bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term morbidity and mortality following radical cystectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Maibom Sophia Liff , Joensen Ulla Nordström , Poulsen Alicia Martin , Kehlet Henrik , Brasso Klaus , Røder Martin Andreas 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo study short-term (<90 days) morbidity and mortality following radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer and identify modifiable risk factors associated with these.DesignSystematic review.MethodsThe systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant papers on 11 June 2019 and rerun on 27 May 2020. Studies reporting complications, reoperations, length of stay and mortality within 90 days were included. Studies were reviewed according to criteria from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsThe search retrieved 1957 articles. Sixty-six articles were included. The quality of evidence was poor to good. Most studies were retrospective, and no randomised clinical trials were identified. Of included studies a median of 6 Martin criteria for reporting complications after surgery were fulfilled. The Clavien-Dindo classification for grading complications was most frequently used. The weighted overall complication rate after RC was 34.9% (range 28.8–68.8) for in-house complications, 39.0% (range 27.3–80.0) for 30-day complications and 58.5% (range 36.1–80.5) for 90-day complications. The most common types of complications reported were gastrointestinal (29.0%) and infectious (26.4%). The weighted mortality rate was 2.4% (range 0.9–4.7) for in-house mortality, 2.1% (0.0–3.7) for 30-day mortality and 4.7% (range 0.0–7.0) for 90-day mortality. Age and comorbidity were identified as the best predictors for complications following RC.ConclusionShort-term morbidity and mortality are high following RC. Reporting of complications is heterogeneous and the quality of evidence is generally low. There is a continuous need for randomised studies to address any intervention that can reduce morbidity and mortality following RC.PROSPERO registration number104937.
Barthel Index-based functional status as a prognostic factor in young and middle-aged adults with newly diagnosed gastric, colorectal and lung cancer: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morishima Toshitaka , Sato Akira , Nakata Kayo , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Koeda Nobuyuki , Shimada Hiroko , Maruhama Tsutomu , Matsuki Daisaku , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesFunctional status assessments of activities of daily living may improve prognostic precision during initial diagnostic evaluations in young and middle-aged adults with cancer. However, the association between pretreatment functional status and survival in these patients is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of functional status in young and middle-aged patients with cancer.DesignMulticentre retrospective cohort study.SettingWe used a cancer registry from Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The data were linked to administrative claims data from 35 hospitals in the same prefecture.ParticipantsPatients aged 18–69 years who received new diagnoses of gastric, colorectal or lung cancer between 2010 and 2014.Main outcome measureCox proportional hazards models of 5-year all-cause mortality were developed to examine the prognostic impact of pretreatment functional status, which was categorised into three levels of functional disability (none, moderate and severe) based on Barthel Index scores. The models controlled for age, sex, comorbidities, cancer stage and tumour histology.ResultsWe analysed 12 134 patients. Higher mortality risks were significantly associated with moderate functional disability (adjusted HR 1.44 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.75), 1.35 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.68) and 1.74 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.03) in patients with gastric, colorectal and lung cancer, respectively) and severe functional disability (adjusted HR 3.56 (95% CI 2.81 to 4.51), 2.37 (95% CI 1.89 to 2.95) and 2.34 (95% CI 2.00 to 2.75) in patients with gastric, colorectal and lung cancer, respectively).ConclusionAccounting for functional status at cancer diagnosis may improve the prediction of survival time in young and middle-aged adults with cancer. Functional status has potential applications in survival predictions and risk adjustments when analysing outcomes in patients with cancer.
Multicentre randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of favipiravir in adults with mild COVID-19
Authors: Bosaeed Mohammad , Alharbi Ahmad , Hussein Mohammad , Abalkhail Mohammed , Sultana Khizra , Musattat Abrar , Alqahtani Hajar , Alshamrani Majid , Mahmoud Ebrahim , Alothman Adel , Alsaedy Abdulrahman , Aldibasi Omar , Alhagan Khalid , Asiri Abdullah Mohammed , AlJohani Sameera , Al-Jeraisy Majed , Alaskar Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionA novel coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, caused an international outbreak of a respiratory illness, termed COVID-19 in December 2019. There is a lack of specific therapeutic agents based on evidence for this novel coronavirus infection; however, several medications have been evaluated as a potential therapy. Therapy is required to treat symptomatic patients and decrease the virus carriage duration to limit the communitytransmission.Methods and analysisWe hypothesise that patients with mild COVID-19 treated with favipiravir will have a shorter duration of time to virus clearance than the control group. The primary outcome is to evaluate the effect of favipiravir on the timing of the PCR test conversion from positive to negative within 15 days after starting the medicine.Adults (>18 years, men or nonpregnant women, diagnosed with mild COVID-19 within 5 days of disease onset) are being recruited by physicians participating from the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs and the Ministry of Health ethics committee approved primary healthcare centres. This double-blind, randomised trial comprises three significant parts: screening, treatment and a follow-up period. The treating physician and patients are blinded. Eligible participants are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the therapy group (favipiravir) or a control group (placebo) with 1800 mg by mouth two times per day for the first day, followed by 800 mg two times per day for 4–7 days. Serial nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples are obtained on day 1 (5 days before therapy). On day5±1 day, 10±1 day, 15±2 days, extra nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal PCR COVID-19 samples are requested.The primary analysis population for evaluating both the efficacy and safety outcomes will be a modified intention to treat population. Anticipating a 10% dropout rate, we expect to recruit 288 subjects per arm. The results assume that the hazard ratio is constant throughout the study and that the Cox proportional hazard regression is used to analyse the data.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre Institutional Review Board (28 April 2020) and the Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board (1 July 2020). Protocol details and any amendments will be reported tohttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04464408. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNational Clinical Trial Registry (NCT04464408).
Provider variability in the intraoperative use of neuromuscular blocking agents: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Althoff Friederike C , Xu Xinling , Wachtendorf Luca J , Shay Denys , Patrocinio Maria , Schaefer Maximilian S , Houle Timothy T , Fassbender Philipp , Eikermann Matthias , Wongtangman Karuna 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo assess variability in the intraoperative use of non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) across individual anaesthesia providers, surgeons and hospitals.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.SettingTwo major tertiary referral centres, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.Participants265 537 adult participants undergoing non-cardiac surgery between October 2005 and September 2017.Main outcome measuresWe analysed the variances in NMBA use across 958 anaesthesia and 623 surgical providers, across anaesthesia provider types (anaesthesia residents, certified registered nurse anaesthetists, attendings) and across hospitals using multivariable-adjusted mixed effects logistic regression. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were calculated to further quantify the variability in NMBA use that was unexplained by other covariates. Procedure-specific subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsNMBAs were used in 183 242 (69%) surgical cases. Variances in NMBA use were significantly higher among individual surgeons than among anaesthesia providers (variance 1.32 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.60) vs 0.24 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.28), p<0.001). Procedure-specific subgroup analysis of hernia repairs, spine surgeries and mastectomies confirmed our findings: the total variance in NMBA use that was unexplained by the covariate model was higher for surgeons versus anaesthesia providers (ICC 37.0% vs 13.0%, 69.7% vs 25.5%, 69.8% vs 19.5%, respectively; p<0.001). Variances in NMBA use were also partially explained by the anaesthesia provider’s hospital network (Massachusetts General Hospital: variance 0.35 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.43) vs Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: 0.15 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.19); p<0.001). Across provider types, surgeons showed the highest variance, and anaesthesia residents showed the lowest variance in NMBA use.ConclusionsThere is wide variability across individual surgeons and anaesthesia providers and institutions in the use of NMBAs, which could not sufficiently be explained by a large number of patient-related and procedure-related characteristics, but may instead be driven by preference. Surgeons may have a stronger influence on a key aspect of anaesthesia management than anticipated.
Sex-related differences in opioid administration in the emergency department: a population-based study
Authors: Lau Torey , Hayward Jake , Vatanpour Shabnam , Innes Grant 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSex differences in pain experience and expression may influence ED pain management. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of sex on ED opioid administration.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre population-based observational cohort study using administrative data from Calgary’s four EDs between 2017 and 2018. Eligible patients had a presenting complaint belonging to one of nine pain categories or an arrival pain score >3. We performed multivariable analyses to identify predictors of opioid administration and stratified analyses by age, pain severity and pain category.ResultsWe studied 119 510 patients (mean age 47.4 years; 55.4% female). Opioid administration rates were similar for men and women. After adjusting for age, hospital site, pain category, ED length of stay and pain severity, male sex was not a predictor of opioid treatment (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.93; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.02). However, men were more likely to receive opioids in the categories of trauma (aOR=1.58, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.78), flank pain (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38), headache (aOR=1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34) and abdominal pain (aOR=1.11, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.18). Pain category appears to be a strong determinant of opioid administration, especially back pain (aOR=6.56, 95% CI 5.99 to 7.19) and flank pain (aOR=6.04, 95% CI 5.48 to 6.65). There was significant variability in opioid provision by ED site (aOR 0.76 to 1.24).ConclusionsThis population-based study demonstrated high variability in opioid use across different settings. Overall, men and women had similar likelihood of receiving opioids; however men with trauma, flank pain, headache and abdominal pain were much more likely to receive opioids. ED physicians should self-examine their analgesic practices with respect to possible sex biases, and departments should introduce evidence-based, indication-specific analgesic protocols to reduce practice variability and optimise opioid analgesia.
Ultrasound-directed reduction of distal radius fractures in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Malik Hamza , Appelboam Andrew , Nunns Michael 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the clinical literature to determine whether ultrasound can be used to improve the reduction of distal radius fractures in adults in the ED.MethodologyA study protocol was registered on PROSPERO. EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov of the US National Library of Medicine were searched for studies evaluating ultrasound-assisted distal radial fracture reductions in comparison with standard care. The primary outcome of interest was manipulation success rates, defined as the proportion of fracture manipulations resulting in acceptable anatomical alignment, with secondary outcome being subsequent surgical intervention rates in ultrasound and standard care group of patients.Results248 were screened at title and abstract, and 10 studies were included for a narrative synthesis. The quality of this evidence is limited but suggests ultrasound is accurate in determining distal radius fracture reduction and may improve the quality of reduction compared with standard care. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether this affects the rate of subsequent surgical intervention or functional outcome.ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence that using ultrasound in the closed reduction of distal radius fractures benefits patients. Properly conducted randomised controlled trials with patient-orientated outcomes are crucial to investigate this technology.
W1,p-metrics and conformal metrics with Ln/2-bounded scalar curvature
Authors: Dong Conghan , Li Yuxiang , Xu Ke 
Published: April 2021

A [Formula: see text]-metric on an n-dimensional closed Riemannian manifold naturally induces a distance function, provided p is sufficiently close to n. If a sequence of metrics [Formula: see text] converges in [Formula: see text] to a limit metric [Formula: see text], then the corresponding distance functions [Formula: see text] subconverge to a limit distance function d, which satisfies [Formula: see text]. As an application, we show that the above convergence result applies to a sequence of conformal metrics with [Formula: see text]-bounded scalar curvatures, under certain geometric assumptions. In particular, in this special setting, the limit distance function d actually coincides with [Formula: see text].
Morse inequalities at infinity for a resonant mean field equation
Authors: Ahmedou Mohameden , Ben Ayed Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the following mean field type equation: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a closed oriented surface of unit volume [Formula: see text] = 1, [Formula: see text] positive smooth function and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Building on the critical points at infinity approach initiated in [M. Ahmedou, M. Ben Ayed and M. Lucia, On a resonant mean field type equation: A “critical point at infinity” approach, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 37(4) (2017) 1789–1818] we develop, under generic condition on the function K and the metric g, a full Morse theory by proving Morse inequalities relating the Morse indices of the critical points, the indices of the critical points at infinity, and the Betti numbers of the space of formal barycenters [Formula: see text]. We derive from these Morse inequalities at infinity various new existence as well as multiplicity results of the mean field equation in the resonant case, i.e. [Formula: see text].
MC-DeF
Authors: Charitopoulos George , Pnevmatikatos Dionisios N. , Gaydadjiev Georgi 
Published: April 2021

Executing complex scientific applications on Coarse-Grain Reconfigurable Arrays (
CGRAs
) promises improvements in execution time and/or energy consumption compared to optimized software implementations or even fully customized hardware solutions. Typical CGRA architectures contain of multiple instances of the same compute module that consist of simple and general hardware units such as ALUs, simple processors. However, generality in the cell contents, while convenient for serving a wide variety of applications, penalizes performance and energy efficiency. To that end, a few proposed CGRAs use custom logic tailored to a particular application’s specific characteristics in the compute module. This approach, while much more efficient, restricts the versatility of the array. To date, versatility at hardware speeds is only supported with Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), that are reconfigurable at a very fine grain.

This work proposes MC-DeF, a novel Mixed-CGRA Definition Framework targeting a Mixed-CGRA architecture that leverages the advantages of CGRAs by utilizing a customized cell array, and those of FPGAs by incorporating a separate LUT array used for adaptability. The framework presented aims to develop a complete CGRA architecture. First, a cell structure and functionality definition phase creates highly customized application/domain specific CGRA cells. Then, mapping and routing phases define the CGRA connectivity and cell-LUT array transactions. Finally, an energy and area estimation phase presents the user with area occupancy and energy consumption estimations of the final design. MC-DeF uses novel algorithms and cost functions driven by user defined metrics, threshold values, and area/energy restrictions. The benefits of our framework, besides creating fast and efficient CGRA designs, include design space exploration capabilities offered to the user.
The validity of the presented framework is demonstrated by evaluating and creating CGRA designs of nine applications. Additionally, we provide comparisons of MC-DeF with state-of-the-art related works, and show that MC-DeF offers competitive performance (in terms of internal bandwidth and processing throughput) even compared against much larger designs, and requires fewer physical resources to achieve this level of performance. Finally, MC-DeF is able to better utilize the underlying FPGA fabric and achieves the best efficiency (measured in LUT/GOPs).
T-Odd Anomalous Interactions of the Top-Quark at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Tiwari Apurba , Gupta Sudhir Kumar 
Published: April 2021

We study the effects of T-odd interactions of top-quark via the pair production of the top-quark in the semileptonic detection modes at the Large Hadron Collider by means of the T-odd observables constructed through the momenta of the observed decay products of the top (and anti-top)-quark for a wide range of CP-violating scale

Λ

. Estimates on sensitivities of the coupling strength of such interactions for 13 TeV LHC energy with

∫
L
d
t
=
36.1

f

b

−
1

,

140

f

b

−
1

and for HL-LHC with 14 TeV energy with integrated luminosities of

0.3

a

b

−
1

,

1

a

b

−
1

,

2

a

b

−
1

, and

3

a

b

−
1

are also presented for

Λ

ranging between

M

W

and 2 TeV.
Genetic Variation and Recurrent Haplotypes on Chromosome 6q23-25 Risk Locus in Familial Lung Cancer
Authors: Musolf Anthony M. , Simpson Claire L. , Moiz Bilal A. , Pikielny Claudio W. , Middlebrooks Candace D. , Mandal Diptasri , de Andrade Mariza , Cole Michael D. , Gaba Colette , Yang Ping , You Ming , Li Yafang , Kupert Elena Y. , Anderson Marshall W. , Schwartz Ann G. , Pinney Susan M. , Amos Christopher I. , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Although lung cancer is known to be caused by environmental factors, it has also been shown to have genetic components, and the genetic etiology of lung cancer remains understudied. We previously identified a lung cancer risk locus on 6q23-25 using microsatellite data in families with a history of lung cancer. To further elucidate that signal, we performed targeted sequencing on nine of our most strongly linked families. Two-point linkage analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the signal was heterogeneous and that different families likely had different risk variants. Three specific haplotypes were shared by some of the families: 6q25.3-26 in families 42 and 44, 6q25.2-25.3 in families 47 and 59, and 6q24.2-25.1 in families 30, 33, and 35. Region-based logarithm of the odds scores and expression data identified the likely candidate genes for each haplotype overlap: ARID1B at 6q25.3, MAP3K4 at 6q26, and UTRN (6q24.1) and PHACTR2 (6q24.2). Further annotation was used to zero in on potential risk variants in those genes. All four genes are good candidate genes for lung cancer risk, having been linked to either lung cancer specifically or other cancers. However, this is the first time any of these genes has been implicated in germline risk. Functional analysis of these four genes is planned for future work.

Significance:
This study identifies four genes associated with lung cancer risk, which could help guide future lung cancer prevention and treatment approaches.
The Apocalyptic Hijab: Emirati Mediations of Pious Fashion and Conflict Talk
Authors: AlMaazmi Ahmed Yaqoub 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines Emirati public discourse on, and imagination of, gendered pious fashion and conflict talk as animated in the sitcom Shaabiat Al-Cartoon (SAC) and other connected cultural expressions. Through a multimodal analysis, it contributes to discussions of the politics of piety by analyzing the strategic illustration of the UAE’s female fashion sense and use of the linguistic features that move verbal dueling to verbal attack. In this prefabricated orality, the article outlines linguistic forms in mediating gendered conflict talk and animating pious fashion. The paper further argues that a multimodal social semiotic performance that is based on language and apparel can produce powerful effects on the co-production of gendered identities. Additionally, it demonstrates through this analysis how the producers of an episode of SAC, through the use of semiotic cues, attempt to reflect and shape Emirati sociocultural values and idioms on pious gendered clothing and perceptions of religiosity and modernity.
Le missionnaire « aux quarante clés »
Authors: Doyle Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
Cet article propose de suivre l’ itinéraire d’ un missionnaire français installé à Istanbul à la fin de la période ottomane en se concentrant sur les stratégies urbaines employées au cours de sa mission, qui lui ont permis de s’ installer durablement dans la capitale ottomane. Le père Lobry apparaît en effet comme un entrepreneur urbain au service des lazaristes et d’ autres missions catholiques à Istanbul. Il impose une vision de l’ espace concentrée sur la moralité et les frontières entre les missionnaires et la ville, pratique des contournements du cadre juridique ottoman et promeut des sociabilités transnationales dans les établissements qu’ il administre. Il paraît ainsi judicieux de le traiter comme une figure locale d’ Istanbul, procédant comme d’ autres autorités de ce milieu, à la recherche d’ un contrôle de l’ espace urbain.
Photographies et missions chrétiennes
Authors: Gangnat Émilie 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
Les photographies dites « missionnaires » sont des objets matériels façonnés par de multiples opérations et différents regards. Cet article vise à étudier la pratique photographique sur le terrain de la mission, la collecte des images par les organismes missionnaires en France et la circulation des clichés entre leurs multiples espaces de conservation et d’ usage. A partir des fonds photographiques de la Société des Missions évangéliques de Paris et des Œuvres Pontificales Missionnaires, il tente de définir ce que sont les photographies dans le contexte missionnaire et la fonction qui leur est donnée.