bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does LIN28B gene dysregulation make women more likely to abort?
Authors: Huang QiaoYao , Niu YanRu , Song LiJun , Huang JinZhi , Wang Chenxi , Ma TianZhong 
Published: August 2021

Background
LIN28B plays an important role in early embryonic development, but its role in villous trophoblast implantation and differentiation remains unknown. This study aims to verify the role of LIN28B in trophoblastic villous tissue and cells from women with URSA (unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion) and artificial termination of pregnancy (negative control, NC).

Methods
The LIN28B gene and its protein expression level were detected with real-time quantitative PCR, Western immunoblotting analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The gene was also overexpressed in chorionic villous cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo) to examine its effect on trophoblast function.

Results
The expression of LIN28B mRNA and protein of URSA villi was lower than that in the NC group. At the cellular level, overexpression of LIN28B enhanced cellular migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. LIN28B may inhibit apoptosis by promoting Akt phosphorylation and by inhibiting Bad phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, LIN28B inhibited cell fusion and reduced cellular syncytia.

Conclusions
LIN28B can inhibit cell invasion and migration in vitro and promote apoptosis and fusion. The low expression of LIN28B in URSA villous trophoblast cells may be one of the causes of abortion. The role of LIN28B in villous trophoblasts needs further study.

Lay summary
Propagation of offspring is of great significance to the continuation of the human race. However, continuous pregnancy is more difficult for some women, especially women who have multiple miscarriages. One important contributor is the cessation of development caused by genetic factors of the embryo, but there are still many unknown reasons. We investigated the LIN28B gene which is a possible pathogenic factor in the placenta. We collected 25 cases of abortion in the experimental group (unexplained recurrent abortion group) and 25 in the control group (artificial termination of pregnancy group): on average at 7–8 weeks of pregnancy. We tested the function of lin28b in these samples and verified its function in cell lines. LIN28B plays an important role in maintaining early pregnancy by promoting the invasion of villous cells, inhibiting apoptosis and fusion, and the reduction of LIN28B expression may lead to the occurrence of early miscarriage.
Behavioral Health Risk Factors for Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use in Adolescence
Authors: Cho Junhan , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I. , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L. , Kechter Afton , Axeen Sarah , Leventhal Adam M. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUNDAdolescent nonmedical prescription opioid use is associated with overdose and other adverse outcomes, but its risk factors are poorly understood.METHODSData were drawn from a prospective cohort study of Los Angeles, California, high school students. At baseline (mean age = 14.6 years), students completed self-report screening measures of problem alcohol, cannabis, and drug use and 6 mental health problems (major depression, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and hypomania or mania). Past 6-month nonmedical prescription opioid use (yes or no) was assessed across 7 semiannual follow-ups.RESULTSAmong baseline never users of nonmedical prescription opioids (N = 3204), average past 6-month prevalence of new nonmedical prescription opioid use across the 42-month follow-up was 4.4% (range 3.5%–6.1%). In a multivariable model co-adjusting for 9 baseline behavioral problems and other factors, major depression, hypomania or mania, cannabis, alcohol, and other drug use problems were associated with increased odds of nonmedical prescription opioid use over follow-ups. Cumulative indices of behavioral health comorbidity showed successively greater odds of subsequent nonmedical prescription opioid use for students with 1 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.79–5.01), 2 (OR: 8.79; 95% CI: 5.95–12.99), or 3 (OR: 9.69; 95% CI: 5.63–16.68) vs 0 baseline substance use problems, and similar increases were associated with increasing number of mental health problems (1 [OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.03–2.88] to all 6 [OR: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.09–14.82] vs 0).CONCLUSIONSBehavioral health problems may be associated with increased risk of subsequent nonmedical prescription opioid use during mid to late adolescence, with successively greater risk for those with greater behavioral health comorbidity. In pediatric clinical practice or school-based prevention, behavioral health screeners may be useful for identifying youth at high risk for nonmedical prescription opioid use.
Vestibular Stimulation as An Interventional Approach for Cold Water Stress Induced Immunological and Histopathological Changes in Rats
Authors: Kranthi T. Rama , Archana R. , Senthilkumar S. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic exposure to stress results in immuno-suppression. The present study was carried out to explore the therapeutic benefits of vestibular stimulation on the immune system of stress-induced Wistar rats. Methods: Stress was intervened in the Wistar rats by cold water swimming method for a period of 14 days. Following stress, caloric vestibular stimulation was induced in the rats by irrigating external auditory meatus bilaterally with hot water (temperature 41oC) for 2 minutes for a period of 15 days and 30 days in respective groups. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained and serum corticosterone, Interleukin 2 (IL2), Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were analyzed using ELISA method and histopathology of brain was assessed. Brain CD4 and CD8 cells were analyzed by Immunohistochemistry. Result: Stress significantly increased serum corticosterone, IL2 levels and reduced IgM levels. Stress group showed increased dendritic arborization in prefrontal cortex, neuronal atrophy, nuclear pyknosis with congested blood vessels in hippocampus and mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in hypothalamus. Brain extravascular CD4 and CD8 showed positive in stress group. Caloric vestibular stimulation effectively reduced serum corticosterone levels, histopathological changes, brain extravascular CD4 and CD8 cells and improved IgM in the present study.
Bark Anatomy of Podocarpus elongatus (Ait) L.Herit and Screening of Phytochemical Constituents with Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: . Arunthathi , Valentina J. , Poonguzhali T.V. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Conifer Podocarpus elongatus belongs to the family Podocarpaceae and some species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to study the anatomical features of the bark of Podocarpus elongatus (Ait) L.Herit. The study was also focused on the antimicrobial activity and phytochemicals present in the bark extract. Methods: The bark was collected from the P. elongatus from Nilgiri Hills of Ooty, Tamil Nadu. The anatomical structures of the bark were elucidated macroscopically and microscopically by using the sectioning techniques. The phytochemical examination was done to confirm the presence of phytochemical components in the methanol extract. The antimicrobial activity was also studied based on the zone of inhibition. Result: The surface of the bark was highly distinguished from other related species, in the pattern of colour, stripes and thickness. Microscopical study envisaged that periderm is characterised by well distinct, continuous structures of the branchy sclereids with thick undulate, continuous segments that have been originated from a deeper cortex. TLS and RLS of the bark view elucidated that the phloem component appeared to be a vertical plane in the fibres. Phloem rays were found as uniseriate with wide sieve cells. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the bark exhibited potential effects against examined bacterial and fungal strains.
TINGKAT ASOSIASI JENIS-JENIS BENALU DENGAN POHON INANGNYA DI BLOK KOLEKSI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMA
Authors: Putri Debi Pratiwi , Indriyanto Indriyanto , Riniarti Melya 
Published: August 2021

Arboreal plant species is one of a group of parasitics plants that belong to the Loranthaceae family. Trees or shrubs that are attacked by parasitics would be disturbed and might even die if the attack is in wide numbers. Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park is an area to maintain the nutrient cycle and biodiversity preservation center for Lampung Province. Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park is divided into five wide blocks, one of which is the collection block, with an area of 2,120.10 ha or around 9.53% of the total area. The objective of this study i.e to determine the species of parasitcs at Collection Block of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park, determine the species of host plants associated with the species of parasitcs, and analyze the density of each parasitics population. This research was conducted on JuneJuly 2019 using a systematically arranged plot methods. Sample plots have 70 the form rectangle measuring 20m x 20m. The results of this study were found 4 species of parasitics, which were 7 species of host plants. The parasitics population which has the highest density is Macrosolen cochinchinensis with a density value of 4.64 individuals / ha. The parasitics significantly associated with the ketupa tree obtained an (OI value 16.50) and significantly associated with the jackfruit tree (OI value11.60). while the parasitics population that had the smallest density was Scurrula philippensis with a density valueof 0.71 individuals / ha. The parasite is not significantly associated with the Tangkil tree (OI value 1.51)
Molecular and Clinical Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Steroids in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Tajima Takafumi , Tsujimura Yoshitaka , Kosugi Kenji , Mano Yosuke , Zenke Yukichi , Hachisuka Akiko , Aoki Takatoshi , Sakai Akinori 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Carpal tunnel steroid injection is a nonoperative intervention for the treatment for idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiedematous properties of steroids account for their therapeutic effects in the context of CTS; however, their relative contribution has not been clarified.

Methods:
Fibroblasts from subsynovial connective tissues (SSCT) were intraoperatively collected from patients with idiopathic CTS and were incubated with or without the steroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for 1, 3, and 7 days; the expression of fibrosis-related genes and inflammatory cytokines was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A clinical prospective study was conducted with patients who received carpal tunnel TA injections. We performed clinical and electrophysiological evaluations before and 1, 3, and 5 months after TA injection; and we compared the median nerve, flexor tendon, and SSCT areas and the median nerve flattening ratio before and 1 month after TA injection using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:
TA induced downregulation of the fibrosis-related genes Col1A1 (collagen type I alpha 1 chain), Col1A2, and Col3A1 but not the inflammation-related genes. The nerve flattening ratio did not change after TA injection according to the MRI-based observation of the median nerve, flexor tendon, and SSCT areas.

Conclusions:
The therapeutic effects of injected TA are apparently mediated by its antifibrotic rather than its anti-inflammatory and antiedematous properties. TA probably alters the properties but not the morphology of SSCT.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neurological Deterioration After Hemivertebrectomy for Congenital Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis with Myelopathy
Authors: Matsumoto Yuki , Watanabe Kota , Suzuki Satoshi , Nori Satoshi , Tsuji Osahiko , Nagoshi Narihito , Okada Eijiro , Yagi Mitsuru , Fujita Nobuyuki , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: August 2021

Case:
A 14-year-old adolescent boy with congenital kyphoscoliosis with T5 hemivertebra visited our hospital complaining gait disturbance. The T5 hemivertebra was resected posteriorly, and kyphosis at T4 to T7 was corrected from 43° to 36°. However, neurological status gradually deteriorated after surgery. Surgery to reduce kyphosis by bending the rods was performed with intraoperative ultrasonography, which resulted in spinal cord decompression and repulsation of the spinal cord. The muscle strength of the lower extremities improved immediately after surgery.

Conclusion:
Correction surgery for congenital kyphoscoliosis has high risk of perioperative neurological deterioration. Ultrasonography may be a useful tool for monitoring status of the spinal cord.
Occipitopexy as a Fusionless Solution for Dropped Head Syndrome
Authors: Farshad Mazda , Burkhard Marco D. , Spirig José M. 
Published: August 2021

Case:
A 68-year-old woman suffered from an irradiation-induced dropped head syndrome (DHS). Fusion surgery was vehemently rejected by the patient. A new surgical method, avoiding fusion, was invented and performed to treat her DHS. This novel surgical technique of “occipitopexy”—a ligamentous fixation of the occiput to the upper thoracic spine—is described in detail. One year postoperatively, the patient was very satisfied, able to maintain a horizontal gaze, and rotate her head 20° to each side.

Conclusion:
This is the first report describing “occipitopexy” as an alternative to cervicothoracic fusion for patients with flexible DHS.
Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Patients with Klippel-Trénaunay Syndrome
Authors: Mahjoub Adel , Gilbert Grace , Turkula Stefan , Mendez Gregory , Graf Kenneth , Kim Tae Won B. 
Published: August 2021

Cases:
Long-bone fractures in patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS), a rare disorder of the venous, lymphatic, and capillary system, are difficult to treat with many complications. Two patients diagnosed with KTS presented with closed femoral shaft fractures after low-energy falls. Conservative treatment, open reduction internal fixation, and intramedullary nailing resulted in painful nonunions. Ultimately, both patients achieved pain relief and the ability to ambulate after en bloc resection and reconstruction.

Conclusions:
These cases demonstrate the challenges in achieving bony union when treating long-bone fractures in KTS. The feasibility of undergoing extensive resection and reconstruction to regain function is best approached with a multidisciplinary team.
Intraoperative Fluoroscopy for Correcting Rotational Malalignment After Fixation of Tibial Shaft Fracture
Authors: Holler Jordan T. , Kandemir Utku 
Published: August 2021

Case:
A 29-year-old man previously treated with closed reduction and intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation for a right tibial shaft fracture presented with complaint of the foot pointing outward compared with uninjured side. He was diagnosed with tibial malrotation, and a novel intraoperative imaging technique was used for correction.

Conclusion:
Literature suggests that the prevalence of tibial malrotation after IMN fixation is greater than previously thought. This case highlights the need for a simple and reliable intraoperative approach to guide and confirm correction of tibial malrotation after IMN fixation, and it demonstrates a technique that can be implemented with immediate results.
Postoperative Hyperglycemia in Patients with and without Diabetes After Major Joint Replacement
Authors: Mannion John D. , Rather Assar , Manifold Stephen , Gardner Kelly , McEvilly Margaret , Yaeger John , Siegelman Gary 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Perioperative hyperglycemia can have an even more detrimental effect on postoperative outcomes in patients without diabetes than in patients with diabetes, but it has not been established if the treatment of patients without diabetes is safe and effective. We hypothesized that sliding-scale insulin for severe postoperative hyperglycemia (glucose ≥180 mg/dL) could lower mean postoperative glucose levels and minimize short-term complications in patients without diabetes undergoing major joint replacement.

Methods:
In a prospective study group, 1,398 consecutive patients, with and without diabetes, undergoing joint replacement were monitored and treated for hyperglycemia and were compared with 886 historical, less frequently monitored controls. The primary outcome was the mean glucose level in patients with and without diabetes within 48 hours after the surgical procedure. Two secondary outcomes could be examined only in the prospective study group, which, by design, had much more frequent glucose sampling and insulin use than the historical controls. First, the contribution of comorbidities and procedural factors to postoperative hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes was assessed with multivariable linear regression. Second, the ability of insulin treatment to reduce complications in patients without diabetes who developed hyperglycemia was evaluated.

Results:
In comparison with 886 historical controls, enhanced glucose management lowered the mean glucose (and standard deviation) from 129 ± 28 mg/dL to 123 ± 23 mg/dL for patients without diabetes (p = 0.041). Multivariable linear regression revealed factors that contributed to elevated mean glucose in patients without diabetes: preoperative fasting glucose (p < 0.001), perioperative steroid use (p < 0.001), general anesthesia (p < 0.001), procedure duration (p = 0.003), and transfusion (p = 0.008). Of 968 patients without diabetes, 203 developed severe hyperglycemia. The recommended insulin coverage was given to 129 of these patients, and 74 patients did not receive it for various clinical reasons. Insulin treatment reduced the frequency of positive cultures from any site (p = 0.025) and a composite of positive cultures and readmissions (p = 0.006) in comparison with no insulin treatment. No patient without diabetes who received insulin experienced mild or severe hypoglycemia.

Conclusions:
Postoperative hyperglycemia is frequent in patients without diabetes after orthopaedic surgery, but an enhanced glucose management program can lower mean postoperative glucose levels. The treatment of hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes reduced short-term complications and was associated with minimal side effects.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Current State of Synovial Fluid Biomarkers in Sports Medicine
Authors: Markus Danielle H. , Berlinberg Elyse J. , Strauss Eric J. 
Published: August 2021

» While the gross mechanical abnormalities contributing to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) have been well described, new research is demonstrating that these insults to the articular cartilage may also initiate changes in the joint microenvironment that seed the development of PTOA.» A growing amount of literature has identified key biomarkers that exhibit altered expression in the synovial fluid following a knee injury, with a portion of these molecules remaining elevated in the years following an injury.» These biomarkers have the potential to aid in the early detection of PTOA before radiographic evidence becomes apparent. Furthermore, deciphering the processes that occur within the articular microenvironment after trauma may allow for better identification of therapeutic targets for the prevention and earlier treatment of PTOA.
A Self-Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Objective Live Cell Segmentation and Analysis
Authors: Raphael Marc , Robitaille Michael , Byers Jeff , Christodoulides Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Machine learning algorithms hold the promise of greatly improving live cell image analysis by way of (1) analyzing far more imagery than can be achieved by more traditional manual approaches and (2) by eliminating the subjective nature of researchers and diagnosticians selecting the cells or cell features to be included in the analyzed data set. Currently, however, even the most sophisticated model based or machine learning algorithms require user supervision, meaning the subjectivity problem is not removed but rather incorporated into the algorithm’s initial training steps and then repeatedly applied to the imagery. To address this roadblock, we have developed a self-supervised machine learning algorithm that recursively trains itself directly from the live cell imagery data, thus providing objective segmentation and quantification. The approach incorporates an optical flow algorithm component to self-label cell and background pixels for training, followed by the extraction of additional feature vectors for the automated generation of a cell/background classification model. Because it is self-trained, the software has no user-adjustable parameters and does not require curated training imagery. The algorithm was applied to automatically segment cells from their background for a variety of cell types and five commonly used imaging modalities - fluorescence, phase contrast, differential interference contrast (DIC), transmitted light and interference reflection microscopy (IRM). The approach is broadly applicable in that it enables completely automated cell segmentation for long-term live cell phenotyping applications, regardless of the input imagery’s optical modality, magnification or cell type.
Colossal Barocaloric Effects with Ultralow Hysteresis in Two-Dimensional Metal–Halide Perovskites
Authors: Mason Jarad , Seo Jinyoung , McGillicuddy Ryan , Slavney Adam , Zhang Selena , Yakovenko Andrey , Zheng Shao-Liang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nearly 4,400 TWh of electricity—20% of the total consumed in the world—is used each year by refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps for cooling. In addition to the 2.3 Gt of carbon dioxide emitted during the generation of this electricity, the vapor-compression-based devices that provided the bulk of this cooling emitted fluorocarbon refrigerants with a global warming potential equivalent to 1.5 Gt of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. With population and economic growth expected to dramatically increase over the next several decades, the development of alternative cooling technologies with improved efficiency and reduced emissions will be critical to meeting global cooling needs in a more sustainable fashion. Barocaloric materials, which undergo thermal changes in response to applied hydrostatic pressure, offer the potential for solid-state cooling with high energy efficiency and zero direct emissions, as well as faster start-up times, quieter operation, greater amenability to miniaturization, and better recyclability than conventional vapor-compression systems. Efficient barocaloric cooling requires materials that undergo reversible phase transitions with large entropy changes, high sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure, and minimal hysteresis, the combination of which has been challenging to achieve in existing barocaloric materials. Here, we report a new mechanism for achieving colossal barocaloric effects near ambient temperature that exploits the large volume and conformational entropy changes of hydrocarbon chain-melting transitions within two-dimensional metal–halide perovskites. Significantly, we show how the confined nature of these order–disorder phase transitions and the synthetic tunability of layered perovskites can be leveraged to reduce phase transition hysteresis through careful control over the inorganic–organic interface. The combination of ultralow hysteresis (< 1.5 K) and high barocaloric coefficients (> 20 K/kbar) leads to large reversible isothermal entropy changes (> 200 J/kg•K) at record-low pressures (< 300 bar). We anticipate that these results will help facilitate the development of barocaloric cooling technologies and further inspire new materials and mechanisms for efficient solid-state cooling.