bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The behaviour of six electrode arrays used in electrical resistivity imaging to detect underground cavities: a numerical study
Authors: Hebbache Kamel , Boubaya Djamel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the efficiency of six electrode arrays used in electrical resistivity imaging. Pole-Pole (PP), Pole-Dipole (PD), Wenner-Alpha (WA), Wenner-Schlumberger (WS), Dipole-Dipole (DD) and multiple Gradient (MG) electrode arrays have been selected to detect underground cavities at shallow depth. Numerical simulation has been made for three synthetic models that have been generated using Res2dmod program. Each model represents three cavities with 2m diameter, spaced 6m from each other and located at a depth of 1.5m from the surface of the ground: 1) air-filled cavity, 2) half-watered cavity and 3) full-watered cavity. The background resistivity of each model was chosen equal to 10, 50 and 250 Ωm respectively. The resistivity of the air and water were set at 106 Ωm and 1 Ωm respectively. The results show that the PD, MG, PP and WS arrays gave good resolutions and clear images, and are less contaminated by noise. The DD array is very sensitive to noise and for this reason, it gave less accurate results for the first and the second synthetic models. An exception is the third synthetic model, where a good resolution model was obtained. This means, that the DD is more efficient in mapping cavities when the background environment is moderately resistive. The shapes of resistive air-filled cavities were found more clearly than those of conductive watered cavities, for the latter, however, the true resistivity values were better estimated than for the air-filled cavities. From the results of the analysis of the inverted synthetic models, the PD, MG, PP and WS arrays show the best results among the other used electrical arrays.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: The Lebanese Societies for Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Joint Guidelines
Authors: Riachy Moussa , Zakhem Aline El , Afif Claude , Choucair Jacques , Yazbeck Patricia , Matar Madonna J. , Aoun-Bacha Zeina , Saleh Wajdy Abi , Juvelekian Georges S. , Yared Nadine , Khalil Pierre Bou , Chalhoub Viviane , Nehme Ralph , Haddad Youssef , Zeineldine Salah , Khuzam Rani Abu , Kanj Souha S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The Lebanese Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (LSIDCM), the Lebanese Society of Critical Care Medicine (LSCCM), and the Lebanese Pulmonary Society (LPS) play a major role in guiding clinicians across Lebanon in prescribing antibiotics for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Members of these societies have tailored the international recommendations for the management of HAP/VAP to local epidemiological and microbiological data. The aims of these local guidelines are to guide clinicians in the prevention of VAP, selection of appropriate empiric and targeted antimicrobial regimens for VAP/HAP and to contribute to improving patient outcomes.
Methods: Recommendations in these guidelines are adapted from international guidelines and are modeled based on locally-derived epidemiological and microbiological data, as well as the availability of antimicrobial agents and other resources.
Results: These guidelines aim to combine both clinical and bacteriological strategies to appropriately diagnose and manage HAP/VAP. They recommend implementing evidence-based preventive measures to lower the rate of VAP and improve patient outcomes. The recommended duration of treatment with antibiotics in general should not exceed 7 days in patients with HAP whereas it should be 7–8 days in patients with VAP. Imunnosuppressed patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection might require longer courses. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (CFT/TAZ) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) are considered good options in patients with HAP/VAP caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They also play a key role in the implementation of a carbapenem-sparing strategy in an antimicrobial stewardship program.
Conclusion: These guidelines represent a major step towards establishing Lebanese national guidelines for the management of HAP/VAP. They also emphasize on timeliness and appropriateness of antibiotic therapy for the management of HAP/VAP.
Is there an optimal timing for surgical treatment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures in the first 24 hours?
Authors: Okkaoglu Mustafa Caner , Ozdemir Firat Emin , Ozdemir Erdi , Karaduman Mert , Ates Ahmet , Altay Murat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:We aimed to determine the ideal surgical timing in the first 24 hours after admission to the hospital of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SHF) that do not require emergent intervention. Materials and Methods:Patients who underwent surgery in our institution between January 2011 and January 2019 due to pediatric Gartland type 3 SHFs were evaluated retrospectively. Open fractures, fractures associated with vascular injury and compartment syndrome, flexion type fractures were excluded. A total of 150 Gartland type 3 were included. The effect of early (<12 hours) or late (>12 hours) surgical interventions, daytime or night-time surgeries, working or non-working hour surgeries on operative parameters (operative duration and open reduction rate, reduction quality on postoperative early radiographs) were evaluated in pediatric SHFs. Results:Early (<12 hours) or late (>12 hours), daytime or nighttime, working or non-working hour surgeries were found to be similar in Gartland type 3 patients regarding early postoperative reduction quality, duration of surgery, open reduction rate (p>0.05). Mean times passed from first admission to hospital until surgery were longer in working hour, late (>12 hours) and daytime surgery groups than non-working hour, early (<12 hours) and night-time surgery groups (p<0.001). Conclusion:Although delaying the operation to the working hours seems to prolong the time until surgery in pediatric Gartland type 3 SHF patients who do not require emergent intervention such as open fractures, neurovascular impairment and compartment syndrome, there may not be a time interval that makes a difference for the patients if surgery is performed within the first 24 hours, thus the surgery could be scheduled according to the surgeons’ preference.Level of Evidence: Level 3, Retrospective cohort study
Chemical-Free Recovery of Crude Protein from Livestock Manure Digestate Solid by Thermal Hydrolysis
Authors: Tasaki Ken 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Protein is becoming an increasingly important resource for a variety of commercial applications. Yet, a large volume of protein is being wasted. Notably, livestock manure solids have a significant content of protein which is not only underutilized, but prone to runoff and eventual breakdown to reactive nitrogen compounds, contributing to eutrophication. It would be desirable to remove protein before it causes environmental hazards and then convert it to value-added commercial applications. We have developed a novel thermal hydrolysis process (THP) to extract crude protein from livestock manure solid, or manure digestate solid (MDS) in particular, without the use of any chemical. We demonstrate the versatility of our new process to control the molecular weight (MW) distribution of the extracted protein hydrolysate (PH). The antioxidant activity of the crude protein hydrolysate (CPH) has been examined through Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay. The results have shown that our CPH had its antioxidant capacity against the peroxyl radical similar to that of vitamin E and exhibited almost 7 times as strong inhibition against the hydroxyl radical as vitamin E. We also evaluated the nutritional value of our PH by analyzing its amino acid composition and the MW distribution through amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The characterizations have revealed that the PH recovered from MDS had 2.5 times as much essential amino acids as soybean meal on dry matter basis, with the MW distribution ranging from over a hundred Da to 100 KDa. Finally, the protein powder was prepared from the extracted CPH solution and its composition was analyzed.
Establishment of HLA class I and MICA/B null HEK-293T panel expressing single MICA alleles to detect anti-MICA antibodies
Authors: Jeon Ji-Ho , Baek In-Cheol , Hong Cheol-Hwa , Park Ki Hyun , Lee Hyeyoung , Oh Eun-Jee , Kim Tai-Gyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pre- and post-transplantation anti-MICA antibody detection development are associated with an increased rejection risk and low graft survival. We previously generated HLA class I null HEK-293T using CRISPR/Cas9, while MICA and MICB genes were removed in this study. A panel of 11 cell lines expressing single MICA alleles was established. Anti-MICA antibody in the sera of kidney transplant patients was determined using FCM (flow cytometric method) and the Luminex method. In the 44 positive sera, the maximum FCM value was 2,879 MFI compared to 28,135 MFI of Luminex method. Eleven sera (25%) were determined as positive by FCM and 32 sera (72%) were positive by the Luminex method. The sum of total MICA antigens, MICA*002, *004, *009, *019, and *027 correlation showed a statistically significant between the two methods (P = 0.0412, P = 0.0476, P = 0.0019, P = 0.0098, P = 0.0467, and P = 0.0049). These results demonstrated that HEK-293T-based engineered cell lines expressing single MICA alleles were suitable for measuring specific antibodies against MICA antigens in the sera of transplant patients. Studies of antibodies to MICA antigens may help to understand responses in vivo and increase clinical relevance at the cellular level such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst for CO2 reduction: hot electrons vs. cold electrons
Authors: Pan Qinying , Abdellah Mohamed , Cao Yuehan , Liu Yang , Lin Weihua , Meng Jie , Zhou Quan , Li Zonglong , Cui Hao , Tanner David , Abdel-Hafiez Mahmoud , Zhou Ying , Pullerits Tonu , Canton Sophie , Xu Hong , Zheng Kaibo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes are promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can be perfect sensitizers to enhance the reduction activities. Here we investigated the excited state dynamics of COF (TpBpy) with 2,2'-bipyridine incorporating Re(CO)5Cl (Re-TpBpy) to rationalize the underlying mechanism. The time-dependent DFT calculation first clarified excited state structure of the hybrid catalyst. The studies from transient visible and infrared spectroscopies revealed the excitation energy-dependent photo-induced charge transfer pathways in Re-TpBpy. Under low energy excitation, the electrons at the LUMO level are quickly injected from Bpy into ReI center (1–2 ps) followed by backward recombination (13 ps). Under high energy excitation, the hot-electrons are first injected into the higher unoccupied level of ReI center (1–2 ps) and then slowly relax back to the HOMO in COF (24 ps). There also remains long-lived free electrons in the COF moiety. This explained the excitation energy-dependent CO2 reduction performance in our system.
Production And Characterization Of Protein Hydrolysate: Effective Utilization Of Trawl Bycatch
Authors: D Yuvaraj , K Sathyakala , R Gnanasekaran , Masi Chandran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Fishing is an industry that provides livelihood to millions who live along the coast and delicious delicacies for the rest. Hence, improving the profitability of the trade has been of utmost importance and has been the research focus of major fishery industries around the globe. Exploring the potential commercialization of wastes produced by the industry is one way to achieve this goal. In this context, the waste may point towards discarded fishes, fish parts, etc. In this research, we are going to study the possibility to efficiently extract Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) which has a huge commercial value from discarded by-catch fishes. Trawling is a fishing method which when employed often results in the capture of a huge quantity and diversity of non-target species due to lack of selectivity of the trawl net. These non-targeted species often termed as by-catch, are often disposed of. These under-valued species are targeted in this work for producing Fish Protein Hydrolysates (FPHs) using commercially available enzymes such as Papain (FPH1), Proteinase K (FPH2), and their functional characteristics such as solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties, oil and water-binding capacity are compared. The experimental design is as shown in the graphical abstract below.Results: Among the two, Fish Protein Hydrolysates (FPHs), prepared FPH1 has comparatively slightly improved functional properties. Conclusion: It offers the potential to be used for various applications in the food industries.
WITHDRAWN: Psychological Impact of a Peer-Led Life Skills-Based Intervention for HIV-Infected Adolescents
Authors: Chari Uttara , Dinakar Chitra , Angeline Nancy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Peers are salient in an adolescent’s life, influencing attitudes and behaviours. This study examines the psychological impact of a peer-led life skills-based intervention for HIV-infected adolescents. We examined trends in change, following a peer-led life skills-based intervention for HIV-infected adolescents, on (i) emotional and behavioural problems and pro-social behaviours, and (ii) coping self-efficacy.Methods: This study is a pre and post intervention cross-sectional study done among 33 HIV-infected adolescents (14 boys and 19 girls) between 12 to 18 years of age from a semi-urban community. Peer-led life skills-based intervention encompassed aspects of HIV-infection including adolescent health, living with HIV, disclosure of HIV status, treatment adherence, substance use, and reproductive health. Life skills comprised of self-awareness, empathy, problem solving, decision making, effective communication, coping with stress, and interpersonal relationships in the context of living with HIV. Outcome measures were (i) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and (ii) Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES).Results: The mean age of sample was 16 years (15.61 ± 1.78). On SDQ, there was significant increase in peer problems (Z = -2.75, p = 0.01) and decrease in pro-social behaviours (Z=-3.76, p = 0.00). Trends suggested decrease in emotional problems (Z = -1.31, p = 0.19). On CSES, there was significant decrease in coping self-efficacy (Z = -2.96, p = 0.00).Conclusions: Peer-led life skills-based intervention for HIV-infected adolescents increased peer problems; decreased pro-social behaviours, coping self-efficacy, and emotional problems.
Elevated Baseline Circulating Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio And Survival In Stage Ⅳ Gastric Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Guoming , Wang Shimin , Meng Liwei , Huang Liming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSystemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays important roles in initiation, promotion and progression of tumor. However, the prognostic role of baseline circulating platelet–to–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (known as a marker of SIR) in human stage Ⅳ gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the value of it in prognosis prediction for stage Ⅳ GC patients. MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO to identify the studies and computed extracted data with STATA 12.0. ResultsA total of 2721 patients with stage Ⅳ GC from 12 published studies were incorporated into this meta-analysis. We found that elevated baseline circulating PLR was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (OS), but not with progression–free survival (PFS) in stage Ⅳ GC patients. However, in stratified analyses, high PLR was remarkably associated with worse 1-year OS, but not with 2-year, 3-year, 4-year or 5-year OS; In addition, it was considerably related with reduced 6-month PFS, but not with 1-year or 2-year PFS. Moreover, high PLR markedly correlated with peritoneal metastasis of patients. Conclusionelevated baseline circulating PLR decreased 1-year OS and 6-month PFS in stage Ⅳ GC patients, implicating that it is a valuable prognostic index for these patients and modifying the inflammatory responses may have a potential for effective treatment.
Genomic Signatures Define Three Subtypes of EGFR-Mutant Stage II-III NSCLC With Distinct Adjuvant Therapy Outcomes
Authors: Liu Si-Yang , Bao Hua , Wang Qun , Mao Weimin , Chen Yedan , Tong Xiaoling , Xu Song-Tao , Wu Lin , Wei Yu-Cheng , Liu Yong-Yu , Chen Chun , Cheng Ying , Yin Rong , Yang Fan , Ren Shengxiang , Li Xiao-Fei , Li Jian , Huang Cheng , Liu Zhidong , Xu Shun , Chen Ke-Neng , Xu Shi-Dong , Liu Lunxu , Yu Ping , Wang Bu-Hai , Ma Haitao , Yan Hong-hong , Dong Song , Zhang Xu-Chao , Su Jian , Yang Jin-Ji , Yang Xue-Ning , Zhou Qing , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Zhong Wen-Zhao , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ADJUVANT study reported the comparative superiority of adjuvant gefitinib over chemotherapy in disease-free survival (DFS) of resected EGFR-mutant stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all patients experienced favorable clinical outcomes with TKI, raising the necessity for further biomarker assessment. By comprehensive genomic profiling of 171 tumor tissues from the ADJUVANT trial, five predictive biomarkers were identified (TP53 exon4/5 mutations, RB1 alterations, and copy number gains of NKX2-1, CDK4, and MYC. Then we integrated them into the Multiple-gene INdex to Evaluate the Relative benefit of Various Adjuvant therapies (MINERVA) score, which categorized patients into three subgroups with relative disease-free survival and overall survival benefits from either adjuvant gefitinib or chemotherapy (Highly TKI-Preferable, TKI-Preferable, and Chemotherapy-Preferable groups). This study demonstrates that predictive genomic signatures could potentially stratify resected EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients and provide precise guidance towards future personalized adjuvant therapy.
Hypoxic Preconditioned Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Enhance Myoblast Fusion and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Archacka Karolina , Grabowska Iwona , Mierzejewski Bartosz , Graffstain Joanna , Górzyńska Alicja , Krawczyk Marta , Różycka Anna M , Kalaszczyńska Ilona , Stremińska Władysława , Jańczyk-Ilach Katarzyna , Walczak Piotr , Janowski Mirosław , Ciemerych Maria Anna , Brzoska Edyta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The skeletal muscle reconstruction occurs thanks to unipotent stem cells, i.e., satellite cells. The satellite cells remain quiescent and localized between myofiber sarcolemma and basal lamina. They are activated in response to muscle injury, proliferate, differentiate into myoblasts, and recreate myofibers. Many stem and progenitor cells support skeletal muscle regeneration, which could be disturbed by extensive damage, sarcopenia, cachexia, or genetic diseases like dystrophy. Many lines of evidence showed that the level of oxygen regulates the course of cell proliferation and differentiation. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed hypoxic’s impact on human and pig bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) and mouse myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion. Moreover, the influence of the transplantation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions on skeletal muscle regeneration was studied. Results: We showed that bone marrow-derived MSCs increased VEGF expression and improved myogenesis under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned bone marrow-derived MSCs into injured muscles resulted in the improved cell engraftment and formation of new vessels. Conclusions: We suggested that SDF-1 and VEGF secreted by hypoxic preconditioned bone marrow-derived MSCs played an essential role in cell engraftment and angiogenesis. Importantly, hypoxic preconditioned bone marrow-derived MSCs more efficiently engrafted injured muscles, however, they did not undergo myogenic differentiation.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Tanzania (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Tanzania, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Seasonal Preponderance of Gastrointestinal Parasites and their impact on Small Ruminants around Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) India
Authors: Wani Ovais Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In India, the Livestock (generally cattle-rearing) is one of the most potential sub-sectors of agriculture which plays a necessary role in endorsing human health and economy and most predominantly in central India, Small ruminants like (sheep and goat) constitute the major portion of livestock. Gwalior is considered as a Semi-Central Zone where different tribes particularly Gujjar’s and Bakerwals had made livestock usually cattle-rearing as their proficient business. The production and productivity of small ruminants in Gwalior state are greatly hindered by various diseases which specially include gastro-intestinal parasitic infection mainly caused due to inappropriate care, unhygienic environmental conditions, severe and hot climatic conditions, and close interaction with other infected animals. Gastrointestinal parasitism is a worldwide problem which has affected masses of ruminants throughout the entire world; and Therefore, a one-year-long epizootic survey was accompanied to study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and various species of GI parasites present in small ruminants like (goats/sheep) in the Gwalior region of Madhya Pradesh. From January 2019 to January 2020, an aggregate of 338 faecal samples of (goats and sheep) from different locations in Gwalior were examined to confirm the presence of parasites and gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Majority of the samples were found positive for endoparasites and goats were also detected positive for gastrointestinal parasites too. In Goat, the inclusive incidence of Haemonchus, Coccidia, Trichuris, Nematodirus, and Fasciola were 47.6, 36.5, 39.6% respectively. While, In Sheep the incidence of Haemonchus, Coccidia, Trichuris were found to be as 58.1, 37.2, 23.2% respectively. More prominently, the occurrence of Nematodirus and Fasciola (20.9, 2.32%) were detected individually in sheep alone. The current analysis could assist as a reference line study for additional extensive experiments to evaluate specific region risk factors.