bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical course of a patient with anorexia nervosa receiving surgery for superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: Kurisu Ken , Yamanaka Yukari , Yamazaki Tadahiro , Yoneda Ryo , Otani Makoto , Takimoto Yoshiyuki , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a well-known but relatively rare complication of anorexia nervosa. Although several reports have proposed surgery for SMA syndrome associated with anorexia nervosa, these have shown poor outcomes or did not reveal the long-term weight course. Thus, the long-term effectiveness of surgery for SMA syndrome in such cases remains unclear. This case report describes a patient with anorexia nervosa who underwent surgery for SMA syndrome.

Case presentation
An 18-year-old woman presented with anorexia nervosa when she was 16 years old. She also presented with SMA syndrome, which seemed to be caused by weight loss due to the eating disorder. Nutrition therapy initially improved her body weight, but she ceased treatment. She reported that symptoms related to SMA syndrome had led to her weight loss and desired to undergo surgery. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was performed, but her body weight did not improve after the surgery. The patient eventually received conservative nutritional treatment along with psychological approaches, which led to an improvement in her body weight.

Conclusions
The case implies that surgery for SMA syndrome in patients with anorexia nervosa is ineffective for long-term weight recovery and that conservative treatment can sufficiently improve body weight; this is consistent with the lack of evidence on the topic and reports on potential complications of surgery. Due to difficulties in assessing psychological status, consultation with specialists on eating disorders is necessary for treating patients with severely low body weight.
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor of the accessory papilla of the duodenum: a case report
Authors: Takagi Kosei , Umeda Yuzo , Yoshida Ryuichi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yasui Kazuya , Sato Hiroki , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Contrary to the increasing incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), GEP-NETs of the accessory papilla of the duodenum are extremely rare. Furthermore, there have been no recommendations regarding the treatment strategy for GEP-NETs of the accessory papilla of the duodenum. We present a case of GEP-NET of the accessory papilla of the duodenum successfully treated with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy.

Case presentation
A case of a 70-year-old complaining of no symptoms was diagnosed with GEP-NET of the accessory papilla of the duodenum. A 8-mm tumor was located at the submucosal layer with a biopsy demonstrating a neuroendocrine tumor grade 1. The patient underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy as curative resection for the tumor. The total operative time was 406 min with an estimated blood loss of 150 mL. The histological examination revealed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with low Ki-67 index (< 1%). In the posterior areas of the pancreas, the lymph node metastases were detected. The patient was followed up for 6 months with no recurrence postoperatively.

Conclusions
Considering the potential risks of the lymph node metastases, the standard treatment strategy for GEP-NETs of the accessory papilla of the duodenum should be radical resection with pancreatoduodenectomy. Minimally invasive approach can be the alternative to the conventional open surgery.
Phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of Spondias mombin Linn. Stem bark
Authors: Orumwensodia Kissinger Obaogie , Uadia Patrick Ojeifo , Choudhary Muhammed Iqbal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Spondias mombin Linn. is a tropical climate plant with wide applications in ethnomedicinal practice. This study evaluates the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of the plant’s stem bark.

Methods
Dried stem bark sample of Spondias mombin Linn. was subjected to exhaustive extraction and partitioned into sub-fractions (hexane-ethylacetate, ethylacetate, ethylacetate-methanol and methanol) by graded polarity technique. The phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity indices of the crude hydro-ethanol extract and fractions were evaluated using Lemna minor and brine shrimp lethality assays, respectively, while chemical composition of the oily hexane:ethylacetate fraction was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique.

Results
Phytotoxicity was dose-dependent which ranged from low (crude plant extract), moderate (hexane-ethylacetate and methanol fractions), high (ethylaacetate-methanol fraction) to significant toxicity (ethylacetate fraction) at the highest dose. However, for brine shrimp lethality assay only hexane-ethylacetate (LD50: 284.02 μg/mL) and ethylacetate (LD50: 210.24 μg/mL) fractions were cytotoxic at the highest dose. The GC-MS profile of the oily hexane:ethylacetate fraction identified sixty-eight compounds comprising hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, steroids, nitrogen and fluoride-containing compounds, terpenes and esters.

Conclusion
This study concludes that fractions of Spondias mombin Lin. could be potentially toxic. While its phytotoxic potential can be useful in the agrochemical industry for the production of natural herbicides, its cytotoxic property can be cautiously harnessed for ethnomedicinal purposes.
Genetic diversity and plant growth-promoting activity of the dominant bacteria from canola plants in Western Iran
Authors: Jamalzadeh Azadeh , Darvishnia Mostafa , Khodakaramian Gholam , Bazgir Eydi , Zafari Doostmorad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used as a safe and sustainable agricultural measure to increase plant yield. In this study, cultivable rhizospheric, endophytic, and epiphytic bacteria associated with canola were isolated on nutrient agar medium. The SDS-PAGE method was used for grouping the bacterial strains. Bacterial strains with more than 80% similarity in their protein patterns were placed in the same species and selected as a representative for partial 16S rRNA encoding gene sequence analysis.

Results
It was found that the bacteria used in this study belonged to Pseudomonas, Frigoribacterium, Sphingomonas, Sphingobacterium, Microbacterium, Bacillus, and Rhodococcus genera. Three PGP bioactivities including siderophore production, nitrogen fixation ability, and phosphate solubilization were evaluated for 18 Pseudomonas representative strains. All tested strains were able to produce siderophore, although only 5 strains could fix nitrogen and none was able to solubilize phosphate. Greenhouse experiments showed that 4 bacterial strains (i.e., 8312, 642, 1313W, and 9421) significantly affected canola seed germination and seedling growth. Bacterial strain 8312, which was identified as Pseudomonas sp., showed the highest effect on the growth of the canola plant. These results indicated the potential of strain 8312 to be used as a biofertilizer in canola cultivation.

Conclusions
The results of this research indicated that canola-related bacteria were diverse during the flowering stage. One isolate had a significant effect on all canola plant growth factors in the greenhouse. Hence, it is recommended to investigate this strain further in field infestation experiments.
In-vivo application of low frequency alternating currents on porcine cervical vagus nerve evokes reversible nerve conduction block
Authors: Muzquiz Maria Ivette , Richardson Lindsay , Vetter Christian , Smolik Macallister , Alhawwash Awadh , Goodwill Adam , Bashirullah Rizwan , Carr Michael , Yoshida Ken 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
This paper describes a method to reversibly block nerve conduction through direct application of a 1 Hz sinusoidal current waveform delivered through a bipolar nerve cuff electrode. This low frequency alternating current (LFAC) waveform was previously shown to reversibly block the effects of vagal pulse stimulation evoked bradycardia in-vivo in the anaesthetised rat model (Mintch et al. 2019). The present work measured the effectiveness of LFAC block on larger caliber myelinated vagal afferent fibers in human sized nerve bundles projecting to changes in breathing rate mediated by the Hering-Breuer (HB) reflex in anaesthetized domestic swine (n=5).

Methods
Two bipolar cuff electrodes were implanted unilaterally to the left cervical vagus nerve, which was crushed caudal to the electrodes to eliminate cardiac effects. A tripolar recording cuff electrode was placed rostral to the bipolar stimulating electrodes on the same nerve to measure changes in the compound nerve action potentials (CNAP) elicited by the vagal pulse stimulation and conditioned by the LFAC waveform. Standard pulse stimulation was applied at a sufficient level to induce a reduction in breathing rate through the HB reflex. If unblocked, the HB reflex would cause breathing to slow down and potentially halt completely. Block was quantified by the ability of LFAC to reduce the effect of the HB reflex by monitoring the respiration rate during LFAC alone, LFAC and vagal stimulation, and vagal stimulation alone.

Results
LFAC achieved 87.2 ±8.8% block (n=5) at current levels of 1.1 ±0.3 mAp (current to peak), which was well within the water window of the working electrode. CNAP showed changes that directly correlated to the effectiveness of LFAC block, which manifested itself as the slowing and amplitude reduction of components of the CNAP.

Conclusion
These novel findings suggest that LFAC is a potential alternative or complementary method to other electrical blocking techniques in clinical applications.
HMGB1, neuronal excitability and epilepsy
Authors: Dai Sijie , Zheng Yang , Wang Yi , Chen Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEpilepsy is a common neurological disease caused by synchronous firing of hyperexcitable neurons. Currently, anti-epileptic drugs remain the main choice to control seizure, but 30% of patients are resistant to the drugs, which calls for more research on new promising targets. Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the development of epilepsy. As an important inflammatory factor, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) has shown elevated expression and an increased proportion of translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in patients with epilepsy and in multiple animal models of epilepsy. HMGB1 can act on downstream receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products, thereby activating interleukin (IL)-1β and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn act with glutamate receptors such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to aggravate hyperexcitability and epilepsy. The hyperexcitability can in turn stimulate the expression and translocation of HMGB1. Blocking HMGB1 and its downstream signaling pathways may be a direction for antiepileptic drug therapy. Here, we review the changes of HMGB1-related pathway in epileptic brains and its role in the modulation of neuronal excitability and epileptic seizure. Furthermore, we discuss the potentials of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target for epilepsy and provide perspective on future research on the role of HMGB1 signaling in epilepsy.
Gödel-type solutions in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Authors: Gonçalves J. S. , Santos A. F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity is an approach to modified gravity in which is added to the usual Einstein-Hilbert action a supplementary term containing a Palatini-type correction of the form

. Here,

is the Palatini curvature scalar, which is constructed from an independent connection and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. This theory describes a non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry. The modified Einstein field equations in this hybrid metric-Palatini approach are obtained. Then, it is investigated whether this modified theory of gravity and its field equations allow Gödel-type solutions, which essentially lead to violation of causality. Considering physically well-motivated matter sources, causal and non-causal solutions are explored.
Outcomes of primary and recurrent inguinal hernia repair with prosthetic mesh in a single region over 15 years
Authors: Smith L , Magowan D , Singh R , Stephenson BM 
Published: June 2021

Background Sutured inguinal hernia repairs are now uncommon, with evidence suggesting that those augmented with mesh are associated with a lower recurrence rate. We aimed to explore the suggestion that the established use of mesh does indeed lower the rate of operation for recurrence in a single National Health Service region. Method We collected retrospective Office of Population Censuses and Surveys coded data across one region of all primary and recurrent inguinal hernia repairs over 15 years (2004–2019). Electronic records of recurrent repairs were scrutinised to identify year and type of previous primary repair. Results In total, 7,234 repairs were performed during this time, of which 289 (4%) were for symptomatic recurrence. Operations for primary repair increased year on year (111 in 2004 to 402 in 2019). Frequency of operation for recurrent herniation declined with increasing use of mesh (8.8% in 2004 to 3.5% in 2019). The majority of repairs (73%) for recurrence were by an open approach. As opposed to an open mesh repair, a primary laparoscopic repair was associated with an earlier recurrence. Conclusions Inguinal hernia repairs are increasing in frequency but operations for later symptomatic recurrence following an open primary prosthetic mesh repair are not.
Assessing the performance and learning curve of orthopaedic surgical trainees in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: McCulloch RA , Howgate D , Gibbs VN , Palmer AJR , Taylor AH , Kendrick BJL 
Published: June 2021

Introduction The aims of this study were threefold: first, to review the surgical performance of trainees in our departments by reviewing postoperative radiographs and operative times; second, to investigate the effect of supervision and assistant grade on postoperative radiographs and operative times; and third, to monitor trainees over a 6-month period looking for changes in postoperative radiograph appearances and operative times to assess whether these parameters reflect a trainee’s learning curve. Methods A retrospective evaluation of a continuous series of primary hip arthroplasty procedures performed by 12 trainee orthopaedic surgeons (StR) during their arthroplasty rotation. In total, 348 primary total hip replacement (pTHR) operations were performed by StRs. Operative time, acetabular cup inclination, radiological leg length discrepancy (rLLD), femoral stem alignment (FSA) and the Barrack score for cementation were evaluated. The mean number of pTHRs performed per 6-month placement was 29 (range 15–51). Operative times were available for 292 cases and all postoperative imaging was evaluated. Results The mean operative time for StRs as first-surgeon was 84.3 minutes (range 42–174 minutes). Significant differences in operative times were observed between individual StRs. As a cohort, the operative times were not affected by the level of supervision but were significantly slower when StRs were assisted by other StRs. Significant differences in rLLD, FSA and Barrack score for cementation were observed across the cohort of StRs, although this did not change at a group or individual level between the first and second halves of the 6-month placement. Conclusions Used in isolation, postoperative radiographs and operative time are not an effective measure of the learning curve in primary hip arthroplasty, however, they may be a useful adjunct in assessing the performance of orthopaedic trainees when learning primary hip arthroplasty.
Using knowledge brokering to produce community-generated evidence
Authors: Harris Janet , Springett Jane , Mathews Debbie , Weston Guy , Foster Alexis 
Published: June 2021

Background:Devolution and integration of health and social care have placed increasing pressure on local statutory services, with a corresponding shift of health and social care to community organisations. The voluntary and charitable sector (VCS) is expected to make the case for increased funding by providing evidence of value and impact.
Aims and objectives:This paper explores the challenges of compiling evidence on health outcomes which do not reflect the holistic nature of VCS support. We document how knowledge brokering can be used to enable the VCS to generate evidence.
Key conclusions:Knowledge brokering (KB) may be an effective approach for developing community-generated evidence. Brokering is also needed to change perspectives on what counts as good evidence
Public-academic partnerships to foster use of research evidence in improving youth outcomes: findings from document analysis
Authors: Page Amy P. , Olubiyi Oluwatoyin B. , Wong Yin-Ling Irene , Kang-Yi Christina D. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Although public-academic partnerships (PAPs) to improve the health and well-being of vulnerable populations have proliferated in public care for youth, existing literature lacks information about whether PAPs lead to public care agency leaders’ use of research evidence and promote youth mental health and well-being.
Aims and objectives:The document analysis was conducted to understand PAP contexts and mechanisms leading to public care agency leaders’ use of research evidence. This paper introduces US public mental health and child welfare systems, shares strategies of identifying PAPs, obtaining and conducting systematic document review of PAPs, and documents analysis findings.
Methods:This project conducted document analysis of US PAPs aiming to improve mental health and promote well-being of youth aged 12–25 years.
Findings:The 23 PAPs analysed had diverse partnership goals including implementation and dissemination of research/evaluation evidence, information sharing, and prioritising and streamlining research priorities. PAPs sustained longer than 10 years had more focused goals of programme and policy evaluations and professional training, while PAPs 10 years or newer were engaged in more diverse goals. The majority of PAPs used journal articles, presentations, and multimedia as dissemination strategies of findings. Fewer than half of the PAPs reported on use of PAP-generated evidence in subsequent decision making by public care agency leaders.
Discussion and conclusions:Further research should examine which mechanisms link partnership contexts, PAP leaders’ research evidence use, and youth outcomes improvement. Future research should also examine PAPs by detailed stages of development and ask PAP leaders directly about their evidence use.
Anamorphic objective design for extreme ultraviolet lithography at the 5∼1  nm technology node
Authors: Liu Mo , Li Yanqiu 
Published: June 2021

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) has been applied in integrated circuit manufacture at the 9–7 nm technology node, in which the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective is 0.33, and the reduction of the objective is 4 along both the

x

and

y

direction. The high

N
A

(
≥

0.55

)

objective with anamorphic magnification of 8 and 4 reduction ratios in the scanning direction along the

y

axis (My8) and

x

axis (Mx4), respectively, was proposed at

5

∼

1

n
m

technology node. In optical theory, a high NA objective corresponds to high resolution of a lithography image. However, high NA objective, large exposure field of view (

26

m
m

×

1.5

∼

2

m
m

), and strict lithography performance are severely restricted or conflict with each other, which makes the optical design too difficult to realize. A new, to the best of our knowledge, design of an anamorphic objective with a free-form surface is implemented in this paper. The design method with manufacturability potential and a high optimization degree of freedom is established. By this design method, the number of terms of

x

−

y

free-form surface shape coefficients can be controlled well, the aberration compensation can be improved significantly, and the optimization degree of freedom and manufacturability is optimized. The objective lens design meets the requirements of imaging performance for NA 0.55 EUV lithography.
Risk of adverse events in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Zero-inflated Poisson regression mixture model for count data and multinomial logit model for the type of event
Authors: Gemma Marco , Pennoni Fulvia , Tritto Roberta , Agostoni Massimo 
Published: June 2021

Background and aimsWe analyze the possible predictive variables for Adverse Events (AEs) during sedation for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.MethodsWe consider 23,788 GI endoscopies under sedation on adults between 2012 and 2019. A Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression Mixture (ZIPRM) model for count data with concomitant variables is applied, accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and evaluating the risks of multi-drug sedation. A multinomial logit model is also estimated to evaluate cardiovascular, respiratory, hemorrhagic, other AEs and stopping the procedure risk factors.ResultsIn 7.55% of cases, one or more AEs occurred, most frequently cardiovascular (3.26%) or respiratory (2.77%). Our ZIPRM model identifies one population for non-zero counts. The AE-group reveals that age >75 years yields 46% more AEs than age <66 years; Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥27 27% more AEs than BMI <21; emergency 11% more AEs than routine. Any one-point increment in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and the Mallampati score determines respectively a 42% and a 16% increment in AEs; every hour prolonging endoscopy increases AEs by 41%.Regarding sedation with propofol alone (the sedative of choice), adding opioids to propofol increases AEs by 43% and adding benzodiazepines by 51%.Cardiovascular AEs are increased by age, ASA score, smoke, in-hospital, procedure duration, midazolam/fentanyl associated with propofol.Respiratory AEs are increased by BMI, ASA and Mallampati scores, emergency, in-hospital, procedure duration, midazolam/fentanyl associated with propofol.Hemorrhagic AEs are increased by age, in-hospital, procedure duration, midazolam/fentanyl associated with propofol.The risk of suspension of the endoscopic procedure before accomplishment is increased by female gender, ASA and Mallampati scores, and in-hospital, and it is reduced by emergency and procedure duration.ConclusionsAge, BMI, ASA score, Mallampati score, in-hospital, procedure duration, other sedatives with propofol increase the risk for AEs during sedation for GI endoscopy.