bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis by Gluconacetobacter xylinus: Enhancement via Fed-batch Fermentation Strategies in Glycerol Media
Authors: Adnan Azila , Nair Giridhar , Lay Mark , Swan Janis 
Published: November 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an abundant polysaccharide, which is secreted by several genera of bacteria. It has remarkable characteristics, which include high purity, high tensile strength, high biocompatibility and non-toxic. The main feature that differentiates BC and plant cellulose (PC) is the absence of contaminants such as lignin, hemicellulose and pectin. However, the main drawbacks in producing BC are low yield and expensive carbon source. Due to that, this study was carried out to enhance BC volumetric productivity in fed-batch operation mode using glycerol as a carbon source. BC was produced in fill-and-draw and pulse-feed fed-batch cultures of Gluconacetobacter xylinus DSM 46604 in a 3-L bench-top bioreactor. The fed-batch fermentation trials were conducted in agitated and aerobic conditions at 30 ºC. For fill-and-draw fed-batch culture, a total of 24.2 g/L of BC accumulated in the bioreactor after 9 days, which corresponded to a yield and productivity of 0.2 g/g and 2.69 g/L/day, respectively. Pulse-feed fed-batch fermentation resulted in a yield and volumetric productivity of 0.38 g/g and 2.71 g/L/day, respectively. The pulse-feed fed-batch culture proved to be a better fermentation system for utilizing glycerol, which is a low-cost and abundant carbon source.
HIGHLIGHTS

Komagataeibacter species, which were formerly known as Acetobacter or Gluconacetobacter is one of the Gram-negative BC producers that secretes a large quantity of BC microfibrils extracellularly
One of the main challenges in bacterial cellulose (BC) production is low productivity and high processing cost
As fed-batch fermentation is one of the operation modes in bioprocess that can control the microbial growth rate, this operation mode is conducted to enhance the yield of BC, substrate consumption and also volumetric productivity
Fill-and-draw and pulse feed fed-batch culture were conducted to enhance yield and volumetric productivity. The pulse-feed fed-batch culture resulted to be a favorable operation mode for utilizing glycerol, which is a low-cost and abundant carbon source

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Antidiabetic and Anti-microbial Activity Analyses in The Extract of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst)
Authors: Rochaeni Henny , Irawan Candra , Hanafi Hanafi , Lestari Poppy Sri , Sulistiawaty Lilis , Putri Ima Lia Dwi 
Published: November 2021

The current research was designed to examine the antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities in the extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst) to find out the best solvent to produce antidiabetic and anti-microbial active compounds. In the phytochemical screening, hexane extracted alkaloids and terpenoids, while ethyl acetate extracted saponin and methanol extracted tannin, phenol and terpenoids. In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol compared to the Quercetin as the control group. The maximum percentage inhibition was 36.74 ± 0.07 for 100 µg/mL of concentration. The minimum value of IC50 was observed at 159.74 ± 0.65 µg/ml compared to the control group 6.04 ± 0.14 µg/ml. The smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antidiabetic activity. Anti-microbial inhibition activities assessed using anti-microbial diffusion test method. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard. The maximum fungi inhibition zone was observed at 4 mm for A. flavus and 9 mm for A. niger by Hexane extracts compared to the standard 14 and 24 mm. The maximum bacteria inhibition zone was observed at 7 mm for B. cereus by both of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts compared to the standard 5 mm. Compared to the anti-microbe inhibitory power categories, hexane and ethyl acetate was on the range of weak and moderate. The methanol extract could not inhibit all types of microbe. This study concluded that various extract of flesh of Matoa showed antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities at different value with varying potencies. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be more potent among all, followed by hexane and methanol.
HIGHLIGHTS

Phytochemical screening of Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata R. Forst. & G. Forst) produced alkaloids, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, phenol and terpenoids
In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol
The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Optimization of Power Density of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Electric Two-Wheeler
Authors: Patel Amit Narayanbhai 
Published: November 2021

The main objective of this work is to optimize the power density of axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc (PMBLDC) motor based on genetic algorithm (GA) technique for performance improvement of electric 2-wheeler. Power density is one of the important performance parameter of motor as it significantly influences overall performance of electric 2-wheeler. Firstly, the rating of electric motor is determined according to the application requirements and vehicular dynamics. Axial flux PMBLDC motor of 250 W, 150 rpm is designed to fit in to the rim of electric 2-wheeler based on assumption of various design variables. The salient contribution of this work is to suggest the best combination of design variables with the application of GA optimization technique for power density optimization. Comparative performance analysis is carried out between initially designed motor and optimized motor. Finally, 3 dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to verify the results obtained from design optimization. Results obtained from FEA fairly validates the initial design and optimized design. It is analyzed that the power density of motor is enhanced by 42.85 % with the proposed optimization technique. The proposed technique is implementable and complexity free. It may further be applied to the performance improvement of a non-linear design comprising different design variables.
HIGHLIGHTS

Axial flux permanent magnet motors are the most compatible in electric vehicle applications
Power density is one of the important performance parameters of axial flux permanent magnet motors
Optimization of power density improves drive range and overall performance of electric vehicle
Influential design variables are identified based on parametric analysis and its optimization is carried out with an GA based optimization technique with an objective of power density optimization
Proposed optimization technique is validated with finite element analysis

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Risk Assessment and Protective Effect of Respirators on Airborne Paraquat Exposure during Simulated Spraying Operations
Authors: Chaiklieng Sunisa , Chagkornburee Chuthamas , Songsermsakul Piyada , Pruktharathikul Vichai 
Published: November 2021

Paraquat (PQ) is widely used as a herbicide in Thailand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risk and protective effect of respirators during simulated PQ spraying operations in an experimental chamber. Additional data were collected from the interviews of PQ sprayers. Airborne PQ concentrations were collected from an experimental spray chamber employing controlled-rate sprayers of solutions (paraquat dichloride in water) and were lower than 50 µg/m3 (the standard regulation). Air sampling through a polytetrafluoroethylene filter membrane was performed under the conditional settings of inside and outside respirators, and analysed by using a HPLC-UV detector following NIOSH method 5003. The average PQ concentrations inside the certified respirators (cartridge, cup-shaped mask, surgical mask) were significantly lower than those outside of the respirators (4.30 ± 2.63 µg/m3 vs. 19.12 ± 16.65 µg/m3), which was not found with convenient sponge masks. Human health risk assessment on short-term and long-term exposure following US.EPA guide estimation showed that cartridge respirators and cup-shaped masks significantly decreased the risk (hazard quotient) of adverse health effects (p-value < 0.05) among the PQ sprayers. As a result, the PQ sprayers should be aware of preventive action and use a qualified mask/respirator to protect against exposure to airborne PQ and chronic health effects.
HIGHLIGHTS

The estimated human health risk from paraquat (PQ) exposure lower than the occupational exposure limit (OEL: 50 µg/m3) during the spraying operation was unacceptable for some sprayers
The average PQ concentrations inside the certified respirators (cartridge respirator and cup-shaped mask) were significantly lower than outside of the respirators that was not seen with the convenient sponge mask, a common type used by the sprayers
The cartridge respirator and cup-shaped mask significantly decreased the risk estimation of the PQ sprayers with regard to adverse health effects both from short-term and long-term PQ exposure
It is important for preventive action on exposure to PQ of the sprayers by the use of qualified respirators or masks to protect against inhalation of PQ and decrease health risks

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA FISIOTERAPIA NO PÓS-PARTO
Authors: Rodrigues Ingrid Silva , Ferreira Tairo Vieira 
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Durante o período de gestação e pós-parto o corpo das mulheres inúmeras transformações. Visto isso, uma das estratégias que pode ser utilizada é a fisioterapia pós-parto, portanto o presente trabalho apresenta a atuação do fisioterapeuta, algumas modificações e quais os benefícios do tratamento fisioterapêutico. Objetivo: Descrever os principais benefícios da Fisioterapia na saúde da mulher durante o período de pós-parto. Metodologia: Pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, com critério de seleção onde foram selecionados 50 artigos através das palavras-chave, o critério de exclusão foi dado através da compatibilidade dos objetivos e com o tema requerido, totalizando 27 artigos utilizados para a revisão bibliográfica e 23 artigos descartados. Conclusão: A fisioterapia pós-parto é de suma importância para uma melhor recuperação, reeducar a função respiratória, estimular o sistema circulatório e prevenir tromboses, auxilia na redução da dor intra-abdominal, na diminuição de incontinência urinária, relaxamento ou tonificação muscular, melhoria do fluxo circulatório local, drenagem de líquidos, na cicatrização de diversos tecidos e no incentivo a regeneração dos mesmos.
PENERAPAN METODE ALGORITMA K-MEANS CLUSTERING UNTUK PEMETAAN PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD)
Authors: Sembiring Muhammad Ardiansyah 
Published: November 2021

DBD umumnya disebabkan oleh nyamuk Aedes Aegypti. Nyamuk tersebut biasa hidup di lingkungan yang kotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan konsep data mining menggunakan algoritma K-Means (clustering) untuk pemetaan desa yang terjangkit Demam Berdarah Dengue. Pemetaan yang dilakukan untuk mencari daerah yang banyak terjangkit penyakit DBD, dan daerah yang jarang terjangkit penyakit DBD Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 3 cluster untuk tingkat penyebaran penyakit DBD yakni cluster 1 dengan kategori sedang, cluster 2 dengan kategori tinggi dan cluster 3 dengan kategori rendah. Performance yang dihasilkan menggunakan Devies Bouldin Index (DBI) adalah sebesar 1.044 yang menunjukkan K=3 sebagai jumlah kelompok yang paling optimum dibandingkan K lainnya. Hasil pemetaan yang dilakukan dapat membantu pemerintah bertindak cepat dalam mengambil keputusan bagi daerah yang rawan terjangkit penyakit DBD di Kecamatan Setia Janji.
PENGARUH PENDIDIDKAN KESEHATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI ANAK DISABILITAS INTELEKTUAL
Authors: Kelrey Fathimah 
Published: November 2021

Disabilitas intelektual pada anak merupakan Ketidakmampuan atau keterbatasan kecerdasan yang menjadikan mereka rentan terhadap permasalahan diantaranya yaitu masalah kesehatan reproduksi dan salah satu upaya penanganannya yaitu memberikan pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi melalui media edukatif audio visual. Tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan kesehatn media audio visual dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi anak disabilitas intelektual. Peneltian ini menggunakan metode Pre-eksperiment dengan pendekatan Pretest-Posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 24 orang anak disabilitas intelektual dengan Teknik quota sampling, non probability sampling. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah luar biasa Rela Bhakti Gamping 1 Sleman Yogyakarta pada bulan Mei- Juni 2019. Uji Analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya Pengaruh yang signifikan dengan nilai p value 0,00<0,05.
Essential Oil from Lemon Peel (Citrus lumion) and application in Skin-Care Lotion
Authors: Perpetua Oragwu Ifeoma , Shadrack C. U. Ugwu 
Published: November 2021

Essential oil from peels of lemon (Citrus Lumion) fruit had been evaluated for its physiochemical, phytochemical compositions and application in skin-care product. Lemon peel oil, which is one of the under-utilized essential oil was isolated from the matured fruits peel using petroleum ether by soxhlet extraction method. The percentage yield of 3.7 %, for air-dried peels and 2.30 %, for fresh peels are acceptable for most plants essential oils. The ash content of both the dried and fresh peels were 1.42 ± 0.001 and 4.007±0.003. Some phytochemicals like, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes, carbohydrates, tannins, were determined using standard methods. The lemon-peel-oil skin-lotion formulation was carried out by mixing 5 ml of the peel oil sample with corresponding mass of basic lotion compositions, in water base-tank, and homogenously mixed in oil base-tank under 700 C. The pH range(6.30), viscosity, spreadability, and properties of the lotion were compared to the non-lemon-oil lotion and to a commercial grade skin lotion.
A Case-control Study on the Association of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor a Gene +35G/C Polymorphism and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number with the Risk of Endometriosis in Indian Women
Authors: Beeram Himabindu , Reddy Tumu Venkat , Govatati Suresh , Siddamalla Swapna , Deenadayal Mamata , Shivaji Sisinthy , Bhanoori Manjula 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA copy number variations are known to contribute in disease development. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of endometriosis. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to analyze the association of TFAM+35G/C polymorphism and mitochondrial copy number with the risk of endometriosis in Indian women.
Study Design: This study was carried out on 418 subjects including 200 endometriosis cases and 218 controls.
Methodology: Genotyping of TFAM +35G/C polymorphism (rs1937) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Quantification of mtDNA copy number was carried out using a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, 2014 to 2020.
Results: TFAM genotype as well as allele distributions were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicated a significant reduction of GG genotype frequency (P=0.009), high ‘C’ allele frequency (P=0.017) and significantly decreased mtDNA copy number in endometriosis cases compared to controls (P= 0.0001).
Conclusion: Present study revealed a statistically significant association of decreased GG genotype of TFAM +35G/C polymorphism and mtDNA copy number with the risk of developing endometriosis in Indian women.
Rainfall and Temperature Trends in Jagtial District of Telangana State
Authors: Navatha N. , Sreenivas G. , Umareddy R. 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To investigate and assess the significance of the potential trend of two variables viz. rainfall, temperature in Jagtial district of Telangana state.
Place and Duration of Study: Data of Daily rainfall and temperature data of 39 years (1980-2019) collected from the meteorological observatory at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Polasa, Jagtial.
Methodology: In this study, trend analysis has been carried out on monthly, seasonal and annual basis using the data period between 1980 to 2019 for rainfall and temperature. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimate test were applied to identify the existing trend direction and magnitude of change over time.
Results: The rainfall seasonal trend analysis indicates that pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon and winter period showed a negative rainfall trend with z statistics of-1.47, -2.51, -0.55 and-1.38 respectively. However, the annual rainfall showed a negative trend with a z value of -2.53. In the case of Sen’s slope shows that negative trend in monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall. But the significant rising trend of monthly, seasonal average temperature is noticed from 1980 onwards. The annual average maximum temperature in the Jagtial showed an increasing trend (Z value +5.03). An increasing trend in the all seasons will lead to increase in annual mean temperature. The results of minimum temperature shows a rising trend and falling trend observed Monthly. However annual mean minimum temperature in the Jagtial District showed an increasing trend (Z value 0.10). In the case of maximum temperature for the observed period, it showed rising trend (Sen's slope = 0.63) while the minimum temperature trend showed no trend (Sen's slope = 0.02).
Conclusion: Time series was carried out using nonparametric M–K test and Sen's slope estimator, which are widely used tests for conducting trend analysis. Therefore, its take into think about the rainfall variability in particular and temperature variability in general of the area into their climate change adaptation approach.
Prevention and Control of Infections
Authors: Sebastian Robin , Gopalakrishnan . , Kumar P. Sanil , Prashanth Lal , Jose Darly 
Published: November 2021

Over the last 10 years several new viral pathogens have appeared in human populations in India. We have also seen the emergence of infectious diseases like COVID-19. It is time to reassess our current practice patterns and commit to a ‘NEW STANDARD’ for infection prevention and control.
A two-tiered approach to precautions is used to interrupt the mode of transmission of infectious agents. Standard precautions to work practices that are applied to all patients receiving care in health facilities and Transmission-based precautions are precautions required to be taken based on the route of transmission of organisms like contact precautions, airborne precautions, etc. If successfully implemented, standard and transmission-based precautions prevent any infection from being transmitted.
Prevalence of HBV and its Associated Risks Factors among Patients Accessing Care at a Secondary Health Facility in Ekiti State, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Daramola G. O. , Olofu B. E. , Edogun H. A. , Ojerinde A. O. , Ajayi O. D. , Fatoki A. , Egebbi A. , Jegede O. O. , Ogunfolakan O. O. 
Published: November 2021

Viral hepatitis is a serious disease of the liver that can have grim prognosis in the absence of early and appropriate medical intervention. Globally, an estimated two billion people are reported to have been infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and out of this, more than 350 million are said to have chronic(long term) liver infection. The likelihood that Hepatitis B Virus infection will become chronic depends upon the age at which a person becomes infected. Young children who become infected with HBV are most likely to develop chronic infection. About 25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from HBV related liver cancer or cirrhosis. According to WHO ranking of hepatitis prevalence, ≤ 1.9%, 2-7.9% and ≥ 8% are low, moderate and high prevalence respectively. Hepatitis is endemic in Ekiti State, there is therefore the need to know its prevalence in the major cities of Ekiti State. Since Ikere-Ekiti is the second major city of Ekiti State, therefore this study set out to know the prevalence of HBV-caused hepatitis in Ikere-Ekiti and its associated factors,. One hundred participants were enrolled- at the State specialist Hospital, Ikere-Ekiti- into the study after obtaining their informed consent. Consecutive sampling was used. Thirty-three (33%) of the subjects were males while 67 (67%) were females. Thirty-seven (37%) , 30 (30%) and 33 (33%) respectively fell were in the ≤26 years, 27-36 and ≥37 age-brackets. Fifty-two (52 %) were singles while 48 (48%) were married. Ninety-three (93%) were Christians while 7 (%) were Muslims. Structured self-administered questionnaires were served on the subjects. Five millilitres of blood were collected from each subject using venepuncture method. The samples were screened for the presence or otherwise of antibodies to HBsAg using a rapid test kit that worked on the principle of immunochromatography. An overall prevalence of 8% was discovered. Five (5%) of the positive subjects were males while 3 (%) were females (p=0.064). Half (50%) of the positive subjects were within the ≤26 years age-bracket, the 27-36 age-bracket had the least number of positive subjects (p=0.512). Two out of the positive subjects had a history of blood transfusion (p=0.748), one had history of surgery (p=0.580). The imports and implications of these are here discussed. Since viral hepatitis is vaccine-preventable and herd immunity can only be achieved when the vast majority of a society acquires immunity against a particular infectious disease, the government is advised to strive to vaccinate at least 70% of the populace against viral hepatitis- a disease which is endemic, not only in Ekiti State, but in many parts of Nigeria.
The Effects of Magnification and Operator’s Experience on the Quality of Preclinical Dental Procedures
Authors: Wajngarten Danielle , Pazos Júlia Margato , Sasso Garcia Patricia Petromilli Nordi 
Published: November 2021

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of magnification on the quality of preclinical class I cavity preparations according to operator’s experience.
Methodology: This was an experimental laboratory study. The response variable was the quality of Class I cavity preparations evaluated by the Class I Cavity Preparation Assessment - COCA. Class I cavity preparations were performed in all artificial first molars under four conditions: unaided visualization, using a simple loupe, using a Galilean loupe, and using a Keplerian loupe (N=640). The two-factor analysis of variance was performed (α=0.05).
Results: No interactions between operator’s experience and magnification device were found (p>0.05). Although, higher quality scores were given to cavity preparations in tooth #36 using the Galilean loupe compared to naked eye (p<0.01). The more experienced operator received higher quality scores for tooth #46 regardless of the magnification system used (µexperienced=7.0±2.3 and µinexperienced=5.4±2.4).
Conclusion: The use of magnification devices did not influence the quality of class I cavity preparations performed on tooth #16, 26, 46. Galilean loupe was associated with improved quality of the cavity preparation performed on tooth #36, and the operator’s experience influenced the quality of the preparation on tooth #46.