bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bladder function for stabilizing urinary volume overnight with recording of brain waves (ABSORB study)
Authors: Torimoto Kazumasa , Matsushita Chie , Itami Yoshitaka , Iwamoto Takashi , Owari Takuya , Gotoh Daisuke , Miyake Makito , Hori Shunta , Nakai Yasushi , Aoki Katsuya , Hirao Shuya , Momose Hitoshi , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe bladder urothelium is not always impermeable. During sleep, the bladder might absorb urine in healthy individuals who sleep through the night. This study aimed to determine whether the bladder absorbs urine by using a method other than ultrasonic scanning and to simultaneously evaluate sleeping conditions.MethodsEleven participants (five males, six females) aged 20 to 49 years without lower urinary tract symptoms or urination while sleeping were enrolled. Bladder volume was estimated by studying the relationship between dilution and absorbance of indigo carmine dissolved in urine. A 12F Foley catheter was inserted into the bladder before sleep. Urine samples (5 mL) were extracted at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 am sleep stages were monitored with a single‐channel portable electroencephalograph device.ResultsThe estimated bladder volume at 6 am and voided volume immediately after rising were significantly correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.62, P = .046). Eight participants (three males, five females) showed an absorption pattern of the estimated bladder volume change. In a male participant, the blue dye's strength gradually decreased until 4 am (estimated 859 mL) and increased from 5 am (estimated 455 mL). In another, the blue dye's strength increased at 4 am (estimated 449 mL) vs at 3 am (estimated 757 mL). In all participants, electroencephalograph data demonstrated that sleep was maintained despite having a full bladder.ConclusionsThe bladder absorbs urine and maintains an approximate volume of functional bladder capacity during sleep to avoid incontinence and maintain sleep in adults due to an urge to void urine during the sleep cycle.
The analytic‐continental divide in philosophical practice: An empirical study
Authors: Mizrahi Moti , Dickinson Mike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhilosophy is often divided into two traditions: analytic and continental philosophy. Characterizing the analytic‐continental divide, however, is no easy task. Some philosophers explain the divide in terms of the place of argument in these traditions. This raises the following questions: Is analytic philosophy rife with arguments while continental philosophy is devoid of arguments? Or can different types of arguments be found in analytic and continental philosophy? This paper presents the results of an empirical study of a large corpus of philosophical texts mined from the JSTOR database (n = 53,260) designed to find patterns of argumentation by type. Overall, the results suggest that there are no significant differences between the types of arguments advanced in analytic and continental philosophy journal articles. The findings, therefore, provide no empirical support to the hypothesis that the divide between analytic and continental philosophy has to do with the place of argument in these traditions.
The processes underlying chronic migraine pathophysiology and its treatment with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Atraszkiewicz Dominic 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively review both the models of migraine pathophysiology and transformation to chronic migraine, and align these with the known effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A).BackgroundMigraine is a relatively common, disabling, and debilitating condition that is notoriously difficult to manage by pain specialists. A comprehensive review of the mechanisms of its pathophysiology, chronification, and treatment with BTX‐A is lacking.MethodsThis narrative literature review is formed following an intensive search of scientific literature on PubMed, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases using relevant key search terms.ResultsMigraine can be seen as a threshold disorder with multiple mechanisms: hyperexcitability of trigeminal afferents, impaired descending inhibition, and central sensitization. The mechanism of transformation to chronic migraine, where headache symptoms occur on at least 15 days per month, remains unclear, but key risk factors include sex (female), headache frequency, psychiatric co‐morbidities, obesity, and low socioeconomic status. Botulinum toxin A is an exotoxin produced by the gram‐positive rod bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Following the agent's initial use in aesthetic medicine, it is now an FDA‐approved treatment for chronic migraine. The toxin has multiple modes of action in chronic migraine, including neurotransmitter exocytosis blockade, inhibition of membrane receptor insertion, and anti‐inflammatory processes.ConclusionMigraine is likely caused by intrinsic hyperexcitability of the trigeminovascular nociceptive system, disrupted descending inhibitory pain networks, and central sensitization. Pathophysiology of chronification is poorly understood. BTX‐A acts primarily by attenuating neuropeptidergic signaling, inhibiting membrane receptor insertion, and downregulating expression of receptors implicated in cortical spreading depression.
The experiences of nurses diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Turkey: A qualitative study
Authors: Özlük Bilgen , Bıkmaz Zülfiye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrontline healthcare professionals during the pandemic were exposed to the risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of nurses who were diagnosed with COVID‐19. This qualitative, descriptive study was conducted between July 20 and September 29, 2020. A total of 17 nurses were included by using purposeful and snowball sampling methods and interviewed. Video interviews were conducted through WhatsApp using a semistructured in‐depth interview form. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The experiences of nurses at the time of COVID‐19 diagnosis were categorized into three main themes: (a) personal experiences, (b) thoughts on the reasons for getting infected, and (c) social experiences. In conclusion, we shed light on the experiences of frontline nurses during pandemic who were exposed to COVID‐19. Individual, organizational, and social regulations and actions are needed for the management of the pandemic.
Building and evaluating suicide attempt prediction models using risk factors
Authors: Kim Seol Bin , Jeong Ihn Sook 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study identified risk factors of suicide attempts for the purpose of building prediction models and evaluating their performance. The participants of this secondary data analysis study were 11 671 adults aged 19 years or older. The prediction models consisted of risk factors identified through multiple logistic regression analysis, and performance was analyzed in terms of calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. The risk factors for suicide attempts were suicide plan and suicidal ideation for males, and suicide plan and depression diagnosis for females. The prediction models constructed with these risk factors showed good calibration and discrimination, with over 0.90 of the area under the curves. At the cutoff point of 0.5%, the sensitivity of the full model was 90.9% for males and 82.4% for females. The net benefit was positive at a threshold probability under 30% for males and 40% for females. Given the acceptable performance of the suicide attempt prediction models, they can be used to assess suicide attempt risk and detect the population at high risk in the community at an early stage, with limited human resources.
The standard of integrity may be useful when assessing arguments over qualitative review methods: The case of the Joanna Briggs Institute's rebuttal of a fundamental critique
Authors: de Vaal Marielle , Tamás Peter Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne challenge for those reading methodological debates in low consensus fields is determining the outcome when participants do not share standards. When parties to a debate do not agree on the standards to be used in assessing their arguments (i.e., quality), it may be useful to ask first if parties’ contributions meet their own expectations (i.e., integrity). Most protocols for review of qualitative research specify some form of quality assessment. These protocols normally require some test of internal coherence. Coherence is also relevant when describing the match between a rebuttal and the argument it answers. In 2019,Nursing Inquirypublished a critique and rebuttal of the methods used by the Joanna Briggs Institute. In this essay, we attempted to use the Joanna Briggs Institute's own quality assessment standards to assess their rebuttal of this fundamental critique. We found it possible to use the Joanna Briggs Institute's own quality assessment standards to assess this rebuttal, and we found that JBI's rebuttal did not meet their own standards.
Late‐onset rapid gastric emptying: Identification of a new abnormal finding in patients with otherwise normal results on gastric emptying scintigraphy
Authors: McCallum Richard , La Follette Carola , Kumar Dwivedi Alok , Sarosiek Irene , Havey Anna , Diaz Jesus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe 4‐h gastric emptying (GE) scintigraphy protocol is the gold standard for assessing GE. Rapid gastric emptying (RGE) is >30% emptied by 30 min and >65% emptied at1 h. We observed that some GE studies demonstrated rapid emptying at a later time although interpreted as normal (NGE) at 4 h. We aimed to establish thresholds to characterize this subset of late‐onset rapid gastric emptying (LRGE).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 4‐h GE studies of 425 patients with upper GI symptoms who fulfilled the criteria for NGE. We recruited 24 normal subjects to establish GE cutoff values (mean +/‐ 2SD) at 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 h. These thresholds were applied to the 425 patients with NGE. During every GE study, patients graded their postprandial symptoms on a scale from 0 to 4.Key ResultsThe mean upper threshold decrement limits were calculated from the normal volunteers as 67.6% at 1–2 h, 48.7% at 2–3 h, and 27.9% at 3–4 h. After applying these values to the NGE patients, 19 (4.5%) were classified as having LRGE; 6 patients (1.4%) for the 2‐ to 3‐h; and 13 (3.1%) for the 3‐ to 4‐h period. Patients with LRGE had abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or diarrhea beginning more than 1‐h postprandial.Conclusion5% of patients classified as “normal” at 4 h had an abnormal GE pattern based on the proposed criteria for LRGE. This highlights the importance of applying these hourly decrement thresholds to identify LRGE as a new diagnostic entity explaining postprandial symptoms.
Duodenum at a crossroads: Key integrator of overlapping and psychological symptoms in functional dyspepsia?
Authors: Wauters Lucas , Ceulemans Matthias , Vanuytsel Tim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study of the interaction between gastrointestinal (GI) function and psychological features is a complex and developing field. The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain or gut‐brain axis is considered as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of the highly prevalent functional GI disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia (FD), which have been redefined as disorders of gut‐brain interaction. However, the mechanisms through which changes in the gut alter brain functioning, feelings, and behavior remain unclear. Based on the presence of duodenal pathology in adult FD patients, Ronkainenet al. provide the first prospective evidence for duodenal eosinophils potentially driving anxiety. Also in this edition, associations between gastroduodenal pathology and rumination syndrome, which may coexist with FD, have now been confirmed in children by Friesenet al. Together these findings confirm not only the potential role of duodenal alterations in determining overlapping upper GI but also psychological symptoms, which result from bidirectional and complex interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in this field and highlight the novel contributions of the original studies of Ronkainen et al. and Friesen et al. to this topic.
Methamphetamine use in the United States: epidemiological update and implications for prevention, treatment, and harm reduction
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Houry Debra , Han Beth , Baldwin Grant , Vivolo‐Kantor Alana , Compton Wilson M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent attention has focused on the growing role of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine in overdose deaths. Methamphetamine is an addictive and potent stimulant, and its use is associated with a range of physical and mental health harms, overdose, and mortality. Adding to the complexity of this resurgent methamphetamine threat is the reality that the increases in methamphetamine availability and harms are occurring in the midst of and intertwined with the ongoing opioid overdose crisis. Opioid involvement in psychostimulant‐involved overdose deaths increased from 34.5% of overdose deaths in 2010 to 53.5% in 2019—an increase of more than 50%. This latest evolution of the nation's overdose epidemic poses novel challenges for prevention, treatment, and harm reduction. This narrative review synthesizes what is known about changing patterns of methamphetamine use with and without opioids in the United States, other characteristics associated with methamphetamine use, the contributions of the changing illicit drug supply to use patterns and overdose risk, motivations for couse of methamphetamine and opioids, and awareness of exposure to opioids via the illicit methamphetamine supply. Finally, the review summarizes illustrative community and health system strategies and research opportunities to advance prevention, treatment, and harm reduction policies, programs, and practices.
Obesity and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights and perspectives
Authors: Barone Ines , Caruso Amanda , Gelsomino Luca , Giordano Cinzia , Bonofiglio Daniela , Catalano Stefania , Andò Sebastiano 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe incidence of obesity, a recognized risk factor for various metabolic and chronic diseases, including numerous types of cancers, has risen dramatically over the recent decades worldwide. To date, convincing research in this area has painted a complex picture about the adverse impact of high body adiposity on breast cancer onset and progression. However, an emerging but overlooked issue of clinical significance is the limited efficacy of the conventional endocrine therapies with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or degraders (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in patients affected by breast cancer and obesity. The mechanisms behind the interplay between obesity and endocrine therapy resistance are likely to be multifactorial. Therefore, what have we actually learned during these years and which are the main challenges in the field? In this review, we will critically discuss the epidemiological evidence linking obesity to endocrine therapeutic responses and we will outline the molecular players involved in this harmful connection. Given the escalating global epidemic of obesity, advances in understanding this critical node will offer new precision medicine‐based therapeutic interventions and more appropriate dosing schedule for treating patients affected by obesity and with breast tumors resistant to endocrine therapies.
Hypertension and periodontitis: A joint report by the Italian society of hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian society of periodontology and implantology (SIdP)
Authors: Del Pinto Rita , Landi Luca , Grassi Guido , Marco Sforza Nicola , Cairo Francesco , Citterio Filippo , Paolantoni Guerino , D’aiuto Francesco , Ferri Claudio , Monaco Annalisa , Pietropaoli Davide ,   The Italian working group on Hypertension, Periodontitis (Hy‐Per Group)
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low‐grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy‐Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low‐grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre‐hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
Association of Sagittal Spinopelvic Realignment with Correction in Lower Lumbar Lordosis after Surgical Treatment in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Zi‐fang , Qi Deng‐bin , Wang Tian‐hao , Wang Chun‐guo , Wang Zheng , Wang Yan , Zheng Guo‐quan 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effect that correction of lower lumbar lordosis (3L) has on global spine realignment due to the key role of 3L for scoliosis surgery in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).MethodsThis study is a retrospective review performed between June 2018 and January 2020, including consecutive patients with DLS. Only patients age ≥ 45 years who had already undergone a selective root block operation and had the procedure of long‐fusion extending to pelvis and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at lower lumbar spine (L4‐S1) were retained for analysis. Spinopelvic parameters measured included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), 3L, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) at pre‐operation and the third month follow‐up. The mismatch (PI‐LL) was calculated subsequently. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association of the changes in global spinopelvic parameters with 3L correction.ResultsThirty‐nine patients (five males, 34 females) with the average age of 63.84 years (SD 7.53; range, 45–75 years) at the time of surgery were identified. All patients had the surgical procedure of long‐fusion (≥4 vertebras) with PLIF at lower lumbar spine between L4 and S1 spine. Lower instrumented vertebras (LIV) fused to pelvis (S1, 14; S2, 18; ilium, 7) were operated in all patients. Seventeen patients were with upper instrumented vertebras (UIV) at thoracolumbar spine (L2‐T11), and 22 patients at thoracic spine (T10 and above). The median of instrumented segments was 10 (5–14). 3L significantly increased (P = 0.02) after surgical treatment by mean change of 4.21° (range, −19.7° to +22.2°). Perioperatively, all spinopelvic parameters regarding to TK, LL, SS, PT, TPA, SVA, and mismatch (PI‐LL) had significant changes (P < 0.001). The change in 3L correlated significantly with the changes in spinopelvic parameters (r = 0.772 for LL, −0.589 for SVA, −0.439 for TPA, and −0.428 for PI‐LL). After linear regression analysis, the formulas were obtained: d‐LL = 14.977 + 0.636 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.596); d‐(PI‐LL) = 16.575 + 0.62 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.183); d‐TPA = −7.284 to 0.358 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.193); d‐SVA = −30.556–2.639 × d‐3L (R2 = 0.347).ConclusionsCorrection in lower lumbar lordosis, following the surgical procedure of long‐fusion with PLIF at lower lumbar spine, could result in significant changes in full‐spine parameters. The significant association of changes in each of global spine parameter with the correction of 3L perioperatively could provide important information for surgeons to make a surgical plan for spinal correction.
Multifocal granular cell tumors in a 10‐year‐old boy
Authors: Oro‐Ayude Marcos , Mesa‐Álvarez Laura , Álvarez‐Álvarez Carlos , Feal Carlos , González‐Sixto Beatriz , Batalla Ana , Ramírez Aquilina , Couselo‐Rodríguez Carmen , Devesa‐Múgica Miguel , Flórez Ángeles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultifocal granular cell tumor is a poorly understood entity. Its importance lies in its association with several genetic disorders and the challenging distinction between multifocal and metastatic granular cell tumor. Herein, we report an unusual case of nonmalignant, multifocal, granular cell tumors affecting the skin, including the scrotum, in a 10‐year‐old boy.
Hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoproliferative disorder with eye involvement
Authors: Feng Xiwei , Li Fan , Zhang Yi , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD) is characterized by vesiculopapular eruptions on sun‐exposed and sometimes unexposed skin. Though ocular involvement in HVLPD is rare, it may present with conjunctivitis, corneal opacities, uveitis, and interstitial keratitis. We report a case of a 7‐year‐old boy with HVLPD, whose ophthalmic symptoms were neglected for over 2 years, who developed anterior uveitis and corneal nebulae without vision impairment. Awareness of eye involvement in patients with HVLPD may help to prevent severe complications.
A case of annular atrophic lichen planus in a child and review of the literature
Authors: Sears Samantha , Daftary Karishma , Burch Andrea , Todd Patricia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease affecting both adults and children that may present with numerous rare morphologies. LP and its many subtypes can prove difficult to treat and often leave patients with dyspigmentation. Additionally, pruritus associated with LP can be distressing to patients. The aim of this report is to highlight an uncommon subtype, annular atrophic lichen planus, which uniquely presented in a child, to emphasize the importance of early disease recognition and finally, to demonstrate successful treatment with topical monotherapy with clobetasol propionate ointment.
Henoch Schonlein purpura in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A case series
Authors: Sheth Anjani P. , Vivar Karina L. , Wagner Annette M. , Kruse Lacey L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRetrospective chart review was conducted to identify the clinical features of Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) in five children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All five children, four of which were on anti‐TNF therapies, experienced the onset of HSP after their IBD diagnosis. HSP averaged 20.8 months in duration. The patients in our cohort, particularly those on anti‐TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, experienced chronic and recurrent courses of HSP.
The End of Explanation: Kant on the Unconditioned
Authors: Stratmann Joe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman reason demands ultimate explanation; it demands a Because that admits of no further Because – something unconditioned. Pace dogmatic rationalist metaphysics, Kant concludes that theoretical reason must remain modest; it cannot know or cognize the existence of particular unconditioned entities (e.g. God or Leibnizian monads). The prevailing view goes even further; it maintains that theoretical reason cannot even know that something or other unconditioned exists. Yet I argue that Kant’s critique contains an ambitious conclusion: reason can know that something unconditioned exists among things in themselves, even if it cannot know which particular unconditioned entities exist. I reconstruct Kant’s argument for this ambitious conclusion. On my reconstruction, the argument turns on a key metaphysical assumption about things in themselves: that they are completely determinate. And far from undermining Kant's case for modesty, I suggest, this assumption partly underlies it.