bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of autoimmune diseases with cardiomyopathy: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden
Authors: Li Xinjun , Sundquist Jan , Nymberg Veronica , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Certain autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as Crohn’s disease and celiac diseases, have been linked to acute cardiovascular disorders. We examined whether there is an association between 43 different ADs and risk of subsequent hospitalization and mortality of cardiomyopathy in a nationwide follow-up study in Sweden.

Methods and results
All individuals in Sweden hospitalized with a main diagnosis of an AD (n = 955 410) without previous or coexisting cardiomyopathy, between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2018, were followed for hospitalization or mortality of cardiomyopathy. The reference population was the total population of Sweden. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cardiomyopathy were calculated. Overall risk of cardiomyopathy during the first year after hospitalization for an AD was 3.63 [99% confidence interval (CI) 3.29–4.00]. A total of 21 of the 43 ADs studied were associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy during the first year after hospitalization. The overall risk of cardiomyopathy decreased over time, from 1.18 (99% CI 1.12–1.25) after 1+ year to 1.07 (99% CI 0.96–1.19) after 5+ years. Females generally had higher SIRs than males. The ADs for which the SIRs of cardiomyopathy were highest after 1 year of hospitalization included Crohn’s disease (1.92), rheumatoid arthritis (1.57), sarcoidosis (1.48), and psoriasis (1.31).

Conclusion
Most ADs are associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy, particularly in the first year after hospital admission. Our findings show that many hospitalized ADs are tightly linked to cardiomyopathy but the mechanisms need to be further evaluated.
The Stanford experience of heart transplantation over five decades
Authors: Zhu Yuanjia , Lingala Bharathi , Baiocchi Michael , Toro Arana Veronica , Williams Kiah M , Shudo Yasuhiro , Oyer Philip E , Woo Y Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Since 1968, heart transplantation has become the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. We aimed to summarize our experience in heart transplantation at Stanford University since the first transplantation performed over 50 years ago.

Methods and results
From 6 January 1968 to 30 November 2020, 2671 patients presented to Stanford University for heart transplantation, of which 1958 were adult heart transplantations. Descriptive analyses were performed for patients in 1968–95 (n = 639). Stabilized inverse probability weighting was applied to compare patients in 1996–2006 (n = 356) vs. 2007–19 (n = 515). Follow-up data were updated through 2020. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Prior to weighting, recipients in 2007–19 vs. those in 1996–2006 were older and had heavier burden of chronic diseases. After the application of stabilized inverse probability weighting, the distance organ travelled increased from 84.2 ± 111.1 miles to 159.3 ± 169.9 miles from 1996–2006 to 2007–19. Total allograft ischaemia time also increased over time (199.6 ± 52.7 vs. 225.3 ± 50.0 min). Patients in 2007–19 showed superior survival than those in 1996–2006 with a median survival of 12.1 vs. 11.1 years.

Conclusion
In this half-century retrospective descriptive study from one of the largest heart transplant programmes in the USA, long-term survival after heart transplantation has improved over time despite increased recipient and donor age, worsening comorbidities, increased technical complexity, and prolonged total allograft ischaemia time. Further investigation is warranted to delineate factors associated with the excellent outcomes observed in this study.
LDL cholesterol levels and in-hospital bleeding in patients on high-intensity antithrombotic therapy: findings from the CCC-ACS project
Authors: Yang Qing , Sun Dongdong , Pei Chongzhe , Zeng Yuhong , Wang Zhuoqun , Li Ziping , Hao Yongchen , Song Xiwen , Li Yongle , Liu Gang , Tang Yida , Smith Sidney C , Han Yaling , Huo Yong , Ge Junbo , Ma Changsheng , Fonarow Gregg C , Morgan Louise , Liu Jing , Liu Jun , Zhou Mengge , Zhao Dong , Zhou Yujie , Zhou Xin ,   the CCC-ACS Investigators
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims Emerging evidence has linked cholesterol metabolism with platelet responsiveness. We sought to examine the dose–response relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and major in-hospital bleeds in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.Methods and results Among 42 378 ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) enrolled in 240 hospitals in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS project from 2014 to 2019, a total of 615 major bleeds, 218 ischaemic events, and 337 deaths were recorded. After controlling for baseline variables, a non-linear relationship was observed for major bleeds, with the higher risk at lower LDL-C levels. No dose–response relationship was identified for ischaemic events and mortality. A threshold value of LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk for major bleeds (adjusted odds ratio: 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.84) in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and in propensity score-matched cohorts. The results were consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. Among ticagrelor-treated patients, the LDL-C threshold for increased bleeding risk was observed at &lt;88 mg/dL, whereas for clopidogrel-treated patients, the threshold was &lt;54 mg/dL. Across a full spectrum of LDL-C levels, the treatment effect size associated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel on major bleeds favoured clopidogrel at lower LDL-C levels, but no difference at higher LDL-C levels.Conclusions In a nationwide ACS registry, a non-linear association was identified between LDL-C levels and major in-hospital bleeds following PCI, with the higher risk at lower levels. As the potential for confounding may exist, further studies are warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02306616
Water saturation variation in a fire-heated limestone gallery monitored by ERT
Authors: Verdet Cécile , Salmon Fabien , Sirieix Colette , Lacanette Delphine 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
Water migration within the rock mass during a fire has not yet been studied. Here, an innovative high-resolution micro-ERT method is developed at a centimetric scale to measure this phenomenon. The method is two-step based: first, a correction of the electrode effect, and second, the correction of resistivity for rapid variations in temperature with high values. Water migration is successfully described within the wall of an underground limestone quarry with three phases: from fire ignition to 36 min, the surface dries to a 3-cm depth and a higher saturated layer forms deeper than 0.10 m; from 36 min to 46 min (fire supply stops), the rock dries out and water migrates from deeper parts of the rock wall, deeper than 20 cm, towards the surface; finally, after fire extinction, the water migrates through a readjustment phase until it returns to its initial state.
Genome-wide association study of body fat distribution traits in Hispanics/Latinos from the HCHS/SOL
Authors: Justice Anne E , Young Kristin , Gogarten Stephanie M , Sofer Tamar , Graff Misa , Love Shelly Ann M , Wang Yujie , Klimentidis Yann C , Cruz Miguel , Guo Xiuqing , Hartwig Fernando , Petty Lauren , Yao Jie , Allison Matthew A , Below Jennifer E , Buchanan Thomas A , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Goodarzi Mark O , Hanis Craig , Highland Heather M , Hsueh Willa A , Ipp Eli , Parra Esteban , Palmas Walter , Raffel Leslie J , Rotter Jerome I , Tan Jingyi , Taylor Kent D , Valladares Adan , Xiang Anny H , Sánchez-Johnsen Lisa , Isasi Carmen R , North Kari E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Central obesity is a leading health concern with a great burden carried by ethnic minority populations, especially Hispanics/Latinos. Genetic factors contribute to the obesity burden overall and to inter-population differences. We aimed to identify the loci associated with central adiposity measured as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HIP) adjusted for body mass index (adjBMI) by using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL); determine if differences in associations differ by background group within HCHS/SOL and determine whether previously reported associations generalize to HCHS/SOL. Our analyses included 7472 women and 5200 men of mainland (Mexican, Central and South American) and Caribbean (Puerto Rican, Cuban and Dominican) background residing in the USA. We performed genome-wide association analyses stratified and combined across sexes using linear mixed-model regression. We identified 16 variants for waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI), 22 for waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (WCadjBMI) and 28 for hip circumference adjusted for body mass index (HIPadjBMI), which reached suggestive significance (P &lt; 1 × 10−6). Many loci exhibited differences in strength of associations by ethnic background and sex. We brought a total of 66 variants forward for validation in cohorts (N = 34 161) with participants of Hispanic/Latino, African and European descent. We confirmed four novel loci (P &lt; 0.05 and consistent direction of effect, and P &lt; 5 × 10−8 after meta-analysis), including two for WHRadjBMI (rs13301996, rs79478137); one for WCadjBMI (rs3168072) and one for HIPadjBMI (rs28692724). Also, we generalized previously reported associations to HCHS/SOL, (8 for WHRadjBMI, 10 for WCadjBMI and 12 for HIPadjBMI). Our study highlights the importance of large-scale genomic studies in ancestrally diverse Hispanic/Latino populations for identifying and characterizing central obesity susceptibility that may be ancestry-specific.
Three Dose Levels of a Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate Are Well Tolerated and Immunogenic in a Randomized Trial in Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Schwarz Tino F , Johnson Casey , Grigat Christine , Apter Dan , Csonka Peter , Lindblad Niklas , Nguyen Thi Lien-Anh , Gao Feng F , Qian Hui , Tullio Antonella N , Dieussaert Ilse , Picciolato Marta , Henry Ouzama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract infections, which may require hospitalization especially in early infancy. Transplacental transfer of RSV antibodies could confer protection to infants in their first months of life.

Methods
In this first-in-human, placebo-controlled study, 502 healthy nonpregnant women were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a single dose of unadjuvanted vaccine containing 30/60/120 µg of RSV fusion (F) protein stabilized in the prefusion conformation (RSVPreF3) or placebo.

Results
Solicited local adverse events (AEs) were more frequently reported in the RSVPreF3 groups (4%–53.2%) versus placebo (0%–15.9%); most were mild/moderate. Unsolicited AEs were comparably reported among groups. Three serious AEs were reported; none was vaccination-related. Compared with prevaccination values, anti-RSV A neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers and anti-RSVPreF3 immunoglobulin G geometric mean concentrations increased 8- to 14-fold and 12- to 21-fold at day 8 and persisted 5- to 6-fold and 6- to 8-fold higher until day 91 in the RSVPreF3 groups versus 1-fold in placebo. Comparisons at day 8 and day 31 showed that the higher dose levels were significantly more immunogenic than the lowest one.

Conclusions
The RSVPreF3 vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic. The 60 and 120 µg dose levels were selected for further investigation in pregnant women.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03674177.
Hospitalization Rates and Direct Medical Costs for Fever in a Pediatric Cohort in South India
Authors: Srinivasan Manikandan , Sindhu Kulandaipalayam Natarajan , Nag Atrayee , Karthikeyan Arun S , Ramasamy Ranjith Kumar , Murugesan Malathi , Kumar Dilesh , Ganesan Santhosh Kumar , Rose Winsley , Kang Gagandeep , John Jacob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary data on causes and costs of hospitalization are necessary for costing and cost-effectiveness analysis. Data on incidence and causes of hospitalization and consequent expenses among Indian children are limited.MethodsA cohort of 6000 children aged 0.5–15 years residing in urban Vellore was followed for 3 years, under the Vellore Typhoid Study, 2016–2017, and later under the Surveillance for Enteric Fever project, 2017–2019. Data on hospitalization events and associated antibiotic use, and direct medical costs for fever-related hospitalization of study children were obtained from caregivers through weekly follow-up by study field workers.ResultsThe incidence of hospitalization was 33 per 1000 child-years of observation. Children aged 0.5–5 years had the highest incidence of hospitalization. The top 5 infectious causes for hospitalization were acute undifferentiated fevers, respiratory tract infections, acute gastroenteritis, enteric fever, and dengue. The overall median cost of hospitalization for fever was 4243 (interquartile range, 2502–7215) Indian rupees (INR). An episode of dengue had a median cost of 5627 INR, followed by acute undifferentiated fevers and enteric fever with median costs of 3860 and 3507 INR, respectively.ConclusionsHospitalization for fever is common in young children and impacts household finances in low-income Indian households.
Immunotyping Provides Equivalent Results to Immunofixation in a Population with a High Prevalence of Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Thoren Katie L , McCash Samuel I , Murata Kazunori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Serum immunofixation (IF) is a common laboratory test used to diagnose and monitor patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Similarly, immunotyping (IT) by capillary electrophoresis can confirm the presence of a monoclonal protein (M-protein) and determine its isotype. The goal of this study was to compare the ability of IT and IF to detect M-proteins.

Methods
IT and IF results for 1000 waste clinical serum samples were obtained. All results were interpreted blindly by reviewers who were experienced in each technique. Results were compared by band. Results were also compared to patient history to determine if the original clone was present. We determined the sensitivity of IT and IF alone and in combination with additional tests. Finally, we evaluated the impact of reviewer training on the sensitivity of IT.

Results
IT and IF were concordant in 721/773 (93%) samples with a history of an intact M-protein and in 143/172 (83%) samples with a history of a free light chain (FLC) M-protein. IF was significantly more sensitive than IT for the detection of FLC M-proteins (P &lt; 0.0001). However, IF was not more sensitive than IT for detection of intact M-proteins (P = 0.1272) or when each test was combined with the FLC ratio or urine immunofixation (P = 0.2812 and P = 0.6171, respectively). Finally, after training, inexperienced reviewers improved their IT sensitivity by 19%.

Conclusion
IT provides equivalent results to IF for the detection of monoclonal proteins. Training and experience are critical to the accurate interpretation of IT.
Rapid and Safe Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus RNA Using Onsite Quantitative PCR Diagnostic Testing From Clinical Specimens Collected in Molecular Transport Medium
Authors: Daum Luke T , Fischer Gerald W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The ability to rapidly detect severe accurate respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus infection is vital for patient care due to overlap in clinical symptoms. Roche’s cobas® Liat® SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B Nucleic Acid Test used on the cobas Liat was granted approval under the Food and Drug’s Emergency Use Authorization for nasopharyngeal (NP) and nasal swabs collected in viral/universal transport medium (VTM/UTM). However, there is a critical need for media that inactivates the virus, especially when specimens are collected in decentralized settings. This study aimed to investigate the use of PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium® (PS-MTM®), designed to inactivate/kill and stabilize RNA/DNA for ambient transport and preprocessing of collected samples.

Methods
A limit of detection (LOD) using serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 RNA in PS-MTM and routine UTM was established using standard quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, a clinical panel of NP and oral swabs collected in PS-MTM during the 2020 coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were evaluated on the cobas Liat and compared to “gold standard” qPCR on an ABI-7500 instrument.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 RNA LOD using standard qPCR was equivalent on the cobas Liat instrument. cobas Liat detection from oral/NP swabs in PS-MTM media exhibited equivalent positive percent agreement (100%) and negative percent agreement (96.4%).

Conclusion
PS-MTM and the Roche cobas Liat are compatible and complimentary devices for respiratory specimen collection and rapid disease detection, respectively. PS-MTM is equivalent to standard VTM/UTM with the added benefit of safe, noninfectious sample processing for near-patient testing.
Operationalizing and analyzing 2-step gender identity questions: Methodological and ethical considerations
Authors: Kidd Kacie M , Sequeira Gina M , Rothenberger Scott D , Paglisotti Taylor , Kristjansson Alfgeir , Schweiberger Kelsey , Miller Elizabeth , Coulter Robert W S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Two-step questions to assess gender identity are recommended for optimizing care delivery for gender-diverse individuals. As gender identity fields are increasingly integrated into electronic health records, guidance is needed on how to analyze these data. The goal of this study was to assess potential approaches for analyzing 2-step gender identity questions and the impact of each on suicidal ideation.

Materials and Methods
A regional Youth Risk Behavior Survey in one Northeastern school district used a 2-step question to assess gender identity. Three gender measurement strategies (GMSs) were used to operationalize gender identity, (1) combining all gender-diverse youth (GDY) into one category, (2) grouping GDY based on sex assigned at birth, and (3) categorizing GDY based on binary and nonbinary identities. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to compare odds of suicidal ideation between gender identity categories for each GMS.

Results
Of the 3010 participants, 8.3% were GDY. Subcategories of GDY had significantly higher odds (odds ratio range, 1.6-2.9) of suicidal ideation than cisgender girls regardless of GMS, while every category of GDY had significantly higher odds (odds ratio range, 2.1-5.0) of suicidal ideation than cisgender boys.

Conclusions
The field of clinical informatics has an opportunity to incorporate inclusive items like the 2-step gender identity question into electronic health records to optimize care and strengthen clinical research. Analysis of the 2-step gender identity question impacts study results and interpretation. Attention to how data about GDY are captured will support for more nuanced, tailored analyses that better reflect unique experiences within this population.
Electronic Cigarette-Related Injuries Presenting to Five Large Burn Centers, 2015–2019
Authors: Flores Carmen E , Chestovich Paul J , Saquib Syed , Carroll Joseph , Al-Hamad Mariam , Foster Kevin N , Delapena Samantha , Richey Karen , Lallemand Michael , Dennis Bradley M , Palmieri Tina L , Romanowski Kathleen , Godat Laura , Lee Jeanne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are advertised as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes yet cause serious injury. U.S. burn centers have witnessed a rise in both inpatient and outpatient visits to treat thermal injuries related to their use. A multicenter retrospective chart review of American Burn Association burn registry data from five large burn centers was performed from January 2015 to July 2019 to identify patients with electronic cigarette-related injuries. A total of 127 patients were identified. Most sustained less than 10% total body surface area burns (mean 3.8%). Sixty-six percent sustained second-degree burns. Most patients (78%) were injured while using their device. Eighteen percent of patients reported spontaneous device combustion. Two patients were injured while changing their device battery, and two were injured modifying their device. Three percent were injured by secondhand mechanism. Burn injury was the most common injury pattern (100%), followed by blast injury (3.93%). Flame burns were the most common (70%) type of thermal injury; however, most patients sustained a combination-type injury secondary to multiple burn mechanisms. The most injured body region was the extremities. Silver sulfadiazine was the most common agent used in the initial management of thermal injuries. Sixty-three percent of patients did not require surgery. Of the 36% requiring surgery, 43.4% required skin grafting. Multiple surgeries were uncommon. Our data recognize electronic cigarette use as a public health problem with the potential to cause thermal injury and secondary trauma. Most patients are treated on an inpatient basis although most patients treated on an outpatient basis have good outcomes.
Comparison of Pollen Grain Treatments Without Mechanical Fracturation Prior to Protein Quantification
Authors: Westreich Lila R , Tobin Patrick C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein and amino acids in pollen are important nutritional components for larval development in several insect species, especially in Apoidea. The Bradford assay is a widely used method to measure relative protein content of pollen, which can shed light on pollen quality and consequences to fitness. Prior to using the Bradford assay, protein must be released from pollen grains, often using a mixture of chemical and mechanical fracturation methods. In this study, we tested the efficacy of protein extraction without using mechanical fracturation. We used pollen collected by the solitary bee Osmia lignaria Say to compare two known buffers associated with pollen protein analysis: phosphate-buffered saline and sodium hydroxide, and deionized water, and with different pollen weights from which we quantified protein using the Bradford assay. While all buffers and deionized water were useful in releasing protein from pollen grains collected by O. lignaria, the use of sodium hydroxide resulted in significantly higher protein quantification across all pollen weights. This methodological study can inform future studies of pollen nutrition in pollen-foraging species.
A recursion theoretic foundation of computation over real numbers
Authors: Ng Keng Meng , R Tavana Nazanin , Yang Yue 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We define a class of computable functions over real numbers using functional schemes similar to the class of primitive and partial recursive functions defined by Gödel (1931, 1934) and Kleene (1936, Math. Ann., 112, 727–742). We show that this class of functions can also be characterized by MS-machines, which are Turing machine-like devices. The proof of the characterization gives a normal form theorem in the style of Kleene (1936, Math. Ann., 112, 727–742). Furthermore, this characterization is a natural combination of two most influential theories of computation over real numbers, namely the type-two theory of effectivity (see, e.g. Weihrauch (2000, Springer)) and the Blum–Shub–Smale (1989, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 21, 1–46) model of computation. Under this notion of computability, the recursive (or computable) subsets of real numbers are exactly effective $\varDelta ^0_2$ sets.