bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Expressions of Emotions During Pharmacological and Exercise Stress Testing: the Role of Myocardial Ischemia and Cardiac Symptoms
Authors: Bekendam Maria T. , Kop Willem J. , Vermeltfoort Ilse A. C. , Widdershoven Jos W. , Mommersteeg Paula M. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Negative emotions have been linked to ischemic heart disease, but existing research typically involves self-report methods and little is known about non-verbal facial emotion expression. The role of ischemia and anginal symptoms in emotion expression was examined.

Methods
Patients undergoing cardiac stress testing (CST) using bicycle exercise or adenosine with myocardial perfusion imaging were included (N = 256, mean age 66.8 ± 8.7 year., 43% women). Video images and emotion expression (sadness, anxiety, anger, and happiness) were analyzed at baseline, initial CST , maximal CST, recovery. Nuclear images were evaluated using SPECT.

Results
Ischemia (N = 89; 35%) was associated with higher levels of sadness (p = .017, d = 0.34) and lower happiness (p = .015, d = 0.30). During recovery, patients with both ischemia and anginal symptoms had the highest sadness expression (F (3,254) = 3.67, p = .013, eta2 = 0.042) and the lowest happiness expression (F (3, 254) = 4.19, p = .006, eta2 = .048).

Conclusion
Sadness and reduced happiness were more common in patients with ischemia. Also, anginal symptoms were associated with more negative emotions.
Routine examination of gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy: a single-centre analysis of the incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of incidental gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Di Mauro Davide , Orabi Amira , Myintmo Aye , Reece-Smith Alex , Wajed Shahjehan , Manzelli Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder carcinoma is often found incidentally on histopathologic examination after cholecystectomy—this is referred as incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGC). Routine vs selective histopathological assessment of gallbladders is under debate and this study evaluates the role of regular specimens’ examination, based on a single-centre analysis of incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of IGC.MethodsPatients who underwent cholecystectomy, between July 2010 and January 2020, were considered. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 and preoperative diagnosis of GB carcinoma. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were retrospectively collected, continuous variables with a normal distribution were evaluated with Student’s t-test and ANOVA.ResultsSome 5779 patients were included. The female/male ratio was 2.5:1. Chronic cholecystitis (CC) was the most common finding on specimens (99.3%), IGC was found in six cases (0.1%). In the latter group, there were 5 women and patients were older than those with benign disease—73.7 $$\pm$$± 5.38 years vs 55.8 $$\pm$$± 0.79 years (p < 0.05). In all the cases, the GB was abnormal on intraoperative inspection and beside cancer, histopathology showed associated CC and/or dysplasia. Upon diagnosis, disease was at advanced stage—one stage II, one stage IIIA, one stage IIIB, three stage IVA. Two patients are alive, three died of disease progression—median survival was 7 months (range 2–14).ConclusionsIn this series, ICG was rare, occurred most commonly in old adult women and was diagnosed at an advanced stage. In all the cases, the GB was abnormal intraoperatively, therefore macroscopic GB anomalies demand histopathological assessment of the specimen.
Effects of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the optimality of forest management prescriptions
Authors: Ruotsalainen Roope , Pukkala Timo , Kangas Annika , Packalen Petteri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

• Key message

Errors in forest stand attributes can lead to sub-optimal management prescriptions concerning the set management objectives. When the objective is net present value, errors in mean diameter result in greater losses than similar errors in basal area, and underestimation greater losses than overestimation.

• Context

Errors in forest inventory data can cause inoptimality losses in the objectives set to forest management. Losses occur when the forest is treated with management prescriptions that are optimal for erroneous data but not for correct data.

• Aims

We evaluate the effect of varying levels of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the inoptimality losses.

• Methods

Errors from 20% of overestimation to 20% of underestimation were simulated in basal area and mean diameter. For each stand, the management prescription that maximized the net present value was selected with and without errors. The inoptimality losses were calculated for different error levels.

• Results

The tested error levels resulted in inoptimality losses of 0.11–3.01%. Errors in mean diameter increased inoptimality losses more than similar relative errors in basal area. Simultaneous underestimation of basal area and mean diameter led to greater inoptimality losses than simultaneous overestimation of these attributes.

• Conclusion

If the forest is considered as an investment, using inventory data where basal area and mean diameter are underestimated causes greater losses compared with data where these attributes are overestimated. Errors in mean diameter are more important than similar errors in the basal area. Large errors in basal area and mean diameter should be avoided especially in stands where the basal area is high.
Evolution of electromechanical properties in Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoceramics
Authors: Chen Chuan , Wang Yan , Li Zong-Yue , Liu Chun , Gong Wen , Tan Qing , Han Bing , Yao Fang-Zhou , Wang Ke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDefects in acceptor-doped perovskite piezoelectric materials have a significant impact on their electrical properties. Herein, the defect mediated evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PSZT-Fe) piezoceramics with different treatments, including quenching, aging, de-aging, and poling, was investigated systematically. Oxygen vacancies with a cubic symmetry are preserved in the quenched PSZT-Fe ceramics, rendering them robust ferroelectric behaviors. In the aged PSZT-Fe polycrystals, defect dipole between Fe dopant and oxygen vacancy has the same orientation with spontaneous polarization PS, which enables the reversible domain switching and hence leads to the emergence of pinched polarization hysteresis and recoverable strain effect. And the defect dipoles can be gradually disrupted by bipolar electric field cycling, once again endowing the aged materials with representative ferroelectric properties. For the poled PSZT-Fe polycrystals, the defect dipoles are reoriented to be parallel to the applied poling field, and an internal bias field aligning along the same direction emerges simultaneously, being responsible for asymmetric hysteresis loops.
Study of Live Lecture Attendance, Student Perceptions and Expectations
Authors: Emahiser Johnathan , Nguyen John , Vanier Cheryl , Sadik Amina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeclining lecture attendance has been an ongoing concern for educators involved in undergraduate medical education. A survey was developed (a) to gain insight into the reasons students skipped class, (b) to identify the type of study materials they were using, and (c) to determine what they thought would motivate them to come to class. The survey was sent to 317 first-year and second-year medical students, and 145 (45%) responded. Only 63% of first-year students and 53% of second-year students attended any lectures that were not mandatory. The attendance was higher for students who aspired to less competitive specialties such as pediatrics and family medicine. The most popular reasons for not coming to class were related to the efficiency of information intake and instructor or class style. The most heavily used resources (> 60%) were materials or recorded lectures provided by the instructor. The second-year students also heavily used outside study materials for Board exams, such as Pathoma (50%). Students’ ideas for what might increase their attendance suggest that they perceive that the lectures may not prepare them for Board exams, and they would like faculty to address Board related content more often in class and on assessments. Respondents also suggested that teaching practices might be improved through faculty development. Faculty awareness of and references to Board exam content, embedded in strong teaching practices, may help students find more value in live lectures. Carefully designed active learning sessions may change students’ minds regarding the relevance and value of these sessions.
The machine protection system for CSNS
Authors: Mingtao Kang , Yuliang Zhang , Dapeng Jin , Yongcheng He , Mingchuan Zhan , Peng Zhu , Xuan Wu , Fengqin Guo , Lin Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator consists of an 80 MeV H- LINAC, a 1.6 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The uncontrolled beam may permanently damage the components or lead to very high residual radiation dose along the beam line. So the equipment protection must be deliberately designed and implemented.

Purpose
The machine protection system (MPS) protects components from being damaged by the beam. The response time requirement for the CSNS MPS is less than 20 ms, so the PLC (programmable logic controller) was adopted to implement the interlock logic.

Methods
The MPS was implemented as a two-tier architecture system, and developed through utilizing PLC and Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software toolkits. The application logic was taken into careful consideration during the implementation stage. An embedded CPU module can function as an IOC accessing PLC I/O modules through the sequence CPU, with an embedded Linux operation system.

Results
The interlock logic and heartbeat functions were tested with all functions ok. Time consumption has been measured thoroughly since the important requirement, which is around 15 ms to stop the beam.

Conclusions
MPS was completed in Sep. 2017 and then put into operation. It has been operating smoothly for more than 3 years. MPS has played an important role in every stage of CSNS’s commissioning and operation and achieved high reliability during the user’s experiment operation. The accelerator recently runs stably with low equipment failure.
Applications of polyimide coatings: a review
Authors: Sezer Hicyilmaz Ayse , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyimides, high-performance polymers with superior properties such as high temperature stability, resistance to solvents and high strength, can be used in high-tech applications of the aerospace and aviation, medical or electronics industry in different forms (film, fiber, nanofiber, membrane, foam, adhesive or coating). Among these applications, coating has a special place and is used to develop advanced structures having high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and etc. for high tech industries via an economical and feasible way. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to report the broad application status of polyimide coatings by reviewing publications, patents and commercial products. Thus, this study can assist in selecting suitable polyimide types and production methods for polyimide coating applications and in understanding their applicability for future products.
Improving the surface quality and mechanical properties of selective laser sintered PA2200 components by the vibratory surface finishing process
Authors: Khan Hamaid M. , Sirin Tolga B. , Tarakci Gurkan , Bulduk Mustafa E. , Coskun Mert , Koc Ebubekir , Kaynak Yusuf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper attempts to improve the physical and mechanical properties of selective laser sintered polyamide PA2200 components through a vibratory surface finishing process by inducing severe plastic deformation at the outer surface layers. The industrial target of additive manufacturing components is to obtain structures having surface roughness, hardness, and other mechanical properties equivalent to or better than those produced conventionally. Compared to the as-built SLS PA2200 samples, vibratory surface finishing treated specimens exhibited a smooth surface microstructure and more favorable roughness, hardness, and tensile strength. Also, the duration of the vibratory surface finishing process showed a further improvement in the surface roughness and hardness of the SLS samples. Compared to the as-built state, the roughness and hardness of the surface-treated samples improved by almost 90% and 15%, respectively. Consequently, microstructural analysis indicates that lower surface roughness and enhanced surface hardness is a crucial factor in influencing the overall tensile strength of SLS-PA2200 components. We consider that the combination of VSF and SLS processes can successfully handle a wide range of potential applications. This study also highlights the efficiency and applicability of the vibratory surface finishing process to other additive manufacturing processes and materials.

Graphic abstract
Tribological performances of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets via surface modification with silane coupling agent
Authors: Wang Lixia , Bai Yufeng , Ma Zhiyan , Ge Chunhua , Guan Hongyu , Zhang XiangDong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a promising lubricant additive for decreasing wear and friction. However, the poor dispersion stability and bulky size of h-BN restricted its lubrication application. In this paper, bulk h-BN was exfoliated into h-BN nanosheets (h-BNNSs), and then the self-made h-BNNSs were chemically modified with silane coupling agent via a facile and scalable reaction method. The morphology and structure of surface-functionalized h-BNNSs (m-BNNSs) were certified using a series of characterizations. Results revealed that h-BNNSs could be chemically well capped by surface modifier and the lipophilic groups were covalently attached to h-BNNSs surfaces. The m-BNNSs composite possessed long-term dispersion in liquid paraffin (LP). At the optimal adding content of 0.6 wt%, coefficient of friction and wear volume of m-BNNSs composite were decreased by about 31.9% and 53.8% compared with those of LP, respectively. Therefore, m-BNNSs composite as a lubricating oil additive has high research value and good prospects of lubrication applications.
Relationship Between Semen IL-6, IL-33 and Malondialdehyde Generation in Human Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa
Authors: Moretti Elena , Cerretani Daniela , Noto Daria , Signorini Cinzia , Iacoponi Francesca , Collodel Giulia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCytokines are physiological seminal components and their abnormal levels, reported in different pathological conditions, negatively influence the sperm function. We analysed the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33 levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO), measured both in semen and sperm lysate, in 44 human semen samples. The semen analysis was performed following the WHO guidelines. Seminal IL-6 and IL-33 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and LPO was evaluated measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) both in seminal plasma and viable spermatozoa. Two small groups of patients with varicocele and infection were extrapolated from the cases analysed and the variables compared with those of a group of control. IL-33 levels were undetectable in all samples and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with both seminal and sperm MDA concentrations (p< 0.01) and negatively with sperm parameters (p< 0.01). Seminal and sperm MDA levels were both negatively correlated with sperm parameters (p< 0.01). IL-6 and semen MDA showed an exponential positive relationship, whereas MDA values measured in viable spermatozoa were low until IL-6 amount reached a concentration of >30 pg/mL, rising consistently. By comparing the variables in the groups, we confirmed that a high IL-6 concentration in the varicocele and infection groups was concomitant with an increase of seminal MDA levels, but also with MDA measured in viable spermatozoa, which represents the novelty of this study. We identified the IL-6 threshold, beyond which sperm MDA concentration rises concomitantly with the increase of IL-6 concentration. Other studies are needed, considering the increasing number of patients with different pathologies affecting male infertility.
SPA: A Quantitation Strategy for MS Data in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Cheng Xi , Qian Lili , Wang Bo , Tan Minjia , Li Jing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics technologies, patient-derived xenograft (PDX), which is generated from the primary tumor of a patient, is widely used for the proteome-wide analysis of cancer mechanism and biomarker identification of a drug. However, the proteomics data interpretation is still challenging due to complex data deconvolution from the PDX sample that is a cross-species mixture of human cancerous tissues and immunodeficient mouse tissues. In this study, by using the lab-assembled mixture of human and mouse cells with different mixing ratios as a benchmark, we developed and evaluated a new method, SPA (shared peptide allocation), for protein quantitation by considering the unique and shared peptides of both species. The results showed that SPA could provide more convenient and accurate protein quantitation in human–mouse mixed samples. Further validation on a pair of gastric PDX samples (one bearing FGFR2 amplification while the other one not) showed that our new method not only significantly improved the overall protein identification, but also detected the differential phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream mediators (such as RAS and ERK) exclusively. The tool pdxSPA is freely available at https://github.com/Li-Lab-Proteomics/pdxSPA.
Epithelial Cells in 2D and 3D Cultures Exhibit Large Differences in Higher-Order Genomic Interactions
Authors: Liu Xin , Sun Qiu , Wang Qi , Hu Chuansheng , Chen Xuecheng , Li Hua , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Shao Zhifeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have characterized the genomic structures of many eukaryotic cells, often focusing on their relation to gene expression. However, these studies have largely investigated cells grown in 2D cultures, although the transcriptomes of 3D-cultured cells are generally closer to their in vivo phenotypes. To examine the effects of spatial constraints on chromosome conformation, we investigated the genomic architecture of mouse hepatocytes grown in 2D and 3D cultures using in situ Hi-C. Our results reveal significant differences in higher-order genomic interactions, notably in compartment identity and strength as well as in topologically associating domain (TAD)–TAD interactions, but only minor differences are found at the TAD level. Our RNA-seq analysis reveals an up-regulated expression of genes involved in physiological hepatocyte functions in the 3D-cultured cells. These genes are associated with a subset of structural changes, suggesting that differences in genomic structure are critically important for transcriptional regulation. However, there are also many structural differences that are not directly associated with changes in gene expression, whose cause remains to be determined. Overall, our results indicate that growth in 3D significantly alters higher-order genomic interactions, which may be consequential for a subset of genes that are important for the physiological functioning of the cell.
Why effective testing is essential to keep pace with advancing threats
Authors: Williams Ed 
Published: February 2021

It is well understood that there is no single best way to keep an organisation secure against cyberthreats. Every enterprise has its own unique configuration of network infrastructure, hardware and software applications, as well as its own risk profile and security priorities. With so many variables, the combinations are close to infinite – and so is the potential for security vulnerabilities. Outdated or misconfigured systems and applications can create easy attack paths for any threat actors who discover them – and this is increasingly easy for them to do thanks to the use of automated tools. Every enterprise has its unique network infrastructure, hardware and software applications. With so many variables, the potential for security vulnerabilities is high. Security testing is the key to discovering and closing these vulnerabilities before they are exploited. However, businesses often fail to utilise testing effectively. Using automated tools to identify the bulk of vulnerabilities and deeper human-led testing to find more advanced threats, organisations can keep pace with the advancing capabilities of adversaries and close off vulnerabilities before they can be exploited, says Ed Williams, SpiderLabs at Trustwave.
Dietary and metabolic risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: insights from animal models
Authors: Liang Yinji , Zou Lili , Tian Yaling , Zhou Shuang , Chen Xinhe , Lin Chenli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeuropsychiatric disorders are major causes of the global burden of diseases, frequently co-occurring with multiple co-morbidities, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its various risk factors in the metabolic syndrome. While the determining factors of neuropsychiatric disorders are complex, recent studies have shown that there is a strong link between diet, metabolic state and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. There is no doubt that rodent models are of great value for preclinical research. Therefore, this article focuses on a rodent model of chronic consumption of high-fat diet (HFD), and/or the addition of a certain amount of cholesterol or sugar, meanwhile, summarising the pattern of diet that induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour and the underlying mechanism. We highlight how dietary and metabolic risk influence neuropsychiatric behaviour in animals. Changes in dietary patterns, especially HFD, can induce anxiety- or depression-like behaviours, which may vary by diet exposure period, sex, age, species and genetic background of the animals used. Furthermore, dietary patterns significantly aggravate anxiety/depression-like behaviour in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms by which diet induces anxiety/depressive-like behaviour may involve neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, neurotrophins and the gut–brain axis. Future research should be focused on elucidating the mechanism and identifying the contribution of diet and diet-induced metabolic risk to neuropsychiatric disorders, which can form the basis for future clinical dietary intervention strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Terrain-Dependent Slip Risk Prediction for Planetary Exploration Rovers
Authors: Endo Masafumi , Endo Shogo , Nagaoka Kenji , Yoshida Kazuya 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYWheel slip prediction on rough terrain is crucial for secure, long-term operations of planetary exploration rovers. Although rough, unstructured terrain hampers mobility, prediction by modeling wheel–terrain interactions remains difficult owing to unclear terrain conditions and complexities of terramechanics models. This study proposes a vision-based approach with machine learning for predicting wheel slip risk by estimating the slope from 3D information and classifying terrain types from image information. It considers the slope estimation accuracy for risk prediction under sharp increases in wheel slip due to inclined ground. Experimental results obtained with a rover testbed on several terrain types validate this method.