bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Emwodew Delelegn , Tariku Binyam , Aschalew Getanew , Seid Elias , Hailegebreal Samuel , Desalegn Abel , Amede Endris Seid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 4,971 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting was found to be 36.86% in Ethiopian under-five children. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors determined the odds childhood stunting among under-five children. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of childhood stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of childhood stunting are recommended.
The Effect of Opioid-Free Anesthesia Protocol on the Early Quality of Recovery After Major Surgery (SOFA Trial): Study Protocol for a Prospective, Monocentric, Randomized, Single-Blinded Trial
Authors: Léger Maxime , Pessiot-Royer Solène , Perrault Tristan , Parot-Schinkel Elsa , Costerousse Fabienne , Rineau Emmanuel , Lasocki Sigismond 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the 2000s, Opioid Free Anesthesia (OFA) protocols have been spreading worldwide in anesthesia daily practice. These protocols avoid using opioid drugs during anesthesia to prevent short- and long-term opioid side effects while ensuring adequate analgesic control and optimizing postoperative recovery. Proofs of the effect of OFA protocol on optimizing postoperative recovery are still scarce. The study aims to compare the effects of an OFA protocol versus standard anesthesia protocol on the early quality of postoperative recovery (QoR) from major surgeries.
Methods
The SOFA trial is a prospective, randomized, parallel, single-blind, monocentric study. Patients (n = 140) scheduled for major plastic, visceral, urologic, gynecologic or ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeries will be allocated to one of the two groups. The study group (OFA group) will receive a combination of clonidine, magnesium sulfate, ketamine and lidocaine. The control group will receive a standard anesthesia protocol based on opioid use. Both groups will receive others standard practices for general anesthesia and perioperative care. The primary outcome measure is the QoR-15 value assessed at 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative data such as pain intensity, the incidence of postoperative complication, opioid consumption will be recorded. We will also collect adverse events that may be related to the anesthetic protocol. Three months after surgery, the incidence of chronic pain and the quality of life will be evaluated by phone interview.
Discussion
This will be the first study powered to evaluate the effect of OFA versus a standard anesthesia protocol using opioids on global postoperative recovery after a wide range of major surgeries. The SOFA trial will also provide findings concerning the OFA impact on chronic pain incidence and long-term patient quality of life.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04797312. Registered on 15 March 2021
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Synchronous Lung Metastases Upon Initial Metastatic Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Han Population
Authors: Lin Shaoyan , Mo Hongnan , Li Yiqun , Guan Xiuwen , Chen Yimeng , Wang Zijing , Xu Binghe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of breast cancer lung metastases (BCLM) patients at initial diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the Han population.
Methods
We attained clinical data of 3155 MBC patients initially diagnosed between April 2000 and September 2019 from the China National Cancer Center and finally included 2263 MBC patients in this study, among which 809 patients presented with lung metastases at first MBC diagnosis. The risk factors for BCLM were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the prognostic factors of BCLM patients were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.
Results
Patients with triple-negative subtype (42.3%) harbored the highest incidence proportions of lung metastases. Age ≥ 50 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2 and triple-negative subtype were remarkably associated with higher incidence of lung metastases, while N3, liver and bone metastases were significantly correlated with lower odds of lung metastases at diagnosis. The median survival of BCLM patients was 41.7 months, with triple-negative subtype experiencing the worst prognosis of 26.8 months. ECOG 2, N3, hormone receptor-negative (HR-)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2) + subtype, triple-negative subtype, liver metastases and bone metastases were significantly correlated with poor survival of BCLM patients.
Conclusions
Our study provides essential information on clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of BCLM patients at initial diagnosis of MBC in China.
Event-Related Oscillations in Dementia with Lewy Bodies with a Mutation in the GBA Gene
Authors: Rosenblum Yevgenia , Maidan Inbal , Goldstein Orly , Gana-Weisz Mali , Orr-Urtreger Avi , Bregman Noa , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat , Shiner Tamara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction. In dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), mutations in the GBA gene are associated with a more severe cognitive phenotype. In basic science, event-related oscillations have traditionally been used to explore the neurophysiological underpinnings of various aspects of cognitive performance. Here, we aimed to compare event-related oscillations in DLB patients who are carriers and non-carriers of GBA mutations.Method. EEG was recorded during a visual oddball task in eight clinically diagnosed Ashkenazi Jewish DLB patients with the N370S mutation in the GBA gene (GBA-DLB) and eleven DLB non-carriers. The time-frequency power and inter-trial phase coherence were calculated from the Morlet wavelet convolution from the Fz electrode.Results. Task performance and cognitive assessments were comparable between groups. While the within-non-GBA-DLB group analysis revealed a significant increase relative to the baseline in the delta-band power (p=0.01, Cohen's d=1.0), the within-GBA-DLB-group analysis did not detect any event-related power change. In contrast, both subgroups showed an increase relative to the baseline in the delta and theta bands inter-trial phase coherence (all p<0.03, d>1.3). The between-group analysis revealed that event-related power - but not coherence - was lower in GBA-DLB compared to non-carriers in the delta band (p=0.04, d=-0.9).Conclusions. GBA-DLB patients showed decreased delta-band power compared to non-carriers despite the similar cognitive performance, whereas inter-trial phase coherence was comparable in both groups. These findings suggest that in carriers, preserved inter-trial phase coherence possibly compensates for the impaired power by eliciting the appropriate functional configuration needed for stimulus processing and task performance.
Study on Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Weak Cemented Roof in Shallow and Extra Thick Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Pingsong , Yao Duoxi , Ou Yuancaho , Tian Yutong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Detecting the development height of water flowing fractured zone in the roof of coal seam is of great significance for the roof safety of working face with developed sandstone and thick loose layer. This paper analyzes the influence of the induced polarization effect of electrode on the traditional single-mode parallel electrical method. In order to avoid this interference, the dual-mode parallel electrical method is applied to monitor the roof deformation and failure of a coal mine in Ordos Basin. The monitoring results show that: under the influence of mining, the change of geoelectric field of coal seam roof is dynamic, the apparent resistivity of initial mining fracture is high, the apparent resistivity of surrounding rock water filling mining fracture is low, and the apparent resistivity of fracture water flowing to goaf is high again. According to the characteristics of geoelectric field, the maximum height of water flowing fracture zone is 122 M; The average mining coal thickness of the working face is 11 m, and the fracture / mining thickness ratio is 11.1. The results of plastic zone show that the maximum height of water flowing fractured zone above the working face is 122 m, which is consistent with the test results. The vertical stress response characteristics of roof monitoring points are zonal. Under the influence of mining, the loose layer near the surface above the working face is cracked. The edge type ground fissures exist for a long time, and there are a series of geological problems such as soil erosion, ground subsidence.
Credit Scoring Model in Imbalanced Data Based on CNN-ATCN
Authors: Peng Baicheng , Zhang Anqin , Zhang Ting 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the rapid growth of credit card and personal loan in finance industry, how to detect a potential default or bad debt with limited information has become extremely crucial. Meanwhile, one of the troublesome challenges in the field of credit scoring is the lack of positive samples. In this paper, we firstly introduced the idea of conditional tabular generative adversarial network(CTGAN) to generate sufficient default transactions into the origin data. Then we proposed a hybrid ensemble learning model based on CNN-ATCN to extract static features and dynamic features simultaneously, which CNN was utilized for finance attribute learning while the TCN with attention mechanism was used for extracting temporal dependencies from data. And LR, XGBoost, Adaboost, Random Forest are regarded as heterogeneous individual learners to form a stacking machine to output the classification results. We verified the designed default risk prediction model in two real world datasets. The results of the experiment indicate that CTGAN can effectively solve the data imbalance problem and the proposed CNN-ATCN model outperforms other state-of-art deep learning models in various way of metrics.
Geochemistry of Street Dust in Tyumen, Russia: Influence of Traffic Load
Authors: Moskovchenko Dmitriy , Pozhitkov Roman , Ukarkhanova Dzhamilya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of studying the composition of road dust in Tyumen, a large city in Western Siberia. On roads with different traffic intensities, 50 dust samples were taken, in which the particle size distribution, pH, and organic carbon content were determined. The content of 62 major and trace elements was studied using atomic emission spectrometry (AES-MS) и inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was revealed that the dust has an alkaline reaction pH = 7.4 - 10.2, low organic carbon content (0.07 - 2.9%). The particle size distribution is dominated by particles PM = 100-250. The content of small particles (PM <2 and PM2-10) representing the greatest environmental hazard is minimal on roads with an average traffic intensity. Studies have shown that the main road dust pollutants in Tyumen are Ni, Sb, Cr, Zn, Co. The average geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values ​​are ranked as Ni (2.2) > Sb (1.5) > Cr (1.3) > Zn (0.4) > Co (0.4) > Cu (0.2). The contamination evaluation through enrichment factor (EF) calculation showed that road dust is highly enriched in Ni and significantly in Cr and Sb. More than 80% of Zn, Co, Cu and more than 90% of Ni, Sb, Cr come from anthropogenic sources. By the content of Ni and Cr, Tyumen surpasses all cities of the Earth where similar studies were carried out. The high Ni content is associated with the composition of local soils and roadways, increased content in vehicle exhaust gases, and abrasion of metal parts. Calculations of the total pollution indices (IPI and Zc) showed that the level of road dust pollution in most of Tyumen's territory is average, moderately hazardous.
Quality Monitoring of Assembled Products by Defect Prediction Models
Authors: Verna Elisa , Genta Gianfranco , Galetto Maurizio , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Typically, monitoring quality characteristics of very personalized products is a difficult task due to the lack of experimental data. This is the typical case of processes where the production volume continues to shrink due to the growing complexity and customization of products, thus requiring low-volume productions. This paper presents a novel approach to statistically monitor Defects Per Unit (DPU) of assembled products based on the use of defect prediction models. Unlike traditional control charts requiring preliminary experimental data to estimate the control limits (phase I), the proposed DPU-chart is constructed using a predictive model based on a priori knowledge of DPU. This defect prediction model is built on the structural complexity of assembled product. The novel approach may be of interest to researchers and practitioners to speed up the construction of the chart, especially in cases of low-volume productions due to the limited amount of data. The description of the method is supported by a real industrial case study in the electromechanical field.
Removal of U (VI) From Aqueous Solution By Effective Bio-Adsorbent From Walnut Shell And Cellulose Composites Stabilized Iron Sulfide Nanoparticle
Authors: Wang Huifang , Liu Renrong , Han Li , Hu Baowei , Qiu Muqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
FeS nanoparticles were easily aggregated and oxidized in the natural environment due to van der Waals forces between nanoparticles. Biochar could be used as a carrier to inhibit the agglomeration and oxidization of FeS nanoparticles. An efficient bio-adsorbent (CFeS-WS) from walnut shell (WS) and cellulose composites stabilized iron sulfide nanoparticle was synthesized by the modified method. It also was determined by SEM, EDS, XRD and FT-IR, respectively. The removal of U(VI) ions from aqueous solution by CFeS-WS were conducted. The reaction mechanism between CFeS-WS and U(VI) ions also were discussed in details. The experimental results were showed that the biochar successfully was supported with cellulose/FeS composites (CFeS). CFeS-WS exhibited an excellent removal performance for U(VI) ions in solution. The adsorption process of U(VI) ions by CFeS-WS was more consistent with pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The proposed reaction mechanism of U(VI) ions removal by CFeS-WS mainly consisted of ion exchange reaction, reduction reaction, hydrogen bonding and functional group, and pore of adsorbent filling. Recycle experiment indicated that CFeS-WS was a cost-effective bio-adsorbent.
The complexity of the relationship between spontaneous brain activity
and glucose metabolism
Authors: Volpi Tommaso , Silvestri Erica , Aiello Marco , Corbetta Maurizio , Bertoldo Alessandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Brain glucose metabolism as assessed by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to be significantly related to resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) activity and functional connectivity (FC), but the underlying coupling model is still incompletely understood. Employing simultaneous acquisitions, we related [18F]FDG standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) to 50 features pertaining to rs-fMRI 1) signal, 2) hemodynamic response, 3) static and 4) time-varying FC, and 5) phase synchronization. To assess which rs-fMRI variables better describe SUVR across regions, we employed a hierarchical approach, identifying the model at population level, and then estimating it on individual data. Multilevel modelling explained around 40% of the SUVR variance, with signal-related features as the most relevant fMRI variables. When the model was used to characterize between-network variability of the SUVR-fMRI coupling, the ranking changed. We demonstrate that local activity and synchronization are the most important predictors of glucose metabolism, while large-scale FC properties gain importance within specific networks.
Cocrystals of Ethenzamide With 2-Nitrobenzoic Acid - Conformational Analysis, MD Simulations And DFT Investigations
Authors: Mary Y. Sheena , Mary Y. Shyma , Razavi Razieh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In crystal engineering and pharmaceutical chemistry, cocrystals have a wide range of applications. Ethenzamide (EA) is found to form cocrystal with 2-nitrobenzoic acid (NBA). Geometry properties like stability energy, charge distribution, bond length, electronic properties and thermodynamic characteristics have been analyzed. The C-H…O hydrogen bond involves C-H of EA and oxygen of NBA. Configuration with the angle, N3-C4-C5-C6 gives the lowest energy conformation. Partition coefficient value suggests that EA-NBA has pharmaceutics behavior. RMSD values show the simulation’s relative stability and the complexes, remained stable throughout.
Argon- and nitrogen-plasma pulses decrease facial sebum excretion in oily human skin by regulating lipogenesis and proliferation in human sebocytes
Authors: Cho Sung Bin , Lee Seung-Ju , Yoo Dae San , Kim Song-Ee , Zouboulis Christos C. , Lee Sang Eun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although several energy devices targeting sebaceous glands have been developed, an effective and safe therapeutic tool for hyperseborrhea is needed. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma (NTAPP) induces microscopic tissue reactions in sebaceous glands of rat skin in vivo. Fifteen healthy volunteers with oily facial skin underwent three sessions of argon- and nitrogen-NTAPP treatment. The casual sebum level, sebum excretion rate, porphyrin index, and histological analysis were evaluated. Argon- and nitrogen-NTAPP pulses were applied to testosterone and linoleic acid (T/LA)-treated human SZ95 sebocytes. Lipids were assessed using BODIPY and quantitative Nile red staining. Proliferation and differentiation markers were assessed. Argon- and nitrogen-NTAPP pulses suppressed casual sebum levels and sebum excretion rates in the skin, at week 4. The porphyrin index revealed a 38% reduction at week 2. Skin biopsy samples showed no obvious thermal coagulation, but the number of Ki67+ cells in the sebaceous glands decreased at week 2. Argon- and nitrogen-NTAPP inhibited T/LA-induced increases in lipid synthesis, Ki67+ cells, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ɣ transcription in human sebocytes without apoptosis. Argon- and nitrogen-NTAPP therapy is a safe and effective method for reducing sebum excretion in oily human skin and inhibits lipogenesis and cell proliferation in human sebocytes.
Aronia Melanocarpa Polysaccharide Ameliotates Inflammation and Aging in Mice by Modulating AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Yingchun , Liu Xinglong , Zheng Yinan , Liu Wencong , Ding Chuanbo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa, as a natural medicinal plant, has been widely proved to have a variety of biological activities used as a novel food and medicine. Aronia melanocarpa polysaccharide (AMP) is the main component of the Aronia melanocarpa. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the delay and protection of AMP on aging mice by D-galactose (D-gal) induced, and to explore the effect of supplementing AMP on the metabolism of the intestinal flora of aging organisms.The aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal (200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg) once per 3 days for 12 weeks, and administer AMP (100 and 200 mg/kg) were given daily by oral gavage after 6 weeks of D-Gal-induced.The results showed that AMP treatment significantly improved the spatial learning and memory impairment of aging mice through the eight-arm maze test, and H&E staining provedthat AMP significantly reversed brain tissue pathological damage and structural disorders.AMP alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress injury in aging brain tissue by regulating AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Particularly, AMP reduced brain cell apoptosis and neurological deficits by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream apoptotic protein family.Importantly, 16S rDNA analysis indicated the AMP treatment significantly redarded the aging process by improving the composition of intestinal flora and abundance of beneficial bacteria. In summary, this study found that AMP delayed brain aging in mice by inhibiting inflammatory and regulating intestinal microbes, which providing the possibility for the amelioration and treatment of aging and related metabolic diseases.
Effects of an Oral Mucosa Protective Formulation on Chemotherapy- and/or Radiotherapy-induced Oral Mucositis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ueno Takao , Yatsuoka Wakako , Ishiki Hiroto , Miyano Kanako , Uezono Yasuhito 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) associated with cancer treatment not only impairs patients’ quality of life but also causes treatment delays or changes. This prospective exploratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of episil® oral liquid, which is an approved protective formulation for the oral mucosa in patients with OM. The extent of the pain-relieving effect, feeling during use, and adverse events or problems were evaluated.Methods: In total, 10 Japanese cancer patients with OM receiving chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or radiation therapy for head and neck cancer were enrolled. Results: A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess oral pain intensity due to OM. Compared to baseline, the mean NRS began to decrease at 5 mins after using episil (7.1 ± 1.4 to 4.6 ± 2.87; p = 0.264). A significant decrease was observed in the pain score after using episil compared with that before using episil, and this effect lasted up to 120 mins. The protective effects of episil were observed 3–5 mins after application. Some patients felt slight soreness or discomfort when applying episil. However, this discomfort due to episil’s stimulation was within the allowable range and transient. No adverse events were observed in any of the cases.Conclusions: The results of this prospective study showed that episil could be an effective treatment to relieve oral pain in Japanese patients with moderate to severe OM, and this newly approved product might adequately support patients’ oral intake.Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) (UMIN000031921).