bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dislocation of the gastric conduit reconstructed via the posterior mediastinal route is a significant risk factor for anastomotic disorder after McKeown esophagectomy
Authors: Nakajima Masanobu , Muroi Hiroto , Kikuchi Maiko , Fujita Junki , Ihara Keisuke , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Morita Shinji , Nakamura Takatoshi , Yamaguchi Satoru , Kojima Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic disorder of the reconstructed gastric conduit is a life‐threating morbidity after thoracic esophagectomy. Although there are various reasons for anastomotic disorder, the present study focused on dislocation of the gastric conduit (DGC).MethodsThe study cohort comprised 149 patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. The relationships between DGC and peri‐ and postoperative morbidities were analyzed retrospectively. Data were analyzed to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and extension of the gastric conduit were related to DGC. Uni‐ and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with anastomotic disorder.ResultsDGC was significantly related to anastomotic leakage (P < .001), anastomotic stricture (P = .018), and mediastinal abscess/empyema (P = .031). Compared with the DGC‐negative group, the DGC‐positive group had a significantly larger mean preoperative BMI (23.01 ± 3.26 kg/m2 vs. 21.22 ± 3.13 kg/m2, P = .001) and mean maximum cross‐sectional area of the gastric conduit (1024.75 ± 550.43 mm2 vs. 619.46 ± 263.70 mm2, P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that DGC was an independent risk factor for anastomotic leakage (odds ratio: 4.840, 95% confidence interval: 1.770‐13.30, P < .001). Body weight recovery tended to be better in the DGC‐negative group than in the DGC‐positive group, although this intergroup difference was not significant.ConclusionDGC reconstructed via the posterior mediastinal route is a significant cause of critical morbidities related to anastomosis. In particular, care is required when performing gastric conduit reconstruction via the posterior mediastinal route in patients with a high BMI.
Drying mechanism of monodisperse colloidal film: Evolution of normal stress and its correlation with microstructure
Authors: Jeong Jae Hwan , Lee Young Ki , Ahn Kyung Hyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the drying process of monodisperse colloidal film over a wide range of Péclet numbers (Pe) by using the Brownian dynamics simulation. We analyze the detailed process in three aspects; accumulation front, normal stress, and microstructure. The evolution of particle distribution is quantified by tracking the accumulation front. The accumulated particles contribute to the continuous increase of the normal stress at the interface. At the substrate, the normal stress first stays constant and then increases as the accumulation front touches the substrate. We quantitatively analyze the stress development by a scaled normal stress difference between the two boundaries. At all tested Pe, the stress difference increases to the maximum, followed by a decrease during drying. Interestingly, a mismatch is observed between the stress difference maximum and the initial stress increase at the substrate. The microstructural analysis reveals that this mismatch is related to the microstructural development at the substrate.
Vertebral artery occlusion associated with blunt traumatic cervical spine injury
Authors: Nakamura Youhei , Kusakabe Kenji , Nakao Shota , Hagihara Yasushi , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: August 2021

AimVertebral artery injury associated with blunt traumatic cervical spine injury sometimes causes severe cerebellar and brain stem infarction. No treatment guidelines for vertebral artery injury aimed at preventing stroke have been decided. We have conducted endovascular embolization in patients with up to Denver grade IV cerebrovascular injury complicated by unstable cervical spine injury before open reduction and fixation surgery. The purpose of this study was to validate the clinical course of vertebral artery injury and especially endovascular treatment for grade IV patients in our hospital.MethodsParticipants comprised of patients diagnosed as having traumatic cervical spine injury in our hospital between January 2015 and April 2018. Among these patients, we selected those with vertebral artery injury and retrospectively examined the background characteristics of the patients, details of treatment, and complications with or without stroke.ResultsTraumatic cervical spine injury was diagnosed in 89 patients. Among these patients, 15 (16.7%) showed a complicating vertebral artery injury. Mean age was 62.6 years, and almost 50% of the patients were injured in falls. Three types of cervical spine injury caused vertebral artery injury: subluxation, Jefferson fracture, and fracture involving the foramen transversarium. Vertebral artery injury was classified as grade IV in 12 patients, of whom nine required spinal surgery. All patients who needed spinal surgery underwent endovascular therapy before surgery, and none experienced a stroke.ConclusionEndovascular embolization of the vertebral artery occlusion in patients with unstable cervical spine injury before open reduction and fixation surgery can be a treatment option to prevent stroke.
Assessing the diet of the endangered Beale’s eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei) using faecal content and stable isotope analyses: Implications for conservation
Authors: Sung Yik‐Hei , Liew Jia Huan , Chan Hoi Kin , Lee Wing‐Ho , Wong Billy Ho‐Fung , Dingle Caroline , Karraker Nancy E. , Spencer Ricky‐John , Fong Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Turtles from Asia are on the brink of extinction with 53% of species considered endangered or critically endangered. Unfortunately, the ecology of many threatened species remains largely unknown.
In this study, the diet of the endangered Beale’s eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei) was investigated using two methods, visual faecal content analysis and stable isotope analysis.
Results from both methods indicated that S. bealei is highly reliant on riparian resources, especially fruits and terrestrial insects. Stable isotope data indicated that terrestrial resources made up around half (47–53%) of all assimilated food resources. These findings suggest that S. bealei facilitates energy flow from riparian forests to stream ecosystems. Moreover, S. bealei is likely to be a seed disperser for riparian plants.
This study represents the first application of stable isotope methods to examine the diet of Asian freshwater turtles and their resource use. We stress the importance of similar studies to improve our understanding of remnant turtle populations before they disappear as a result of human activities.
Associations between mastery of life and everyday life information‐seeking behavior among older adults: Analysis of the Pew Research Center's information engaged and information wary survey data
Authors: Choi Wonchan , Park Min Sook , Lee Yura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven the aging world, it is important to understand older adults' everyday life information seeking (ELIS), which plays a vital role in healthy aging in later life. The present study analyzed national survey data collected by the Pew Research Center in 2016 based on Savolainen's ELIS model. The model's core concept, mastery of life, was measured in terms of general coping style to find information (cognitive vs. affective) and expectations about the findability of necessary information (optimistic vs. pessimistic). Weighted multiregression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between mastery of life and ELIS behavior of older Americans (65 years or older) in terms of breath and depth of interest in everyday topics, holding other sociocultural and demographic factors constant. The results showed a cognitive, as opposed to affective, coping style was associated with a wider range of ELIS topics and a deeper level of interest in political and cultural topics. However, whether an individual had an optimistic or pessimistic perspective toward information seeking was not associated with the variety or depth of interest in everyday topics. Neither dimension was related to the depth of interest in sports topics. Practical, theoretical, and methodological implications of the findings are provided.
Cabazitaxel multiple rechallenges in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Pobel Cedric , Auclin Edouard , Teyssonneau Diego , Laguerre Brigitte , Cancel Mathilde , Boughalem Elouen , Noel Johanna , Brachet Pierre Emmanuel , Maillet Denis , Barthelemy Philippe , Helissey Carole , Thibault Constance , Oudard Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCabazitaxel multiple rechallenges may be a treatment option in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had a good initial response to cabazitaxel and who are still fit to receive it. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of multiple rechallenges.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively identified 22 mCRPC patients previously treated with docetaxel and/or androgen receptor‐targeted agents who received multiple cabazitaxel rechallenges in 9 French centers. Cabazitaxel was initiated at a dose of 25 mg/m2 q3week. A reduced dose (20 mg/m2 q3w) or an alternative schedule (mainly 16 mg/m2 q2w) was increasingly used for subsequent rechallenges. Progression‐free survival, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response, best clinical response, and grade ≥3 toxicities were collected. Overall survival was calculated from various time points.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with an initial response to cabazitaxel were rechallenged at least twice. The median number of cabazitaxel cycles was 7 at first cabazitaxel treatment, 6 at first rechallenge, and 5 at subsequent rechallenges. Median progression‐free survival at first rechallenge was 9.6 months and 5.6 months at second rechallenge. Median overall survival was 50.9 months from the first cabazitaxel dose, 114.9 months from first life‐extending therapy initiation in mCRPC, and 105 months from mCRPC diagnosis. There was no cumulative grade ≥3 neuropathy or nail disorder and one case of febrile neutropenia.ConclusionCabazitaxel multiple rechallenges may be a treatment option without cumulative toxicity in heavily pretreated patients having a good response to first cabazitaxel use and still fit to receive it.Novelty & Impact StatementsPatients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer can be treated with Cabazitaxel after docetaxel and androgen receptor‐targeted agent. This chemotherapy can be used multiple times with efficacy and manageable toxicity.
Identification of a novel 10 immune‐related genes signature as a prognostic biomarker panel for gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Tingna , Yang Chaogang , Dou Rongzhang , Xiong Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that immune infiltrating cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) correlates with the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to systematically investigate the immune‐related genes (IRGs) to develop a prognostic signature to predict the overall survival (OS) in GC.MethodThe gene expression profiles of training dataset (GSE62254), validation dataset I (GSE15459), and validation dataset II (GSE84437) were retrieved from GEO and TCGA databases. In the present study, we developed a 10 IRGs prognostic signature with the combination of weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) COX model.ResultsIn the training dataset, the accuracy of the signature was 0.681, 0.741, and 0.72 in predicting 1, 3, and 5‐year OS separately. The signature also had good performance in validation dataset Ⅰ with the accuracy of 0.57, 0.619, and 0.694, and in validation dataset Ⅱ with the accuracy of 0.559, 0.624, and 0.585. Then, we constructed a nomogram using the signature and clinical information which had strong discrimination ability with the c‐index of 0.756. In the immune infiltration analysis, the signature was correlated with multiple immune infiltrating cells such as CD8 T cells, CD4 memory T cells, NK cells, and macrophages. Furthermore, several significant pathways were enriched in gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis, including TGF‐beta signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway.ConclusionThe signature of 10 IRGs we identified can effectively predict the prognosis of GC and provides new insight into discovering candidate prognostic biomarkers of GC.
PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors‐based treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms affecting efficacy and combination therapies
Authors: Ding Lei , Dong Hui yu , Zhou Tian ren , Wang Yu hao , Yan Tao , Li Jun chen , Wang Zhong yuan , Li Jie , Liang Chao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the widespread use of PD‐1/PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of multiple malignant tumors, they were also gradually applied to advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Nowadays, multiple PD‐1/PD‐L1 mAbs, such as nivolumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab, have achieved considerable efficacy in clinical trials. However, due to the primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to these mAbs, the efficacy of this immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Theories also vary as to why the difference in efficacy occurs. The alterations of PD‐L1 expression and the interference of cellular immunity may affect the efficacy. These mechanisms demand to be revealed to achieve a sustained and complete objective response in patients with aRCC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to have synergistic mechanisms with PD‐1/PD‐L1 mAb in the treatment of aRCC, and CTLA‐4 mAb has been shown to have a non‐redundant effect with PD‐1/PD‐L1 mAb to enhance efficacy. Although combinations with targeted agents or other checkpoint mAbs have yielded enhanced clinical outcomes in multiple clinical trials nowadays, the potential of PD‐1/PD‐L1 mAbs still has a large development space. More potential mechanisms that affect the efficacy demand to be developed and transformed into the clinical treatment of aRCC to search for possible combination regimens. We elucidate these mechanisms in RCC and present existing combination therapies applied in clinical trials. This may help physicians’ select treatment options for patients with refractory kidney cancer.
A New Fusicoccane‐Type Norditerpene and a New Indone from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus aculeatinus WHUF0198
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Hong , He Li‐Ming , Xue Ya‐Qing , Jia Jia , Wang Shou‐Bao , Zhu Kong‐Kai , Hong Kui , Cai You‐Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new norditerpene named aculeaterpene A (1) and a new indone named aculeaindone A (2), along with eight known compounds 3–10 were isolated from the culture extract of Aspergillus aculeatinus WHUF0198. The structural characterization of compounds 1 and 2 were performed by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS experiments, whereas the absolute configurations were determined by comparing their experimental or calculated ECD spectra. Compound 1 was the first report of fusicoccane‐based norditerpene, in which the C‐20 was degraded and tured into a hydroxy group.
Alpha Synuclein only Forms Fibrils In Vitro when Larger than its Critical Size of 70 Monomers
Authors: Sanchez Santiago Enrique , Whiten Daniel R. , Meisl Georg , Ruggeri Francesco Simone , Hidari Eric , Klenerman David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aggregation of α‐synuclein into small soluble aggregates and then fibrils is important in the development and spreading of aggregates through the brain in Parkinson's disease. Fibrillar aggregates can grow by monomer addition and then break into fragments that could spread into neighboring cells. The rate constants for fibril elongation and fragmentation have been measured but it is not known how large an aggregate needs to be before fibril formation is thermodynamically favorable. This critical size is an important parameter controlling at what stage in an aggregation reaction fibrils can form and replicate. We determined this value to be approximately 70 monomers using super‐resolution and atomic force microscopy imaging of individual α‐synuclein aggregates formed in solution over long time periods. This represents the minimum size for a stable α‐synuclein fibril and we hypothesis the formation of aggregates of this size in a cell represents a tipping point at which rapid replication occurs.
Indole‐3‐Glycerol Phosphate Synthase From Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Potential New Drug Target
Authors: Esposito Nikolas , Konas David W. , Goodey Nina M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects millions of people worldwide. Several TB drugs have lost efficacy due to emerging drug resistance and new anti‐TB targets are needed. Recent research suggests that indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) in M. tuberculosis (MtIGPS) could be such a target. IGPS is a (β/α)8‐barrel enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1‐(o‐carboxyphenylamino)‐1‐deoxyribulose 5’‐phosphate (CdRP) into indole‐glycerol‐phosphate (IGP) in the bacterial tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. M. tuberculosis over expresses the tryptophan pathway genes during an immune response and inhibition of MtIGPS allows CD4 T‐cells to more effectively fight against M. tuberculosis. Here we review the published data on MtIGPS expression, kinetics, mechanism, and inhibition. We also discuss MtIGPS crystal structures and compare them to other IGPS structures to reveal potential structure‐function relationships of interest for the purposes of drug design and biocatalyst engineering.
Cocatalyst‐Free Reduction of 4,4′‐Dinitrodiphenyl Ether to 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenyl Ether Over Twin‐Crystal ZnxCd1−xS under Visible Light
Authors: Hu Yujia , Yu Guiyang , Xing Chuanwang , Liu Shanshan , Wei Chuangyu , Liu Heyuan , Jiang Jianzhuang , Li Xiyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSemiconductor‐based photocatalytic conversion of solar energy is a promising method for the synthesis of high value‐added chemicals. In this paper, a cocatalyst‐free nano‐twin crystal ZnxCd1−xS (T−ZnxCd1−xS) semiconductor was employed to achieve almost complete conversion of DNDPE and the yield of ODA product achieves >99 % in 40 min reaction time without additional hydrogen source. As far as we know, this is the first time to apply the photocatalytic technology for reducing DNDPE to ODA, and the photocatalytic efficiency has greatly exceeded the result of traditional catalytic method. Theoretical calculation and isotope labeling in situ HPLC‐MS analysis demonstrates that the reduction mechanism of DNDPE is two nitro groups of DNDPE are separately instead of simultaneously reduced, following the process of DNDPE→NO2−C6H4−O−C6H4−NO→NO2−C6H4−O−C6H4−NHOH→NO2−C6H4−O−C6H4−NH2→NO−C6H4−O−C6H4−NH2→NH2−C6H4−O−C6H4−NHOH→ODA. Hydrogen protons of water, instead of ethanol, provide the hydrogen source for the photocatalytic reduction of DNDPE to ODA.
Towards an Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms of Variable Unnatural Base‐Pair Behavior: A Biophysical Analysis of dNaM‐dTPT3
Authors: Karadeema Rebekah J. , Morris Sydney E. , Lairson Luke L. , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe series of unnatural base pairs (UBPs) developed by the Romesberg lab, which pair via hydrophobic and packing interactions have been replicated, transcribed, and translated inside of a living organism. However, as to why these UBPs exhibit variable fidelity and efficiency when used in different contexts is not clear. In an effort to gain some insights, we investigated the thermal stability and pairing selectivity of the (d)NaM‐(d)TPT3 UBP in 11nt duplexes via UV spectroscopy and the effects on helical structure via CD spectroscopy. We observed that while the duplexes containing a UBP are less stable than fully natural duplexes, they are generally more stable than duplexes containing natural mispairs. This work provides the first insights connecting the thermal stability of the (d)NaM‐(d)TPT3 UBP to the molecular mechanisms for varying replication fidelity in different sequence contexts in DNA, asymmetrical transcription fidelity, and codon:anticodon interactions and can assist in future UBP development.
Bithiazole Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Kinase (PI4KIIIβ) as Broad‐Spectrum Antivirals Blocking the Replication of SARS‐CoV‐2, Zika Virus, and Human Rhinoviruses
Authors: Grazia Martina Maria , Vicenti Ilaria , Bauer Lisa , Crespan Emmanuele , Rango Enrico , Boccuto Adele , Olivieri Noemi , Incerti Matteo , Zwaagstra Marleen , Allodi Marika , Bertoni Simona , Dreassi Elena , Zazzi Maurizio , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Maga Giovanni , Radi Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver half a century since the description of the first antiviral drug, “old” re‐emerging viruses and “new” emerging viruses still represent a serious threat to global health. Their high mutation rate and rapid selection of resistance toward common antiviral drugs, together with the increasing number of co‐infections, make the war against viruses quite challenging. Herein we report a host‐targeted approach, based on the inhibition of the lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ, as a promising strategy for inhibiting the replication of multiple viruses hijacking this protein. We show that bithiazole inhibitors of PI4KIIIβ block the replication of human rhinoviruses (hRV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and SARS‐CoV‐2 at low micromolar and sub‐micromolar concentrations. However, while the anti‐hRV/ZIKV activity can be directly linked to PI4KIIIβ inhibition, the role of PI4KIIIβ in SARS‐CoV‐2 entry/replication is debated.
Colorectal cancer adjuvant chemotherapy trends among a nonelderly veteran cohort at a southern veterans health administration
Authors: Martin Richard L. , Edwards Gretchen C. , Samuels Lauren R. , Eng Cathy , Roumie Christianne L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor patients with high‐risk stage II or stage III colorectal cancer (CRC), adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival, yet use varies substantially across medical oncology settings.AimUtilization of guideline concordant CRC AC was assessed at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility to determine quality improvement initiatives.Methods and ResultsThe study was a retrospective review of CRC surgeries from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2015 at a South Regional VHA. Inclusion criteria consisted of pathologic high‐risk stage II or stage III CRC, with exclusion for age ≥80, age ≥75 hospitalized with major co‐morbidity in the prior year, and death or discharge to hospice within 30 days of the index surgery. The primary predictor was year‐group; partitioned 2000–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 to account for changes in NCCN high risk stage II definitions. Primary outcome was AC receipt. Secondary outcome was reason for chemotherapy omission. Among 180 eligible surgeries (121 colon and 59 rectal cancers), patients were mostly male (96%), white (79%) and with median age 64 years. Overall, 117 (65%) received AC. Compared to 2000–2005, patients undergoing surgery between 2011 and 2015 were less likely to receive AC (odds ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.82), due to more patients declining AC (27% vs. 6%, p < .01) in the NCCN eligible cohort (N = 180), and (32% vs. 8%, p < .01) in an analysis of patients who completed appointments and had AC recommended by providers (N = 146).ConclusionsSurvival benefitting AC decreased over time among a nonelderly Veteran cohort eligible for AC. Evaluating care decisions and trends within other VHA facilities and outside the VHA are warranted.