bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a new method for sound generation – Advanced Digital Sound Reconstruction
Authors: Mayrhofer Dominik , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current loudspeaker market has a high demand for portable audio devices. Hence, the miniaturization of loudspeakers (microspeakers) is of great importance for manufacturers. Traditional loudspeakers – for example the electrodynamic loudspeaker – are the forerunners, but so-called MEMS loudspeakers (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) have emerged recently. MEMS devices have already been used for sensors (i.e., microphones) to a great extend due to their advantages regarding form factor and production efficiency. Albeit additional challenges for actuators like moving enough air with a microstructure – as it is the case for a loudspeaker – the usage of MEMS technology for loudspeakers is very attractive.Since especially low-frequency audio signals often pose problems for microspeakers, this article focuses on a new sound generation technique called Advanced Digital Sound Reconstruction (ADSR) which is especially well-suited for low-frequency audio signals since ADSR can generate more volume displacement relative to its size. Based on a general description of the principle, an outlook of the possibilities regarding achievable sound pressure compared to the classical excitation scheme is derived. Furthermore, measurements are presented, which aim to prove the concept of ADSR based on already existing actuators.
Modifikation eines Modells von Verbindungsmitteln zur Prognose des Schalldämmmaßes von Leichtbaukonstruktionen mittels Finite Elemente-Methode im erweiterten Frequenzbereich
Authors: Neusser Maximilian , Bednar Thomas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit hat die primäre Zielsetzung, ein leistungsfähiges Berechnungsmodell für die Prognose des Schwingungsverhaltens und damit des Schalldämmmaßes von „leichten“ Baukonstruktionen zu entwickeln. Eine Anwendung der derzeit normativ abgedeckten Verfahren für diese Baukonstruktionen ist ausdrücklich in den betreffenden Regelwerken ausgeschlossen. Die derzeit auf wissenschaftlicher Basis stehenden Berechnungsverfahren bieten im betrachteten Frequenzbereich zwischen 50 Hz und 5000 Hz keine ausreichende Zuverlässigkeit der Prognosequalität in den schalltechnischen Kenngrößen zur Beschreibung des bauakustischen Verhaltens solcher Konstruktionen. Neben den zu erwarteten diffusen Berechnungsergebnissen im unteren Frequenzspektrum ist eine Abbildung der Verbindungsausbildung zwischen Plattenwerkstoff und Tragkonstruktion, die in dem betreffenden Frequenzbereich einen wesentlichen Einfluss aufweisen, nicht möglich. Ebenso ist es daher auch nicht möglich, mittels bestehender Verfahren die Auswirkungen von schwankender Verarbeitungsqualität, wie z. B. den Schraubenanzugsmoment, in die Prognose der Kenngrößen einfließen zu lassen. Das entwickelte Simulationsmodell in der Finite Elemente-Umgebung „COMSOL 5.6“ bietet die Möglichkeit der Berücksichtigung der Parameter Schraubendimensionen, Schraubenabstand, Anzugsmoment und Position der Schrauben auf der Tragkonstruktion. Durch die numerischen Ergebnisse des Prognosemodells können somit die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Wandkomponenten und deren Verbindungselementen untersucht und optimiert werden.
Systematische Untersuchungen zur Funktionsweise des Kantenabsorbers als „Modenbremse“
Authors: Kurz Eric , Graber Gerhard , Weselak Werner 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas heutige Wissen über den akustischen Einfluss von Kantenabsorbern auf ein Schallfeld basiert hauptsächlich auf empirischen Erfahrungen. Da es kein rechnerisches Modell für Kantenabsorber gibt, wird diese Art von Absorbern leider nur zögerlich in der raumakustischen Planung eingesetzt.Dieser Beitrag untersucht das Absorptionsverhalten von Kantenabsorbern systematisch und schlägt einen Ansatz für ein rechnerisches Modell für Kantenabsorber in einfachen Raumgeometrien vor. Für die systematischen Untersuchungen wurde ein modularer Kantenabsorber entwickelt und konstruiert. Im Entwicklungsprozess wurden optimale Parameter für den Strömungswiderstand, das Perforationsverhältnis des Absorbergehäuses und die Schichtdicke des eingebauten porösen Materials gefunden. Durch das Baukastenprinzip des entwickelten Kantenabsorbers ist ein flexibler Aufbau möglich.Es wurden verschiedene Konfigurationen des modularen Kantenabsorbers im Hallraum gemessen. Das akustische Verhalten des Kantenabsorbers wurde in mehreren Hörsälen ermittelt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die äquivalente Absorptionsfläche pro Längeneinheit sowie die untere Grenzfrequenz des Kantenabsorbers abhängig von der Einbautiefe und der jeweiligen Montagekante des Kantenabsorbers sind. Außerdem ist die Bandbreite für die effektive Absorption von den Abmessungen des Kantenabsorbers abhängig.Der modulare Kantenabsorber wurde bei einer raumakustischen Sanierung eingesetzt und Vorher-Nachher-Messungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Effektivität des Kantenabsorbers zu bestätigen.
Sound source localization – state of the art and new inverse scheme
Authors: Gombots Stefan , Nowak Jonathan , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcoustic source localization techniques in combination with microphone array measurements have become an important tool for noise reduction tasks. A common technique for this purpose is acoustic beamforming, which can be used to determine the source locations and source distribution. Advantages are that common algorithms such as conventional beamforming, functional beamforming or deconvolution techniques (e.g., Clean-SC) are robust and fast. In most cases, however, a simple source model is applied and the Green’s function for free radiation is used as transfer function between source and microphone. Additionally, without any further signal processing, only stationary sound sources are covered. To overcome the limitation of stationary sound sources, two approaches of beamforming for rotating sound sources are presented, e.g., in an axial fan.Regarding the restrictions concerning source model and boundary conditions, an inverse method is proposed in which the wave equation in the frequency domain (Helmholtz equation) is solved with the corresponding boundary conditions using the finite element method. The inverse scheme is based on minimizing a Tikhonov functional matching measured microphone signals with simulated ones. This method identifies the amplitude and phase information of the acoustic sources so that the prevailing sound field can be with a high degree of accuracy.
Distributed model validation with Epsilon
Authors: Madani Sina , Kolovos Dimitris , Paige Richard F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScalable performance is a major challenge with current model management tools. As the size and complexity of models and model management programs increases and the cost of computing falls, one solution for improving performance of model management programs is to perform computations on multiple computers. In this paper, we demonstrate a low-overhead data-parallel approach for distributed model validation in the context of an OCL-like language. Our approach minimises communication costs by exploiting the deterministic structure of programs and can take advantage of multiple cores on each (heterogeneous) machine with highly configurable computational granularity. Our performance evaluation shows that the implementation is extremely low overhead, achieving a speed up of 24.5$$\times $$
×
with 26 computers over the sequential case, and 122$$\times $$
×
when utilising all six cores on each computer.
Beethoven’s death—the result of medical malpractice?
Authors: Reiter Christian , Prohaska Thomas 
Published: March 2021

SummaryTwo different strands of hair taken from Beethoven’s head after his death were examined for heavy metals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser ablation-ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy). The results revealed the presence of small lead particles on the surface of Beethoven’s hairs and fluctuating lead levels in hair medulla along the length of the hair due to alternating lead exposure, with an average lead exposure of 100 times the normal value. The time-line attached to the peaks of these fluctuating values correlate with the pneumonia treatment and the paracenteses performed, including the subsequent treatment of the procedure wounds. While the administration of lead-containing drugs and treatments had been proven to resolve the pneumonia, it had simultaneously caused massive liver failure, accelerated by pre-existing cirrhosis. The question as to whether Beethoven’s death was a case of malpractice can only be answered from a forensic point of view ex ante, since the state of the medical knowledge of the time has to be taken into account.
General relativistic effects acting on the orbits of Galileo satellites
Authors: Sośnica K. , Bury G. , Zajdel R. , Kazmierski K. , Ventura-Traveset J. , Prieto-Cerdeira R. , Mendes L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first pair of satellites belonging to the European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)—Galileo—has been accidentally launched into highly eccentric, instead of circular, orbits. The final height of these two satellites varies between 17,180 and 26,020 km, making these satellites very suitable for the verification of the effects emerging from general relativity. We employ the post-Newtonian parameterization (PPN) for describing the perturbations acting on Keplerian orbit parameters of artificial Earth satellites caused by the Schwarzschild, Lense–Thirring, and de Sitter general relativity effects. The values emerging from PPN numerical simulations are compared with the approximations based on the Gaussian perturbations for the temporal variations of the Keplerian elements of Galileo satellites in nominal, near-circular orbits, as well as in the highly elliptical orbits. We discuss what kinds of perturbations are detectable using the current accuracy of precise orbit determination of artificial Earth satellites, including the expected secular and periodic variations, as well as the constant offsets of Keplerian parameters. We found that not only secular but also periodic variations of orbit parameters caused by general relativity effects exceed the value of 1 cm within 24 h; thus, they should be fully detectable using the current GNSS precise orbit determination methods. Many of the 1-PPN effects are detectable using the Galileo satellite system, but the Lense–Thirring effect is not.
Review of seed yield components and pollination conditions in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production
Authors: Jing Shuxuan , Kryger Per , Boelt Birte 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in many of the temperate regions around the world. In order to evaluate possible causes for the low seed yield in particular in tetraploid red clover, we surveyed 71 studies of red clover seed production published from 1948 to 2019, reviewing seed yield components, pollination and reproductive traits. Seed yield components are recorded to contribute to and improve our understanding of the complex processes leading to the red clover seed yield. However, the measurement approaches varied largely among the studies, depending on whether the seed yield components are directly measured or calculated. Red clover seed production is dependent on insect pollen transfer. However, much uncertainty of pollination and reproductive success remains. Pollination conditions were often neglected: one third of the papers did not mention pollination conditions. The information that connects pollination and seed set are lacking, very few studies measured traits in floral morphology, ovule fertilisation and seed maturation. We suggest that consistent and comprehensive evaluation of pollination and reproductive success are required to improve our understanding of reasons for the low seed yield in red clover and hence the possibilities for future improvement.
Interlaboratory evaluation of plasma N-glycan antennary fucosylation as a clinical biomarker for HNF1A-MODY using liquid chromatography methods
Authors: Demus Daniel , Jansen Bas C. , Gardner Richard A. , Urbanowicz Paulina A. , Wu Haiyang , Štambuk Tamara , Juszczak Agata , Medvidović Edita Pape , Juge Nathalie , Gornik Olga , Owen Katharine R. , Spencer Daniel I. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntennary fucosylation alterations in plasma glycoproteins have been previously proposed and tested as a biomarker for differentiation of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) patients carrying a functional mutation in the HNF1A gene. Here, we developed a novel LC-based workflow to analyze blood plasma N-glycan fucosylation in 320 diabetes cases with clinical features matching those at risk of HNF1A-MODY. Fucosylation levels measured in two independent research centers by using similar LC-based methods were correlated to evaluate the interlaboratory performance of the biomarker. The interlaboratory study showed good correlation between fucosylation levels measured for the 320 cases in the two centers with the correlation coefficient (r) of up to 0.88 for a single trait A3FG3S2. The improved chromatographic separation allowed the identification of six single glycan traits and a derived antennary fucosylation trait that were able to differentiate individuals carrying pathogenic mutations from benign or no HNF1A mutation cases, as determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of up to 0.94. The excellent (r = 0.88) interlaboratory performance of the glycan biomarker for HNF1A-MODY further supports the development of a clinically relevant diagnostic test measuring antennary fucosylation levels.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of a collection of white grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for temperate climates
Authors: Stagnati Lorenzo , Busconi Matteo , Soffritti Giovanna , Martino Michelangelo , Lanubile Alessandra , Marocco Adriano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a subsistence crop and the main food for populations in arid or semiarid regions and it is appreciated for the production of gluten-free products, forages, raw materials for industrial transformation and packaging. The end-use of different sorghum purposes having various plant or kernel characteristics require specific breeding programs to develop the desired ideotype. Sorghum grains can be classified according to kernel color, tannins and polyphenols content: white, yellow, red, brown, and black. White sorghum is characterized by a low level of total phenolic content and tannins. The advantage of using white sorghum is: increased protein digestibility, nutritional composition and consumer acceptance similar to other cereals. A collection of 117 white grain sorghums was characterized using 10 SSRs and preliminary agronomic observations were made for main traits. SSR analysis revealed from 10 to 33 alleles per locus.Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected according to the reproduction system of sorghum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 6 main groups of genotypes. Only one group is constituted by genotypes with the same geographical origin (Egypt) while other groups are admixtures of different countries. The principal coordinate analysis revealed good correspondence between genetic profiles and groups evidenced by similar agronomic performances.
Real-time forecasting of COVID-19 bed occupancy in wards and Intensive Care Units
Authors: Baas Stef , Dijkstra Sander , Braaksma Aleida , van Rooij Plom , Snijders Fieke J. , Tiemessen Lars , Boucherie Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical model that provides a real-time forecast of the number of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ward and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a hospital based on the predicted inflow of patients, their Length of Stay (LoS) in both the ward and the ICU as well as transfer of patients between the ward and the ICU. The data required for this forecast is obtained directly from the hospital’s data warehouse. The resulting algorithm is tested on data from the first COVID-19 peak in the Netherlands, showing that the forecast is very accurate. The forecast may be visualised in real-time in the hospital’s control centre and is used in several Dutch hospitals during the second COVID-19 peak.
Neural Networks with Improved Extreme Learning Machine for Demand Prediction of Bike-sharing
Authors: Wu Fan , Hong Si , Zhao Wei , Wang Xiaoyan , Shao Xun , Wang Xiujun , Zheng Xiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate demand prediction of bike-sharing is an important prerequisite to reducing the cost of scheduling and improving the user satisfaction. However, it is a challenging issue due to stochasticity and non-linearity in bike-sharing systems. In this paper, a model called pseudo-double hidden layer feedforward neural networks is proposed to approximately predict actual demands of bike-sharing. Specifically, to overcome limitations in traditional back-propagation learning process, an algorithm, an extreme learning machine with improved particle swarm optimization, is designed to construct learning rules in neural networks. The performance is verified by comparing with other learning algorithms on the dataset of Streeter Dr bike-sharing station in Chicago.
Locate your soundscape: interacting with the acoustic environment
Authors: Orio Nicola , De Carolis Berardina , Liotard Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough overshadowed by visual information, sound plays a central role in how people perceive an environment. The effect of a landscape is enriched by its soundscape, that is, the stratification of all the acoustic sources that, often unconsciously, are heard. This paper presents a framework for archiving, browsing, and accessing soundscapes, either remotely or on-site. The framework is based on two main components: a web-based interface to upload and search the recordings of an acoustic environment, enriched by in- formation about geolocation, timing, and context of the recording; and a mobile app to browse and listen to the recordings, using an interactive map or GPS information. To populate the archive, we launched two crowdsourcing initiatives. An initial experiment examined the city of Padua’s soundscape through the participation of a group of undergraduate students. A broader experiment, which was proposed to all people in Italy, aimed at tracking how the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown was dramatically changing the soundscape of the entire country.
Robustness of nonlinear parameter identification in the presence of process noise using control-based continuation
Authors: Beregi Sandor , Barton David A. W. , Rezgui Djamel , Neild Simon A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we consider the experimentally obtained, periodically forced response of a nonlinear structure in the presence of process noise. Control-based continuation is used to measure both the stable and unstable periodic solutions, while different levels of noise are injected into the system. Using these data, the robustness of the control-based continuation algorithm and its ability to capture the noise-free system response are assessed by identifying the parameters of an associated Duffing-like model. We demonstrate that control-based continuation extracts system information more robustly, in the presence of a high level of noise, than open-loop parameter sweeps and so is a valuable tool for investigating nonlinear structures.
Generalized Superharmonic Functions with Strongly Nonlinear Operator
Authors: Chlebicka Iwona , Zatorska-Goldstein Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study properties of $\mathcal {A}$
A
-harmonic and $\mathcal {A}$
A
-superharmonic functions involving an operator having generalized Orlicz growth. Our framework embraces reflexive Orlicz spaces, as well as natural variants of variable exponent and double-phase spaces. In particular, Harnack’s Principle and Minimum Principle are provided for $\mathcal {A}$
A
-superharmonic functions.
Who Needs Sensory Education?
Authors: Biswas Tanu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCustomarily, reflections on the need to educate sensory and bodily enactments with the world, take for granted that it is the child who must be educated. However, the educational passage of becoming 'rational' and 'grown up' often leaves the adult divorced from her own embodied self. As part of my engagement with childism (conf. Wall in Ethics in light of childhood, Georgetown University Press, Washington, 2010; The child as natural phenomenologist. Primal and primary experience in Merleau-Ponty’s psychology, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 2013; Child Geogr, 2019,https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2019.1668912) in this article, I ask: Who needs sensory education? In response, I propose that it is adults who need sensory education more than theirtemporal others(Beauvais, in: Spyrou S, Rosen R, Cook DT (eds) Reimagining childhood studies, Bloomsbury Academic, London, pp 57–74 2018) i.e. children. As Merleau-Ponty has shown, the richness of embodied perception that children experience, is relatively distant for adults (Bahler in Child Philos 11:203–221, 2015; Welsh in The child as natural phenomenologist. Primal and primary experience in Merleau-Ponty’s psychology, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, 2013). The particular lived-experience I reflect on is the sense of temporality. Accompanied by two distinct, yet interconnected examples of encounters with Baby Ole and Captain Duke, I suggest that being-with-children can enable philosophical clearings for adults to re-cognise plural temporalities, as opposed to a singular clock-time perception of Time. (The prepositionwithis used in the sense of the Norwegianhosor Germanbei, whereby an adult intentionally positions herself as a guest in a child's world.)
Competitive Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygen-Substituted Aromatics over Rh/Silica: Catechol, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone
Authors: Kirkwood Kathleen , Jackson S. David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe competitive hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of dihydroxybenzene isomers, catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene), resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene), was studied in the liquid phase over a Rh/silica catalyst at 323 K and 3 barg hydrogen pressure. Under competitive hydrogenation conditions an order of reactivity of ortho > para > meta was observed. Catechol initially inhibited resorcinol and hydroquinone hydrogenation but not HDO suggesting separate sites for hydrogenation and HDO. When resorcinol and hydroquinone were reacted competitively, HDO became the favoured reaction. The data suggested that cyclohexane and cyclohexanone were primary products. At low dihydroxybenzene (DHB) conversion the ratio of HDO products was dependent upon DHB isomer. When all three DHB isomers were reacted together, initially 86% of the HDO yield came from catechol with the rest from hydroquinone. When resorcinol finally reacted, HDO products were produced first. Reaction of DHB isomers in pairs using deuterium instead of hydrogen revealed changes in kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The presence of competing reactants had a dramatic effect on the energetics of hydrogenation and HDO reactions of individual components, reinforcing the view that hydrogenation and HDO are mechanistically separate. This effect on reaction energetics observed when more than one substrate was present, highlights the limitations of studying one single model compound as a route to understanding the processes required for the upgrading of a true bio-oil feed.