bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superfluid density, Josephson relation and pairing fluctuations in a multi-component fermion superfluid
Authors: Zhang Yi-Cai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, a Josephson relation is generalized to a multi-component fermion superfluid. Superfluid density is expressed through a two-particle Green function for pairing states. When the system has only one gapless collective excitation mode, the Josephson relation is simplified, which is given in terms of the superfluid order parameters and the trace of two-particle normal Green function. In addition, it is found that the matrix elements of two-particle Green function is directly related to the matrix elements of the pairing fluctuations of superfluid order parameters. Furthermore, in the presence of inversion symmetry, the superfluid density is given in terms of the pairing fluctuation matrix. The results of the superfluid density in Haldane model show that the generalized Josephson relation can be also applied to a multi-band fermion superfluid in lattice.
Novel neutralization mechanism of a human antibody with pan-coronavirus reactivity
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Yi Chunyan , Zhu Yuanfei , Ding Longfei , Xia Shuai , Gu Chenjian , Lu Xiao , Chen Shuangfeng , Yang Zhuo , Zhang Yaguang , Ma Liyan , Gu Wangpeng , Liu Mu , Hu Gaowei , Du Shujuan , Yan Renhong , Fu Weihui , Yuan Songhua , Qiu Chenli , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xiaoyan , He Yonghui , Qu Aidong , Zhou Xu , Li Xiuling , Deng Qiang , Zhou Qiang , Lu Hongzhou , Ling Zhiyang , Lu Lu , Xu Jianqing , Xie Youhua , Sun Bing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The recurrent outbreak of coronaviruses and variants underscores the need for broadly reactive antivirals and vaccines. Here, a novel broad-spectrum human antibody named 76E1 was isolated from a COVID-19 convalescent patient and showed broad neutralization activity against multiple α- and β-coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 variants and also exhibited the binding breath to peptides containing the epitope from γ- and δ- coronaviruses. 76E1 cross-protects mice from SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infection in both prophylactic and treatment models. The epitope including the fusion peptide and S2’ cleavage site recognized by 76E1 was significantly conserved among α-, β-, γ- and δ- coronaviruses. We uncovered a novel mechanism of antibody neutralization that the epitope of 76E1 was proportionally less exposed in the prefusion trimeric structure of spike protein but could be unmasked by binding to the receptor ACE2. Once the epitope exposed, 76E1 inhibited S2’ cleavage, thus blocked the membrane fusion process. Our data demonstrate a key epitope targeted by broadly-neutralizing antibodies and will guide next-generation epitope-based pan-coronavirus vaccine design.
A quality assessment of Internet information regarding accelerated orthodontics
Authors: Demirsoy Kevser Kurt , Imamoglu Tugce , Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmış 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of information uploaded onto the Internet regarding accelerated orthodontics.

Materials and methods
The selected search terms ‘accelerated orthodontics’, ‘rapid orthodontics’, ‘speed orthodontics’, ‘rapid braces’, and ‘speed braces’ were searched by three commonly used search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing), and the URLs of the top 50 websites were recorded. The websites were evaluated using DISCERN, HONcode, and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark instruments. The readability of the websites was evaluated by the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).

Results
The total mean DISCERN score (section 1 + section 2) for all websites was 29.50/75 (range: 15–68). The average FRES of all websites was 52.99 ± 31.91. Also, the average FKGL score of all websites was 10.73 ± 2.03. Professional health organisation websites had significantly higher DISCERN scores than other websites (p < 0.001). Only three websites had the HONcode seal. Professional organisation and private dental practice websites showed better compliance with JAMA benchmarks. There was no statistically significant difference related to FRES and FKGL scores between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Information regarding accelerated orthodontics found on the Internet is insufficient. It is recommended that orthodontic societies and orthodontists increase the quality of the websites which describe accelerated orthodontics.
Investigation of anemia of unknown origin
Authors: Castilho L. , Nance S. , Hamilton J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
One of the most difficult concepts to explain when training immunohematology staff involves the investigation of hemolytic anemias. In the transfusion service and in the immunohematology reference laboratory setting, rapid and efficient investigation can be extremely important for patients with critical anemia requiring transfusion. The flow charts presented here provide possible patient scenarios and a logical sequence for initial and subsequent serologic testing for investigation. A clinical assessment of anemia of unknown origin or the finding of an unresolved positive antibody screen in pre-transfusion patient testing begins the investigational flow process. The testing sequence is predicated on the fact that performing a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) on all patients has a low predictive value and should be reserved for patients with unexplained anemia. The process begins with assessing the results of DATs with anti-IgG and anti-C3. Subsequent charts A, B, and C aid in investigating these results. Flow Chart A is for the investigation of warm or cold autoantibody, Chart B is for the investigation of cold-agglutinin or drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, and Chart C is for the investigation of autoantibody in the transfused patient. While the most common approaches to the initial and subsequent test results are in these flow charts, the charts are not inclusive of all possible diagnoses or presentations. These flow charts are meant to be a guide to assist the laboratory in developing a standard approach to efficient investigation and resolution in patients with unexplained anemia.
Description of Spinocephalus tessellatus n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, a nematode with a new morphological pattern at lip region
Authors: Abolafia Joaquín , Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new genus and new species of the family Cephalobidae, subfamily Cephalobinae, named Spinocephalus tessellatus n. gen., n. sp. is described from Iran. Body 0.55–0.67 mm long, cuticle with tessellations, lateral field with two tessellated longitudinal wings, lip region with six triangular lips, primary axils deep and V-shaped with two conoid-elongate guard processes that originate from each lip, secondary axils deep and U-shaped with one thorn-like process (labial probolae?) in lateral view with a small rounded protuberance fused to the oral plate having triradiate symmetry more developed at the acute margin toward each primary axil, oral opening hexagonal, amphids large and clearly rounded to slightly oval, stoma cephaloboid with cheilostom with minute and rounded rhabdia, pharynx cephaloboid with corpus subcylindrical and isthmus very long being 1.4–1.7 times corpus length, nerve ring surrounds the isthmus, excretory pore at the level of the isthmus. Female monodelphic-prodelphic, spermatheca as long as the body diam., post-vulval uterine sac 0.8–1.0 times body diameter, tail conoid with small rounded terminus. Male monorchic, spicules 24–26 µm long, gubernaculum 11–14 µm long, tail conical and ventrally curved with small rounded terminus. Morphological, including SEM observations, and molecular (based on 18S and 28S rDNA) analyses revealed its relationship with the genera Acromoldavicus and Nothacrobeles.
ON THE ESSENCE AND GENESIS OF LEGAL NIHILISM AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS OVERCOMING
Authors: Тетяна Миколаївна Дишкант  
Published: October 2021

Problem setting. When the defining word «legal» is added to the concept of «nihilism», new meanings arise, which requires checking how correctly this phrase is used in legal sciences. To preserve statehood, it is important to understand the essence and genesis of legal nihilism.
Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the presence of attention to this important problem, both in the domestic and foreign literature devoted to the problems of law, there is still enough uncertainty in understanding the essence and causes of legal nihilism, which requires clarification and correction.
Paper objective. It is necessary to clarify the meaning of the concept of «legal nihilism» by comparing this phenomenon with various forms of manifestation and thereby concretize its essence and origins. This will allow, in turn, determining the possibilities of overcoming it.
Paper main body. The article actualizes the problem of the conceptual apparatus of legal sciences, which is associated with the vagueness and ambiguity of some concepts, including the concepts of «natural law» and «law». Ambiguity of the concept of law both as a goal and as a tool can become a source of legal conflicts. By clarifying this concept, it is possible to come to a deeper understanding of the concept of «legal nihilism», which is important for the field of law. The analysis of types of legal nihilism leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to distinguish between natural law and law, recognizing the primary role of human rights and the instrumental role of law.
Two non-mutually exclusive opportunities to avoid nihilism associated with the education of citizens of legal consciousness are considered. The first is related to the education of respect for universal human values and their acceptance. Submission to the moral law, in theory, should prevent the violation of legal boundaries in the action of the subject. In the second case, this is a pragmatic way of bringing to the attention of citizens information about the inevitability of punishment. As a result, the conviction is formed that it is more profitable to comply with laws than not to comply, especially since being in the legal field ensures stability and security.
The presence of prerequisites for the effective implementation of these opportunities in the modern world is analyzed. At the same time, modern realities were taken into account, for example, such as the processes of globalization and the factor of postmodernism.
Conclusions of the research. The reason for legal nihilism is violations in the development and application of legislative acts associated with a complex crisis affecting the social, economic, political and legal spheres. All calls for the education of legal consciousness will be declarative in nature without eliminating the objective reasons leading to its distortion.
HYBRID WAR AS A MODERN FORM OF VIOLENCE
Authors: Володимир Вікторович Чалапко  
Published: October 2021

Problem setting. One of the modern forms of violence that requires careful analysis is hybrid war. The events of recent decades have shown that hybrid war is not only a scientific concept, but also a reality today. The phenomenon of hybrid war requires a comprehensive study from both theoretical and practical points of view.
Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of hybrid wars is reflected in the scientific works of both foreign and domestic scientists. Among foreign scientists, research in this direction was carried out by R. Glenn, D. Lasik, M. McLuhan, F. Hoffman, who focused on determining the characteristics of hybrid wars in comparison with classical wars, analyzed the strategies and tactical algorithms for conducting such wars, and focused on poly-straightness and multimodality of this type of violence. On the other hand, domestic scientists, in particular V. Kravchenko, focus on the fact that hybrid war is not an absolutely new phenomenon in world history and gives a number of examples of manifestations of "hybridity" in wars of the past. In turn, M. Senchenko, analyzing hybrid war as an integral phenomenon, defines its information component as the main one which the strategy of this type of war is built around.
Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to define the essential characteristics of hybrid war as a new form of violence.
Paper main body. The understanding of the essence and content of hybrid warfare in the scientific literature is presented by a number of points of view that complement the understanding of this complex and little-studied phenomenon. As you know, the concept of "hybrid war" was introduced into scientific circulation by the American scientist M. McLuhan. Domestic scientists generally understand hybrid war as military actions that are carried out by combining militaristic, quasi-militaristic, diplomatic, informational, economic and other means in order to achieve strategic political goals. The specificity of this combination lies in the fact that each of the military and non-military methods of conducting a hybrid conflict is used for military purposes and is used as a weapon. The researchers note that hybrid warfare is not a fundamentally new type of violence, and its elements have been used by opponents in wars throughout the entire existence of mankind. "Hybridity" in this sense is understood as the complex application of various means and strategies of warfare – from information-psychological to purely military ones.
Conclusions of the research. Thus, hybrid war as a modern form of violence is aimed primarily not at the seizure of territories, but at mastering the public consciousness of the target country and at dominating its information and cultural field. The victory on the "information and cultural front" provides further economic and political dividends for the initiator of the hybrid war.
CUBE UPCOIN: A NEW LOOK AT THE CONTROL OF THE INTRACOMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Ольга Юріївна Локоткова-Тернова  
Published: October 2021

Problem setting. The problem is that at the present stage of scientific and technological progress, to ensure the sustainable integrity of social organization, there is a search for new and revision of existing approaches to the role of a person in social organization. The role of the intracommunication system is growing. It is important to determine the effectiveness of the management of the current system, which ensures effective management within the organization, satisfaction, involvement and loyalty of each employee.
Recent research and publications analysis. Intracommunication management is a complex system, the purpose of which is difficult to overestimate at each stage of an organization's development. The system is considered in the works of sociologists, psychologists, leading business trainers: T.P. Galkin, V.I. Kornienko, V. Izotov, K.V. Harsky, V.A. Shtroo, M.E. Balakshin.
Paper objective. The objective of the article is management of the intracommunication system in the organization through the prism of a modern innovative approach, which allows to determine the effectiveness of all interrelated elements.
Paper main body. Our analysis allowed us to consider the management of intracommunications through the prism of a system, which involves the construction of a unified system for the exchange of information between the stakeholders of the organization, to determine what the exchange of information includes. What information channels exist and what role do they play in the development of social organization (communicative, organizational, informational and analytical). To improve the efficiency of each intracommunication channel, the role of each target audience was considered. We examined the role of management of the intracommunication system in the formation and development of corporate culture, the formation of an internal positive image of the organization. We have established the main reference points for the intracommunication system: the communication management system within the organization, communications and transmitted information for internal stakeholders, which is the fundamental factor of intracommunication interaction. We proposed an innovative methodological scheme for managing the intracommunication system, diagnosing its effectiveness from the standpoint of "cubic intracommunication models".
Conclusions of the research. The intracommunication system is an important and necessary condition for the development of any organization. Consideration of the management of the intracommunication system in the organization is an important topic for further research. The proposed approach to information makes it possible to consider the management processes of the intracommunication system from the position of “cubic models of intracommunication”.
Spreading of the semi-arid climate across South Africa
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The eastward shift of semi-arid climate across South Africa is studied using satellite assimilated cloud cover, vegetation temperature and potential evaporation 1981–2019, and 21st century coupled model projections. Semi-arid thresholds over the plateau have shifted hundreds of kilometers eastward in the Vaal River catchment for potential evaporation, cloud fraction, and vegetation temperature. Coastal cloudiness has also changed due to sea breezes modified by shelf zone sea temperatures. Processes underlying the spread of semi-arid conditions across South Africa are quantified. Desiccation is related to greater westerly airflow, as the atmospheric boundary layer over the Kalahari preferentially links with the upper-level circulation. Warm dry spells and climate change enhance the meridional temperature gradient and accelerate the sub-tropical jet at both short- and long timescales. According to observations and reanalysis, dry westerlies prevail during the afternoon and induce +0.2 °C/year trends in vegetation temperature over the Highveld during the study period. Coupled model projections show that semi-arid conditions expand eastward from Bloemhof (25.5°E) by 50,000 km2, altering future adaptation strategies.
STUDY OF EFFECT OF AYURVEDIC PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESSING NAMED SHODHANA AND MARANA ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF METAL IRON AND IRON-CONTAINING MINERALS USING XRD AND XRF ANALYSIS
Authors: KULKARNI ADITI , AHMED SYED TANVEER , SAVRIKAR S. S. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical procedures Shodhana and Marana on the chemical composition of the raw material.
Methods: Iron and four iron-containing minerals were subjected to Shodhana and Marana. For Shodhana, Loha (Iron), Suvarnamakshika (Copper pyrite) and Mandura (iron slag,) were repeatedly quenched sequentially in sesamin oil, buttermilk, cow’s urine, natural vinegar and herbal decoctions. Kasisa (green vitriol) was grinded in the juice of Eclipta Alba. For Marana, these materials were first grinded in prescribed liquids and then incinerated in closed earthenware caskets in measured pits. Powdered Gairika (red ochre) was roasted in Cow’s ghee for its Shodhana. Samples of Loha (iron)-L1, Samanya Shodhita Loha–L2, Vishesha Shodhita Loha–L3, Loha bahsma-L4, Mandura (iron slag)–M1, Shodhita Mandura–M2, Mandura bahsma–M3, Suvarnamakshika (copper pyrite)-S1, Shodhita Suvarnamakshika-S2, Suvarnamakshika bhasma-S3, Kasisa (green vitriol)-K1, Shodhita Kasisa-K2, Kasisa bahsma–K3, Gairika (red ochre)-G1 and Shodhita gairika-G2; were studied using XRF and XRD techniques.
Results: XRD findings suggested that the Chemical nature, elemental composition and Crystaline lattice structure of each substance were altered after extensive processings. XRF studies confirmed the multi-elemental nature of the final products. Reduction in particle size and other morphological changes were observed in intermediate and finished products during each procedure.
Conclusion: The study indicates that the composition of material is altered as a result of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical processing, ’Shodhana and Marana.
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY DETERMINATION METHOD OF BENCYCLOQUIDIUM BROMIDE: APPLICATION TO DRUG INTERACTION STUDY IN HUMAN
Authors: AGBOKPONTO JANVIER ENGELBERT , YEMOA LOCONON ACHILLE , ASSANHOU ASSOGBA GABIN , LIU RUIJUAN , GANFON HABIB , DING LI 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to develop a sensitive and effective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of bencycloquidium bromide (BCQB) and its application in pharmacokinetic drug interaction study between BCQB and paroxetine.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on Hedera ODS-2 C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-10 mmol/l ammonium acetate containing 0.2% acetic acid (33:67, v/v) at 550 μl/min, and the plasma samples were processed using solid-phase extraction. The MS/MS transitions were m/z 330.2 → 142.0 for BCQB and m/z 344.2 → 156.1 for the I. S in positive ESI mode.
Results: The validated method was linear over the concentration range of 2-1200 pg/ml with the correlation coefficient r2>0.998. The intra-and inter-batch precisions of the assay were lower than 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 2 pg/ml. The stability data at different storage conditions of BCQB were within±5% RE. The mean AUC0-36 of BCQB was increased by approximately 33%, after the administration of BCQB alone and upon co-administration with paroxetine during the drug interaction study.
Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method validated in this study was robust, reproducible, accurate, precise and reliable and was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies.
REMITTANCES, MIGRATION, AND POVERTY. A STUDY FOR MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Nuñez Roy , Osorio-Caballero María Isabel 
Published: October 2021

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>In the last two decades, remittances have acquired great importance as a source of external income for various developing economies. In the particular case of Latin America, the United States represents the most important destination, with 62.1 million Latinos living there according to U.S. Census Bureau. This paper analyses the effect that migration and remittances have on poverty in Mexico and Central America. The results show that a 10% increase in migration to the United States (as a percentage of the population in the destination country) translates into an 8.6% reduction in the population living on less than US$ 1.90 a day, while the poverty gap is reduced by 12.8%. With regard to remittances, a reduction of 6.7% is observed in the poor population and 10% in relation to the poverty gap.</p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">REMESAS, MIGRACIÓN Y POBREZA. UN ESTUDIO PARA MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA</p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Recientemente, las remesas han adquirido gran importancia como fuente de ingresos externos de diversas economías en desarrollo. En el caso particular de América Latina, Estados Unidos representa el destino más importante, con 62.1 millones de latinos viviendo en ese país según el U.S. Census Bureau. El presente trabajo analiza el efecto que tienen la migración y el envío de remesas en la pobreza de México y Centroamérica. Los resultados muestran que un incremento del 10% en la migración hacia Estados Unidos (como porcentaje de la población en el país de destino) se traduce en una reducción de 8.6% de la población que vive con menos de US$ 1.90 al día; mientras que la brecha de pobreza se reduce en 12.8%. Con relación al envío de remesas, se observa una reducción de 6.7% en la población pobre y de 10% respecto a la brecha de pobreza.</p>