bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) in an urban habitat with small fragmented green spaces
Authors: Seki Yoshikazu , Sato Taisei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The distribution of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) has expanded mainly toward the southeast with continuous forest in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Recently, however, squirrels have been sighted in residential areas with only a few green spaces. We examined the habitat selection of squirrels in a city with small fragmented green spaces by censusing the animals along a 6.7 km route. Twenty-three presence data were obtained in 10 grids, which were much larger than the mean home ranges of the species, suggesting that a squirrel population had already been established in this area. Although woods of <5 ha were reported to be unsuitable squirrel habitats, the study area only had two green spaces with >5 ha, and 90% of presence data were obtained in green spaces with <5 ha. This indicates that squirrels can establish a population even in areas with small fragmented green spaces. The squirrels selected areas close to evergreen and deciduous woods, but they avoided those closer to residential areas. Since small fragmented woods, such as evergreen trees, are widely distributed in the central parts of Kanagawa Prefecture, the squirrels may use them as stepping stones to expand their range.
Dynamics of hot carriers in plasmonic heterostructures
Authors: Bykov Anton Yu. , Roth Diane J. , Sartorello Giovanni , Salmón-Gamboa Jorge U. , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding and optimising the mechanisms of generation and extraction of hot carriers in plasmonic heterostructures is important for applications in new types of photodetectors, photochemistry and photocatalysis, as well as nonlinear optics. Here, we show using transient dynamic measurements that the relaxation of the excited hot-carriers in Au/Pt hetero-nanostructures is accelerated through the transfer pathway from Au, where they are generated, to Pt nanoparticles, which act as a hot-electron sink. The influence of the environment on the dynamics was also demonstrated. The time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm the modified hot-electron dynamics, revealing quenching of the photoluminescence signal from Au nanoparticles in the presence of Pt and an increased photoluminescence lifetime. These observations are signatures of the improved extraction efficiency of hot-carriers by the Au/Pt heterostructures. The results give insight into the time-dependent behaviour of excited compound nanoscale systems and provide a way of controlling the relaxation mechanisms involved, with important consequences for engineering nonlinear optical response and hot-carrier-assisted photochemistry.
Mie-driven directional nanocoupler for Bloch surface wave photonic platform
Authors: Gulkin Dmitry N. , Popkova Anna A. , Afinogenov Boris I. , Shilkin Daniil A. , Kuršelis Kęstutis , Chichkov Boris N. , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Fedyanin Andrey A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Modern integrated photonic platforms should combine low-loss guiding, spectral flexibility, high light confinement, and close packing of optical components. One of the prominent platforms represents a one-dimensional photonic crystal combined with dielectric nanostructures that manipulate low-loss Bloch surface waves (BSWs). Proper design of nanostructures gives rise to a variety of optical resonances suitable for efficient capturing and controlling light. In this work, we achieve color-selective directional excitation of BSWs mediated by Mie resonances in a semiconductor nanoparticle. We show that a single silicon nanoparticle can be used as a subwavelength multiplexer switching the BSW excitation direction from forward to backward within the 30 nm spectral range with its central wavelength governed by the nanoparticle size. Our work opens a route for the on-demand fabrication of photonic nanocouplers with tailored optical properties and submicron footprint.
The crystal structure of 6,6′-(((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ol ato-κ4
N,N′,O,O′)-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-N,O,O′)-titanium(IV)-dichloromethane(1/1), C27H25N3O10Ti
Authors: Li Shanjia , Wang Peng , Ji Mingyu , Yang Mingjun , Pu Xiuying , Zhao Tiankun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C27H25N3O10Ti, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.3366(11) Å, b = 11.0253(11) Å, c = 23.7160(2) Å, β = 100.839(2)°, V = 2911.4(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0615, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1411, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[triaqua-(μ
2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ
2
N:N′)-(4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoato-κ
1
O)nickel(II)]N,N′-dimethylformamide (1/1), C28H35N8O8Ni
Authors: Xi Fei , Gao Yan-Hong , Tang Bo , Ge Hong-Guang , Wang Qin , Lu Jiu-Fu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C28H35N8O8Ni, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.7476(15) Å, b = 19.6335(19) Å, c = 10.8116(11) Å, β = 104.334(2)°, V = 3033.0(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0548, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0961, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium dibromido-tris(4-chlorophenyl-κC)stannate(IV), C25H23Br2Cl3N2Sn
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C25H23Br2Cl3N2Sn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9372(1) Å, b = 23.1045(1) Å, c = 11.1856(1) Å, β = 106.942(1)°, V = 2703.91(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0167, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0393, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (4-methylbenzyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium chloride dihydrate, C26H28ClO2P
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C26H28ClO2P, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.6061(2) Å, b = 19.7791(4) Å, c = 11.1982(3) Å, β = 116.278(3)°, V = 2304.98(10) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0373, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1034, T = 100 K.
Analytical and numerical treatment to the (2+1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Mehanna Mona S. , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the (2 + 1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa (DJKM) equation. We employ the extended tanh function method and the simple equation method to achieve analytical soliton solutions. Moreover, numerical treatment for this equation is introduced by the finite difference method. We justify the accuracy of the obtained results by exhibiting illustrative tables and proper graphs.
Core-modified porphyrins: novel building blocks in chemistry
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksey E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious (metallo)porphyrins and related compounds have been intensively investigated by different research groups due to their extremely important role in living organisms along with their versatile applications in technology. The design of novel porphyrinoids by core-modification, or substitution of pyrrole nitrogens, with the elements of other groups of the Periodic Table has been considered as a highly promising methodology for tuning structures and properties of porphyrinoids and thus opening new possible applications for them. Much effort has been given to the modifications of the porphyrin core with elements of the main groups, namely O, S, Se (chalcogens), and the heavier congener of nitrogen, phosphorus. In general, the porphyrin core modification by replacing nitrogens with heteroatoms is a promising and effective strategy for obtaining new compounds with unusual structures and properties (optical, electrochemical, coordinating, etc.) as well as reactivity. These novel molecules can also be employed as promising building or construction blocks in various applications in the nanotechnology area.
Comparative impact of gamma radiation on reinforced nitrile rubber with graphite and agro waste activated carbons
Authors: Fathy E.S. , Elnaggar Mona Y. , Amdeha Enas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, graphite fine powder and two types of activated carbon (AC) namely based-on waste corn and sugarcane bagasse were implemented as reinforcers for the nitrile rubber (NBR). Both types of AC were prepared through a low-temperature chemical carbonization treatment. Each type of these fillers, at 5, 10, and 15 wt%, was mixed with NBR on a rubber mill and pressed under heat to develop sheets to be gamma irradiated at 100 kGy. Filler characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that graphite has a crystalline structure but corn and bagasse ACs have amorphous nature. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was used to determine the particle size of the studied fillers. In addition, mechanical properties, XRD, thermal stability, and SEM of the prepared unirradiated or irradiated NBR‒composites were investigated. The physicomechanical features of the NBR matrix could be enhanced by the presence of reinforcing fillers, even at relatively low filler loading. The composites filled with graphite showed superior mechanical parameters and also have the highest thermal stability as indicated by their high-temperature mass loss (Tm). Generally, irradiated samples expressed grander properties than unirradiated ones as a result of the radiation-induced crosslinking structures.
On the blankness of blank-signs
Authors: Wang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As one indispensable part of signs, blank-sign, also called zero sign or the void of sign, has not been given enough or due attention in semiotics. What is worse is that researchers have not reached agreement on some basic issues in blank-signs, such as the nature of the absence of the signifier, the criteria for identifying blank-signs, the scope of the blank-sign research, etc. These questions are of vital importance for more comprehensive exploration of the blank-sign issue. After analyzing three types of blank-signs, the paper concludes that: (1) In blank-signs, both signifier and signified must be present. The so-called “absent signifier” actually means the absence of the representation of the signifier, and the “absent signified” suggests some unspecified meanings; (2) Being a blank-sign is a matter of degree, with the typical blank-signs having a closed borderline, and the atypical ones a partial borderline; (3) Neighboring substantial context and general context (intentions of the sign-maker) are crucial for determining the status of a blank-sign.
Swearing in informal spoken English: 1990s–2010s
Authors: Love Robbie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates changes in swearing usage in informal speech using large-scale corpus data, comparing the occurrence and social distribution of swear words in two corpora of informal spoken British English: the demographically-sampled part of the Spoken British National Corpus 1994 (BNC1994) and the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014); the compilation of the latter has facilitated large-scale, diachronic analyses of authentic spoken data on a scale which has, until now, not been possible. A form and frequency analysis of a set of 16 ‘pure’ swear word lemma forms is presented. The findings reveal that swearing occurrence is significantly lower in the Spoken BNC2014 but still within a comparable range to previous studies. Furthermore, FUCK is found to overtake BLOODY as the most popular swear word lemma. Finally, the social distribution of swearing across gender and age groups generally supports the findings of previous research: males still swear more than females, and swearing still peaks in the twenties and declines thereafter. However, the distribution of swearing according to socio-economic status is found to be more complex than expected in the 2010s and requires further investigation. This paper also reflects on some of the methodological challenges associated with making comparisons between the two corpora.
Synthesis of oligotetramethylene oxides with terminal amino groups as curing agents for an epoxyurethane oligomer
Authors: Slobodinyuk Alexey , Strelnikov Vladimir , Kiselkov Dmitriy , Slobodinyuk Daria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A method for the synthesis of oligotetramethylene oxides with terminal amino groups is presented. Its use as a hardener for urethane-containing oligomers has been demonstrated. The diamines were synthesized by a two-stage method based on oligotetramethylene oxide diol. The compounds can be used for the production of non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable segmented urethane-containing elastomers. The oligotetramethylene oxide diol with an average molecular mass of 1008 was chosen as a typical precursor component. Its dibromide was formed using a quasi-phosphonium reagent in various solvents. The corresponding amine was obtained by high-pressure amination. The compounds have been identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of two essential oils from Algerian propolis
Authors: Boulechfar Safia , Zellagui Amar , Asan-Ozusaglam Meltem , Bensouici Chawki , Erenler Ramazan , Yildiz İlyas , Tacer Songul , Boural Hasna , Demirtas Ibrahim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of two essential oils (EOs) from Algerian propolis. The volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty components were identified from the oils. The major components were found to be: cedrol (17.0%), β-eudesmol (7.7%), and α-eudesmol (6.7%) in EO of propolis from Oum El Bouaghi (EOPO) whilst α-pinene (56.1%), cis-verbenol (6.0%), and cyclohexene,3-acetoxy-4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1-methyl (4.4%) in EO of propolis from Batna (EOPB). The antioxidant properties of EOPO and EOPB were determined using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC assays), respectively. Both EOs had more cupric ion reducing ability than scavenging ABTS•+ radicals. The antimicrobial potential of the two EOs against eight pathogens was assayed by the agar diffusion method and the mode of action was determined by microdilution assay. The results revealed that EOPB was bactericidal for all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungicidal for Candida albicans ATCC 10231, whereas, EOPO showed bacteriostatic effect against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and fungistatic effect against C. albicans ATCC 10231. Thus, the obtained results suggest the important use of propolis EOs as preservative agents.
Implementing Effective Coaching Behaviors and Pedagogical Practices Into Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Jones Danielle , Newland Aubrey 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
To help athletes be successful, strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches must be knowledgeable in and able to apply exercise science and interpersonal strategies for teaching athletes. Research suggests S&C coaches' education usually does not include information about pedagogical practices. The purpose of this article is to suggest pedagogical methods that will encourage the growth of lifelong learning skills and provide optimal opportunities for performance development. We propose implementing effective coaching behaviors and pedagogical practices into S&C that incorporate foundational coaching psychology principles (strengthening the coach-athlete relationship, empowering the athlete, and developing problem-solving skills) and sound pedagogical methods (questioning and video feedback).
The Impact of the RAP Cluster Dissociation on Gradation and Shape Properties of Aggregates from Recycled Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Ferreira W. L. G. , Castelo Branco V. T. F. , Vasconcelos K. , Bhasin A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The presence of clusters in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a critical point that affects the RAP homogeneity. In this phenomenon, different RAP particles are working together as a single aggregate. The cluster dissociation occurs during hot asphalt mixture production and compaction in the field. This research is concerned with the impact of the cluster disintegration on the recycled asphalt mixture aggregate properties. Stages of binder extraction were performed in six RAP materials to partially activate the RAP binder and create different levels of cluster dissociation from 0 to 100 %. Then, the gradation curve and the aggregate shape properties were obtained for each level. Using a gradation curve (without RAP) as a reference, a hypothetical recycled asphalt mixture was created with different RAP percentages to investigate the impact of cluster dissociation on the aggregate properties of the recycled mixture. The results indicate that the RAP aggregate properties are significantly affected by the cluster dissociation. Besides, there was a significant impact on the partial cluster dissociation, because of RAP-binder activation, on the gradation curve and aggregate shape of the recycled mixture, mainly when the level of RAP-binder activated is between 40 and 70 %.
Valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos de recreación y turismo: un mecanismo para el desarrollo sustentable de la Reserva Forestal Grecia, Costa Rica
Authors: Hartley Ballestero Marjorie , Hartley Ballestero Rocío 
Published: August 2021

El estudio se aborda en el marco del proyecto “Servicios de los Ecosistemas en las Cuencas Hidrográficas de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica”, que busca entre otras cosas, contribuir con la conservación y preservación del Bosque del Niño. Este sitio constituye un remanente de los espacios naturales de la Gran Área Metropolitana, además cuenta con alto potencial para el desarrollo de la actividad turística, fuertemente vinculada con las características naturales de la región. Para la estimación de valor se utiliza el Método de Valoración Contingente tipo referéndum, donde el individuo expresa su disposición a pagar por medio de una pregunta binaria (Si o No). En el modelo referéndum la variable dependiente es discreta por tanto, el análisis de regresión se hace mediante un modelo logit.
Las personas consultadas declaran otorgarle valor de existencia presente y futura a aspectos como la biodiversidad, aire puro, la belleza escénica. Al mismo tiempo expresan el valor por las caminatas, la observación de animales. Sabiendo que estos servicios ecosistémicos le generan bienestar, los individuos están dispuestos a pagar por la conservación y preservación del sitio de recreación. En este sentido, las autoridades locales y regionales deben incorporar en sus planes de desarrollo el interés de las comunidades por preservar este tipo de lugares para su disfrute actual y futuro. Además, importa mejorar la calidad de estos servicios, fuertemente vinculados con una de las actividades económicas más importantes de la región, como es el turismo.
Financiación en materia de educación como derecho humano
Authors: Trejo Cruz Yesenia del Carmen 
Published: August 2021

Human rights in Mexico, in light of its incursion in the constitutional system in 2011, unfold their application in all normative areas, as a condition that improves the living conditions of Mexicans; including the educational sector, which at the same time is configured as an instrument that guarantees its fulfillment. These prerogatives establish a paradigm, as a new legal order, that imposes on the authorities the duty to abide by them in their respective functions. In this context, education as a guarantee is analyzed based on the sources of financing granted by public entities, which periodically face in their governmental competences, the determination of the budget that solves and guarantees its application in the national territory. At the same time, it underlies the limits that are imposed on budget allocations, based on the justification of the collective interest, ratified by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. In this order of ideas, we indicate as an objective of the investigation, to specify the budgetary solvency granted to education as a Human Right.
Indeterminación territorial y derecho a la ciudad para habitantes indígenas de la comuna de San José de cocotog
Authors: Aguilar Poveda Aníbal Josueth 
Published: August 2021

The present research focuses on the right to the city as a basic human right that should be accessed by all the inhabitants of the indigenous community of San José de Cocotog, located in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador. The commune is divided, territorially and symbolically, by the regional administrations Calderón and Eugenio Espejo, as well as the parish councils of Zámbiza and Llano Chico. On this basis, the influence generated by territorial indeterminacy in access to the right to the city is interpreted.
The study uses qualitative methodology, as that perspective that facilitates dialogue with the participants and, allow their expression to problematize and broaden the debate on the situation of their commune regarding this right and the current State of Rights. In this framework, interviews are conducted with community and parish leaders, in addition, a discussion group is held with inhabitants of each of the five neighborhoods of the commune.
The results ascribe fundamental importance to the territory, as it is in this place where the subjects relate and develop, both personally and collectively, however, they are traversed by violations and inequalities due to the effect of territorial division. The absence of recognition of territorial limits has generated social segregation, limitations and lack of public spaces, delegitimization of the communal organization, as well as a wide sensation of institutional helplessness with regard to access to public works that favor a dignified life of its inhabitants.
Merge-and-Shrink: A Compositional Theory of Transformations of Factored Transition Systems
Authors: Sievers Silvan , Helmert Malte 
Published: August 2021

The merge-and-shrink framework has been introduced as a general approach for defining abstractions of large state spaces arising in domain-independent planning and related areas. The distinguishing characteristic of the merge-and-shrink approach is that it operates directly on the factored representation of state spaces, repeatedly modifying this representation through transformations such as shrinking (abstracting a factor of the representation), merging (combining two factors), label reduction (abstracting the way in which different factors interact), and pruning (removing states or transitions of a factor).
We provide a novel view of the merge-and-shrink framework as a “toolbox” or “algebra” of transformations on factored transition systems, with the construction of abstractions as only one possible application. For each transformation, we study desirable properties such as conservativeness (overapproximating the original transition system), inducedness (absence of spurious states and transitions), and refinability (reconstruction of paths in the original transition system from the transformed one). We provide the first complete characterizations of the conditions under which these desirable properties can be achieved. We also provide the first full formal account of factored mappings, the mechanism used within the merge-and-shrink framework to establish the relationship between states in the original and transformed factored transition system.
Unlike earlier attempts to develop a theory for merge-and-shrink, our approach is fully compositional: the properties of a sequence of transformations can be entirely understood by the properties of the individual transformations involved. This aspect is key to the use of merge-and-shrink as a general toolbox for transforming factored transition systems. New transformations can easily be added to our theory, with compositionality taking care of the seamless integration with the existing components. Similarly, new properties of transformations can be integrated into the theory by showing their compositionality and studying under which conditions they are satisfied by the building blocks of merge-and-shrink.