bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrastructural Connectivity and Difference
Authors: Kelly Ashley Scott , Lu Xiaoxuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter, Infrastructural connectivity and difference, presents two strategic planning proposals dealing with “direct” impacts of the construction of the China-Laos Railway. Practices of “sustainable” development, in those practices’ approaches, however genuine, to physically and economically connect communities to new markets and generate new economies, disrupt preexisting modes of connectivity, whether socioeconomic, cultural or ecological. One proposal offers strategies to mitigate the socioecological impacts of temporary access roads built tends of kilometers into rural landscape to construct the China-Laos Railway, while the other proposal offers physical and organizational strategies for impacted agricultural communities to mitigate the disruption of irrigation networks, fragmented farmlands, issues of development transparency and uncertainty in compensation timelines. Through these proposals’ analyses and strategic deployment of connectivity and emphasis of cultural and ecological difference, they may help reform discourse on the assessment of cumulative impacts in the development process.
Northern Scientific Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Kelly Ashley Scott , Lu Xiaoxuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter features three planning proposals focused on the ideological friction between Northern scientific knowledge and indigenous knowledge. Northern scientific knowledge has enabled and legitimized various territorialization projects since the establishment of the Lao PDR. Over the past decade, the application of such knowledge has diversified and expanded along with Laos’s increasing integration into the socio-economic geography of the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor. Unlike World Bank-funded green-neoliberal development that dominated Laos in the 1990s and 2000s, some China-funded projects are furthering the green neoliberal valuation of ecosystems in monetary terms and these ecosystems’ conservation by means of market dynamics. These ecosystem territories inevitably overlap with the country’s indigenous territories and their natural resource-dependent communities. The three planning proposals featured in this chapter foreground Laos’s remarkable human diversity and local communities’ valuable traditional ecological knowledge and practices. These planning proposals are situated in a diverse range of socio-ecological contexts, namely Nam Ha National Protected Area, a protected forest in Luang Prabang, and agricultural land within the capital Vientiane. Collectively, these proposals focus on agrarian populations influenced by old or new forms of land enclosure, investigating possible scenarios that may lead to more equal power relationships between the scientific and indigenous knowledge regimes.
Consolidating and Contesting Authoritarian Neoliberalism in Turkey: Towards a Framework
Authors: Borsuk İmren , Dinç Pınar , Kavak Sinem , Sayan Pınar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the early years of the ruling Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP), Turkey was seen as a burgeoning democratic power propped up by economic prosperity in line with the reforms for European Union (EU) accession and International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality. However, 20 years later, it is considered an emblematic case of democratic backsliding in line with rising poverty and inequalities that have been amplified as a result of sweeping neoliberal reforms and authoritarian consolidation in the country. The recent literature has identified these concomitant and complementary modes of authoritarian governance and neoliberal policies in Turkey as ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. In this chapter, we discuss the dynamics of consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey as well as the acts of contention against it. Building mainly on the eight case studies presented in this volume, we put forward a framework that explains the consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey through the mechanisms of executive centralisation, autocratic legalism, cronyism, violence-fuelled rentier accumulation, criminalisation and stigmatisation, and contestations against authoritarian neoliberalism through strikes, protests, demonstrations, network building, litigation, everyday struggles, and armed acts of contention.
2D holography beyond the Jackiw-Teitelboim model
Authors: Ecker Florian , Valcárcel Carlos , Vassilevich Dmitri 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Having in mind extensions of 2D holography beyond the Jackiw-Teitelboim model we propose holographic counterterms and asymptotic conditions for a family of asymptotically AdS2 dilaton gravity models leading to a consistent variational problem and a finite on-shell action. We show the presence of asymptotic Virasoro symmetries in all these models. The Schwarzian action generates (a part) of the equations of motion governing the asymptotic degrees of freedom. We also analyse the applicability of various entropy formulae. By a dilaton-dependent conformal transformation our results are extended to an even larger class of models having exotic asymptotic behavior. We also analyse asymptotic symmetries for some other classes of dilaton gravities without, however, constructing holographic counterterms.
Long-range vector models at large N
Authors: Chai Noam , Goykhman Mikhail , Sinha Ritam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We calculate various CFT data for the O(N) vector model with the long-range interaction, working at the next-to-leading order in the 1/N expansion. Our results provide additional evidence for the existence of conformal symmetry at the long-range fixed point, as well as the continuity of the CFT data at the long-range to short-range crossover point s* of the exponent parameter s. We also develop the N > 1 generalization of the recently proposed IR duality between the long-range and the deformed short-range models, providing further evidence for its non-perturbative validity in the entire region d/2 < s < s*.
The C-terminal peptide of CCL21 drastically augments CCL21 activity through the dendritic cell lymph node homing receptor CCR7 by interaction with the receptor N-terminus
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid Sissel , Brandum Emma Probst , Mikkelsen Jeppe Malthe , Orfin Klaudia A. , Boilesen Ditte Rahbæk , Egerod Kristoffer Lihme , Moussouras Natasha A. , Vilhardt Frederik , Kalinski Pawel , Basse Per , Chen Yen-Hsi , Yang Zhang , Dwinell Michael B. , Volkman Brian F. , Veldkamp Christopher T. , Holst Peter Johannes , Lahl Katharina , Goth Christoffer Knak , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Hjortø Gertrud Malene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe endogenous chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 signal via their common receptor CCR7. CCL21 is the main lymph node homing chemokine, but a weak chemo-attractant compared to CCL19. Here we show that the 41-amino acid positively charged peptide, released through C-terminal cleavage of CCL21, C21TP, boosts the immune cell recruiting activity of CCL21 by up to 25-fold and the signaling activity via CCR7 by ~ 100-fold. Such boosting is unprecedented. Despite the presence of multiple basic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding motifs, C21TP boosting of CCL21 signaling does not involve interference with GAG mediated cell-surface retention. Instead, boosting is directly dependent on O-glycosylations in the CCR7 N-terminus. As dictated by the two-step binding model, the initial chemokine binding involves interaction of the chemokine fold with the receptor N-terminus, followed by insertion of the chemokine N-terminus deep into the receptor binding pocket. Our data suggest that apart from a role in initial chemokine binding, the receptor N-terminus also partakes in a gating mechanism, which could give rise to a reduced ligand activity, presumably through affecting the ligand positioning. Based on experiments that support a direct interaction of C21TP with the glycosylated CCR7 N-terminus, we propose that electrostatic interactions between the positively charged peptide and sialylated O-glycans in CCR7 N-terminus may create a more accessible version of the receptor and thus guide chemokine docking to generate a more favorable chemokine-receptor interaction, giving rise to the peptide boosting effect.
Ethical considerations and statistical analysis of industry involvement in machine learning research
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo , Meding Kristof 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndustry involvement in the machine learning (ML) community seems to be increasing. However, the quantitative scale and ethical implications of this influence are rather unknown. For this purpose, we have not only carried out an informed ethical analysis of the field, but have inspected all papers of the main ML conferences NeurIPS, CVPR, and ICML of the last 5 years—almost 11,000 papers in total. Our statistical approach focuses on conflicts of interest, innovation, and gender equality. We have obtained four main findings. (1) Academic–corporate collaborations are growing in numbers. At the same time, we found that conflicts of interest are rarely disclosed. (2) Industry papers amply mention terms that relate to particular trending machine learning topics earlier than academia does. (3) Industry papers are not lagging behind academic papers with regard to how often they mention keywords that are proxies for social impact considerations. (4) Finally, we demonstrate that industry papers fall short of their academic counterparts with respect to the ratio of gender diversity. We believe that this work is a starting point for an informed debate within and outside of the ML community.
Penetrating Colon Trauma—the Effect of Injury Location on Outcomes
Authors: Oosthuizen G. V. , Čačala S. R. , Kong V. Y. , Couch D. , Buitendag J. , Variawa S. , Allen N. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence to suggest that the more distal a penetrating colonic injury, the poorer its expected outcome, prompting consideration of diversion rather than anastomosis when faced with left colonic injury. The clinical outcomes of penetrating colonic trauma in relation to their anatomical location within the colon were reviewed.MethodsA review was performed over eight years (2012—2020) of all patients over 18 years who had sustained penetrating colon injury and presented to our trauma centre in South Africa. Direct comparison was made between right colon vs left colon injuries.ResultsA total of 450 patients were included; right colon: 260, left colon: 190. Gunshots predominated in the right colon, and the PATI was higher in this group. There were minimal differences in admission physiology and blood gas parameters between groups, but higher damage control surgery and ICU admission rates for the right colon group. There were similar rates of primary repair, anastomosis, and stoma between groups. Leak rates were no different between the two groups, and although overall complication rates were higher for the right colon, there was no difference with regard to gastro‐intestinal and other complications, nor for mortality. While regression analysis did identify PATI to be a risk factor for overall complications and mortality, it failed to do so for anastomotic leak.ConclusionOur study did not demonstrate any difference in anastomotic leak rates or mortality between right vs left colonic injury. We recommend that all colonic injuries should be treated on their own merit, balanced against the patient's condition, regardless of anatomical location within the colon.
Climate change over UK cities: the urban influence on extreme temperatures in the UK climate projections
Authors: Keat William J. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Bohnenstengel Sylvia I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing summer temperatures in a warming climate will increase the exposure of the UK population to heat-stress and associated heat-related mortality. Urban inhabitants are particularly at risk, as urban areas are often significantly warmer than rural areas as a result of the urban heat island phenomenon. The latest UK Climate Projections include an ensemble of convection-permitting model (CPM) simulations which provide credible climate information at the city-scale, the first of their kind for national climate scenarios. Using a newly developed urban signal extraction technique, we quantify the urban influence on present-day (1981–2000) and future (2061–2080) temperature extremes in the CPM compared to the coarser resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations over UK cities. We find that the urban influence in these models is markedly different, with the magnitude of night-time urban heat islands overestimated in the RCM, significantly for the warmest nights (up to $$4~^{\circ }$$

4

∘

C), while the CPM agrees much better with observations. This improvement is driven by the improved land-surface representation and more sophisticated urban scheme MORUSES employed by the CPM, which distinguishes street canyons and roofs. In future, there is a strong amplification of the urban influence in the RCM, whilst there is little change in the CPM. We find that future changes in soil moisture play an important role in the magnitude of the urban influence, highlighting the importance of the accurate representation of land-surface and hydrological processes for urban heat island studies. The results indicate that the CPM provides more reliable urban temperature projections, due at least in part to the improved urban scheme.
On the physical nudging equations
Authors: Conti Giovanni , Aydoğdu Ali , Gualdi Silvio , Navarra Antonio , Tribbia Joe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work we show how it is possible to derive a new set of nudging equations, a tool still used in many data assimilation problems, starting from statistical physics considerations and availing ourselves of stochastic parameterizations that take into account unresolved interactions. The fluctuations used are thought of as Gaussian white noise with zero mean. The derivation is based on the conditioned Langevin dynamics technique. Exploiting the relation between the Fokker–Planck and the Langevin equations, the nudging equations are derived for a maximally observed system that converges towards the observations in finite time. The new nudging term found is the analog of the so called quantum potential of the Bohmian mechanics. In order to make the new nudging equations feasible for practical computations, two approximations are developed and used as bases from which extending this tool to non-perfectly observed systems. By means of a physical framework, in the zero noise limit, all the physical nudging parameters are fixed by the model under study and there is no need to tune other free ad-hoc variables. The limit of zero noise shows that also for the classical nudging equations it is necessary to use dynamical information to correct the typical relaxation term. A comparison of these approximations with a 3DVar scheme, that use a conjugate gradient minimization, is then shown in a series of four twin experiments that exploit low order chaotic models.
Assessment of cervical vascularization density in patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma evaluated in colour Doppler and power Doppler functions
Authors: Tomalczyk Adam , Tomasik Bartłomiej , Fijuth Jacek , Moszynska-Zielinska Malgorzata , Gottwald Leszek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the prospective study was to assess changes during treatment and prognostic significance of cervical vascularization density in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) staged II B and III B and to find relationship of cervical vascularization density with tumour diameter, grading, staging and age of patients.

Methods
The study group included 50 patients who underwent transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography prior to chemoradiotherapy, after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 6 weeks after HDR brachytherapy. The colour Doppler (CD) vascularity index (CDVI) and the power Doppler (PD) vascularity index (PDVI) in cervical tumour were examined.

Results
CDVI and PDVI values decreased significantly during radiotherapy (0.13 (95% CI 0.09–0.16); 0.09 (95% CI 0.07–0.11) and 0.05 (95% CI 0.03–0.06) for CDVI (p < 0.001) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.22–0.31); 0.18 (95% CI 0.14–0.22) and 0.08 (95% CI 0.06–0.11) for PDVI (p < 0.001)). No statistically significant associations of CDVI and PDVI with tumour diameter, grading, staging and age of patients were found. The higher (above median) CDVI values before EBRT were associated with better OS (p = 0.041). The higher (above median) PDVI values before EBRT were associated with superior DFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p < 0.001). DFS and OS did not differ significantly regarding CDVI and PDVI values after EBRT and after the treatment.

Conclusions
In the study group, cervical vascularization density evaluated in CD and PD functions did not depend on tumour diameter, grading, staging and age of patients and decreased during radiotherapy. The prognosis for our patients with CDVI and PDVI before the treatment above the median value was better than compared to patients with these parameters below the median value.
What triggers explicit awareness in implicit sequence learning? Implications from theories of consciousness
Authors: Esser Sarah , Lustig Clarissa , Haider Hilde 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article aims to continue the debate on how explicit, conscious knowledge can arise in an implicit learning situation. We review hitherto existing theoretical views and evaluate their compatibility with two current, successful scientific concepts of consciousness: The Global Workspace Theory and Higher-Order Thought Theories. In this context, we introduce the Unexpected Event Hypothesis (Frensch et al., Attention and implicit learning, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003) in an elaborated form and discuss its advantage in explaining the emergence of conscious knowledge in an implicit learning situation.
Damping of inter-area oscillations by combining control strategies in hydropower plants
Authors: Fank Daniel , Renner Herwig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how the damping capability can be improved if inter-area oscillations occur by combining control strategies in hydropower plants. First, the control challenges of hydropower plants, such as the water hammer effect, are discussed. In a single-machine infinite bus system (SMIBS), the use of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) in the generator excitation and in the governor control path as well as the combination of both strategies are examined for their effectiveness in terms of their damping capability. In addition, these results are compared with an optimal state space controller with an observer as a damping element. The Heffron-Phillips model is the design model for the PSS as well as for the model-based controller. The verification of the damping capability through the PSS variants is evaluated by using a three-machine model in the time domain and by using modal analysis.
Hippocampussklerose im Alter: eine unterdiagnostizierte Entität bei Demenz
Authors: Bancher Christian , Gelpi Ellen 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Hippocampussklerose beschreibt das neuropathologische Bild einer Verödung unterschiedlicher Sektoren des Hippocampus. Sie tritt im Rahmen von 5 klinischen und neuropathologischen Entitäten auf. Während sie bei jungen Patienten im Rahmen einer Temporallappenepilepsie vorkommen kann, tritt sie weit häufiger im Rahmen degenerativer Hirnerkrankungen bei alten bis sehr alten Menschen auf. Hauptursachen sind die frontotemporale lobäre Degeneration, die sog. non-Alzheimer-Tauopathien oder die kürzlich beschriebene Entität „limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy“ (LATE), die wahrscheinlich für einen erklecklichen Anteil aller heute als Alzheimer-Krankheit diagnostizierten Demenzen im hohen bis höchsten Lebensalter ursächlich ist. Die Erkrankung ist klinisch noch wenig erforscht und wird in Anbetracht ihres Vorkommens bei der am schnellsten wachsenden Bevölkerungsgruppe in der Zukunft eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose darstellen.
Preoperative visualization of the lingual nerve by 3D double-echo steady-state MRI in surgical third molar extraction treatment
Authors: Al-Haj Husain Adib , Valdec Silvio , Stadlinger Bernd , Rücker Martin , Piccirelli Marco , Winklhofer Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the lingual nerve (LN) visualization using a 3D double-echo steady-state MRI sequence (3D-DESS).Materials and methodsThree readers prospectively evaluated the LN for its continuous visibility in 3D-DESS MRI in 19 patients with an indication for removal of mandibular impacted third molars, using a 5-point scale (4 = excellent to 0 = none). Six LN anatomical intermediate points (IP) were selected and checked for their detectability by a 4-point scale (4 = yes to1 = no). Inter- and intra-rater agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient and percentage of agreement.ResultsThe average nerve continuity score was 3.3 ± 0.46. In 35% of the cases, the entire course was continuously visible. In 10%, the proximal and 60%, the distal part of the nerve was not continuously visible. Inter- and intra-reader agreement was good (ICC = 0.76, ICC = 0.75). The average detectability score of all IP was 3.7 ± 0.41. From IP1 to IP5, the detectability was excellent; meanwhile, IP6 had lower visibility. The inter- and intra-reader percentage of agreement was 77% and 87%.ConclusionsThe 3D-DESS sequence allowed accurate and continuous visualization of the LN with high reproducibility in more than one-third of the patients. This could improve the preoperative clarification of the LN position and thereby reduce complications during dentoalveolar surgical interventions.Clinical relevance3D-DESS MRI might be beneficial in clinical scenarios where the second molar is elongated or presents a difficult rotational position while simultaneously having a close positional relationship to the third molar. Thereby, osteotomy performed more lingually, indicating extended lingual flap detachment may increase the risk of LN damage.
Polysomnographic correlates of sleep disturbances in de novo, drug naïve Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Orso Beatrice , Famà Francesco , Giorgetti Laura , Mattioli Pietro , Donniaquio Andrea , Girtler Nicola , Brugnolo Andrea , Massa Federico , Peira Enrico , Pardini Matteo , Morbelli Silvia , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbances
are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD).

Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate the polysomnographic correlates of sleep changes, as investigated by the Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2), in a cohort of sixty-two consecutive de novo, drug naïve PD patients (71.40 ± 7.84 y/o).

Results
PDSS-2 total score showed a direct correlation with stage shifts (p = 0.008). Fragmented sleep showed an inverse correlation with sleep efficiency (p = 0.012). Insomnia symptoms showed an inverse correlation with wake after sleep onset (p = 0.005) and direct correlation with periodic leg movements (p = 0.006) and stage shift indices (p = 0.003). Motor Symptoms showed a direct correlation with Apnoea-Hypopnoea (AHI; p = 0.02) and awakenings indices (p = 0.003). Dream distressing showed a direct correlation with REM without atonia (RWA, p = 0.042) and an inverse correlation with AHI (p = 0.012). Sleep quality showed an inverse correlation with RWA (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
PDSS-2 features are significantly correlated with polysomnography objective findings, thus further supporting its reliability to investigate sleep disturbances in PD patients.