bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Level in Sera of Patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Younan Doreen Assaad , Ebeid Nancy , Agamia Naglaa , El‐Shafaei Adel 
Published: June 2021

Backgroundalopecia areata(AA) is a common recurrent non‐scarring type of hair loss. the pathogenesis of AA is still uncertain. The immune system has been implicated in its pathogenesis and certain immunomodulatory cytokines play a role in its development. Migration inhibitory factor(MIF) was reported to the first lymphokine which prevents the random migration of macrophages. A recent finding demonstrated that MIF innitiates inflammation and immune response by stimulating the secretion of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines. As regards skin diseases, MIF production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been reported to be markedly increased in patients with atopic dermatitis.The aim of the present work was to measure the serum MIF concentration in patients with AA and in health indivduals.Subjects and methodsThe present study was carried out on 30 patients with AA and 15 healthy controls. The serum level of MIF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Resultsthe mean level of MIF in AA patients was 6.535ng/ml+3.51(mean+SD), while in healthy individuals was 1.89ng/ml+0.91(mean+SD)with statistical sinificant difference (p‐0.016).ConclusionMean serum MIF in patients with AA was higher than that in healthy subjects indicating that MIF has a role in the etiopathogenesis of AA
The effects of corn and soybean grain dusts on the asthmatic phenotype using a murine model of fungal allergic asthma
Authors: Sharma Akshat , Hoselton Scott A , Ghosh Sumit , Schuh Jane M 
Published: June 2021

Agricultural workers and farming communities are repeatedly exposed to grain dust during harvest, transport, and storage. The recognition that this complex mixture of particulates can trigger acute respiratory distress is not new, but the ways in which it may exacerbate both immediate and long‐term outcomes of allergic asthma remain unclear. The objectives of this study are to investigate the impact of repeated grain dust inhalation on the immunologic mechanisms that drive acute and chronic changes in the allergic lung. Using an inhalation model of Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced allergic asthma in mouse, we are investigating the effect of repeated exposures to corn and soybean grain dusts (collected from the rafters of commercial grain elevators). Our early data has revealed a prominent, but short‐lived, neutrophilia in the airways of naïve mice subjected to a single, 20‐min dust exposure. Continuing, we will compare airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory responses after multiple grain dust exposures in naïve and allergic lungs, as well as the chronic architectural changes that account for much of the morbidity of long‐term asthma.This pilot project was funded through Central States‐Centre for Agricultural Safety and Health (CDC/NIOSH/OD).
Inhaled Carbon Monoxide Accelerates Resolution of Inflammation via Novel Pro‐resolving Mediators and Heme Oxygenase‐1
Authors: Shinohara Masakazu , Chiang Nan , Dalli Jesmond , Mirakaj Valbona , Choi Augustin M.K. , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: June 2021

Resolution of acute inflammation is an active event accompanied by biosynthesis of specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPM). We employed a systems approach to determine the impact of carbon monoxide (CO) in resolution active programs. In zymosan induced murine peritonitis model, inhaled CO gas (250 ppm) significantly limited PMN infiltration (~44% reduction at 6h) into peritoneum and shortened resolution interval. We profiled exudate lipid mediators (LM), CO reduced leukotriene (LT) B4 (21±11 vs. 59±24 pg/mouse at 6h) and elevated SPM including resolvin (Rv) E2 (1,201±197 vs. 864±125 pg/mouse), RvD1 (27±4 vs. 16±5 pg/mouse) and maresin 1 (MaR1; 26±9 vs. 15±3 pg/mouse). With human macrophages, SPM (10 pM–10 nM) elevated heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 (~50% at 8h). CO also enhanced HO‐1 expression (~25%), an action reversed by blockage of a key SPM biosynthesis enzyme 15‐lipoxygenase (LOX) type 1. CO increased phagocytosis with human macrophage, that was further enhanced by SPM. This CO increased phagocytosis was blocked by 15‐LOX inhibition and SPM stimulated phagocytosis was diminished by HO‐1 inhibition. In murine peritonitis, CO inhalation significantly increased numbers of macrophages carrying ingested apoptotic PMN at 12h in both exudates (1.9 vs. 3.4%) and inguinal lymph nodes (2.0 vs. 4.7%).These results indicate that CO accelerates resolution of acute inflammation, shortens resolution intervals, enhances macrophage efferocytosis and temporally regulates local levels of LM/SPM. Moreover, they provide pro‐resolving mechanisms for HO‐1/CO that is part of the SPM‐initiated resolution circuit.
Concussive injury elicits human cerebrovascular endothelial cell activation in vitro
Authors: Augustine Claudia , Cepinskas Gediminas , Fraser Douglas 
Published: June 2021

Concussive brain injury may directly injure cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CVEC) of the blood‐brain barrier and/or CVEC may be altered by circulating trauma‐induced inflammatory mediators. Thus, we assessed for activation of CVEC by either a concussive injury or by application of plasma from trauma patients.MethodsPlasma was obtained from pediatric multisystem trauma patients (injury severity score≥12) and age/sex‐matched controls. Human immortalized CVEC (hCMEC/D3; provided by Dr. P. Couraud, INSERM) were employed to assess for activation in vitro. Concussive injury was induced in hCMEC/D3 grown on flexible supports with a compressed air pulse at 4 psi/well. In parallel, uninjured CVEC were treated with 20% v/v blood plasma collected from trauma patients or healthy controls.ResultsA single concussive injury to hCMEC/D3 resulted in increased nitric oxide (NO; DAF‐FM nitrosation) at 15 and 30 minutes, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS; DHR‐123 oxidation) at 2 hours and increased 51Cr‐PMN adhesion at 6 hours. In contrast, application of 20% v/v trauma patient plasma to hCMEC/D3 failed to induce oxidative stress, activate NF‐κB (ELISA) or elicit PMN adhesion assessed under “flow” (relative to control plasma‐treated hCMEC/D3).ConclusionsDirect concussive injury induces hCMEC/D3 activation in vitro, whereas application of 20% v/v trauma plasma is not potent enough to activate CVEC.
Dynamics of Nitric Oxide Activity are Sufficient and Optimal to Drive Lymphatic Pumping
Authors: Kunert Christian , Padera Timothy P , Munn Lance L 
Published: June 2021

The lymphatic system is critical for maintaining fluid homeostasis and immunosurveillance in tissues, but it malfunctions in many pathologies. Active pumping of fluid by collecting lymphatic vessels is a critical component of lymphatic function, transferring fluid from initial lymphatic beds, but the details of this mechanism are not well understood. Previous work has shown that lymphatic vessels are equipped with one‐way intraluminal valves to maintain unidirectional flow, and that the contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels is effected by nitric oxide (NO). Here we present a computational model that reproduces the relevant dynamics of lymphatic contraction based on known biological principles of nitric oxide combined with fluid dynamics. Shear stresses imparted by the flowing lymph induce nitric oxide locally, which cause a relaxation (dilation) of the vessel wall. The subsequent rapid degradation of NO allows for vessel contraction and fluid movement, which combined with intraluminal valves results in efficient and robust pumping.We hypothesized that cyclic changes in shear stress and the resulting nitric oxide levels are able to produce and sustain pumping in a lymphatic vessel. To test this, we simulated lymphatic pumping using a lattice Boltzmann (LB) approach. The vessel walls consist of moving boundaries affected by a force proportional to the NO concentration and a damped, harmonic restoring potential. The NO decay and diffusion are calculated by a finite difference scheme. Our simulations show that lymphatic pumping is a stable and robust process, able to operate over a range of parameter space. Contributing to this stability is the short lifetime of NO, optimized for efficient, sustained pumping. We also demonstrate how gravity influences the pumping and that no external steering mechanism is needed.
Central Histaminergic System Mediates Prostaglandin Cascade Induced Cardiovascular Effects
Authors: Yalcin Murat , Altinbas Burcin , Topuz Bora Burak , Yilmaz Mustafa Sertac , Savci Vahide , Aydin Sami 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we showed that central injection of melittin, a phospholipase A2 activator, arachidonic acid (AA) or U‐46619, a thromboxane A2 analog, caused pressor effects. Moreover centrally injected histamine leads to pressor response by activating central histamine receptors. In the present study, it was aimed to demonstrate interaction between central prostaglandinergic and histaminergic system on central regulation of cardiovascular system by activating prostaglandin cascade with central administration of melittin or AA.Experiments were performed in male Spraque Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected melittin or AA caused dose‐ and time‐dependent increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decrease in heart rate (HR) as we reported previously. Also, melittin or AA accompanied by 28 % or 56 % increase in extracellular histamine concentration in the posterior hypothalamus, respectively as shown in microdialysis studies. Moreover, H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine almost completely and H3/H4 receptor antagonist thioperamide partly blocked melittin‐evoked cardiovascular effects, whereas H1 receptor blocker chlorpheniramine had no effect.In conclusion, obtained first data show that there is an interaction between central histaminergic and prostaglandin cascade to central regulate cardiovascular system.This study was supported by grants from TUBITAK (110O878).
Treatment of sciatic nerve injury in one experimental model in rat with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Ortiz‐Villegas Miguel , Gama‐Aguilar Jorge Alejandro , Castillo‐Hernandez Maria Carmen , Lara‐Padilla Eleazar , Guevara‐Balcazar Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

Participation in sports has increased significantly in our society, the benefits associated with this practice are well documented in young, adults and elderly; interestingly competitive sports have taken on new meaning and intensity in sports has increased as well as the degree in lesions in athletesOne of the more commune injuries in soft tissue is in the lumbar region affecting the intervertebral disks, known as disc herniation. Constantly occur in the athlete that is under great force in your body for an incorrect position. Sports injury showing greater lumbar and sciatica nerve injury are rhythmic gymnastics, football and weightlifting.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sports has been used for fatigue and for some inflammatory lesions that make athlete back to training in a shorter period of time.The sciatic nerve injured protocol in rat with HBO treatment, is a model that allow to follow the recovery in this lesion with oxygen treatment, we use rat with sciatic nerve lesion with and without oxygen therapy, after 10 session of HBO, the recover of the sensibility of the nerve was faster that the group of rats without this therapy.
Metabolic Profile of Brazilian Elite Boxing Athletes
Authors: Burini Franz Homero , Cruz Igor Freitas , Romano Felipe Freitas , Alves Mateus Freitas , Suárez João Carlos , Ayres Claudio Carlos , Torezan Gabriel Carlos , Teixeira Okesley Carlos , Manda Rodrigo Minoru , Santi Bernardino Carlos , Zampronha Waldir Carlos , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: June 2021

Elite athletes present a peculiar profile that demands specific performance assessment, including training, dietary recommendations and metabolic stress repercussion.This study aimed to assess the metabolic impairment regarding nutritional intake, eletrolytes, gluconeogenesis (urea cycle) and muscle damage responses of Brazilian elite boxing athletes.For RMR evaluation, a portable analyzer was used in 11 athletes (7 males/4 females; 25,5±3yrs); nutritional pattern was analyzed using daily 24h records, with specific software for qualitative datas. They were submitted to blood tests analysis for acute and chronic biochemical markers of stress.RMR was 1341,2±423,2, higher in males (1496,7±109,2; 1069,2±646,4). Caloric intake was 2038,6±575,2, higher in females (2323,2±786,8; 1874,78±394,6). Qualitative analysis showed lower carbohydrate intake (91% of the athletes). 36% showed high protein intake. Eletrolytes intake, such as sodium and pottasium were abnormal in 100% of the athletes. CK values were abnormal in 90% of the athletes; Urea was elevated in 25% of the athletes. Sodium and potassium were above the DRI, and the serum levels were in normal range (138±18mg/dL; 4± 10.8mg/dL).The present study evidences abnormalities that should be focused on the multidisciplinary matter, avoiding deleterious atitudes such as dehydration and malnutrition, wich could lead to decrease in performance.
Artery of Adamkiewicz: Medullary Artery or Radicular Artery?
Authors: Schenk Michael P. , Haines Duane E , Cunningham W. Kyle 
Published: June 2021

The artery of Adamkiewicz (A of A), after Albert Adamkiewicz (1882–1921) provides 75–80% blood supply to the spinal cord by way of the anterior spinal artery. Haller in 1754, described this vessel in “Iconum Anatomicarum”, but did not name it. This artery, the “magnus ramus radicularis anterior” or “arteria magna spinalis”, is interpreted as the greater radicular artery. Recently, it has been recognized by other anatomical terms.From the intercostal a., a spinal a. enters the neural foramen and penetrates the dural root sheath as a radicular a., a medullary a. or both. Consequently, the radicular aa. supply the nerve roots (L. radix, root), and the medullary aa. supplement the anterior spinal a. (75%) while the posterior medullary a. supplement the posterior spinal aa. Contributions to the nerve root by the medullary aa. is minimal.It has been known for decades the medullary a. supplements the spinal cord and not the radicular a. Anatomical knowledge of (A of A) and its correlation with the intercostal aa. is essential in the prevention of postoperative neurosurgical/cardiovascular procedures, i.e. paraplegia.PurposeClarify arterial structures of the spinal cord, and emphasize anatomical relationships of (A of A).MethodExtensive literature search, dissection and consultation with both basic science and clinical faculty.
A morphological study of the mandibular foramina in Japanese macaques
Authors: Sato Iwao , Miwa Yoko , Zaizen Tomonori , Sunohara Masataka , Yosue Takashi , Shimada Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionTwo foramina and related accessory foramina are present at the labial surface of the mandible in Japanese macaques. However, the correlations between the shape and the location of these foramina haves not been precisely reported. These foramina may indicate the course of the nerve and arterial supply.Materials and methodsDental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the morphology of the mandible in Macaca fuscata using the osteological collections of the Dept. of Neurolo, Gross Anat, Kagoshima Univ. Grad. Sch. Med&Dent. This study focused on the morphological features of the foramina and the relationships between the primary foramen and the accessory foramina in the Japanese macaque.ResultsWe investigated the multi‐foramina structure of the Japanese macaque mandible using CBCT and observed the morphological structures of the mental foramen and accessory foramina at the labial surface of the mandible using 3D images. The lingual multi‐foramina were also identified at the anterior lingual surface of the mandible. We classified three types of canal from 3D images, a tube‐like shape, a funnel shape, and a branched shape. The two canals were found in six cases (42.9%, 6/14) and contained nerves and blood vessels, which could be observed macroscopically. The nerves and blood vessels in the multi‐foramina supplied the soft tissues of the labial and lingual regions of the mandible.
Clinical Relevance of Diastasis Recti Abdominis Revisited
Authors: Curran Robert 
Published: June 2021

Diastasis Rect Abdominis is the separation, not splitting, of the rectus abdominus muscles, it is quantified by the inter‐recti distance.Diastasis rectus is the most common congenital abnormality of the abdominal wall. It consists of an upper midline protrusion of the abdominal wall between the right and left rectus abdominis muscles. In the adult, the population most often cited with this condition is the postpartum female, although males can also be effected. The separation occurs frequently during pregnancy, either gradually or suddenly, as a result of exertion imposed on weak musculature.CIGNA's clinical policy states, “Other than its untoward cosmetic appearance, diastasis recti does not lead to any complications that require intervention. Diastasis recti has no clinical significance, does not require treatment and is not considered a true hernia (Jeyarajah and Harford, 2010).This presentation will re‐investigate the pathophysiology, biomechanics, and literature associated with this condition, possibly drawing different conclusions.
Cutaneous innervation of the ankle: an anatomical study with clinical implications
Authors: Duscher Dominik , Wenny Raphael , Weninger Patrick , Hirtler Lena 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThree nerves innervate the skin in the foot and ankle region. The saphenous nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the foot, the sural nerve the lateral side and the superficial peroneal nerve the middle part. Due to their course in the vicinity of the medial and lateral malleoli, these nerves are at significant risk during orthopedic interventions.The aim of this study is to investigate the distal course of the three cutaneous nerves of the ankle and to determine their exact relationship to easy identifiable bony landmarks. The clarification of the orientation of the nerves around the ankle should be beneficial to the reduction of nerve injuries during surgical approaches in this area.Materials and methods10 fresh‐frozen and 40 embalmed lower extremities of adults were dissected. The skin and the subcutaneous adipose tissue were removed to expose the underlying neural structures. Appropriate bony landmarks were defined. To locate the exact position of the nerves standardized digital photographs were taken and computer‐assisted measurements were conducted.ResultsThe positions of the superficial peroneal nerve, the sural nerve and the saphenous nerve were measured using reference lines: the intermalleolar line and the line from the fifth metatarsal bone to the highest point of the Lisfranc‐line for the superficial peroneal nerve; the line from the lateral malleolus to the upper border of the calcaneus and the line from the fifth metatarsal bone to the highest point of the Lisfranc line for the sural nerve and the line from the medial malleolus to the head of the talus for the saphenous nerve.ConclusionThe determination of the exact orientation of the nerves around the ankle should help minimizing the nerve injury rate during surgical approaches in this area. With the described measuring method using easy to identify bony landmarks the location of the cutaneous nerves of the ankle region could be defined precisely.Grant Funding Source: AAA
The role of the tenocyte in tendon ossification in an avian model
Authors: Agabalyan Natasha Anahid , Evans Darrell John Rhys , Stanley Rachael Louise 
Published: June 2021

Tendon ossification, the deposit of bone‐like material within tendon tissue, is common amongst our aging population. Often resulting in painful and debilitating conditions, this ossification compounds damage on an already vulnerable tissue. Although tendon is a key component of the musculoskeletal unit, its repair when damaged is poor. Whereas human tendons may undergo this process through injury, age or even disease; the hindlimb tendons of the adult domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) undergo natural ossification. Little is known about the processes underlying this mechanism, yet it would stand to reason that tenocytes play an important role.The nature of tissue and cell components of the adult ossified avian tendon were analyzed and compared to the developing non‐ossified avian tendon. The role of the tenocyte and its potential plasticity was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. And the existence of multipotent cells within tendon tissue, Tendon Derived Stem‐like Cells (TDSCs), was explored.Analysis of the adult ossified avian tendon revealed an ossification process comparable to endochondral ossification. Tenocyte plasticity was analyzed and shown to be restricted to a population within tendon issue, TDSCs.Understanding the role of the tenocyte and the process behind tendon ossification may help prevent ossification occurring in injured or diseased tendon.Funded by The Anatomical SocietyGrant Funding Source: none
Expression of Steroids Sex Hormone Receptors in the External Genitalia of She‐Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Inpanbutr Nongnuch , Emam Mahmoud A. , El‐Zoghby Ihab , Bakry Hatem , Bolon Brod 
Published: June 2021

To explore the role of hormonal fluctuations on external genitalia function in female camels, the localization and distribution of steroid sex hormone receptors were examined by immunohistochemistry in vestibule, vulva, and clitoris acquired during breeding and non‐breeding seasons. Animals (n=6 per season) were adults (5 – 10 years) with no history of reproductive tract or systemic disease. Estrogen receptor‐a (ERa) was expressed throughout all mucosal and submucosal tissues in all three regions. Progesterone receptor (PR) was expressed throughout the vestibule and along the mucosal surface of the vulva, but it could not be seen in vulvar skin and the clitoris. Androgen receptor (AR) was expressed throughout the vestibule, clitoris and vulvar mucosa. Epithelial expression of ERa and PR was higher during the breeding season, but AR was higher during the non‐breeding season. These data suggest that significant seasonal changes (p<0.05) in sex steroid receptor expression may play a role regulating external genitalia function in female camels.This paper was supported by grant from the government of Egypt (MAE and EME).
Naltrexone Accelerates Full‐Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing by Enhancing Remodeling
Authors: Immonen Jessica , Zagon Ian , McLaughlin Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk complications from impaired wound healing, and the pathophysiology of wound repair is poorly understood. Delayed repair of full‐thickness cutaneous wounds in T1D rats is reversed by blockade of the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr) with topically applied naltrexone (NTX), an opioid antagonist. NTX accelerates wound closure and angiogenesis of cutaneous wounds in both T1D and normal rats. To evaluate wound remodeling, streptozotocin‐induced T1D rats, and normal rats, with 6 mm cutaneous wounds, were topically treated with NTX or sterile saline in moisturizing cream (3x/day) for 20 days. Tissue specimens were evaluated for tensile strength, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression and collagen maturation. Collagen maturation, as measured by Sirius red staining, revealed that T1D NTX‐treated wounds showed a 45‐fold increase in maturation compared to T1D controls after 20 days of treatment. On day 20, T1D controls had significantly less MMP‐9 expression within the wound compared to T1D NTX‐treated and normal rats. By day 60 post‐wounding, tensile strength values of wounds in T1D rats treated with NTX were comparable to those in normal rats, whereas vehicle treated T1D wounds displayed significantly lower tensile strengths. In summary, blockade of endogenous opioids by NTX provided a non‐toxic biological treatment that accelerated wound remodeling in T1D rats.Grant Funding Source: American Diabetes Association