bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sluzhenikinite, Pd15(Sb7-xSnx) 3 ≤ x ≤ 4, a new platinum group mineral (PGM) from the Oktyabrsk deposit, the Noril`sk deposits, Russia
Authors: Vymazalová Anna , Welch Mark D. , Laufek František , Kozlov Vladimir V. , Stanley Chris J. , Plášil Jakub 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSluzhenikinite, Pd15(Sb7–xSnx) with 3 ≤ x ≤ 4, is a new mineral discovered in the pegmatoidal galena–chalcopyrite massive ore from the Oktyabrsk mine, Oktyabrsk deposit of the Noril`sk deposits, Russia. Sluzhenikinite forms euhedral elongate lamellar crystals (100–150 μm long and 10–50 μm wide) associated with Au–Ag alloy, insizwaite and myrmekitic intergrowths of Pt–Pd minerals (stibiopalladinite, maslovite and sobolevskite), in close association of sperrylite and base-metal sulfides (galena, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite). In plane-polarised light, sluzhenikinite is pale brown with weak bireflectance, imperceptible pleochroism, and weak anisotropy with straw yellow to deep blue rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for sluzhenikinite in air (R1,R2 in %) are: 46.2, 46.5 at 470nm; 52.1, 52.2 at 546nm; 54.7, 55.1 at 589nm; and 57.8, 59.0 at 650nm. Thirteen electron-microprobe analyses of sluzhenikinite gave an average composition: Pd 65.06, Sn 15.60 and Sb 19.58, total 100.24 wt.%, corresponding to the formula Pd14.88(Sb3.92Sn3.20)Σ7.12 based on 22 atoms; the average of twenty-one energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses on co-type material gave: Pd 63.36, Pt 1.15, Sn 16.28 and Sb 19.21, total 100.00 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pd14.62Pt0.14)Σ14.76(Sb3.87Sn3.37)Σ7.24. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 11.22 g/cm3. The mineral is monoclinic, space group P21/m, with a = 7.5558(1), b = 29.2967(3), c = 7.5713(1) Å, β = 119.931(2)°, V = 1452.44(4) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was determined using data from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and demonstrates conclusively that the correct stoichiometry is Pd15(Sb,Sn)7, rather than Pd2(Sb,Sn); R1 = 0.035, wR2 = 0.073, GoF = 1.118 for 209 refined parameters and 4738 unique reflections. The mineral is named after Sergey Fedorovich Sluzhenikin, an expert on platinum-group minerals, particularly from the area of the type locality.
High frequency of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Enterococcus faecalis in the paraffin-embedded tissues of Iranian colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Khodaverdi Nasibeh , Zeighami Habib , Jalilvand Ahmad , Haghi Fakhri , Hesami Negar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The association between specific bacteria and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been proposed. Only a few studies have, however, investigated this relationship directly in colorectal tissue with conflicting results. So, we aimed to quantitate Streptococcus gallolyticus, Fusobacterium spp, Enterococcus faecalis and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal tissue samples of Iranian CRC patients and healthy controls.

Methods
A total of 80 FFPE colorectal tissue samples of CRC patients (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 40) were investigated for the presence and copy number of above bacterial species using quantitative PCR. Relative quantification was determined using ΔΔCT method and expressed as relative fold difference compared to reference gene.

Results
Relative abundance and copy number of E. faecalis and ETBF were significantly higher in CRC samples compared to control group. E. faecalis was more prevalent than ETBF in tumor samples. Frequency of ETBF and E. faecalis in late stages (III/IV) of cancer was significantly higher than early stages (I/II). We did not detect a significant difference in abundance of S. gallolyticus and Fusobacterium spp between two groups.

Conclusion
Our study revealed the higher concentration of E. faecalis and ETBF in FFPE samples of CRC patients than controls. However, additional investigations on fecal and fresh colorectal cancer tissue samples are required to substantiate this correlation.
Rotten to the core: antivirals targeting the HIV-1 capsid core
Authors: McFadden William M. , Snyder Alexa A. , Kirby Karen A. , Tedbury Philip R. , Raj Monika , Wang Zhengqiang , Sarafianos Stefan G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe capsid core of HIV-1 is a large macromolecular assembly that surrounds the viral genome and is an essential component of the infectious virus. In addition to its multiple roles throughout the viral life cycle, the capsid interacts with multiple host factors. Owing to its indispensable nature, the HIV-1 capsid has been the target of numerous antiretrovirals, though most capsid-targeting molecules have not had clinical success until recently. Lenacapavir, a long-acting drug that targets the HIV-1 capsid, is currently undergoing phase 2/3 clinical trials, making it the most successful capsid inhibitor to-date. In this review, we detail the role of the HIV-1 capsid protein in the virus life cycle, categorize antiviral compounds based on their targeting of five sites within the HIV-1 capsid, and discuss their molecular interactions and mechanisms of action. The diverse range of inhibition mechanisms provides insight into possible new strategies for designing novel HIV-1 drugs and furthers our understanding of HIV-1 biology.
Graphical Abstract
Associations between DNA methylation and BMI vary by metabolic health status: a potential link to disparate cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Do Whitney L. , Nguyen Steve , Yao Jie , Guo Xiuqing , Whitsel Eric A. , Demerath Ellen , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Lange Leslie , Ding Jingzhong , Van Den Berg David , Liu Yongmei , Justice Anne E. , Guan Weihua , Horvath Steve , Assimes Themistocles L. , Bhatti Parveen , Jordahl Kristina , Shadyab Aladdin , Valencia Celina I. , Stein Aryeh D. , Smith Alicia , Staimez Lisa R. , Conneely Karen , Narayan K. M. Venkat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Body mass index (BMI), a well-known risk factor for poor cardiovascular outcomes, is associated with differential DNA methylation (DNAm). Similarly, metabolic health has also been associated with changes in DNAm. It is unclear how overall metabolic health outside of BMI may modify the relationship between BMI and methylation profiles, and what consequences this may have on downstream cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at which the association between BMI and DNAm could be modified by overall metabolic health.

Results
The discovery study population was derived from three Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) ancillary studies (n = 3977) and two Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) ancillary studies (n = 3520). Findings were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort (n = 1200). Generalized linear models regressed methylation β values on the interaction between BMI and metabolic health Z score (BMI × MHZ) adjusted for BMI, MHZ, cell composition, chip number and location, study characteristics, top three ancestry principal components, smoking, age, ethnicity (WHI), and sex (ARIC). Among the 429,566 sites examined, differential associations between BMI × MHZ and DNAm were identified at 22 CpG sites (FDR q < 0.05), with one site replicated in MESA (cg18989722, in the TRAPPC9 gene). Three of the 22 sites were associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in WHI. For each 0.01 unit increase in DNAm β value, the risk of incident CHD increased by 9% in one site and decreased by 6–10% in two sites over 25 years.

Conclusions
Differential associations between DNAm and BMI by MHZ were identified at 22 sites, one of which was validated (cg18989722) and three of which were predictive of incident CHD. These sites are located in several genes related to NF-kappa-B signaling, suggesting a potential role for inflammation between DNA methylation and BMI-associated metabolic health.
DNA methylation mediates the association between breastfeeding and early-life growth trajectories
Authors: Briollais Laurent , Rustand Denis , Allard Catherine , Wu Yanyan , Xu Jingxiong , Rajan Samyukta Govinda , Hivert Marie-France , Doyon Myriam , Bouchard Luigi , McGowan Patrick O. , Matthews Steven , Lye Steven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of breastfeeding in modulating epigenetic factors has been suggested as a possible mechanism conferring its benefits on child development but it lacks evidence. Using extensive DNA methylation data from the ALSPAC child cohort, we characterized the genome-wide landscape of DNA methylation variations associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and assessed whether these variations mediate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI over different epochs of child growth.ResultsExclusive breastfeeding elicits more substantial DNA methylation variations during infancy than at other periods of child growth. At the genome-wide level, 13 CpG sites in girls (miR-21, SNAPC3, ATP6V0A1,DHX15/PPARGC1A,LINC00398/ALOX5AP,FAM238C,NATP/NAT2,CUX1,TRAPPC9,OSBPL1A,ZNF185,FAM84A,PDPK1) and 2 CpG sites in boys (IL16andNREP), mediate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and longitudinal BMI. We found enrichment of CpG sites located within miRNAs and key pathways (AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, endocytosis). Overall DNA methylation variation corresponding to 3 to 5 months of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with slower BMI growth the first 6 years of life compared to no breastfeeding and in a dose–response manner with exclusive breastfeeding duration.ConclusionsOur study confirmed the early postnatal period as a critical developmental period associated with substantial DNA methylation variations, which in turn could mitigate the development of overweight and obesity from infancy to early childhood. Since an accelerated growth during these developmental periods has been linked to the development of sustained obesity later in life, exclusive breastfeeding could have a major role in preventing the risks of overweight/obesity and children and adults through DNA methylation mechanisms occurring early in life.
ADP-ribosyl transferase activity and gamma radiation cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A
Authors: Morgan Radwa N. , Saleh Sarra E. , Aboshanab Khaled M. , Farrag Hala A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work explores the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa exotoxin A using the guanyl hydrazone derivative, nitrobenzylidine aminoguanidine (NBAG) and the impact of gamma radiation on its efficacy. Unlike the conventional detection methods, NBAG was used as the acceptor of ADP ribose moiety instead of wheat germ extract elongation factor 2. Exotoxin A was extracted from P. aeruginosa clinical isolates and screened for toxA gene using standard PCR. NBAG was synthesized using aminoguanidine bicarbonate and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and its identity has been confirmed by UV, FTIR, Mass and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of exotoxin A on NBAG in the presence of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) was recorded using UV spectroscopy and HPLC. In vitro ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of exotoxin A protein extract was also explored by monitoring its cytotoxicity on Hep-2 cells using sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assay. Bacterial broths were irradiated at 5, 10, 15, 24 Gy and exotoxin A protein extract activity were assessed post exposure. Exotoxin A extract exerted an ADP-ribosyltransferase ability which was depicted by the appearance of a new ʎmax after the addition of exotoxin A to NBAG/NAD+ mixture, fragmentation of NAD+ and development of new peaks in HPLC chromatograms. Intracellular enzyme activity was confirmed by the prominent cytotoxic effects of exotoxin A extract on cultured cells. In conclusion, the activity of Exotoxin A can be monitored via its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and low doses of gamma radiation reduced its activity. Therefore, coupling radiotherapy with exotoxin A in cancer therapy should be carefully monitored.
A study on the nutritional characteristics of some plants and their effects on ruminal microbial fermentation and protozoa population
Authors: Kazemi Mohsen , Moheghi Mohammad Mehdi , Tohidi Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe designed this project to determine the nutritional potential and ruminal microbial fermentation properties of eight rangeland plants (Dracocephalum moldavicaL.,Melissa officinalis L.,Ruta graveolens L.,Perovskia abrotanoidesKar.,Cichorium intybusL.,Borago officinalisL.,Peganum harmala L., andTeucrium polium L.) collected from the semi-arid region of Iran at two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) for ruminant diets.Medicago sativaas a common forage was also considered as control. We determined the chemical-mineral composition, buffering capacity, in vitro gas yield, ruminal fermentation, and protozoa population in a culture medium with the standard laboratory methods. A significant difference in chemical-mineral compounds was observed among the studied plants (p < 0.05). A lower crude protein range (6.28% forCichorium intybusL. to 18.4% forMelissa officinalis L.) was observed rather thanMedicago sativa(20.3%). The amount of calcium was highest inPeganum harmala L. (23.5–24.2 g/kg DM) and lowest inRuta graveolens L. (1.15–1.25 g/kg DM).Dracocephalum moldavicaL. exhibited the highest acid–base buffering capacity (235–242 mEq×10−3) among other plants. The highest decrease in total protozoa and other protozoan populations was observed whenPerovskia abrotanoidesKar. was added to the culture medium.Teucrium Polium L. had the greatest potential gas yield and its total volatile fatty acid was comparable withMedicago sativa. It seems that eight plants are nutritionally suitable for partial replacement of the conventional plants such asMedicago sativain diets of small ruminants, however dietary supplementation ofPeganum harmala L. due to its alkaloids content should be done with caution.
Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for the management of COVID-19: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Dhivagaran Thanansayan , Abbas Umaima , Butt Fahad , Arunasalam Luckshann , Chang Oswin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified as the cause of an acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the lack of validated treatments, there is an urgent need for a high-quality management of COVID-19. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are one tool that healthcare providers may use to enhance patient care. As such, it is necessary that they have access to high-quality evidence-based CPGs upon which they may base decisions regarding the management and use of therapeutic interventions (TI) for COVID-19. The purpose of the proposed study is to assess the quality of CPGs that make management or TI recommendations for COVID-19 using the AGREE II instrument.MethodsThe proposed systematic review will identify CPGs for TI use and/or the management of COVID-19. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as the Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, and the World Health Organization websites, will be searched from December 2019 onwards. The primary outcome of this study is the assessed quality of the CPGs. The quality of eligible CPGs will be assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument. Descriptive statistics will be used to quantify the quality of the CPGs. The secondary outcomes of this study are the types of management and/or TI recommendations made. Inconsistent and duplicate TI and/or management recommendations made between CPGs will be compared across guidelines. To summarize and explain the findings related to the included CPGs, a narrative synthesis will also be provided.DiscussionThe results of this study will be of utmost importance to enhancing clinical decision-making among healthcare providers caring for patients with COVID-19. Moreover, the results of this study will be relevant to guideline developers in the creation of CPGs or improvement of existing ones, researchers who want to identify gaps in knowledge, and policy-makers looking to encourage and endorse the adoption of CPGs into clinical practice. The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.Systematic review registrationInternational Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)—CRD42020219944
Overview of national health reporting in the EU and quality criteria for public health reports – results of the Joint Action InfAct
Authors: Thissen Martin , Seeling Stefanie , Achterberg Peter , Fehr Angela , Palmieri Luigi , Tijhuis Mariken J. , Unim Brigid , Ziese Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Health reporting shall provide up-to-date health-related data to inform policy-makers, researchers and the public. To this end, health reporting formats should be tailored to the needs and competencies of the target groups and provide comparable and high-quality information. Within the Joint Action on Health Information ‘InfAct’, we aimed at gaining an overview of health reporting practices in the EU Member States and associated countries, and developed quality criteria for the preparation of public health reports. The results are intended to facilitate making health information adequately available while reducing inequalities in health reporting across the EU.

Methods
A web-based desk research was conducted among EU Member States and associated countries to generate an overview of different formats of national health reporting and their respective target groups. To identify possible quality criteria for public health reports, an exploratory literature review was performed and earlier projects were analysed. The final set of criteria was developed in exchange with experts from the InfAct consortium.

Results
The web-based desk research showed that public health reports are the most frequently used format across countries (94%), most often addressed to scientists and researchers (51%), politicians and decision-makers (41%). However, across all reporting formats, the general public is the most frequently addressed target group. With regards to quality criteria for public health reports, the literature review has yielded few results. Therefore, two earlier projects served as main sources: the ‘Evaluation of National and Regional Public Health Reports’ and the guideline ‘Good Practice in Health Reporting‘from Germany. In collaboration with experts, quality criteria were identified and grouped into eight categories, ranging from topic selection to presentation of results, and compiled in a checklist for easy reference.

Conclusion
Health reporting practices in the EU are heterogeneous across Member States. The assembled quality criteria are intended to facilitate the preparation, dissemination and access to better comparable high-quality public health reports as a basis for evidence-based decision-making. A comprehensive conceptual and integrative approach that incorporates the policy perspective would be useful to investigate which dissemination strategies are the most suitable for specific requirements of the targeted groups.
Willingness of dentists in the United Arab Emirates to perform restorative and surgical treatments for patients infected with hepatitis C
Authors: Al-Amad Suhail H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Dentists’ refusal to treat patients infected with hepatitis C (HCV) continues to raise ethical concerns, particularly in countries where HCV is prevalent. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess dentists’ willingness to treat patients infected with HCV and the socio-demographic variables that influence their decision.

Methods
An online questionnaire was disseminated to dentists practicing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and enquired about their willingness to perform two dental treatments: restorative and surgical, to patients infected with HCV, while hypothetically being equipped with optimal personal protective equipment. Binary logistic regression test was used to assess socio-demographic factors that predict dentists’ unwillingness decision.

Results
Two-hundred and forty-five dentists participated in this survey. Among those, 25.6 and 19.3% were unwilling to perform dental extractions and aerosol-generating restorative dental treatments for patients infected with HCV, respectively. Dentists’ clinical experience was a significant predictor of their unwillingness decision, with those of shorter clinical experience expressing greater reluctance than their counterparts (OR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.02–2.54; p = 0.042).

Conclusion
Patients infected with HCV who need dental care could face rejection by early career dentists, particularly if that treatment is a surgical one. Fresh dental graduates should be made aware of their ethical and legal responsibilities towards patients with infectious diseases, particularly HCV.
Cyberbullying detection: advanced preprocessing techniques & deep learning architecture for Roman Urdu data
Authors: Dewani Amirita , Memon Mohsin Ali , Bhatti Sania 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSocial media have become a very viable medium for communication, collaboration, exchange of information, knowledge, and ideas. However, due to anonymity preservation, the incidents of hate speech and cyberbullying have been diversified across the globe. This intimidating problem has recently sought the attention of researchers and scholars worldwide and studies have been undertaken to formulate solution strategies for automatic detection of cyberaggression and hate speech, varying from machine learning models with vast features to more complex deep neural network models and different SN platforms. However, the existing research is directed towards mature languages and highlights a huge gap in newly embraced resource poor languages. One such language that has been recently adopted worldwide and more specifically by south Asian countries for communication on social media is Roman Urdu i-e Urdu language written using Roman scripting. To address this research gap, we have performed extensive preprocessing on Roman Urdu microtext. This typically involves formation of Roman Urdu slang- phrase dictionary and mapping slangs after tokenization. We have also eliminated cyberbullying domain specific stop words for dimensionality reduction of corpus. The unstructured data were further processed to handle encoded text formats and metadata/non-linguistic features. Furthermore, we performed extensive experiments by implementing RNN-LSTM, RNN-BiLSTM and CNN models varying epochs executions, model layers and tuning hyperparameters to analyze and uncover cyberbullying textual patterns in Roman Urdu. The efficiency and performance of models were evaluated using different metrics to present the comparative analysis. Results highlight that RNN-LSTM and RNN-BiLSTM performed best and achieved validation accuracy of 85.5 and 85% whereas F1 score was 0.7 and 0.67 respectively over aggression class.