bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freehand Placement of a Transiliac‐Transsacral Screw for Fixation of Posterior Pelvic Ring Injuries
Authors: Liu Guangping , Chen Zhiguang , Cao Wenhao , Zheng Yubo , Li Jiaqi , He Jie , Li Changda , Chen Hua , Tang Peifu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere are many advantages to stabilize the posterior pelvic ring injuries with a transiliac‐transsacral (TITS) screw percutaneously. To identify the correct entry point and insert a guidewire accurately for a TITS screw, we propose a method of specifying the optimal entry point, and introduce a technique of enabling freehand placement of a guidewire with fluoroscopic guidance.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 116 patients who underwent pelvic CT scans and pelvic lateral radiographs at our institution from January 2020 to April 2022 were enrolled. The optimal entry point for a TITS screw was formulated in the strict mid‐sagittal CT plane, and then transferred to the pelvic lateral radiograph relying on the sacral cortexes which were easily visible even in the poor fluoroscopy. The relative position of this point to other anatomical markers was checked to confirm its feasibility as an entry point. With the method to locate the entry point, 18 patients suffered the posterior pelvic ring injuries were treated with TITS screws through hammering a reverse Kirschner wire (K‐wire) to insert a guidewire assisted by a canula, followed by the validation of the screw placement accuracy.ResultsThe transferred point in radiograph was consistently beneath the sacral alar slope, and located posteroinferior to the iliac cortical density (ICD) and anterosuperior to the sacral nerve root tunnel in all 116 patients. In clinical practice, 18 TITS screws were successfully placed in 18 patients without cortex violation. The average operative time for each screw was 20.11 ± 6.29 min, with an average of 14.11 ± 6.81 fluoroscopic shots per screw. At the 3‐month follow‐up, fracture healing was confirmed in all patients. The average Majeed score was 89.61 ± 6.90 at the final follow‐up.ConclusionsIt's feasible to identify an entry point for a TITS screw based on the sacral cortexes, and hammering a reverse K‐wire assisted by a percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) canula is a safe and practical technique for guidewire insertion.
Broken Communities: Structural Violence, Dispossession, and the Reign of Terror in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ejiofor Promise Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhy do some pastoralists join bandit groups in Nigeria? This conundrum is yet to be explored in the emerging scholarly literature on pastoral banditry in Nigeria's troubled northwest region. Whereas the upsurge in pastoralist‐related banditry has been predominantly explicated with the theoretical frameworks of ungoverned spaces and relative deprivation, the role of structural violence in some pastoralists' decision to become bandits has not received sufficient scholarly attention. Drawing on the analytical framework of structural violence first advanced by the Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, I contend that some pastoralists take to the composite crime of banditry as a consequence of the inegalitarian distribution of resources and power. Pastoralists resorting to banditry in the northwest region can therefore be considered as a rebellious response, albeit misguided, to the structural violence of everyday life―precisely, poverty and repression―in the Nigerian state that precludes them from meeting their basic human needs. To reverse the mayhem and to heal the broken communities in the banditry‐affected northern states in Nigeria, I argue that federal and state governments should not solely rely on a killing approach fixated on military warfare―or the surveillance of forests and remote areas―but must address the structural factors that nurture alienation amongst some pastoralists.
Rapid Weight Gain After Pediatric Kidney Transplant and Development of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Children Enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies Cohort
Authors: Twichell Sarah , Hunt Elizabeth A. K. , Ciurea Rodica , Somers Michael J. G. ,   The NAPRTCS investigators
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGiven the risks of cardiovascular disease among pediatric kidney transplant recipients, we evaluated whether there was an association between rapid weight gain (RWG) following kidney transplantation and the development of obesity and hypertension among children enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) registry.MethodsThis retrospective analysis of the NAPRTCS transplant cohort assessed for RWG in the first year post‐transplant and evaluated for obesity and hypertension in children with and without RWG up to 5 years post‐transplant. We evaluated three separate eras (1986–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2021). We performed chi‐square and logistic regression analyses to assess cardiometabolic risk at three time points (1, 3, and 5 years post‐transplant).ResultsThe percent of children with RWG decreased across the three eras (1986–1999 37.3%, 2000–2009 23.0%, and 2010–2021 16.4%). Obesity was significantly more common among children with a history of RWG following transplant, with 48%–67% with RWG having obesity 5 years following transplant compared with 22%–25% without RWG. Hypertension was significantly more common in the RWG group than the non‐RWG group at all but two time points. In logistic regression models, the odds of obesity in the RWG group compared with non‐RWG was 2.55 (2.29–2.83), and the odds of hypertension were 1.00 (0.94–1.08). Steroid minimization protocols were associated with significantly less RWG.ConclusionsRWG was significantly associated with obesity but not hypertension among pediatric kidney transplant recipients enrolled in NAPRTCS. Interventions targeting RWG following kidney transplant should be evaluated as a potential way to modify obesity rates following transplantation.
Two‐Dimensional Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography for Monitoring Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Abdulla Mohamed , Abdulla Maryam , Al‐Hashimi Hakima , Isa Hasan M. , Dunne Kevin , Blackwell James 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is a life‐saving procedure for children with end‐stage liver disease. However, post‐transplant monitoring, particularly the diagnosis and prognosis of complications such as allograft fibrosis, remains challenging. Traditionally, liver biopsy has been the gold standard for assessing allograft fibrosis, despite its invasive nature and inherent procedural risks. Recently, shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) has seen increasing use as a noninvasive method to provide real‐time, quantitative measurements of liver stiffness as a proxy for fibrosis. In this review, the latest developments in the use of SWE as a method to assess allograft fibrosis post‐PLT are presented, including the current technical challenges associated with its clinical implementation.
Environmental and Biological Factors of Relevance to Shellfish Production in Northern Ireland: Insights From 20 Years of Regional Monitoring Data
Authors: Senovilla‐Herrero Diana , Chen Yuwei , Liu Chaoran , Suresh Subbulakshmi , Moore Heather , McKinney April ,   Matt Service, Helyar Sarah , Mbadugha Lenka , Campbell Katrina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA historical analysis was conducted to evaluate monitoring data in the coastal and estuarine waters of Northern Ireland over the 20‐year period between 2001 and 2022 to identify current and emerging concerns and gaps in analysis relative to the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. The effects of biological factors such as the presence of harmful algal bloom phytoplankton and marine biotoxins, and environmental factors such as chemical contamination and the water quality on shellfish production were analysed. The influence of key meteorological factors, such as sea temperature, rainfall and sunshine hours, on the levels of environmental factors was also examined. The evaluation included a socio–economic perspective, exploring the impact of the shellfish industry on the Northern Irish economy and the surrounding communities. The article examined the challenges faced by shellfish producers in terms of regulatory compliance and market access, and provides suggestions for comprehensive environmental monitoring strategies, in particular improved sampling plans to be employed to address these challenges. Overall, the compilation analysis discovered that while the shellfish industry in Northern Ireland faces a number of challenges, it remains a valuable source of local employment and income, and has the potential for growth in the coming years. The findings presented will be of interest to researchers and policymakers in the aquaculture industry, and presents a valuable historical contribution on the evaluation of chemical and microbiological contaminants affecting shellfish production that may be useful for other production areas.
Monopoles and Landau–Ginzburg models III: A gluing theorem
Authors: Wang Donghao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis is the third paper of this series. In Wang [Monopoles and Landau‐Ginzburg models II: Floer homology. arXiv:2005.04333, 2020], we defined the monopole Floer homology for any pair , where is a compact oriented 3‐manifold with toroidal boundary and is a suitable closed 2‐form viewed as a decoration. In this paper, we establish a gluing theorem for this Floer homology when two such 3‐manifolds are glued suitably along their common boundary, assuming that is disconnected, and is small and yet non‐vanishing on . As applications, we construct a monopole Floer 2‐functor and the generalized cobordism maps. Using results of Kronheimer–Mrowka and Ni, it is shown that for any such 3‐manifold that is irreducible, this Floer homology detects the Thurston norm on and the fiberness of . Finally, we show that our construction recovers the monopole link Floer homology for any link inside a closed 3‐manifold.
Exploring cultural imaginaries of robots with children with brittle bone disease: a participatory design study
Authors: Stimson Christina E 
Published: December 2024

A symbiotic relationship exists between narrative imaginaries of and real-life advancements in technology. Such cultural imaginings have a powerful influence on our understanding of the potential that technology has to affect our lives; as a result, narrative-based approaches toparticipatory design(PD) of technology are an active area of investigation.In this ongoing study, the following research questions are addressed: how can PD be optimised for the fields of robotics and assistive technology, particularly with regard to fostering empowerment and eliciting how people imagine the role of technology in their own futures? How can the symbiotic relationship between (popular) cultural imaginaries and real-life technological advancements be acknowledged within the PD process?The study synthesises fictional inquiry and science fiction prototyping methodologies and processes over multiple workshops. Its aim is to explore and develop conceptions of robotics and assistive technology of children withosteogenesis imperfecta(OI, commonly known as brittle bone disease) and their families, as these populations are under-represented in collaborative research and stand to benefit from future robotics development. Narrative-based approaches are complemented by participants’ direct interaction with contemporary robots during each workshop and a ‘robot home visit’ to unite experiential understandings of robots and their current capabilities with possible futures, as well as foster mutual learning between stakeholders and designers. The study deploys a mixed methods research design with a critical posthumanist theoretical lens.This inclusive co-designed methodology should establish a rich, nuanced picture of how people currently imagine robots in their future and facilitate all involved to deepen these conceptions. It is anticipated that everyone taking part will empower themselves to imagine fully the range of possibilities in their own personal futures in our increasingly technologised world.
Impact of Antithrombotic Drug Continuation on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomised, Open-Label, Parallel Group Trial
Authors: TSUCHIHASHI Akinobu , NATSUME Tadahiro , YAMAMOTO Michiro 
Published: December 2024

Background: To investigate the impact of antithrombotic drug continuation or interruption on postoperative outcomes in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) who undergo endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). Methods: This prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel group trial was conducted between December 2016 and October 2022 of CTS patients on antithrombotic medications who underwent ECTR. The 65 participants were randomly assigned to either maintain antithrombotic therapy (continuation group, 34 patients) or suspend it (interruption group, 31 patients). The primary outcome was a version of the CTS Instrument developed by the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand (CTSI-JSSH). Secondary outcomes were the Semmes–Weinstein Monofilament Test (SW), swelling (determined by measuring the circumferences of the middle finger, wrist and hand), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, VAS for swelling evaluated independently by patients and doctors and complications. CTSI-JSSH was administered before surgery and 3 months after. SW was conducted before surgery and at 1 and 3 months after. Swelling was objectively measured before surgery and at 2 weeks and 1 month after. Both pain and swelling VAS scores were recorded at 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively. Complications were evaluated up to 3 months postoperatively. Results: Results on the symptom severity scale (SSS) of the CTSI-JSSH were significantly better in the interruption group at 3 months after surgery. VAS swelling assessed by both patients and doctors was significantly lower in the interruption group. There were no complications in either group. Conclusions: The interruption group had better outcomes on the SSS and postoperative subjective swelling, with no cardiovascular events. For patients taking antithrombosis medication, short-term ECTR outcomes improve when its use is temporarily suspended. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Orienting and Alerting Attention in Very Low and Normal Birth Weight Children at 42 Months: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Nakagawa Atsuko , Sukigara Masune , Nomura Kayo , Nagai Yukiyo , Miyachi Taishi 
Published: December 2024

Objective: In preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, attention-related problems have been found to be more pronounced and emerge later as academic difficulties that may persist into school age. In response, based on three attention networks: alerting, orienting, and executive attention, we examined the development of attention functions at 42 months (not corrected for prematurity) as a follow-up study of VLBW ( n = 23) and normal birth weight (NBW: n = 48) infants. Method: The alerting and orienting attention networks were examined through an overlap task with or without warning signal. The orienting network was also examined through the distribution of gaze points when exposed to videos of human faces talking and silently looking straight ahead. Executive attention was examined using a parental report measure for temperamental self-regulation, effortful control. Results: In the overlap task, the difference between VLBWs and NBWs was not the latency of attentional disengagement but the fact that VLBWs were less focused on the fixation stimulus ( F(1,60) = 10.80, p < .01, η p2 = .071) and seemed to profit more from auditory warning signals than NBWs ( F(1,60) = 7.13, p = .01, η p2 = .106). Moreover, there was no intergroup difference regarding lateral (right or left) or feature (eye or mouth) attention bias toward the face videos. Further, longer latencies in overlap condition were significantly positively associated with high effortful control scores only in the NBW group ( r = .36, p = .018). Conclusion: Results indicate that poor underlying alertness and orienting relating to atypical lateralization may affect cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in VLBWs.
Using ultrasound in preoperative mapping and surveillance of arteriovenous grafts for haemodialysis improves patency rates: Single-centre experience
Authors: Jarosciakova Julia , Utikal Petr , Malik Jan , Janeckova Jana 
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate patency outcomes of arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) before and after using Duplex doppler ultrasonography (DUS) in preoperative mapping and surveillance of AVG. Methods: In this single-centre, retrospective cohort study 212 patients receiving AVGs from January 2009 to December 2022 were included. In group 1, the creation of AVG as well as screening was based on physical examination alone. In contrast, DUS was used in the preoperative mapping and surveillance of AVG in group 2. The patients also received sulodexide as supplemental medication. Outcomes included primary and secondary patency. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the differences between groups in number of thrombectomies and preemptive percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs). Results: Group 1 included 90 AVGs. The mean follow-up time was 333 days (range: 1–1230 days, standard deviation: 318 days). The primary and secondary graft patency rates were 13.3%, 62.2% at 6 months; 2.2%, 52.1% at 12 months; 0%, 44.3% at 24 months and 0%, 44.3% at 36 months respectively. During the 7-year surveillance of AVG, significantly more thrombectomies were performed than preemptive PTA ( p < 0.0001). Group 2 included 122 AVGs. The mean follow-up time was 584 days (range: 1–2040 days, standard deviation: 463 days). The primary and secondary graft patency rates were 54.9%, 95.9% at 6 months; 29.5%, 77.8% at 12 months; and 9.8%, 56.5% at 24 months; 2.5%, 47.1% at 36 months respectively. The primary and secondary graft patency was significantly longer ( p < 0.0001, p = 0.002). During the 7-year surveillance of AVG there were significantly more preemptive PTAs performed ( p = 0.0004). Conclusions: The primary and secondary patency of AVG were significantly improved after using DUS in preoperative mapping and surveillance. DUS surveillance led to a decrease in AVG occlusion. A potential positive effect of sulodexide on patency rate of AVG needs more research.
Exposure to physical, sexual and emotional violence and health-related factors among the adult population in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Petersen Tóra , Joensen Heri , Rógvi Heri Á , Mohr Magni , Veyhe Anna SofÍa 
Published: December 2024

Aims: The Faroe Islands is a small homogenous archipelago located in the North Atlantic Ocean with no prior study of violence among adults. In an adult population-based sample, we studied physical, sexual and emotional violence and health and socio-economic determinants. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 was based on a newly initiated questionnaire that included 1068 randomly selected individuals aged 18–75. Results: A total of 34.8% reported exposure to physical violence, 21.8% to sexual violence and 22.3% to emotional violence. A total of 12.6% of the women and 7.6% of the men reported exposure to all three types of violence. The consequences of childhood violence had a more significant effect on the subjects compared to adult-life violence. Additionally, individuals exposed to violence had significantly lower odds of achieving any educational attainment. Conclusions: Compared to men and after adjustments, women had 50% lower odds of exposure to physical (odds ratio=0.5, p<0.001) and more than three times the odds of exposure to sexual violence (odds ratio=3.1, p<0.001). The odds of emotional violence were sex independent, both unadjusted and adjusted. Moreover, exposure to violence showed a life-long negative impact.
A Morphologic Analysis of Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Avulsion Fracture Fragments and Risk Factors for Surgical Treatment
Authors: Legerstee Ingmar W. F. , Kooi Kevin , Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Lipson Sarah M. , Aldasooky Rawan , Kanaan Razan , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Chen Neal C. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: December 2024

Background: There is debate regarding nonoperative versus surgical treatment of thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears with avulsion fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fragment size in relation to the UCL footprint size in patients with an avulsion fracture injury and to find risk factors associated with surgical treatment. Methods: In a cohort of avulsion fracture injury patients, the largest side of the fragment was divided by the average reported UCL footprint size (ff-ratio), and a logistic regression was performed to find variables associated with surgery. Results: The mean ff-ratio was 1.1 in 114 patients with an avulsion fracture injury. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint instability, rather than the largest fragment side, was a significant risk factor for surgery. Conclusions: An avulsion fracture fragment associated with thumb UCL injury approximates the dimensions of the UCL footprint. In addition, MCP joint instability was associated with surgery in patients with avulsion fracture injuries.
Challenges and strategies of developing internet hospital: Combining qualitative interview and documentary research
Authors: Lai Yunfeng , Ho Qiong , Wang Yao , Liang Xiaonan , Xue Yan , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Li Meng , Yao Dongning , Liu Buping , Bian Ying , Xie Zhirong , Hu Hao 
Published: December 2024

Objectives As an innovative technology, internet hospitals have the potential to improve healthcare services. However, the pioneering nature of internet hospitals means that they are still in the early stages of development. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and strategies involved in establishing internet hospitals by public medical institutions in China. Methods In this study, a qualitative research combined qualitative interview and documentary research was conducted at an internet hospital affiliated with a public tertiary hospital in China. With the documentary collection, interviews were completed with the hospital's decision makers, operators, information technology personnel, clinicians, and pharmacists, as well as the internet hospital's operators, technicians, and external technical partners. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret all the materials collected. Results Totally 20 participants took part in the interviews. The main challenges in developing internet hospitals include low physician motivation to participate in internet hospital services, low acceptability of internet hospital services among patients, lack of service specifications, and insufficient versatile talents. In the development planning, four phases were established: first, the development of primary services; second, the integration of online and offline services; third, the provision of online prescriptions; and fourth, a focus on differentiation. The service model innovation highlighted four key dimensions, including: (1) the importance of patient and department classification in defining the value proposition; (2) the pivotal role of a high-level coordination department with resource coordination capability in key processes; (3) the significance of independent platform construction and talent cultivation as guarantees of key resources; and (4) the revolutionary profit formula of personalized digital health and patient-centric services. Conclusions In internet hospitals, primary challenges are evident in physicians’ cognition, patient education, and management skills. Internet hospitals, designed to offer personalized digital health and patient-centric services, necessitate more substantial innovations in service models and clinical care.