bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Large-Scale Documentation of Pottery Sherds Through Simultaneous Multiple 3D Model Capture Using Structure from Motion: Phoenician Carinated-Shoulder Amphorae from Tell el-Burak (Lebanon) as a Case Study
Authors: Göttlich Fanet , Schmitt Aaron , Kilian Andrea , Gries Helen , Badreshany Kamal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new rapid, low-cost method for the large-scale documentation of pottery sherds through simultaneous multiple 3D model capture using Structure from Motion (SfM). The method has great potential to enhance and replace time-consuming and expensive conventional approaches for pottery documentation, i.e., 2D photographs and drawing on paper with subsequent digitization of the drawings. To showcase the method’s effectiveness and applicability, a case study was developed in the context of an investigation of the Phoenician economy at the Lebanese site of Tell el-Burak, which is based on a large collection of amphora sherds. The same set of sherds were drawn by an experienced draftsperson and then documented through SfM using our new workflow to allow for a direct comparison. The results show that the new technique detailed here is accessible, more cost-effective, and allows for the documentation of ceramic data at a far-greater scale, while producing more consistent and reproducible results. We expect that these factors will enable excavators to greatly increase digital access to their material, which will significantly enhance its utility for subsequent research.
Rational engineering of specialized metabolites in bacteria and fungi
Authors: Kamdem Ramsay Soup Teoua , Ogbole Omonike , Wafo Pascal , Philip F. Uzor , Ali Zulfiqar , Ntie-Kang Fidele , Khan Ikhlas A. , Spiteller Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bacteria and fungi have a high potential to produce compounds that display large structural change and diversity, thus displaying an extensive range of biological activities. Secondary metabolism or specialized metabolism is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that are not mandatory for the subsistence of the organism but improve and control their phenotype. Their interesting biological activities have occasioned their application in the fields of agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals. Metabolic engineering is a powerful approach to improve access to these treasured molecules or to rationally engineer new ones. A thorough overview of engineering methods in secondary metabolism is presented, both in heterologous and epigenetic modification. Engineering methods to modify the structure of some secondary metabolite classes in their host are also intensively assessed.
Inorganic luminescent pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Inorganic luminescent pigments (luminescent materials, luminophores, phosphors) as synthetically generated crystalline compositions absorb energy followed by emission of light with lower energy, respectively, longer wavelengths. The light emission occurs often in the visible spectral range. External energy is necessary to enable luminescent materials to generate light. Luminescent pigments are divided into fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments. This classification goes back to different energy transitions. Emission based on allowed optical transitions, with decay times in the order of µs or faster is defined as fluorescence. Emission with longer decay times is called phosphorescence. The occurrence of fluorescence or phosphorescence as well as the decay time depend on structure and composition of a specific luminophore. There are four luminescence mechanisms discussed for inorganic luminescent materials: center luminescence, charge-transfer luminescence, donor–acceptor pair luminescence, and long-afterglow phosphorescence. The emission of luminescent light can have its origin in different excitation mechanisms such as optical excitation (UV radiation or even visible light), high-voltage or low-voltage electroluminescence and excitation with high energy particles (X-rays, γ-rays). Inorganic luminescent pigments are used mainly in fluorescent lamps, cathode-ray tubes, projection television tubes, plasma display panels, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and for X-ray and γ-ray detection. The pigment particles are dispersed for the applications in specific binder systems. They are applied in form of thin layers and by means of luminophore/solvent suspensions, containing adhesive agents, on a substrate.
Mixed metal oxide pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mixed metal oxide (MMO) pigments, also knowns as complex inorganic color pigments (CICPs), are an important class of inorganic pigments. They are representatives of the blue, green, yellow, brown, and black pigments. These pigments are called mixed complex because they contain two or more different metals in the composition. Their main advantages are high opacity, heat stability, useful infrared properties, light- and weather fastness, and chemical resistance. MMOs are solid solutions of metal oxides, which are homogenously distributed in their crystal lattices. They are based on different types of crystal structures, such as rutile, spinel, inverse spinel, hematite, priderite, and pseudobrookite. Other products belonging to the CICPs besides the rutile and spinel type MMOs are pigments based on zirconium silicate (zircon, ZrSiO4). Such compositions belong to the class of ceramic pigments (color stains for glazes).
Special effect pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Special effect pigments are in the very most cases synthetic pigments, characterized by high luster, brilliance and iridescent colors known from optically thin films. The visual appearance has its origin in reflection and refraction of light at thin single and multiple layers. The pigments are either transparent, semitransparent or light-absorbing platelet-shaped crystals or layer systems. They can consist of single crystals, but also of monolayer or a multilayer structures in which the layers have different refractive indices and light absorption properties. Pigment based on the layer-substrate principle represent the technically most important class of special effect pigments. There are many variation and combination possibilities for the layer and substrate materials used. Special effect pigments based on platelets of natural or synthetic mica, on alumina, silica, or borosilicate flakes are the main representatives of layer-substrate pigments. They are manufactured in most cases by wet chemical processes combined with high-temperature processes. The production of substrate particles includes mechanical processes, but also crystal growth, glass formation, and web coating.
Titanium dioxide pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is by far the most important white pigment. The extraordinary scattering behavior of TiO2 together with the lack of absorption in the visible range and the stability in different application systems is the reason why TiO2 is the most commonly used pigment. Of the three TiO2 modifications, only rutile and anatase play a role for pigment uses, whereas brookite has no technical importance. Two main processes are used for the production of TiO2 pigments, the sulfate process and the chloride process. Many TiO2 pigments are equipped with an additional surface treatment (aftertreatment) to improve weather resistance and lightfastness of the pigment itself and of the pigmented organic matrix. A second aim of the surface treatment is the improvement of the dispersibility of the pigments in the application system.
Transparent pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transparent pigments are characterized by very small particles with sizes in the range below 100 nm and large specific surface areas. Most of the technically relevant pigments consist of inorganic compounds. Transparent pigments are classified as nanomaterials. Nanosized primary particles do not or only slightly scatter visible light, which is the reason for their transparency. Pigmentation with these pigments leads to a transparent appearance of the application systems. There are colored and colorless transparent pigments. If colored pigments such as α-FeOOH, α-Fe2O3, and CoAl2O4 are used, the application medium takes on color while remaining transparent. Colorless transparent pigments are nearly invisible in the application system. Only in combination with effect pigments or conventional colored pigments, effects with a special appearance are possible, e.g., frost effects. There are two industrially relevant colorless transparent pigments, TiO2 and ZnO. Both pigments find their main applications as functional powders. They are characterized by strong UV absorption and are therefore applied as UV absorbers. As such, they are used for the protection of organic materials such as plastics and coatings. They are used in addition in a broad diversity of sun screen products where they protect human skin. The manufacture of transparent pigments takes place mostly using wet-chemical or gas-phase reactions.
White pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
White pigments are inorganic pigments, whose optical action is mainly based on non-selective light scattering. White pigments do not show absorption in the range of visible light, but have high scattering power leading to high hiding power in their applications. The greater the difference between the refractive index of the white pigment and that of the surrounding medium, the higher the scattering power.
Fluorescence quenching detection of UO2
2+ in aqueous solution based on an organic molecule probe of 6-chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
Authors: Elabd Amira A. , Elhefnawy Olivea A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new organic molecule probe has been introduced as a “turn-off” fluorescent sensor to detect trace quantities of UO2
2+ in the presence of several transition metals with promising results. The procedure is based on quenching the fluorescence intensity of 6-chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide (L) in the presence of various UO2
2+ concentrations in methanol. The UO2
2+ and L species interact through electrostatic interaction between negatively charged nitrogen atom of the sulfonamide group of L and positively charged UO2
2+, thus facilitating the non-radiative recombination of UO2
2+ and L through the charge transfer or electron transfer processes and leading to the fluorescence quenching of L. The mechanism of quenching was addressed and proved to be static quenching. The impressive quenching of the fluorescence intensity of L by different concentrations of UO2
2+ has been successfully used as a new sensor to measure UO2
2+ in methanol at λ
ex = 340 nm, λ
em = 380 nm with a linear dynamic range of 0.08–5.0 µM and detection limit and quantification limit of 0.0276 and 0.0837 µM, respectively. The L sensor shows interesting advantages compared to other developed sensors with adequate performance, such as broader linear range and lower detection limit, selectivity, and simplicity, which illustrate its useful practical use.
Inheritance and Stockholding: The Role of Expectations
Authors: Luik Marc-André , Salland Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to investigate the role of inheritances for stockholding. Individual heir fixed-effects estimates show that an inheritance receipt increases subsequent stock market participation. The respective magnitude of this shift is higher for large and fully anticipated receipts, whereas it seems to be largest for fully but larger-than-expected transfers. Generally, our effects are driven by households entering the stock market. Also, a less pre-inheritance liquidity constrained household shows higher post-inheritance stock ownership probability. This suggests, inheritance size as well as receipt and size anticipation are determinants for stockholding. In the context of stock market participation, our results highlight considerable heir and transfer heterogeneity which can have important implications for bequest taxation and economic welfare. By means of the intergenerational transmission of inequality and socio-economic status via the ‘wealth channel’, households not only benefit from transfer receipt but also from later capital gains, due to stock market participation.
Fusion of sequential LiDAR measurements for semantic segmentation of multi-layer grid maps
Authors: Bieder Frank , Wirges Sascha , Richter Sven , Stiller Christoph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we improve the semantic segmentation of multi-layer top-view grid maps in the context of LiDAR-based perception for autonomous vehicles. To achieve this goal, we fuse sequential information from multiple consecutive LiDAR measurements with respect to the driven trajectory of an autonomous vehicle. By doing so, we enrich the multi-layer grid maps which are subsequently used as the input of a neural network. Our approach can be used for LiDAR-only 360 ° surround view semantic scene segmentation while being suitable for real-time critical systems. We evaluate the benefit of fusing sequential information using a dense semantic ground truth and discuss the effect on different classes.
Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models
Authors: Ghareghani Majid , Ghanbari Amir , Eid Ali , Shaito Abdullah , Mohamed Wael , Mondello Stefania , Zibara Kazem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Severalin vitroandin vivoexperimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
Auf dem Weg zum austeritätspolitischen Föderalismus in Bayern? Eine historisch-materialistische Politikanalyse sparpolitischer Restrukturierungsprozesse in der Raumordnung.
Authors: Dudek Simon 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die als Erfolgsmodell geltende bayerische Raumplanung wurde in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich geschwächt. Mit der materialistischen Staatstheorie lässt sich dieser Wandel als Folge austeritärer Staatlichkeit fassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ergründet der Beitrag die Konsequenzen dieser Verschiebung für die Raumordnung. Anhand feststellbarer Prozesse der Kommunalisierung, Verwettbewerblichung und Responsibilisierung lässt sich die Herausbildung eines austeritätspolitischen Föderalismus feststellen.
Die doppelte Fetischisierung der Staatsschulden
Authors: Belina Bernd 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Staatsschulden werden in diesem Beitrag auf ihre doppelte Fetischisierung hin untersucht. Sie erscheinen, obschon Resultat komplexer gesellschaftlicher Prozesse, als Ding, das mit simplen moralischen Urteilen aufgeladen werden kann. Unter Rückgriff auf die Fetischtheorie von Karl Marx und die darauf aufbauende Verdinglichungstheorie von Georg Lukács wird argumentiert, dass diese Verdinglichungen in den grundlegenden Strukturen des Kapitalismus angelegt sind, den sozialen Formen; und dass sie durch theoretische Kritik und politische Praxis verflüssigt werden können. Dabei wird unter Bezugnahme auf weitere Positionen des Westlichen Marxismus mit Lukács über Lukács hinausgegangen, indem die spezifischen Fetischisierungen des Schuldenfetischs und des Territorialfetischs bestimmt werden und ihre Kombination zur Erklärung der extremen Verdinglichung der Staatsschulden herangezogen wird. Insgesamt plädiert der Beitrag für eine an die Dialektik von Verdinglichung und Verflüssigung orientierte Untersuchung und Kritik geographischer Gegenstände.
Realisasi Penerapan Kebijakan Protokol Kesehatan dalam Salat Berjamaah di Tempat Ibadah Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19; Studi Kasus Kegiatan Beribadah Pada Desa Masangan Kulon, Jawa Timur dan Desa Talang Makmur, Jambi
Authors: Aziz Azalia Wardha , Wardhani Nanda Kusuma , Junaedi Junaedi 
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 has caused various sectors and community activities to be limited. This is done to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus from spreading throughout the country. Starting from teaching and learning activities, trade to worship. To return to normal activities, people are required to protect themselves and others by implementing health protocol policies. In fact, there are still many places of worship and worshipers who have not implemented health protocol policies. Therefore, this study aims to find out how to pray in congregation in places of worship during the Covid-19 pandemic and how to implement policies on implementing health protocols in congregational prayers at places of worship during the Covid-19 pandemic by researching directly at Masangan Kulon Village and Masangan Kulon Village. Prosperous Talang. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of the study indicate that the realization of health protocol policies in congregational prayers in places of worship during the Covid-19 pandemic has not been realized properly or has not been optimal.Keywords: Realization; Health Protocol; Congregational Prayers; Covid-19 AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 sejak awal tahun 2020 menyebabkan berbagai sektor dan kegiatan aktivitas masyarakat menjadi terbatas. Hal ini dilakukan guna mencegah penyebaran virus Covid-19 merajalela di seluruh bagian tanah air. Mulai dari kegiatan aktivitas belajar mengajar, perdagangan hingga peribadatan. Untuk kembali melakukan aktivitas seperti biasa, masyarakat dituntut untuk melindungi dirinya dan orang lain dengan menerapkan kebijakan protokol kesehatan. Pada kenyataannya, masih banyak tempat ibadah dan jamaah tempat ibadah yang belum menerapkan kebijakan protokol kesehatan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana salat berjamaah di tempat ibadah pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana realisasi kebijakan penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam salat berjamaah di tempat ibadah pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan meneliti secara langsung pada Desa Masangan Kulon dan Desa Talang Makmur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi kebijakan protokol kesehatan dalam salat berjamaah di tempat ibadah pada masa pandemi Covid-19 belumlah terealisasi dengan baik atau belum optimal.Kata Kunci: Realisasi; Protokol Kesehatan; Salat Berjamaah; Covid-19
Letter regarding “Chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis”
Authors: Xie Jian , Li Lang 
Published: May 2021

Dear Editor:
We have read with a great interest the article by Gupta et al. [1] who performed a meta-analysis exploring the association between chronic mechanical irritation and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The conclusion of the meta-analysis is that chronic oral mucosa irritation has a significant association with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the nature of association could be that of a potential co-factor (dependent risk factor) rather than an independent risk factor.
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Hypofractioned skull base meningioma radiosurgery (case report)
Authors: Tokarev A. S. , Zuev S. E. , Rak V. A. , Stepanov V. N. , Koynash G. V. , Evdokimova O. L. , Grin A. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Prirodov A. V. 
Published: May 2021

The objective is to describe a case of hypofractioned skull base meningioma radiosurgery.Clinical case. For 5 years, female patient S., 55 years old, suffered from headaches. In 2012, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed petroclival meningioma on the left actively and homogenously accumulating the contrast agent. The patient refrained from any type of treatment. Control magnetic resonance imaging showed an increase in tumor size up to 24 × 45 × 27 mm; at the lateral margin it spread to the left temporal area, at the medial margin it grew around the left optic nerve, chiasm spreading into the left maxillary sinus. We performed three-fraction radiosurgery for skull base meningioma according to hypofractionation scheme (7 Gr / fraction with 2 day interval). 37 months postoperatively, tumor volume had complete regression. There are no optic disturbances.Conclusion. This case report demonstrates treatment results of difficult structure tumor and describe radiosurgical possibilities in big size meningiomas.
High-grade gliomas: a literature review. Part 1. Epidemiology, classification and approaches to combination treatment
Authors: Gretskikh K. V. , Tokarev A. S. 
Published: May 2021

Malignant brain tumors remain one of the most complex problem in modern oncology, being among the most dangerous types of cancer not only because of their poor prognosis, but also due to the immediate consequences for quality of life and cognitive functions. It is expected that the number of such patients will increase as the life expectancy of the population increases.The mortality rate of patients with malignant gliomas remains the highest among all cancer patients. The median survival rate in this population does not exceed 24.5 months. Despite serious progress in the study of the molecular biology of this type of tumor, the question of effective application of this knowledge in the treatment process remains open.The review highlights the most advanced diagnostic methods and analyzes the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy. Special attention is given to the search for new approaches to radiosurgical treatment of highgrade gliomas in order to increase the duration and improve the quality of life of patients.The literature review is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 covers the epidemiology, clinic, and diagnosis of high-grade gliomas, as well as a combined approach to the treatment of the disease.