrocoagulation systems. Overall, the study has developed a solar power system for both batch and continuous electrocoagulation of peat water system. From the experiments conducted, the developed systems are capable to reduce 18.8% and 46.15% of peat water turbidity for batch and continuous electrocoagulation systems respectively. However, in order to meet a more stringent drinking water standards, some improvements on the designed systems are indispensable.
Programmable electron density patterns induced by the interaction of an array laser and underdense plasma
Authors: ZHANG Xiaobo , QIAO Xin , ZHANG Aixia , XUE Jukui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The spatially modulated electron distribution of plasma is the basis for obtaining programmable electron density patterns. It has an important influence on plasma technology applications. We propose an efficient scheme to realize controllable electron density patterns in underdense plasma based on the array laser–plasma interaction. Theoretical evidence for the realization of programmable electron density patterns and the corresponding electrostatic field is provided analytically, which is confirmed by particle-in-cell simulations. Results show that the spatial distribution of electron density in the propagation and transverse directions of the laser can be highly modulated to obtain rich programmable electron density patterns by adjusting the array pattern code and pulse width of the array laser beam.
Charge transfer in plasma assisted dry reforming of methane using a nanosecond pulsed packed-bed reactor discharge
Authors: ZHANG Shuai , GAO Yuan , SUN Hao , FAN Zhe , SHAO Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of packing material on plasma characteristic from the viewpoint of charge transfer process. Both the charge accumulation and release processes in the dielectric barrier discharge reactor and packed-bed reactor were investigated by measuring voltage and current waveforms and taking ICCD images. The packing material was ZrO2 pellets and the reactors were driven by a parameterized nanosecond pulse source. The quantity of transferred charges in the dielectric barrier discharge reactor was enhanced when decreasing pulse rise time or increasing pulse width (within 150 ns), but reduced when the gas gap was packed with pellets. The quantity of accumulated charges in the primary discharge was larger than the quantity of released charges in the secondary discharges in the dielectric barrier discharge reactor, but they were almost equal in the packed-bed reactor. It indicates that the discharge behavior has been changed from the view of charge transfer process once the gas gap was packed with pellets, and the ICCD images confirmed it.
Numerical investigation of the pouring mechanism in the filling of epoxy resin in pressure casting processes
Authors: Pushpak Kumar , Chandy Abhilash J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epoxy resins are one of the most widely used thermosetting materials, especially for transformer insulation in the electrical industry. One of the primary technologies used for manufacturing such products is based on pressure casting. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of the mould filling stage in a pressure casting process for epoxy resin casting are carried out and presented in this paper. Two designs of a gating system are studied and their effects on the flow parameters in the mould are analyzed. The two designs being top pour and bottom pour inlet. A new solver is developed in an open source CFD framework, OpenFOAM, which incorporates the Navier–Stokes equations, energy equation including the viscous dissipation and a new isoAdvector approach for capturing the liquid-gas interface. The objective is to simulate the flow and heat transfer of epoxy resin, while being filled in the mould that is initially empty and heated to a specified temperature. Formulation was validated with experimental measurements of the classical dam breaking problem. For the resin filling problem, further verification was carried out using grid-dependent studies and temporal fill factor comparisons to experiments. In addition, instantaneous contours of volume fraction and temperature, and velocity vectors are studied to understand the flow patterns and heat transfer in the mould during the filling process. Among both the gating designs, the bottom pour was the more preferred one as it resulted in less turbulence, sloshing and it provides an easy passage for the voids to escape leading to higher fill factor. This analysis also helps in recognising the location of voids and thereby help in potentially identifying optimal process parameter settings for a more suitable mould design.
High-performance deterministic in situ electron-beam lithography enabled by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Rodt S , Reitzenstein S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The application of solid-state quantum emitters in real-world quantum information technologies requires precise nanofabrication platforms with high process yield. Self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots with excellent emission properties have proven to be among the best candidates to meet the needs of a number of novel quantum photonic devices. However, their spatial and spectral positions vary statistically on a scale that is far too large for their system integration via fixed lithography and inflexible processing schemes. We solve this severe problem by introducing a flexible and deterministic manufacturing scheme based on precise and convenient cathodoluminescence spectroscopy followed by high-resolution electron-beam lithography. The basics and application examples of this advanced in situ electron-beam lithography are described in this article. Although we focus here on quantum dots as photon emitters, this nanotechnology concept is very well suited for the fabrication of a variety of quantum nanophotonic devices based on quantum emitters that exhibit suitably strong cathodoluminescence signals.
Evaluation of a specialty hepatitis C virus telephone pharmacy service
Authors: Sabourin Ashley A , Fisher-Grant Kaleigh K , Saulles Adam R , Mohammad Rima A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are associated with significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Pharmacists are well positioned to identify and mitigate these DDIs. Data to guide assessment of the impact of HCV specialty pharmacy services on identifying and addressing DDIs with DAAs are lacking. The overall purpose of the study described here was to determine the incidence and severity of DDIs identified by specialty pharmacists among patients treated with DAAs prior to and 1 month into therapy.

Methods
An observational, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of specialty pharmacy services in mitigating DDIs associated with use of DAAs. Adult patients with HCV infection (n = 200) who received DAAs and were enrolled with a specialty pharmacy service over a 1-year period were included. Endpoints included number, severity, and type of DDIs and DDIs per patient at baseline and 1 month into therapy, pharmacists’ interventions, and safety and clinical outcomes.

Results
Fifty-nine percent of patients had at least 1 DDI. A total of 170 DDIs were identified (137 at baseline and 33 at 1-month follow-up), and the mean number of DDIs per patient significantly decreased from baseline to 1-month follow-up (from 1.38 to 0.16, P &lt; 0.0001). The rate of “potentially clinically significant” or “critical” interactions was significantly lower at 1-month follow-up vs baseline assessment (69.6% vs 81.7%, P &lt; 0.0001). The most commonly identified DDIs involved acid suppressive medications (49.6% and 66.6% of DDIs at baseline and follow-up assessment, respectively) and cardiovascular medications (26.2% and 21.2%, respectively). Total number of DDI interventions was 131, with an acceptance rate of 85%. Most common intervention was patient education and monitoring.

Conclusion
Approximately 60% of patients had DDIs with DAAs. Implementing HCV specialty pharmacy services significantly decreased DDIs while maintaining SVR12.
Strange Games, Puppy Play and Exhaustive Intelligibility: A Response to Thi Nguyen’s Games: Agency as Art
Authors: Noë Alva 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thi Nguyen develops the view that games are, at least potentially, works of art that afford players the opportunity to experiment with agency and have aesthetically significant experiences. In this paper, I critically discuss this proposal. You can make art out of games, I argue, but only at the price of making bad games. I explore the significance of this rivalry between games and art.
Subconcussive brain vital signs changes predict head-impact exposure in ice hockey players
Authors: Fickling Shaun D , Smith Aynsley M , Stuart Michael J , Dodick David W , Farrell Kyle , Pender Sara C , D’Arcy Ryan C N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The brain vital signs framework is a portable, objective, neurophysiological evaluation of brain function at point-of-care. We investigated brain vital signs at pre- and post-season for age 14 or under (Bantam) and age 16–20 (Junior-A) male ice hockey players to (i) further investigate previously published brain vital sign results showing subconcussive cognitive deficits and (ii) validate these findings through comparison with head-impact data obtained from instrumented accelerometers. With a longitudinal study design, 23 male ice hockey players in Bantam (n = 13; age 13.63 ± 0.62) and Tier II Junior-A (n = 10; age 18.62 ± 0.86) divisions were assessed at pre- and post-season. None were diagnosed with a concussion during the season. Cognitive evoked potential measures of Auditory sensation (N100), Basic attention (P300) and Cognitive processing (N400) were analysed as changes in peak amplitudes and latencies (six standard scores total). A regression analysis examined the relationship between brain vital signs and the number of head impacts received during the study season. Significant pre/post differences in brain vital signs were detected for both groups. Bantam and Junior-A players also differed in number of head impacts (Bantam: 32.92 ± 17.68; Junior-A: 195.00 ± 61.08; P &lt; 0.001). Importantly, the regression model demonstrated a significant linear relationship between changes in brain vital signs and total head impacts received (R = 0.799, P = 0.007), with clear differences between the Bantam and Junior-A groups. In the absence of a clinically diagnosed concussion, the brain vital sign changes appear to have demonstrated the compounding effects of repetitive subconcussive impacts. The findings underscored the importance of an objective physiological measure of brain function along the spectrum of concussive impacts.
Genetic kidney diseases as an underrecognized cause of chronic kidney disease: the key role of international registry reports
Authors: Torra Roser , Furlano Mónica , Ortiz Alberto , Ars Elisabet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) are among the leading causes of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for at least 10–15% of cases of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in adults. Paediatric nephrologists are very aware of the high prevalence of IKDs among their patients, but this is not the case for adult nephrologists. Recent publications have demonstrated that monogenic diseases account for a significant percentage of adult cases of CKD. A substantial number of these patients have received a non-specific/incorrect diagnosis or a diagnosis of CKD of unknown aetiology, which precludes correct treatment, follow-up and genetic counselling. There are a number of reasons why genetic kidney diseases are difficult to diagnose in adulthood: (i) adult nephrologists, in general, are not knowledgeable about IKDs; (ii) existence of atypical phenotypes; (iii) genetic testing is not universally available; (iv) family history is not always available or may be negative; (v) lack of knowledge of various genotype–phenotype relationships and (vi) conflicting interpretation of the pathogenicity of many sequence variants. Registries can contribute to visualize the burden of IKDs by regularly grouping all IKDs in their annual reports, as is done for glomerulonephritis or interstitial diseases, rather than reporting only cystic disease and hiding other IKDs under labels such as ‘miscellaneous’ or ‘other’. Any effort to reduce the percentage of patients needing KRT with a diagnosis of ‘nephropathy of unknown etiology’ or an unspecific/incorrect diagnosis should be encouraged as a step towards precision nephrology. Genetic testing may be of value in this context but should not be used indiscriminately, but rather on the basis of a deep knowledge of IKDs.
Seed Predation of Interseeded Cover Crops and Resulting Impacts on Ground Beetles
Authors: Carabajal-Capitán Sara , Kniss Andrew R , Jabbour Randa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interseeding cover crops into standing grains can promote both agronomic and environmental benefits within agroecosystems. Producers must decide which cover crops are the best fit for their goals, and whether diverse cover crop mixtures provide benefits that are worth the increased seed cost. Broadcast seeding is an accessible strategy to try interseeding but can lead to patchy establishment; it is unknown how much seed loss is due to seed predators. In a two-year study, six cover crop species—planted as either single species or mixtures—were interseeded into standing corn. We evaluated seed predation at the time of seeding, agronomic impact through cover crop, and weedy biomass at the end of the season, and conservation impact through activity-density of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Cover crop seeds were vulnerable to seed predation, primarily by vertebrate seed predators, and seed loss varied across cover crop species. Cover crop biomass did not differ according to cover crop diversity and weedy biomass was not affected by cover crop presence or species. Cover crop diversity effects on carabid activity-density were inconsistent: carabids were higher in diverse mixtures in 1 year of the study, but only predicted by vegetative cover, not by cover crop, in the second year. Interseeding cover crops into corn has potential benefits for ground beetles, although the value of mixtures must be further explored.
The Missing Expression Level–Evolutionary Rate Anticorrelation in Viruses Does Not Support Protein Function as a Main Constraint on Sequence Evolution
Authors: Wei Changshuo , Chen Yan-Ming , Chen Ying , Qian Wenfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the central goals in molecular evolutionary biology is to determine the sources of variation in the rate of sequence evolution among proteins. Gene expression level is widely accepted as the primary determinant of protein evolutionary rate, because it scales with the extent of selective constraints imposed on a protein, leading to the well-known negative correlation between expression level and protein evolutionary rate (the E–R anticorrelation). Selective constraints have been hypothesized to entail the maintenance of protein function, the avoidance of cytotoxicity caused by protein misfolding or nonspecific protein–protein interactions, or both. However, empirical tests evaluating the relative importance of these hypotheses remain scarce, likely due to the nontrivial difficulties in distinguishing the effect of a deleterious mutation on a protein’s function versus its cytotoxicity. We realized that examining the sequence evolution of viral proteins could overcome this hurdle. It is because purifying selection against mutations in a viral protein that result in cytotoxicity per se is likely relaxed, whereas purifying selection against mutations that impair viral protein function persists. Multiple analyses of SARS-CoV-2 and nine other virus species revealed a complete absence of any E–R anticorrelation. As a control, the E–R anticorrelation does exist in human endogenous retroviruses where purifying selection against cytotoxicity is present. Taken together, these observations do not support the maintenance of protein function as the main constraint on protein sequence evolution in cellular organisms.