bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity Pattern among the Geriatric Population in an Urban Area of Davangere, Karnataka
Authors: Dhar Ruchi , GS Vidya , Kashyap Ritu 
Published: August 2021

Background: According to census 2011 the elderly population aged 60 years and above accounts for 8% of the total population and is projected to rise to 12.4% by the year 2026. The elderly are one of the most vulnerable and high-risk groups in terms of health status and hence their health-related problems need to be assessed and addressed accordingly.
Objective: To study the morbidity pattern among the geriatric population in the urban field practice area of JJM Medical college Davangere.
Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study which was conducted in the urban field practice area of JJM Medical College Davangere. The total study subjects were 440 individuals aged 60 years and above. Data was collected using a predesigned, pre-tested and semi- structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using MS Excel and Open-Epi Info software version 2.2.
Results: The study revealed that the some of the common morbidities among the geriatric subjects were the disorders of the musculoskeletal system (71.4%), eye and adnexa (49.7%), oral cavity (32.9%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders (32.9%) etc.
Conclusion: In this study a significant association was found between some of the morbidities and socio demographic determinants like age, occupation and religion.
Post Flood Chemoprophylaxis with Doxycycline for Leptospirosis in an Endemic Area; Case Control Study
Authors: Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Koramboor Swathi Vipinan , Thottathan Athira 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: During the year 2019, Kerala state experienced flooding during August. Following this mass chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline was given in the flood in affected areas. In this context, the study was conducted with the objectives to identify the risk factors of leptospirosis and to know the usefulness of chemoprophylaxis with doxycycline in an endemic area.
Methodology: It was conducted at a public sector tertiary care hospital setting. Cases were adult patients admitted in medical ward with confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis and the controls were selected from the bystanders of the selected cases. Collected data were entered into MS Excel and analyzed using PASW’18 software.
Results: Among cases (n=38), 84.2% were males and the age was 43.87 (15.5) years. Among controls (n=47), 85.1% were males with age of 45.83 (14.17) years. Out of this, occupational exposure (OR 4.22, 95% CI 1.61 – 11.09, p=0.003) and any wound during past one month (OR 27.6, 95% CI 3.49.17 – 217.75,p=0.001) were significantly associated with incidence of leptospirosis. Intake of doxycycline within 2 weeks of flood was found to be protective (95% OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.72, p=0.023).
Conclusion: Our study found that occupational factors, and any wound or injury are important risk factors of leptospirosis and prophylaxis with doxycycline immediately after flood can reduce the risk of leptospirosis.
THE SEQUENCE SPACE $\mathcal C(p)$ AND RELATED MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Pehlivan S. , Cakar Ö. 
Published: August 2021

In this paper we define the sequence space $\mathcal C(p)$ defined in an incomplete seminormed space $(X,g)$, namely\[ \mathcal C(p) = \{(x_k) \subset X: \sup_{r\ge 1}g(x_k - x_{k+r})^{p_k}\to 0, k\to\infty \} \]
where $p =(p_k)$ is a sequence of positive numbers. Then we investigated some of its fundamental properties and some of related matrix transformations.
Identification of reliable reference genes for quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of the Rhus chinensis Mill. leaf response to temperature changes
Authors: Chen Yanchao , Luo Biao , Liu Chuwei , Zhang Zhengfeng , Zhou Chi , Zhou Ting , Peng Guoping , Wang Xujun , Li Waichin , Wu Chuan , Rao Liqun , Wang Qiming 
Published: August 2021

Rhus chinensis Mill. (RCM) is the host plant of Galla chinensis, which is valued in traditional medicine. Environmental temperature directly determines the probability of gallnut formation and RCM growth. At present, there is no experiment to systematically analyse the stability of internal reference gene (RG) expression in RCM. In this experiment, leaves that did not form gallnuts were used as the control group, while leaves that formed gallnuts were used as the experimental group. First, we conducted transcriptome experiments on RCM leaves to obtain 45 103 differential genes and functional enrichment annotations between the two groups. On this basis, this experiment established a transcriptional gene change model of leaves in the process of gallnut formation after being bitten by aphids, and RCM reference candidate genes were screened from RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) data. This study is based on RCM transcriptome data and evaluates the stability of 11 potential reference genes under cold stress (4 °C) and heat stress (34 °C), using three statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). The results show that GAPDH1 + PP2A2/UBQ are stable reference genes under heat stress, while GAPDH1 + ACT are the most stable under cold stress. This study is the first to screen candidate reference genes in RCM and could help guide future molecular studies in this genus.
Evaluating the impact of prescription isodose line on plan quality using Gamma Knife inverse planning
Authors: Xu Qianyi , Kubicek Gregory , Mulvihill David , Goldman Warren , Eastwick Gary , Turtz Alan , Fan Jiajin , Luo Dershan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impact of selection of prescription isodose line (IDL) on plan quality has not been well evaluated during inverse planning (IP). In this study, a total of 180 IP plans at five levels of IDL were generated for 30 brain metastases (BMs). For each BM, one round of IP was performed with typical IP settings, followed by a quick fine‐tuning to ensure the same target coverage and comparable conformality index. The impact of the IDL on the quality metrics (selectivity, gradient index [GI], and treatment time) was evaluated. The decrease of selectivity and increase of GI meant inferior target dose conformality and more dose spillage. Additionally, a metric directly correlated to the treatment time was proposed. For all cases, the mean GI decreased monotonically as IDL decreased from 70% to 30%, and the decreasing rate was significantly different based on tumor size. The mean selectivity and number of shots decreased monotonically as IDL decreased for all the tumors. From 70% to 30% IDL, the decreasing rate of the mean selectivity was 2.8% (p = 0.020), 7.7% (p = 0.005), and 15.4% (p = 0.020) and that of the number of shots was 75.4% (p = 0.001), 73.2% (p = 0.001), and 50.7% (p = 0.009), for the large, medium, and small tumors, respectively. For the medium and small tumor groups, the mean treatment time increased monotonically when IDLs decreased (increasing rate was 80.0% [p = 0.002] for medium tumors [p = 0.001] and 130.8% [p = 0.001] for small tumors from 70% to 30%). For the large tumors, the mean treatment time was the shortest at 50% IDL (59.0 min) and higher at 70% (65.9 min) and 30% (71.9 min). Overall, the GammaPlan chose smaller sectors for plans with lower IDLs except for the large size group.
Trend analysis of the dosimetric impact of anatomical changes during proton therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma
Authors: Narita Yuki , Kato Takahiro , Ono Takashi , Oyama Sho , Yamazaki Yuhei , Ouchi Hisao , Takemasa Kimihiro , Murakami Masao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeAnatomical changes, such as shrinkage and aeration, can affect dose distribution in proton therapy (PT) for maxillary sinus carcinoma (MSC). These changes can affect the dose to the target and organs at risk (OARs); however, when these changes occur during PT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric impact of anatomical changes during PT.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients with MSC were enrolled in this study. Initial PT plans were generated based on initial computed tomography (CT) images. Several repeat CT images were obtained to confirm anatomical changes during PT. Evaluation PT plans were generated by copying initial PT plans to repeat CT images. The dose differences of the target and OARs were evaluated by comparing both the plans.ResultsAt 3–4 weeks after the initiation of PT, the target volume reduced by approximately 10% as compared with the initial volume. Consequently, the target volumes gradually varied until the end of treatment. The value of V95(volume that received 95% of the prescription dose) in the clinical target volume of the evaluation PT plan was similar to that of the initial PT plan. However, the dose to OARs, such as the contralateral optic nerve, contralateral eyeball, brainstem, and optic chiasm, increased significantly from the middle to the later phases of the treatment course. In contrast, there was a slight dose difference in the ipsilateral optic apparatus.ConclusionThe trend analysis in this study showed that anatomical changes appeared 3–4 weeks after the start of PT, and the dose to the OARs tended to increase. Therefore, it is recommended to check the status of tumor 3–4 weeks after the start of treatment to avoid the deterioration of dose distribution due to these changes.
Spontaneous Topological Magnetic Transitions in NdCo5 Rare‐Earth Magnets
Authors: Zuo Shulan , Liu Jun , Qiao Kaiming , Zhang Ying , Chen Jie , Su Na , Liu Yanli , Cao Jun , Zhao Tongyun , Wang Jingmin , Hu Fengxia , Sun Jirong , Jiang Chengbao , Shen Baogen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParticle‐like magnetic textures with nanometric sizes, such as skyrmions, are potentially suitable for designing high‐efficiency information bits in future spintronics devices. In general, the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions and dipolar interactions are the dominant factors for generating nonlinear spin configurations. However, to stabilize the topological skyrmions, an external magnetic field is usually required. In this study, the spontaneous emergence of skyrmions is directly observed, together with the unique successive topological domain evolution during the spin reorientation transition in a neodymium–cobalt (NdCo5) rare‐earth magnet. On decreasing the temperature, nanometric skyrmion lattices evolve into enclosed in‐plane domains (EIPDs) similar to mini bar‐magnets with size below 120 nm. The internal magnetization rotates with magnetic anisotropy, demonstrating the ability to manipulate the mini bar‐magnets. The nanoscale EIPD lattices remain robust over the wide temperature range of 241–167 K, indicating the possibility of high‐density in‐plane magnetic information storage. The generation of spontaneous magnetic skyrmions and the successive domain transformation in the traditional NdCo5 rare‐earth magnet may prompt application exploration for topological magnetic spin textures with novel physical mechanisms in versatile magnets.
Long‐Term‐Stable Strong Second Harmonic Generation in Flexible DAST−PVDF Composite Films Realized by the Interface Interactions
Authors: Cheng Xiaomeng , Xu Xiangdong , Zhang Mingang , Gu Yu , Wang Ququan , Qiu Yunhang , Fan Ting , Jiang Yadong , Xu Jimmy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, novel composite films that are composed of guest 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐4′‐N′‐methyl‐stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) and host polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer are prepared. Results show that these guest‐host composite films offer the advantages of strong second harmonic generation (SHG), scalability, flexibility, and long‐term stability. The SHG pumped at 800 nm in the poled, thermally annealed, and phase‐matched DAST−PVDF composite films are four orders of magnitude stronger than that of a pure PVDF film, or 300 times stronger than that of a potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal. Particularly, the interface interactions of the electrostatic interactions and the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between DAST and PVDF improve the conjugation of π electrons and molecular ordering of DAST, making the NLO properties of the composites tunable with the ratio of DAST:PVDF. And consequently, the high SHG of the DAST−PVDF composite films can remain stable even after exposure to air for three years.
Optimizing the Magnetocuring of Epoxy Resins via Electromagnetic Additives
Authors: Chaudhary Richa , Chaudhary Varun , Suda Yoshiyuki , Ramanujan Raju V. , Steele Terry W. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnetocuring of adhesives refers to the curing of an epoxy + Curie temperature controlled magnetic nanoparticles (CNP) composite using a suitable alternating magnetic field. The controlled heating of the CNP results in remote, wireless curing without resin overheating. However, typical CNP possess only a fraction of the heat output of ferric oxide nanoparticles, quantified as the specific absorption rate (SAR). Previous investigations of epoxy + CNP adhesives revealed a SAR of 5 W.g−1, which is 10–100× less than that of ferric oxides. Here, it is demonstrated that SAR can be improved to up to 60 W.g−1 by tuning CNP composition and by the addition of carbon allotropes (CA) within the resin. Heat generation and dissipation can be also regulated by electromagnetic shielding, resin conductivity, and viscosity. Nanocoils and nanotubes of CA result in improved heating profiles of epoxy thermosets. Magnetocured composites achieve activation within 180 s due to the improved SAR and addition of CA. Remarkably, under optimized conditions, a relatively stable one‐pot adhesive was formed by magnetocuring of epoxy + CNP + CA composites without a hardener.
Pressure Engineering for Extending Spectral Response Range and Enhancing Photoelectric Properties of Iodine
Authors: Li Zonglun , Li Haiyan , Liu Nana , Du Mingyang , Jin Xilian , Li Quanjun , Du Yi , Guo Lin , Liu Bingbing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConstantly exploring and improving the photoelectric properties of functional materials is of paramount importance for the development of the optoelectronics industry. Herein, a new strategy to extend the spectral response range and enhance the photoelectric properties of functional materials using high pressure is presented. In addition, the successful application of this strategy to the regulation of the photoelectric properties of 2D layered semiconductor iodine is reported. The maximum photocurrent is four orders of magnitude higher than that measured under initial pressure, with visible‐light illumination. Impressively, the light‐response range of iodine is successfully extended to the near‐infrared (1064 nm) with the application of pressure, and the photoresponse properties are also significantly enhanced with compression. These dramatically enhanced photoelectric activities are attributed to charge delocalization as well as an increased charge density in the regions between parallel molecules, which occur as a result of pressure‐induced charge transfer in the iodine molecules. These findings can be extended to guide the modification of the spectral response range and photoelectric properties of other functional materials.
Fertilizer source and chitosan effect on productivity, nutrient accumulation, and phenolic compounds of Thymus daenensis Celak
Authors: Bistgani Zohreh Emami , Hashemi Masoud , Hamid Rasmieh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProductivity of medicinal and aromatic plants refers to their biomass and the target chemical constituents' quantity. A 2‐yr field study was laid out as a split‐plot to evaluate the effectiveness of the exogenous chitosan and fertilizer type on biomass, biochemical characteristics, and phenolic compounds of Thymus daenensis Celak. (denaian thyme, from the mint family). Mainplots consisted of fertilizer type, including synthetic fertilizer (Syn), cow manure (CM), vermicompost (VC), and a combined fertilizer. Foliar application of chitosan at three concentrations (0, 200, and 400 mg L–1) was allocated to subplots. Thyme responded differently, based on its stage of growth. In the establishing year, Syn, and 400 mg L–1 chitosan produced 2,047 kg ha–1dry matter. In the harvesting year, maximum biomass (2,853 kg ha–1) was obtained from the combined fertilizer and 400 mg L–1 chitosan. Accumulation of nutrients was in the order of K > N > P. The highest nutrient accumulation was obtained when combined fertilizer was used. Exogenous chitosan at the rate of 400 mg L–1 boosted nutrient density in leaves. Inboth growing seasons, all phenolic compounds were influenced by fertilizer and chitosan application. Cinnamic acid and rosmarrenic acid were the major phenolic compounds. In the establishment year, major and minor phenolic compounds were highest when CM was applied. Phenolic compounds reached their peak concentration in the harvest year in combined fertilizer treatment. The interactive effects of fertilizer and chitosan on phenolic compounds were minimal in both growing seasons. Combined organic and Syn and chitosan seemed an effective strategy to improve biomass yield, phenolic compounds, and nutrient density in thyme.
Victor McKusick and his short course
Authors: Wray Charles , Cox Gregory , Valle David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Short Course in Human and Mammalian Genetics and Genomics (aka the “Short Course” or the “Bar Harbor course”) is one of Victor McKusick's landmark contributions to medical genetics. Conceived in 1959 as a way to increase the contribution of genetic advances to medicine, it has directly affected more than 7000 students and 600 participating faculty from around the world. Now, more than 10 years after his death, it continues to be a vibrant disseminator of genetics, and genomics knowledge for medicine, a catalytic agent for ongoing research and a source of collegiality in our field. What an extraordinary gift!
Rhodium‐Catalyzed meta‐Selective C−H Carboxylation Reaction of 1,1‐Diarylethylenes via Hydrorhodation‐Rhodium Migration
Authors: Saito Takanobu , Caner Joaquim , Toriumi Naoyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA meta‐selective C−H carboxylation reaction of 1,1‐diarylethylene derivatives with CO2 by using a rhodium catalyst with NaOiPr as a stoichiometric reductant has been achieved. Together with hydrogenation of the ethylene moiety, a carboxyl group was introduced to the meta‐position of the aryl ring with high selectivity over the ortho‐positions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that this carboxylation reaction proceeds via hydrorhodation on the ethylene moiety, followed by 1,4‐rhodium migration and successive 1,2‐rhodium migration on the aryl ring. The use of a bulky phosphine ligand seems to be the key to this unusual aryl‐to‐aryl 1,2‐rhodium shift.
Crystalline‐Phase‐Recognition‐Induced Domino Phase Transition and Luminescence Switching for Advanced Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Zhizhuan , Lin Yangpeng , Jin Jiance , Gong Liaokuo , Peng Yingchen , Song Ying , Shen Nannan , Wang Zeping , Du Kezhao , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, a new mechanism, namely, crystalline phase recognition (CPR), is proposed for the single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transition of metal halides. Chiral β‐[Bmmim]2SbCl5 (Bmmim=1‐butyl‐2,3‐methylimidazolium) can recognize achiral α‐[Bmmim]2SbCl5 on the basis of a key–lock feature through intercontact of their single crystals, resulting in a domino phase transition (DPT). The concomitant photoluminescence (PL) switching enables observation of the DPT in situ. The liquid eutectic interface, stress–strain transfer, and feasible thermodynamics are key issues for the CPR. DFT calculations and PL measurements revealed that the optical absorption and emission of the isomers mainly originate from [SbCl5]2− anions. The structural effects (e.g., supramolecular interactions and [SbCl5]2− distortion) on the optical emission are clarified. As a novel type of stimuli response, the CPR‐induced DPT and luminescence switching exhibit potential for application in advanced time‐resolved information encryption.
Cation‐Exchange‐Induced Metal and Alloy Dual‐Exsolution in Perovskite Ferrite Oxides Boosting the Performance of Li‐O2 Battery
Authors: Cong Yingge , Geng Zhibin , Zhu Qian , Hou Hongwei , Wu Xiaofeng , Wang Xiyang , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA temperature‐controlled cation‐exchange approach is introduced to achieve a unique dual‐exsolution in perovskite La0.8Fe0.9Co0.1O3−δ where both CoFe alloy and Co metal are simultaneously exsolved from the parent perovskite, forming an alloy and metal co‐decorated perovskite oxide. Mossbauer spectra show that cation exchange of Fe atoms in CoFe alloy and Co cations in the perovskite is the key to the co‐existence of Co metal and CoFe alloy. The obtained composite exhibits an enhanced catalytic activity as Li‐O2 battery cathode catalysts with a specific discharge capacity of 6549.7 mAh g−1 and a cycling performance of 215 cycles without noticeable degradation. Calculations show that the combination of decorated CoFe alloy and Co metal synergistically modulated the discharge reaction pathway that improves the performance of Li‐O2 battery.
Direct Photoexcitation of Ethynylbenziodoxolones: An Alternative to Photocatalysis for Alkynylation Reactions**
Authors: Amos Stephanie G. E. , Cavalli Diana , Le Vaillant Franck , Waser Jerome 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEthynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) are commonly used as radical traps in photocatalytic alkynylations. Herein, we report that aryl‐substituted EBX reagents can be directly activated by visible light irradiation. They act as both oxidants and radical traps, alleviating the need for a photocatalyst in several reported EBX‐mediated processes, including decarboxylative and deboronative alkynylations, the oxyalkynylation of enamides and the C−H alkynylation of THF. Furthermore, the method could be applied to the synthesis of alkynylated quaternary centers from tertiary alcohols via stable oxalate salts and from tertiary amines via aryl imines. A photocatalytic process using 4CzIPN as an organic dye was also developed for the deoxyalkynylation of oxalates.
Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Kang Kyung‐Seok , Phan Anthony , Olikagu Chisom , Lee Taeheon , Loy Douglas A. , Kwon Minho , Paik Hyun‐jong , Hong Seung Jae , Bang Joona , Parker Wallace O. , Sciarra Monia , de Angelis Alberto R. , Pyun Jeffrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe production of elemental sulfur from petroleum refining has created a technological opportunity to increase the valorization of elemental sulfur by the creation of high‐performance sulfur based plastics with improved thermomechanical properties, elasticity and flame retardancy. We report on a synthetic polymerization methodology to prepare the first example of sulfur based segmented multi‐block polyurethanes (SPUs) and thermoplastic elastomers that incorporate an appreciable amount of sulfur into the final target material. This approach applied both the inverse vulcanization of S8 with olefinic alcohols and dynamic covalent polymerizations with dienes to prepare sulfur polyols and terpolyols that were used in polymerizations with aromatic diisocyanates and short chain diols. Using these methods, a new class of high molecular weight, soluble block copolymer polyurethanes were prepared as confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and microscopic imaging. These sulfur‐based polyurethanes were readily solution processed into large area free standing films where both the tensile strength and elasticity of these materials were controlled by variation of the sulfur polyol composition. SPUs with both high tensile strength (13–24 MPa) and ductility (348 % strain at break) were prepared, along with SPU thermoplastic elastomers (578 % strain at break) which are comparable values to classical thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). The incorporation of sulfur into these polyurethanes enhanced flame retardancy in comparison to classical TPUs, which points to the opportunity to impart new properties to polymeric materials as a consequence of using elemental sulfur.