bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Pertussis: “Prevention is better than cure”
Authors: Jayashree M. , Kavitha T. K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The global incidence of pertussis has increased in the last two decades. Critical pertussis (cases necessitating intensive care unit admission or resulting in death) is a major health concern, especially among infants. Inadequately transferred maternal immunity, high susceptibility to disease before completion of the primary immunization schedule, and differential expression of pertussis toxins are some of the proposed reasons for higher disease burden in infancy. Adolescent children with waning immunity and susceptible adults contribute to the transmission of the disease. Siblings and parents are a major source of infection in infants. Multisystem involvement includes respiratory failure, central nervous system manifestations, shock, and pulmonary artery hypertension. Hyperleukocytosis, a characteristic feature of critical pertussis, is a proven risk factor for increased mortality. Other predictors of mortality include pulmonary artery hypertension, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and vasoactive requirements. Early macrolide antibiotics and organ support measures are the major domains of management. Intensive care needs include mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, and leukodepletion measures. Studies regarding optimal management strategies are scarce, and strategies like leukapheresis or ECMO have shown variable mortality benefit in literature. Routine immunization along with adolescent booster dose and immunization of pregnant mothers have shown promising impacts on reducing pertussis-related morbidity and mortality. We describe the updates regarding the risk factors for resurgence, disease morbidity, and management strategies in children with critical pertussis.
Road to Freedom: Experiences of Unfettering and Rehabilitating Chained Mentally Ill Persons in Rural India
Authors: Gupta Dhanesh Kumar , Verma Kamal Kumar , Baniya Girish Chandra , Chaurotia Vijay , Sidana Roop , Khandelwal Sudhir K. 
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives:
Chaining or physical seclusion of persons with mental illnesses by their caregivers is still prevalent in many countries including India. This paper presents preliminary experiences from the Mukti program, an innovative community-based initiative to treat and rehabilitate physically restrained mentally ill patients in Northern India.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review focussed on program processes and their impact on patients and their families. Patients enrolled in the program during its 1st year were included. Data were retrieved from patients’ case records for 5 years from the launch of the program. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used for quantitative data analysis.

Results:
Forty-six out of 50 enrolled patients received treatment. The mean duration of chaining or seclusion was 8.61 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.49). 79% of patients received only one or two medicines (mean: 1.92, SD: 0.84). At the end of 5-year follow-up, 81% of patients were free from chains and seclusion. More than one-third (37%) of patients were leading a normal or nearly normal life. The improvement was also reflected in clinical global impression-I (80% scored 1 or 2), and on the global assessment of functioning (two-thirds had more than 30% improvement).

Conclusions:
Program Mukti demonstrates that community-based intervention is an effective and feasible approach to rehabilitating chained mentally ill patients in India. The innovative, bottom-up approach with indicated intervention in the program Mukti proved to be effective for this highly marginalized subgroup and their families. Low-cost interventions at patients’ doorsteps with adequate community involvement in the program Mukti have ensured sustained engagement of patients and carers in the recovery process resulting in better outcomes.
Practices and Attitude Regarding Restraint of Psychiatric Patients among Mental Health Professionals of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Shah Bigya , Bhandari Anup Raj , Sapkota Nidesh , Shakya Rabi 
Published: December 2024

Background:
There is significant controversy regarding restraint during treatment in psychiatry. Although seen as an assault on autonomy clinical scenarios often necessitate its use. In the Nepalese context, there is regular practice of restraint, but there is a dearth of literature. We aim to study the existing practices and attitudes among mental health professionals regarding the use of restraints.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive internet-based survey among psychiatrists and clinical psychologists of Nepal using a questionnaire prepared by the research team in All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The questionnaire was converted to a Google form after some modification and contextualization. The data were collected after taking ethical approval from the Instutional Review Committee. The data analysis n (%) of each response was done using MS Excel.

Results:
The questionnaire was filled out by 43 psychiatrists and 20 clinical psychologists. Among 55 participants who dealt with inpatients, 50 (90%) practiced restraint and the maximum had no formal protocol for restraint 40 (72.7%) or audits of restraint 45 (81.8%). Among 63 participants, 36 (57%) believed that restraint was necessary and an essential part of patient management. The majority 52 (82.5%) agreed that patients had a limited role in decision-making. The legitimate major reasons for use of restraint as per participants were harm to others 53 (84.1%), harm to self -53 (84.1), aggression toward family/other patients 50 (79.4%), or staff 47 (74.6%).

Conclusion:
The Nepalese mental health experts routinely practiced restraint. They reported that patients had limited role in decision-making and there is a need of making a clinical and legal provision for restraint.
Monitoring Psychiatric Inpatient Coercion in India – A 6-Month Prospective Evaluation of Incidence, Patterns, and Factors Affecting Restraint Use at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sobhani Aayushi , Harsha  , Sharma Panna , Deb Koushik Sinha , Verma Rohit , Sagar Rajesh , Prerna  , Bhagat Laxman , Soni Pankhuri 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The use of restraint in psychiatric inpatient settings is a contentious issue, balancing patient safety with ethical concerns. Despite India’s Mental Healthcare Act of 2017, which prohibits seclusion and mandates stringent restraint regulations, restraint remains a critical intervention in managing acute behavioral crises. This study investigates the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of restraint use in a tertiary care psychiatric facility in Northern India.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based, observational, prospective study was conducted over 6 months in a 32-bedded psychiatry ward. Data were collected from ward registers, treatment charts, and patient records, documenting restraint events. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparisons, and logistic regression.

Results:
Among 128 admissions (5,518 inpatient days), 35.1% of patients experienced restraint, yielding a restraint patient rate of 8.15 per 1000 inpatient days and an event rate of 26.1 per 1000 inpatient days. Chemical restraint was predominant (74.3% of events), followed by combined (22.9%) and physical restraint (2.8%). Restraint occurred primarily in young adults with mood and psychotic disorders, with no significant association between restraint use and sociodemographic or clinical factors. Most restraints were applied within the 1st week of admission.

Conclusions:
Restraint, primarily chemical, remains common in managing acute agitation and violence, especially early in hospitalization. The findings underscore the importance of balancing clinical needs with patient rights while striving for noncoercive, patient-centered psychiatric care. The findings also highlight the need for standardized reporting and continued training to minimize restraint use and promote ethical healthcare delivery.
A moving lemma for cohomology with support
Authors: Schreieder Stefan 
Published: December 2024

For a natural class of cohomology theories with support (including \'etale or pro-\'etale cohomology with suitable coefficients), we prove a moving lemma for cohomology classes with support on smooth quasi-projective k-varieties that admit a smooth projective compactification (e.g. if char(k)=0). This has the following consequences for such k-varieties and cohomology theories: a local and global generalization of the effacement theorem of Quillen, Bloch--Ogus, and Gabber, a finite level version of the Gersten conjecture in characteristic zero, and a generalization of the injectivity property and the codimension 1 purity theorem for \'etale cohomology. Our results imply that the refined unramified cohomology groups from [Sch23] are motivic.Comment: 50 pages, to appear in EPIGA (special volume in honour of Claire Voisin)
Obtaining oat genotypes tolerant to mycotoxins in vitro
Authors: Voitovska V. I. , Mykolaiko I. I. , Nediak T. M. , Potapovych O. A. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To establish the concentration of toxins, the duration of their cultivation and to obtain tolerant to mycotoxins oat genotypes in vitro.
Methods. Wild genotype No. 12, varieties 'Dekameron', 'Darunok', 'Diietychnyi', 'Skarb Ukrainy', and 'Avgol', as well as lines No. 493-27, 477-5, 399-38 and 425-19 were used as materials. From the oat collection, breeding material was selected and propagated. The shoots were planted in nutrient medium supplemented with different concentrations (from 10 to 600 μg/l) of fusarium acid. A modified nutrient medium according to B5 prescription and modifications [GB + BAP (0.8 mg/l) + kinetin (1.0 mg/l) + sucrose (30.0 g/l)] served as the control variant. As a control option, the same medium was chosen, on which the shoots of the variety ‘Synelnykivskyi 1321’ (standard) were planted. The number of shoots in one variant was 25, with three replications. Oat shoots were cultivated with mycotoxins for up to 14 days. Tolerant plants were selected and transplanted to a hormone-free medium with a half content of mineral salts (1/2), and then to a medium for rhizogenesis.
Results. It was found that concentrations of fusarium acid above 100 μg/l had a significant effect on the viability of the oat breeding material. Most of the material at concentrations from 200 to 600 μg/l on the seventh day of cultivation with mycotoxins was inhibited, and at concentrations of 400 μg/l and higher, it completely died. At concentrations from 50 to 100 μg/l, it is impractical to cultivate shoots for up to 14 days, while 7 or 10 days will be enough in order to obtain a higher yield of viable oat shoots. Concentrations and duration of cultivation had a significant effect on the biometric indicators of oat.
Conclusions. It is recommended to add fusarium acid to the nutrient medium at a concentrations from 50 to 100 μg/l, which will make it possible to obtain tolerant forms of oats: up to 51% in wild forms, up to 38% in varieties, and up to 17% in breeding lines.
Literasi Keuangan dan digitalisasi untuk Generasi Z “Tema Edukasi Publik Pasar Modal”
Authors: Lestari Tina , Amrulloh Rifqi , Jayen Fredy , Melania Melania 
Published: December 2024

Abstrak: Literasi keuangan merupakan keterampilan yang penting dalam rangka pemberdayaan masyarakat, kesejahteraan individu, perlindungan konsumen, dan peningkatan inklusi keuangan. Digitalisasi merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran dari manual atau analog menjadi teknologi modern atau online yang memberikan manfaat bagi pelaku pasar, dalam pasar modal yang merupakan tempat bertemunya perusahan (emiten) dan investor untuk mempergagangkan surat berharga. Investasi bukan lagi konsep baru dikalangan publik, mulai muncul kesadaran pentingnya investasi untuk perencanaan finansial masa depan. Generasi Z atau Gen Z disebut sebagai generasi yang lahir setelah generasi Y. Generasi Z disebut juga sebagai iGeneration atau generasi internet atau generasi net. Generasi Z yang diharapkan menjadi bonus demografi tenaga kerja beberapa tahun kedepan, sebaiknya dibekali dengan literasi keuangan agar mampu bertahan dan bersaing dengan lingkungannya. Pelaksanaan kegiatan tentang literasi keuangan dengan melakukan edukasi tentang pasar modal dan pengenalan IDX mobile, edukasi cara berinvestasi dengan mengenal saham. Prinsip dasar berinvestasi, proses pembelian sahan, perusahaan sekuritas dan aplikasi yang digunakan, perusahaan sekuritas. Promosi kampus serta mengenalkan Galery Investasi Bursa Efek Indonesia STIE Pancasetia dengan materi terkait dengan profile dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang telah dilakukan secara local, nasional dan internasional. Kegiatan sangat baik dan berjalan dengan lancar, peserta sangat antusias, berpartisipasi aktif serta luar biasa dalam memberikan pertanyaan. Narasumber memberikan materi dan tanggapan dengan sangat baik. Kegiatan ini mendukung LPPM dalam peningkatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dan mendukung dalam program kolaborasi kampus dengan swasta dan para praktisi dibidang keuangan.
Anxiety and depression in primary knee osteoarthritis patients: are they related to clinical features and radiographic changes?
Authors: Abd Elhamid Yasmin A. , Elazkalany Ghada S. , Niazy Marwa H. , Afifi Angie Y. 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide, disabling condition, more prevalent in older people. Although anxiety and depression disorders are common in OA and may affect compliance with treatment, both disorders are still underrecognized and undertreated. The present study aimed to screen for anxiety and depression among patients with primary knee OA, and to study the relationship between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score and different disease parameters.Material and methodsFifty patients fulfilling primary knee OA classification criteria were recruited for the study, and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as a control group. Medical history was taken, clinical examination was done, and pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale. The 6-minute walk test was used for functional status assessment, and plain X-ray knees were scored according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification system. Participants completed the HADS questionnaire.ResultsTwenty-nine patients were female (58%) and 21 were male (42%). The mean HADS score was significantly higher in OA patients than controls (<i>p</i> = 0.001). The mean HADS-A (Anxiety) score was statistically significantly higher in OA patients than controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Anxiety was more frequent in patients (44%) than in controls (10%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In regression analysis, female sex could be considered as a predictor for each of HADS-A and HADS-D (Depression) (b: 0.4, 0.3; <i>t</i>: 3.28, 2.2; <i>p</i> = 0.002, 0.03; CI: 1.3–5.6, 0.2–4.4), respectively, while knee giving way was considered as a predictor for HADS-A (b: 0.34, <i>t</i>: 2.8, <i>p</i> = 0.007, CI: 0.96–5.87).ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed that anxiety level rather than depression was significantly higher in patients with primary knee OA than in controls. Female sex could be considered as a predictor for each of HADS-A and HADS-D, while knee giving way was considered as a predictor for HADS-A.
Key personal insights and changing needs of osteoarthritis patients: an international quantitative survey analysis
Authors: Szekanecz Zoltan , Osadcii-Zaiat Diana , Bajkó András , Minda Hajnalka , Szerencsés Dóra 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) presents significant challenges, imposing limitations on patients’ daily activities. Factors such as restricted mobility, sedentary lifestyles, social isolation, and weight gain can exacerbate the difficulties faced by these individuals. Our study aimed to identify the needs and personal challenges faced by individuals with OA, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and methodsThe research included a quantitative survey and a workshop involving a Scientific Leader Team. The quantitative survey was conducted among 400 patients in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Kazakhstan. All enrolled participants had experienced chronic musculoskeletal pain due to OA for at least three years and had received treatment with topical or oral medications. The cross-country workshop, conducted via Zoom, brought together prominent rheumatologists to discuss the survey results and explore patient support opportunities with healthcare providers.ResultsOver 60% of respondents reported that poor locomotor function adversely affected their daily activities. More than 50% stated that they had delayed treatment due to concerns about potential side effects, while over half expressed a desire for rapid pain relief. Approximately 30% of patients reported an increase in musculoskeletal complaints following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of online consultations rose significantly, increasing from 5% before the pandemic to 12% during it, before stabilizing at 9% in the post-pandemic period.ConclusionsPatients with OA face considerable limitations in their daily lives, with a strong prefe­rence for immediate pain relief. Concerns about side effects lead many to postpone treatment. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory creams and prescription oral anti-inflammatory drugs are the most used therapies. The pandemic negatively affected OA symptoms. Furthermore, the use of online channels for OA patient care increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Immunobiologics in juvenile dermatomyositis: a systematic review of promising therapeutic advances
Authors: Rocha Aline Maria de Oliveira , Ribeiro Gabriel Fidelis , Silva Juliana Capecce 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionTo identify the most effective treatment for juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), considering efficacy, safety, impact on patients and improvement in their quality of life.Material and MethodsA systematic review was carried out comparing known treatments and immunobiological therapies, evaluating clinical improvement, adverse events and prognosis. The MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS and Cochrane Library databases were used with children aged 0 to 18 diagnosed with JDM. The PRISMA 2020 statement was followed throughout the process.ResultsThe immunobiologics studied were rituximab (RTX) and anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs and used the Disease Activity Score to skin, Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale and Manual Muscle Testing tools. There was no difference in the response when RTX was used (early or late). The anti-TNF studies were carried out in a population that was refractory to the initial treatment and showed a significant improvement in muscle and skin disease activity.ConclusionsFor severe or refractory disease, biologics tend to be the medication with the best therapeutic response.
Поиск новых катаклизмических переменных в различных рентгеновских и оптических каталогах
Authors: Галиуллин И.И. 
Published: December 2024

Катаклизмические переменные (КП) — это двойные системы, в которых белый карлик аккрецирует вещество со звезды-компаньона, заполняющей свою полость Роша. Многочисленные КП проявляют себя на оптических кривых блеска как переменные источники. Более того, аккреция может приводить к вспышкам, которые видны в оптических кривых блеска, особенно у немагнитных КП. Я рассматриваю современный многоволновой подход к классификации новых КП среди звездных объектов, основанный на “рентгеновской главной последовательности”, фазовом простран- стве отношения рентгеновского и оптического потоков и оптическом цвете Gaia (BP–RP). Используя этот метод, мож- но выявить множество новых кандидатов в КП при перекрестном сопоставлении различных рентгеновских каталогов, данных о собственном движении Gaia и базы данных оптических переменных объектов Zwicky Transient Facility. В работе я рассуждаю о недавно открытых новых магнитных и немагнитных КП, включая затменно-переменные ис- точники типа AM CVn и period bouncer. Эти результаты показывают, что многоволновой подход может быть мощным инструментом для поиска аккрецирующих двойных систем в рентгеновских и оптических каталогах.
Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are binary systems in which a white dwarf accretes matter from a Roche-lobe-filling companion star. Numerous CVs can be seen in optical light curves as periodic sources. Moreover, accretion can result in outbursts, which are visible in their optical light curves, especially in non-magnetic CVs. I review a modern multiwavelength approach to classifying new CVs among stellar objects based on an X-ray main sequence, a phase space of X-ray-to-optical flux ratio, and a Gaia optical (BP–RP) color. Using this method, it is possible to identify a dozen new CV candidates in a cross-match of different X-ray catalogs, Gaia proper motion data, and the optical Zwicky Transient Facility database. I discuss the recently discovered new magnetic and non-magnetic CVs, including an eclipsing AM CVn and the period-bouncer CV. These results show that a multiwavelength approach can be a powerful tool for searching for accreting binary systems in X-ray and optical catalogs.
Laparoscopic appendectomy as an alternative to open appendectomy – a single-center experience
Authors: Santorek-Strumiłło Edyta , Kustalik Sylwia , Jabłoński Sławomir 
Published: December 2024

Wprowadzenie i celOstre zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego jest jednym z najczęstszych ostrych stanów w chirurgii ogólnej. Laparoskopowe zabiegi w ostrych schorzeniach jamy brzusznej wymagają szczególnych umiejętności i doświadczenia operatora, ponieważ zwykle warunki anatomiczne oraz obraz jamy brzusznej są zmienione przez toczący się ostry stan zapalny, a tkanki są obrzęknięte i kruche. Appendektomię możemy wykonać metodą klasyczną lub laparoskopową. W dobie przewagi zabiegów małoinwazyjnych również usunięcie wyrostka robaczkowego najczęściej wykonuje się tą metodą. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu rodzaju zabiegu (appendektomii klasycznej lub laparoskopowej) na czas hospitalizacji, okres rekonwalescencji i występowanie powikłań pooperacyjnych.Materiał i metodyAnalizie poddano pacjentów operowanych w Klinice Chirurgii Klatki Piersiowej, Chirurgii Ogólnej i Onkologicznej w latach 2020–2023 z powodu ostrego zapalenia wyrostka robaczkowego. Badani byli operowania w trybie ostrym i wykonywano u nich appendektomię klasyczną lub laparoskopową. Wszystkich badanych zakwalifikowano do kontroli w przyszpitalnej poradni chirurgicznej (wizyty odbywały się w 10. dobie od pierwotnego zabiegu operacyjnego lub relaparotomii).WynikiW badanej grupie, którą podzielono ze względu na wiek, płeć i rodzaj wykonanego zabiegu
operacyjnego (klasyczny, laparoskopowy), oceniano nasilenie dolegliwości bólowych w pierwszej i 10. dobie po zabiegu operacyjnym, występowanie powikłań pooperacyjnych oraz czas hospitalizacji.WnioskiNa podstawie uzyskanych wyników wysunięto wniosek, że appendektomia laparoskopowa w porównaniu z klasyczną jest metodą pozwalającą na ograniczenie liczby powikłań pooperacyjnych, zmniejszenie dolegliwościach bólowych u pacjentów oraz skrócenie czasu hospitalizacji.