bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sportvereine als Interessenorganisationen?! – Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen in freiwilligen Sportorganisationen / Sports Clubs as Mutual Interest Organizations? – Causes and Effects of Divergences between Club Goals and Member Interests in Volunteer Sports Organizations
Authors: Klenk Christoffer , Nagel Siegfried 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Für Sportvereine als Interessenorganisationen scheint die Rückbindung der Vereinsziele an die Mitgliederinteressen von zentraler Bedeutung zu sein. In der Vereinsrealität dürfte aber diese Rückbindung nur teilweise gewährleistet sein und folglich Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen eher die Norm als die Ausnahme darstellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, welche Ursachen für Ziel-Interessen- Divergenzen verantwortlich zu machen sind und welche Auswirkungen sich daraus für die Vereine ergeben. Dieser Frage geht der vorliegende Beitrag nach, indem auf der Grundlage des akteurtheoretischen Mehr-Ebenen-Modells zur Analyse der Entwicklung von Sportvereinen die struktur- und handlungsbedingten Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Divergenzen auf der Vereins- und Mitgliederebene beleuchtet werden. Mit Blick auf die Ursachen wurde der Einfluss der korporativen Vereinsstrukturen und der individuellen Handlungsorientierungen der Mitglieder auf Divergenzen untersucht. Die Befunde hierzu zeigen, dass Divergenzen einerseits durch einem zunehmenden Differenzierungs- und Hierarchisierungsgrad (z.B. Vereinsgröße, Umweltvernetzung, Oligarchisierung) begünstigt werden und andererseits vor allem bei einer primären Verfolgung von Eigeninteressen der Mitglieder auftreten. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen wurden die individuellen Mitgliederreaktionen und die korporativen Vereinsreaktionen auf Divergenzen analysiert. Diesbezüglich zeigen die Befunde, dass sowohl die Mitglieder als auch die Vereinsführung überwiegend konstruktiv auf Divergenzen reagieren (z.B. durch Problemansprache, Vertrauen, Kompromissfindung), so dass es vielen Vereinen offenbar relativ gut gelingt, Ziel-Interessen-Divergenzen bis zu einem gewissen Grad sowohl aushalten als auch aufarbeiten zu können.
Expanded R&D by Jet-engine-steering Revolution
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since 1987 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] the global jet engine community is facing the historical fact that jet engine steering is gradually replacing canards and the common, often dangerous and obsolete, aerodynamic-only flight control – a fact that (i) has already affected the defense-industrial complex in the US, Russia, China, Japan, S-Korea and India, (ii) has integrated the traditional jet-engine components R&D with advanced aero-electro-physics, stealth technology, thrust vectoring aerodynamics and material science. Moreover, this military revolution is historically due to expand into the civil transport jets domain, [6, 7, 8, 9].

The historical aim of the JES-Revolution remains the same: Replace the common, stall-spin sensitive canards [6] and Aerodynamic-Only-Obsolete-Flight Control (“AOOF Control”). Invented about 100 years ago for propeller-driven air vehicles, it has already been partially replaced for failure to function in WVR-combat post-stall domain, and for the following reasons: In comparison with complete Tail-Less, Canard-Less, Stealth-JES (Figure 5 and References [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), the common AOOF Control increases drag, weight, fuel consumption, complexity, cost, and reduces flight safety, stealth, [Low Detectability] and provides zero post-stall, WVR air combat capability while its CANARDS KILL LD & REDUCE JES.

Examples of stealth fighter aircraft that have already replaced canards and AOOF-Control where JES provides at least 64 to 0 KILL-RATIO advantage over AOOF-Controlled conventional fighter aircraft: The U.S. JES F-22 and, apparently, the Russian JES-Su-T-50 & 35S, China 2016-J-31, Indian HAL AMCA & FGFA, Japanese JES IHHI ATD-X, S-Korean JES KF-X. Cf. X-44 in Figure 5.

Consequently, the jet engine is no longer defined as providing only brute force forward. Instead, it successfully competes with and wins over the wrong, dominating AOOF-Control, at least as a backup flight control whose sole factual domain is currently a well-established, primary flight controller RE any post-stall, super-agility, [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
Virus – Evolution – 3D Propellers
Authors: Sten Andersson 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For two different polyhedra, the cube and the rhombic dodecahedron, there are an
infinite number of closely related polyhedra. We find the same for the
icosahedron and dodecahedron. We show with direct mathematical methods how an
unlimited number of different structures can be derived from the smallest up to
any size.
Crystal chemistry of alpha-boron derivatives
Authors: Economy J. , Matkovich V. I. , Giese R. F. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
Die stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung von Verbindungen mit Zwischengitterplätzen wird diskutiert. Bei einem Strukturgerüst sind mehrere stöchiometrische Verhältnisse möglich, wenn es mehr als eine Art von Zwischengitterplätzen gibt. Dieses Prinzip wurde zur Aufklärung der Verwirrung benutzt, die über isotype Reihen von Zwischengitter-Verbindungen, welche sich vom α-Bor ableiten, verbreitet ist. Gemäß der Besetzung von Zwischengitterplätzen sind drei verschiedene stöchiometrische Verbindungen in dieser Isotypen-Gruppe zu unterscheiden: B12X2Y (B12X,), B12X2 und B12X. Es wird berichtet über 1. eine neue Borcarbid-Form (B12Cz), 2. eine neues α-Bor-Derivat mit Aluminium auf Zwischengitterplätzen (B12C2Al), 3. die Identifizierung und die Differenzierung zweier Borsubphosphide (B12P2 und B13P2), 4. die Darstellung von Borsubarsenid und 5. die Beziehung zwischen Metall-Dodekaboriden und α-Bor-Derivaten.
A simple Stereographic plotting table
Authors: Dyson D. J. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
Die Mitteilung enthält Angaben über die Konstruktion eines einfachen stereographischen Auswertetisches und Hinweise zu dessen Verwendung. Das Instrument ist das einfachste unter einer Reihe von möglichen Konstruktionen und ermöglicht ein schnelles Zeichnen von stereographischen Projektionen. Es wurde ursprünglich als Hilfsmittel für die Auswertung von Elektronenbeugungsaufnahmen entworfen, kann aber auch für andere Auswertungen kristallographisher Art verwendet werden.
The crystal structure of YB4
Authors: Giese Β. F. , Matkovich V. I. , Economy J. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
Zweck der Untersuchung an YB4 war die Bestimmung der Lagen des Bors in Metallboriden. Der frühere, von der Struktur von ThB4 ausgehende Vorschlag wurde im wesentlichen bestätigt. In jeder oktaedrischen Bor-Gruppe ist jedoch im Durchschnitt eine Atomlage unbesetzt, entgegen dem früheren Vorschlag, der auf einem zusammenhängenden Gerüst aus Bor-Atomen beruht. Die Tetraborid-Struktur wird auf der Grundlage tetraedrischer Einheiten gedeutet; sie weist ein Strukturgerüst auf, das den Verbindungen der MB4-, M3B2- und M2B-Typen gemeinsam ist.
Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs
Authors: Blank Mathias , Glück Tobias , Kugi Andreas , Kreuter Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag behandelt die mathematische Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs. Smart Power ICs sind Leistungsschalter mit integrierten Regelungs- und Schutzfunktionen. Ausgehend von der vollständigen Schaltung des ICs wird eine für die Systemanalyse und den Reglerentwurf geeignete Ersatzschaltung abgeleitet und mathematisch modelliert. Damit ist es möglich, das Großsignalverhalten des Smart Power ICs mit Hilfe eines Differentialgleichungssystems fünfter Ordnung zu beschreiben. Anhand von Simulationsergebnissen wird das mathematische Modell mit der vollständigen Schaltung verglichen.
LTI Modell arbiträrer wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze
Authors: Jostock Markus , Sachau Jürgen , Tuttas Christian 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines regelungstechnischen
Modells wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze. Der hier vorgestellte
strukturierte Ansatz bildet auf Basis der Zustandsraumdarstellung
eines Wechselrichters ein multi-Wechselrichtermodell und verknüpft
dieses mit der Strukturinformation der Knoteninzidenzmatrix zu einem
geschlossenen Inselnetzmodell. Das Verfahren ermöglicht die Erstellung
von Modellen mit beliebig strukturierten Netzen und großer Anzahl
unterschiedlicher Wechselrichtermodelle im NS-Netz. Abschließend wird
eine Stabilitätsanalyse eines Beispielnetzes präsentiert.
Synthesis, radiolabeling and quality control of 111In-DOTA-bevacizumab for radioimmunoscintigraphy of VEGF receptors
Authors: Khorami-Moghadam A. , Jalilian A. R. , Yavari K. , Alirezapour B. , Mazidi M. , Mirzaii M. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
In this study, bevacizumab was successively labeled with 111In-InCl3 after conjugation with DOTA-NHS-ester followed by molecular filtration and determination of the average number ofDOTAconjugated per mAb (6 : 1) by spectrophotometric method. Radiochemical purity (> 97%, measured by ITLC and HPLC), integrity of protein after radiolabeling (gel electrophoresis) and stability of 111In-DOTA-Bevacizumab (in final formulation, human serum, liver/kidney homogenates) were determined in 24-72 h as well as biodistribution studies in wild-type rats and human colon cancer (SW-480) bearing mice. The accumulation of the radiolabeled antibody was consistent with the former reported Bevacizumab conjugates. Significant tumor uptake (8%) was observed at 72 h p.i. Tumor/muscle uptake ratios were 2.6 (24 h), 9.74 (48 h) and 25 (72 h). 111In- DOTA-Bevacizumab was prepared as a SPECT molecular imaging agent for diagnosis and follow-up of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in oncology.
Electrolytic partitioning of uranium and plutonium based on a new type of electrolytic mixer-settler
Authors: Yuan Z. , Yan T. , Zheng W. , Zuo C. , Li H. , Bian X. , Zhang B. , Li C. , Cao Z. , Xian L. , Di Y. , Liu F. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
The design of a new type of electroreduction mixer-settler for the partitioning of uranium and plutonium during the Purex process, which is featured with E-shaped cathodes and U-shaped anodes in settling chamber, is described and the operational results achieved using this equipment are presented. The results show that this new type of mixer-settler has excellent separation performances. The flow rate of organic feed solution is 3 mL/min and the flow ratio of feed solution (1BF) to aqueous back extraction stream (1BX) and to organic wash stream (1BS) is 4/1/1. For an organic feed of 84 g/L uranium and 1.40 ⁓ 2.64 g/L plutonium, both the separation factor of plutonium from uranium and that of uranium from plutonium are apparently higher than 104
Interferences in instrumental neutron activation analysis by threshold reactions and uranium fission for miniature neutron source reactor
Authors: Wasim M. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Miniature neutron source reactors (MNSR) are known for their stable neutron flux characteristics and are mostly employed for neutron activation analysis (NAA). Interfering reactions are sometimes observed in instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Failure to correct for these interferences produces significant systematic positive errors. This paper provides correction factors for the interferences caused by the threshold reactions and fission products of 235U. These factors were calculated by using the experimentally determined thermal, epithermal and fast neutron flux and epithermal neutron flux shape factor and the nuclear data from the literature using the Høgdahl convention. Correction factors were calculated for (n, p) and (n, α) reactions for the most commonly observed radionuclides in INAA. Similarly, correction factors for uranium fission were calculated for 9 elements (Ce, Ba, La, Mo, Nd, Pd, Ru, Sm and Zr). The correction factors were validated by analyzing different materials. A comparison of uranium fission factors with those published in the literature showed a good agreement except for 97Zr, 99Mo and 131Ba which is due to difference in the flux characteristics. In general, these factors can be used with confidence.
Gold-coated lanthanide phosphate nanoparticles for an 225Ac in vivo alpha generator
Authors: McLaughlin M. F. , Woodward J. , Boll R. A. , Rondinone A. J. , Mirzadeh S. , Robertson J. D. 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Retaining radioactive daughter products at a clinically relevant target site remains one of the major challenges in development of in vivo α generators with radionuclides such as 225Ac and 223Ra. In this work, we examine the ability of layered nanoparticle constructs to retain 225Ac and the first decay daughter, 221Fr. Actinium-225 is cocrystalized in a lanthanide phosphate nanoparticle consisting of varying amounts of La and Gd. Additional lanthanide phosphate layers improve retention capability while an outer layer of gold facilitates the attachment of targeting moieties for in vivo use. Retention of 225Ac in the nanoparticles is near quantitative while the 221Fr retention varies from 60-89% as a function of time, the number of layers, and nanoparticle composition. Decay corrected radiochemical yield in the multi-shell syntheses are high (76%) and comparable to or better than existing delivery approaches.
Optimization of Nd(III) pre-concentration on a rotating disk mercury film electrode in aqueous solution
Authors: Schumacher P. D. , Miley S. M. , Schenk J. O. , Clark S. B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Current work indicates that trivalent lanthanides will consistently sorb to a rotating disk mercury film electrode in bulk aqueous solution thus allowing the user to pre-concentrate trivalent lanthanides for further separation. However, the mechanism of sorption to the mercury film is largely unknown, making it difficult if not impossible to predict a priori the conditions under which pre-concentration is optimized. In the present study, we explore some of the electrochemical factors affecting this pre-concentration process to optimize the technique for use in a wide variety of aqueous media. Trivalent neodymium (Nd(III)) is used as a model for the trivalent f-element cations. The factors investigated include pH of solution, rotation rate of the electrode, concentration of mercury, potential application waveforms, order of deposition, and time dependency.
Amberlite XAD-2 impregnated Cyanex272: sorption desorption studies of thorium(IV)
Authors: Karve M. , Gholave J. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Amberlite XAD-2 impregnated with Cyanex272 was packed in a column and studied for separation and recovery of Th(IV). The effect of various parameters influencing sorption of Th(IV) viz. acid concentration, aqueous phase flow rates, nature and concentration of eluents and other ions were systematically studied. Under optimized conditions Th(IV) was quantitatively sorbed from 0.001 M HNO3 and recovered using 10 cm3 of 4.0 M HCl at 0.6 cm3 min−1 flow rate. Batch studies using impregnated resin were evaluated for using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The sorption capacity of the impregnated resin for Th(IV) was 8.48 mmol g−1. The limit of detection for Th(IV) was 0.67 μg dm−3 and a reusability for more than 65 cycles was observed. The method developed was applied for isolation of Th(IV) from monazite sand. It was reproducible with a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 0.8%.
Rapid environmental analysis using molten salt fusion sample preparation
Authors: Armenta C. E. , Gonzáles E. R. , Herrera J. A. , Plionis Alexander A. , Peterson D. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the analysis of the isotopic composition of environmental samples, including transuranic materials there are many methods that exist. This paper describes the development of a high throughput method, which involves dissolving a soil into an aqueous matrix, producing a homogenous mixture, and separating radionuclides to enable the identification of specific isotopes. A standard method was modified via changes in oxidation, chemical exchange, decomposition, or rearrangements to form constituents that are more soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. To accomplish this, a molten-salt fusion, dissolution in dilutes nitric or hydrochloric acids, with subsequent separation using ion exchange, direct deposition, and counting by alpha-spectrometry was used. This method is ideal for silicate samples, but can be modified to accommodate more complex soil samples.
Radioactive aerosol particles released from a pneumatic irradiation system in a nuclear research reactor
Authors: Oki Y. , Ozaki A. , Osada N. , Kaneto T. , Hata Y. , Yamasaki K. , Shibata S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Particle size distribution of activity was investigated with an impactor for airborne particles released from a pneumatic irradiation system of a research reactor. Airborne radioactivity released from the pneumatic tube of the reactor was identified as 24Na, 38Cl, and 56Mn and various fission products of which origin was uranium impurity in aluminum used in the part of the pneumatic tube. The AMAD (activity median aerodynamic diameter) of 24Na and 56Mn that were produced through (n,γ) reactions was ca. 1 μm, while that of fission products was ca. 0.4 μm. It was suggested that radioactive particles of ca. 1 μm were due to activation of aluminum dust in the pneumatic tube, and that the particles of ca. 0.4 μm were formed by attachment of recoiled fission products to radiation-induced airborne particles.
Determination of uranium concentrations and its activity ratios in coal and fly ash from Philippine coal-fired thermal power plants using ICP-MS and TIMS
Authors: Sahoo S. K. , Parami V. K. , Quirit L. L. , Yonehara H. , Ishikawa T. , Tokonami S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The specific activity of 238U as a technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in feed coal, bottom and fly ash samples from four major coal-fired thermal power plants in the Philippines have been measured using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy system equipped with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The uranium concentration has been determined from same samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). There was a good correlation between the measured uranium using both methods and has been estimated to be 0.98. Uranium from coal, bottom and fly ash samples were chemically separated and activity ratio (234U/238U) and 235U/238U ratio was measured using a thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). The highest concentration of uranium was found in fly ash and lowest was for feed coal. Uranium isotopic composition plays an important role in studying its biogeochemical behavior and is a good tracer on the sources of uranium in the environment.
Radon, gamma-ray exposure and natural radionuclides
Authors: Wanabongse P. , Thorarit W. , Yimchalam N. , Bovornkitti S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Measurements were conducted to determine residential radon exposure levels in provinces with high lung cancer incidence in three different regions of Thailand. The measurements revealed that the average indoor radon levels were 20.0, 24.4, and 13.1 Bq m−3, and that the average gamma dose rates were 145, 164, and 54 nSv h−1 in Chiangmai, Songkhla and Khonkaen provinces, respectively. The spectroscopic analysis of soil samples collected from the three provinces showed that the highest contents of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were present in Songkhla, with values of 93.7, 71.9, and 786.9 Bq kg−1, respectively, and the lowest contents were present in Khonkaen, with values of 15.6, 19.0, and 46.8 Bq kg−1, respectively. The results of our analysis of the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides helped explain the lower levels of radon gas and gamma-ray exposure in Khonkaen.
Development of digital gamma-activation autoradiography for analysis of samples of large area
Authors: Kolotov V. P. , Grozdov D. S. , Dogadkin N. N. , Korobkov V. I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gamma-activation autoradiography is a prospective method for screening detection of inclusions of precious metals in geochemical samples. Its characteristics allow analysis of thin sections of large size (tens of cm
2
), that favourably distinguishes it among the other methods for local analysis. At the same time, the activating field of the accelerator bremsstrahlung, displays a sharp intensity decrease relative to the distance along the axis. A method for activation dose “equalization” during irradiation of the large size thin sections has been developed. The method is based on the usage of a hardware-software system. This includes a device for moving the sample during the irradiation, a program for computer modelling of the acquired activating dose for the chosen kinematics of the sample movement and a program for pixel-by pixel correction of the autoradiographic images. For detection of inclusions of precious metals, a method for analysis of the acquired dose dynamics during sample decay has been developed. The method is based on the software processing pixel by pixel a time-series of coaxial autoradiographic images and generation of the secondary meta-images allowing interpretation regarding the presence of interesting inclusions based on half-lives. The method is tested for analysis of copper-nickel polymetallic ores. The developed solutions considerably expand the possible applications of digital gamma-activation autoradiography.
Hybrid NAA for study of organic halogens in precipitation in Beijing, China
Authors: Xu Diandou , Ma Lingling , Chen Yang , Chai Zhifang , Xu Guofei , Li Shuzhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rainwater samples were collected from Beijing, China, from May 2006 to November 2007 and measured by a hybrid neutron activation analysis (NAA) method combining with gas chromatography (GC) for the concentrations and distribution of extractable persistent organic halogens (EPOX = EPOCl + EPOBr + EPOI), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs). The average concentrations of EPOCl, EPOBr and EPOI in all the samples were 102, 0.18, and 0.31 μg/L, respectively. The relative proportions of the known organochlorines (84 PCB congeners + 10 OCPs) to total EPOCl were 0.03–1.44%, which implied that most of EPOCl measured in rainwater were unidentified. Significant correlations between the logarithms of the concentrations of EPOCl and EPOBr (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001) or EPOI (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) and between the concentrations of EPOBr and EPOI (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) were observed, which suggested that EPOCl, EPOBr and EPOI in rainwater might mainly come from the similar sources. There were no clear seasonal trends for the concentrations of EPOX. PCBs in rainwater were dominated by tetra-CB and tri-CB. The homologue was consistent with the technical PCB products in China, which indicated that PCBs in the environment mainly came from the historical usage of technical PCB products.
Planetary gamma ray spectrometry: remote sensing of elemental abundances
Authors: Englert Peter A. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Planetary gamma ray spectrometry is a form of nuclear spectroscopy applied remotely to provide geochemical maps of planetary bodies. From early developments it has by now become a standard modality of planetary exploration. Basic and applied nuclear science has made significant contributions to the advancement of planetary gamma ray spectrometry, as outlined in this methodological and historical assessment.