bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consuming Different Structural Parts of Bamboo Induce Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Giant Pandas
Authors: Yan Zheng , Xu Qin , Hsu Walter H. , Esser Stephan Schmitz , Ayala James , Hou Rong , Yao Ying , Jiang Dandan , Yuan Shibin , Wang Hairui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiant pandas consume different structural parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and culms) during different seasons. Previous research showed different bamboo parts have varying nutritional content and that a long-term diet consisting of a single part of bamboo resulted in remarkable metabolic changes within captive giant pandas. However, the effects on the gut microbiome of giant pandas, as a result of a single bamboo part diet, have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the changes in gut microbial communities based on single bamboo part diets and their potential implications by using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing. We found that the composition and function of the gut microbiome from captive giant pandas fed exclusively culms were significantly different from that of individuals fed shoots or leaves. During the culm feeding period, the gut microbiome showed strongest digestive capabilities for cellulose, hemicellulose and starch, and had the highest potential abilities for the biosynthesis of bile acids, fatty acids and amino acids. This suggests the microbiome aids in breaking down culm, which is more difficult for giant pandas to digest, as a means to compensate for the nutrient poor content of the culm. Genes related to fatty acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were more abundant during the leaf stage diet than that in the shoot and culm stages. Thus, the microbiome may help giant pandas, which typically have low lipase levels, with fat digestion. These results illustrate that adaptive changes in the gut microbiome community and function may be an important mechanism to aid giant panda digestion when consuming different structural parts of bamboo.
A phenomenological spiking model for octopus cells in the posterior–ventral cochlear nucleus
Authors: Rebhan Michael , Leibold Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOctopus cells in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus exhibit characteristic onset responses to broad band transients but are little investigated in response to more complex sound stimuli. In this paper, we propose a phenomenological, but biophysically motivated, modeling approach that allows to simulate responses of large populations of octopus cells to arbitrary sound pressure waves. The model depends on only few parameters and reproduces basic physiological characteristics like onset firing and phase locking to amplitude modulations. Simulated responses to speech stimuli suggest that octopus cells are particularly sensitive to high-frequency transients in natural sounds and their sustained firing to phonemes provides a population code for sound level.
Forty years after the first totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) implant: the pure surgical cut-down technique only avoids immediate complications that can be fatal
Authors: Toro Adriana , Schembari Elena , Fontana Emanuele Gaspare , Di Saverio Salomone , Di Carlo Isidoro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
Even though TIVADs have been implanted for a long time, immediate complications are still occurring. The aim of this work was to review different techniques of placing TIVAD implants to evaluate the aetiology of immediate complications.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The patient numbers, number of implanted devices, specialists involved, implant techniques, implant sites and immediate complication onsets were studied.

Results
Of the 1256 manuscripts reviewed, 36 were eligible for inclusion in the study, for a total of 17,388 patients with equivalent TIVAD implantation. A total of 2745 patients (15.8%) were treated with a surgical technique and 14,643 patients (84.2%) were treated with a percutaneous technique. Of the 2745 devices (15.8%) implanted by a surgical technique, 1721 devices (62.7%) were placed in the cephalic vein (CFV). Of the 14,643 implants (84.2%) placed with a percutaneous technique, 5784 devices (39.5%) were placed in the internal jugular vein (IJV), and 5321 devices (36.3%) were placed in the subclavian vein (SCV). The number of immediate complications in patients undergoing surgical techniques was 32 (1.2%) HMMs. In patients treated with a percutaneous technique, the number of total complications were 333 (2.8%): 71 PNX (0.5%), 2 HMT (0.01%), 175 accidental artery punctures AAP (1.2%) and 85 HMM (0.6%). No mortality was reported with either technique.

Conclusion
The percutaneous approach is currently the most commonly used technique to implant a TIVAD, but despite specialist’s best efforts, immediate complications are still occurring. Surgical cut-down, 40 years after the first implant, is still the only technique that can avoid all of the immediate complications that can be fatal.
Scheduling in the Random-Order Model
Authors: Albers Susanne , Janke Maximilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMakespan minimization on identical machines is a fundamental problem in online scheduling. The goal is to assign a sequence of jobs to m identical parallel machines so as to minimize the maximum completion time of any job. Already in the 1960s, Graham showed that Greedy is $$(2-1/m)$$

(
2
-
1
/
m
)

-competitive. The best deterministic online algorithm currently known achieves a competitive ratio of 1.9201. No deterministic online strategy can obtain a competitiveness smaller than 1.88. In this paper, we study online makespan minimization in the popular random-order model, where the jobs of a given input arrive as a random permutation. It is known that Greedy does not attain a competitive factor asymptotically smaller than 2 in this setting. We present the first improved performance guarantees. Specifically, we develop a deterministic online algorithm that achieves a competitive ratio of 1.8478. The result relies on a new analysis approach. We identify a set of properties that a random permutation of the input jobs satisfies with high probability. Then we conduct a worst-case analysis of our algorithm, for the respective class of permutations. The analysis implies that the stated competitiveness holds not only in expectation but with high probability. Moreover, it provides mathematical evidence that job sequences leading to higher performance ratios are extremely rare, pathological inputs. We complement the results by lower bounds, for the random-order model. We show that no deterministic online algorithm can achieve a competitive ratio smaller than 4/3. Moreover, no deterministic online algorithm can attain a competitiveness smaller than 3/2 with high probability.
Computing the Sound of the Sea in a Seashell
Authors: Ben-Artzi Jonathan , Marletta Marco , Rösler Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe question of whether there exists an approximation procedure to compute the resonances of any Helmholtz resonator, regardless of its particular shape, is addressed. A positive answer is given, and it is shown that all that one has to assume is that the resonator chamber is bounded and that its boundary is $${{\mathcal {C}}}^2$$

C

2

. The proof is constructive, providing a universal algorithm which only needs to access the values of the characteristic function of the chamber at any requested point.
How to train your differentiable filter
Authors: Kloss Alina , Martius Georg , Bohg Jeannette 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn many robotic applications, it is crucial to maintain a belief about the state of a system, which serves as input for planning and decision making and provides feedback during task execution. Bayesian Filtering algorithms address this state estimation problem, but they require models of process dynamics and sensory observations and the respective noise characteristics of these models. Recently, multiple works have demonstrated that these models can be learned by end-to-end training through differentiable versions of recursive filtering algorithms. In this work, we investigate the advantages of differentiable filters (DFs) over both unstructured learning approaches and manually-tuned filtering algorithms, and provide practical guidance to researchers interested in applying such differentiable filters. For this, we implement DFs with four different underlying filtering algorithms and compare them in extensive experiments. Specifically, we (i) evaluate different implementation choices and training approaches, (ii) investigate how well complex models of uncertainty can be learned in DFs, (iii) evaluate the effect of end-to-end training through DFs and (iv) compare the DFs among each other and to unstructured LSTM models.
Cost-efficiency assessments of marine monitoring methods lack rigor—a systematic mapping of literature and an end-user view on optimal cost-efficiency analysis
Authors: Hyvärinen Heini , Skyttä Annaliina , Jernberg Susanna , Meissner Kristian , Kuosa Harri , Uusitalo Laura 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobal deterioration of marine ecosystems, together with increasing pressure to use them, has created a demand for new, more efficient and cost-efficient monitoring tools that enable assessing changes in the status of marine ecosystems. However, demonstrating the cost-efficiency of a monitoring method is not straightforward as there are no generally applicable guidelines. Our study provides a systematic literature mapping of methods and criteria that have been proposed or used since the year 2000 to evaluate the cost-efficiency of marine monitoring methods. We aimed to investigate these methods but discovered that examples of actual cost-efficiency assessments in literature were rare, contradicting the prevalent use of the term “cost-efficiency.” We identified five different ways to compare the cost-efficiency of a marine monitoring method: (1) the cost–benefit ratio, (2) comparative studies based on an experiment, (3) comparative studies based on a literature review, (4) comparisons with other methods based on literature, and (5) subjective comparisons with other methods based on experience or intuition. Because of the observed high frequency of insufficient cost–benefit assessments, we strongly advise that more attention is paid to the coverage of both cost and efficiency parameters when evaluating the actual cost-efficiency of novel methods. Our results emphasize the need to improve the reliability and comparability of cost-efficiency assessments. We provide guidelines for future initiatives to develop a cost-efficiency assessment framework and suggestions for more unified cost-efficiency criteria.
Mars and the ESA Science Programme - the case for Mars polar science
Authors: Thomas Nicolas , Becerra P. , Smith I. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent plans within the European Space Agency (ESA) for the future investigation of Mars (after the ExoMars programme) are centred around participation in the Mars Sample Return (MSR) programme led by NASA. This programme is housed within the Human and Robotic Exploration (HRE) Directorate of ESA. This White Paper, in response to the Voyage 2050 call, focuses on the important scientific objectives for the investigation of Mars outside the present HRE planning. The achievement of these objectives by Science Directorate missions is entirely consistent with ESA’s Science Programme. We illustrate this with a theme centred around the study of the Martian polar caps and the investigation of recent (Amazonian) climate change produced by known oscillations in Mars’ orbital parameters. Deciphering the record of climate contained within the polar caps would allow us to learn about the climatic evolution of another planet over the past few to hundreds of millions of years, and also addresses the more general goal of investigating volatile-related dynamic processes in the Solar System.
PI/PID controller stabilizing sets of uncertain nonlinear systems: an efficient surrogate model-based approach
Authors: Urrea-Quintero Jorge-Humberto , Fuhg Jan N. , Marino Michele , Fau Amélie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClosed forms of stabilizing sets are generally only available for linearized systems. An innovative numerical strategy to estimate stabilizing sets of PI or PID controllers tackling (uncertain) nonlinear systems is proposed. The stability of the closed-loop system is characterized by the sign of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). In this framework, the bottleneck is the computational cost associated with the solution of the system, particularly including uncertainties. To overcome this issue, an adaptive surrogate algorithm, the Monte Carlo intersite Voronoi (MiVor) scheme, is adopted to pertinently explore the domain of the controller parameters and classify it into stable/unstable regions from a low number of nonlinear estimations. The result of the random analysis is a stochastic set providing probability information regarding the capabilities of PI or PID controllers to stabilize the nonlinear system and the risk of instabilities. The minimum of the LLE is proposed as tuning rule of the controller parameters. It is expected that using a tuning rule like this results in PID controllers producing the highest closed-loop convergence rate, thus being robust against model parametric uncertainties and capable of avoiding large fluctuating behavior. The capabilities of the innovative approach are demonstrated by estimating robust stabilizing sets for the blood glucose regulation problem in type 1 diabetes patients.
Communities of Practice in Acute and Forensic Psychiatry: Lessons Learned and Perceived Effects
Authors: Gerritsen Sylvia , Van Melle Anne Laura , Zomer Lieke Johanna Cornelia , Widdershoven Guy Antoine Marie , Voskes Yolande 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Netherlands, two new approaches have been developed for acute and forensic psychiatry, called High and Intensive Care (HIC) and Forensic High and Intensive Care (FHIC). The models provide standards for temporary high-quality clinical care for patients in crisis and combine practices to reduce seclusion. To support the implementation of these approaches, Communities of Practice (CoPs) were created, including peer providers, mental health nurses, psychiatrists and managers. CoPs are increasingly used in healthcare. However, CoPs vary greatly in form and objective, and more insight is needed in the organisation and facilitation of CoPs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to gain insight into the lessons learned and perceived effects of the CoPs. A qualitative approach was used. Data were collected through focus groups (n = 3) with participants in the CoPs, feedback meetings with teams implementing HIC (n = 78) or FHIC (n = 23), and observations by the researchers. Data were analysed thematically. Lessons learned are: 1) create an ambassador role for CoP participants, 2) organize concrete activities, 3) take care of a multidisciplinary composition, and 4) foster shared responsibility and work on sustainability. Perceived effects of the CoPs were: 1) support of HIC and FHIC implementation, 2) creation of a national movement, and 3) further development of the HIC and FHIC approaches. The audits served as an important vehicle to activate the CoPs, and stimulated the implementation of HIC and FHIC. The findings may help others in creating a CoP when it comes to the implementation of best practices and improving healthcare.
Orthogonal functions related to Lax pairs in Lie algebras
Authors: Groenevelt Wolter , Koelink Erik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study a Lax pair in a 2-parameter Lie algebra in various representations. The overlap coefficients of the eigenfunctions of L and the standard basis are given in terms of orthogonal polynomials and orthogonal functions. Eigenfunctions for the operator L for a Lax pair for $$\mathfrak {sl}(d+1,\mathbb {C})$$

sl
(
d
+
1
,
C
)

is studied in certain representations.
Libertarianism, Climate Change, and Individual Responsibility
Authors: Torpman Olle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMuch has been written about climate change from an ethical view in general, but less has been written about it from a libertarian point of view in particular. In this paper, I apply the libertarian moral theory to the problem of climate change. I focus on libertarianism’s implications for our individual emissions. I argue that (i) even if our individual emissions cause no harm to others, these emissions cross other people’s boundaries, (ii) although the boundary-crossings that are due to our ‘subsistence emissions’ are implicitly consented to by others, there is no such consent to our ‘non-subsistence emissions’, and (iii) there is no independent justification for these emissions. Although offsetting would provide such a justification, most emitters do not offset their non-subsistence emissions. Therefore, these emissions violate people’s rights, which means that they are impermissible according to libertarianism’s non-aggression principle.
Unity of the intellectual virtues
Authors: Wilson Alan T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe idea that moral virtues form some sort of “unity” has received considerable attention from virtue theorists. In this paper, I argue that the possibility of unity among intellectual virtues has been wrongly overlooked. My approach has two main components. First, I work to distinguish the variety of different views that are available under the description of a unity thesis. I suggest that these views can be categorised depending on whether they are versions ofstandard unityor ofstrong unity.Standard unityclaims that the possession of one virtue implies possession of all the others.Strong unityclaims that the virtues are, in some sense, all the same thing. By exploring what these different versions of unity would look like when applied to intellectual virtues, I aim to provide a menu of options for future work in virtue epistemology. I then develop and defend one of these options in more detail, arguing that the initially less plausiblestrong unityhas merit when applied to the intellectual sphere. In these two ways, I aim to show that the possibility of unity among the intellectual virtues is deserving of serious consideration.
Effects of temperature alteration on viscosity, polymerization, and in-vivo arterial distribution of N-butyl cyanoacrylate-iodized oil mixtures
Authors: Mine Takahiko , Yasui Daisuke , Saito Hidemasa , Ueda Tatsuo , Yokoyama Taro , Ikeda Shinpei , Mizushima Shohei , Happoh Seigoh , Kumita Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Temperature alteration can modify the polymerization of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)-iodized oil mixtures during vascular embolization; its effects on viscosity, polymerization time, and intra-arterial distribution of the NBCA-iodized oil mixture were investigated.

Materials and methods
In vitro, the viscosities of NBCA, iodized oil, and NBCA-iodized oil mixtures (ratio, 1:1–8) were measured at 4–60 ºC using a rotational rheometer. The polymerization times (from contact with blood plasma to stasis) were recorded at 0–60 ºC using a high-speed video camera. In vivo, the 1:2 mixture was injected into rabbit renal arteries at 0, 20, and 60 ºC; intra-arterial distribution of the mixture was pathologically evaluated.

Results
The mixtures’ viscosities decreased as temperature increased; those at 60 ºC were almost four to five times lower than those at 4 ºC. The polymerization time of NBCA and the 1:1–4 mixtures increased as temperature decreased in the 0–30 ºC range; the degree of time prolongation increased as the percentage of iodized oil decreased. The 0 ºC group demonstrated distributions of the mixture within more peripheral arterial branches than the 20 and 60 ºC groups.

Conclusion
Warming reduces the mixture’s viscosity; cooling prolongs polymerization. Both can be potential factors to improve the handling of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures for lesions requiring peripheral delivery.

Secondary abstract
Temperature alteration influences the polymerization time, viscosity, and intra-arterial distribution of NBCA-iodized oil mixtures. Warming reduces the viscosity of the mixture, while cooling prolongs polymerization.
Land systems’ asymmetries across transnational ecoregions in South America
Authors: Piquer-Rodríguez M. , Gasparri N. I. , Zarbá L. , Aráoz E. , Grau H. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe landscape configuration of socio-ecological land systems results from the interaction between the environmental conditions (relatively homogeneous within ecoregions) and country-level management and land-use decisions. However, social, land-use and sustainability research disciplines often study each independently. We used Euclidean distance analyses of five indicators of land systems functioning to explore the geographical patterns of across-border human-induced asymmetries in transnational ecoregions of South America. The most asymmetric transnational ecoregions occurred in the tropical rainforest biome which also showed the widest range of asymmetry values compared to other biomes. In contrast, transnational ecoregions in montane grasslands showed comparatively little asymmetries, and tropical dry forests showed intermediate asymmetry values. This pattern indicates that major asymmetries occur in land systems located in productive biomes with a comparatively recent history of development, whereas mature socio-ecosystems with a long history of human land use are more homogeneous across borders. In some cases, asymmetries may stabilize as a consequence of reinforcing feedbacks that promote contrasting land-use decisions across borders, including, for example, the establishment of protected areas, or the promotion of agro-industrial activities. Transnational socio-ecological land systems can be used to evaluate alternatives for sustainable development because they highlight the influence of institutions under different governance regimes in defining the spatial configuration and ecological properties of regions. We invite land-use and sustainability scientists to consider political border interactions as valuable “natural experiments” to better understand the interrelations between biophysical and political systems in defining planetary geographical-ecology in the Anthropocene.
Fluoride ions in groundwater of the Turkana County, Kenya, East Africa
Authors: Rusiniak Piotr , Sekuła Klaudia , Sracek Ondra , Stopa Piotr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGroundwater samples were evaluated throughout Turkana County (Kenya, East Africa) while looking for drinking water sources. Some samples showed high concentrations of fluoride with values in the range of 0.15–5.87 mg/L. Almost 50% of the samples exceeded the WHO and Kenyan potable water standard guideline value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water quality. The hydrogeochemical studies revealed that the dominant cation in water is Na+ and the dominant anion is HCO3− resulting in Na-HCO3 type of groundwater, followed by Ca/Mg-HCO3 or Na-SO4 and Na-Cl in a few cases. Speciation modelling revealed that the groundwater is undersaturated with respect to gypsum and anhydrite, mostly undersaturated with respect to fluorite (6 samples are at equilibrium), and supersaturated or at equilibrium with respect to calcite (CaCO3). Precipitation of calcite favours the dissolution of F-rich minerals in the alkaline medium. Simultaneously, groundwater is enriched with sodium and bicarbonate, probably as a result of chemical weathering of Na-feldspar. Investigated groundwater can be presumably used for drinking purposes from 17 wells, but a detailed investigation of other trace element concentrations is necessary.