bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience with the use of intraoperative continuous nerve monitoring in video‐assisted neck surgery and external cervical incisions
Authors: Noda Takuya , Ishisaka Tomo , Okano Keiichiro , Kobayashi Yoshiaki , Shimode Yuzo , Tsuji Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the severe complications in thyroid surgery. Therefore, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has been widely used to identify the RLN and confirm its integrity. Recently, the usefulness of continuous IONM (CIONM) with automatic, periodic stimulation to the vagus nerve during thyroid surgery was reported. This study aimed to report our experience with minimally invasive video‐assisted endoscopic endocrine neck surgery (VANS), during which, CIONM was successfully applied for the first time.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery with CIONM, performed in our department using either external neck incision surgery or VANS between July 2017 and June 2019, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 22 patients who underwent thyroid surgery with neck incision (14 cases; 7 men and 7 women; age, 21‐75 years [mean, 52 years]) or VANS (8 cases; 8 women, age, 20‐61 years [mean, 41 years]) were enrolled in this study. The addition of CIONM in VANS prolonged the operation's duration by approximately 30 minutes as the endoscopic surgery was technically more difficult. No intra‐ and postoperative incidence of transient or permanent RLN palsy was observed in any patient, except for three patients who underwent external neck incision surgery in whom combined resection was unavoidable due to tumor invasion of the RLN.ConclusionWe reported the first successful application of CIONM during thyroidectomy using VANS. Future clinical trials should clarify the benefits of CIONM when compared to intermittent IONM in VANS.Level of Evidence5.
A Solvent‐Free and Water‐Resistant Dipole–Dipole Interaction‐Based Super Adhesive
Authors: Liu Bo , Xu Ziyang , Fan Chuanchuan , Cui Chunyan , Yao Yuan , Xiao Meng , Liu Wenguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater‐resistant and high‐strength adhesion on different surfaces has attracted considerable attention for decades. However, the adhesion performances of conventional adhesives suffer from deterioration in adhesion performances under water or wet conditions. This work proposes a dipole–dipole interaction strategy for fabricating a solvent‐free adhesive that is synthesized via simple one‐step copolymerization of dipole monomer acrylonitrile (AN), crosslinker poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with variable length, and a monomer‐soluble initiator that initiates room‐temperature polymerization. The dipole–dipole interactions from cyan groups in AN concurrently contribute to strong cohesion and adhesion strength in bonding to a wide range of substrates including aluminum, ceramic, glass fiber, epoxy resin, polyethylene terephthalate, wood, and fractured large segmental bone. The adhesion strengths are dependent upon the length of PEGDA, and the shorter PEGDA‐crosslinked PAN adhesive demonstrates outstanding water‐resistant adhesion spanning pH 2 to pH 10 for 30 days with adhesion strength ranging from 3.31 to 3.97 MPa due to strong dipole–dipole pairing shielding. This dipole–dipole interaction and co‐dissolution strategy open a new avenue for creating high‐strength water‐resistant adhesives for promising applications in engineering and hard‐tissue repair.
Broadband adiabatic inversion cross‐polarization to integer‐spin nuclei with application to deuterium NMR
Authors: Altenhof Adam R. , Wi Sungsool , Schurko Robert W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSolid‐state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy of integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei is important for the molecular‐level characterization of a variety of materials and biological solids; of the integer spins, 2H (S = 1) is by far the most widely studied, due to its usefulness in probing dynamical motions. SSNMR spectra of integer‐spin nuclei often feature very broad powder patterns that arise largely from the effects of the first‐order quadrupolar interaction; as such, the acquisition of high‐quality spectra continues to remain a challenge. The broadband adiabatic inversion cross‐polarization (BRAIN‐CP) pulse sequence, which is capable of cross‐polarization (CP) enhancement over large bandwidths, has found success for the acquisition of SSNMR spectra of integer‐spin nuclei, including 14N (S = 1), especially when coupled with Carr–Purcell/Meiboom–Gill pulse sequences featuring frequency‐swept WURST pulses (WURST‐CPMG) for T2‐based signal enhancement. However, to date, there has not been a systematic investigation of the spin dynamics underlying BRAIN‐CP, nor any concrete theoretical models to aid in its parameterization for applications to integer‐spin nuclei. In addition, the BRAIN‐CP/WURST‐CPMG scheme has not been demonstrated for generalized application to wideline or ultra‐wideline (UW) 2H SSNMR. Herein, we provide a theoretical description of the BRAIN‐CP pulse sequence for spin‐1/2 → spin‐1 CP under static conditions, featuring a set of analytical equations describing Hartmann–Hahn matching conditions and numerical simulations that elucidate a CP mechanism involving polarization transfer, coherence exchange, and adiabatic inversion. Several experimental examples are presented for comparison with theoretical models and previously developed integer‐spin CP methods, demonstrating rapid acquisition of 2H NMR spectra from efficient broadband CP.
Influence of cognitive function and nurse support on malnutrition risk in nursing home residents
Authors: Pakai Annamária , Havasi‐Sántha Emese , Mák Erzsébet , Máté Orsolya , Pusztai Dorina , Fullér Noémi , Zrínyi Miklós , Oláh András 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo predict malnutrition risk of older residents by cognitive function, nurse support and self‐care capacity as primary measures of interest.DesignCross‐sectional, correlation design with linear regression analysis.MethodsOlder residents over 60 years of age were randomly selected from nursing homes. Mini Mental State Exam and the Mini Nutritional Assessment were used were as main measures.ResultsLower malnutrition risk was associated with better cognitive functioning. Improved independence of self‐feeding was also linked to reduced nutritional risk. Nurse support was positively related to BMI and cognitive impairment. General self‐care capacity and ‘appetite the week before’ were key predictors of malnutrition risk; 1‐point increase in both variables caused nutritional risk to decrease by 1.73 and 1.38 points, respectively. That is, a 1‐point increase in self‐care capacity and appetite would decrease malnutrition risk by 5.76% and 4.6%. The regression model explained significant amount (65.6%) of variance in malnutrition risk.
Suitability of databases in the Asia‐Pacific for collaborative monitoring of vaccine safety
Authors: Duszynski Katherine M. , Stark James H. , Cohet Catherine , Huang Wan‐Ting , Shin Ju‐Young , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Man Kenneth K. C. , Choi Nam‐Kyong , Khromava Alena , Kimura Tomomi , Huang Kui , Watcharathanakij Sawaeng , Kochhar Sonali , Chen Robert T. , Pratt Nicole L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionInformation regarding availability of electronic healthcare databases in the Asia‐Pacific region is critical for planning vaccine safety assessments particularly, as COVID‐19 vaccines are introduced. This study aimed to identify data sources in the region, potentially suitable for vaccine safety surveillance. This manuscript is endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE).MethodsNineteen countries targeted for database reporting were identified using published country lists and review articles. Surveillance capacity was assessed using two surveys: a 9‐item introductory survey and a 51‐item full survey. Survey questions related to database characteristics, covariate and health outcome variables, vaccine exposure characteristics, access and governance, and dataset linkage capability. Other questions collated research/regulatory applications of the data and local publications detailing database use for research.ResultsEleven databases containing vaccine‐specific information were identified across 8 countries. Databases were largely national in coverage (8/11, 73%), encompassed all ages (9/11, 82%) with population size from 1.4 to 52 million persons. Vaccine exposure information varied particularly for standardized vaccine codes (5/11, 46%), brand (7/11, 64%) and manufacturer (5/11, 46%). Outcome data were integrated with vaccine data in 6 (55%) databases and available via linkage in 5 (46%) databases. Data approval processes varied, impacting on timeliness of data access.ConclusionsVariation in vaccine data availability, complexities in data access including, governance and data release approval procedures, together with requirement for data linkage for outcome information, all contribute to the challenges in building a distributed network for vaccine safety assessment in the Asia‐Pacific and globally. Common data models (CDMs) may help expedite vaccine safety research across the region.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab, with or without enzalutamide, in AR‐V7‐expressing metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A phase‐2 nonrandomized clinical trial
Authors: Shenderov Eugene , Boudadi Karim , Fu Wei , Wang Hao , Sullivan Rana , Jordan Alice , Dowling Donna , Harb Rana , Schonhoft Joseph , Jendrisak Adam , Carducci Michael A. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Eshleman James R. , Luo Jun , Drake Charles G. , Pardoll Drew M. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAR‐V7‐positive metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal phenotype with few treatment options and poor survival.MethodsThe two‐cohort nonrandomized Phase 2 study of combined immune checkpoint blockade for AR‐V7–expressing metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (STARVE‐PC) evaluated nivolumab (3 mg/kg) plus ipilimumab (1 mg/kg), without (Cohort 1) or with (Cohort 2) the anti‐androgen enzalutamide. Co‐primary endpoints were safety and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response rate. Secondary endpoints included time‐to‐PSA‐progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), time‐to‐clinical/radiographic‐PFS, objective response rate (ORR), PFS lasting greater than 24 weeks, and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty patients were treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab (N = 15, Cohort 1, previously reported), or ipilimumab plus nivolumab and enzalutamide (N = 15, Cohort 2) in patients previously progressing on enzalutamide monotherapy. PSA response rate was 2/15 (13%) in cohort 1 and 0/15 in cohort 2, ORR was 2/8 (25%) in Cohort 1 and 0/9 in Cohort 2 in those with measureable disease, median PSA‐PFS was 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–NR) in cohort 1 and 2.7 (95% CI: 2.1–5.9) months in cohort 2, and median PFS was 3.7 (95% CI: 2.8–7.5) in cohort 1 and 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3–5.8) months in cohort 2. Three of 15 patients in cohort 1 (20%, 95% CI: 7.1%–45.2%) and 4/15 patients (26.7%, 95% CI: 10.5%–52.4%) in cohort 2 achieved a durable PFS lasting greater than 24 weeks. Median OS was 8.2 (95% CI: 5.5–10.4) in cohort 1 and 14.2 (95% CI: 8.5–NA) months in cohort 2. Efficacy results were not statistically different between cohorts. Grade‐3/4 adverse events occurred in 7/15 cohort 1 patients (46%) and 8/15 cohort 2 patients (53%). Combined cohort (N = 30) baseline alkaline phosphatase and cytokine analysis suggested improved OS for patients with lower alkaline phosphatase (hazards ratio [HR], 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.82), lower circulating interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) (HR, 0.24; 95% Cl: 0.06–0.93) and IL‐6 (HR, 0.13; 95% Cl: 0.03–0.52) levels, and higher circulating IL‐17 (HR, 4.53; 95% CI: 1.47–13.93) levels. There was a trend towards improved outcomes in men with low sPD‐L1 serum levels.ConclusionNivolumab plus ipilimumab demonstrated only modest activity in patients with AR‐V7‐expressing prostate cancer, and was not sufficient to justify further exploration in unselected patients. Stratification by baseline alkaline phosphatase and cytokines (IL‐6, −7, and −17) may be prognostic for outcomes to immunotherapy.
Soil structure recovery following compaction: Short‐term evolution of soil physical properties in a loamy soil
Authors: Keller Thomas , Colombi Tino , Ruiz Siul , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Weisskopf Peter , Koestel John , Sommer Marlies , Stadelmann Viktor , Breitenstein Daniel , Kirchgessner Norbert , Walter Achim , Or Dani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil compaction by farm machinery may persist for decades, hampering soil productivity and functioning. Assessing compaction costs and guiding recovery strategies are hindered by paucity of data on soil structure recovery rates. A long‐term Soil Structure Observatory was established on a loamy soil in Switzerland to monitor soil structure recovery after prescribed compaction, and to better assess the roles of natural processes (vegetation, macrofauna, and shrink–swell cycles) on recovery patterns. The aim of this study was to quantify short‐term soil structure recovery under natural conditions in the presence and absence of plant cover (ley and bare soil). We measured soil porosity and gas and water transport capabilities at 0.1 and 0.3 m depth. Two years after the compaction event, soil physical properties have not recovered to precompaction levels, even within the topsoil. Surprisingly, no differences were observed in the recovery patterns of ley and bare soil treatments. Measurements show that recovery rates differ among soil properties with the most severely affected properties by compaction (permeability) exhibiting highest recovery rates. Total soil porosity shows no recovery trend, suggesting lack of soil decompaction. Improved soil functions and decompaction are distinct aspects of soil structure recovery, with the latter requiring net upward transport of soil mass. We suggest that soil structure recovery proceeds at two fronts: from the soil surface downward, and expanding around local biologically‐active pockets (marked by biopores) into the compacted soil volumes. This concept could be tested with additional data of longer time series at our site as well as in other soils and climates.
Hybridized Graphene for Supercapacitors: Beyond the Limitation of Pure Graphene
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yang Dan , Lau Alan , Ma Tianyi , Lin Han , Jia Baohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGraphene‐based supercapacitors have been attracting growing attention due to the predicted intrinsic high surface area, high electron mobility, and many other excellent properties of pristine graphene. However, experimentally, the state‐of‐the‐art graphene electrodes face limitations such as low surface area, low electrical conductivity, and low capacitance, which greatly limit their electrochemical performances for supercapacitor applications. To tackle these issues, hybridizing graphene with other species (e.g., atom, cluster, nanostructure, etc.) to enlarge the surface area, enhance the electrical conductivity, and improve capacitance behaviors are strongly desired. In this review, different hybridization principles (spacers hybridization, conductors hybridization, heteroatoms doping, and pseudocapacitance hybridization) are discussed to provide fundamental guidance for hybridization approaches to solve these challenges. Recent progress in hybridized graphene for supercapacitors guided by the above principles are thereafter summarized, pushing the performance of hybridized graphene electrodes beyond the limitation of pure graphene materials. In addition, the current challenges of energy storage using hybridized graphene and their future directions are discussed.
Wind tunnel investigations of DU97‐W‐300‐mod equipped with riblets
Authors: Peter Schaffarczyk Alois , Momber Andreas , Stenzel Volkmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA well‐known 30% thick wind turbine aerofoil was partially equipped with riblets, and lift and drag data were measured in a large acoustic wind tunnel. Drag was reduced up to 10%, and lift‐to‐drag ratio increased by up to 30%.
Captive environmental change and induction of natural breeding and egg‐laying in ploughshare tortoises (Astrochelys yniphora)
Authors: Kiryu Daisuke , Otaki Yusuke , Kido Nobuhide , Hara Kumiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ploughshare tortoise (Astrochelys yniphora) is an endangered species. It is important to increase the number of tortoises in the wild and captivity; however, breeding in captivity, especially outside of the natural habitat area, has been unsuccessful worldwide. As a result of an emergency rescue due to a violation of the Act of Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Nogeyama Zoological Gardens (Yokohama, Japan) has housed ploughshare tortoises, and a natural breeding trial started in 2011. In this case, the captive environment in Nogeyama, especially room temperature and humidity, imitated the environment in the natural habitat of northwest Madagascar. The maximum temperature during the day was 30.8–32.5°C throughout the year, but the minimum temperature was 24°C during December and January, representing the rainy season, and 17°C during July, representing the dry season. The humidity was adjusted and the room was not humidified between November and February (dry season) but was humidified by sprinkling water once every few days in March and daily between April and October (rainy season). Natural breeding and egg‐laying were observed 1 year after the captive environmental change. Three neonates were hatched from nine eggs in 3 years after the beginning of the breeding program. This study showed that for natural breeding of the ploughshare tortoises, it is important to adjust the temperature and humidity of the captive environment to imitate the temperature and humidity of the natural habitat.
Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc d’Audoubert (Ariège, France)
Authors: Pastoors Andreas , Lenssen-Erz Tilman , Ciqae Tsamgao , Kxunta /Ui , Thao Thui , Bégouën Robert , Uthmeier Thorsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Tuc d’Audoubert cave (Ariège, France) offers unique insights into the life of Late Pleistocene hunters-gatherers due to its exceptionally good preservation conditions. This is especially true for the 300 footprints in the upper gallery of the cave. Even for the layperson, some trackways are easily recognized. Short episodes of past life become tangible. The spectrum of scientific analytic methods used in western science has not yet provided an option to interpret these visible episodes satisfactorily. For this reason, tracking experts, i.e. indigenous ichnologists, were invited to analyse the footprints in Tuc d’Audoubert. With their dynamic approach of identification, they are able to do justice to the dynamics embodied in the footprints. In total, eight main concentrations in four different locations were studied. Two hundred fifty-five footprints were identified and grouped into 24 events. In view of the group compositions and the assumption that humans did not climb alone into the upper gallery for security reasons, it can be concluded that a maximum of five visits by two to six subjects were carried out. Among the events, the couple of an adult man and an adult woman, who appear together in a total of ten different spots, is particularly noteworthy. Altogether, this study is a first step of a multi-stage procedure. Further analyses based on measurements and plantar pressure analyses will follow.
Following the Father Steps in the Bowels of the Earth: The Ichnological Record from the Bàsura Cave (Upper Palaeolithic, Italy)
Authors: Avanzini Marco , Salvador Isabella , Starnini Elisabetta , Arobba Daniele , Caramiello Rosanna , Romano Marco , Citton Paolo , Rellini Ivano , Firpo Marco , Zunino Marta , Negrino Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe chapter summarizes the new results of the Bàsura Revisited Interdisciplinary Research Project. The integrated interpretation of recent archaeological data and palaeosurface laser scans, along with geoarchaeological, sedimentological, geochemical and archaeobotanical analyses, geometric morphometrics and digital photogrammetry, enabled us to reconstruct some activities that an Upper Palaeolithic human group led inside a deep cave in northern Italy within a single exploration event about 14 ka calBP. A complex and diverse track records of humans and other animals shed light on individual- and group-level behaviour, social relationship and mode of exploration of the uneven terrain. Five individuals, composed of two adults, an adolescent and two children, entered the cave barefoot lightening the way with a bunch of wooden sticks (Pinus t. sylvestris/mugo bundles). While proceeding, humans were forced to move on all fours, and the traces they left represent the first report of crawling locomotion in the global human ichnological record. Anatomical details recognizable in the crawling traces show that no clothing was present between limbs and the trampled sediments. Our study demonstrates that very young children (the youngest about 3 years old) were active members of the human groups, even in apparently dangerous and social activities, shedding light on behavioural habits of Upper Palaeolithic populations.
GADIAM
Authors: Gühne Michael , Mischer Melanie , Kirsch Tim Lukas , Pietrzyk Ulrike , Günther Thomas , Hacker Winfried 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz vernetzter digitaler Arbeitsmittel erhöht den Anteil komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit. Überforderung durch inadäquate fremd- oder selbstgesetzte Zeitvorgaben erhöht das Risiko gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigungen. Für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit existiert kein Verfahren zur Zeitbedarfsermittlung. Ziel des Verbundprojekts GADIAM ist die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit. Dafür wird das partizipative Verfahren zur Zeitbedarfsermittlung von Debitz et al. (2012) auf komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit übertragen und in einem zweischrittigen Fallstudiendesign weiterentwickelt. Im Ergebnis wurde ein aus fünf Schritten bestehendes Verfahren zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit samt Rechnungsmodell zur monetären und nichtmonetären Bewertung der Ergebnisse sowie eine Handlungsanleitung und ein Schulungskonzept entwickelt.
Selbstständiges Arbeiten in der digitalen Fabrik
Authors: Nies Sarah , Kratzer Nick , Casas Beatriz , Reindl Josef , Stadlinger Jörg , Jost Philipp , Ohl Gerd , Holletschke Dieter 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Projekt SOdA haben Wissenschaft und Praxispartner gemeinsam erforscht und erprobt, wie man das Zusammenspiel von Digitalisierung und Arbeitsorganisation so gestaltet, dass die Selbstständigkeit von Beschäftigten gefördert und gute Arbeitsbedingungen mit Innovativität und Produktivität verbunden werden können. Das Projekt basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass die Potenziale der Industrie 4.0 in kooperativen Arbeitsstrukturen am effektivsten mit selbstständig arbeitenden Beschäftigten verwirklicht werden. Zugleich berücksichtigen die Gestaltungsmaßnahmen von SOdA, dass strukturelle Veränderungen in der unternehmerischen Nutzung von Beschäftigtenautonomie auch neue Typen von arbeitsbezogenen Belastungen und Konflikten hervorbringen können.