bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animals, Energy, Land
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the central themes, and outlines the central argument, of the book. Three dominant environmental threats are identified: climate change, mass extinction, and pestilence. The warming of the planet is accelerating. At the same time, species are becoming extinct at a startling rate. Newly emerging infectious diseases—COVID-19 being the latest off the production line—are becoming more pronounced and problematic. It is argued that our habit of eating animals—and the massive reallocation of biomass that it involves—lies at the heart of all of all three problems, and if we abandon this habit, we can make substantial progress in tackling them. This proposal should be taken seriously on the grounds that it is easier to implement, more effective once implemented, and ultimately more palatable than other options.
Reframing Human Rights in a Turbulent Era
Authors: de Búrca Gráinne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In a turbulent era, with illiberal nationalism on the rise and international laws and institutions under persistent threat, this book asks what future the international human rights system has. It rejects the claims of those who view human rights law and advocacy as ineffective or worse in challenging injustice. Instead, it presents an experimentalist account of human rights which emphasizes the ongoing engagement between domestic activists and international and domestic institutions and actors in promoting rights-based change. Rather than the monolithic movement depicted in some academic critiques, it discerns a rich and diverse human rights movement which has helped significantly to challenge injustice and advance progressive change in many contexts. Drawing on case studies of gender justice, disability rights, children’s rights and reproductive justice from Pakistan, Argentina and Ireland, the book argues that the human rights movement has made an important difference around the world. It shows that despite daunting contemporary challenges including illiberalism, climate change, inequalities, pandemics and digitalization, human rights advocates and activists are engaged in critical self-reflection, renewal and reform that should enable the human rights movement to engage effectively with these challenges in the future. Indeed, the formidable challenges of our current turbulent era provide powerful reasons to reform, innovate, and strengthen the tools and practices of the human rights movement for the future, rather than abandon it, encourage others to do so, or herald its demise.
A regulatory network driving shoot lignification in rapidly growing bamboo
Authors: Yang Kebin , Li Lichao , Lou Yongfeng , Zhu Chenglei , Li Xueping , Gao Zhimin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Woody bamboo is environmentally friendly, abundant, and an alternative to conventional timber. Degree of lignification and lignin content and deposition affect timber properties. However, the lignification regulatory network in monocots is poorly understood. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of lignification in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), we conducted integrated analyses using transcriptome, small RNA, and degradome sequencing followed by experimental verification. The lignification degree and lignin content increased with increased bamboo shoot height, whereas phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and Laccase activities first increased and then decreased with shoot growth. Moreover, we identified 11,504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different portions of the 13th internodes of different height shoots; most DEGs associated with cell wall and lignin biosynthesis were upregulated, whereas some DEGs related to cell growth were downregulated. We identified a total of 1,502 miRNAs, of which 687 were differentially expressed. Additionally, in silico and degradome analyses indicated that 5,756 genes were targeted by 691 miRNAs. We constructed a regulatory network of lignification, including 11 miRNAs, 22 transcription factors, and 36 enzyme genes, in moso bamboo. Furthermore, PeLAC20 overexpression increased lignin content in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Finally, we proposed a reliable miRNA-mediated “MYB-PeLAC20” module for lignin monomer polymerization. Our findings provide definite insights into the genetic regulation of bamboo lignification. In addition to providing a platform for understanding related mechanisms in other monocots, these insights could be used to develop strategies to improve bamboo timber properties.
Effects of Acupuncture on Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Replacement: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ko Hsing Fang , Chen Ching-Hsiu , Dong Kai-Ren , Wu Hsien-Chang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To identify the analgesic effectiveness of acupuncture after total knee replacement by systematic review.

Methods
A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in five English medical electronic databases and five Chinese databases. Two reviewers independently searched in five English medical electronic databases and five Chinese databases. Two reviewers independently retrieved related studies, assessed the methodological quality, and extracted data with a standardized data form. Meta-analyses were performed with all-time-points meta-analysis.

Results
A total of seven studies with 891 participants were included. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture had a statistically significant influence on pain relief (standardized mean difference = −0.705, 95% CI −1.027 to −0.382, P = 0.000). The subgroup analysis results showed that acupuncture’s effects on analgesia had a statistically significant influence (standardized mean difference= −0.567, 95% CI −0.865 to −0.269, P = 0.000). The main acupuncture points that produced an analgesic effect when they were used after total knee replacement included the Xuehai, Liangqiu, Dubi, Neixiyan, Yanglingquan, and Zusanli points. Electroacupuncture frequency ranged between 2 and 100 Hz.

Conclusions
As an adjunct modality, the use of acupuncture is associated with reduced pain and use of analgesic medications in postoperative patients. In particular, ear acupuncture 1 day before surgery could reduce analgesia .
Movement System Diagnoses for Balance Dysfunction: Recommendations From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy’s Movement System Task Force
Authors: Gill-Body Kathleen M , Hedman Lois D , Plummer Laura , Wolf Leslie , Hanke Timothy , Quinn Lori , Riley Nora , Kaufman Regina , Verma Akanshka , Quiben Myla , Scheets Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract The movement system was identified as the focus of our expertise as physical therapists in the revised vision statement for the profession adopted by the American Physical Therapy Association in 2013. Attaining success with the profession’s vision requires the development of movement system diagnoses that will be useful in clinical practice, research, and education. To date, only a few movement system diagnoses have been identified and described, and none of these specifically address balance dysfunction. Over the past 2 years, a Balance Diagnosis Task Force, a subgroup of the Movement System Task Force of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy, focused on developing diagnostic labels (or diagnoses) for individuals with balance problems. This paper presents the work of the task force that followed a systematic process to review available diagnostic frameworks related to balance, identify 10 distinct movement system diagnoses that reflect balance dysfunction, and develop complete descriptions of examination findings associated with each balance diagnosis. A standardized approach to movement analysis of core tasks, the Framework for Movement Analysis developed by the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy Movement Analysis Task Force, was integrated into the examination and diagnostic processes. The aims of this perspective paper are to (1) summarize the process followed by the Balance Diagnosis Task Force to develop an initial set of movement system (balance) diagnoses; (2) report the recommended diagnostic labels and associated descriptions; (3) demonstrate the clinical decision-making process used to determine a balance diagnosis and develop a plan of care; and (4) identify next steps to validate and implement the diagnoses into physical therapist practice, education, and research.ImpactThe development and use of diagnostic labels to classify distinct movement system problems is needed in physical therapy. The 10 balance diagnosis proposed can aid in clinical decision making regarding intervention.
Correlation between pain severity and levels of anxiety and depression in osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fonseca-Rodrigues Diana , Rodrigues André , Martins Teresa , Pinto Joana , Amorim Diana , Almeida Armando , Pinto-Ribeiro Filipa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease that causes articular damage and chronic pain, with a prevalence of up to 50% in individuals &gt;60 years of age. Patients suffering from chronic painful conditions, including OA, also frequently report anxiety or depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the correlation between pain severity and depressive and anxious symptomatology in OA patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using four databases (PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception up to 14 January 2020. We included original articles evaluating pain severity and anxiety and/or depression severity in OA-diagnosed patients. Detailed data were extracted from each study, including patients’ characteristics and pain, anxiety, and depression severity. When available, the Pearson correlation coefficient between pain and depression severity and pain and anxiety severity was collected, and a meta-analysis of random effects was applied.ResultsThis systematic review included 121 studies, with a total of 38 085 participants. The mean age was 64.3 years old, and the subjects were predominantly female (63%). The most-used scale to evaluate pain severity was the Western Ontario and the McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, while for anxiety and depression, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was the most used. The meta-analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between pain severity and both anxious (r = 0.31, P &lt;0.001) and depressive symptomatology (r = 0.36, P &lt;0.001).ConclusionOur results demonstrate a significant correlation between pain and depression/anxiety severity in OA patients, highlighting the need for its routine evaluation by clinicians.
Male Wolffian adnexal tumor: the first report of long-term follow-up after radical surgical treatment
Authors: Milonas Daimantas , Steenkiste Edwin , De Vos Rita , Moerman Philippe , Lerut Evelin , Joniau Steven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The male Wolffian tumor is an extremely rare case in male patients. Here, we report a patient with such malignancy and successful radical surgical treatment at 15-year follow-up. The clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features are described. The differential diagnosis of this tumor in a male patient is discussed.
Intradermal Band-like Lipomatous Metaplasia Can Be Associated With the Regression of Overlying Skin Neoplasms: A Clinicopathologic Study of 20 Cases
Authors: Takai Toshihiro , Murata Yozo , Goto Keisuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Lipomatous metaplasia has been rarely reported in both neoplastic and inflammatory dermatological disorders. Most neoplastic cases show the lipomatous change within the tumor silhouette, but band-like lipomatous metaplasia in the dermis under tumors has not been well-described. The aim of this study was to reveal the characteristics and relationship of intradermal band-like lipomatous metaplasia and coexisting skin tumors. A total of 20 cases with intradermal band-like lipomatous metaplasia were retrieved from 10,992 archive cases between April 1997 and March 2020 at Hyogo Cancer Center, and subjected to a detailed clinicopathologic analysis. Nine (45%) patients had superficial variant basal cell carcinoma as a coexisting neoplasm. Eight (40%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 5 of which were in situ. The remaining 3 (15%) cases were invasive extramammary Paget disease. All 20 cases showed at least one of 3 signs of tumor regression, namely, partial loss of overlying neoplasia, significant inflammatory infiltrate under the tumor, and fibrosis around the tumor. We concluded that intradermal band-like lipomatous metaplasia could be seen in association with the regressing process of cutaneous superficially-spreading neoplasms.
Sporadic and Periodic Interictal Discharges in Critically Ill Children: Seizure Associations and Time to Seizure Identification
Authors: Sansevere Arnold J. , DiBacco Melissa L. , Zhang Bo , Akhondi-Asl Alireza , Libenson Mark H. , Tasker Robert C. , Pearl Phillip L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
We evaluated interictal discharges (IEDs) as a biomarker for the time to development of electrographic seizures (ES).

Methods:
Prospective observational study of 254 critically ill children who underwent continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. We excluded neonates and patients with known epilepsy or the sole cEEG indication to characterize events. Interictal discharges included sporadic epileptiform discharges and periodic and rhythmic patterns. Sporadic epileptiform discharges were categorized as low frequency (rare [<1/hour] and occasional [≥1/hour but <1/minute]) and high frequency (frequent, [≥1/minute] and abundant [≥1/10 seconds]). Time variables included time from cEEG start to first IED and time between first IED and ES.

Results:
Interictal discharges were present in 33% (83/254) of patients. We identified ES in 20% (50/254), and 86% (43/50) had IEDs. High-frequency sporadic epileptiform discharges (odds ratio [OR], 35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5–88; P < 0.0001) and lateralized periodic discharges (OR, 27; 95% CI, 7.3–100; P < 0.0001) were associated with ES. Mildly abnormal EEG background without IEDs or background asymmetry was associated with the absence of seizures (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.04–0.3; P < 0.0001). Time from cEEG start to first IED was 36 minutes (interquartile range, 3–131 minutes), and time between first IED and ES was 9.6 minutes (interquartile range, 0.6–165 minutes).

Conclusions:
Interictal discharges are associated with ES and are identified in the first 3 hours of cEEG. High-frequency sporadic epileptiform discharges and periodic patterns have the highest risk of ES. Our findings define a window of high seizure risk after the identification of IEDs in which to allocate resources to improve seizure identification and subsequent treatment.
A Multi-center, Prospective, Observational-cohort controlled study of Clinical Outcomes following COVID-19 Convalescent plasma therapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chauhan Lakshmi , Pattee Jack , Ford Joshay , Thomas Chris , Lesteberg Kelsey , Richards Eric , Loi Michele , Dumont Larry , Annen Kyle , Berg Mary , Zirbes Mercedes , Miller Amanda , Jenkins Timothy C. , Bennett Tellen D. , Monkowski Daniel , Boxer Rebecca S. , Beckham J. David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV2 pandemic has caused high inpatient mortality and morbidity throughout the world. COVID19 convalescent plasma has been utilized as a potential therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID19 pneumonia. This study evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized COVID19 patients treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma in a prospective, observational multicenter trial.MethodsFrom April 2020 through August 2020, hospitalized COVID19 patients at 16 participating hospitals in Colorado were enrolled and treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma (CCP) and compared to hospitalized patients with COVID19 who were not treated with convalescent plasma. Plasma antibody levels were determined following the trial given that antibody tests were not approved at the initiation of the trial. CCP-treated and untreated COVID19 hospitalized patients were matched using propensity scores followed by analysis for length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality.Results542 total hospitalized COVID19 patients were enrolled at 16 hospitals across the region. A total of 468 hospitalized COVID19 patients were entered into propensity score matching with 188 patients matched for analysis in the CCP-treatment and control arms. Fine-Gray models revealed increased length of hospital stay in CCP-treated patients and no change in inpatient mortality compared to controls. In subgroup analysis of CCP-treated patients within 7 days of admission, there was no difference in length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality.ConclusionsThese data show that treatment of hospitalized COVID19 patients with CCP did not significantly improve patient hospitalization length of stay or inpatient mortality.
What can we learn from COVID-19 data by using epidemic models with unidentified infectious cases?
Authors: Griette Quentin , Demongeot Jacques , Magal Pierre 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic, which started in late December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, was accompanied by an unprecedented release of reported case data. Our objective is to propose a fresh look at this data by coupling a phenomenological description to the epidemiological dynamics.MethodsWe use a phenomenological model to describe and regularize the data. This model can be matched by a single mathematical model reproducing the epidemiological dynamics with a time-dependent transmission rate. We provide a method to compute this transmission rate and reconstruct the changes in the social interactions between people as well as changes in host-pathogen interactions. This method is applied to the cumulative case data of 8 different geographic areas.FindingsWe reconstruct the transmission rate from the data, therefore we are in position to understand the contribution of the dynamical effects of social interactions (contacts between individuals) and the contribution of the dynamics of the epidemic. We deduce from the comparison of several instantaneous reproduction numbers that the social effects are the most important in the dynamic of COVID-19. We obtain an instantaneous reproduction number that stays below 3.5 from early beginning of the epidemic.ConclusionThe instantaneous reproduction number staying below 3.5 implies that it is sufficient to vaccinate 71% of the population in each state or country considered in our study. Therefore assuming the vaccines will remain efficient against the new variants, and to be more confident it is sufficient to vaccinate 75 − 80% to get rid of COVID-19 in each state or country.FundingThis research was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche in France (Project name: MPCUII (PM) and (QG))
Time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis of infant EEG data
Authors: Ashton Kira , Zinszer Benjamin D. , Cichy Radoslaw M. , Nelson Charles A. , Aslin Richard N. , Bayet Laurie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTime-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), a popular technique for analyzing magneto- and electro-encephalography (M/EEG) neuroimaging data, quantifies the extent and time-course by which neural representations support the discrimination of relevant stimuli dimensions. As EEG is widely used for infant neuroimaging, time-resolved MVPA of infant EEG data is a particularly promising tool for infant cognitive neuroscience. MVPA methods have recently been applied to common infant imaging methods such as EEG and fNIRS. In this tutorial, we provide and describe code to implement time-resolved, within-subject MVPA with infant EEG data. A pipeline for time-resolved MVPA based on linear SVM classification is described and implemented with accompanying code in both Matlab and Python. Results from a test dataset indicated that in both infants and adults this method reliably produced above chance classification accuracy. Extensions of the core pipeline are presented including both geometric- and accuracy-based representational similarity analysis, implemented in Python. Common choices of implementation are presented and discussed. As the amount of artifact-free EEG data contributed by each participant is lower in studies of infants than in studies of children and adults, we also explore and discuss the impact of varying participant-level inclusion thresholds on resulting MVPA findings in these datasets.
Unconventional conservation reveals structure-function relationships in the synaptonemal complex
Authors: Kursel Lisa E. , Cope Henry D. , Rog Ofer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFunctional requirements constrain protein evolution, commonly manifesting in conserved primary amino acid sequence. Here, we extend this idea to secondary structural features by tracking their conservation in essential meiotic proteins with highly diverged sequences. The synaptonemal complex (SC) aligns parental chromosome pairs and regulates exchanges between them. In electron micrographs of meiocytes from all eukaryotic clades, the SC appears as a ~100 nm-wide ladder-like structure with regular striations. Despite the conserved ultrastructure and functions, the proteins that make up the SC are highly divergent in sequence. Here we found that, within the Caenorhabditis genus, SC proteins are significantly more diverged than other proteins. However, SC proteins have highly conserved protein length and coiled-coil domain structure. The same unconventional conservation signature holds true for SC proteins in Drosophila and mammals, suggesting it could be a universal feature of SC proteins. We used this evolutionary signature to identify a novel SC protein in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, Ppa-SYP-1, which has no significant homology to any protein outside of Pristionchus. Our work suggests that the length and relative arrangement of coiled-coils play a key role in the structure and function of the SC. Furthermore, our analysis implies that expanding sequence analysis beyond measures of per-site identity or similarity can enhance our understanding of protein evolution and function.Short abstractFunctional requirements constrain protein evolution, commonly manifesting in a conserved amino acid sequence. Here, we extend this idea to secondary structural features by tracking their conservation in essential meiotic proteins with highly diverged sequences. The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a ~100 nm-wide ladder-like meiotic structure present in all eukaryotic clades, where it aligns parental chromosomes and regulates exchanges between them. Despite the conserved ultrastructure and functions of the SC, SC proteins are highly divergent within Caenorhabditis. However, SC proteins have highly conserved length and coiled-coil domain structure. We found the same unconventional conservation signature in Drosophila and mammals, and used it to identify a novel SC protein in Pristionchus pacificus, Ppa-SYP-1. Our work suggests that coiled-coils play wide-ranging roles in the structure and function of the SC, and more broadly, that expanding sequence analysis beyond measures of per-site similarity can enhance our understanding of protein evolution and function.