bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception on Online Teaching and Learning Among Health Sciences Students in Higher Education Institutions during the COVID-19 Lockdown – Ways to Improve Teaching and Learning in Saudi Colleges and Universities
Authors: Aziz Ansari Khalid , Farooqi Faraz A. , Qadir Khan Soban , Alhareky Muhanad , C. Trinidad Ma. Abigail , Abidi Taha , M Muzaheed 
Published: December 2021

Background: Online learning or E-learning are approaches to broadcasting teaching by the means of internet technology and software applications. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is likewise embarking on the rapid growth in online education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the student’s perceptions regarding online teaching and learning during COVID 19. Methods: An online computer-based cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2020. A pre-validated questionnaire was used and administrated to health sciences students studying at Dammam Universities through online software QuestionPro. Results: Out of total 281, 68% of the participants were females (n=188) while 31.9% (n=88) were male students with an average age of 23.1(4.5) years. Overall, 176 (62%) of the students expressed their satisfaction with online learning. Conclusion: Findings will help academicians to identify strengths, areas of improvement, and encourage faculty to think deeply to restructure course learning objectives, teaching techniques to engage students and improve learning process.
MSTCN: A multiscale temporal convolutional network for user independent human activity recognition
Authors: Raja Sekaran Sarmela , Pang Ying Han , Ling Goh Fan , Yin Ooi Shih 
Published: December 2021

Background: In recent years, human activity recognition (HAR) has been an active research topic due to its widespread application in various fields such as healthcare, sports, patient monitoring, etc. HAR approaches can be categorised as handcrafted feature methods (HCF) and deep learning methods (DL). HCF involves complex data pre-processing and manual feature extraction in which the models may be exposed to high bias and crucial implicit pattern loss. Hence, DL approaches are introduced due to their exceptional recognition performance. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) extracts spatial features while preserving localisation. However, it hardly captures temporal features. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) learns temporal features, but it is susceptible to gradient vanishing and suffers from short-term memory problems. Unlike RNN, Long-Short Term Memory network has a relatively longer-term dependency. However, it consumes higher computation and memory because it computes and stores partial results at each level. Methods: This work proposes a novel multiscale temporal convolutional network (MSTCN) based on the Inception model with a temporal convolutional architecture. Unlike HCF methods, MSTCN requires minimal pre-processing and no manual feature engineering. Further, multiple separable convolutions with different-sized kernels are used in MSTCN for multiscale feature extraction. Dilations are applied to each separable convolution to enlarge the receptive fields without increasing the model parameters. Moreover, residual connections are utilised to prevent information loss and gradient vanishing. These features enable MSTCN to possess a longer effective history while maintaining a relatively low in-network computation. Results: The performance of MSTCN is evaluated on UCI and WISDM datasets using subject independent protocol with no overlapping subjects between the training and testing sets. MSTCN achieves F1 scores of 0.9752 on UCI and 0.9470 on WISDM. Conclusion: The proposed MSTCN dominates the other state-of-the-art methods by acquiring high recognition accuracies without requiring any manual feature engineering.
Staff experience of rapid implementation of telemedicine: informing future service redesign
Authors: Shorthouse Faye , Spahr Nicholas , Tack Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many services in the NHS suspended face-to-face appointments and transitioned to remote consultations. Best practice advocates for evaluation of what was implemented, and the lessons learned, to guide future service redevelopment. This evaluation explored the experienced of physiotherapy staff, aiming to inform future service development and ensure that the staff perspective is taken into account. Methods A survey was distributed to all staff involved in the initial running of the integrated musculoskeletal physiotherapy service at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. Questions consisted of Likert scales, multiple choice questions, scales of 1–100 and open questions. Overall, 22 staff members from the new remote clinic and 10 from the follow-up clinic responded. Content analysis was performed to draw themes from responses. Results Overall, 75% of responses indicated a positive experience of the implementation of telemedicine. However, improvements in training and procedural matters were highlighted as fundamental to supporting staff in these clinics. There was considerable variation between staff in the new patient clinic and those in the follow-up clinic, with the former feeling less confident about running remote patient clinics. Conclusions Remote consultations are an accepted medium for staff to deliver physiotherapy consultations. However, future development of telemedicine services must be informed by this experience and take staff experiences into consideration.
Factors contributing to patient safety culture: the staff perspective
Authors: Ayoub Ahmed Yahya , Salim Nezar Ahmed , Hdaib Belal Mohammad , Eshah Nidal F 
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims Unsafe medical practices lead to large numbers of injuries, disabilities and deaths each year worldwide. An understanding of safety culture in healthcare organisations is vital to improve practice and prevent adverse events from medical errors. This integrated literature review aimed to evaluate healthcare staff's perceptions of factors contributing to patient safety culture in their organisations. Methods A comprehensive in-depth review was conducted of studies associated with patient safety culture. Multiple electronic databases, such as PubMed, Wolters Kluwer Health, Karger, SAGE journal and Biomedical Central, were searched for relevant literature published between 2015 and 2020. The keywords ‘patient safety culture’, ‘patient safety’, ‘healthcare providers’, ‘adverse event’, ‘attitude’ and ‘perception’ were searched for. Results Overall, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. Across all studies, staff highlighted several factors that need improvement to facilitate an effective patient safety culture, with most dimensions of patient safety culture lacking. In particular, staffing levels, open communication, feedback following an error and reporting of adverse events were perceived as lacking across the studies. Conclusion Many issues regarding patient safety culture were present across geographical locations and staff roles. It is crucial that healthcare managers and policymakers work towards an environment that focuses on organisational learning, rather than punishment, in regards to medical errors and adverse incidents. Teamwork between units, particularly during handovers, also requires improvement.
A network-based method for predicting disease-associated enhancers
Authors: Le Duc-Hau 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEnhancers regulate transcription of target genes, causing a change in expression level. Thus, the aberrant activity of enhancers can lead to diseases. To date, a large number of enhancers have been identified, yet a small portion of them have been found to be associated with diseases. This raises a pressing need to develop computational methods to predict associations between diseases and enhancers.ResultsIn this study, we assumed that enhancers sharing target genes could be associated with similar diseases to predict the association. Thus, we built an enhancer functional interaction network by connecting enhancers significantly sharing target genes, then developed a network diffusion method RWDisEnh, based on a random walk with restart algorithm, on networks of diseases and enhancers to globally measure the degree of the association between diseases and enhancers. RWDisEnh performed best when the disease similarities are integrated with the enhancer functional interaction network by known disease-enhancer associations in the form of a heterogeneous network of diseases and enhancers. It was also superior to another network diffusion method, i.e., PageRank with Priors, and a neighborhood-based one, i.e., MaxLink, which simply chooses the closest neighbors of known disease-associated enhancers. Finally, we showed that RWDisEnh could predict novel enhancers, which are either directly or indirectly associated with diseases.ConclusionsTaken together, RWDisEnh could be a potential method for predicting disease-enhancer associations.
W cieniu mistrza. O etiudzie Stanisława Latałły Święta rodzina
Authors: Hendrykowski Marek 
Published: December 2021

The text contains an analysis of Stanisław Latałło’s short film The Holy Family, shot at the ŁódźFilm School in the autumn of 1969. The author reconstructs the parabolic structure of this work and reveals the historical context of its realization, tied to the events of March 1968.
Bohater mityczny w Matce Ziemi Piotra Złotorowicza
Authors: Rojek Patrycja 
Published: December 2021

In his etude Mother Earth Piotr Złotorowicz forms the narrative around the mythical hero. The main character Maciek gains the entirety of mythical fulfi llment due to being shaped by (1) space of the execution of the film narration’s subject (indicated by the opposition of home area and garden area), (2) space around him (indicated by sublimed functioning of touch), (3) inability to identify with his own community (indicated by rejecting the butchery tradition of his family), (4) inability to act different than how it was shown (indicated by numerous similarities to Jesus Christ).
Wygnanie ocalonych. Doświadczenie emigracji pomarcowej w filmach Mariana Marzyńskiego i Leszka Leo Kantora
Authors: Pietrzak Maciej 
Published: December 2021

Autobiographical threads occupy an important place in films of Marian Marzyński and Leszek Leo Kantor. Interesting is the convergence of life experiences common to both authors. We can indicate a lot of parallelisms in biographies of both directors. Certainly, the most important analogy is the fact that both of them survived the Holocaust as children. Common to both artists is also experience of anti-Semitic campaign of March 1968, as a result of which they were forced to emigrate from Poland. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how this personal experience of exile resonates in their work.
The Abuse of Ownership: A Social Justice Perspective
Authors: Radonjić Aleksa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Given that property rights are politically sensitive, and that the right of ownership is the most extensive property right, this article undertakes a political analysis of the so-called abuse of ownership doctrine as a private law limitation to the right of ownership. The notion of the abuse of rights as is defined and described by the Serbian academic, Professor Vodinelić, is explained, and examined with respect to how it fits into four different social justice theories. This analysis shows that the doctrine of abuse of rights would change in structure, and in the way it is applied, depending on the underlying value system which is adopted in a society.
Family-Rated Pediatric Health Status Is Associated With Unplanned Health Services Use
Authors: Steele Brian J. , Kemp Kyle , Fairie Paul , Santana Maria J. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Self-rated health is a common self-reported health measure associated with morbidity, mortality, and health care use. The objective was to investigate the association of family-rated health status (FRH) in pediatric care with administrative indicators, patient and respondent features, and unplanned health services use.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data were taken from Child-Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems surveys collected between 2015 and 2019 in Alberta, Canada and linked with administrative health records. Three analyses were performed: correlation to assess association between administrative indicators of health status and FRH, logistic regression to assess respondent and patient characteristics associated with FRH, and automated logistic regression to assess the association between FRH and unplanned health services use within 90 days of discharge.

RESULTS
A total of 6236 linked surveys were analyzed. FRH had small but significant associations with administrative indicators. Models of FRH had better fit with patient and respondent features. Respondent relationship to child, child age, previous hospitalizations, and number of comorbidities were significantly associated with ratings of FRH. Automated models of unplanned services use included FRH as a feature, and poor ratings of health were associated with increased odds of emergency department visits (adjusted odds ratio: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.62–2.85) and readmission (adjusted odds ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.62–2.85).

CONCLUSION
FRH is a simple, single-item global rating of health for pediatric populations that provides accessible and useful information about pediatric health care needs. The results of this article serve as a reminder that family members are valuable sources of information that can improve care and potentially prevent unplanned health services use.
Association Between Corticosteroids and Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Orbital Cellulitis
Authors: Gill Peter J. , Mahant Sanjay , Hall Matt , Parkin Patricia C. , Shah Samir S. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Mestre Marcos , Markham Jessica L. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES
To examine the association between systemic corticosteroid use and outcomes for children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis at US children’s hospitals.

METHODS
We conducted a multicenter observational study using administrative data from the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2007 to 2019. Children between the ages of 2 months and 18 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification or 10th Revision, Clinical Modification discharge diagnostic codes of orbital cellulitis were included. The primary exposure was receipt of systemic corticosteroids on the day of hospital admission. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay, and secondary outcomes included surgical intervention, ICU admissions, revisits, and health care costs. We used generalized logit model with inverse probability weighting logistic regression to adjust for demographic factors and assess for differences in clinical outcomes reported.

RESULTS
Of the 5832 patients hospitalized with orbital cellulitis, 330 (5.7%) were in the corticosteroid group and 5502 (94.3%) were in the noncorticosteroid group. Patients in the corticosteroid group were older, had more severe illness, and received broad spectrum antibiotics. In adjusted analyses, corticosteroid exposure was not associated with differences in length of hospital stay, need for surgical intervention, ICU admissions, emergency department revisits, 30-day hospital readmissions, or hospital costs. Restricting the analysis to only those patients who received broad spectrum antibiotics did not change the findings.

CONCLUSIONS
Early use of systemic corticosteroids in hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis is not associated with improved clinical outcomes. Use of corticosteroids in hospitalized children with orbital cellulitis should be discouraged outside of clinical trials.
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION ON ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Platou Ralph V. , Nelson Waldo E. , Alexander Hattie E. , Platou Erling S. , Wegman Myron E. , Greenbaum J. Victor 
Published: December 2021

Because the participants have covered their assignments so well, a complete summary is not necessary, though it seems fair to hazard a few tentative conclusions based on our discussions.
(1) No more than the broadest kind of generalizations for dosage schedules of penicillin or streptomycin are permissible at present. To serve the best interests of patients, therapy directed against any infectious agent must be individualized. Specific means for such individualization are available, and deserve wider application.
(2) Probably all pathogenic micro-organisms have a number of similar mechanisms for combatting the injurious effects of antibiotic agents; some of these mechanisms have been discussed, others undoubtedly remain to be elucidated. The greatest single limiting factor for effective use of streptomycin is emergence of resistance. Some resistant organisms are probably present in any bacterial population; it is important that these be eradicated by adequate therapy at the earliest possible moment.
(3) Toxic effects of penicillin are relatively minor in contrast to those of streptomycin; the danger of streptomycin therapy should be very carefully weighed against the patient's need before this agent is used.
(4) Means for increasing and prolonging effective levels of antibiotic agents in body fluids at present have limited practical value, but may be of value in specific situations.
(5) Clinically, "the trend" in the treatment of most infections with antibiotic agents is to increase the individual and total dosage, increase the interval between doses, reduce the number of doses and the total duration of therapy. By the very mechanism of their action, these agents should never be used to "taper off" an effective clinical response. They are rarely justified for minor infections or for an all too common indication, "just in case."
A Difference in Mortality Rate and Incidence of Kernicterus Among Premature Infants Allotted to Two Prophylactic Antibacterial Regimens, by William A. Silverman, et al,Pediatrics, 1956;18:614–624
Authors: Sinclair John C. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Low birth-weight (LBW) infants have a high incidence of serious infections. These are difficult to diagnose early. Thus, prophylactic treatment with antibiotics appears to be rational, but the best choice of antibiotics is uncertain.Objective. In newborn LBW infants, to compare the effects on death rate and principal findings at necropsy of two prophylactic antibacterial regimens, oxytetracycline (OT) versus penicillin/sulfisoxazole (P/S).Methods. Consecutively admitted LBW infants (N = 193) were randomly assigned, within three birth-weight strata, to receive either subcutaneous 0T or a combination of P/S. The primary outcomes were death before 120 hours, death before 28 days, and principal diagnoses at necropsy.Results. Infants allocated to P/S had a large and statistically significant increase in death rate, determined up to 120 hours (OT, 20.6%; P/S, 48.4%; absolute risk increase, 27.8%) and up to 28 days (0T, 27.8%; P/S, 63.2%; absolute risk increase, 35.3%). This increase in deaths was not attributable to death from infection; the incidence of positive postmortem blood culture results was lower in the P/S group, and there was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of pneumonia or other infections at necropsy. However, in the P/S group, there was a large, unexpected, and statistically significant increase in the finding of kernicterus at necropsy among necropsied deaths occurring up to 120 hours (0T, 6.3%; P/S 36.4%; absolute risk increase 30.1%) and up to 28 days (0T, 4.5%; P/S, 43.2%; absolute risk increase, 38.7%).Conclusions. Infants who received P/S died at a significantly higher rate and had a higher rate of kernicterus at necropsy than those who received OT. The mechanism of the differences observed in rates of mortality and death with kernicterus is unknown.
THE MEASUREMENT OF FLUID DEPOSITION IN HUMANS FOLLOWING MIST TENT THERAPY
Authors: Bau Samuel K. , Aspin Norman , Wood Donald E. , Levison Henry 
Published: December 2021

Mist tent therapy is used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis to deposit fluid droplets in the terminal airways of the lung. It is assumed that water deposited in the peripheral airways thins the secretions and facilitates their clearance from the lung.
The distribution of inhaled mist was assessed by labelling aerosol from an ultrasonic nebulizer with technetium 99m and measuring the distribution of radioactivity in a subject who breathed the aerosol in the mist tent. Subjects breathed from the tent for 1 hour after which the total uptake of fluid was measured by a scintillation probe and its distribution with a rectilinear scanner. Three different ultrasonic nebulizers were used. In some studies 10% propylene glycol in water was used as the nebulizing fluid.
In six healthy adults and eight patients with cystic fibrosis, less than 5% of the activity nebulized and distributed in the tent entered the body. Of this, 90% of the inhaled radioactivity initially lodged in the nasopharynx and rapidly appeared in the stomach. Very little activity was detected over the lungs. These results indicate that very little aerosol fluid from a mist tent is directly deposited in the terminal airways of the lung.
PROGRESS REPORT
Authors: Riley Harris D. , Alsever William D. , Calcagno Philip L. , Cunningham George , Kemberling Sidney R. , Staub Henry , Tower John C. , Bridge Allyn G. , Montgomery Theodore A. , Moore William M. , Post David B. , Rogers Kenneth D. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this statement is to provide a progress report concerning the activities and accomplishments of the Committee on Indian Health. The Committee was established in late 1964 with the following objectives defined by the Executive Board:
1. To encourage experienced pediatricians to consider careers within the Indian Health Service.
2. To conduct or sponsor studies of special pediatric problems in Indian and Alaskan natives.
3. To provide leadership in the review and development of methods and procedures to improve the provision of pediatric services to the Indian and Alaskan native population.
4. To stimulate continuing individual and organizational interest in the Indian Health Program by pediatricians, particularly those in practice in areas with a large Indian population.
5. To establish a continuing liaison and professional relationship between the Academy and pediatricians assigned to the Indian Health Program.
COMMITTEE ACTIVITIES
Meetings
Since its inception, the Committee has held formal meetings in Phoenix, Anchorage, Billings, Chicago, Washington, Albuquerque, Tucson, and Oklahoma City. Members of the Committee are physicians who are informed and interested in Indian health and who reside near Indian or Alaskan native populations. The Committee has seen the problems of American Indians and Alaskan natives firsthand during field trips to reservations and other locations with concentrations of Indian populations.
Shortly after its establishment, the Committee saw the need to maintain continuing liaison with other committees and agencies. Therefore, a consultant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development was named to the Committee, and a liaison representative from the Committee on School Health of the Academy was added as a consultant.
Pseudomonas Osteomyelitis: Puncture Wounds of the Feet
Authors: Hagler Donald J. 
Published: December 2021

The recent report1 of pseudomonas osteomyelitis following puncture wound of the foot raises the question of why this rarely reported,
See Images in the PDF File
but clinically recognized phenomenon occurs.* I would like to report an additional case which demonstrates similar evidence for the etiology.
S.S., an 8-year-old Caucasian male, presented at this hospital with a several–day history of swelling and tenderness of the site of a nail puncture wound in the plantar aspect of the foot, approximately in the second metacarpal phalangeal area (Fig. 1).