bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Shared Adjustment
Authors: Boscheck Ralf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy April 2021, the COVID-19 crisis in Europe had reached a magnitude that, in the eyes of some observers, either deepened lingering divides and threatened the EU’s very existence, or, conversely, forced the Union to address the fundamental flaws of its euro area and provided an opportunity to reboot. From the outset, the EU had to confront fundamental challenges that require coordination; however, decentralised coordination is best as it improves the quality of policy, economic efficiency and civic virtues. While some argue for a debt union to provide the answer to the EU’s call for shared adjustment, a solution should rather be sought in economic reform, accountability and enforcement of constitutional commitments.
The ECB’s New Monetary Policy Strategy
Authors: Hennecke Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ECB updated its monetary policy strategy for the first time in 18 years in July 2021. Therein, the ECB announced that it is willing to accept a transitory period of moderate inflation overshoot in its efforts to push inflation upwards after a long period of undershooting its target. This study explores whether such an overshoot can be economically justified employing a simple Phillips curve model. The results point to the conclusion that the average inflation rate over the business cycle consolidated about one percentage point below the ECB’s target rate. A temporary asymmetry of the ECB’s monetary strategy seems therefore justified to realign inflation and inflation expectations with the target rate.
Any Signs of Green Growth? A Spatial Panel Analysis of Regional Air Pollution in South Korea
Authors: Hille Erik , Lambernd Bernhard , Tiwari Aviral K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFocusing on air emissions in South Korean provinces, we investigate whether economic growth has become greener since the implementation of the national green growth strategy in 2009. Given the relevance of regional elements in the economic and environmental policies, the focus lies on spatial aspects. That is, spillovers from nearby provinces are controlled for in a SLX model by means of the Han–Phillips estimator for dynamic panel data. Our results suggest mainly the existence of inverted N-shaped Environmental Kuznets curves for sulfur oxides (SOX) and total suspended particles (TSP). As the curves initially decrease strongly with increasing income, the main cleanup is achieved with the mean income level. However, abatement of the remaining TSP emissions only takes place at higher income levels. While the fixed effects estimations indicate that per capita SOX and TSP emissions have been significantly lower since 2009, the effects vanish once spatial interactions are taken into account and no evidence is found that regional economic growth has become greener. Apart from economic growth, population density and energy consumption are the main drivers of emission changes, with the latter having robust spatial spillovers. The respective spatial interactions decrease with increasing distance and become insignificant after 150 km.
From Distance Learning to Integrated Digital Learning: A Fuzzy Cognitive Analysis Focused on Engagement, Motivation, and Participation During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Capone Roberto , Lepore Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on Distance Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve students’ motivation, participation, and engagement, trying to contain the drop-out phenomenon. Distance Learning at the time of COVID-19 is an educational methodology and it can be considered the only occasion to keep an educational connection between students and teachers. Experimentation in a Mathematics STEM class was carried out evaluating the impact of Distance Learning on students’ levels of motivation, participation, and engagement, computed through a Fuzzy Cognitive Map. Specifically, it was performed on some affective and interaction parameters derived from using an adaptive e-learning platform and from the answers of a semi-structured questionnaire. The results, which have been analysed through Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Instrumental Genesis theories, show on one hand that Distance Learning is valid as an additional and support methodology but, on the other hand, they highlight the ineffectiveness of completely remote teaching. Therefore, a teaching method that integrates moments of distance teaching with activities carried out in the presence, in the classroom, or in other university environments, is hoped to be used as soon as the emergency is over: a mix of styles, a fluid flow of knowledge between the physical classroom and the virtual classroom. We will call this Integrated Digital Learning.
Führung in Zeiten der Ungewissheit – die Rolle einer konstruktiven Fehlermanagement- und Vertrauenskultur als Ressource in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Rascher Stephanie 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungKrisen belasten Organisationen und die darin arbeitenden Menschen nicht nur aufgrund ihrer unvorhersehbaren Veränderungen und ständigen Unsicherheit. Sie konfrontieren uns auch mit den Schwächen unseres Systems und zeigen Schwachstellen auf, die im Normalbetrieb unserer Arbeitswelt meist noch kaschiert werden können. Präsente Führung ist in einer solchen Zeit der Ungewissheit umso wichtiger. Doch auch Führungskräfte stehen unter solchen Bedingungen vor der Herausforderung, wie sie vor dem Hintergrund fehlender oder sich ständig verändernder Informationen mit ihren Mitarbeitern kommunizieren sollen, wie sie die Zusammenarbeit in ihren Teams strukturieren und welche Maßnahmen sie auf Ebene der Organisation ergreifen sollen. In diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird der Einfluss einer konstruktiven Fehlermanagement- und Vertrauenskultur unter Unsicherheit diskutiert. Es werden verschiedene Handlungsstrategien auf Ebene des einzelnen Mitarbeiters, des Teams und der Organisation aufgezeigt, wie Führungskräfte in Zeiten der Ungewissheit für Orientierung, Sicherheit und eine konstruktive Fehlermanagement- und Vertrauenskultur sorgen können.
Robotic versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Solaini Leonardo , Cavaliere Davide , Avanzolini Andrea , Rocco Giuseppe , Ercolani Giorgio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the latest evidence on the robotic approach (RHR) for inguinal hernia repair comparing the pooled outcome of this technique with those of the standard laparoscopic procedure (LHR). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for studies published between 2010 and 2021 concerning the comparison between RHR versus LHR. After screening 582 articles, 9 articles with a total of 64,426 patients (7589 RHRs) were eligible for inclusion. Among preoperative variables, a pooled higher ratio of ASA > 2 patients was found in the robotic group (12.4 vs 8.6%, p < 0.001). Unilateral hernia repair was more common in the laparoscopic group (79.9 vs 68.1, p < 0.001). Overall, operative time was longer in the robotic group (160 vs 90 min, p < 0.001); this was confirmed also in the sub-analysis on unilateral procedures (88 vs 68 min, p = 0.040). The operative time for robotic bilateral repair was similar to the laparoscopic one (111 vs 100, p = 0.797). Conversion to open surgery was 0% in the robotic group. The pooled rate of chronic pain and postoperative complications was similar between the groups. The standardized mean difference MD of the costs between LHR versus RHR was − 3270$ (95% CI – 4757 to − 1782, p < 0.001). In conclusion, laparoscopic and robotic inguinal hernia repair have similar safety parameters and postoperative outcomes. Robotic approach may require longer operative time if the unilateral repair is performed. Costs are higher in the robotic group.
What Future for Evolutionary Biology? Response to Commentaries on “The Illusions of the Modern Synthesis”
Authors: Noble Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The extensive range and depth of the twenty commentaries on my target article (Noble, 2021) confirms that something has gone deeply wrong in biology. A wide range of biologists has more than met my invitation for “others to pitch in and develop or counter my arguments.” The commentaries greatly develop those arguments. Also remarkably, none raise issues I would seriously disagree with. I will focus first on the more critical comments, summarise the other comments, and then point the way forward on what I view as a necessary and long-overdue transition in the foundations of biology.
Kutane Leishmaniasis
Authors: Urban N. , Walochnik J. , Handisurya A. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Leishmaniasis ist eine weltweit verbreitete, durch protozoische Parasiten der Gattung Leishmania hervorgerufene und durch Sandmücken übertragene Infektionskrankheit. Bislang sind mehr als 20 humanpathogene Leishmanien-Spezies bekannt, die gemäß ihren Verbreitungsgebieten in sog. Alte-Welt- (Afrika, Asien, Mittelmeerraum) und Neue-Welt-Arten (Mittel- und Südamerika) unterteilt werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Leishmanien-Spezies sowie der Immunitätslage des Befallenen kann das durch die Infektion verursachte Krankheitsbild vielfältig sein. An der häufigsten Form, der kutanen Leishmaniasis, welche typischerweise Papeln, Knoten und Ulzera mit narbiger Abheilung der Haut verursacht, erkranken weltweit jährlich bis zu 1,2 Mio. Menschen. Die Hauptverbreitungsgebiete stellen der Nahe und Mittlere Osten, Zentralasien, Afrika sowie Mittel- und Südamerika dar. In den letzten Jahren wird jedoch auch eine Zunahme der Inzidenz in Europa beobachtet. Diese könnte auf einer vermehrten Reisetätigkeit und Migration aus Endemiegebieten sowie einer zunehmenden Verbreitung der Vektoren, bedingt durch Klimaveränderungen, Globalisierung und Urbanisierung, beruhen. Beweisend für die Diagnosestellung ist der Nachweis der Leishmanien oder der Leishmanien-DNS im Gewebe. Aufgrund der speziesspezifischen Therapieempfehlungen ist die Bestimmung der Erregerspezies von großer Bedeutung. Zur Behandlung der kutanen Leishmaniasis stehen verschiedene lokale und systemische Therapeutika zur Verfügung.
Zur Mitgliederentwicklung im organisierten Sport und der Abschätzung von pandemiebedingten Folgen
Authors: Thieme Lutz , Wallrodt Sören 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungGemessen an anderen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen werden zentrale Größen der Entwicklung von Sportvereinen bislang nur rudimentär verfolgt. Dies gilt auch für die Mitgliederentwicklung, die infolge der Corona-Pandemie in den letzten Monaten stärker ins Blickfeld der Öffentlichkeit geraten ist. In diesem Zusammenhang sind jedoch unterkomplexe Interpretationen zu konstatieren. Für Veränderungen wird nahezu ausschließlich die Pandemie verantwortlich gemacht. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten Mitgliederdaten auf Ebene von Sportvereinen und Sportverbänden bieten und welche Analysen bislang noch weitgehend ungenutzt geblieben sind.
Emerging technology approach for extractability and stability of betalains from the peel of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Zin Moh Moh , Bánvölgyi Szilvia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBetalains are natural color compounds with high water affinity, unstable, and fragile; hence, understanding their thermal tolerance is always beneficial either in manufacturing them or in their application in betalain-rich functional foods for better handling. In our study, the extractability of betalains via microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) from the peel of beetroot was implemented at 100–800 W for 30–150 s with four different solvents. Among the maximum amounts of total betalains (202.08 ± 2.23 mg/100 g FW), betacyanin (115.89 ± 1.08 mg/100 g FW) and betaxanthin (86.21 ± 1.16 mg/100 g FW) were generated by pure water solvent after 150 s of MAE at 800 W. Alternatively, the susceptibility of beetroot peel extracts to processing conditions was investigated by heating them at 30–70 °C, and the thermal instability of betalains was evaluated by half-life (t1/2), temperature quotient (Q10), and activation energy (Ea), using the Arrhenius equation. The resulted retention percentage (R%) proved that ascorbic acid improved the R% of total betalains from 22 to 51% and betacyanin from 3 to 29% and in contrast reduced R% of betaxanthin from 56 to 40% after the heat treatment at 70 °C for 5 h.
Return of crop residues to arable land stimulates N2O emission but mitigates NO3− leaching: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhijie , Reichel Rüdiger , Xu Zhenfeng , Vereecken Harry , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncorporation of crop residues into the soil has been widely recommended as an effective method to sustain soil fertility and improve soil carbon sequestration in arable lands. However, it may lead to an increase in the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3−) to groundwater due to higher nitrogen (N) availability after crop residue incorporation. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 345 observations from 90 peer-reviewed studies to evaluate the effects of crop residue return on soil N2O emissions and NO3− leaching for different locations, climatic and soil conditions, and agricultural management strategies. On average, crop residue incorporation significantly stimulated N2O emissions by 29.7%, but decreased NO3− leaching by 14.4%. The increase in N2O emissions was negatively and significantly correlated with mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, and with the most significant changes occurring in the temperate climate zone. Crop residues stimulated N2O emission mainly in soils with pH ranging between 5.5 and 6.5, or above 7.5 in soils with low clay content. In addition, crop residue application decreased NO3− leaching significantly in soils with sandy loam, silty clay loam, and silt loam textures. Our analysis reveals that an appropriate crop residue management adapted to the site-specific soil and environmental conditions is critical for increasing soil organic carbon stocks and decreasing nitrogen losses. The most important novel finding is that residue return, despite stimulation of N2O emissions, is particularly effective in reducing NO3− leaching in soils with loamy texture, which are generally among the most productive arable soils.
February orchid cover crop improves sustainability of cotton production systems in the Yellow River basin
Authors: Wang Zhanbiao , Zhai Lichao , Xiong Shiwu , Li Xiaofei , Han Yingchun , Wang Guoping , Feng Lu , Fan Zhengyi , Lei Yaping , Yang Beifang , Xing Fangfang , Xin Minghua , Du Wenli , Li Yabing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCotton-winter fallow is the major cropping system of cotton in the Yellow River basin of China, which not only leads to a considerable waste of land and natural resources, but also high greenhouse emissions and a loss of reactive nitrogen. Replacing winter bare fallow in cotton production with February orchid as a cover crop is a new cropping system in this area, but its sustainability is still unknown. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted with two cropping systems (cotton-winter fallow and cotton-February orchid) under four nitrogen application rates (0, 112.5, 168.75, and 225 kg N ha−1). Field observations were incorporated into a life cycle assessment to estimate the carbon footprint, nitrogen footprint, net ecosystem economic benefits, and economic benefits. The estimated carbon footprint per unit of sown area was 43.6–76.1% lower in the cotton-February orchid system than in the cotton-winter fallow system, mainly because of the increase in soil organic carbon. The cotton-February orchid system significantly increased the nitrogen footprint per unit of sown area by 6.7–11.5% under different application rates mainly because of the increase in N2O emissions. The nitrogen application rate significantly impacted the carbon and nitrogen footprints. After accounting for changes in the nitrogen and carbon footprints, the cotton-February orchid system with 168.75 kg N ha−1, which resulted in the highest net ecosystem economic benefits and economic benefits, resulted in a 25.0% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer applied and a 9.5% increase in net ecosystem economic benefits compared with the conventional cotton-winter fallow system and nitrogen fertilizer application rate (225.75 kg N ha−1). Thus, adopting an integrated strategy combining February orchid as a cover crop and a reduced nitrogen fertilizer application contributes to improvements in green and sustainable cotton production systems in the Yellow River basin and other regions with similar ecological conditions.
Theory in quality improvement and patient safety education: A&nbsp;scoping review
Authors: Goldman Joanne , Smeraglio Andrea , Lo Lisha , Kuper Ayelet , Wong Brian M. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Theory plays an important role in education programming and research. However, its use in quality improvement and patient safety education has yet to be fully characterized. The authors undertook a scoping review to examine the use of theory in quality improvement and patient safety education.
Methods Eligible articles used theory to inform the design or study of a quality improvement or patient safety curriculum. The authors followed scoping review methodology and searched articles referenced in 20 systematic reviews of quality improvement and patient safety education, or articles citing one of these reviews, and hand searched eligible article references. Data analysis involved descriptive and interpretive summaries of theories used and the perspectives the theories offered.
Results Eligibility criteria were met by 28 articles, and 102 articles made superficial mention of theory. Eligible articles varied in professional group, learning stage and journal type. Theories fell into two broad categories: learning theories (n = 20) and social science theories (n = 11). Theory was used in the design (n = 12) or study (n = 17) of quality improvement and patient safety education. The range of theories shows the opportunity afforded by using more than one type of theory.
Discussion Theory can guide decisions regarding quality improvement and patient safety education practices or play a role in selecting a methodology or lens through which to study educational processes and outcomes.
Copyright and Artificial Creation: Does EU Copyright Law Protect AI-Assisted Output?
Authors: Hugenholtz P. Bernt , Quintais João Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article queries whether and to what extent works produced with the aid of AI systems – AI-assisted output – are protected under EU copyright standards. We carry out a doctrinal legal analysis to scrutinise the concepts of “work”, “originality” and “creative freedom”, as well as the notion of authorship, as set forth in the EU copyright acquis and developed in the case-law of the Court of Justice. On this basis, we develop a four-step test to assess whether AI-assisted output qualifies as an original work of authorship under EU law, and how the existing rules on authorship may apply. Our conclusion is that current EU copyright rules are generally suitable and sufficiently flexible to deal with the challenges posed by AI-assisted output.
How to handle negative interest rates in a CIR framework
Authors: Di Francesco Marco , Kamm Kevin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new model to address the problem of negative interest rates that preserves the analytical tractability of the original Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) model without introducing a shift to the market interest rates, because it is defined as the difference of two independent CIR processes. The strength of our model lies within the fact that it is very simple and can be calibrated to the market zero yield curve using an analytical formula. We run several numerical experiments at two different dates, once with a partially sub-zero interest rate and once with a fully negative interest rate. In both cases, we obtain good results in the sense that the model reproduces the market term structures very well. We then simulate the model using the Euler–Maruyama scheme and examine the mean, variance and distribution of the model. The latter agrees with the skewness and fat tail seen in the original CIR model. In addition, we compare the model’s zero coupon prices with market prices at different future points in time. Finally, we test the market consistency of the model by evaluating swaptions with different tenors and maturities.
Verfügbarkeit und Zielsetzungen digitalisierungsbezogener Lehrkräftefortbildungen für naturwissenschaftliche Lehrkräfte in Deutschland
Authors: Diepolder Charlotte , Weitzel Holger , Huwer Johannes , Lukas Sarah 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungLehrkräfte sind essentiell für die Integration digitaler Technologien in Schule und Unterricht. Ihre Qualifizierung für diese Aufgabe ist daher in allen Phasen der Lehrkräfteausbildung von zentraler Bedeutung, zumal nur etwa ein Drittel der derzeit im aktiven Schuldienst befindlichen Lehrkräfte während des Studiums Lerngelegenheiten zu einem digitalisierungsbezogenen Kompetenzaufbau hatte. Trotz des Wunsches nach einer digitalisierungsbezogenen Qualifikation besuchen deutsche Lehrkräfte jedoch vergleichsweise selten Fortbildungen. Neben fehlender Passung des Fortbildungsangebots könnte für diese Diskrepanz ein unzureichendes Angebot verantwortlich sein. Wir untersuchen in dieser Studie, welche Fortbildungsangebote in 12 von 16 Bundesländern explizit für naturwissenschaftliche Lehrkräfte über staatliche Fortbildungskataloge angeboten wurden, welche Kompetenzbereiche des Orientierungsrahmens „Digitale Kompetenzen für das Lehramt in den Naturwissenschaften“ (DiKoLAN) die Fortbildungen adressieren und inwieweit die in den Fortbildungen adressierten didaktischen Funktionen die Lehrkräfte bei der Ausbringung von Distanzunterricht während der Schulschließungen 2020 hätten unterstützen können. Insgesamt werden 90 Fortbildungen identifiziert und damit zu wenige, um die Zielsetzungen der Kultusminister Konferenz-Strategie „Bildung in der digitalen Welt“ angemessen zu verfolgen. Aus den Angeboten lassen sich kaum Hinweise auf Faktoren ablesen, die der individuellen Lehrkraft einen kumulativen Kompetenzaufbau ermöglichen. Fast alle Fortbildungsangebote adressieren für Naturwissenschaftslehrkräfte relevante Kompetenzbereiche des DiKoLAN-Orientierungsrahmens, ein Teil ist geeignet, Lehrkräfte die didaktischen Funktionen zu vermitteln, die auch bei der Ausbringung von Distanzunterricht genutzt werden können.