bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LiF‐Induced Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for a Wide Temperature SnO2‐Based Anode Extensible to −50 °C
Authors: Tan Liang , Lan Xuexia , Chen Jinwei , Zhang Hanyin , Hu Renzong , Zhu Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) suffer dramatic energy reduction, and are even unable to safely charge below ‐10 °C, due to sluggish Li+ transport kinetics in the anode, electrolyte and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), as well as large overpotential which causes Li plating on the anode surface. Herein, a SnO2‐LiF‐graphite (SLG) composite anode is developed for wide temperature application. The SLG with a propylene carbonate electrolyte delivers a stable capacity of more than 900 mA h g−1 at 60 °C with 100 mA g−1, maintaining 823.9 mA h g−1 at ‐10 °C. When matched with a tetrahydrofuran‐based electrolyte, the SLG delivers stable capacities of 780.4 mA h g−1 at ‐40 °C and 637.2 mA h g−1 at ‐50 °C, respectively. It is demonstrated that the LiF‐induced inorganic‐rich SEI maintains the nanostructure of the active Sn, and that their interfaces with the electrolyte are highly stable. Furthermore, the formation of α‐Sn with higher Li+ diffusion kinetics results in a very small overpotential (≈0.18 V) of lithiation for SLG from 30 °C to ‐50 °C. This work shows that LiF‐modified SnO2 anodes matched with suitable electrolytes can qualify the LIBs for a safe and long‐life at wide temperature, which is helpful to further promote these batteries for low‐temperature applications.
Controlling the Crystallization Kinetics of Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskites for High Performance Green Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Junfang , Gao Zhen , Yang Junjie , Lv Mingsheng , Chen Haining , Xue Ding‐Jiang , Meng Xiangyue , Yang Shihe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTin halide perovskites are promising candidates for lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) not only due to their low‐toxicity, but also due to their ideal energy bandgap, high charge carrier mobility, and long hot carrier lifetime. The certified efficiency of tin halide PSCs has now reached over 10%, but this is still far from the theoretical expectation. Much of the efficiency gap relates to the poor quality of tin halide perovskite films due to the lack of in‐depth understanding about the crystal nucleation and growth mechanisms for such films. This recognition motivates the present review, which is focused on the crystallization kinetics of tin halide perovskites. In particular, starting from a germane discussion on crystal nucleation and growth theories, several methods that have been used for controlling the rapid crystallization of tin halide perovskites are dissected. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for tin halide PSCs are presented. This comprehensive review summarizes and illuminates the parameter space for the optimization of tin halide perovskite film quality, promoting the future development of ecofriendly PSCs with high efficiency and high stability.
Evaluation of DSSAT‐MANIHOT‐Cassava model to determine potential irrigation benefits for cassava in Jamaica
Authors: Rankine Dale , Cohen Jane , Murray Fradian , Moreno‐Cadena Patricia , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Campbell Jayaka , Taylor Michael , Stephenson Tannecia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important food crop, especially in developing countries, because of its resilience and ability to grow in conditions generally inhospitable for other crops. However, tropical crops like cassava are not as frequently modeled compared with crops from temperate locations. The objective of this research was to calibrate the CSM‐MANIHOT‐Cassava model of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer, DSSAT beta v4.8 and use the model to evaluate the potential benefits of irrigation on yield. We established two field trials with two water treatments (rainfed and irrigated) and four cultivars that had not been studied previously. We simulated in‐season biomass and end‐of‐season yield, evaluating the model performance with different statistical measures. There was good agreement between simulated and measured values; the best results showed a deviation of 9.7%, normalized RMSE of 18%, and d‐index of 0.98 for biomass, with corresponding values of 11, 24, and 0.98, respectively, for yield. Good simulations of yield correlated with accurate simulations for leaf area index and harvest index. The varieties showed differential responses to irrigation, suggesting that there are diverse levels of drought tolerance even within the same environmental conditions. The model was able to simulate total crop failure in harsh drought conditions, suggesting it can be used as a key decision‐making tool in unfavorable conditions that will be occasioned by climate change.
Low‐cost and efficient organic solar cells based on polythiophene‐ and poly(thiophene vinylene)‐related donors
Authors: Yang Chenyi , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAt present, most of state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) are achieved from the photoactive materials involving donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymer donors. It is well known that the complicated molecular structure of D–A copolymers means the tedious synthesis, which brings about severe cost issue and poor scalability for the industrial production. Therefore, to develop application‐oriented OSCs, considerable attention should be paid on simplifying the chemical structures of polymer donors. Polythiophene (PT) and poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) derivatives should be among the simplest polymer donors, and OSCs based on them have made some breakthroughs in past 2 years. Here, we briefly introduce the recent advances of OSCs based on low‐cost polymers including poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), PT derivatives, and PTV derivatives, respectively, and emphasize the importance of modulating energy levels, preaggregation effect, and D/A miscibility for the past progress as well as the future development. At last, we also propose some challenges demanding prompt solution for realizing practical application of OSCs, aiming at providing guidance and stimulating new ideas for further research.
Numerical study of a nonlinear density relation and binary reaction on nanofluid flow over a heated vertical surface with sinusoidal wall temperature
Authors: Oyelakin Ibukun S. , Sibanda Dorcas , Sibanda Precious 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study discusses the impact of the nonlinear relationship between nonlinear density‐temperature and density‐concentration on a nanofluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy and sinusoidal wall temperature variations. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations that model the nanofluid flow are solved using the bivariate spectral local linearization method. In literature, it is known that certain thermal systems perform better at high temperatures. This performance may be influenced by the nonlinear temperature‐concentration‐dependent density relation, which accounts for optimal thermal and solutal transport in such systems. This study explores the impact of some physical parameters on the fluid transport properties, and the results show, among other findings, that the nonlinear density‐temperature leads to increased fluid velocity. In contrast, the nonlinear density‐concentration reduces the fluid speed. This study provides new insights into the impact of nonlinear density‐temperature and density‐concentration on fluid properties. Additionally, there is a development of destructive chemical reactions in the nanoparticle volume fraction profiles due to the Arrhenius activation energy.
Medical, welfare, and educational challenges and psychological distress in parents caring for an individual with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A cross‐sectional survey in Japan
Authors: Morishima Ryo , Kumakura Yousuke , Usami Satoshi , Kanehara Akiko , Tanaka Miho , Okochi Noriko , Nakajima Naomi , Hamada Junko , Ogawa Tomoko , Ando Shuntaro , Tamune Hidetaka , Nakahara Mutsumi , Jinde Seiichiro , Kano Yukiko , Tanaka Kyoko , Hirata Yoichiro , Oka Akira , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParents of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) experience distress not only due to multimorbidity in the patients, but also due to professionals' lack of understanding about 22q11DS and insufficient support systems. This study investigated relationships between medical, welfare, and educational challenges and parental psychological distress. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted on primary caregivers of children with 22q11DS. Participants included 125 parents (114 mothers, 91.2%; average age = 44.3 years) who reported their challenges, psychological distress, and child's comorbidities of 22q11DS. Results showed that the difficulty in going to multiple medical institutions (β = 0.181, p < 0.05) and lack of understanding by welfare staff and insufficient welfare support systems for 22q11DS (β = 0.220–0.316, all p < 0.05) were associated with parental psychological distress, even after adjusting for child's comorbidities. In the subsample of parents whose child attended an educational institution, inadequate management in classroom and mismatch between service and users in educational settings were associated with psychological distress (β = 0.222–0.296, all p < 0.05). This study reveals the importance of assessing not only severity of comorbidities in 22q11DS, but also the medical, welfare, and educational challenges for parental mental health.
Rapid Generation of 2‐Acyl‐4‐phenyltetralones from 1,1‐Diacylphenylcyclopropanes
Authors: Henneveld Jackson S. , Gilmer Selena C. L. , Lucas Nigel T. , Hawkins Bill C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA rapid and facile method of accessing 4‐phenyl‐β‐keto‐α‐tetralones is reported. The key homo‐Nazarov cyclization was achieved via treatment of the preceding phenylcyclopropane with TiCl4 at below ambient temperatures. In contrast to previous work, which was limited to electron‐rich substrates, the present transformations proceeded without heating and were applicable to an electronically broad range of substrates. Furthermore, a mechanistically novel reaction afforded an unexpected γ‐diarylketone as well as a rearranged regioisomer of the expected α‐tetralone.
General, Metal‐free Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber Assemblies from Plant Oils
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Li Xinzhe , Antonietti Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe designed a metal‐free synthesis of carbon nanofiber based on ketene chemistry using phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and vegetable oil. Based on the characterization of intermediates, P2O5‐oil reaction yielded most possibly alkylketenes, which polymerized into poly(ketene) with abundant enol groups. The enol groups further reacted with P2O5, forcing the poly(ketene) to assemble into a nano‐sized preassembly structure. Moderate heating transforms these structures into carbonaceaus nanofibers. This approach is applicable to other chemicals with similar structure to vegetable oil. The carbon nanofibers with P‐O‐C functionalization show relatively high graphitization degree and promising textural properties. The C‐O‐P environment accounts for 66 at % of the total P and creates a superior thermal stability. As a model application, a CDI system built of a carbon‐nanofiber‐based electrode countered by an activated carbon‐based electrode exhibited exceptional performance.
Synthesis of zwitterionic polymer and its application in textile stiffening finish
Authors: Yu Xia , Min Jie , Dai Xianghui , Pan Jian Jun , Zhang Xiaoting 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDevelopment of formaldehyde‐free stiffening finish agents is highly desirable in modern environmental‐friendly textile chemical processing technologies. Herein, two zwitterionic monomers are synthesized and used to synthesize a series of acrylate soap‐free emulsions. The prepared acrylate soap‐free emulsion was analyzed by nanoparticle size analyzer to determine grain size and PDI. The properties of polymer film obtained from emulsion were characterized by IR, DSC, and DMA. The results showed that zwitterionic monomer in acrylate emulsion can greatly improve the glass transition temperature (Tg) and initial tensile modulus of polymer film, and that ambient temperature had little effect on initial tensile modulus. It was found that when the amount of zwitterionic monomer is 3% of the total monomer dosage, the synthesized polymer emulsion can achieve the same stiffening effect as that of commercial stiffening agents. Meanwhile, the stiffness of finished fabric is less affected by the change in ambient temperature. The effective Tg increase and high initial tensile modulus of these zwitterionic polymers demonstrate their applicability in stiffening finish for seat belts.
Water‐assisted melt processing of cellulose biocomposites with poly(ε‐caprolactone) or poly(ethylene‐acrylic acid) for the production of carton screw caps
Authors: Venkatesh Abhijit , Forsgren Lilian , Avella Angelica , Banke Karl , Wahlberg Jan , Vilaseca Fabiola , Lo Re Giada , Boldizar Antal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComposites in 25 kg batches were compounded of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and shaped into caps at industrial facilities on a pilot‐plant scale. Some of the material was also injection molded into plaques to compare the effect of laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale compounding of poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) (EAA7) and poly(caprolactone) composites reinforced with 10 wt% CNC and TMP. The materials compounded under laboratory‐scale conditions showed a different morphology, improved mechanical properties, and a higher viscosity, than the materials compounded on a pilot‐scale. In some cases, the rheological properties of the melts indicated the presence of a relatively strong percolating cellulosic network, and the interphase region between the cellulose and the matrix appears to be important for the mechanical performance of the composites. After the compounding on a pilot scale, both the length and width of the pulp fibers was reduced. The TMP provided better reinforcement than the CNC possibly due to the higher aspect ratio.
Reactive extrusion of biodegradable PGA/PBAT blends to enhance flexibility and gas barrier properties
Authors: Ellingford Christopher , Samantaray Paresh Kumar , Farris Stefano , McNally Tony , Tan Bowen , Sun Zhaoyang , Huang Weijie , Ji Yang , Wan Chaoying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong commercial biodegradable polyesters, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has been rarely investigated for packaging applications, despite its unique advantages such as 100% compostability, high degree of crystallinity, high thermal stability and high gas barrier properties. The application of PGA has been limited by its mechanical brittleness, moisture sensitivity, and high melting temperature (~240°C), restricting its processing and applications for film packaging. In this study, PGA was modified by blending with poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) via melt‐extrusion. A commercial terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic ester and glycidyl methacrylate (EMA‐GMA) was selected for compatibilization. The phase morphology, rheology, thermal, mechanical and gas barrier properties of the blends were investigated. With addition of 20 wt. % EMA‐GMA, the elongation of PGA/PBAT (50/50 wt. %) blends was improved from 10.7% to 145%, the oxygen permeability was reduced from 125 to 103 (cm3 mm)/(m2 24 h atm), and the water vapor barrier performance was improved by ~47%. The enhancement in ductility, oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of the flexible blends were ascribed to the interfacial bonding between PBAT and PGA enabled by EMA‐GMA. The compatibilized PGA/PBAT blends with high thermal stability up to 300°C are preferable for high temperature or hot food packaging.
Polypropylene‐based soft ternary blends for power cable insulation at low‐to‐high temperature
Authors: Hong Shin‐Ki , Lee Seong Hwan , Han Jin Ah , Ahn Myung Sang , Park Hoyyul , Han Se Won , Lee Dae Ho , Yu Seunggun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used as a power cable insulation material in electricity infrastructure for decades, it is necessary to find alternatives that exhibit higher performance than XLPE to meet the increasing demand of the industry. To this end, polypropylene (PP) ternary blends that are soft and exhibit high temperature stability were fabricated by melt blending isotactic PP, ethylene‐1‐octene polyolefin elastomer and ethylene‐propylene random copolymer. These blends exhibited improved higher impact resistance at low temperatures (−40°C) and room temperature than pristine iPP. The blends were mechanically stable even when the temperature was increased to ~120°C, unlike XLPE that exhibited rapid degradation of its modulus above ~90°C. Moreover, the soft ternary blends exhibited increased direct current volume resistivity and breakdown strength. Our work realizes the development of high‐performance insulators for power cables that can be used over a wide range of temperatures from cold to hot environments.
Melt behavior of polypropylene‐co‐ethylene composites filled with dual component of sago and kenaf natural filler
Authors: Rahim Nor Azura Abdul , Xian Loo Yu , Munusamy Yamuna , Zakaria Zunaida , Ramarad Suganti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA dual component natural filler system featuring discrete function appears to be suitable for modulating smooth flow of pseudo‐plastic into formulated biodegradable polymer composite. Polypropylene‐co‐ethylene (PPcoE) filled with sago starch and different kenaf powder loadings were compounded using co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder to produce dual component polymer composite. The flow characteristics of the composites were measured using capillary rheometer and Bagley corrections were performed to achieve the true rheological data. In addition, data collected from the twin‐screw extruder were used to calculate the composite apparent rheological value. The flow properties of PPcoE filled with sago starch (PPcoE/sago) exhibited deviation from the common non‐Newtonian thermoplastic flow paths at high shear rates. Interestingly, the addition of kenaf powder into the PPcoE/sago starch blend stabilized the melted composite flow stream. The calculation of interfacial tension revealed that the flow corrections were related to the phase selective localization of kenaf particle, which preferably embedded between the sago particles rather than in the surrounding PPcoE phase thus reducing the effect of sago clustering. At higher extrusion temperature, the extruded composite indicated sign of flow instability due to factors of high amount of kenaf powder loading and the degradation of sago starch and PPcoE chains.
Performance of the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies in Patients With Myositis‐Specific Autoantibodies
Authors: Casal‐Dominguez Maria , Pinal‐Fernandez Iago , Pak Katherine , Huang Wilson , Selva‐O'Callaghan Albert , Albayda Jemima , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Paik Julie J. , Tiniakou Eleni , Mecoli Christopher A. , Lloyd Thomas E. , Danoff Sonye K. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Mammen Andrew L. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveWe undertook this study to 1) determine the sensitivity of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) to properly classify myositis‐specific autoantibody (MSA)–positive myositis patients, 2) describe the phenotype and muscle involvement over time in different MSA‐positive patients, and 3) compare MSA subgroups to EULAR/ACR criteria–defined myositis subgroups for their capacity to predict clinical phenotypes in patients with IIMs.MethodsThe study included 524 MSA‐positive myositis patients from the Johns Hopkins Myositis Center. Each patient was classified using the EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Patient phenotypes were summarized using factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD). We compared the ability of MSAs to that of the EULAR/ACR classification subgroups to predict the phenotype of patients by applying the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criteria (BIC) to the linear regression models.ResultsOverall, 91% of MSA‐positive patients met the EULAR/ACR criteria to be classified as having myositis. However, 20% of patients with anti–hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (anti‐HMGCR) and 50% of patients with anti–PL‐7 were incorrectly classified as not having myositis. Furthermore, ~10% of patients with anti–signal recognition particle (anti‐SRP) and patients with anti‐HMGCR were misclassified as having inclusion body myositis. FAMD demonstrated that patients within each MSA‐defined subgroup had similar phenotypes. Application of both the AIC and BIC to the linear regression models revealed that MSAs were better predictors of myositis phenotypes than the subgroups defined by the EULAR/ACR criteria.ConclusionAlthough the EULAR/ACR criteria successfully classified 91% of MSA‐positive myositis patients, certain MSA‐defined subgroups, including those with autoantibodies against HMGCR, SRP, and PL‐7, are frequently misclassified. In myositis patients with MSAs, autoantibodies outperform the EULAR/ACR‐defined myositis subgroups in predicting the clinical phenotypes of patients. These findings underscore the need to include MSAs in a revised myositis classification scheme.
Designing microfluidic devices for behavioral screening of multiple zebrafish larvae
Authors: Khalili Arezoo , van Wijngaarden Ellen , Youssef Khaled , Zoidl Georg R. , Rezai Pouya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrofluidic devices are being used for phenotypic screening of zebrafish larvae in fundamental and pre‐clinical research. A challenge for the broad use of these microfluidic devices is their low throughput, especially in behavioral assays. Previously, we introduced the tail locomotion of a semi‐mobile zebrafish larva evoked on‐demand with electric signal in a microfluidic device. Here, we report the lessons learned for increasing the number of specimens from one to four larvae in this device.Methods and ResultsMultiple parameters including loading and testing time per fish and loading and orientation efficiencies were refined to optimize the performance of modified designs. Flow and electric field simulations within the final device provided insight into the flow behavior and functionality of traps when compared to previous single‐larva devices. Outcomes led to a new design which decreased the testing time per larva by ≈60%. Further, loading and orientation efficiencies increased by more than 80%. Critical behavioral parameters such as response duration and tail beat frequency were similar in both single and quadruple‐fish devices.ConclusionThe developed microfluidic device has significant advantages for greater throughput and efficiency when behavioral phenotyping is required in various applications, including chemical testing in toxicology and gene screening.